SGU Term 1

#separator:tab #html:true "Cholesterol <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""intercalates"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> between phospholipids""Cholesterol <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">intercalates</span> between phospholipids<br> " "Cholesterol affects membrane fluidity in a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""temperature dependent manner"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Cholesterol affects membrane fluidity in a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">temperature dependent manner</span><br> " "Glycolipids are found exclusively in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""outer monolayer"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Glycolipids are found exclusively in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">outer monolayer</span><br> " "Gylcocalyx help establish <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""microenvironment at cell surface"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Gylcocalyx help establish <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">microenvironment at cell surface</span><br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""03f8837276e94a1488484621fc513dbb-ao-1-Q.svg""></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp668uy9gb.png""></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""03f8837276e94a1488484621fc513dbb-ao-1-A.svg""></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp668uy9gb.png""></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""03f8837276e94a1488484621fc513dbb-ao-3-Q.svg""></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp668uy9gb.png""></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""03f8837276e94a1488484621fc513dbb-ao-3-A.svg""></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp668uy9gb.png""></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "Exocytosis is constituve: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""substance for export continuously"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Exocytosis is constituve: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">substance for export continuously</span><br> " "Receptor-mediated endocytosis is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Clathrin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> dependent""Receptor-mediated endocytosis is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Clathrin</span> dependent<br> " "Clathrin coated pits interact with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cargo receptors"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> via <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Adaptin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Clathrin coated pits interact with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">cargo receptors</span> via <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Adaptin</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Dynamin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> mediates the vesicle pinching-off from plasma membrane via <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""GTPase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Dynamin</span> mediates the vesicle pinching-off from plasma membrane via <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">GTPase</span><br> " "Vesicle targeting through <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Rab-GTPase intrxn with tethering proteins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Vesicle targeting through <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Rab-GTPase intrxn with tethering proteins</span><br> " "Early endosome functions to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""sort and recycle proteins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Early endosome functions to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">sort and recycle proteins</span><br> " "Pintocytosis is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""constitutive"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Pintocytosis is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">constitutive</span><br> " "Pinocytosis does not rely on <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""receptor proteins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> nor <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""clathrin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Pinocytosis does not rely on <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">receptor proteins</span> nor <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">clathrin</span><br> " "Phagocyte is an <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""apoptic cell"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Phagocyte is an <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">apoptic cell</span><br> " "Specialized phagoyctyes are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""macrophages"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""neutrophils"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Specialized phagoyctyes are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">macrophages</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">neutrophils</span><br> " "Extension of pseudopods is dependent on <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""actin polymerization"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Extension of pseudopods is dependent on <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">actin polymerization</span><br> " "Chloroquine works by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""raising lysosomal pH"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Chloroquine works by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">raising lysosomal pH</span><br> " "Lysosome stems from the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""golgi"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Lysosome stems from the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">golgi</span><br> " "Glycerol maintains the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""fluidity of the membrane"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Glycerol maintains the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">fluidity of the membrane</span><br> " "Cholesterol typically <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""decreases"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> fluidity and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""decreases"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> permeability of membrane""Cholesterol typically <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">decreases</span> fluidity and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">decreases</span> permeability of membrane<br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""2b14e8d4c8734eae83c826110ce3dd9b-ao-1-Q.svg""></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp3k_o2u3k.png""></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""2b14e8d4c8734eae83c826110ce3dd9b-ao-1-A.svg""></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp3k_o2u3k.png""></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Cytosol"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the liquid of the cytoplasm""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Cytosol</span> is the liquid of the cytoplasm<br> " "Nucleus is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""10"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>% of the cell volume""Nucleus is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">10</span>% of the cell volume<br> " "Inner nuclear membrane is in contact with the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""nuclear lamina"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Inner nuclear membrane is in contact with the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">nuclear lamina</span><br> " "Inner nuclear membrane functions as a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""scaffold stabilizing the nuclear envelope"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Inner nuclear membrane functions as a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">scaffold stabilizing the nuclear envelope</span><br> " "Outer nuclear membrane is continuous with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ER"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, specifically <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""rER"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Outer nuclear membrane is continuous with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ER</span>, specifically <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">rER</span><br> " "Nuclear Lamin made up of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""intermediate filaments"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">Lamin A and B</span>""Nuclear Lamin made up of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">intermediate filaments</span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">Lamin A and B</span><br> " "Nuclear Lamin made up of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">intermediate filaments</span> <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Lamin A and B"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""Nuclear Lamin made up of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">intermediate filaments</span> <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">Lamin A and B</span><br> " "Lamina is the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">scaffold</span> for <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""nuclear envelope"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""Lamina is the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">scaffold</span> for <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">nuclear envelope</span><br> " "Lamina is the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""scaffold"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> for <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">nuclear envelope</span>""Lamina is the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">scaffold</span> for <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">nuclear envelope</span><br> " "Nuclear pores are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""80-100nm"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in diameter""Nuclear pores are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">80-100nm</span> in diameter<br> " "Ions and molecules <<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""9"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>nm to diffuse freely through pore""Ions and molecules <<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">9</span>nm to diffuse freely through pore<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Nucleolus"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the site of ribosome production""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Nucleolus</span> is the site of ribosome production<br> " "3 Zones of Nucleolus:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Fibrillar Center (FC)"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Fibrillar Material (F)"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Granular Material (G)"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""3 Zones of Nucleolus:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Fibrillar Center (FC)</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Fibrillar Material (F)</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Granular Material (G)</span><br> " "Fibrillar center contains DNA loops of 5 chromosomes that contain <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""rRNA genes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Fibrillar center contains DNA loops of 5 chromosomes that contain <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">rRNA genes</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Fibrillar material"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is where transcription of rRNA genes""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Fibrillar material</span> is where transcription of rRNA genes<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Granular material"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is where the initial ribosomal assembly occurs""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Granular material</span> is where the initial ribosomal assembly occurs<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Centromere"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the site of kinetochore formation""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Centromere</span> is the site of kinetochore formation<br> " "Ribosomes are the sites of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""protein synthesis (translation)"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Ribosomes are the sites of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">protein synthesis (translation)</span><br> " "Synthesized proteins that are being translocated into ER lumen:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Lysosomal proteins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Secreted proteins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Plasma membrane proteins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Synthesized proteins that are being translocated into ER lumen:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Lysosomal proteins</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Secreted proteins</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Plasma membrane proteins</span><br> " "rER is continuous with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""NE"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""sER"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""rER is continuous with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">NE</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">sER</span><br> " "Smooth ER functions in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""synthesis of lipids &amp; detoxification"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Smooth ER functions in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">synthesis of lipids & detoxification</span><br> " "Rough ER functions in synthesis of proteins destined for <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""plasma membrane, lysosomes or secretion"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Rough ER functions in synthesis of proteins destined for <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">plasma membrane, lysosomes or secretion</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""rER"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is site of initial post-translational modifications & folding""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">rER</span> is site of initial post-translational modifications & folding<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""sER"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is abundant in cells specialized in lipid metabolism""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">sER</span> is abundant in cells specialized in lipid metabolism<br> " "sER plays a major role in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""detoxification and alcohol detoxification"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""sER plays a major role in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">detoxification and alcohol detoxification</span><br> " "sER is the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""sarcoplasmic reticulum"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in muscle""sER is the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">sarcoplasmic reticulum</span> in muscle<br> " "Golgi is important in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""protein"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> trafficking""Golgi is important in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">protein</span> trafficking<br> " "Golgi apparatus are well developed in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""secretory cells"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Golgi apparatus are well developed in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">secretory cells</span><br> " "Golgi apparatus location is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""microtubule"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> dependents""Golgi apparatus location is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">microtubule</span> dependents<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Coatomer-coated vesicles"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> mediate bidirectional traffic between ER and Golgi""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Coatomer-coated vesicles</span> mediate bidirectional traffic between ER and Golgi<br> " "COP-I coated vesicle partake in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""retrograde transport (CGN back to rER)"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""COP-I coated vesicle partake in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">retrograde transport (CGN back to rER)</span><br> " "COP-II coated vesicles partake <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""anterograde transport (rER to CGN)"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""COP-II coated vesicles partake <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">anterograde transport (rER to CGN)</span><br> " "Golgi functions include:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Post-translational modification"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Sorting"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Package"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Golgi functions include:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Post-translational modification</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Sorting</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Package</span><br> " "Post-translation modification:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Glycosylation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Sulfation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Phosphorylation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Proteolysis"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Post-translation modification:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Glycosylation</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Sulfation</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Phosphorylation</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Proteolysis</span><br> " "Consitutive: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""vesicles produced for continuous secretion"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Consitutive: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">vesicles produced for continuous secretion</span><br> " "Lysosomes are filled with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hydrolytic enzymes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Lysosomes are filled with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">hydrolytic enzymes</span><br> " "Life expectance of LSD's is typically <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""15 years"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Life expectance of LSD's is typically <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">15 years</span><br> " "Result of LSD:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Accumulation of undigested products"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Disruption of normal cell function"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Cell death"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Result of LSD:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Accumulation of undigested products</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Disruption of normal cell function</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Cell death</span><br> " "Patients of LSD present with:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Normal birth"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Slower growth"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Bone and joint deformities"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Frequent lung infections and heart disease"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Patients of LSD present with:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Normal birth</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Slower growth</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Bone and joint deformities</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Frequent lung infections and heart disease</span><br> " "Tay-Sachs disease is due to deficieny of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""HEXA (B-hexosaminidase A, a-subunit)"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Tay-Sachs disease is due to deficieny of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">HEXA (B-hexosaminidase A, a-subunit)</span><br> " "Tay-Sachs is due to accumulation of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""GM2 ganglioside"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Tay-Sachs is due to accumulation of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">GM2 ganglioside</span><br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""49ade2a9834b4f0f9ec8831481d14e47-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpev8i5ccy.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""49ade2a9834b4f0f9ec8831481d14e47-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpev8i5ccy.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""49ade2a9834b4f0f9ec8831481d14e47-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpev8i5ccy.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } 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id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""49ade2a9834b4f0f9ec8831481d14e47-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpev8i5ccy.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""49ade2a9834b4f0f9ec8831481d14e47-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpev8i5ccy.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""49ade2a9834b4f0f9ec8831481d14e47-ao-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpev8i5ccy.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""49ade2a9834b4f0f9ec8831481d14e47-ao-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpev8i5ccy.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""49ade2a9834b4f0f9ec8831481d14e47-ao-5-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpev8i5ccy.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""49ade2a9834b4f0f9ec8831481d14e47-ao-5-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpev8i5ccy.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "Autophagosome forms a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""double membrane vacuole"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Autophagosome forms a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">double membrane vacuole</span><br> " "3 types of autophagy:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Macroautophagy"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Microautophagy"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Chaperone-mediated autophagy"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""3 types of autophagy:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Macroautophagy</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Microautophagy</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Chaperone-mediated autophagy</span><br> " "Proteasome are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ATP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> dependent""Proteasome are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ATP</span> dependent<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Proteasomes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> degrade proteins without involving lysosomes""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Proteasomes</span> degrade proteins without involving lysosomes<br> " "Polyubiquitination is when proteins are covalently tagged with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ubiquitin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Polyubiquitination is when proteins are covalently tagged with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ubiquitin</span><br> " "Proteasomes destruct <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""abnormal proteins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> & <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""normal short-lived regulatory proteins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Proteasomes destruct <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">abnormal proteins</span> & <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">normal short-lived regulatory proteins</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Cytochrome c"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is an important factor in intrinsic apoptosis pathway""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Cytochrome c</span> is an important factor in intrinsic apoptosis pathway<br> " "Mitochondrial inner membrane functions:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Oxidation reactions"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Synthesize ATP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Regulate metabolite transport into and out of the matrix"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Mitochondrial inner membrane functions:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Oxidation reactions</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Synthesize ATP</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Regulate metabolite transport into and out of the matrix</span><br> " "Matrix granules are storage sites <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""for Ca<sup>2+</sup>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Matrix granules are storage sites <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">for Ca<sup>2+</sup></span><br> " "Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers mutated gene is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""MT-TK tRNA"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers mutated gene is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">MT-TK tRNA</span><br> " "Leber hereditary optic neuropathy have mutations in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""MT-ND1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""MT-ND4"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""MT-ND4L"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""MT-ND6"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Leber hereditary optic neuropathy have mutations in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">MT-ND1</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">MT-ND4</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">MT-ND4L</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">MT-ND6</span><br> " "Leber hereditary optic neuropathy is degeneration of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""retinal ganglion cells"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Leber hereditary optic neuropathy is degeneration of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">retinal ganglion cells</span><br> " "Peroxisome have an important role in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""fat metabolism"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Peroxisome have an important role in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">fat metabolism</span><br> " "Peroxisomes perform <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""VLCFA beta-oxidation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Peroxisomes perform <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">VLCFA beta-oxidation</span><br> " "Peroxisomes catalyze initial reactions in formation of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""plasmalogens"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Peroxisomes catalyze initial reactions in formation of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">plasmalogens</span><br> " "Plasmalogens are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""phospholipids in myelin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Plasmalogens are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">phospholipids in myelin</span><br> " "Peroxisomal proteins are synthesized by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""free ribosomes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Peroxisomal proteins are synthesized by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">free ribosomes</span><br> " "Peroxisomes degrade <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">ROS</span> through <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""catalase"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>, important in liver""Peroxisomes degrade <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">ROS</span> through <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">catalase</span>, important in liver<br> " "Peroxisomes degrade <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ROS"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> through <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">catalase</span>, important in liver""Peroxisomes degrade <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ROS</span> through <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">catalase</span>, important in liver<br> " "Zellweger syndrome is caused by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""mutations of the genes that make peroxisomes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Zellweger syndrome is caused by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">mutations of the genes that make peroxisomes</span><br> " "Cytoskeleton components:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Actin filaments (micro)"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Intermediate filaments"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Microtubules"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Cytoskeleton components:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Actin filaments (micro)</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Intermediate filaments</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Microtubules</span><br> " "Actin is typically <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""7nm"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in diameter""Actin is typically <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">7nm</span> in diameter<br> " "Intermediate filaments are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""8-12 nm"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in diameter""Intermediate filaments are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">8-12 nm</span> in diameter<br> " "Microtubules are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""25 nm"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in diameter""Microtubules are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">25 nm</span> in diameter<br> " "Functions of microtubulues:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Intracellular transport"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Cell motility"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Mitotic spindle"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Rigid intracellular skeleton"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Functions of microtubulues:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Intracellular transport</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Cell motility</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Mitotic spindle</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Rigid intracellular skeleton</span><br> " "Microtubule structure is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""α +&nbsp;β"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, and is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""polar"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Microtubule structure is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">α + β</span>, and is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">polar</span><br> " "Centrioles are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""9 triplets"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> microtubule arrangement""Centrioles are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">9 triplets</span> microtubule arrangement<br> " "Centrioles functions:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Organize the centrosome"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Basal body formation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Mitotic spindle formation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Centrioles functions:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Organize the centrosome</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Basal body formation</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Mitotic spindle formation</span><br> " "Centrosome is also called the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Microtubule Organizing Center"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Centrosome is also called the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Microtubule Organizing Center</span><br> " "Centrosome contains <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""a pair of centrioles perpendicular"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""y-tubulin ring complexes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Centrosome contains <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">a pair of centrioles perpendicular</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">y-tubulin ring complexes</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Centrosomes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> initiate microtubule formation""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Centrosomes</span> initiate microtubule formation<br> " "Microtubules are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""nucleated"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> at the centrosomes at their negative ends""Microtubules are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">nucleated</span> at the centrosomes at their negative ends<br> " "Microtubules positive end <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""point out and grow toward the cell periphery"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Microtubules positive end <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">point out and grow toward the cell periphery</span><br> " "Microtubules polymerization is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""GTP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> dependent""Microtubules polymerization is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">GTP</span> dependent<br> " "Microtubules are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""fast growth"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> at positive end and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""slow growth/disassembly"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> at negative ends""Microtubules are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">fast growth</span> at positive end and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">slow growth/disassembly</span> at negative ends<br> " "Microtubule association proteins are essentially <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""glue"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Microtubule association proteins are essentially <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">glue</span><br> " "Tau proteins stabilize <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""axonal microtubules"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Tau proteins stabilize <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">axonal microtubules</span><br> " "Hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins can result in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""self-assembly of tangles"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins can result in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">self-assembly of tangles</span><br> " "Dynein and kinesin have two polar heads that bind to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""microtubule proteins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Dynein and kinesin have two polar heads that bind to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">microtubule proteins</span><br> " "Colchines prevents polymerization by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""binding to unpolymerized tubulin molecules"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Colchines prevents polymerization by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">binding to unpolymerized tubulin molecules</span><br> " "Colchicine related compounds:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Vinca alkaloids"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Vinblastine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Vincristine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Colchicine related compounds:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Vinca alkaloids</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Vinblastine</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Vincristine</span><br> " "Taxol stabilizes and prevents microtubule disassembly by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""binding tubulin within assembled microtubules"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Taxol stabilizes and prevents microtubule disassembly by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">binding tubulin within assembled microtubules</span><br> " "Dynein moves in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""- (retrograde)"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> direction""Dynein moves in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">- (retrograde)</span> direction<br> " "Microtubule motors are primarily:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Dynein"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Kinesin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Microtubule motors are primarily:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Dynein</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Kinesin</span><br> " "2 Members of the Dynein:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Cytoplasmic dyneins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Axonemal dynein"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""2 Members of the Dynein:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Cytoplasmic dyneins</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Axonemal dynein</span><br> " "Cilia and Flagella contain <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""axonemal dynein"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Cilia and Flagella contain <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">axonemal dynein</span><br> " "Dynein grows at <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""14 um/sec"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Dynein grows at <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">14 um/sec</span><br> " "Kinesin grows at <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""3 um/sec"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Kinesin grows at <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">3 um/sec</span><br> " "Kinesin moves in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""+ (anterograde)"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> direction""Kinesin moves in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">+ (anterograde)</span> direction<br> " "Cilia arrangement is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""9+2"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Cilia arrangement is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">9+2</span><br> " "Primary Cilia is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""9+0"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> arrangement""Primary Cilia is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">9+0</span> arrangement<br> " "Cilia is anchored to cell via <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""basal body"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Cilia is anchored to cell via <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">basal body</span><br> " "Primary cilia are also known as <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""sensory antennae"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Primary cilia are also known as <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">sensory antennae</span><br> " "Intermediate filaments are formed from <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""non-polar subunits"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Intermediate filaments are formed from <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">non-polar subunits</span><br> " "Intermediate filaments functions:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Stabilize cell structure (mechanical strength)"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Resist shearing forces"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Intermediate filaments functions:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Stabilize cell structure (mechanical strength)</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Resist shearing forces</span><br> " "Intermediate filaments are essentional for <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""integrity of cell-cell and cell-ECM jxns"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Intermediate filaments are essentional for <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">integrity of cell-cell and cell-ECM jxns</span><br> " "Intermediate filament classes:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""1&amp;2 Keratins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Vimentin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Neurofilaments"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Lamins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Beaded Filaments"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Intermediate filament classes:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">1&2 Keratins</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Vimentin</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Neurofilaments</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Lamins</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Beaded Filaments</span><br> " "Vimentin is most abundant in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""mesoderm-derived cells"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Vimentin is most abundant in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">mesoderm-derived cells</span><br> " "G-actin are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""free actin molecules in cytoplasm"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""G-actin are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">free actin molecules in cytoplasm</span><br> " "F-actin is made of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""polymerized G-actin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ATP dependent"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""F-actin is made of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">polymerized G-actin</span> and are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ATP dependent</span><br> " "Actin filament functions:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Anchorage"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Structural core of microvilli &amp; stereocilia"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Cell motility"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Extension of cell processes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Actin filament functions:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Anchorage</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Structural core of microvilli & stereocilia</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Cell motility</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Extension of cell processes</span><br> " "Phalloidin disrupts normal function of actin by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""binding to F more tightly than G leading to excessive polymerization"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Phalloidin disrupts normal function of actin by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">binding to F more tightly than G leading to excessive polymerization</span><br> " "Cyochalasin blocks <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""polymerization of actin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Cyochalasin blocks <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">polymerization of actin</span><br> " "Microvilli are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""1-3 um"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in length""Microvilli are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">1-3 um</span> in length<br> " "Microvilli consist of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""25-30 actin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> crosslinked by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""villin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Microvilli consist of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">25-30 actin</span> crosslinked by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">villin</span><br> " "Stereocilia are up to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""120um"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in length""Stereocilia are up to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">120um</span> in length<br> " "Stereocilia are composed of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""actin filament bundles"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Stereocilia are composed of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">actin filament bundles</span><br> " "Stereocilia are limited to:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Epididymis"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Proximal ductus deferens"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Sensory hair cells of inner ear"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Stereocilia are limited to:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Epididymis</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Proximal ductus deferens</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Sensory hair cells of inner ear</span><br> " "ARP complex is highly concentrated near <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""front of lamellipodia where actin nucleation is most active"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""ARP complex is highly concentrated near <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">front of lamellipodia where actin nucleation is most active</span><br> " "Plasma membrane protrusions are driven by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""actin polymerization"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Plasma membrane protrusions are driven by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">actin polymerization</span><br> " "3 types of cell movement:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Filopodia"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Lamellipodia"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Pseudopodia"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""3 types of cell movement:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Filopodia</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Lamellipodia</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Pseudopodia</span><br> " "Lamellipodia fibroblasts involves:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Protrusion"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Attachment"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Contraction"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Lamellipodia fibroblasts involves:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Protrusion</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Attachment</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Contraction</span><br> " "Pseudopodia of neutrophils is via extravasation:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Rolling"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Activating"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Adhesion"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Transendothelial migration"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Pseudopodia of neutrophils is via extravasation:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Rolling</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Activating</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Adhesion</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Transendothelial migration</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Inclusions"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are cytoplasmic or nuclear structures formed from metabolic products of the cell""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Inclusions</span> are cytoplasmic or nuclear structures formed from metabolic products of the cell<br> " "Lipofusion:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Brownish-gold"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Wear and tear"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Non-dividing cells"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Accumulation of oxidized lipids"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Lipofusion:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Brownish-gold</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Wear and tear</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Non-dividing cells</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Accumulation of oxidized lipids</span><br> " "Hemosiderin:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Brown pigment"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Iron-storage complex"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Macrophages"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Hemosiderin:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Brown pigment</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Iron-storage complex</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Macrophages</span><br> " "Melanin:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Dark brown/brown/red"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""by oxidation of tyrosine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Sometimes in brains"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Melanin:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Dark brown/brown/red</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">by oxidation of tyrosine</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Sometimes in brains</span><br> " Types of glycocalyx:Glycolipids<br>Glycoproteins<br>Proteoglycans Enodcytosis has 3 types:<br>Receptor-mediated<br>Pinto<br>Phago "Glycocalyx function:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Microenvironment"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Protection"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Cell recognition"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Cell to Cell intrxn"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Glycocalyx function:<br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Microenvironment</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Protection</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Cell recognition</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Cell to Cell intrxn</span><br> " Exocytosis is regulated by:<br>Stimulus<br>Ca<sup>2+</sup><br>Fusion Phagocytosis steps:<br>Extension of pseudopods<br>Phagosome fuses with lysosome<br>Residual body "Fick's law is for <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""uncharged solutes across the membrane"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Fick's law is for <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">uncharged solutes across the membrane</span><br> " "Eq obtained much faster with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""simple diffusion"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Eq obtained much faster with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">simple diffusion</span><br> " "Glucose can pass freely with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""GLUT"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Glucose can pass freely with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">GLUT</span><br> " "Hexose malabsoprtion mainly leads to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""diarrhea"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Hexose malabsoprtion mainly leads to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">diarrhea</span><br> " "Hexose malabsorption comes from a deficit in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hexose transporter SGLT"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Hexose malabsorption comes from a deficit in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">hexose transporter SGLT</span><br> " "Dalton's law of partial pressure: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Pc=Pa + Pb"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Dalton's law of partial pressure: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Pc=Pa + Pb</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Henry's"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> law: at equilibrium the amount of gas dissolved at a temp is α to partial pressure and solubility of gas""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Henry's</span> law: at equilibrium the amount of gas dissolved at a temp is α to partial pressure and solubility of gas<br> " "Henry's law only applies to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dissolved gas"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Henry's law only applies to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dissolved gas</span><br> " "Partition coefficient measures the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""substance's lipophilicity"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Partition coefficient measures the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">substance's lipophilicity</span><br> " "Partition coefficient is determined by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""measuring the concentration of the substance in the oil and water phases"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Partition coefficient is determined by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">measuring the concentration of the substance in the oil and water phases</span><br> " "Partition Coefficietion = <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""[substance in oil]/[substance in water]"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Partition Coefficietion = <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">[substance in oil]/[substance in water]</span><br> " "Partition coefficient 1: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Substance would be equally able to exist as a solute in water and in oil"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Partition coefficient 1: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Substance would be equally able to exist as a solute in water and in oil</span><br> " "Partitiion coefficient >1: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Substance is lipophilic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Partitiion coefficient >1: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Substance is lipophilic</span><br> " "Partition coefficient <1: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""substance is not able to partition itself into lipid phase and cannot pass"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Partition coefficient <1: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">substance is not able to partition itself into lipid phase and cannot pass</span><br> " "Permeability coefficient: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""degree to which a substance can pass through the membrane"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Permeability coefficient: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">degree to which a substance can pass through the membrane</span><br> " "Permeability coefficient 1 = <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""maximum permeability"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Permeability coefficient 1 = <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">maximum permeability</span><br> " "Permeability coefficient 0 = <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""no permeability"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Permeability coefficient 0 = <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">no permeability</span><br> " "Reflection coefficient: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""how easily a substance can cross the membrane based on its reflection"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Reflection coefficient: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">how easily a substance can cross the membrane based on its reflection</span><br> " "Reflection coefficient 1 = <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""reflected and does not pass through"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Reflection coefficient 1 = <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">reflected and does not pass through</span><br> " "Apical membrane of epithelial tissue is in contact with the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""luminal space"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Apical membrane of epithelial tissue is in contact with the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">luminal space</span><br> " "Basal membrane of epithelial tissue is in contact with the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""interstitium and blood"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Basal membrane of epithelial tissue is in contact with the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">interstitium and blood</span><br> " "Major role of epthelial cells is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""secretion and/or absorption"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> through the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">osmotic gradient</span>""Major role of epthelial cells is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">secretion and/or absorption</span> through the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">osmotic gradient</span><br> " "Major role of epthelial cells is <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">secretion and/or absorption</span> through the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""osmotic gradient"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""Major role of epthelial cells is <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">secretion and/or absorption</span> through the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">osmotic gradient</span><br> " "CFTR activation leads to an increase in <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Cl<sup>-</sup> </span> which then increases <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Na<sup>+</sup>"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""CFTR activation leads to an increase in <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Cl<sup>-</sup> </span> which then increases <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">Na<sup>+</sup></span><br> " "CFTR activation leads to an increase in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> which then increases <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">Na<sup>+</sup></span>""CFTR activation leads to an increase in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Cl<sup>-</sup> </span> which then increases <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">Na<sup>+</sup></span><br> " "Cl<sup>-</sup> out of the cell leads to the activation of the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">eNaC</span> which leads to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Na<sup>+</sup>&nbsp;out of the cell"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""Cl<sup>-</sup> out of the cell leads to the activation of the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">eNaC</span> which leads to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">Na<sup>+</sup> out of the cell</span><br> " "Cl<sup>-</sup> out of the cell leads to the activation of the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""eNaC"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> which leads to <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">Na<sup>+</sup> out of the cell</span>""Cl<sup>-</sup> out of the cell leads to the activation of the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">eNaC</span> which leads to <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">Na<sup>+</sup> out of the cell</span><br> " "GAGs are found in mucous because <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""(-) charge causes them to repel each other making them slippery"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""GAGs are found in mucous because <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">(-) charge causes them to repel each other making them slippery</span><br> " "Fatty acid De Novo primarily occurs in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""liver and lactating mammary glands"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Fatty acid De Novo primarily occurs in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">liver and lactating mammary glands</span><br> " "Derived lipids and compex lipids are both <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""amphipathic lipids"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Derived lipids and compex lipids are both <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">amphipathic lipids</span><br> " "Fatty acids in humans are always <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""even"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Fatty acids in humans are always <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">even</span><br> " Saturated fatty acid characteristicsLonger chain length<br>Close packing<br>Lower mobility in membranes "Lipids with saturated fatty acids are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""solid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Lipids with saturated fatty acids are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">solid</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Palmitic acid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is 16C""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Palmitic acid</span> is 16C<br> " "Longer fatty acid chains are rich in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""myelin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Longer fatty acid chains are rich in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">myelin</span><br> " "Unsaturated fatty acids are always found in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cis"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> transfiguration""Unsaturated fatty acids are always found in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">cis</span> transfiguration<br> " "Common monounsaturated fatty is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""oleic acid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> 18:1""Common monounsaturated fatty is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">oleic acid</span> 18:1<br> " "Polyunsaturated fatty acids have multiple kinks that <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""prevent"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> close packing""Polyunsaturated fatty acids have multiple kinks that <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">prevent</span> close packing<br> " "ω3 is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""α-Linolenic acid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""ω3 is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">α-Linolenic acid</span><br> " "ω6 is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Linoleic acid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""ω6 is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Linoleic acid</span><br> " "Linoleic acid is a precursor for <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""arachidonic acid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Linoleic acid is a precursor for <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">arachidonic acid</span><br> " "α-linolenic acid is a precursor for <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""EPA"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""DHA"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""α-linolenic acid is a precursor for <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">EPA</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">DHA</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""EPA's"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are cardioprotective""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">EPA's</span> are cardioprotective<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""DHA"" data-ordinal=""1"">[Fatty acid]</span> is important for neural/brain development and for vision""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">DHA</span> is important for neural/brain development and for vision<br> " "Humans cannot add double bond after <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""C-9"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Humans cannot add double bond after <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">C-9</span><br> " Cholesterol is a precursor toBile acid/bile salt synthesis<br>Steroid hormones<br>Vitamin D "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""TAGs"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are storage form of energy in adipose""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">TAGs</span> are storage form of energy in adipose<br> " "Unsaturated fatty acids are susceptible to free radical damage due to their <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""double-bonds"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Unsaturated fatty acids are susceptible to free radical damage due to their <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">double-bonds</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Phosphatidic acid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the building block of phospholipids""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Phosphatidic acid</span> is the building block of phospholipids<br> " "Cardiolipin is only found in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""inner mitochondrial membrane"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Cardiolipin is only found in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">inner mitochondrial membrane</span><br> " "Anticardiolipin antibodies are part of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""autoimmune disorder"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Anticardiolipin antibodies are part of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">autoimmune disorder</span><br> " Phospholipids on the outsidePhosphatidylcholine<br>Sphingomyelin Phospholipids insidePhosphatidylserine<br>Phosphatidylethanolamine<br>Phosphatidylinositol "If <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""phosphatidylserine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[phospholipid]</span> is on the outside it signals for apoptosis""If <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">phosphatidylserine</span> is on the outside it signals for apoptosis<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Phosphatidylcholine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[phospholipid]</span> is the most abundant in outer leaflet""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Phosphatidylcholine</span> is the most abundant in outer leaflet<br> " "DPPC is important in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""surfactant"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""DPPC is important in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">surfactant</span><br> " "If lecithin is > 2 in aminiotic fluid the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""babies lungs are functioning"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""If lecithin is > 2 in aminiotic fluid the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">babies lungs are functioning</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""DPPC"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> decreases surface tension and prevent alveolar collapse""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">DPPC</span> decreases surface tension and prevent alveolar collapse<br> " "Sphingophospholipid is typically called <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ceramide"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Sphingophospholipid is typically called <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ceramide</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Sphingosine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> typically found in myelin sheath""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Sphingosine</span> typically found in myelin sheath<br> " "Phosphatidylinositol works to form <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""second messengers"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Phosphatidylinositol works to form <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">second messengers</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Phosphatidylcholine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is found in lung surfactant""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Phosphatidylcholine</span> is found in lung surfactant<br> " "Phosphatidylserine signals <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""apoptosis"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Phosphatidylserine signals <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">apoptosis</span><br> " "Glycolipids have a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""sphingosine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> backbone""Glycolipids have a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">sphingosine</span> backbone<br> " "Glycolipids are found on the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""outer leaflet"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> of the cell membrane""Glycolipids are found on the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">outer leaflet</span> of the cell membrane<br> " "Glycolipids are also found on the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""mylein sheath of nerves"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Glycolipids are also found on the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">mylein sheath of nerves</span><br> " "Cerebrosides are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""glucose/galactose"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Cerebrosides are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">glucose/galactose</span><br> " "Sulfatide are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""galactose c sulfate"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Sulfatide are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">galactose c sulfate</span><br> " "Globosides are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""oligosaccharides"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Globosides are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">oligosaccharides</span><br> " "Gangliosides are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""oligosaccharides c NANA"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Gangliosides are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">oligosaccharides c NANA</span><br> " Primary glycolipidsCerebroside<br>Sulfatide<br>Globoside<br>Ganglioside Short-lived Planar lipid raftsCholesterol<br>Glycosphingolipids<br>Sphingomyelin Long-lived lipid raftCaveolae "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Caveolae"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are lipid rafts forming an invagination of the PM stabilized by caveolins""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Caveolae</span> are lipid rafts forming an invagination of the PM stabilized by caveolins<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Lipid rafts"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> can facilitate signal transduction and a virus infection""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Lipid rafts</span> can facilitate signal transduction and a virus infection<br> " "Cholesterol increases the fluidity <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""inside of the bilayer"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Cholesterol increases the fluidity <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">inside of the bilayer</span><br> " "Cholesterol binds in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""space that is generated by cis-double bonds and fa's"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Cholesterol binds in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">space that is generated by cis-double bonds and fa's</span><br> " "At low temperatures fatty acyl groups are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""stiffer"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and cholesterol <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""increases"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> the fluidity""At low temperatures fatty acyl groups are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">stiffer</span> and cholesterol <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">increases</span> the fluidity<br> " "At high temperature fatty acyl groups are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""fluid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and cholesterol <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""decreases"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> fluidity""At high temperature fatty acyl groups are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">fluid</span> and cholesterol <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">decreases</span> fluidity<br> " "Membranes inside the cell <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""do not"" data-ordinal=""1"">[do or do not]</span> contain cholesterol""Membranes inside the cell <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">do not</span> contain cholesterol<br> " "Organelle membranes fluidty is regulated by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""fatty acid composition"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Organelle membranes fluidty is regulated by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">fatty acid composition</span><br> " "Lipoprteins transport <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""nonpolar lipids"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Lipoprteins transport <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">nonpolar lipids</span><br> " "Lipoproteins outer shell is formed by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""phospholipid monolayer"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""free cholesterol"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""apolipoproteins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Lipoproteins outer shell is formed by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">phospholipid monolayer</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">free cholesterol</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">apolipoproteins</span><br> " "The outside of the lipoproteins are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""solube"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in aq soln""The outside of the lipoproteins are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">solube</span> in aq soln<br> " "GLUT transports have <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""12"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> transmembrane α-helicies""GLUT transports have <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">12</span> transmembrane α-helicies<br> " High affinity GLUT transportersGLUT1<br>GLUT3<br>GLUT4 Low affinity GLUT transportersGLUT2<br>GLUT5 "GLUT1 and GLUT3 are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""constant"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> rate at normal and lower [BG]""GLUT1 and GLUT3 are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">constant</span> rate at normal and lower [BG]<br> " "GLUT1 is abundant in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""RBC"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""GLUT1 is abundant in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">RBC</span><br> " "GLUT3 is dominant in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""neurons and brain"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""GLUT3 is dominant in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">neurons and brain</span><br> " "Hereditary GLUT1 deficiency in patients leads to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""post birth microcephaly and to have epilepsy-like seizures"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Hereditary GLUT1 deficiency in patients leads to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">post birth microcephaly and to have epilepsy-like seizures</span><br> " As individuals with GLUT1 deficieny mature they developAtaxia<br>Delayed psychomotor development<br>Movement disorders<br>Impaired speech "GLUT2 specializes in transporting <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""large amounts of glucose molecules"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""GLUT2 specializes in transporting <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">large amounts of glucose molecules</span><br> " "Intestinal mucosal GLUT2 <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""release dietary monosaccharides into portal vein"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Intestinal mucosal GLUT2 <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">release dietary monosaccharides into portal vein</span><br> " "Hepatocyte GLUT2 <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""facilitates glucose uptake at high BG, and release during fasting"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Hepatocyte GLUT2 <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">facilitates glucose uptake at high BG, and release during fasting</span><br> " "β-cell GLUT2 <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""measures high BG"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""β-cell GLUT2 <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">measures high BG</span><br> " "Renal tubular GLUT2 <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""reuptakes glucose"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Renal tubular GLUT2 <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">reuptakes glucose</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""GLUT4"" data-ordinal=""1"">[GLUT]</span> is insulin dependent""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">GLUT4</span> is insulin dependent<br> " "GLUT4 is abundant in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""fat"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""skeletal"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""heart"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""GLUT4 is abundant in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">fat</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">skeletal</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">heart</span><br> " "GLUT4 when mobilized by insulin allows the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""influx of BG into cell"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""GLUT4 when mobilized by insulin allows the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">influx of BG into cell</span><br> " "Insulin injection can lead to hypoglycemia due to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""rapid uptake of BG via GLUT4"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Insulin injection can lead to hypoglycemia due to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">rapid uptake of BG via GLUT4</span><br> " "GLUT5 prefers <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""fructose"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""GLUT5 prefers <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">fructose</span><br> " "GLUT5 is found in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""intestinal mucosal cells on lumen side"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""GLUT5 is found in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">intestinal mucosal cells on lumen side</span><br> " "GLUT5 can transport glucose only at <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""very high levels"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""GLUT5 can transport glucose only at <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">very high levels</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""GLUT5"" data-ordinal=""1"">[GLUT]</span> is found in seminal vesicles""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">GLUT5</span> is found in seminal vesicles<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""SGLT1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> performs uptake of dietary glucose or galactose into enterocytes""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">SGLT1</span> performs uptake of dietary glucose or galactose into enterocytes<br> " "SGLT1 transport type is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""secondary active"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""SGLT1 transport type is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">secondary active</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""SGLT2"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is found in the kidney for re-uptake of glucose""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">SGLT2</span> is found in the kidney for re-uptake of glucose<br> " "Secondary active transport is done through <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""coupling with Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Secondary active transport is done through <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">coupling with Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase</span><br> " "ABC transports allows <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""active transport of molecules from cytosol to EC through ATP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""ABC transports allows <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">active transport of molecules from cytosol to EC through ATP</span><br> " "ABC transported molecules are typically <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""lipid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""ABC transported molecules are typically <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">lipid</span><br> " "CFTR is regulated through <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cAMP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""CFTR is regulated through <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">cAMP</span><br> " "CFTR is considered an ABC but is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;channel"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""CFTR is considered an ABC but is a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Cl<sup>-</sup> channel</span><br> " CF patients experiencePoor growth and low weight<br>Recurrent lung infections<br>Chronic pancreatitis<br>Steatorrhea<br>Male infertility How is the release of water to the extracellular surfaces dependent on CFTR function?(-) charged Cl released binds with Na in interstitial fluid which forms NaCl and attracts water CFTR is present in epithelial cells inAirway ducts<br>Pancreatic ducts<br>Reproductive ducts How is CFTR different for the skinsweat secretory duct allow Cl<sup>-</sup> to flow with the gradient into epithelial cells "Sweat formed in coiled section has a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""higher"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> concentration of NaCL then from gland""Sweat formed in coiled section has a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">higher</span> concentration of NaCL then from gland<br> " "Flow back of Cl in sweat glands allows the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""salvage and re-uptake of Cl"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Flow back of Cl in sweat glands allows the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">salvage and re-uptake of Cl</span><br> " "Feed-forward is based on <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""change with time desired"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Feed-forward is based on <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">change with time desired</span><br> " "Positive feedback: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""reinforce change of a deviation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Positive feedback: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">reinforce change of a deviation</span><br> " "Sweat is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hypoosmotic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[osmoticity]</span> c NaCl""Sweat is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">hypoosmotic</span> c NaCl<br> " "Intracellular water <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""28L"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Intracellular water <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">28L</span><br> " "Interstital fluid <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""10.5L"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Interstital fluid <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">10.5L</span><br> " "Plasma water <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""3.5L"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Plasma water <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">3.5L</span><br> " "Extracellular water <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""14L"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Extracellular water <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">14L</span><br> " "TWB Males <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""60%"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> Females <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""50%"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""TWB Males <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">60%</span> Females <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">50%</span><br> " "Na<sup>+</sup> is 140 which creates the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""osmotic force"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Na<sup>+</sup> is 140 which creates the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">osmotic force</span><br> " "Plasma and Interstitial fluid contain <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""more"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> Na<sup>+</sup>""Plasma and Interstitial fluid contain <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">more</span> Na<sup>+</sup><br> " "Intracellular fluid has <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""more"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> potassium than plasma and interstitial fluid""Intracellular fluid has <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">more</span> potassium than plasma and interstitial fluid<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Steady state"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>: Maintenance of a state that does not change with time and energy expenditure may be necessary""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Steady state</span>: Maintenance of a state that does not change with time and energy expenditure may be necessary<br> " "Equilibrium is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""no net flux"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> of energy""Equilibrium is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">no net flux</span> of energy<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Steady state:"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> the tendency of a system to maintain internal stability""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Steady state:</span> the tendency of a system to maintain internal stability<br> " "HR is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""not controlled"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> by homestasis""HR is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">not controlled</span> by homestasis<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Feed Forward"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>: Body anticipates a change in a variable before it happens and prepares the body for the change""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Feed Forward</span>: Body anticipates a change in a variable before it happens and prepares the body for the change<br> " "Deficient homeostatic: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""normal (-) feedback continues dispite disease and becomes positive feedback with disastrous consequences"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Deficient homeostatic: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">normal (-) feedback continues dispite disease and becomes positive feedback with disastrous consequences</span><br> " "Osmotic pressure is the pressure <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""necessary to stop net movement of water"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Osmotic pressure is the pressure <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">necessary to stop net movement of water</span><br> " "van't Hoff is for <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""very dilute solutions"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""van't Hoff is for <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">very dilute solutions</span><br> " 2 major driving forces for water movement within the bodyOsmotic<br>Hydrostatic driving forces "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Water flux"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>: a difference in osmotic pressure between two compartments can provide a driving force for water to flow""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Water flux</span>: a difference in osmotic pressure between two compartments can provide a driving force for water to flow<br> " "High osmolarity means <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""high concentration"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""High osmolarity means <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">high concentration</span><br> " "Reflection coefficient of 1 is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""osmotically active"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Reflection coefficient of 1 is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">osmotically active</span><br> " "Something is osmotically active if <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""it is reflected because it remains outside of the cell, manipulating water movement"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Something is osmotically active if <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">it is reflected because it remains outside of the cell, manipulating water movement</span><br> " "Tonicity is the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""concentration of only the osmotically active particles"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Tonicity is the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">concentration of only the osmotically active particles</span><br> " "Tonicity of a solution describes <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""the volume change of a cell at equilibrium"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Tonicity of a solution describes <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">the volume change of a cell at equilibrium</span><br> " "Net water movement will be into the compartment that has <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""the higher concentration of osmotically active particles"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Net water movement will be into the compartment that has <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">the higher concentration of osmotically active particles</span><br> " "Penetrating solutes: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""glucose, urea, glycerol"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Penetrating solutes: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">glucose, urea, glycerol</span><br> " "Non-penetrating solutes: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""sucrose, NaCl, KCl"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Non-penetrating solutes: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">sucrose, NaCl, KCl</span><br> " "It is the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""non-penetrating"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> solutes that ultimately determine the tonicity of the solution""It is the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">non-penetrating</span> solutes that ultimately determine the tonicity of the solution<br> " "Hyperosmotic - solution has <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""greater"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> osmotic pressure""Hyperosmotic - solution has <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">greater</span> osmotic pressure<br> " "Hypo-osmotic - solution has <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""less"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> osmotic pressure""Hypo-osmotic - solution has <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">less</span> osmotic pressure<br> " "Hypertonic - <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cell shrinks as concentration on outside is higher"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Hypertonic - <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">cell shrinks as concentration on outside is higher</span><br> " "Hypotonic - <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cell swells because concentration off solute on outside is lower"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Hypotonic - <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">cell swells because concentration off solute on outside is lower</span><br> " 150 mM NaCl + 50 mM gylcerol<br>What is osmolarity?<br>What is tonicity?<br>What happens to the cell?350 mOsm (150x2+50)<br>300 mOsm (150x2)<br>Cell stays the same - isotonic "Hyperosmotic solutions can be <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hypo-, iso-, or hyper"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>tonic""Hyperosmotic solutions can be <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">hypo-, iso-, or hyper</span>tonic<br> " "Glycolipids and glycoproteins on the outer layer form <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""glycocalyx"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Glycolipids and glycoproteins on the outer layer form <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">glycocalyx</span><br> " "Ohm's law: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""I = V/R or I = Vxg"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Ohm's law: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">I = V/R or I = Vxg</span><br> " "Charge separation requires <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""selective movement of specific charge across the membrane"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Charge separation requires <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">selective movement of specific charge across the membrane</span><br> " What is required for RMP?Semi-permeable membrane<br>Concentration gradient<br>Pathway for charged ions How is RMP formed?Charge separation across the membrane via selective ion channels How is RMP determined?Ion conductance dominant at rest<br>Magnitude of concentration gradient of that ion Epithelial RMP-50mV Neuron RMP-80mV What can start an electrochemical gradientA chemical gradient Electrochemical eq potential steady state modelconstant ion pumping and leakage giving unequal distribution of ions "Electrical potential is also called the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""equilibrium potential"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Electrical potential is also called the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">equilibrium potential</span><br> " "Equilibrium potential is the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Nernst equilibrium"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Equilibrium potential is the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Nernst equilibrium</span><br> " "An outwardly directed concentration gradient for K<sup>+</sup> results from the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ion concentration difference"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""An outwardly directed concentration gradient for K<sup>+</sup> results from the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ion concentration difference</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Membrane potential"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the net effect of all charge movements taking place across the membrane""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Membrane potential</span> is the net effect of all charge movements taking place across the membrane<br> " "E<sub>ion</sub> is the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""equilbrium potential for a single ion"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""E<sub>ion</sub> is the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">equilbrium potential for a single ion</span><br> " "V<sub>m</sub> will be <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""closest"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> to the E<sub>ion</sub> of the ion with the largest fractional conductance""V<sub>m</sub> will be <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">closest</span> to the E<sub>ion</sub> of the ion with the largest fractional conductance<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Driving force"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> predicts if an ion will flow into or out of a cell""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Driving force</span> predicts if an ion will flow into or out of a cell<br> " "DF = <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""V<sub>m</sub>&nbsp;- E<sub>ion</sub>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""DF = <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">V<sub>m</sub> - E<sub>ion</sub></span><br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""653b4aec41504103a3494df18a3c0b64-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp7peovd3k.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""653b4aec41504103a3494df18a3c0b64-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp7peovd3k.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "Influx of positive ions into the membrane <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""depolarizes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> it""Influx of positive ions into the membrane <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">depolarizes</span> it<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Na<sup>+</sup>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the primary ion that causes depolarization (normally)""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Na<sup>+</sup></span> is the primary ion that causes depolarization (normally)<br> " "Repolarization is due to the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""efflux of K<sup>+</sup>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Repolarization is due to the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">efflux of K<sup>+</sup></span><br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""416f655ac2a44dd78129105cadc0bd24-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpngde1qd9.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""416f655ac2a44dd78129105cadc0bd24-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpngde1qd9.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""9181c84db22444ed86323ec2b8aff6a4-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpvrfqa3i6.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""9181c84db22444ed86323ec2b8aff6a4-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpvrfqa3i6.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""19a120129c974898a2eec736797bcf9c-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpta9987jw.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""19a120129c974898a2eec736797bcf9c-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpta9987jw.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""19a120129c974898a2eec736797bcf9c-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpta9987jw.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""19a120129c974898a2eec736797bcf9c-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpta9987jw.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""19a120129c974898a2eec736797bcf9c-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpta9987jw.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""19a120129c974898a2eec736797bcf9c-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpta9987jw.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""19a120129c974898a2eec736797bcf9c-ao-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpta9987jw.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""19a120129c974898a2eec736797bcf9c-ao-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpta9987jw.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""90a90b9f40b8416d86b0be8ba9d3f634-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjqa4sj0d.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""90a90b9f40b8416d86b0be8ba9d3f634-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjqa4sj0d.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""90a90b9f40b8416d86b0be8ba9d3f634-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjqa4sj0d.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""90a90b9f40b8416d86b0be8ba9d3f634-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjqa4sj0d.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""90a90b9f40b8416d86b0be8ba9d3f634-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjqa4sj0d.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""90a90b9f40b8416d86b0be8ba9d3f634-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjqa4sj0d.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""3fc00f502b5d495c92936a0c79c7724c-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpbw91w4th.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""3fc00f502b5d495c92936a0c79c7724c-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpbw91w4th.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""3fc00f502b5d495c92936a0c79c7724c-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpbw91w4th.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""3fc00f502b5d495c92936a0c79c7724c-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpbw91w4th.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""3fc00f502b5d495c92936a0c79c7724c-ao-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpbw91w4th.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""3fc00f502b5d495c92936a0c79c7724c-ao-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpbw91w4th.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "More ion-specific channels in the membrane = <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""higher conductance for that ion"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""More ion-specific channels in the membrane = <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">higher conductance for that ion</span><br> " "Depolarization about <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""-50"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>mV opens the Na<sup>+</sup> activation gate (m)""Depolarization about <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">-50</span>mV opens the Na<sup>+</sup> activation gate (m)<br> " "Inactivation gate (h) closes after <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""slight delay at peak of AP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Inactivation gate (h) closes after <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">slight delay at peak of AP</span><br> " "Na<sup>+</sup> activation gate (m) is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""quicker"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> than the inactivation gate (h)""Na<sup>+</sup> activation gate (m) is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">quicker</span> than the inactivation gate (h)<br> " "During the resting state the activation gate of Na<sup>+</sup> is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""closed"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and the inactivation gate is <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">open</span>""During the resting state the activation gate of Na<sup>+</sup> is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">closed</span> and the inactivation gate is <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">open</span><br> " "During the resting state the activation gate of Na<sup>+</sup> is <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">closed</span> and the inactivation gate is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""open"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""During the resting state the activation gate of Na<sup>+</sup> is <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">closed</span> and the inactivation gate is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">open</span><br> " "During depolarization, both the activation gate and inactivation gate of Na<sup>+</sup> are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""open"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""During depolarization, both the activation gate and inactivation gate of Na<sup>+</sup> are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">open</span><br> " "During repolarization phase the Na<sup>+</sup> activation gate is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""open"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and the inactivation gate is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""closed"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""During repolarization phase the Na<sup>+</sup> activation gate is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">open</span> and the inactivation gate is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">closed</span><br> " "Potassium conductance is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""increased"" data-ordinal=""1"">[increased or decreased]</span> by depolarization""Potassium conductance is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">increased</span> by depolarization<br> " "Delayed rectifier K<sup>+</sup> channels are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""voltage and time dependent"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Delayed rectifier K<sup>+</sup> channels are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">voltage and time dependent</span><br> " "The role of the delayed rectifier K<sup>+</sup> channels is to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""reset V<sub>m</sub>&nbsp;towards E by increasing fractional K<sup>+</sup>&nbsp;conductance"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The role of the delayed rectifier K<sup>+</sup> channels is to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">reset V<sub>m</sub> towards E by increasing fractional K<sup>+</sup> conductance</span><br> " "Inward rectifying K<sup>+</sup> channels are only <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""voltage"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> dependent""Inward rectifying K<sup>+</sup> channels are only <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">voltage</span> dependent<br> " "Inward rectifying K<sup>+</sup> channels are expressed in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""heart and vasculature"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Inward rectifying K<sup>+</sup> channels are expressed in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">heart and vasculature</span><br> " Hypocalcemia AP effectsThreshold lower<br>Increased excitability<br>Tetany Hypercalcemia AP effectsDecreased electrical excitability<br>Weakness "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Long slow"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> depolarization tends to lock inactivation gates closed on Na<sup>+</sup> and increased delayed K<sup>+</sup> channel conductance""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Long slow</span> depolarization tends to lock inactivation gates closed on Na<sup>+</sup> and increased delayed K<sup>+</sup> channel conductance<br> " "Changes of Na<sup>+</sup> ions have <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""little"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> change on AP""Changes of Na<sup>+</sup> ions have <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">little</span> change on AP<br> " "Hyperkalemia <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""increases"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> the extracellular [K<sup>+</sup>]""Hyperkalemia <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">increases</span> the extracellular [K<sup>+</sup>]<br> " "Hypokalemia <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""decreases"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> extracellular [K<sup>+</sup>]""Hypokalemia <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">decreases</span> extracellular [K<sup>+</sup>]<br> " Three steps of sperm penetrationCapacitation<br>Acrosome reaction<br>Fusion of the plasma membranes CapacitationRemoval of seminal proteins from the surface<br>Pentration through corona radiate Acrosome reactionRelease of acrosomal enzymes<br>Pentetration of sperm through zona pellucida Fusion of PMs of sperm and oocyteZona pellucida prevents polyspermy "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Ampulla of fallopian tube"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the normal site of fertilization""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Ampulla of fallopian tube</span> is the normal site of fertilization<br> " "Fusion of pronuclei <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""restores the normal diploid number and sex is determined"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Fusion of pronuclei <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">restores the normal diploid number and sex is determined</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Cleavage"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>: repeated mitotic division of the zygote to produce indentical daughter cells or blastomeres""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Cleavage</span>: repeated mitotic division of the zygote to produce indentical daughter cells or blastomeres<br> " "During cleavage the zygote is subdivided <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""without"" data-ordinal=""1"">[with or without]</span> increase in size""During cleavage the zygote is subdivided <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">without</span> increase in size<br> " "Morula forms day <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""3"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Morula forms day <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">3</span><br> " "Morula consists of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""12-32"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> blastomeres""Morula consists of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">12-32</span> blastomeres<br> " "Day 3 the morula enters into <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""uterine cavity"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Day 3 the morula enters into <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">uterine cavity</span><br> " "Day 4 the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""blastocystic cavity"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> appears inside the morula""Day 4 the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">blastocystic cavity</span> appears inside the morula<br> " "Blastomeres separate into two parts: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""embryoblast"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""trophoblast"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Blastomeres separate into two parts: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">embryoblast</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">trophoblast</span><br> " "6 days after fertilization the blastocyst <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""attaches to the epithelium of the endometrium"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""6 days after fertilization the blastocyst <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">attaches to the epithelium of the endometrium</span><br> " "The trophoblast proliferates into two layers: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cytotrophoblast"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""syncytiotrophoblast"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The trophoblast proliferates into two layers: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">cytotrophoblast</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">syncytiotrophoblast</span><br> " "Cytotrophoblast forms new cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast because it is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""mitotically active"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Cytotrophoblast forms new cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast because it is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">mitotically active</span><br> " "Syncytiotrophoblast <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""secretes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""invades"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Syncytiotrophoblast <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">secretes</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">invades</span><br> " "Syncytiotrophoblasts secretes <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""human chorionic gonadotrophin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Syncytiotrophoblasts secretes <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">human chorionic gonadotrophin</span><br> " "Syncytiotrophoblast enables blastocyst to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""burrow into the endometrium"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Syncytiotrophoblast enables blastocyst to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">burrow into the endometrium</span><br> " "Embryoblast turns into the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""embryonic disc"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Embryoblast turns into the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">embryonic disc</span><br> " "Embryonic disc consists of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""epiblast"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hypoblast"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Embryonic disc consists of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">epiblast</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">hypoblast</span><br> " "Epiblast consists of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">high columnar cells</span> and forms the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""germ layers"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""Epiblast consists of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">high columnar cells</span> and forms the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">germ layers</span><br> " "Epiblast consists of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""high columnar cells"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and forms the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">germ layers</span>""Epiblast consists of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">high columnar cells</span> and forms the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">germ layers</span><br> " "Hypoblasts consists of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""small cuboidal cells"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and becomes the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">yolk sac</span>""Hypoblasts consists of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">small cuboidal cells</span> and becomes the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">yolk sac</span><br> " "Hypoblasts consists of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">small cuboidal cells</span> and becomes the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""yolk sac"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""Hypoblasts consists of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">small cuboidal cells</span> and becomes the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">yolk sac</span><br> " "Gastrulation is the process where <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""the three germ layers are formed"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Gastrulation is the process where <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">the three germ layers are formed</span><br> " "Bilaminar disc develops into the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""trilaminar disc"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Bilaminar disc develops into the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">trilaminar disc</span><br> " "The three layers of the trilaminar disc are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""primitive endoderm"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""intraembryonic mesoderm"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, and the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ectoderm"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The three layers of the trilaminar disc are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">primitive endoderm</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">intraembryonic mesoderm</span>, and the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ectoderm</span><br> " " <div id=""io-header"">Type of Epithelium</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""6b8ab19816764bd2acdd7d766e7e1535-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpd6serytj.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header"">Type of Epithelium</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""6b8ab19816764bd2acdd7d766e7e1535-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpd6serytj.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header"">Type of Epithelium</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""14110fcdd7cd4b258e9b27087a937d2a-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpxnwgqfqg.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header"">Type of Epithelium</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""14110fcdd7cd4b258e9b27087a937d2a-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpxnwgqfqg.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " Functions of simple squamousExchange<br>Barrier<br>Lubrication Locations of simple squamousEndothelium<br>Mesothelium<br>Bowman<br>Respiratory space Functions of simple cuboidalAbsorption<br>Secretion<br>Barrier Locations of simple cuboidalSmall ducts exocrine<br>Surface of ovary<br>Kidney tubules<br>Thyroid<br>Hepatocytes Functions of simple columnarAbsorption<br>Secretion Location of simple columnarStomach<br>Intenstines<br>Gallbladder<br>Uterine tube Functions of pseudostratifiedSecretion<br>Conduit<br>Absorption Location of pseudostratifiedTrachea & bronchial<br>Male reproductive tract Functions of stratified squamousBarrier<br>Protection Locations of stratified squamousEsophagus<br>Vagina<br>Epidermis<br>Oral cavity Functions of stratified cuboidalBarrier<br>Conduit Locations of stratified cuboidalSweat gland ducts<br>Large ducts of exo<br>Anorectal jxn Functions of stratified columnarBarrier<br>Conduit Locations of stratified columnarLargest ducks of exo<br>Anorectal jxn Appearance of transitionalumbrella cells Functions of transitionalBarrier<br>Distensible property Microvilli are anchored by theterminal web Stereocilia functionHelps in absorption "In hyperkalemia a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""fraction of Na<sup>+</sup>&nbsp;channels"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> open and close but never reset""In hyperkalemia a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">fraction of Na<sup>+</sup> channels</span> open and close but never reset<br> " "Hypokalemia has <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""lower"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> excitability""Hypokalemia has <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">lower</span> excitability<br> " "In hypokalemia the AP threshold is decreased because of a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""lower RMP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""In hypokalemia the AP threshold is decreased because of a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">lower RMP</span><br> " "In hypokalemia the RMP is lower because <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""there is reduced levels of K<sup>+</sup>&nbsp;in the ECF"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""In hypokalemia the RMP is lower because <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">there is reduced levels of K<sup>+</sup> in the ECF</span><br> " "DNA backbone is linked through <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""phosphodiester bonds"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""DNA backbone is linked through <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">phosphodiester bonds</span><br> " "A-type DNA is DNA that is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dehydrated"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""A-type DNA is DNA that is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dehydrated</span><br> " "Azidothymidine and Didanosine are analogs that lack <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">3'OH group</span> and has an affinity for <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""reverse transcriptase"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""Azidothymidine and Didanosine are analogs that lack <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">3'OH group</span> and has an affinity for <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">reverse transcriptase</span><br> " "Azidothymidine and Didanosine are analogs that lack <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""3'OH group"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and has an affinity for <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">reverse transcriptase</span>""Azidothymidine and Didanosine are analogs that lack <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">3'OH group</span> and has an affinity for <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">reverse transcriptase</span><br> " "Acyclovir is a potent inhibitor of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""viral DNA polymerase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Acyclovir is a potent inhibitor of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">viral DNA polymerase</span><br> " "Tenofovir is a potent <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""reverse transcriptase inhibitor"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Tenofovir is a potent <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">reverse transcriptase inhibitor</span><br> " "Acyclovir and Tenofovir both have an <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""open chain"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> structure""Acyclovir and Tenofovir both have an <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">open chain</span> structure<br> " "Cytosine arabinoside and Adenosine arabinoside inhibits the activity of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""DNA polymerase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Cytosine arabinoside and Adenosine arabinoside inhibits the activity of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">DNA polymerase</span><br> " "5-axa-2'-deoxycytdine and 5-azacytidine disrupt the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""epigentic process of DNA methylation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""5-axa-2'-deoxycytdine and 5-azacytidine disrupt the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">epigentic process of DNA methylation</span><br> " "5-flourouracil converted to FdUMP inhibits <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""thymidylate kinase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""5-flourouracil converted to FdUMP inhibits <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">thymidylate kinase</span><br> " "Azathioprine metabolized to 6-mercaptopurine suppresses <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""rejection during organ tansplantation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Azathioprine metabolized to 6-mercaptopurine suppresses <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">rejection during organ tansplantation</span><br> " "Allopurinol inhibits <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""xanthine oxidase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Allopurinol inhibits <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">xanthine oxidase</span><br> " Nucleosome proteinsH2A, H2B, H3 and H4 Nucleosomes are connected together bylinker DNA and H1 "Heterochromatin formations is done through <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""DNA methylation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Heterochromatin formations is done through <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">DNA methylation</span><br> " "DNA methylation is the modification of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cytosine to 5-methyl-cytosine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""DNA methylation is the modification of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">cytosine to 5-methyl-cytosine</span><br> " Steps of forming heterochromatin through DNA methylationDnmt3 methylates unmethylated DNA<br>MeCP2 recruites HDAC1<br>HDAC1 deacetylates histones<br>Heterochromatin is formed "Acetylation allows for an <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""open"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> conformation of chromatin""Acetylation allows for an <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">open</span> conformation of chromatin<br> " "Prokaryotic DNA packaging is through <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""supercoiling"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Prokaryotic DNA packaging is through <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">supercoiling</span><br> " "Prokaryotic supercoiling is done through 2 enzymes: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""DNA topoisomerase I and DNA gyrase associated with HU proteins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Prokaryotic supercoiling is done through 2 enzymes: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">DNA topoisomerase I and DNA gyrase associated with HU proteins</span><br> " "Negative supercoiling promotes <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""strand separation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Negative supercoiling promotes <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">strand separation</span><br> " "Positive supercoiling makes <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""DNA strand separation more difficult"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Positive supercoiling makes <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">DNA strand separation more difficult</span><br> " "Ciprofloxacin inhibits <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""DNA gyrase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Ciprofloxacin inhibits <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">DNA gyrase</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Topoisomerase I"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> transiently forms a single covalent bond with the DNA and breaking a phosphodiester bonds""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Topoisomerase I</span> transiently forms a single covalent bond with the DNA and breaking a phosphodiester bonds<br> " Supercoiling DNA is important for 3 reasons:More compact<br>Negative strand separation<br>Positive prevent separation "For every <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""10"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> bps that are replicated during DNA replication there is a corresponding introduction of a + supercoil""For every <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">10</span> bps that are replicated during DNA replication there is a corresponding introduction of a + supercoil<br> " "Topoisomerase II breaks <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""both strands of the DNA"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Topoisomerase II breaks <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">both strands of the DNA</span><br> " "Telomerase binds to the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""3'OH end"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> of the left over strand to produce replicating ends called telomeres""Telomerase binds to the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">3'OH end</span> of the left over strand to produce replicating ends called telomeres<br> " 3 surface domains of epitheliumApical<br>Lateral<br>Basal "Transmembrane proteins of occluding jxn complexes are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""claudins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""occludins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Transmembrane proteins of occluding jxn complexes are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">claudins</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">occludins</span><br> " "Zonula occludens separates the luminal space from the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""intercellular space"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""connective tissue compartment"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Zonula occludens separates the luminal space from the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">intercellular space</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">connective tissue compartment</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Zonula adherens"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a continuous band that surrounds the entire cell beneath zonula occludens""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Zonula adherens</span> is a continuous band that surrounds the entire cell beneath zonula occludens<br> " "Zonula adherens transmembrane protein is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""E-cadherin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Zonula adherens transmembrane protein is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">E-cadherin</span><br> " "Zonula adherens interacts with the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""actin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> cytoskeleton""Zonula adherens interacts with the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">actin</span> cytoskeleton<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Macula adherens"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are spots found under the zonula adherens""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Macula adherens</span> are spots found under the zonula adherens<br> " "Macula adherens transmembrane protein are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""desmocollin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> & <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""desmoglein"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Macula adherens transmembrane protein are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">desmocollin</span> & <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">desmoglein</span><br> " "Macula adherens intracellular plaque are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""plakoglobins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> & <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""desmoplakins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Macula adherens intracellular plaque are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">plakoglobins</span> & <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">desmoplakins</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Lateral interdigitations"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are infoldings of cytoplasmic processes of adjoining cells""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Lateral interdigitations</span> are infoldings of cytoplasmic processes of adjoining cells<br> " "Lateral interdigitations are common in cells <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""engaged in fluid and electrolyte transport"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Lateral interdigitations are common in cells <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">engaged in fluid and electrolyte transport</span><br> " "Focal adhesions are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""anchoring jxnl complexes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Focal adhesions are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">anchoring jxnl complexes</span><br> " "Focal adhesion link between <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""actin microfilaments"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> of cytoskeleton and ECM""Focal adhesion link between <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">actin microfilaments</span> of cytoskeleton and ECM<br> " "Focal adhesion transmembrane proteins are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""integrins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Focal adhesion transmembrane proteins are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">integrins</span><br> " "Hemidesmosomes <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cannot"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> be seen in light microscopes""Hemidesmosomes <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">cannot</span> be seen in light microscopes<br> " "Transmembrane proteins of hemidesmosomes are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""integrins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Transmembrane proteins of hemidesmosomes are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">integrins</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Bullous pemphigoid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>: disease characterized by blister formation at epithelium attachment to basement membrane due to dysfunctioning hemidesmosomes""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Bullous pemphigoid</span>: disease characterized by blister formation at epithelium attachment to basement membrane due to dysfunctioning hemidesmosomes<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Basal infoldings"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> increase the surface area of the basal domain""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Basal infoldings</span> increase the surface area of the basal domain<br> " "Basal infoldings allow for more <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""transport proteins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""channels"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> to be present""Basal infoldings allow for more <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">transport proteins</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">channels</span> to be present<br> " "Basal infoldings are well developed in cells performing <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""active transport of molecules"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Basal infoldings are well developed in cells performing <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">active transport of molecules</span><br> " "Mitochondira arrange <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""vertically"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in the basal infoldings""Mitochondira arrange <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">vertically</span> in the basal infoldings<br> " "Basement membrane cannot be visualize with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""e<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;microscope"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Basement membrane cannot be visualize with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">e<sup>-</sup> microscope</span><br> " "Basement membrane is thick in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""respiratory epithelium"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Basement membrane is thick in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">respiratory epithelium</span><br> " "Basal lamina cannot be visualized with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""light microscope"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Basal lamina cannot be visualized with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">light microscope</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Basal lamina"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the structural attachment site for overlying epithelial cells and underlying connective tissue""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Basal lamina</span> is the structural attachment site for overlying epithelial cells and underlying connective tissue<br> " "Basal lamina is called the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""external lamina"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in nonepithelial cells""Basal lamina is called the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">external lamina</span> in nonepithelial cells<br> " Composition of basal laminaLaminins<br>Type IV collagen<br>Proteoglycans & Glycoproteins 2 layers of the basal laminaLamina Lucida (rara)<br>Lamina densa (e dense) "Basal lamina of kidney glomerulus has a role in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""filtration"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Basal lamina of kidney glomerulus has a role in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">filtration</span><br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a460b9d04d984bf59752591e1a94d5f0-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2v7nkf6y.png""></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img 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original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a460b9d04d984bf59752591e1a94d5f0-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2v7nkf6y.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = 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Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a460b9d04d984bf59752591e1a94d5f0-ao-5-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2v7nkf6y.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before 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mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a460b9d04d984bf59752591e1a94d5f0-ao-6-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2v7nkf6y.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a460b9d04d984bf59752591e1a94d5f0-ao-6-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2v7nkf6y.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Exocrine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> glands secrete onto a surface directly or through ducts that are connected to surface""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Exocrine</span> glands secrete onto a surface directly or through ducts that are connected to surface<br> " 3 release mechanisms of exocrine glandsMerocrine<br>Apocrine<br>Holocrine "Merocrine is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""exocytosis of membrane-bound vesicles"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Merocrine is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">exocytosis of membrane-bound vesicles</span><br> " "Apocrine is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""product released at apical surface surrounded by envelope of plasma membrane"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Apocrine is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">product released at apical surface surrounded by envelope of plasma membrane</span><br> " "Holocrine is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""programmed cell death release"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Holocrine is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">programmed cell death release</span><br> " "Paracrine is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""nearby cells"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Paracrine is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">nearby cells</span><br> " "Autocrine is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""same cell"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Autocrine is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">same cell</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Serous"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> secretion is watery fluid""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Serous</span> secretion is watery fluid<br> " "Serous nuclei is typically <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""round"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Serous nuclei is typically <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">round</span><br> " "Serous cytoplasm is filled with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""zymogen granules"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Serous cytoplasm is filled with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">zymogen granules</span><br> " "Mucous glands nuclei are typically <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""flatted"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Mucous glands nuclei are typically <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">flatted</span><br> " What enzyme can use RNA to synthesize new DNATelomerase Components required for the synthesis of DNAFour dNTPs<br>Fragment of DNA<br>DNA polymerase<br>Mg<sup>2+</sup><br>Primer providing free 3'-OH "DNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""phosphodiester bond"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> between the 3' OH group and 5'""DNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">phosphodiester bond</span> between the 3' OH group and 5'<br> " "Zidovudine, Acyclovir, and Didanosine acts by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""terminating ds DNA chain elongation due to lack of 3'OH"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Zidovudine, Acyclovir, and Didanosine acts by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">terminating ds DNA chain elongation due to lack of 3'OH</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Tenofovir diphosphate"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> competes with deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate for incorporation into newly forming HIV DNA""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Tenofovir diphosphate</span> competes with deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate for incorporation into newly forming HIV DNA<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Cytosine arabinoside"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> acts as an acceptor to further chain elongation, but due to secondary OH group, elongation is prevented due to stereo restraints""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Cytosine arabinoside</span> acts as an acceptor to further chain elongation, but due to secondary OH group, elongation is prevented due to stereo restraints<br> " "Bacteriophage and plasmids that have a DNA genome utilizes <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""rolling circle"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> replication""Bacteriophage and plasmids that have a DNA genome utilizes <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">rolling circle</span> replication<br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""978cd91924d64bbdbeb667f335f1c212-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpumx_1sl8.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""978cd91924d64bbdbeb667f335f1c212-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpumx_1sl8.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""978cd91924d64bbdbeb667f335f1c212-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpumx_1sl8.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""978cd91924d64bbdbeb667f335f1c212-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpumx_1sl8.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""978cd91924d64bbdbeb667f335f1c212-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpumx_1sl8.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""978cd91924d64bbdbeb667f335f1c212-ao-3-A.svg""></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpumx_1sl8.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""978cd91924d64bbdbeb667f335f1c212-ao-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpumx_1sl8.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""978cd91924d64bbdbeb667f335f1c212-ao-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpumx_1sl8.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""978cd91924d64bbdbeb667f335f1c212-ao-5-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpumx_1sl8.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""978cd91924d64bbdbeb667f335f1c212-ao-5-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpumx_1sl8.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""978cd91924d64bbdbeb667f335f1c212-ao-6-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpumx_1sl8.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""978cd91924d64bbdbeb667f335f1c212-ao-6-A.svg""></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpumx_1sl8.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""978cd91924d64bbdbeb667f335f1c212-ao-7-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpumx_1sl8.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""978cd91924d64bbdbeb667f335f1c212-ao-7-A.svg""></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpumx_1sl8.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "OriC contains DNA sequences that are rich in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""A-T"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""OriC contains DNA sequences that are rich in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">A-T</span><br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""7e62a4f6c27c49888a0993baaeea0acd-oa-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp9ym7x_ib.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""7e62a4f6c27c49888a0993baaeea0acd-oa-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp9ym7x_ib.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""7e62a4f6c27c49888a0993baaeea0acd-oa-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp9ym7x_ib.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""7e62a4f6c27c49888a0993baaeea0acd-oa-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp9ym7x_ib.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""7e62a4f6c27c49888a0993baaeea0acd-oa-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp9ym7x_ib.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""7e62a4f6c27c49888a0993baaeea0acd-oa-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp9ym7x_ib.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""7e62a4f6c27c49888a0993baaeea0acd-oa-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp9ym7x_ib.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""7e62a4f6c27c49888a0993baaeea0acd-oa-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp9ym7x_ib.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""7e62a4f6c27c49888a0993baaeea0acd-oa-5-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp9ym7x_ib.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""7e62a4f6c27c49888a0993baaeea0acd-oa-5-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp9ym7x_ib.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""DNA Polymerase III"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> synthesizes Okazaki fragment""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">DNA Polymerase III</span> synthesizes Okazaki fragment<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""DNA Poly I"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> removes the RNA primer""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">DNA Poly I</span> removes the RNA primer<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""DNA ligase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> joins Okazaki fragments""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">DNA ligase</span> joins Okazaki fragments<br> " "Ligase utilizes <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ATP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> as the energy source""Ligase utilizes <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ATP</span> as the energy source<br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""6e681a6509684e0795256eb3e4f682a8-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp_zi6yieg.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""6e681a6509684e0795256eb3e4f682a8-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp_zi6yieg.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""DNA gyrase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> introduces negative supercoils""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">DNA gyrase</span> introduces negative supercoils<br> " "Ciprofloxacin is a quinolone drug that inhibits <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""bacterial DNA gyrase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Ciprofloxacin is a quinolone drug that inhibits <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">bacterial DNA gyrase</span><br> " "Ciprofloxacin is used to treat <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""RI's, UTI, and anthrax"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Ciprofloxacin is used to treat <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">RI's, UTI, and anthrax</span><br> " "In eukaryotes RNA primer is removed by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""RNAaseH"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""FEN1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""In eukaryotes RNA primer is removed by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">RNAaseH</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">FEN1</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Polymerase&nbsp;α"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> synthesizes RNA primer on leading and lagging strands in eukaryotes""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Polymerase α</span> synthesizes RNA primer on leading and lagging strands in eukaryotes<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Polymerase&nbsp;δ"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> synthesizes DNA from leading and lagging strands in eukaryotes and has proofreading activity""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Polymerase δ</span> synthesizes DNA from leading and lagging strands in eukaryotes and has proofreading activity<br> " "Camptothecin binds to and inhibits <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""topoisomerase I"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> activity breaking the DNA""Camptothecin binds to and inhibits <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">topoisomerase I</span> activity breaking the DNA<br> " "Etoposide, an anticancer drug, inhibits the activity of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""topoisomerase II"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Etoposide, an anticancer drug, inhibits the activity of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">topoisomerase II</span><br> " "Both the ZO and ZA interact with the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""actin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> cystoskeleton""Both the ZO and ZA interact with the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">actin</span> cystoskeleton<br> " "2 cell stage happens at <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""30"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> hrs""2 cell stage happens at <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">30</span> hrs<br> " "4  cell stage happens at <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""40"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> hrs""4  cell stage happens at <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">40</span> hrs<br> " "8 cell stage happens at <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""2.5"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> days""8 cell stage happens at <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">2.5</span> days<br> " "Days 4-6 the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""blastocystic cavity"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> appears""Days 4-6 the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">blastocystic cavity</span> appears<br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-5-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-5-A.svg""></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-6-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-6-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-7-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-7-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-8-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-8-A.svg""></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-9-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-9-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-10-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-10-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-11-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-11-A.svg""></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-12-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-12-A.svg""></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-13-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-13-A.svg""></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-14-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-14-A.svg""></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-15-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-15-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-16-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a2196e6c41eb406181e195f2a6ee83bf-oa-16-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp27nzizl3.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "RNA polymerase does not need a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""primer"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""RNA polymerase does not need a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">primer</span><br> " "RNA polymerase also has <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""helicase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> activity""RNA polymerase also has <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">helicase</span> activity<br> " "DNA strand serving as the template for transcription is called the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""antisense strand"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""DNA strand serving as the template for transcription is called the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">antisense strand</span><br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""d87c61f5999a4c46b0bd98637a4e1131-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpmhd40_cy.png""></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""d87c61f5999a4c46b0bd98637a4e1131-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpmhd40_cy.png""></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "Prokaryotic promoter sequences are generally found at <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""-35 and -10"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>bp from the transcription start site""Prokaryotic promoter sequences are generally found at <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">-35 and -10</span>bp from the transcription start site<br> " "Prokaryote -10 consensus sequence is called the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""pribnow box"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Prokaryote -10 consensus sequence is called the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">pribnow box</span><br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a80af0d12b7a4ec08c42b9e79b10b821-oa-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwl52ouu2.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a80af0d12b7a4ec08c42b9e79b10b821-oa-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwl52ouu2.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a80af0d12b7a4ec08c42b9e79b10b821-oa-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwl52ouu2.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a80af0d12b7a4ec08c42b9e79b10b821-oa-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwl52ouu2.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a80af0d12b7a4ec08c42b9e79b10b821-oa-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwl52ouu2.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a80af0d12b7a4ec08c42b9e79b10b821-oa-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwl52ouu2.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""aaf46fa44fc047b886df16a25106bb00-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp34zdsmvc.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""aaf46fa44fc047b886df16a25106bb00-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp34zdsmvc.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""aaf46fa44fc047b886df16a25106bb00-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp34zdsmvc.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""aaf46fa44fc047b886df16a25106bb00-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp34zdsmvc.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""aaf46fa44fc047b886df16a25106bb00-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp34zdsmvc.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""aaf46fa44fc047b886df16a25106bb00-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp34zdsmvc.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""aaf46fa44fc047b886df16a25106bb00-ao-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp34zdsmvc.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""aaf46fa44fc047b886df16a25106bb00-ao-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp34zdsmvc.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""aaf46fa44fc047b886df16a25106bb00-ao-5-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp34zdsmvc.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""aaf46fa44fc047b886df16a25106bb00-ao-5-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp34zdsmvc.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""aaf46fa44fc047b886df16a25106bb00-ao-6-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp34zdsmvc.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""aaf46fa44fc047b886df16a25106bb00-ao-6-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp34zdsmvc.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7d7e7cc5304417c95870ac8bd689fe1-oa-7-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmparrtcfnm.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7d7e7cc5304417c95870ac8bd689fe1-oa-7-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmparrtcfnm.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7d7e7cc5304417c95870ac8bd689fe1-oa-8-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmparrtcfnm.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7d7e7cc5304417c95870ac8bd689fe1-oa-8-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmparrtcfnm.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7d7e7cc5304417c95870ac8bd689fe1-oa-9-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmparrtcfnm.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7d7e7cc5304417c95870ac8bd689fe1-oa-9-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmparrtcfnm.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7d7e7cc5304417c95870ac8bd689fe1-oa-10-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmparrtcfnm.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7d7e7cc5304417c95870ac8bd689fe1-oa-10-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmparrtcfnm.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7d7e7cc5304417c95870ac8bd689fe1-oa-11-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmparrtcfnm.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7d7e7cc5304417c95870ac8bd689fe1-oa-11-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmparrtcfnm.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7d7e7cc5304417c95870ac8bd689fe1-oa-12-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmparrtcfnm.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7d7e7cc5304417c95870ac8bd689fe1-oa-12-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmparrtcfnm.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""CTD"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">CTD</span> is the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase<br> " "Basal transcriptional machinery is sufficient for only a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""low level of transcription"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Basal transcriptional machinery is sufficient for only a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">low level of transcription</span><br> " "Increased levels of transcription is mediated through binding of an <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""activator"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""mediator"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Increased levels of transcription is mediated through binding of an <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">activator</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">mediator</span><br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""7fce83ff66cf45598ea52c784a502bc2-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2nouz6wy.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""7fce83ff66cf45598ea52c784a502bc2-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2nouz6wy.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e2e7a1d03d21403cb6f2b8e6fa800a6f-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2bajc0hp.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e2e7a1d03d21403cb6f2b8e6fa800a6f-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2bajc0hp.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""f809e47093b943a2b5dd9032caeacfe4-oa-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpw51i06y9.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""f809e47093b943a2b5dd9032caeacfe4-oa-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpw51i06y9.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""f809e47093b943a2b5dd9032caeacfe4-oa-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpw51i06y9.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""f809e47093b943a2b5dd9032caeacfe4-oa-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpw51i06y9.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""f809e47093b943a2b5dd9032caeacfe4-oa-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpw51i06y9.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""f809e47093b943a2b5dd9032caeacfe4-oa-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpw51i06y9.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""f809e47093b943a2b5dd9032caeacfe4-oa-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpw51i06y9.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""f809e47093b943a2b5dd9032caeacfe4-oa-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpw51i06y9.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "Rifampin inhibits initiation of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""transcription"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Rifampin inhibits initiation of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">transcription</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Rifampin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> inhibits intiation of transcription by blocking formation of the first phosphodiester bond by binding to prokaryote RNA polymerase""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Rifampin</span> inhibits intiation of transcription by blocking formation of the first phosphodiester bond by binding to prokaryote RNA polymerase<br> " "Rifampin is used to treat <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""TB"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Rifampin is used to treat <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">TB</span><br> " "Amanita phalloides produces alpha-amantin which is a potent inhibitor of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""RNA poly II"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Amanita phalloides produces alpha-amantin which is a potent inhibitor of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">RNA poly II</span><br> " "Actinomycin D binds tightly to ds DNA preventing <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ssDNA production"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Actinomycin D binds tightly to ds DNA preventing <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ssDNA production</span><br> " "Actinomycin D inhibits <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""transcription and replication"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes""Actinomycin D inhibits <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">transcription and replication</span> in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes<br> " " <div id=""io-header"">Tonicity</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""741c9a1a6a7f433388aafed2bf76a7c6-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpzf4c4wpq.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header"">Tonicity</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""741c9a1a6a7f433388aafed2bf76a7c6-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpzf4c4wpq.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header"">Tonicity</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""741c9a1a6a7f433388aafed2bf76a7c6-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpzf4c4wpq.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header"">Tonicity</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""741c9a1a6a7f433388aafed2bf76a7c6-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpzf4c4wpq.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header"">Tonicity</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""741c9a1a6a7f433388aafed2bf76a7c6-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpzf4c4wpq.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header"">Tonicity</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""741c9a1a6a7f433388aafed2bf76a7c6-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpzf4c4wpq.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header"">Tonicity</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""741c9a1a6a7f433388aafed2bf76a7c6-ao-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpzf4c4wpq.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header"">Tonicity</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""741c9a1a6a7f433388aafed2bf76a7c6-ao-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpzf4c4wpq.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header"">Tonicity</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""741c9a1a6a7f433388aafed2bf76a7c6-ao-5-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpzf4c4wpq.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header"">Tonicity</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""741c9a1a6a7f433388aafed2bf76a7c6-ao-5-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpzf4c4wpq.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header"">Tonicity</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""741c9a1a6a7f433388aafed2bf76a7c6-ao-6-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpzf4c4wpq.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header"">Tonicity</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""741c9a1a6a7f433388aafed2bf76a7c6-ao-6-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpzf4c4wpq.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header"">Tonicity</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""741c9a1a6a7f433388aafed2bf76a7c6-ao-7-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpzf4c4wpq.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header"">Tonicity</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""741c9a1a6a7f433388aafed2bf76a7c6-ao-7-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpzf4c4wpq.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header"">Tonicity</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""741c9a1a6a7f433388aafed2bf76a7c6-ao-8-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpzf4c4wpq.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header"">Tonicity</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""741c9a1a6a7f433388aafed2bf76a7c6-ao-8-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpzf4c4wpq.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header"">Tonicity</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""741c9a1a6a7f433388aafed2bf76a7c6-ao-9-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpzf4c4wpq.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header"">Tonicity</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""741c9a1a6a7f433388aafed2bf76a7c6-ao-9-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpzf4c4wpq.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "SGLT2 inhibitors are used to treat <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""diabetes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""SGLT2 inhibitors are used to treat <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">diabetes</span><br> " "The 5' and 3' end of bacterial mRNA are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""unmodified"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The 5' and 3' end of bacterial mRNA are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">unmodified</span><br> " "RNA polymerase II carries a set of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""pre-mRNA processing proteins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> on its c-terminal tail""RNA polymerase II carries a set of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">pre-mRNA processing proteins</span> on its c-terminal tail<br> " "Transfer of RNA processing proteins begins after approximately <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""25 nucleotides"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> of the mRNA are produced""Transfer of RNA processing proteins begins after approximately <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">25 nucleotides</span> of the mRNA are produced<br> " Capping of the 5' end of mRNA is performed by 4 enzymes:Phosphatase<br>Guanylyl transferase<br>Guanine-7-methyl transferase<br>2'-O-methyl transferase " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""476bd16863354da68d5d6b18e35cbc89-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp3dbk2v6a.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""476bd16863354da68d5d6b18e35cbc89-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp3dbk2v6a.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""476bd16863354da68d5d6b18e35cbc89-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp3dbk2v6a.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""476bd16863354da68d5d6b18e35cbc89-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp3dbk2v6a.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""476bd16863354da68d5d6b18e35cbc89-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp3dbk2v6a.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""476bd16863354da68d5d6b18e35cbc89-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp3dbk2v6a.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""476bd16863354da68d5d6b18e35cbc89-ao-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp3dbk2v6a.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""476bd16863354da68d5d6b18e35cbc89-ao-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp3dbk2v6a.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "5'-methyl cap helps cell to distinguish between different <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""RNA"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in the cell""5'-methyl cap helps cell to distinguish between different <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">RNA</span> in the cell<br> " "During 5' capping, mRNA is exported in complexes that contain a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Cap Binding Complex"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""During 5' capping, mRNA is exported in complexes that contain a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Cap Binding Complex</span><br> " "CBC on 5' capping is replaced by the translation factors <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""eIF-4E"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> & <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""eIF-4G"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""CBC on 5' capping is replaced by the translation factors <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">eIF-4E</span> & <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">eIF-4G</span><br> " "To prevent 5' degradation CBC & eIF-4E/eIF-4G block the access of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""decapping"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> enzymes to the cap""To prevent 5' degradation CBC & eIF-4E/eIF-4G block the access of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">decapping</span> enzymes to the cap<br> " Modification of 3' end is accomplished by 3 enzymesCleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor<br>Cleavage stimulating factor<br>Cleavage factors "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Cleavage polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF)"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> binds to the hexamer AAUAAA""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Cleavage polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF)</span> binds to the hexamer AAUAAA<br> " "Cleavage stimulating factor F (CstF) binds to the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""GU-rich element"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> beyond cleavage site""Cleavage stimulating factor F (CstF) binds to the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">GU-rich element</span> beyond cleavage site<br> " "Cleavage factors bind to the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""CA"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> sequence at the cleavage site""Cleavage factors bind to the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">CA</span> sequence at the cleavage site<br> " "The 5' end of the intron consensus sequence is always <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""GU"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The 5' end of the intron consensus sequence is always <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">GU</span><br> " "The 3' end of the intron consensus sequence is always <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""AG"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The 3' end of the intron consensus sequence is always <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">AG</span><br> " "U2, 5, 6 interact to bring neighboring exons into correct alignment allowing for <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""two transesterification reactions"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> to occur""U2, 5, 6 interact to bring neighboring exons into correct alignment allowing for <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">two transesterification reactions</span> to occur<br> " "SLE is a condition that negatively affects the components of the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""spliceosome"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""SLE is a condition that negatively affects the components of the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">spliceosome</span><br> " "SLE patients possess antibodies that react against their own nuclear proteins such as <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""U1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""histones"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""topoisomerase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""SLE patients possess antibodies that react against their own nuclear proteins such as <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">U1</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">histones</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">topoisomerase</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""60"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>% of human genes are spliced in alternative ways""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">60</span>% of human genes are spliced in alternative ways<br> " "Alternative splicing can occur due to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""intron sequence ambiguity"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Alternative splicing can occur due to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">intron sequence ambiguity</span><br> " "Many individuals with β-thalassemia have mutations in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""β-globin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> gene that generate additional splice sites""Many individuals with β-thalassemia have mutations in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">β-globin</span> gene that generate additional splice sites<br> " "Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy possess a mutation in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""calpain-3 gene"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span> that generates a new splice site within exon <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">16</span>""Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy possess a mutation in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">calpain-3 gene</span> that generates a new splice site within exon <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">16</span><br> " "Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy possess a mutation in the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">calpain-3 gene</span> that generates a new splice site within exon <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""16"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy possess a mutation in the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">calpain-3 gene</span> that generates a new splice site within exon <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">16</span><br> " What are the two types of RNA editingA-I<br>C-U "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""RNA editing"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a process in which information changes at the level of mRNA""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">RNA editing</span> is a process in which information changes at the level of mRNA<br> " "In intestines, apo-B mRNA is edited so that a <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">premature stop codon</span> is produced leading to the synthesis of the shorter Apo-B48 which is accomplished by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cytidine deaminase enzyme"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""In intestines, apo-B mRNA is edited so that a <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">premature stop codon</span> is produced leading to the synthesis of the shorter Apo-B48 which is accomplished by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">cytidine deaminase enzyme</span><br> " "In intestines, apo-B mRNA is edited so that a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""premature stop codon"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is produced leading to the synthesis of the shorter Apo-B48 which is accomplished by <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">cytidine deaminase enzyme</span>""In intestines, apo-B mRNA is edited so that a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">premature stop codon</span> is produced leading to the synthesis of the shorter Apo-B48 which is accomplished by <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">cytidine deaminase enzyme</span><br> " "Editing of the glutamate receptor involves a single base change from <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">A to I</span> resulting in glutamine to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""arginine"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""Editing of the glutamate receptor involves a single base change from <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">A to I</span> resulting in glutamine to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">arginine</span><br> " "Editing of the glutamate receptor involves a single base change from <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""A to I"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> resulting in glutamine to <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">arginine</span>""Editing of the glutamate receptor involves a single base change from <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">A to I</span> resulting in glutamine to <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">arginine</span><br> " "Editing of the glutamate receptor alters <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Ca<sup>2+</sup>&nbsp;permeability"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and is required for <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">proper brain development</span>""Editing of the glutamate receptor alters <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Ca<sup>2+</sup> permeability</span> and is required for <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">proper brain development</span><br> " "Editing of the glutamate receptor alters <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Ca<sup>2+</sup> permeability</span> and is required for <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""proper brain development"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""Editing of the glutamate receptor alters <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Ca<sup>2+</sup> permeability</span> and is required for <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">proper brain development</span><br> " "Editing of the glutamate receptor is accomplished by the enzyme <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""adenosine deaminase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Editing of the glutamate receptor is accomplished by the enzyme <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">adenosine deaminase</span><br> " "Paliondromic regions form hairpins that include <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""G-C"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> rich region""Paliondromic regions form hairpins that include <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">G-C</span> rich region<br> " Stages of cell cycle in orderG<sub>1</sub> - G<sub>0</sub><br>S<br>G<sub>2</sub><br>M " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""9c014aa6f47d42308bed6e04a39cb4b2-oa-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0sfch2o9.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""9c014aa6f47d42308bed6e04a39cb4b2-oa-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0sfch2o9.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""9c014aa6f47d42308bed6e04a39cb4b2-oa-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0sfch2o9.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""9c014aa6f47d42308bed6e04a39cb4b2-oa-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0sfch2o9.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""9c014aa6f47d42308bed6e04a39cb4b2-oa-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0sfch2o9.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""9c014aa6f47d42308bed6e04a39cb4b2-oa-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0sfch2o9.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""9c014aa6f47d42308bed6e04a39cb4b2-oa-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0sfch2o9.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""9c014aa6f47d42308bed6e04a39cb4b2-oa-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0sfch2o9.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " p53 causesCell cycle arrest or activation of G<sub>1</sub>-S checkpont<br>Activates DNA repair systems "During <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""prophase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> nuclear envelope dissolves, mitotic spindle forms, chromosomes condense but are visible, and chromosomes bind to spindle""During <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">prophase</span> nuclear envelope dissolves, mitotic spindle forms, chromosomes condense but are visible, and chromosomes bind to spindle<br> " "During <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""metaphase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> chromosomes condense and are maximally visible, chromosomes align at equator, karyotyping occurs, and microtubules attach to centromere""During <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">metaphase</span> chromosomes condense and are maximally visible, chromosomes align at equator, karyotyping occurs, and microtubules attach to centromere<br> " "During <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""anaphase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> sister chromatids move to centriole, separation of sister chromatids, and non-disjunction can occur""During <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">anaphase</span> sister chromatids move to centriole, separation of sister chromatids, and non-disjunction can occur<br> " "Non-disjunction, while occuring in anaphase, generally occurs during <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""embyrogenesis"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Non-disjunction, while occuring in anaphase, generally occurs during <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">embyrogenesis</span><br> " "When sister chromatids of chromosome fail to separate <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""aneuploidy"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> occurs in daughter cells""When sister chromatids of chromosome fail to separate <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">aneuploidy</span> occurs in daughter cells<br> " "Aneuploidy results in the fetus being <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""mosaic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Aneuploidy results in the fetus being <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">mosaic</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Mosaicism"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is when there are two or more populations of cells with different genotypes in an individual""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Mosaicism</span> is when there are two or more populations of cells with different genotypes in an individual<br> " "Gametes of meiosis are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""haploid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Gametes of meiosis are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">haploid</span><br> " "Homologous recombination occurs during <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""prophase-I"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Homologous recombination occurs during <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">prophase-I</span><br> " "During meiosis 1 <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""homologous chromosomes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> separate""During meiosis 1 <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">homologous chromosomes</span> separate<br> " "During meiosis II <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""sister chromatids"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> separate""During meiosis II <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">sister chromatids</span> separate<br> " "Random segregation of homologous chromosomes occurs during <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""anaphase I"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Random segregation of homologous chromosomes occurs during <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">anaphase I</span><br> " "If child has copy of 1 and copy of 2 from parent it is due to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""meiosis 1 non-disjuction"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""If child has copy of 1 and copy of 2 from parent it is due to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">meiosis 1 non-disjuction</span><br> " "If child has two copies of marker 1, then non-disjunction occurs during meiosis <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""II"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""If child has two copies of marker 1, then non-disjunction occurs during meiosis <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">II</span><br> " "When both copies of genes comes from one parent it is called <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""uniparental disomy"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""When both copies of genes comes from one parent it is called <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">uniparental disomy</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Imprinted gene"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> occurs when one copy of a gene is methylated and inactive""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Imprinted gene</span> occurs when one copy of a gene is methylated and inactive<br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""36e3d781baa1453686cf0f4192cf88bb-oa-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmppmm2d0l4.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""36e3d781baa1453686cf0f4192cf88bb-oa-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmppmm2d0l4.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""36e3d781baa1453686cf0f4192cf88bb-oa-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmppmm2d0l4.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""36e3d781baa1453686cf0f4192cf88bb-oa-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmppmm2d0l4.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""bedc8dfa06db46348541389f902eeafc-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp7mdvxdw_.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""bedc8dfa06db46348541389f902eeafc-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp7mdvxdw_.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""bedc8dfa06db46348541389f902eeafc-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp7mdvxdw_.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""bedc8dfa06db46348541389f902eeafc-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp7mdvxdw_.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""bedc8dfa06db46348541389f902eeafc-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp7mdvxdw_.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""bedc8dfa06db46348541389f902eeafc-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp7mdvxdw_.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""c6f07fe4208d47d3ae6b3fcbe76c2088-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprs9bvhuw.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""c6f07fe4208d47d3ae6b3fcbe76c2088-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprs9bvhuw.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""c6f07fe4208d47d3ae6b3fcbe76c2088-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprs9bvhuw.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""c6f07fe4208d47d3ae6b3fcbe76c2088-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprs9bvhuw.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "Male meiosis produces <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""4"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> sperm cells per round""Male meiosis produces <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">4</span> sperm cells per round<br> " "Primary oocytes arrest at <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""prophase I"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> of meiosis at birth""Primary oocytes arrest at <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">prophase I</span> of meiosis at birth<br> " "If maternal or paternal age increased there's a higher risk of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""non-disjunction"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""If maternal or paternal age increased there's a higher risk of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">non-disjunction</span><br> " "At the beginning of meiosis, there are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""46"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> chromosomes and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""92"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> sister chromatids""At the beginning of meiosis, there are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">46</span> chromosomes and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">92</span> sister chromatids<br> " "At the end of meisos I, each cell has <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""23"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> chromosomes & <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""46"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> sister chromatids""At the end of meisos I, each cell has <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">23</span> chromosomes & <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">46</span> sister chromatids<br> " "At the end of meiosis II, there are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""23"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> chromosomes & <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""23"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> chromatids""At the end of meiosis II, there are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">23</span> chromosomes & <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">23</span> chromatids<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Gene silencing"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> occurs at the CpGs islands""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Gene silencing</span> occurs at the CpGs islands<br> " "When a different a.a than intended is encoded this results in a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""missense"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> mutations""When a different a.a than intended is encoded this results in a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">missense</span> mutations<br> " "Loss of entire gene and reduced levels of expression is called <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""haploinsufficiency"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Loss of entire gene and reduced levels of expression is called <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">haploinsufficiency</span><br> " Two types of nuclear coding DNASingle copy genes<br>Multigene families "Extragenic DNA is transcriptionally <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Extragenic DNA is transcriptionally <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">inactive</span><br> " "The shorter the repeat length of extragenic DNA is, the more <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""polymorphic that sequence is"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The shorter the repeat length of extragenic DNA is, the more <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">polymorphic that sequence is</span><br> " "Tandem repeats in extragenic DNA are inherited in a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""co-dominant"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> fashion""Tandem repeats in extragenic DNA are inherited in a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">co-dominant</span> fashion<br> " Main types of DNA variationSNP<br>SSR<br>VNTR<br>LCR "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""SNP's"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> occur with single base pair change between individuals""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">SNP's</span> occur with single base pair change between individuals<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""SSR"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is tandem repeats of 2, 3, or 4 bp repeated many times""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">SSR</span> is tandem repeats of 2, 3, or 4 bp repeated many times<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""VNTR"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is repeats 5, 10, or hundreds of bp repeating many times""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">VNTR</span> is repeats 5, 10, or hundreds of bp repeating many times<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""LCR"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are large versions of VNTRs""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">LCR</span> are large versions of VNTRs<br> " "LCRs may cause <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""mispairing"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> during meiosis and mitosis""LCRs may cause <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">mispairing</span> during meiosis and mitosis<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""LINEs"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are able to make an RNA due to a gene that encodes reverse transcriptase""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">LINEs</span> are able to make an RNA due to a gene that encodes reverse transcriptase<br> " "LINE and SINE may contribute to mutation by leading to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""unequal crossover during meiosis"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""LINE and SINE may contribute to mutation by leading to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">unequal crossover during meiosis</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""SINE"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are ""normal"" RNAs that were converted to DNA by hijacking reverse transcriptase from LINE and are inserted into the genome""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">SINE</span> are ""normal"" RNAs that were converted to DNA by hijacking reverse transcriptase from LINE and are inserted into the genome<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Psuedogenes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> can occur by coping of RNA back to DNA and reinsertion into genome""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Psuedogenes</span> can occur by coping of RNA back to DNA and reinsertion into genome<br> " "Genes are usually <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""absent"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in the telomeres and the centromere""Genes are usually <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">absent</span> in the telomeres and the centromere<br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e953f56f697548649aa31042d62e0f83-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp1im8nml8.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e953f56f697548649aa31042d62e0f83-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp1im8nml8.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e953f56f697548649aa31042d62e0f83-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp1im8nml8.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e953f56f697548649aa31042d62e0f83-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp1im8nml8.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e953f56f697548649aa31042d62e0f83-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp1im8nml8.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e953f56f697548649aa31042d62e0f83-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp1im8nml8.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "Barr bodies are observed when <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""more than 50% of cells paternal/maternal X is inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Barr bodies are observed when <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">more than 50% of cells paternal/maternal X is inactive</span><br> " "X-inactivation is regulated by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""X-inactivation center"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""X-inactivation is regulated by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">X-inactivation center</span><br> " "X-inactivation can lead to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""mosacism"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""X-inactivation can lead to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">mosacism</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""X-inactivation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> can result from the methylation of CG island and histone deacetylation resulting in transcriptional repression""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">X-inactivation</span> can result from the methylation of CG island and histone deacetylation resulting in transcriptional repression<br> " "Huntingtin gene locus is on chromosome <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""4p"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Huntingtin gene locus is on chromosome <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">4p</span><br> " "Beta globin gene cluster is on chromosome <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""11"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Beta globin gene cluster is on chromosome <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">11</span><br> " "Alpha globin gene is on chromosome <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""16"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Alpha globin gene is on chromosome <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">16</span><br> " "MIM number for AD is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""MIM number for AD is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">1</span><br> " "MIM number for AR begins with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""2"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""MIM number for AR begins with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">2</span><br> " "MIM # for x-linked disorders begin with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""3"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""MIM # for x-linked disorders begin with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">3</span><br> " "MIM # for mitochondrial disorders begin with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""5"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""MIM # for mitochondrial disorders begin with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">5</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">Myotonic dystrophy</span> is caused by a triplet repeat expansion in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""DMPK"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> gene""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">Myotonic dystrophy</span> is caused by a triplet repeat expansion in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">DMPK</span> gene<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Myotonic dystrophy"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span> is caused by a triplet repeat expansion in the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">DMPK</span> gene""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">Myotonic dystrophy</span> is caused by a triplet repeat expansion in the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">DMPK</span> gene<br> " "FDFR3 has a 'mutation hot spot', so new mutations are likely to occur <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""de novo"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""FDFR3 has a 'mutation hot spot', so new mutations are likely to occur <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">de novo</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Dominant-negative"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> mutation is when a mutant gene product interferes with the function of the normal gene product""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Dominant-negative</span> mutation is when a mutant gene product interferes with the function of the normal gene product<br> " "Always assume a person with an AD disorder is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""heterozygote"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> genotype""Always assume a person with an AD disorder is a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">heterozygote</span> genotype<br> " "Alpha 1 - antitryspin deficiency is an autosomal <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""recessive"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> disorder""Alpha 1 - antitryspin deficiency is an autosomal <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">recessive</span> disorder<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Recurrence risk"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the probability that the offsprings of a couple will express the genetic disorder""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Recurrence risk</span> is the probability that the offsprings of a couple will express the genetic disorder<br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""63255785cff944d187151a9f4347f48b-oa-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpmjxttlzq.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""63255785cff944d187151a9f4347f48b-oa-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpmjxttlzq.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""63255785cff944d187151a9f4347f48b-oa-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpmjxttlzq.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""63255785cff944d187151a9f4347f48b-oa-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpmjxttlzq.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""63255785cff944d187151a9f4347f48b-oa-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpmjxttlzq.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""63255785cff944d187151a9f4347f48b-oa-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpmjxttlzq.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""63255785cff944d187151a9f4347f48b-oa-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpmjxttlzq.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""63255785cff944d187151a9f4347f48b-oa-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpmjxttlzq.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""63255785cff944d187151a9f4347f48b-oa-5-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpmjxttlzq.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""63255785cff944d187151a9f4347f48b-oa-5-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpmjxttlzq.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "Skipped generations is not common in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""AD"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> disorders""Skipped generations is not common in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">AD</span> disorders<br> " "Familial hypercholesterolemia is due to deficiency of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""LDLR"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Familial hypercholesterolemia is due to deficiency of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">LDLR</span><br> " "Familial hypercholesterolemia is due to a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""haploinsufficiency"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Familial hypercholesterolemia is due to a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">haploinsufficiency</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Huntingons"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a disease resulting from triplet repeat expansion, display anticipation with high penetrance and is a gain of function protein through huntingtin protein""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Huntingons</span> is a disease resulting from triplet repeat expansion, display anticipation with high penetrance and is a gain of function protein through huntingtin protein<br> " "Myotonic dystrophy occurs from a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""gain of function"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> due to a <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">triplet repeat expansion</span>, has anticipation, and pleiotropy""Myotonic dystrophy occurs from a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">gain of function</span> due to a <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">triplet repeat expansion</span>, has anticipation, and pleiotropy<br> " "Myotonic dystrophy occurs from a <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">gain of function</span> due to a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""triplet repeat expansion"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>, has anticipation, and pleiotropy""Myotonic dystrophy occurs from a <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">gain of function</span> due to a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">triplet repeat expansion</span>, has anticipation, and pleiotropy<br> " "Marfan syndrome is due to a mutation in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""FBN1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> gene""Marfan syndrome is due to a mutation in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">FBN1</span> gene<br> " "Marfan Syndrome can be caused by either <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""haploinsifficiency"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> or <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dominant negative"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Marfan Syndrome can be caused by either <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">haploinsifficiency</span> or <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dominant negative</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Osteogenesis imperfecta"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is caused from a mutation in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Osteogenesis imperfecta</span> is caused from a mutation in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes<br> " "OI can be caused by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""haploinsufficiency"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> forms and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dominant negative"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> forms""OI can be caused by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">haploinsufficiency</span> forms and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dominant negative</span> forms<br> " "Achondroplasia is due to a mutation in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""FGFR3"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> gene""Achondroplasia is due to a mutation in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">FGFR3</span> gene<br> " "Achondroplasia is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""gain of function"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> due to <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">unregulated tyrosine kinsae signaling</span>""Achondroplasia is a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">gain of function</span> due to <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">unregulated tyrosine kinsae signaling</span><br> " "Achondroplasia is a <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">gain of function</span> due to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""unregulated tyrosine kinsae signaling"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""Achondroplasia is a <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">gain of function</span> due to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">unregulated tyrosine kinsae signaling</span><br> " "Achondroplasia has <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""100"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>% penetrant""Achondroplasia has <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">100</span>% penetrant<br> " "Neurofibromatosis type 1 is caused by a mutation in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""NF1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> gene""Neurofibromatosis type 1 is caused by a mutation in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">NF1</span> gene<br> " "Acute intermittent porphyria is autosomal dominant because of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""high cellular demand for heme"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Acute intermittent porphyria is autosomal dominant because of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">high cellular demand for heme</span><br> " 4 Main mechanisms that can explain AD inheritanceHaploinsufficiency<br>Gain of function<br>Dominant negative<br>Loss of heterozygosity "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Loss of heterozygosity"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> occurs when inheritance of one disease allele in the germline occurs and then loss of second gene occurs during development""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Loss of heterozygosity</span> occurs when inheritance of one disease allele in the germline occurs and then loss of second gene occurs during development<br> " "LDLR is found on <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hepatocytes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""LDLR is found on <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">hepatocytes</span><br> " "FHC can cause <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""xanthomas"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, yellowish deposits of cholesterol, to form""FHC can cause <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">xanthomas</span>, yellowish deposits of cholesterol, to form<br> " "An infinite number of different mutation alleles in LDLR may destroy the function of a gene is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""allelic heterogeneity"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""An infinite number of different mutation alleles in LDLR may destroy the function of a gene is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">allelic heterogeneity</span><br> " "Most disorders caused by loss of function varients will exhibit <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""allelic heterogeneity"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Most disorders caused by loss of function varients will exhibit <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">allelic heterogeneity</span><br> " "A person could have FHC and have two functional copies of LDLR, FHC is not caused by LDLR haploinsufficiency, is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""locus heterogeneity"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""A person could have FHC and have two functional copies of LDLR, FHC is not caused by LDLR haploinsufficiency, is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">locus heterogeneity</span><br> " "FGFR is a gain of function mutation because <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""it signals in an unregulated manner"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""FGFR is a gain of function mutation because <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">it signals in an unregulated manner</span><br> " "As the trait is passed down generations, the repeat length might increase, working the condition or creating earlier onset is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""anticipation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""As the trait is passed down generations, the repeat length might increase, working the condition or creating earlier onset is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">anticipation</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Marfan syndrome"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a mutation of the FBN1 gene which encodes a connective tissue protein called fibrillin-1""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Marfan syndrome</span> is a mutation of the FBN1 gene which encodes a connective tissue protein called fibrillin-1<br> " "Disorders are more likely to be more severe when caused by the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dominant negative"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> variant""Disorders are more likely to be more severe when caused by the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dominant negative</span> variant<br> " "Approximately 1/2 of NF cases are caused by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""de-novo"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> mutation occurring during gametogenesis""Approximately 1/2 of NF cases are caused by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">de-novo</span> mutation occurring during gametogenesis<br> " "CF is a mutation in the CFTR gene and has <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""high"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> penetrance""CF is a mutation in the CFTR gene and has <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">high</span> penetrance<br> " "Sickle cell anemia is a single mutation causing a structural varient of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""beta-globin protein"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Sickle cell anemia is a single mutation causing a structural varient of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">beta-globin protein</span><br> " "Phenylketonuria is caused by a mutation in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""PAH"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> gene""Phenylketonuria is caused by a mutation in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">PAH</span> gene<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Phenylketonuria"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> leads to an inability to degrade phenylalanine causing brain damage""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Phenylketonuria</span> leads to an inability to degrade phenylalanine causing brain damage<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Hemochromatosis"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the tendency to accumulate toxic amounts of iron, is delayed age onset, and incomplete penetrance""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Hemochromatosis</span> is the tendency to accumulate toxic amounts of iron, is delayed age onset, and incomplete penetrance<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Homocystinura"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the build up of homocysteine""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Homocystinura</span> is the build up of homocysteine<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Alpha 1-antitryspin deficiency"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> leads to adult onset loss of lung elasticity""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Alpha 1-antitryspin deficiency</span> leads to adult onset loss of lung elasticity<br> " "SCID is due to a deficiency of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ADA"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> gene""SCID is due to a deficiency of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ADA</span> gene<br> " "Most enzyme deficiencies are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""AR"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> disorders""Most enzyme deficiencies are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">AR</span> disorders<br> " Important AD disordersFHC<br>Huntingtons<br>Myotonic dystrophy<br>Marfan<br>OI<br>Achondroplasia<br>NF<br>AIP AR disordersCF<br>Sickle cell<br>PKU<br>Tay-Sachs<br>Hemochromatosis<br>Homocystinuria<br>Galactosemia<br>A1AD<br>SCID "Most genes that encode enzymes are likely to be <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""haplosufficient"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> because they only need one functional copy""Most genes that encode enzymes are likely to be <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">haplosufficient</span> because they only need one functional copy<br> " "PKU is the inability to convert <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""phenylalanine to tyrosine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""PKU is the inability to convert <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">phenylalanine to tyrosine</span><br> " "SCD is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""gain of function"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> variant""SCD is a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">gain of function</span> variant<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Psuedo-AD"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is when an AR condition present in individuals in two or more generations of a family, appearing to be AD""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Psuedo-AD</span> is when an AR condition present in individuals in two or more generations of a family, appearing to be AD<br> " Common explanations of pseudo-ADHigh carrier frequency of the disorder<br>Higher incidence of consanguinity<br>Increased carrier frequency because of small population "Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a deficiency of the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""HGPRT"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> gene""Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a deficiency of the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">HGPRT</span> gene<br> " "Lesch-Nyhan syndrome causes <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hyperuricemia, gout, &amp; self mutilation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Lesch-Nyhan syndrome causes <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">hyperuricemia, gout, & self mutilation</span><br> " "Presence of two affected children suggests <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""germline mosaicism"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Presence of two affected children suggests <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">germline mosaicism</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""X-linked recessive disorders"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> have a preponderance of males, skipping of generations, and No male to male transmission""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">X-linked recessive disorders</span> have a preponderance of males, skipping of generations, and No male to male transmission<br> " "Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is a fatal x-linked gene affecting the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""DMD"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> gene""Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is a fatal x-linked gene affecting the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">DMD</span> gene<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Becker muscular dystrophy"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a less serious disease from mutation in the DMD gene""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Becker muscular dystrophy</span> is a less serious disease from mutation in the DMD gene<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Hemophilia A"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is an inherited deficiency of clotting factor VIII resulting in increased tendency to bleed after minor trauma""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Hemophilia A</span> is an inherited deficiency of clotting factor VIII resulting in increased tendency to bleed after minor trauma<br> " "Hemophilia A is due to an <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""inversion of intron sequence leading to incorrect splicing"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Hemophilia A is due to an <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">inversion of intron sequence leading to incorrect splicing</span><br> " "X-linked SCID is due to a defect in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""SCIDX1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> gene""X-linked SCID is due to a defect in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">SCIDX1</span> gene<br> " "Manifestations in a female carrier is most commonly due to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""skewed X-inactivation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Manifestations in a female carrier is most commonly due to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">skewed X-inactivation</span><br> " "Rett syndrome is a lethal X-linked <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dominant"" data-ordinal=""1"">[dominant/recessive]</span> disorder""Rett syndrome is a lethal X-linked <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dominant</span> disorder<br> " Must know X-linked dominant disordersVitamin D resistant Rickets<br>Rett syndrome<br>Incontinentia pigmenti "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Pleiotropy"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a disease causing mutation affecting more than one organ system""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Pleiotropy</span> is a disease causing mutation affecting more than one organ system<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Locus heterogeneity"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is mutations at different loci and gene that causes the same disease phenotype""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Locus heterogeneity</span> is mutations at different loci and gene that causes the same disease phenotype<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Allelic heterogeneity"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is when different kinds of mutations of the same gene causes the disease""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Allelic heterogeneity</span> is when different kinds of mutations of the same gene causes the disease<br> " Required material for translationmRNA<br>Ribosomes<br>Charged tRNA<br>Initiation factors<br>GTP "Amino acids are activated by attachment to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""tRNA"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Amino acids are activated by attachment to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">tRNA</span><br> " Charging tRNA is a two step process:Enzyme bound amino-acid-adenylate<br>Formation of the aminoacyl-tRNA "Charging the tRNA is driven by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hydrolysis of pyrophosphate"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Charging the tRNA is driven by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">hydrolysis of pyrophosphate</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""fMet"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the first amino acid in prokaryotes & in mitochondria""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">fMet</span> is the first amino acid in prokaryotes & in mitochondria<br> " Prokaryotes have 2 tRNAs for methionine:One allows formation of fMet<br>The other recognizes internal AUG "Prokaryotes use <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Shine Dalgarno"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> sequence and is purine rich""Prokaryotes use <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Shine Dalgarno</span> sequence and is purine rich<br> " "Start of translation involves the charged initiator tRNA being brought to the P site of the 30S subunit by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""IF-2-GTP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Start of translation involves the charged initiator tRNA being brought to the P site of the 30S subunit by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">IF-2-GTP</span><br> " "The second step of translation is when GTP on <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""IF-2"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is hydrolyzed and initiation factors are released when 50S arrives to form 70S""The second step of translation is when GTP on <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">IF-2</span> is hydrolyzed and initiation factors are released when 50S arrives to form 70S<br> " "Translation elongation is catalyzed by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Ribozyme"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Translation elongation is catalyzed by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Ribozyme</span><br> " "Translation elongation factor <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""EF-Tu-GTP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> brings appropriately charged tRNA to codon on empty A site and is hydrolyzed""Translation elongation factor <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">EF-Tu-GTP</span> brings appropriately charged tRNA to codon on empty A site and is hydrolyzed<br> " "Second step in translation elongation occurs due to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""peptidyltransferase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> which is on 23S rRNA of 50S and catalyzes peptide bond formation""Second step in translation elongation occurs due to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">peptidyltransferase</span> which is on 23S rRNA of 50S and catalyzes peptide bond formation<br> " "During translation translocation <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""EF-G-GTP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> first facilitates movement of ribosome three nucleotides""During translation translocation <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">EF-G-GTP</span> first facilitates movement of ribosome three nucleotides<br> " "In eukaryotes, EF-G is called <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""EF-2"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""In eukaryotes, EF-G is called <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">EF-2</span><br> " "Translation termination occurs with a termination codon is recognized by a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""release factor"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Translation termination occurs with a termination codon is recognized by a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">release factor</span><br> " "A number of ribosomes can translate a single mRNA simultaneously, forming a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""polyribosome"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""A number of ribosomes can translate a single mRNA simultaneously, forming a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">polyribosome</span><br> " "Protein folding occurs spontaneously or facilitated by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""chaperones"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Protein folding occurs spontaneously or facilitated by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">chaperones</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Chaperones"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> ensure that only a limited number of folds are available to a newly synthesized protein""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Chaperones</span> ensure that only a limited number of folds are available to a newly synthesized protein<br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""65ead31f99be42db8b7f864a55738d9c-oa-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div 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answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""65ead31f99be42db8b7f864a55738d9c-oa-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp26q3pe_b.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""65ead31f99be42db8b7f864a55738d9c-oa-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp26q3pe_b.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Diphtheria toxin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> leads to the inactivation of EF-2 by ADP-ribosylation""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Diphtheria toxin</span> leads to the inactivation of EF-2 by ADP-ribosylation<br> " "Streptomycin prevents <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""assembly of ribosome"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Streptomycin prevents <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">assembly of ribosome</span><br> " "Tetracycline <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""blocks elongation by preventing aminoacyl-tRNA access to A-site"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Tetracycline <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">blocks elongation by preventing aminoacyl-tRNA access to A-site</span><br> " "Erythromycin <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""binds to 50S subunit and blocks ribosome translocation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Erythromycin <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">binds to 50S subunit and blocks ribosome translocation</span><br> " "Chloramphenicol inhibits <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""peptidyl transferase activity in prokaryotes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Chloramphenicol inhibits <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">peptidyl transferase activity in prokaryotes</span><br> " "Cycloheximide inhibits <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""eukaryotic peptidyl transferase activity"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Cycloheximide inhibits <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">eukaryotic peptidyl transferase activity</span><br> " "Puromycin causes <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""premature termination of translation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in prokaryotes and eukaryotes""Puromycin causes <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">premature termination of translation</span> in prokaryotes and eukaryotes<br> " "Zymogen is an <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""inactive enzyme precursor"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Zymogen is an <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">inactive enzyme precursor</span><br> " "Protein phosphorylation occurs on the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""3'"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>OH groups of serine and threonine""Protein phosphorylation occurs on the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">3'</span>OH groups of serine and threonine<br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">O-Linked</span> Glycosylation has a carbon chain attached to OH group of Ser/Thr, and occurs only after protein reaches <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""golgi"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">O-Linked</span> Glycosylation has a carbon chain attached to OH group of Ser/Thr, and occurs only after protein reaches <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">golgi</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""O-Linked"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> Glycosylation has a carbon chain attached to OH group of Ser/Thr, and occurs only after protein reaches <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">golgi</span>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">O-Linked</span> Glycosylation has a carbon chain attached to OH group of Ser/Thr, and occurs only after protein reaches <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">golgi</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">N-Linked</span> glycosylation is when carbohydrate chains attach to the amide nitrogen of Asn residue and occurs in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ER &amp; golgi"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">N-Linked</span> glycosylation is when carbohydrate chains attach to the amide nitrogen of Asn residue and occurs in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">ER & golgi</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""N-Linked"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> glycosylation is when carbohydrate chains attach to the amide nitrogen of Asn residue and occurs in the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">ER & golgi</span>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">N-Linked</span> glycosylation is when carbohydrate chains attach to the amide nitrogen of Asn residue and occurs in the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">ER & golgi</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Lipid anchoring"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> occurs when a cell targets Ras protein to the cytosolic face with the aid of farnesyl groups""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Lipid anchoring</span> occurs when a cell targets Ras protein to the cytosolic face with the aid of farnesyl groups<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""P"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> site holds the tRNA that carries the growing polypeptide chain""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">P</span> site holds the tRNA that carries the growing polypeptide chain<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""A"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> site holds the tRNA that carries the next amino acid to be added to the chain""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">A</span> site holds the tRNA that carries the next amino acid to be added to the chain<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""E"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> site is the exit site where discharged tRNAs leave the ribosome""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">E</span> site is the exit site where discharged tRNAs leave the ribosome<br> " "E. coli <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""50S"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> subunit contributes to the peptidyl transferase activity""E. coli <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">50S</span> subunit contributes to the peptidyl transferase activity<br> " "Proline or glycine residues often <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""terminate"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> the α-helix""Proline or glycine residues often <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">terminate</span> the α-helix<br> " "Hsp 70 prevents the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""aggregation of unfolded protein"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Hsp 70 prevents the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">aggregation of unfolded protein</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Hsp70"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> works by binding to hydrophobic regions of an extend polypeptide and prevents premature folding of a protein""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Hsp70</span> works by binding to hydrophobic regions of an extend polypeptide and prevents premature folding of a protein<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Hsp60"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are required for correct folding of cellular proteins that do not fold spontaneously""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Hsp60</span> are required for correct folding of cellular proteins that do not fold spontaneously<br> " "Hsp 60 requires <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ATP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> to work""Hsp 60 requires <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ATP</span> to work<br> " "Linkage of ubiquitin is an <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ATP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>-dependent process""Linkage of ubiquitin is an <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ATP</span>-dependent process<br> " Essential proteinsHis<br>Met<br>Thr<br>Val<br>Iso<br>Phe<br>Tryp<br>Leu<br>Lys "Key of becoming an infectious prion results from changes in the 3D conformation due to changes in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""secondary structure"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Key of becoming an infectious prion results from changes in the 3D conformation due to changes in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">secondary structure</span><br> " "Infections prion has more <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""β-sheets"" data-ordinal=""1"">[secondary structure]</span>""Infections prion has more <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">β-sheets</span><br> " "Prion disease occurs when the normal cellular Prp occurs in the altered <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""scrapie"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> form""Prion disease occurs when the normal cellular Prp occurs in the altered <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">scrapie</span> form<br> " "Hydrophobic interactions can also be broken by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""sodium dodecyl sulfate"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Hydrophobic interactions can also be broken by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">sodium dodecyl sulfate</span><br> " "Disulfide bonds are broken by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""β-mercaptoethanol"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Disulfide bonds are broken by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">β-mercaptoethanol</span><br> " "Collagen is rich in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""proline"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> residues""Collagen is rich in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">proline</span> residues<br> " Non-polar aliphatic side chainsGyl<br>Ala<br>Pro<br>Val<br>Leu<br>Iso Aromatic side chainsPhe<br>Trp<br>Tyr Polar uncharged amino acidsAsn<br>Gln<br>Ser<br>Thr The main blood buffer systems arePhosphate<br>Hb<br>Bicarbonate "Hemoglobin is rich in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""histidine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> which is why it is a part of the buffering system""Hemoglobin is rich in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">histidine</span> which is why it is a part of the buffering system<br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">GABA</span> is formed by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""decarboxylation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> of the α-carboxyl group of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">glutamate</span>""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">GABA</span> is formed by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">decarboxylation</span> of the α-carboxyl group of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">glutamate</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""GABA"" data-ordinal=""3"">[...]</span> is formed by <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">decarboxylation</span> of the α-carboxyl group of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">glutamate</span>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""3"">GABA</span> is formed by <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">decarboxylation</span> of the α-carboxyl group of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">glutamate</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">GABA</span> is formed by <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">decarboxylation</span> of the α-carboxyl group of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""glutamate"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">GABA</span> is formed by <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">decarboxylation</span> of the α-carboxyl group of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">glutamate</span><br> " "Histamine is formed by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""decarboxylation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> of histidine""Histamine is formed by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">decarboxylation</span> of histidine<br> " "Serotonin is synthesized from <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Trp"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Serotonin is synthesized from <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Trp</span><br> " "Prozac is an antidepressant that <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""blocks serotonin elimination from synaptic cleft"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Prozac is an antidepressant that <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">blocks serotonin elimination from synaptic cleft</span><br> " "Catacholamines dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine are formed from <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""tyrosine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Catacholamines dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine are formed from <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">tyrosine</span><br> " "Severity of mitochondrial disorders can vary in individuals with the disorder due to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""heteroplasmy"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Severity of mitochondrial disorders can vary in individuals with the disorder due to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">heteroplasmy</span><br> " "Severity of mitochondrial disorder depends on the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""number of mitochondria that have the mutant gene"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Severity of mitochondrial disorder depends on the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">number of mitochondria that have the mutant gene</span><br> " Important mitochondrial disordersLeber hereditary optic neuropathy<br>MELAS<br>Myoclonic epilesy c ragged red muscle fibers (MERRF) "Retinitis pigmentosa is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""digenic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> disorder""Retinitis pigmentosa is a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">digenic</span> disorder<br> " "Prader Willi and Angelman syndrome are examples of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""imprinting"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> inheritance patterns""Prader Willi and Angelman syndrome are examples of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">imprinting</span> inheritance patterns<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Digenic disorders"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is when mutations in 2 gene are additive and necessary to produce the disorder""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Digenic disorders</span> is when mutations in 2 gene are additive and necessary to produce the disorder<br> " "SNRPN is active on the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""parternal"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> chromosome 15 in Prader Willi""SNRPN is active on the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">parternal</span> chromosome 15 in Prader Willi<br> " Prader Willi may be caused byMicrodeletion of paternal chromosome 15 (70%)<br>Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 15 "Uniparental disomy is a condition when the child has <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""two copies"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> of the maternal chromosome""Uniparental disomy is a condition when the child has <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">two copies</span> of the maternal chromosome<br> " Angelman syndrome is caused byDeletion of maternal 15q11-13<br>Uniparental disomy of paternal chromosome 15 "Angelman syndromes is also called <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""happy puppet syndrome"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Angelman syndromes is also called <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">happy puppet syndrome</span><br> " Triplet repeat may be present inPromoter regions<br>Intron<br>Coding region of gene<br>3' end of gene "Triplet repeat in promotor regions leads to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""reduced expression of gene"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, Fragile X syndrome""Triplet repeat in promotor regions leads to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">reduced expression of gene</span>, Fragile X syndrome<br> " "Triplet repeat in intron results in formation of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""heterochromatin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, Friedrich ataxia""Triplet repeat in intron results in formation of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">heterochromatin</span>, Friedrich ataxia<br> " "Triplet repeat in coding region of gene results in a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""polyglutamine expansion in the protein"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Triplet repeat in coding region of gene results in a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">polyglutamine expansion in the protein</span><br> " "Fragile X syndrome is due to triplet repeat at promoter of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""FMR1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> gene""Fragile X syndrome is due to triplet repeat at promoter of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">FMR1</span> gene<br> " "Fragile X syndrome gene alteration leads to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""increased methylation of promoter region"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> silencing the gene""Fragile X syndrome gene alteration leads to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">increased methylation of promoter region</span> silencing the gene<br> " Characteristic features of Fragile X syndromeIntellectual disability<br>Learning difficulties<br>Prominent ears<br>Elongated face<br>Macro orchidism "The <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""nernst equation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> means the membrane potential at which there is no net flux of a specified ion""The <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">nernst equation</span> means the membrane potential at which there is no net flux of a specified ion<br> " "dsDNA for analysis is typically digested by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""restriction endonucleases"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""dsDNA for analysis is typically digested by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">restriction endonucleases</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Ethidium bromide"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is used to visualize DNA fragments under UV light in gel electrophoresis""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Ethidium bromide</span> is used to visualize DNA fragments under UV light in gel electrophoresis<br> " "Nucleic acids have a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""negative"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> charge""Nucleic acids have a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">negative</span> charge<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Probes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are segments of DNA designed to form complimentary bonds to genomic DNA of interest""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Probes</span> are segments of DNA designed to form complimentary bonds to genomic DNA of interest<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Southern"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> blots look for deletions and insertions""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Southern</span> blots look for deletions and insertions<br> " "In southern blots, the gel is soaked in an <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""alkaline"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> solution""In southern blots, the gel is soaked in an <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">alkaline</span> solution<br> " "Northern blots contains isolated <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""mRNA"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> molecules""Northern blots contains isolated <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">mRNA</span> molecules<br> " "Western blots can be used to detect and quantify the amount of a particular <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""protein"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Western blots can be used to detect and quantify the amount of a particular <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">protein</span><br> " "In WBA purified proteins denatured with heat and detergent so that the peptide is coated with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""negatively"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> charged SDS detergent""In WBA purified proteins denatured with heat and detergent so that the peptide is coated with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">negatively</span> charged SDS detergent<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""RFLP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> analysis focused on one base pair change that affects a restriction site""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">RFLP</span> analysis focused on one base pair change that affects a restriction site<br> " "Sickle cell mutation in the beta-globin gene destroys a restriction site <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Dde1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Sickle cell mutation in the beta-globin gene destroys a restriction site <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Dde1</span><br> " "Maple syrup urine disease is a mutation in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Y393N"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and destroys restriction site <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">Scal</span>""Maple syrup urine disease is a mutation in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Y393N</span> and destroys restriction site <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">Scal</span><br> " "Maple syrup urine disease is a mutation in <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Y393N</span> and destroys restriction site <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Scal"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""Maple syrup urine disease is a mutation in <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Y393N</span> and destroys restriction site <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">Scal</span><br> " "ASO probes are usually <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""15-21"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> bases long""ASO probes are usually <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">15-21</span> bases long<br> " "ASO is used to detect <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""polymorphisms"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""ASO is used to detect <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">polymorphisms</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Hybridization"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the annealing of ssDNA probe to complementary to target ssDNA""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Hybridization</span> is the annealing of ssDNA probe to complementary to target ssDNA<br> " "The restriction endonuclease used in probing and cloning is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""II"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The restriction endonuclease used in probing and cloning is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">II</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Restriction endonuclease II"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> recognize and cut DNA in a specific and reproducible fashion""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Restriction endonuclease II</span> recognize and cut DNA in a specific and reproducible fashion<br> " DNA polymerases used for lab studiesDNA poly I<br>Klenow Fragment DNA poly<br>Reverse Transcriptase<br>Taq poly "A <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cloning vector"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a stable molecule of DNA which can incorporate a foreign frag of DNA which can be stably taken up by a host cell and then replicate within the host cell""A <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">cloning vector</span> is a stable molecule of DNA which can incorporate a foreign frag of DNA which can be stably taken up by a host cell and then replicate within the host cell<br> " Cloning vectors important featuresSelf-replicate<br>Multiple cloning sites<br>Selectable marker Cloning vectors are designed forReplication<br>Sequencing<br>Protein Expression "DNA fragments to be cloned are created by digesting DNA with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""restriction endonucleases"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""DNA fragments to be cloned are created by digesting DNA with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">restriction endonucleases</span><br> " "Vectors must replicate <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""autonomously"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Vectors must replicate <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">autonomously</span><br> " "Vector/fragment hybrid is called a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""recombinant DNA molecule"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Vector/fragment hybrid is called a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">recombinant DNA molecule</span><br> " PCR components requiredDNA Poly<br>Primers<br>dNTPs<br>MgCl<br>Buffer<br>DNA PCR stepsDenature<br>Anneal<br>Extend "PCRs typically use <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Taq"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> polymerase""PCRs typically use <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Taq</span> polymerase<br> " "To denature a DNA for PCR you need heat at <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""95"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>°C""To denature a DNA for PCR you need heat at <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">95</span>°C<br> " "To anneal during PCR you must cool DNA to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""45-65"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>℃""To anneal during PCR you must cool DNA to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">45-65</span>℃<br> " "cDNA is isolated and transcribed <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""mRNA"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""cDNA is isolated and transcribed <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">mRNA</span><br> " "mRNA is isolated due to their <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""poly A tail"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""mRNA is isolated due to their <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">poly A tail</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""K<sub>m</sub>&nbsp;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>constant describes the affinity of enzyme for substrate""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">K<sub>m</sub> </span>constant describes the affinity of enzyme for substrate<br> " "Statin competitively inhibits <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""HMG CoA reductase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Statin competitively inhibits <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">HMG CoA reductase</span><br> " "How statin works is an example of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""competitive"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> inhibition""How statin works is an example of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">competitive</span> inhibition<br> " "Competitive reversible inhibition leads to the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""same"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> Vmax and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""larger"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> Km""Competitive reversible inhibition leads to the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">same</span> Vmax and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">larger</span> Km<br> " "Noncompetitive inhibition leads to a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""smaller"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> Vmax and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""same"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> Km""Noncompetitive inhibition leads to a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">smaller</span> Vmax and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">same</span> Km<br> " Irreversible inhibitors work byModification of active site<br>Blocking sulfhydryl-group<br>Interference with metal cofactor "DFP is an <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""irreversible"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase""DFP is an <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">irreversible</span> inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase<br> " "Aspirin is an <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""irreversible"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> inhibitor of COX""Aspirin is an <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">irreversible</span> inhibitor of COX<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""suicide inhibitors"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are enzymes that changes the structure of the drug resulting in irreversible inhibitor""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">suicide inhibitors</span> are enzymes that changes the structure of the drug resulting in irreversible inhibitor<br> " "Allopurinol is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""suicide"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> inhibitor drug used for gout treatment""Allopurinol is a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">suicide</span> inhibitor drug used for gout treatment<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Imprinting"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> involves methylation of specific loci and silencing of the gene""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Imprinting</span> involves methylation of specific loci and silencing of the gene<br> " "UBE3A is active on <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""maternal"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> chromosome 15 in Prader Willi""UBE3A is active on <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">maternal</span> chromosome 15 in Prader Willi<br> " Methods that detect only what is being asked forSouthern/PCR-RFLP<br>ASO blot<br>FISH<br>Northern/Western<br>Sanger Methods that query entire genomeKaryotype<br>Microarray<br>Spectral karyotype<br>Next Gen "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""G-band"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> anaylsis is used for large deletions, duplications, or rearrangements""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">G-band</span> anaylsis is used for large deletions, duplications, or rearrangements<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""FISH probe"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a long piece of ssDNA packed with many fluorophore labels so that it can be seen by light microscopy""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">FISH probe</span> is a long piece of ssDNA packed with many fluorophore labels so that it can be seen by light microscopy<br> " "For G-Band karyotyping, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""phytohemagglutinin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is used to stimulate cell division""For G-Band karyotyping, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">phytohemagglutinin</span> is used to stimulate cell division<br> " "For G-banding karyotyping, cells are arrested in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""metaphase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> via <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""colchicine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""For G-banding karyotyping, cells are arrested in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">metaphase</span> via <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">colchicine</span><br> " "G-banding is imaged after binding of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Giemsa"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> stain""G-banding is imaged after binding of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Giemsa</span> stain<br> " "In G-banding, only deletions bigger than <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""5Mb"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> can be detected""In G-banding, only deletions bigger than <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">5Mb</span> can be detected<br> " "22q11.2 deletion is easier to detect with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""FISH"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""22q11.2 deletion is easier to detect with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">FISH</span><br> " "In rapid FISH, instead of metaphase, cells are in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""interphase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""In rapid FISH, instead of metaphase, cells are in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">interphase</span><br> " "SKY FISH is mostly used in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cancer genetics"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> to visualize genomic instability""SKY FISH is mostly used in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">cancer genetics</span> to visualize genomic instability<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Array CGH"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a molecular cytogenetic technique that allows detection of DNA sequence copy number changes throughout the genome in a single hybridization""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Array CGH</span> is a molecular cytogenetic technique that allows detection of DNA sequence copy number changes throughout the genome in a single hybridization<br> " "Array CGH may detect genome <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""duplications"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""deletions"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Array CGH may detect genome <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">duplications</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">deletions</span><br> " "Array CGH may not detect <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""balanced rearrangements"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Array CGH may not detect <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">balanced rearrangements</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Array CGH"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> compares genomic content between two individuals""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Array CGH</span> compares genomic content between two individuals<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Array CGH"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a first tier test for children with developmental delay and mental impairment""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Array CGH</span> is a first tier test for children with developmental delay and mental impairment<br> " CGH does not detectTriplet repeat expansion<br>Balanced translocation<br>SNP "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""SNP microarray"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> analysis involves labeling genomic DNA fragments and allowing them to hybridize to DNA spots adhered onto a microarray slides where each spot represents various alleles of a gene""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">SNP microarray</span> analysis involves labeling genomic DNA fragments and allowing them to hybridize to DNA spots adhered onto a microarray slides where each spot represents various alleles of a gene<br> " "Expression arrays are used for <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""identification"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""comparison"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Expression arrays are used for <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">identification</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">comparison</span><br> " Intracellular ligands/hormonesSteroid hormones<br>thyroxine<br>retinoic acid<br>vitamin D Cell surface hormones/ligandsPeptide hormone<br>Acetylcholine<br>GABA<br>Eicosanoids Features of intracellular signal-transduction systemsSpecificity<br>Amplification<br>Desensitization/Adaptation<br>Integration Four general types of signal transuction pathwaysIntracellular receptor<br>Gated-ion channel<br>Receptor enzyme<br>Second messengers "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Lipophilic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> hormones cross cell membrane to bind specific intracellular receptors""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Lipophilic</span> hormones cross cell membrane to bind specific intracellular receptors<br> " "Lipophilic hormones affect gene expression at level of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""transcription"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Lipophilic hormones affect gene expression at level of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">transcription</span><br> " "Steroid receptor signal transduction response may take <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hours to days"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Steroid receptor signal transduction response may take <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">hours to days</span><br> " "Binding of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""insulin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> leads to ATP cleavage and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""autophosphorylation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> of tyrosine residue IR""Binding of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">insulin</span> leads to ATP cleavage and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">autophosphorylation</span> of tyrosine residue IR<br> " "Second messenger receptor perform <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""rapid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> effects""Second messenger receptor perform <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">rapid</span> effects<br> " "Second messengars have <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""slower"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> effects on gene expression""Second messengars have <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">slower</span> effects on gene expression<br> " "Gα subunit has intrinsic <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""GTPase activity"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Gα subunit has intrinsic <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">GTPase activity</span><br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""89aea7a0836543ec8455aef24a1db147-oa-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2b6au624.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""89aea7a0836543ec8455aef24a1db147-oa-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2b6au624.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""89aea7a0836543ec8455aef24a1db147-oa-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2b6au624.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""89aea7a0836543ec8455aef24a1db147-oa-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2b6au624.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""89aea7a0836543ec8455aef24a1db147-oa-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2b6au624.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""89aea7a0836543ec8455aef24a1db147-oa-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2b6au624.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""57ba6e95082441f9b8e66073bc018fab-oa-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpcnakdzh5.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""57ba6e95082441f9b8e66073bc018fab-oa-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpcnakdzh5.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""57ba6e95082441f9b8e66073bc018fab-oa-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpcnakdzh5.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""57ba6e95082441f9b8e66073bc018fab-oa-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpcnakdzh5.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""57ba6e95082441f9b8e66073bc018fab-oa-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpcnakdzh5.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""57ba6e95082441f9b8e66073bc018fab-oa-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpcnakdzh5.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "cAMP activates <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""PKA&nbsp;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""cAMP activates <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">PKA </span><br> " "Adenylate cyclase catalyzes the conversion of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ATP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> to cAMP""Adenylate cyclase catalyzes the conversion of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ATP</span> to cAMP<br> " "Catalytic kinase subunits of PKA transfer phosphate from ATP to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Ser/Thr"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Catalytic kinase subunits of PKA transfer phosphate from ATP to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Ser/Thr</span><br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""db03d637793540c6ab0b3f19d0d8c955-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjdbkmcxp.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""db03d637793540c6ab0b3f19d0d8c955-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjdbkmcxp.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Caffeine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""theophylline"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> inhibit cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and has prolong effects of cAMP""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Caffeine</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">theophylline</span> inhibit cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and has prolong effects of cAMP<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""CREB"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> has cAMP regulation of gene expression""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">CREB</span> has cAMP regulation of gene expression<br> " "Along with cytosolic target proteins, PKA also interacts with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""CREB"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> to go inside nucleus""Along with cytosolic target proteins, PKA also interacts with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">CREB</span> to go inside nucleus<br> " "α2-adrenergic receptors activates <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Gi</span>, inhibiting <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""adenylate cyclase"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""α2-adrenergic receptors activates <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Gi</span>, inhibiting <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">adenylate cyclase</span><br> " "α2-adrenergic receptors activates <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Gi"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, inhibiting <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">adenylate cyclase</span>""α2-adrenergic receptors activates <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Gi</span>, inhibiting <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">adenylate cyclase</span><br> " "ADP-ribosylations leads to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""inactivation of proteins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""ADP-ribosylations leads to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">inactivation of proteins</span><br> " "Cholera toxin leads to increase in <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">cAMP</span> due to destruction of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""GTPase"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>, locking it in GTP-bound state opening CFTR""Cholera toxin leads to increase in <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">cAMP</span> due to destruction of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">GTPase</span>, locking it in GTP-bound state opening CFTR<br> " "Cholera toxin leads to increase in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cAMP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> due to destruction of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">GTPase</span>, locking it in GTP-bound state opening CFTR""Cholera toxin leads to increase in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">cAMP</span> due to destruction of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">GTPase</span>, locking it in GTP-bound state opening CFTR<br> " "Pertussis toxin ADP-ribosylates <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Gi"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> increasing cAMP""Pertussis toxin ADP-ribosylates <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Gi</span> increasing cAMP<br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">Phospholipase C</span> cleaves <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""PIP<sub>2</sub>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> to generate <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">IP<sub>3</sub> and DAG</span>""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">Phospholipase C</span> cleaves <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">PIP<sub>2</sub></span> to generate <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">IP<sub>3</sub> and DAG</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Phospholipase C"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span> cleaves <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">PIP<sub>2</sub></span> to generate <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">IP<sub>3</sub> and DAG</span>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">Phospholipase C</span> cleaves <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">PIP<sub>2</sub></span> to generate <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">IP<sub>3</sub> and DAG</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">Phospholipase C</span> cleaves <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">PIP<sub>2</sub></span> to generate <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""IP<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;and DAG"" data-ordinal=""3"">[...]</span>""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">Phospholipase C</span> cleaves <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">PIP<sub>2</sub></span> to generate <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""3"">IP<sub>3</sub> and DAG</span><br> " "IP<sub>3</sub> causes <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Ca<sup>2+</sup>&nbsp;release from ER"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""IP<sub>3</sub> causes <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Ca<sup>2+</sup> release from ER</span><br> " "DAG and Ca<sup>2+</sup> activates <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""PKC"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""DAG and Ca<sup>2+</sup> activates <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">PKC</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cGMP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>: Second messenger in smooth muscle relaxation platelet aggregation and in visual system""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">cGMP</span>: Second messenger in smooth muscle relaxation platelet aggregation and in visual system<br> " "Cytosolic guanylate cyclase is activated by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""NO"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Cytosolic guanylate cyclase is activated by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">NO</span><br> " "Membrane-bound guanylate cyclase is activated by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ANP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Membrane-bound guanylate cyclase is activated by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ANP</span><br> " "Guanylate cyclase does not use a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""G-protein"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Guanylate cyclase does not use a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">G-protein</span><br> " "NO is synthesized from <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""arginine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""NO is synthesized from <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">arginine</span><br> " "cGMP levels <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""increase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> with smooth muscle cells""cGMP levels <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">increase</span> with smooth muscle cells<br> " "cGMP activates <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""PKG"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""cGMP activates <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">PKG</span><br> " "Calcium binds to calmodulin which activates <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""NO synthase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Calcium binds to calmodulin which activates <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">NO synthase</span><br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""fad0508e83f64d56bda1a11b4c828697-oa-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpnx1kmo2s.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""fad0508e83f64d56bda1a11b4c828697-oa-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpnx1kmo2s.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""fad0508e83f64d56bda1a11b4c828697-oa-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpnx1kmo2s.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""fad0508e83f64d56bda1a11b4c828697-oa-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpnx1kmo2s.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""fad0508e83f64d56bda1a11b4c828697-oa-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpnx1kmo2s.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""fad0508e83f64d56bda1a11b4c828697-oa-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpnx1kmo2s.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""fad0508e83f64d56bda1a11b4c828697-oa-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpnx1kmo2s.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""fad0508e83f64d56bda1a11b4c828697-oa-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpnx1kmo2s.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""fad0508e83f64d56bda1a11b4c828697-oa-5-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpnx1kmo2s.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""fad0508e83f64d56bda1a11b4c828697-oa-5-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpnx1kmo2s.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""fad0508e83f64d56bda1a11b4c828697-oa-6-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpnx1kmo2s.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""fad0508e83f64d56bda1a11b4c828697-oa-6-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpnx1kmo2s.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Kartagener"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> syndrome: AR dynein arm defect causing situs inversus, recurring infections, and infertilify""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Kartagener</span> syndrome: AR dynein arm defect causing situs inversus, recurring infections, and infertilify<br> " "Cellular injury that leads to marked intracellular enzyme increase in serum is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""&gt;20 times"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Cellular injury that leads to marked intracellular enzyme increase in serum is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">>20 times</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Isozymes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> catalyze the same biochemical reaction and they have multiple forms of the same enzyme""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Isozymes</span> catalyze the same biochemical reaction and they have multiple forms of the same enzyme<br> " "At <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""high"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> ATP levels creatine phosphate is formed""At <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">high</span> ATP levels creatine phosphate is formed<br> " "At <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""high"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> creatine phosphate levels ATP is formed""At <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">high</span> creatine phosphate levels ATP is formed<br> " "3 isozymes of CK: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""CK-BB, CK-MB, CK-MM"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""3 isozymes of CK: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">CK-BB, CK-MB, CK-MM</span><br> " "Brain mainly has CK-<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""BB"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Brain mainly has CK-<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">BB</span><br> " "Heart muscles has <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""30"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>% CK-MB and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""70"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>% CK-MM""Heart muscles has <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">30</span>% CK-MB and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">70</span>% CK-MM<br> " "Skeletal muscle has <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""98"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>% CK-MM""Skeletal muscle has <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">98</span>% CK-MM<br> " "sCK-MM is elevated in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""rhabdo"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""sCK-MM is elevated in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">rhabdo</span><br> " "Hemolytic anemia severity is measured by the increase of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""LDH"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in serum following RBC destruction""Hemolytic anemia severity is measured by the increase of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">LDH</span> in serum following RBC destruction<br> " "Myocardial infarction leads to increase of heart <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""LDH"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> isozyme with a high <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""LDH1/LDH2"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> ratio""Myocardial infarction leads to increase of heart <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">LDH</span> isozyme with a high <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">LDH1/LDH2</span> ratio<br> " "CK-MB level peaks after <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""24"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> hours as an MI marker""CK-MB level peaks after <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">24</span> hours as an MI marker<br> " "LDH level peaks after <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""48"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> hours as a MI marker""LDH level peaks after <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">48</span> hours as a MI marker<br> " "A high <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""CK-MB/total CK"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> ratio indicates a large area of damaged heart muscle""A high <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">CK-MB/total CK</span> ratio indicates a large area of damaged heart muscle<br> " Indications of an MICK-MB/total CK ratio >6%<br>CK-MB/total CK ratio is >3% and troponins increase "Troponin isoforms are heart <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""injury markers"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Troponin isoforms are heart <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">injury markers</span><br> " "Cardiac troponin I is involved in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""inhibition of actomyosin ATP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Cardiac troponin I is involved in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">inhibition of actomyosin ATP</span><br> " "Cardiac troponin T is involved in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""tropomyosin binding"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Cardiac troponin T is involved in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">tropomyosin binding</span><br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""b9de2d6fae0e44c298d1ebb7ca2479d8-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpo3mhqzsl.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""b9de2d6fae0e44c298d1ebb7ca2479d8-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpo3mhqzsl.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""b9de2d6fae0e44c298d1ebb7ca2479d8-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpo3mhqzsl.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""b9de2d6fae0e44c298d1ebb7ca2479d8-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpo3mhqzsl.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""b9de2d6fae0e44c298d1ebb7ca2479d8-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpo3mhqzsl.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""b9de2d6fae0e44c298d1ebb7ca2479d8-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpo3mhqzsl.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""CK-MB"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>: early increase, sharp peak after 1 day and back to baseline at 2 days""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">CK-MB</span>: early increase, sharp peak after 1 day and back to baseline at 2 days<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Troponins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>: early increase by they stay elevated longer (T longer than I)""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Troponins</span>: early increase by they stay elevated longer (T longer than I)<br> " Liver membrane integrity tests:Alanine aminotrasferase (ALT)<br>Asparatate aminotransferase (AST) "High <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">ALT/AST</span> ratio is characteristic for <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hepatic viral infection"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""High <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">ALT/AST</span> ratio is characteristic for <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">hepatic viral infection</span><br> " "High <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ALT/AST"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> ratio is characteristic for <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">hepatic viral infection</span>""High <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ALT/AST</span> ratio is characteristic for <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">hepatic viral infection</span><br> " "High <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">AST/ALT</span> ratio is characteristic for <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hepatic alcohol damage"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""High <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">AST/ALT</span> ratio is characteristic for <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">hepatic alcohol damage</span><br> " "High <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""AST/ALT"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> ratio is characteristic for <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">hepatic alcohol damage</span>""High <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">AST/ALT</span> ratio is characteristic for <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">hepatic alcohol damage</span><br> " Injury markers for obstructed bile ductsAlkaline phosphatase (ALP)<br>y-glutamyl transferase (GGT) "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Alkaline phosphatase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is found in high concentration in bile canaliculi and biliary ducks and cleaves P from nucleotide""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Alkaline phosphatase</span> is found in high concentration in bile canaliculi and biliary ducks and cleaves P from nucleotide<br> " "GGT increase in serum indicates injury of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""bile ducts and of liver"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""GGT increase in serum indicates injury of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">bile ducts and of liver</span><br> " "Acute pancreatitis is indicated by increased serum levels of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""α-amylase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""pancreatic lipase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Acute pancreatitis is indicated by increased serum levels of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">α-amylase</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">pancreatic lipase</span><br> " "Acute pancreatitis due to EtOH shows as serum <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""lipase/amylase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> ratio ><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">2</span>""Acute pancreatitis due to EtOH shows as serum <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">lipase/amylase</span> ratio ><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">2</span><br> " "Acute pancreatitis due to EtOH shows as serum <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">lipase/amylase</span> ratio ><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""2"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""Acute pancreatitis due to EtOH shows as serum <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">lipase/amylase</span> ratio ><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">2</span><br> " "Gallstone blockage leads to increase of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""serum amylase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""lipase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ALP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""GGT"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Gallstone blockage leads to increase of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">serum amylase</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">lipase</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ALP</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">GGT</span><br> " "Chronic pancreatitis can show less enzyme increase in serum due to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""less synthesis inside the pancreas"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Chronic pancreatitis can show less enzyme increase in serum due to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">less synthesis inside the pancreas</span><br> " "ALP is found in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""bone"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""bile ducts"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""placenta"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""intestines"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""ALP is found in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">bone</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">bile ducts</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">placenta</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">intestines</span><br> " "Natural rise of ALP in serum occurs during <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""bone growth"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""pregnancy"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Natural rise of ALP in serum occurs during <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">bone growth</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">pregnancy</span><br> " "In adults if <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is present this indicates liver cancer""In adults if <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)</span> is present this indicates liver cancer<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Carcinoma"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a malignant tumor growing from epithelial tissue""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Carcinoma</span> is a malignant tumor growing from epithelial tissue<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Sarcoma"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a malignant tumor growing from connective tissues""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Sarcoma</span> is a malignant tumor growing from connective tissues<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Clonal evolution"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>: Cells acquire a selective growth advantage over neighbor cells""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Clonal evolution</span>: Cells acquire a selective growth advantage over neighbor cells<br> " "In <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""necrosis"" data-ordinal=""1"">[necrosis/apoptosis]</span> there is cell swelling and damage to the plasma membrane""In <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">necrosis</span> there is cell swelling and damage to the plasma membrane<br> " "In <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""apoptosis"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> there is plasma membrane blebbing, aggregation of chromatin, fragmented nucleus, and involves caspase""In <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">apoptosis</span> there is plasma membrane blebbing, aggregation of chromatin, fragmented nucleus, and involves caspase<br> " "Increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase is present in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""necrosis"" data-ordinal=""1"">[necrosis/apoptosis]</span>""Increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase is present in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">necrosis</span><br> " Intrinsic apoptosis pathwaysDeath signal<br>Pro-apoptotic proteins upregulated (Bax)<br>Release of cytochrome c<br>Apoptosome formation (Apaf1, cytochrome C, Procaspase 9)<br>Caspase cascade Extrinsic apoptosis pathwaysBinding of FAS ligand<br>Recruitment of death domain adaptor proteins (FADD, TRADD)<br>Formation of DISC<br>Caspase cascade "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Caspases"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed proteases""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Caspases</span> are cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed proteases<br> " Intracellular regulators of apoptosisPro-apoptotic<br>Anit-apoptotic - Bcl2 "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Bid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> links extrinsic & intrinsic pathways""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Bid</span> links extrinsic & intrinsic pathways<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Bax/Bak"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> increases permeabilization of mitochondrial outer member""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Bax/Bak</span> increases permeabilization of mitochondrial outer member<br> " Assessment of apoptosisCaspase<br>Annexin 5<br>DNA Laddering<br>TUNEL "An increase in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""BAX/BCL2"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> ratio leads to apoptosis""An increase in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">BAX/BCL2</span> ratio leads to apoptosis<br> " "X-activation is fixed meaning all <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""descendants of the cell will have the same copy of the chromosome inactivated"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""X-activation is fixed meaning all <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">descendants of the cell will have the same copy of the chromosome inactivated</span><br> " "Chromosome <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""13"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""14"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""15"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""21"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""22"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, are acrocentric""Chromosome <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">13</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">14</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">15</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">21</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">22</span>, are acrocentric<br> " "Cloudy swelling of a cell is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""earliest evidence of injury"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Cloudy swelling of a cell is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">earliest evidence of injury</span><br> " "At the point where a cell has cloudy swelling the damage is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""reversible"" data-ordinal=""1"">[reversible/irreversible]</span>""At the point where a cell has cloudy swelling the damage is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">reversible</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Hydropic degeneration"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the the second part of cell damage where vacuoles appear in the cytoplasm""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Hydropic degeneration</span> is the the second part of cell damage where vacuoles appear in the cytoplasm<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Steatosis"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the accumulation of triglycerides in cytoplasm as third part of early cellular response to injury""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Steatosis</span> is the accumulation of triglycerides in cytoplasm as third part of early cellular response to injury<br> " Tissues commonly affected in hypertrophyCardiac Muscle<br>Skeletal Muscle<br>Uterus Tissue commonly affected by atrophyTestis in elderly<br>Skeletal muscle<br>Brain Tissues commonly affected by hyperplasiaEndometrium<br>Prostate gland<br>RBCs<br>Glandular epithelium of breast<br>Uterine enlargement "Hyperplasia is typically <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""reversible"" data-ordinal=""1"">[reversible/irreversible]</span>""Hyperplasia is typically <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">reversible</span><br> " "Metaplasia is typically <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""reversible"" data-ordinal=""1"">[reversible/irreversible]</span>""Metaplasia is typically <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">reversible</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Metaplasia"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is an adaptive response to environmental stimuli""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Metaplasia</span> is an adaptive response to environmental stimuli<br> " "Metaplasia has an increased risk for <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dysplasia"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""neoplasia"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Metaplasia has an increased risk for <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dysplasia</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">neoplasia</span><br> " Tissues commonly affected by metaplasiaRespiratory epithelium<br>Cervical epithelium<br>Esophageal epithelium Tissues commonly affected by dysplasiaCervix<br>Skin "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Dysplasia"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is failure of differentiation and maturation with high nuclear to cytoplasm ratio""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Dysplasia</span> is failure of differentiation and maturation with high nuclear to cytoplasm ratio<br> " "Dysplasia has an increased risk of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""neoplasia"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Dysplasia has an increased risk of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">neoplasia</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Carcinoma in situ"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>: epithelial tissue shows features of carcinoma without a breach of the basement membrane""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Carcinoma in situ</span>: epithelial tissue shows features of carcinoma without a breach of the basement membrane<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Involution"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>: organs are temporarily enlarged and then undergo degradation via atrophic process""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Involution</span>: organs are temporarily enlarged and then undergo degradation via atrophic process<br> " "In AR the q<sup>2</sup> must be the same as the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""incidence of the disorder"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""In AR the q<sup>2</sup> must be the same as the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">incidence of the disorder</span><br> " "AR - Incidence = <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""q<sup>2</sup>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""AR - Incidence = <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">q<sup>2</sup></span><br> " "For most autosomal recessive disorders p = <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""For most autosomal recessive disorders p = <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">1</span><br> " "PKU has an incidence of ~1 in 10,000, so q = <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""100"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""PKU has an incidence of ~1 in 10,000, so q = <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">100</span><br> " "In AR disorders, the carrier frequency is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""twice"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> the frequency of the disease allele""In AR disorders, the carrier frequency is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">twice</span> the frequency of the disease allele<br> " "In AR p can only be treated as 1 if <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""q &lt; 5%"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""In AR p can only be treated as 1 if <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">q < 5%</span><br> " The incidence of cystic fibrosis is approximately 1/2500 among people of Europeans ancestry. What is the predicted frequency of heterozygous carriers of the mutation in the population?q<sup>2</sup> = 1/2500<br>q = 1/50<br>2q = 2/50 = 1/25<br>Answer = 1/25 "HW equation is reduced to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""1 = p + q"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> for men with X-linked genes""HW equation is reduced to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">1 = p + q</span> for men with X-linked genes<br> " Assumptions of HW equilibriumPopulation is large<br>Random mating<br>No new mutations<br>No migration Factors causing genetic variation in populationNew mutation<br>Natural selection<br>Genetic drift<br>Consanguinity "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Founders effect"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>: reduced genetic diversity which results when a population is descended from a small number of colonizing ancestor""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Founders effect</span>: reduced genetic diversity which results when a population is descended from a small number of colonizing ancestor<br> " "Fibrous proteins provide <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""structural support"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Fibrous proteins provide <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">structural support</span><br> " "Fibril-forming <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[#]</span> is in skin, bone, tendon, blood vessels, and cornea""Fibril-forming <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">1</span> is in skin, bone, tendon, blood vessels, and cornea<br> " "Fibril-forming <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""2"" data-ordinal=""1"">[#]</span> is found in cartilage, intervertebral disk, and vitreous body""Fibril-forming <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">2</span> is found in cartilage, intervertebral disk, and vitreous body<br> " "Fibril-forming <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""3"" data-ordinal=""1"">[#]</span> is found in blood vessels and fetal skin""Fibril-forming <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">3</span> is found in blood vessels and fetal skin<br> " "Network-forming fibril <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""4"" data-ordinal=""1"">[#]</span> is found in basement membrane""Network-forming fibril <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">4</span> is found in basement membrane<br> " "Network-forming fibril <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""7"" data-ordinal=""1"">[#]</span> is found beneath stratified squamous epithelia""Network-forming fibril <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">7</span> is found beneath stratified squamous epithelia<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Collagen"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the most abundant fibrous protein""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Collagen</span> is the most abundant fibrous protein<br> " "In bones, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""calcium phosphate"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is deposited in and around collagen fibers""In bones, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">calcium phosphate</span> is deposited in and around collagen fibers<br> " "Hydroxyproline residues are needed for <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""collagen stability"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Hydroxyproline residues are needed for <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">collagen stability</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Prolyl hydroxylase</span> with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""vitamin C"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span> creates <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">hydroxyproline</span>""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Prolyl hydroxylase</span> with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">vitamin C</span> creates <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">hydroxyproline</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Prolyl hydroxylase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> with <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">vitamin C</span> creates <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">hydroxyproline</span>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Prolyl hydroxylase</span> with <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">vitamin C</span> creates <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">hydroxyproline</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Prolyl hydroxylase</span> with <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">vitamin C</span> creates <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hydroxyproline"" data-ordinal=""3"">[...]</span>""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Prolyl hydroxylase</span> with <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">vitamin C</span> creates <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""3"">hydroxyproline</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Hydroxlysine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is needed for O-glycosylation creating a variety of collagen molecules""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Hydroxlysine</span> is needed for O-glycosylation creating a variety of collagen molecules<br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Lysyl hydroxylase</span> with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""vitamin C"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span> creates <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">hydroxylysine</span>""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Lysyl hydroxylase</span> with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">vitamin C</span> creates <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">hydroxylysine</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Lysyl hydroxylase</span> with <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">vitamin C</span> creates <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hydroxylysine"" data-ordinal=""3"">[...]</span>""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Lysyl hydroxylase</span> with <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">vitamin C</span> creates <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""3"">hydroxylysine</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Lysyl hydroxylase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> with <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">vitamin C</span> creates <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">hydroxylysine</span>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Lysyl hydroxylase</span> with <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">vitamin C</span> creates <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">hydroxylysine</span><br> " Why does vitamin deficiency affect collagen?Vitamin C is needed to make hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine which both work to stabilize and create collagen "Collagen is an <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">insoluble</span> protein and needs to be synthesized as soluble <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""procollagen"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""Collagen is an <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">insoluble</span> protein and needs to be synthesized as soluble <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">procollagen</span><br> " "Collagen is an <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""insoluble"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> protein and needs to be synthesized as soluble <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">procollagen</span>""Collagen is an <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">insoluble</span> protein and needs to be synthesized as soluble <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">procollagen</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""RER"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> synthesizes procollagen pro-α-chains""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">RER</span> synthesizes procollagen pro-α-chains<br> " "Chaperone protein <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Hsp47"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> connect the 3 pro-α-chains""Chaperone protein <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Hsp47</span> connect the 3 pro-α-chains<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Golgi"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is where procollagen is assembled""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Golgi</span> is where procollagen is assembled<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Procollagen peptidases"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> cleave the N- and C- temrinal propetides of procollagen""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Procollagen peptidases</span> cleave the N- and C- temrinal propetides of procollagen<br> " "In the ECM, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""tropocollagen"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> assembles into fibrils with a staggered pattern""In the ECM, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">tropocollagen</span> assembles into fibrils with a staggered pattern<br> " Biosynthesis of collagen Type ICOL1A1 and COL1A2<br>2 pro-α1 chains and 1 pro-α2 chain<br>Hydroxylation of proline and lysine<br>Gylcosylation of hydroxylysine "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Lysyl oxidase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> oxidatively deaminates lysine or hydroxylysine residues""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Lysyl oxidase</span> oxidatively deaminates lysine or hydroxylysine residues<br> " "Lysyl oxidase needs <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""copper"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> as a cofactor""Lysyl oxidase needs <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">copper</span> as a cofactor<br> " "Lysyl oxidase forms <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""aldehydes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> known as <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""allysine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Lysyl oxidase forms <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">aldehydes</span> known as <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">allysine</span><br> " "Aldehyde from lysyl oxidase forms a covalent bond with other <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""lysine or hydroxylysine residues"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Aldehyde from lysyl oxidase forms a covalent bond with other <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">lysine or hydroxylysine residues</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""EDS"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span> forms from a mutation of collagen gene affecting collagen type <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">III or V</span>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">EDS</span> forms from a mutation of collagen gene affecting collagen type <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">III or V</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">EDS</span> forms from a mutation of collagen gene affecting collagen type <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""III or V"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">EDS</span> forms from a mutation of collagen gene affecting collagen type <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">III or V</span><br> " "EDS is considered an <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""enzyme deficiency"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> disorder""EDS is considered an <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">enzyme deficiency</span> disorder<br> " "Vascular form of EDS is caused by defects in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""type III"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> collagen""Vascular form of EDS is caused by defects in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">type III</span> collagen<br> " "Classical form of EDS is mostly caused by defects in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""type V"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> collagen""Classical form of EDS is mostly caused by defects in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">type V</span> collagen<br> " Classical form EDS patients showHypermobility of the joint<br>Hyperextensibility of the skin "OI mutation is caused by a displacement of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""gylcine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""OI mutation is caused by a displacement of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">gylcine</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""OI Tarda (I)"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the mildest form and most common where patients can suffer hearing loss in adulthood, and have easy fractures""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">OI Tarda (I)</span> is the mildest form and most common where patients can suffer hearing loss in adulthood, and have easy fractures<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""OI Congenita (II)"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the most severe disease where death occurs in utero due to fractures of the rib cage""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">OI Congenita (II)</span> is the most severe disease where death occurs in utero due to fractures of the rib cage<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Elastin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> has a highly cross-linked insoluble amorphous structure""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Elastin</span> has a highly cross-linked insoluble amorphous structure<br> " "Elastin's hydrophobic region has <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""glycine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""valine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""proline"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> <br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Please GiVe"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Elastin's hydrophobic region has <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">glycine</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">valine</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">proline</span> <br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Please GiVe</span><br> " "Elastin hydrophilic region is rich in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""lysine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""alanine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Elastin hydrophilic region is rich in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">lysine</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">alanine</span><br> " "Stretched structure of elastin exposes the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hydrophobic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> region to water""Stretched structure of elastin exposes the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">hydrophobic</span> region to water<br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Tropoelastic</span> is secreted from <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""fibroblasts"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span> into ECM as a soluble linear peptide""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Tropoelastic</span> is secreted from <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">fibroblasts</span> into ECM as a soluble linear peptide<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Tropoelastic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is secreted from <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">fibroblasts</span> into ECM as a soluble linear peptide""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Tropoelastic</span> is secreted from <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">fibroblasts</span> into ECM as a soluble linear peptide<br> " "There is only one gene for tropoelastin but <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""different splicing of RNA"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> lead to different isoforms""There is only one gene for tropoelastin but <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">different splicing of RNA</span> lead to different isoforms<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Fibrillin-1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> acts as a scaffold for the extracellular tropoelastin""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Fibrillin-1</span> acts as a scaffold for the extracellular tropoelastin<br> " "In elastin, lysyl oxidases forms 40 allysine which covalently bond to form <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""desmosine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> only found in elastin""In elastin, lysyl oxidases forms 40 allysine which covalently bond to form <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">desmosine</span> only found in elastin<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Desmosine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""isodesmosine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are characteristic for elastin and allows it to stretch and bend in any direction and show as <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">yellow</span>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Desmosine</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">isodesmosine</span> are characteristic for elastin and allows it to stretch and bend in any direction and show as <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">yellow</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Desmosine</span> and <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">isodesmosine</span> are characteristic for elastin and allows it to stretch and bend in any direction and show as <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""yellow"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Desmosine</span> and <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">isodesmosine</span> are characteristic for elastin and allows it to stretch and bend in any direction and show as <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">yellow</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""3 allysine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""1 lysine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are covalently linked in desmosine""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">3 allysine</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">1 lysine</span> are covalently linked in desmosine<br> " "Fibrillin-1 is found on chromosome <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""15"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Fibrillin-1 is found on chromosome <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">15</span><br> " Main characteristics of MarfanLong limbs<br>Arachnodactyly<br>Lens dislocation (any direct)<br>Aortic root dilation<br>Abnormal formation of rib cage " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""13fa5d038b204206ad67c18270dc30d9-oa-1-Q.svg""></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp1g_eg3nq.png""></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = 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""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""13fa5d038b204206ad67c18270dc30d9-oa-5-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp1g_eg3nq.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""13fa5d038b204206ad67c18270dc30d9-oa-5-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp1g_eg3nq.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""13fa5d038b204206ad67c18270dc30d9-oa-6-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp1g_eg3nq.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""13fa5d038b204206ad67c18270dc30d9-oa-6-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp1g_eg3nq.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""13fa5d038b204206ad67c18270dc30d9-oa-7-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp1g_eg3nq.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""13fa5d038b204206ad67c18270dc30d9-oa-7-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp1g_eg3nq.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""13fa5d038b204206ad67c18270dc30d9-oa-8-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp1g_eg3nq.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""13fa5d038b204206ad67c18270dc30d9-oa-8-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp1g_eg3nq.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""13fa5d038b204206ad67c18270dc30d9-oa-9-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp1g_eg3nq.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""13fa5d038b204206ad67c18270dc30d9-oa-9-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp1g_eg3nq.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""13fa5d038b204206ad67c18270dc30d9-oa-10-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp1g_eg3nq.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""13fa5d038b204206ad67c18270dc30d9-oa-10-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp1g_eg3nq.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " OI Type III and IV manifestionsSevere with scoliosis<br>Bone malformations<br>Dentiogenesis imperfecta "Proteoglycans contain mainly <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""GAGs"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Proteoglycans contain mainly <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">GAGs</span><br> " "Glycoproteins contain mainly <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""protein"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Glycoproteins contain mainly <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">protein</span><br> " "Proteoglycans are part of the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ECM"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Proteoglycans are part of the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ECM</span><br> " "GAGs are composed of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""repeating disaccharide units"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""GAGs are composed of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">repeating disaccharide units</span><br> " "In GAGs position 1 contains an <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""acidic sugar"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and position 2 contains an <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""amino sugar"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""In GAGs position 1 contains an <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">acidic sugar</span> and position 2 contains an <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">amino sugar</span><br> " "GAGs react to compression with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""squeezing water out"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and to relaxation with <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">absorbing water</span>""GAGs react to compression with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">squeezing water out</span> and to relaxation with <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">absorbing water</span><br> " "GAGs react to compression with <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">squeezing water out</span> and to relaxation with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""absorbing water"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""GAGs react to compression with <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">squeezing water out</span> and to relaxation with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">absorbing water</span><br> " Hydrated GAGs serve asFlexible support of the ECM<br>Molecular sieve<br>Lubricants<br>Shock-absorber "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Chondroitin sulfates"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are the most abundant GAGs in the body""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Chondroitin sulfates</span> are the most abundant GAGs in the body<br> " "Chondroitins are sulfated in position <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""4 or 6"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Chondroitins are sulfated in position <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">4 or 6</span><br> " Chondroitins are found inCartilage<br>Bone<br>Ligaments<br>Aorta "Keratan sulfates contain a sulfated <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""galactose in position 1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Keratan sulfates contain a sulfated <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">galactose in position 1</span><br> " "Keratan sulfates are found in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cartilage"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cornea"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Keratan sulfates are found in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">cartilage</span> and the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">cornea</span><br> " Dermatan sulfates are found inSkin<br>Blood vessels<br>Heart valves "Heparan sulfate is found in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""basement membranes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> or <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""on cell surfaces"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Heparan sulfate is found in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">basement membranes</span> or <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">on cell surfaces</span><br> " "Heparan sulfate contains sulfated <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""glucuronic acid or iduronic acid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Heparan sulfate contains sulfated <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">glucuronic acid or iduronic acid</span><br> " "Heparin contains <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""iduronyl sulfates"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Heparin contains <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">iduronyl sulfates</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Heparin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the GAG with the largest amount of sulfates with negative charges""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Heparin</span> is the GAG with the largest amount of sulfates with negative charges<br> " "Heparin is not extracellular but is in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""mast cells of lung, liver and spleen"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Heparin is not extracellular but is in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">mast cells of lung, liver and spleen</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Hyaluronic acid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a GAG that is not sulfated and not covalently attached to a protein""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Hyaluronic acid</span> is a GAG that is not sulfated and not covalently attached to a protein<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Hyaluronic acid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is synthesized step by step directly into the extracellular space""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Hyaluronic acid</span> is synthesized step by step directly into the extracellular space<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Hyaluronic acid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> provides extracellularly the central strand in proteoglycan aggregates""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Hyaluronic acid</span> provides extracellularly the central strand in proteoglycan aggregates<br> " "Hyaluronic acid is connected to the core proteins via <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""link proteins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Hyaluronic acid is connected to the core proteins via <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">link proteins</span><br> " Hyaluronic acid is found inVitreous humor<br>Synovial fluid<br>Cartilage<br>Loose connective tissues Hyaluronic acid facilitates cell migration inEmbyrogenesis<br>Morphogenesis<br>Wound repair "Proteoglycan aggregates are assembled in the ECM using <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hyaluronic acid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and proteoglycans""Proteoglycan aggregates are assembled in the ECM using <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">hyaluronic acid</span> and proteoglycans<br> " "Proteoglycans are formed intracellularly by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""O-glycosylation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> of the core protein and are then released into the ECM""Proteoglycans are formed intracellularly by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">O-glycosylation</span> of the core protein and are then released into the ECM<br> " "Proteoglycans are glycosylated in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""golgi"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Proteoglycans are glycosylated in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">golgi</span><br> " "To form proteoglycans, a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""trihexoside"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> linker region is bound to the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""serine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> side chain and GAGs are added""To form proteoglycans, a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">trihexoside</span> linker region is bound to the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">serine</span> side chain and GAGs are added<br> " "Proteoglycan aggregates serve as <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""shock absorber"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""lubricant"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Proteoglycan aggregates serve as <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">shock absorber</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">lubricant</span><br> " "N-linked glycosylation is with only <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ASN"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""RER"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""N-linked glycosylation is with only <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ASN</span> in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">RER</span><br> " "A <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""mannose-rich oligosaccharide"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is first synthesized on a lipid that is bound in the RER membrane for N-linked glycosylation""A <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">mannose-rich oligosaccharide</span> is first synthesized on a lipid that is bound in the RER membrane for N-linked glycosylation<br> " "A mannose-rich oligosaccharied is synthesized bound to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""lipid dolichol-PP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""A mannose-rich oligosaccharied is synthesized bound to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">lipid dolichol-PP</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""I-Cell"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> disease is caused by a deficiency of the ability to phosphorylate mannose""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">I-Cell</span> disease is caused by a deficiency of the ability to phosphorylate mannose<br> " "In I-Cell disease, death usually occurs by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""8"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> years of age""In I-Cell disease, death usually occurs by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">8</span> years of age<br> " "Lysosomal enzymes are N-linked glycoproteins that recieve a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""mannose 6-P marker"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in the golgi for transport into lysosome""Lysosomal enzymes are N-linked glycoproteins that recieve a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">mannose 6-P marker</span> in the golgi for transport into lysosome<br> " "Mannose 6-P marker is formed by a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""phosphotransferase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Mannose 6-P marker is formed by a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">phosphotransferase</span><br> " "Mannose 6-P receptors in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""trans-golgi"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> bind the marked enzymes and package them into vesicles""Mannose 6-P receptors in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">trans-golgi</span> bind the marked enzymes and package them into vesicles<br> " "I-Cell disease diagnosis is made by detection of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""inclusions in lymphocyes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""I-Cell disease diagnosis is made by detection of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">inclusions in lymphocyes</span><br> " "I-Cell disease is grouped as a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""mucolipidosis type II"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""I-Cell disease is grouped as a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">mucolipidosis type II</span><br> " "Proteoglycans undergo only <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""O-glycosylation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Proteoglycans undergo only <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">O-glycosylation</span><br> " "Glycoproteins undergo <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""O- and N-glycosylations"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Glycoproteins undergo <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">O- and N-glycosylations</span><br> " "Sugars in O-linkage are added directly to the protein in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""golgi"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""gylcosyl transferases"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Sugars in O-linkage are added directly to the protein in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">golgi</span> by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">gylcosyl transferases</span><br> " "R in blood is either a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""protein or a lipid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""R in blood is either a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">protein or a lipid</span><br> " "Type <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""O"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> blood has no sugar linked to Gal of H substance""Type <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">O</span> blood has no sugar linked to Gal of H substance<br> " "Type <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""A"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> blood has GalNAc linked to the Gal of the H substance""Type <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">A</span> blood has GalNAc linked to the Gal of the H substance<br> " "Type <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""B"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> blood has galactose linked to Gal of the H substance""Type <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">B</span> blood has galactose linked to Gal of the H substance<br> " "Mucins are glycoproteins that contain more <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""carbs"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and are rich in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ser and thr"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Mucins are glycoproteins that contain more <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">carbs</span> and are rich in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ser and thr</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Salivary mucins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> have only one GLNAc linked to ser or thr and binds NANA to create negative charges""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Salivary mucins</span> have only one GLNAc linked to ser or thr and binds NANA to create negative charges<br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""621cc776ee0c48ff98709ce0ea429734-oa-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0lfefg3b.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""621cc776ee0c48ff98709ce0ea429734-oa-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0lfefg3b.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""621cc776ee0c48ff98709ce0ea429734-oa-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0lfefg3b.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""621cc776ee0c48ff98709ce0ea429734-oa-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0lfefg3b.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""621cc776ee0c48ff98709ce0ea429734-oa-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0lfefg3b.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""621cc776ee0c48ff98709ce0ea429734-oa-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0lfefg3b.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""621cc776ee0c48ff98709ce0ea429734-oa-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0lfefg3b.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""621cc776ee0c48ff98709ce0ea429734-oa-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0lfefg3b.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""621cc776ee0c48ff98709ce0ea429734-oa-5-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0lfefg3b.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""621cc776ee0c48ff98709ce0ea429734-oa-5-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0lfefg3b.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""621cc776ee0c48ff98709ce0ea429734-oa-6-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0lfefg3b.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""621cc776ee0c48ff98709ce0ea429734-oa-6-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0lfefg3b.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""621cc776ee0c48ff98709ce0ea429734-oa-7-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0lfefg3b.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""621cc776ee0c48ff98709ce0ea429734-oa-7-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0lfefg3b.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " Glycocalyx of endothelial cells functionsCell-cell recognition<br>Sieving barrier<br>Inhibition of platelet adherence<br>Prevention of leukocyte adhesion "Viruses bind to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""glycoproteins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> on the cell as the first step of infection""Viruses bind to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">glycoproteins</span> on the cell as the first step of infection<br> " "Bacterial toxins bind to a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""surface glycolipid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> before entering the cell""Bacterial toxins bind to a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">surface glycolipid</span> before entering the cell<br> " "E. coli attaches to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""mannose"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> residues in the plasma membrane""E. coli attaches to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">mannose</span> residues in the plasma membrane<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Hemochromatosis"" data-ordinal=""1"">[AR]</span> is most prominent in <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">Celtics</span>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Hemochromatosis</span> is most prominent in <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">Celtics</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Hemochromatosis</span> is most prominent in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Celtics"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Hemochromatosis</span> is most prominent in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">Celtics</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">α- and β-thalassaemia</span> are most prevelant in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Endemic malaria"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">α- and β-thalassaemia</span> are most prevelant in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">Endemic malaria</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""α- and&nbsp;β-thalassaemia"" data-ordinal=""1"">[AR]</span> are most prevelant in <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">Endemic malaria</span>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">α- and β-thalassaemia</span> are most prevelant in <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">Endemic malaria</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""SCD"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is most prominent in <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">African cultures</span>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">SCD</span> is most prominent in <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">African cultures</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">SCD</span> is most prominent in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""African cultures"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">SCD</span> is most prominent in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">African cultures</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""CF"" data-ordinal=""1"">[AR]</span> is most prominent in <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">Northern European cultures</span>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">CF</span> is most prominent in <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">Northern European cultures</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">CF</span> is most prominent in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Northern European cultures"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">CF</span> is most prominent in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">Northern European cultures</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Tay-Sachs"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> disease is most prominent in <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">Ashkenazi Jews</span>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Tay-Sachs</span> disease is most prominent in <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">Ashkenazi Jews</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Tay-Sachs</span> disease is most prominent in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Ashkenazi Jews"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Tay-Sachs</span> disease is most prominent in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">Ashkenazi Jews</span><br> " Permanent residents of CTFibroblasts<br>Adipose Cells<br>Macrophages/Monocytes<br>Mast Cells<br>Mesenchymal stem cells Transient cell population of CTLymphocytes<br>Plasma cells<br>Eosinophils<br>Basophils<br>Neutrophiles Key characteristics of multilocular adipocytesRich in mitochondira<br>Highly vascular<br>Rich in innervation " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""4c2f81d69ab54efd85837bb6d2050315-oa-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp8w886ne6.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""4c2f81d69ab54efd85837bb6d2050315-oa-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp8w886ne6.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""4c2f81d69ab54efd85837bb6d2050315-oa-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp8w886ne6.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""4c2f81d69ab54efd85837bb6d2050315-oa-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp8w886ne6.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "Collagen stains pink in H&E because it is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""eosinophilic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Collagen stains pink in H&E because it is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">eosinophilic</span><br> " "Reticular fibers are type <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""III"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> collagen""Reticular fibers are type <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">III</span> collagen<br> " "Reticular fibers are found in organs with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""large volume changes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Reticular fibers are found in organs with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">large volume changes</span><br> " Three developmental stages of elastic fibersOxytalan<br>Elaunin<br>Elastic Special stains for elastic fibersOrcein<br>Resorcin<br>Verhoeff's<br>Weigerts Functions of ground substanceGlue<br>Lubricant<br>Barrier Proteoglycan ground substance componentsAggrecan<br>Syndecan<br>Versican<br>Decorin Glycoprotein ground substance componentsFibronectin<br>Laminin<br>Chondronectin<br>Tenascin<br>Osteopontin Functions of connective tissueSupport (stroma)<br>Repair<br>Defense<br>Nutrition Components of mesenchymal connective tissueMesenchymal cells<br>Reticular fibers<br>GROUND SUBSTANCE Mucous connective tissue componentsMesenchymal cells<br>Ground substance (hyaluronan) "Wharton's jelly is made up of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""mucous connective tissue"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Wharton's jelly is made up of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">mucous connective tissue</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Loose connective tissue"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> has a large number of cells, rich blood supply, and beneath most epithelial linings""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Loose connective tissue</span> has a large number of cells, rich blood supply, and beneath most epithelial linings<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Dense irregular"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> connective tissue is resistant to strain in all directions""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Dense irregular</span> connective tissue is resistant to strain in all directions<br> " "Dense irregular connective tissue is seen in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""organ capsules"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""periosteum"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dermis"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Dense irregular connective tissue is seen in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">organ capsules</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">periosteum</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dermis</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Dense regular"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> connective tissue imparts tensile strength""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Dense regular</span> connective tissue imparts tensile strength<br> " "DRCT is composed of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""fibroblasts"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""collagen (I) fibers"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""DRCT is composed of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">fibroblasts</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">collagen (I) fibers</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""DRCT"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is located in the Achilles tendon""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">DRCT</span> is located in the Achilles tendon<br> " "Reticular connective tissue is composed of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""reticular fibers (III collagen)"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""fibroblasts"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Reticular connective tissue is composed of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">reticular fibers (III collagen)</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">fibroblasts</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Reticular"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> connective tissue forms a framework for the cellular constituents of various tissues and organs""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Reticular</span> connective tissue forms a framework for the cellular constituents of various tissues and organs<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Hypertrophic scar"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> occurs when a scar is more raised than normal but within original boundary""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Hypertrophic scar</span> occurs when a scar is more raised than normal but within original boundary<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Keloid scar"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> occurs when a scar extends into the surrounding tissue""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Keloid scar</span> occurs when a scar extends into the surrounding tissue<br> " "Drugs mostly bind through <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""reversible"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> mechanisms""Drugs mostly bind through <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">reversible</span> mechanisms<br> " Ion channel drugsLocal anesthetics<br>Sedative-hypnotics<br>Antiepileptics "Approximately <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""60%"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> of prescription drugs act by binding to G protein linked receptors""Approximately <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">60%</span> of prescription drugs act by binding to G protein linked receptors<br> " G protein-linked receptor drugsAlbuterol<br>Propranolol Receptor tyrosine kinase family includesInsulin receptors<br>Epidermal growth factor receptor "Tyrosine kinase receptors play an important role in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cellular growth and differentiation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Tyrosine kinase receptors play an important role in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">cellular growth and differentiation</span><br> " "Inhibitors of tyrosine kinase receptors are used as <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""anticancer agents"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Inhibitors of tyrosine kinase receptors are used as <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">anticancer agents</span><br> " Nuclear receptor drug examplesSteroid hormones<br>Thyroid hormone<br>Vitamin D Enzyme drugsAspirin<br>Ibuprofen<br>Omeprazole Major types of drug targetsIon channels<br>G-protein-linked receptors<br>Enzyme-linked receptors<br>Nuclear receptors<br>Enzymes<br>Transporters<br>Structural proteins " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""b934308feb58432d9a2041b18385efb7-oa-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp7_txvj_w.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""b934308feb58432d9a2041b18385efb7-oa-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp7_txvj_w.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""b934308feb58432d9a2041b18385efb7-oa-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp7_txvj_w.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""b934308feb58432d9a2041b18385efb7-oa-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp7_txvj_w.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""b934308feb58432d9a2041b18385efb7-oa-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp7_txvj_w.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""b934308feb58432d9a2041b18385efb7-oa-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp7_txvj_w.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""b934308feb58432d9a2041b18385efb7-oa-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp7_txvj_w.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""b934308feb58432d9a2041b18385efb7-oa-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp7_txvj_w.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "When K<sub>D</sub> is low, there is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""high"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> affinity""When K<sub>D</sub> is low, there is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">high</span> affinity<br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""1936262aa88c45b68f3d6e6fc1be1996-oa-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpv81ef7_3.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""1936262aa88c45b68f3d6e6fc1be1996-oa-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpv81ef7_3.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""1936262aa88c45b68f3d6e6fc1be1996-oa-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpv81ef7_3.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""1936262aa88c45b68f3d6e6fc1be1996-oa-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpv81ef7_3.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""1936262aa88c45b68f3d6e6fc1be1996-oa-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpv81ef7_3.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""1936262aa88c45b68f3d6e6fc1be1996-oa-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpv81ef7_3.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""1936262aa88c45b68f3d6e6fc1be1996-oa-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpv81ef7_3.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""1936262aa88c45b68f3d6e6fc1be1996-oa-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpv81ef7_3.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "An <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""agonist"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> doesn't have to occupy all receptors to evoke a full response""An <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">agonist</span> doesn't have to occupy all receptors to evoke a full response<br> " "The presence of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""spare receptors"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> indicates that there is signal amplification""The presence of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">spare receptors</span> indicates that there is signal amplification<br> " "EC<sub>50</sub> is lower than K<sub>D</sub> when there is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""signal amplifaction"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""EC<sub>50</sub> is lower than K<sub>D</sub> when there is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">signal amplifaction</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Efficacy"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the magnitude of the response a drug produces""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Efficacy</span> is the magnitude of the response a drug produces<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Maximal efficacy"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the greatest effect a drug can produce""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Maximal efficacy</span> is the greatest effect a drug can produce<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Potency"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a measure of the concentration or amount of drug necessary to produce an effect of a given magnitude""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Potency</span> is a measure of the concentration or amount of drug necessary to produce an effect of a given magnitude<br> " "The <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""EC<sub>50</sub>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> of a drug is usually used to determine potency""The <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">EC<sub>50</sub></span> of a drug is usually used to determine potency<br> " "An <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""agonist"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a drug that binds to and activates a receptor in a way that brings about an effect""An <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">agonist</span> is a drug that binds to and activates a receptor in a way that brings about an effect<br> " "An <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""antagonist"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> inhibits the action of an agonist but has no effect in the absence of the agonist""An <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">antagonist</span> inhibits the action of an agonist but has no effect in the absence of the agonist<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Agonists"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> have receptor affinity and efficacy""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Agonists</span> have receptor affinity and efficacy<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Antagonist"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> have receptor affinity but no efficacy""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Antagonist</span> have receptor affinity but no efficacy<br> " "Reversible competitive antagonists shift the agonist concentration-effect curve to the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""right"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Reversible competitive antagonists shift the agonist concentration-effect curve to the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">right</span><br> " "Noncompetitive antagonism is considered <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""allosteric"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and is insurmountable""Noncompetitive antagonism is considered <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">allosteric</span> and is insurmountable<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Physiological antagonism"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is when one drug opposes another drug through different receptors""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Physiological antagonism</span> is when one drug opposes another drug through different receptors<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Chemical antagonist"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> reacts chemically with an agonist to form an inactive product""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Chemical antagonist</span> reacts chemically with an agonist to form an inactive product<br> " "A <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""partial agonist"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> can act as a competitive antagonist in the presence of a full agonist by competing with the full agonist for receptor occupancy, thus reducing the response to the full agonist""A <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">partial agonist</span> can act as a competitive antagonist in the presence of a full agonist by competing with the full agonist for receptor occupancy, thus reducing the response to the full agonist<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Inverse agonists"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> reverse the constitutive activity of a receptor""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Inverse agonists</span> reverse the constitutive activity of a receptor<br> " "Activity in the absence of an agonist is called <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""constitutive activity"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Activity in the absence of an agonist is called <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">constitutive activity</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ED<sub>50</sub>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the dose at which 50% of individuals exhibit the specified quantal effect""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ED<sub>50</sub></span> is the dose at which 50% of individuals exhibit the specified quantal effect<br> " "Dose required to produce a particular toxic effect in 50% of animals is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""TD<sub>50</sub>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Dose required to produce a particular toxic effect in 50% of animals is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">TD<sub>50</sub></span><br> " "Dose required to cause death in 50% of animals is the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""LD<sub>50</sub>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Dose required to cause death in 50% of animals is the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">LD<sub>50</sub></span><br> " "Therapeutic index is the ration of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""TD<sub>50</sub>&nbsp;or LD<sub>50</sub>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> to the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ED<sub>50</sub>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Therapeutic index is the ration of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">TD<sub>50</sub> or LD<sub>50</sub></span> to the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ED<sub>50</sub></span><br> " "The <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""therapeutic window"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the dosage range between the minimum effective therapeutic concentration and the minimum toxic concentration""The <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">therapeutic window</span> is the dosage range between the minimum effective therapeutic concentration and the minimum toxic concentration<br> " "Connective tissue proper contains <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""loose"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dense"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> connective tissue""Connective tissue proper contains <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">loose</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dense</span> connective tissue<br> " "Embyronic connective tissue is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""mesenchyme"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""mucous"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> connective tissue""Embyronic connective tissue is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">mesenchyme</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">mucous</span> connective tissue<br> " "Closing of the triple-helix is done with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""disulfide bonds"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> at the N-terminal propeptides""Closing of the triple-helix is done with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">disulfide bonds</span> at the N-terminal propeptides<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Absorption"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the transfer of a drug from its site of adminstration to the bloodstream""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Absorption</span> is the transfer of a drug from its site of adminstration to the bloodstream<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Nonionized"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> molecules are usually lipsoluble and can diffuse through the cell membrane""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Nonionized</span> molecules are usually lipsoluble and can diffuse through the cell membrane<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Ionized"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> molecules are usually unable to penetrate the lipid membrane because of their low liposolubility""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Ionized</span> molecules are usually unable to penetrate the lipid membrane because of their low liposolubility<br> " "HA (weak acid) is the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""protonated"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> form""HA (weak acid) is the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">protonated</span> form<br> " "In acids the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""protonated"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> form will permeate through the membranes""In acids the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">protonated</span> form will permeate through the membranes<br> " "With weak bases the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""unprotonated"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> form will penetrate through the cell membrane""With weak bases the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">unprotonated</span> form will penetrate through the cell membrane<br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ebbb75a80e1d482c8836e6c93fe3764b-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpden0fmup.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ebbb75a80e1d482c8836e6c93fe3764b-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpden0fmup.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "For each unit of pH above the pK, the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""[unprotonated]"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> will be ten times the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""[protonated]"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""For each unit of pH above the pK, the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">[unprotonated]</span> will be ten times the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">[protonated]</span><br> " "For each unit of pH below the pK, the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""[protonated]"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> will be ten times the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""[unprotonated]"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""For each unit of pH below the pK, the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">[protonated]</span> will be ten times the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">[unprotonated]</span><br> " "If a drug is in a liposoluble form during its passage down the renal tubule, a significant fraction will be <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""reaborbed by passive diffusion"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""If a drug is in a liposoluble form during its passage down the renal tubule, a significant fraction will be <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">reaborbed by passive diffusion</span><br> " "Weak acids are excreted faster in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""alkaline urine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Weak acids are excreted faster in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">alkaline urine</span><br> " "Weak bases are excreted faster in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""acidic urine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Weak bases are excreted faster in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">acidic urine</span><br> " "Most drug absorption occurs at the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""small intestine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Most drug absorption occurs at the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">small intestine</span><br> " "Blood flow to the intestine is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""much greater"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> than the flow to the stomach""Blood flow to the intestine is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">much greater</span> than the flow to the stomach<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""P-gylcoprotein"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is responsible for transporting several drugs across cell membrane""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">P-gylcoprotein</span> is responsible for transporting several drugs across cell membrane<br> " "P-glycoprotein <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""reduces"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> drug absorption""P-glycoprotein <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">reduces</span> drug absorption<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Bioavailability"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is determined comparing the area under the curve after a particular route of administration with the area under the curve after IV injection""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Bioavailability</span> is determined comparing the area under the curve after a particular route of administration with the area under the curve after IV injection<br> " "Area under the curve reflects the extent of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""absorption"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Area under the curve reflects the extent of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">absorption</span><br> " "Bioavailability for IV drugs administered is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""100%"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Bioavailability for IV drugs administered is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">100%</span><br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""9e11eca2c0884797b5bcf1e48b2630f9-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpp864hn8s.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""9e11eca2c0884797b5bcf1e48b2630f9-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpp864hn8s.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " Amount of drug distributed into tissues is determined byBlood flow<br>Drug binding to plasma proteins<br>Drug tissue binding<br>Drug liposolubility "Accumulated drug may serve as a reservoir that <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""prolongs drug action"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Accumulated drug may serve as a reservoir that <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">prolongs drug action</span><br> " "Drug penetration into the brain depends on <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""transcellular"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> transport""Drug penetration into the brain depends on <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">transcellular</span> transport<br> " "To enter the CNS, drugs must be highly <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""liposoluble"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> or have an <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""active transporter"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""To enter the CNS, drugs must be highly <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">liposoluble</span> or have an <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">active transporter</span><br> " "Drug elimination through <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""metabolism"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""excretion"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Drug elimination through <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">metabolism</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">excretion</span><br> " "Metabolism generates more <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""polar"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> metabolites that are readily excreted""Metabolism generates more <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">polar</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">inactive</span> metabolites that are readily excreted<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Cytochrome P450"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> system is responsible for the metabolism of 80% of all drugs""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Cytochrome P450</span> system is responsible for the metabolism of 80% of all drugs<br> " "P450 enzyme induction typically occurs via <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""increased transcription"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""P450 enzyme induction typically occurs via <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">increased transcription</span><br> " Drugs that increase the synthesis of one or more P450 isoformsRifampin<br>Phenobarbital<br>Carbamazepine<br>St. John's Wart "Drugs can enter hepatocytes and bind to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""xenobiotic receptors"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Drugs can enter hepatocytes and bind to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">xenobiotic receptors</span><br> " Enzyme inductions's clinical consequencesDrug can increase its own metabolism<br>Drug can increase the metabolism of coadministered drug<br>May reduce drug [plasma] below therapeutic levels "St. John's wort increases the metabolism of various drugs by inducing <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""CYP3A4"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""St. John's wort increases the metabolism of various drugs by inducing <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">CYP3A4</span><br> " Drugs that inhibit cytochromes P450Cimetidine<br>Erythromycin<br>Chloramphenicol<br>Grapefruit juice "Grapefruit juice inhibits <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""felodipine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> metabolism""Grapefruit juice inhibits <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">felodipine</span> metabolism<br> " "In bacteria, regulated genes have an upstream region adjacent to the promoter call the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""operator"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""In bacteria, regulated genes have an upstream region adjacent to the promoter call the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">operator</span><br> " "Two main types of regulatory protein: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""repressors"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""activators"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Two main types of regulatory protein: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">repressors</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">activators</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Repressors"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> bind to an operator region and prevent transcription""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Repressors</span> bind to an operator region and prevent transcription<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Activators"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> bind to or near an operator region to intiate transcription""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Activators</span> bind to or near an operator region to intiate transcription<br> " "If lactose is present E. coli produces three protein products: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Z, Y, A"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""If lactose is present E. coli produces three protein products: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Z, Y, A</span><br> " "LacZ is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""β-galactosidase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""LacZ is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">β-galactosidase</span><br> " "LacY is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Permease"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""LacY is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Permease</span><br> " "LacA is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Transacetylase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""LacA is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Transacetylase</span><br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ec61914abac1407ab70731a752ffb0a3-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp8op1813g.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ec61914abac1407ab70731a752ffb0a3-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp8op1813g.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ec61914abac1407ab70731a752ffb0a3-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp8op1813g.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ec61914abac1407ab70731a752ffb0a3-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp8op1813g.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ec61914abac1407ab70731a752ffb0a3-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp8op1813g.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ec61914abac1407ab70731a752ffb0a3-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp8op1813g.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ec61914abac1407ab70731a752ffb0a3-ao-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp8op1813g.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ec61914abac1407ab70731a752ffb0a3-ao-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp8op1813g.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ec61914abac1407ab70731a752ffb0a3-ao-5-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp8op1813g.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ec61914abac1407ab70731a752ffb0a3-ao-5-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp8op1813g.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ec61914abac1407ab70731a752ffb0a3-ao-6-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp8op1813g.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ec61914abac1407ab70731a752ffb0a3-ao-6-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp8op1813g.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""LacI"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> gene encodes a repressor protein that shuts the system down when lactose is not present""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">LacI</span> gene encodes a repressor protein that shuts the system down when lactose is not present<br> " "When a repressor is used to turn the system off, that system is under <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""negative control"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""When a repressor is used to turn the system off, that system is under <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">negative control</span><br> " "Genetic expression of lac operon occurs only if <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cAMP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> directly stimulates RNA production""Genetic expression of lac operon occurs only if <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">cAMP</span> directly stimulates RNA production<br> " "cAMP binds to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""activator protein CRP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> which can bind lacP to help activate transcription""cAMP binds to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">activator protein CRP</span> which can bind lacP to help activate transcription<br> " "Allolactose binds to a repressor protein causing a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""conformational"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> change that prevents the repressor binding""Allolactose binds to a repressor protein causing a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">conformational</span> change that prevents the repressor binding<br> " "Lac Operon will only be transcribed when <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""lactose is present and glucose is absent"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Lac Operon will only be transcribed when <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">lactose is present and glucose is absent</span><br> " "Cis-acting elements are DNA sequences that are bound by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""trans-acting regulatory factors"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Cis-acting elements are DNA sequences that are bound by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">trans-acting regulatory factors</span><br> " Cis regulatory elementsBasal promoter sequence<br>Proximal control regions<br>Enhancer sequence "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Basal promoter sequence"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> - these bind the general transcription factor proteins which are associated with RNA Pol""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Basal promoter sequence</span> - these bind the general transcription factor proteins which are associated with RNA Pol<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Proximal control regions"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> - these bind transcription factor proteins, and are found near the promoter""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Proximal control regions</span> - these bind transcription factor proteins, and are found near the promoter<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Enhancer sequence"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> - found far upstream from the promoter""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Enhancer sequence</span> - found far upstream from the promoter<br> " "Trans factors and RNA Pol will bind the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""core promoter region"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Trans factors and RNA Pol will bind the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">core promoter region</span><br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""7b38104a39e74f4b84c3e5ce7ece89e5-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmplu5qlchv.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""7b38104a39e74f4b84c3e5ce7ece89e5-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmplu5qlchv.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""7b38104a39e74f4b84c3e5ce7ece89e5-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmplu5qlchv.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""7b38104a39e74f4b84c3e5ce7ece89e5-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmplu5qlchv.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""7b38104a39e74f4b84c3e5ce7ece89e5-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmplu5qlchv.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""7b38104a39e74f4b84c3e5ce7ece89e5-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmplu5qlchv.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Dimerization domain"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>: two transcription factors bind together to form functional DNA binding unit""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Dimerization domain</span>: two transcription factors bind together to form functional DNA binding unit<br> " Three examples of eukaryotic transcription factors that must dimerize to functionZinc finger<br>Helix-turn-helix<br>Leucine zipper Three modes transcription factors may act as repressorCompetition<br>Quenching<br>Blocking "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Quenching"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> occurs when a repressor protein binds to & interferes with the DNA-binding domain of an activator protein""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Quenching</span> occurs when a repressor protein binds to & interferes with the DNA-binding domain of an activator protein<br> " "Oxygen-breathing species express highly conserved transcription protein complex <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Hif-1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Oxygen-breathing species express highly conserved transcription protein complex <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Hif-1</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">HIF1α and HIF1β</span> tfs must dimerize to form <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""HRE"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">HIF1α and HIF1β</span> tfs must dimerize to form <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">HRE</span><br> " "Hypoxia Response element sequence is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""TACGTG"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Hypoxia Response element sequence is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">TACGTG</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""HIF1α and HIF1β"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span> tfs must dimerize to form <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">HRE</span>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">HIF1α and HIF1β</span> tfs must dimerize to form <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">HRE</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""HIF1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> regulates gene responses to low oxygen""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">HIF1</span> regulates gene responses to low oxygen<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Prolyl hydroxylase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> regulates HIF1""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Prolyl hydroxylase</span> regulates HIF1<br> " "At high oxygen HIF1α is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hydroylated"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""degraded by proteosome"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""At high oxygen HIF1α is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">hydroylated</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">degraded by proteosome</span><br> " "In low/no oxygen HIF1α <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dimerizes with HIF1β"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> to enhance oxygen delivery""In low/no oxygen HIF1α <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dimerizes with HIF1β</span> to enhance oxygen delivery<br> " "Glucocorticoid receptor is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""zinc-finger"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> type TF""Glucocorticoid receptor is a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">zinc-finger</span> type TF<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Glucocorticoid receptor complex"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">up-regulates</span> expression of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"">anti-inflammatory</span> genes and <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">represses</span> expression of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"">pro-inflammatory</span> proteins""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Glucocorticoid receptor complex</span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">up-regulates</span> expression of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"">anti-inflammatory</span> genes and <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">represses</span> expression of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"">pro-inflammatory</span> proteins<br> " "DNA sequence of the glucocorticoid response element appears as <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""palindromic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> at ends""DNA sequence of the glucocorticoid response element appears as <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">palindromic</span> at ends<br> " "Hormone response elements are DNA sequences found in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""promoter"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""regulatory"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> sequences of many genes""Hormone response elements are DNA sequences found in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">promoter</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">regulatory</span> sequences of many genes<br> " "Glucocorticoid receptor dimer requires <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""coactivator proteins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> to interact with the basal transcription machinery""Glucocorticoid receptor dimer requires <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">coactivator proteins</span> to interact with the basal transcription machinery<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Myc/max"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> system is a regulatory mechanism for switching between gene activation or repression in eukaryotes""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Myc/max</span> system is a regulatory mechanism for switching between gene activation or repression in eukaryotes<br> " "Myc may not bind to DNA unless it is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dimerized"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Myc may not bind to DNA unless it is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dimerized</span><br> " "Myc DNA binding domain code is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""CACGTG"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Myc DNA binding domain code is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">CACGTG</span><br> " "In absence of Myc, Max forms a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""homodimer"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> & <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""represses gene transcription"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""In absence of Myc, Max forms a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">homodimer</span> & <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">represses gene transcription</span><br> " "In non-proliferating cells, only <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Max"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is expressed""In non-proliferating cells, only <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Max</span> is expressed<br> " "In presence of Myc: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""myc/max heterodimer is formed to activate gene expression"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""In presence of Myc: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">myc/max heterodimer is formed to activate gene expression</span><br> " "Myc overexpression favors Myc/Max complexes impairs <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""differentiation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Myc overexpression favors Myc/Max complexes impairs <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">differentiation</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""HbF"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is tetramer of 2 α-chains and 2 γ-chains""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">HbF</span> is tetramer of 2 α-chains and 2 γ-chains<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""HbA"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a tetramer of 2 α-chains and 2 β-chains""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">HbA</span> is a tetramer of 2 α-chains and 2 β-chains<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""HbA<sub>2</sub>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a tetramer of 2 α-chains and 2 δ-chains""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">HbA<sub>2</sub></span> is a tetramer of 2 α-chains and 2 δ-chains<br> " "miRNA regulates expression by <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">repressing mRNA translation</span> <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""endogenously"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""miRNA regulates expression by <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">repressing mRNA translation</span> <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">endogenously</span><br> " "miRNA regulates expression by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""repressing mRNA translation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">endogenously</span>""miRNA regulates expression by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">repressing mRNA translation</span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">endogenously</span><br> " "siRNA regulates expression by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""mRNA degradation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">exogenously</span>""siRNA regulates expression by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">mRNA degradation</span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">exogenously</span><br> " "siRNA regulates expression by <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">mRNA degradation</span> <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""exogenously"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""siRNA regulates expression by <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">mRNA degradation</span> <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">exogenously</span><br> " "Long Pri-miRNAs are precessed to pre miRNA hairpin structures by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Drosha"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Long Pri-miRNAs are precessed to pre miRNA hairpin structures by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Drosha</span><br> " "Pre-miRNA transported to cytoplasm by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Exportin 5"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Pre-miRNA transported to cytoplasm by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Exportin 5</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Dicer</span> further processes pre-miRNA to ssRNA and initiates formation of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""RISC"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Dicer</span> further processes pre-miRNA to ssRNA and initiates formation of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">RISC</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Dicer"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> further processes pre-miRNA to ssRNA and initiates formation of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">RISC</span>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Dicer</span> further processes pre-miRNA to ssRNA and initiates formation of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">RISC</span><br> " "miRNA RISC binds <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""imperfectly to 3' untranslated region"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> of target mRNA""miRNA RISC binds <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">imperfectly to 3' untranslated region</span> of target mRNA<br> " miRNA stepsPri-miRNA - Drosha<br>Pre-miRNA - Exportin 5<br>Dicer<br>RISC "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Dicer"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> also processes long dsRNA into siRNA""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Dicer</span> also processes long dsRNA into siRNA<br> " "siRNA <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">perfectly binds 3' untranslated region</span> of target mRNA which leads to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""endonuclease activity"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""siRNA <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">perfectly binds 3' untranslated region</span> of target mRNA which leads to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">endonuclease activity</span><br> " "siRNA <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""perfectly binds 3' untranslated region"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> of target mRNA which leads to <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">endonuclease activity</span>""siRNA <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">perfectly binds 3' untranslated region</span> of target mRNA which leads to <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">endonuclease activity</span><br> " "Imperfect base pairing prevents <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""interaction of the translational machinery with 5' cap structure"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Imperfect base pairing prevents <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">interaction of the translational machinery with 5' cap structure</span><br> " "Perfect pairing activates <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""RISC endonuclease AGO2 activity"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and mRNA will be cleaved""Perfect pairing activates <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">RISC endonuclease AGO2 activity</span> and mRNA will be cleaved<br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""46e7198c35ac4da394b48fd96da743af-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpepxn6mda.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""46e7198c35ac4da394b48fd96da743af-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpepxn6mda.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Glucocorticoid receptor complex</span> <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""up-regulates"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span> expression of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"">anti-inflammatory</span> genes and <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">represses</span> expression of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"">pro-inflammatory</span> proteins""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Glucocorticoid receptor complex</span> <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">up-regulates</span> expression of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"">anti-inflammatory</span> genes and <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">represses</span> expression of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"">pro-inflammatory</span> proteins<br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Glucocorticoid receptor complex</span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">up-regulates</span> expression of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"">anti-inflammatory</span> genes and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""represses"" data-ordinal=""3"">[...]</span> expression of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"">pro-inflammatory</span> proteins""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Glucocorticoid receptor complex</span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">up-regulates</span> expression of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"">anti-inflammatory</span> genes and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""3"">represses</span> expression of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"">pro-inflammatory</span> proteins<br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Glucocorticoid receptor complex</span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">up-regulates</span> expression of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""anti-inflammatory"" data-ordinal=""4"">[...]</span> genes and <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">represses</span> expression of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"">pro-inflammatory</span> proteins""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Glucocorticoid receptor complex</span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">up-regulates</span> expression of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""4"">anti-inflammatory</span> genes and <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">represses</span> expression of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"">pro-inflammatory</span> proteins<br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Glucocorticoid receptor complex</span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">up-regulates</span> expression of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"">anti-inflammatory</span> genes and <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">represses</span> expression of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""pro-inflammatory"" data-ordinal=""5"">[...]</span> proteins""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Glucocorticoid receptor complex</span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">up-regulates</span> expression of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"">anti-inflammatory</span> genes and <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">represses</span> expression of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""5"">pro-inflammatory</span> proteins<br> " Plasma concentration of a drug is a function ofRate of input<br>Rate of distrubtion into tissues<br>Rate of elimination "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Volume of distribution (V<sub>d</sub>)"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>: a measure of the apparent space in the body available to contain the drug""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Volume of distribution (V<sub>d</sub>)</span>: a measure of the apparent space in the body available to contain the drug<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Clearance (CL)"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>: a measure of the body's ability to eliminate the drug""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Clearance (CL)</span>: a measure of the body's ability to eliminate the drug<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Bioavailability (F)"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>: the fraction of drug absorbed into the systemic circulation""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Bioavailability (F)</span>: the fraction of drug absorbed into the systemic circulation<br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""d11b4a9bfc864b6588e4326f6f813050-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2d_grdhg.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""d11b4a9bfc864b6588e4326f6f813050-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2d_grdhg.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "Drugs that have much higher concentrations in the extravascular tissue have a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""very high"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> V<sub>d</sub>""Drugs that have much higher concentrations in the extravascular tissue have a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">very high</span> V<sub>d</sub><br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""d5817c3b989a45ed87db9e0084466eeb-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpu2mt5ywg.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""d5817c3b989a45ed87db9e0084466eeb-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpu2mt5ywg.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""d5817c3b989a45ed87db9e0084466eeb-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpu2mt5ywg.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""d5817c3b989a45ed87db9e0084466eeb-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpu2mt5ywg.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""d5817c3b989a45ed87db9e0084466eeb-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpu2mt5ywg.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""d5817c3b989a45ed87db9e0084466eeb-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpu2mt5ywg.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "The main use of the volume of distribution is to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""determine the loading dose"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The main use of the volume of distribution is to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">determine the loading dose</span><br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dfd15b03d630428b9fab88e81031941f-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp5rqzdh1j.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dfd15b03d630428b9fab88e81031941f-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp5rqzdh1j.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "C<sub>0</sub> is the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""plasma concentration at time 0"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""C<sub>0</sub> is the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">plasma concentration at time 0</span><br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""860c3a218eaf4efe93966def7a3b6dd9-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpv2jyvb63.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""860c3a218eaf4efe93966def7a3b6dd9-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpv2jyvb63.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "Two major sites of drug elimination: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""kidneys"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""liver"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Two major sites of drug elimination: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">kidneys</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">liver</span><br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""29560c25809542878a9d08b986fe9be5-oa-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpns_r_m28.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""29560c25809542878a9d08b986fe9be5-oa-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpns_r_m28.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""29560c25809542878a9d08b986fe9be5-oa-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpns_r_m28.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""29560c25809542878a9d08b986fe9be5-oa-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpns_r_m28.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " Why do most drugs follow first order kinetics?Physiological mechanisms of drug elimination are not saturated "Half-life is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""constant"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> for drugs eliminated by first-order kinetics""Half-life is a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">constant</span> for drugs eliminated by first-order kinetics<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Steady-state concentration C<sub>ss</sub>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>: drug will accumulate until the amount adminstarted per unit time is equal to the amount eliminated per unit""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Steady-state concentration C<sub>ss</sub></span>: drug will accumulate until the amount adminstarted per unit time is equal to the amount eliminated per unit<br> " "Steady state is attained after about <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""4"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> half-lives""Steady state is attained after about <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">4</span> half-lives<br> " "Drug has been effectively eliminated after about <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""4"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> half-lives""Drug has been effectively eliminated after about <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">4</span> half-lives<br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""64bfdd7e755d444799b7db124d0377fb-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpuqlddpwu.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""64bfdd7e755d444799b7db124d0377fb-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpuqlddpwu.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "Doubling the infustion rate <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""doubles"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> the C<sub>ss</sub>""Doubling the infustion rate <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">doubles</span> the C<sub>ss</sub><br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ee4beeb25f0144a9a6f746aa98958e47-oa-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2bd47tw0.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ee4beeb25f0144a9a6f746aa98958e47-oa-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2bd47tw0.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ee4beeb25f0144a9a6f746aa98958e47-oa-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2bd47tw0.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ee4beeb25f0144a9a6f746aa98958e47-oa-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2bd47tw0.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ee4beeb25f0144a9a6f746aa98958e47-oa-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2bd47tw0.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ee4beeb25f0144a9a6f746aa98958e47-oa-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2bd47tw0.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ee4beeb25f0144a9a6f746aa98958e47-oa-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2bd47tw0.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ee4beeb25f0144a9a6f746aa98958e47-oa-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2bd47tw0.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ee4beeb25f0144a9a6f746aa98958e47-oa-5-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2bd47tw0.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ee4beeb25f0144a9a6f746aa98958e47-oa-5-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2bd47tw0.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ee4beeb25f0144a9a6f746aa98958e47-oa-6-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2bd47tw0.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ee4beeb25f0144a9a6f746aa98958e47-oa-6-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2bd47tw0.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ee4beeb25f0144a9a6f746aa98958e47-oa-7-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2bd47tw0.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ee4beeb25f0144a9a6f746aa98958e47-oa-7-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2bd47tw0.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ee4beeb25f0144a9a6f746aa98958e47-oa-8-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2bd47tw0.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ee4beeb25f0144a9a6f746aa98958e47-oa-8-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2bd47tw0.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " Zero order elimination observed in what drugs?Aspirin at high doses<br>Ethanol<br>Phenytoin "Elimination is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""zero"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>-order""Elimination is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">zero</span>-order<br> " "Zero-order elimination means that <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""a constant amount of drug is eliminated per unit time"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Zero-order elimination means that <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">a constant amount of drug is eliminated per unit time</span><br> " "Clearance varies with the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""concentration of drug"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Clearance varies with the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">concentration of drug</span><br> " Dosing plan is based on:Therapeutic window<br>Clearance<br>V<sub>d</sub> " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""120ae6293acd477d999d5b0e0f1f962c-oa-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmppspgp9ov.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""120ae6293acd477d999d5b0e0f1f962c-oa-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmppspgp9ov.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""120ae6293acd477d999d5b0e0f1f962c-oa-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmppspgp9ov.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""120ae6293acd477d999d5b0e0f1f962c-oa-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmppspgp9ov.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""120ae6293acd477d999d5b0e0f1f962c-oa-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmppspgp9ov.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""120ae6293acd477d999d5b0e0f1f962c-oa-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmppspgp9ov.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""de4ac510ff204d07a28012393ea99d3e-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2bo6cuxk.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""de4ac510ff204d07a28012393ea99d3e-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2bo6cuxk.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""45936e7a25134bb3b58d44a93da0f1ee-oa-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpc4py7205.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""45936e7a25134bb3b58d44a93da0f1ee-oa-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpc4py7205.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""45936e7a25134bb3b58d44a93da0f1ee-oa-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpc4py7205.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""45936e7a25134bb3b58d44a93da0f1ee-oa-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpc4py7205.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""7e07ce1821bb4751ba00f301ffa40cff-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpew2r6kvo.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""7e07ce1821bb4751ba00f301ffa40cff-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpew2r6kvo.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "Drug C<sub>ss</sub> and the rate at which steady state is approached are not affected by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dosing frequency"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Drug C<sub>ss</sub> and the rate at which steady state is approached are not affected by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dosing frequency</span><br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""5ebc449b81f34ecfa14ece7ca9f3be91-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp_vkompmi.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""5ebc449b81f34ecfa14ece7ca9f3be91-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp_vkompmi.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""44a329a03d1b472ba57051dd85115522-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp7ra48ny1.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""44a329a03d1b472ba57051dd85115522-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp7ra48ny1.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""7c9f6c90478c45c9a60fdc4b470eb644-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpdpb0i9cl.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""7c9f6c90478c45c9a60fdc4b470eb644-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpdpb0i9cl.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""9d411209ddac4e6d8fd4464166f38567-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpx85d6xbu.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""9d411209ddac4e6d8fd4464166f38567-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpx85d6xbu.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""6ddc0c390015451687638da97d8d9683-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpgfssaxdk.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""6ddc0c390015451687638da97d8d9683-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpgfssaxdk.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "For the lac operon, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""CRP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> enhances the ability of RNA polymerase to transcribe the lac operon""For the lac operon, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">CRP</span> enhances the ability of RNA polymerase to transcribe the lac operon<br> " "LacI repressor protein binds to the operator sequence of the lac operon in the absence of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""allolactose"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""LacI repressor protein binds to the operator sequence of the lac operon in the absence of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">allolactose</span><br> " "In the presence of only glucose the repressor is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""bound"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and the activator is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""not bound"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""In the presence of only glucose the repressor is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">bound</span> and the activator is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">not bound</span><br> " "In the lacI gene the repressor binds to the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""operator"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""In the lacI gene the repressor binds to the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">operator</span><br> " "In the lacO<sup>-</sup> mutation, there's an inability of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""lacI to bind to DNA"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""In the lacO<sup>-</sup> mutation, there's an inability of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">lacI to bind to DNA</span><br> " "CRP binds <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""near the promoter"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""CRP binds <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">near the promoter</span><br> " "The inducer of the lac operon (LacI) of E. coli binds to the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""repressor"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The inducer of the lac operon (LacI) of E. coli binds to the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">repressor</span><br> " "Cis-regulatory elements are best described as <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""DNA sequences"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Cis-regulatory elements are best described as <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">DNA sequences</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Transcriptional activator"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> proteins bind regions near a eukaryotic gene and assist with RNA polymerase binding""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Transcriptional activator</span> proteins bind regions near a eukaryotic gene and assist with RNA polymerase binding<br> " "Imatinib is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""tyrosine kinase receptor drug"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Imatinib is a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">tyrosine kinase receptor drug</span><br> " "Antidepressants are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""neurotransmitter transporters"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> disrupters""Antidepressants are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">neurotransmitter transporters</span> disrupters<br> " "Vinblastine is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""structural protein"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> altering drug""Vinblastine is a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">structural protein</span> altering drug<br> " "Albuterol is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""B2 agonist"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Albuterol is a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">B2 agonist</span><br> " "Propanolol is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""B-antagonists"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Propanolol is a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">B-antagonists</span><br> " "Carbamazepine is an <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""antiepileptic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Carbamazepine is an <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">antiepileptic</span><br> " "Reticular connective tissue can be found in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hemopoietic/lympathic tissue"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""liver"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""endocrine tissue"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""spleen"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""testes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""nerve tissue"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Reticular connective tissue can be found in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">hemopoietic/lympathic tissue</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">liver</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">endocrine tissue</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">spleen</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">testes</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">nerve tissue</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Dystrophin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a rod-shaped cytoskeletal protein which links to ECM proteins lamin & argin found in external lamina of myocyte""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Dystrophin</span> is a rod-shaped cytoskeletal protein which links to ECM proteins lamin & argin found in external lamina of myocyte<br> " "Dystrophin forms a complex with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dystroglycans"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""sarcoglycans"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Dystrophin forms a complex with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dystroglycans</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">sarcoglycans</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Dystroglycans"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> links dystrophin and laminin of ECM""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Dystroglycans</span> links dystrophin and laminin of ECM<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Sarcoglycans"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> associate with dystoglycans""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Sarcoglycans</span> associate with dystoglycans<br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""f3c786f6ba50496a8f4f755c80a1c477-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprjajth6o.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""f3c786f6ba50496a8f4f755c80a1c477-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprjajth6o.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""f3c786f6ba50496a8f4f755c80a1c477-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprjajth6o.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""f3c786f6ba50496a8f4f755c80a1c477-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprjajth6o.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""f3c786f6ba50496a8f4f755c80a1c477-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprjajth6o.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""f3c786f6ba50496a8f4f755c80a1c477-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprjajth6o.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""f3c786f6ba50496a8f4f755c80a1c477-ao-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprjajth6o.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""f3c786f6ba50496a8f4f755c80a1c477-ao-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprjajth6o.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""f3c786f6ba50496a8f4f755c80a1c477-ao-5-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprjajth6o.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""f3c786f6ba50496a8f4f755c80a1c477-ao-5-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprjajth6o.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""f3c786f6ba50496a8f4f755c80a1c477-ao-6-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprjajth6o.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""f3c786f6ba50496a8f4f755c80a1c477-ao-6-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprjajth6o.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Sarcomere"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the functional unit of the myofibril and the basic unit of contraction""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Sarcomere</span> is the functional unit of the myofibril and the basic unit of contraction<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""SER"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> forms a network around the myofibrils and stores Ca<sup>2+</sup>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">SER</span> forms a network around the myofibrils and stores Ca<sup>2+</sup><br> " "Depolarization of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""T tubule"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> membrane triggers release of Ca<sup>2+</sup> from terminal cisterna & initiates muscle contraction cycle""Depolarization of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">T tubule</span> membrane triggers release of Ca<sup>2+</sup> from terminal cisterna & initiates muscle contraction cycle<br> " "There is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> neuromuscular junction per muscle fiber""There is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">1</span> neuromuscular junction per muscle fiber<br> " "Depolarization is propagated along the entire length in a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""sequential"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> manner""Depolarization is propagated along the entire length in a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">sequential</span> manner<br> " "NMJ is covered by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Schwann cell external lamina"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""NMJ is covered by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Schwann cell external lamina</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Muscle spindles"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are specialized stretch receptors located in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""muscle belly"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Muscle spindles</span> are specialized stretch receptors located in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">muscle belly</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Golgi tendon organ"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> senses tension in the muscle""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Golgi tendon organ</span> senses tension in the muscle<br> " "Myasthenia affects the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""NMJ"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Myasthenia affects the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">NMJ</span><br> " "In <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Myasthenia gravis"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> Ach receptor Abs block and attack ACh receptors in the postsynaptic membrane""In <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Myasthenia gravis</span> Ach receptor Abs block and attack ACh receptors in the postsynaptic membrane<br> " "In cardiac muscles, SR is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""single network along the sarcomere"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""In cardiac muscles, SR is a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">single network along the sarcomere</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Intercalated discs"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are attachment sites between adjacent cardiac myocytes""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Intercalated discs</span> are attachment sites between adjacent cardiac myocytes<br> " "Transverse intercalated disc components are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""fascia adherens"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""maculae aderentes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Transverse intercalated disc components are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">fascia adherens</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">maculae aderentes</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Purkinje fibers"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are specialized to conduct impulses of the A-V bundle and allow synchronization of ventricular contraction""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Purkinje fibers</span> are specialized to conduct impulses of the A-V bundle and allow synchronization of ventricular contraction<br> " "Purkinje fibers stain pale due to having <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""few myofibrils"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and large amounts of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""glycogen"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Purkinje fibers stain pale due to having <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">few myofibrils</span> and large amounts of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">glycogen</span><br> " "Smooth muscle cells are interconnected with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""gap junctions/nexus"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Smooth muscle cells are interconnected with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">gap junctions/nexus</span><br> " "Smooth muscle cells contain <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""SR"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""pintocytotic vesicles"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dense bodies"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Smooth muscle cells contain <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">SR</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">pintocytotic vesicles</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dense bodies</span><br> " "Smooth muscles cells secrete connective tissue matrix which means they have well-developed <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""rER"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> & <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""golgi"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Smooth muscles cells secrete connective tissue matrix which means they have well-developed <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">rER</span> & <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">golgi</span><br> " "Smooth muscles cells synthesize both type <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""IV"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""III"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> collagen""Smooth muscles cells synthesize both type <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">IV</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">III</span> collagen<br> " "Smooth muscle thick filaments contain <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""myosin II"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Smooth muscle thick filaments contain <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">myosin II</span><br> " "Smooth muscle thin filaments contain <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""actin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""tropomyosin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""caldesmon"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""calponin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Smooth muscle thin filaments contain <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">actin</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">tropomyosin</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">caldesmon</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">calponin</span><br> " "Smooth muscle accessory proteins are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""MLCK"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""α-actinin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""calmodulin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Smooth muscle accessory proteins are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">MLCK</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">α-actinin</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">calmodulin</span><br> " "In smooth muscles, dense bodies attach <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""thin and intermediate filaments"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""In smooth muscles, dense bodies attach <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">thin and intermediate filaments</span><br> " "Dense bodies are made up of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""desmin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Dense bodies are made up of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">desmin</span><br> " "Dense bodies in vascular smooth muscle contain <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""vimentin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""desmin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Dense bodies in vascular smooth muscle contain <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">vimentin</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">desmin</span><br> " "Instead of T tubules, smooth muscles contain <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""caveolae"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cytoplasmic vesicles"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Instead of T tubules, smooth muscles contain <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">caveolae</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">cytoplasmic vesicles</span><br> " "Smooth muscle contractile myofilaments are oriented <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""obliquely"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Smooth muscle contractile myofilaments are oriented <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">obliquely</span><br> " Smooth muscle contraction stepsIncrease Ca<sup>2+</sup><br>Ca<sup>2+</sup>-calmodulin complex<br>Binds MLCK<br>Phosphorylates light chain myosin<br>Actin-binding site of myosin head is activated and attaches to actin " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""6752e56f05d14f4798ae4aba7ff60580-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpm5gdv0y4.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""6752e56f05d14f4798ae4aba7ff60580-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpm5gdv0y4.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""6752e56f05d14f4798ae4aba7ff60580-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpm5gdv0y4.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""6752e56f05d14f4798ae4aba7ff60580-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpm5gdv0y4.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""6752e56f05d14f4798ae4aba7ff60580-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpm5gdv0y4.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""6752e56f05d14f4798ae4aba7ff60580-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpm5gdv0y4.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""6752e56f05d14f4798ae4aba7ff60580-ao-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpm5gdv0y4.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""6752e56f05d14f4798ae4aba7ff60580-ao-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpm5gdv0y4.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""6752e56f05d14f4798ae4aba7ff60580-ao-5-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpm5gdv0y4.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""6752e56f05d14f4798ae4aba7ff60580-ao-5-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpm5gdv0y4.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Epimysium"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is dense connective tissue encasing multiple fascicles""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Epimysium</span> is dense connective tissue encasing multiple fascicles<br> " "Epimysium continues with tendon to attach muscle at the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""myotendinous juction"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Epimysium continues with tendon to attach muscle at the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">myotendinous juction</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Perimysium"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> groups skeletal myocytes/fibers and forms <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""fascicle"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Perimysium</span> groups skeletal myocytes/fibers and forms <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">fascicle</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Endomysium"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a delicate layer of reticular fibers that surrounds individual muscle fiber""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Endomysium</span> is a delicate layer of reticular fibers that surrounds individual muscle fiber<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Myofibrils"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are specialized organelles composed of cytoskeletal elements""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Myofibrils</span> are specialized organelles composed of cytoskeletal elements<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Myofilaments"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are the contractile elements of myofibrils""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Myofilaments</span> are the contractile elements of myofibrils<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Mesenchymal"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> cells form myoblasts""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Mesenchymal</span> cells form myoblasts<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Skeletal"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> myocytes are elongated and multinucleated""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Skeletal</span> myocytes are elongated and multinucleated<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Cardiac"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> myocytes are branched""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Cardiac</span> myocytes are branched<br> " "Cardiac myocytes contain diuretic hormones: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ANP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""BNP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Cardiac myocytes contain diuretic hormones: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ANP</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">BNP</span><br> " "Smooth muscle cells are organized into <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""bundles"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Smooth muscle cells are organized into <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">bundles</span><br> " Skeletal muscle descriptionMultiple nuclei peripherally<br>Long cylindrical cells<br>Striations Cardiac muscle descriptionsIntercalated discs<br>Centrally located nucleus<br>Branched cells<br>Striations Smooth muscle descriptionSpindle-shaped cells<br>Centrally located nucleus "The light band is known as the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""I band"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The light band is known as the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">I band</span><br> " "The dark band is known as the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""A band"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The dark band is known as the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">A band</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Sarcomere"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is defined as the segment of myofibril between two adjacent Z lines""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Sarcomere</span> is defined as the segment of myofibril between two adjacent Z lines<br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-5-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-5-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-6-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-6-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-7-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-7-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-8-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-8-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-9-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-9-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-10-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-10-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-11-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-11-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-12-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-12-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-13-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-13-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-14-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-14-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-15-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-15-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-16-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-16-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-17-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-17-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-18-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-18-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-19-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""dad1128b787f434082e294375cda7730-ao-19-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpq9l9lc56.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "Skeletal muscle thin filaments are composed of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""tropomyosin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""trophomodulin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""tropomodulin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Skeletal muscle thin filaments are composed of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">tropomyosin</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">trophomodulin</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">tropomodulin</span><br> " "Troponin <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""C"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> binds calcium""Troponin <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">C</span> binds calcium<br> " "Troponin <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""T"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> binds to tropomyosin and anchors troponin complex""Troponin <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">T</span> binds to tropomyosin and anchors troponin complex<br> " "Troponin <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""I"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> inhibits actin-myosin interaction""Troponin <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">I</span> inhibits actin-myosin interaction<br> " "Myomesin and C-protiein bind to align <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""thick filaments at M line"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Myomesin and C-protiein bind to align <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">thick filaments at M line</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Myosin binding protein C"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is associated with the M line and important for the assembly and stabilization of the thick filament""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Myosin binding protein C</span> is associated with the M line and important for the assembly and stabilization of the thick filament<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Titin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> keeps thick filament centered between two Z lines of the sarcomere and prevents excessive stretching""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Titin</span> keeps thick filament centered between two Z lines of the sarcomere and prevents excessive stretching<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Nebulin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> helps anchor thin filaments at Z line and regulates length of thin filaments during development""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Nebulin</span> helps anchor thin filaments at Z line and regulates length of thin filaments during development<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""α-actinin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> bundles and helps stabilize thin filaments at Z line""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">α-actinin</span> bundles and helps stabilize thin filaments at Z line<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Desmin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> surrounds the sarcomere at Z lines attaching them to one another and to the sarcolemma""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Desmin</span> surrounds the sarcomere at Z lines attaching them to one another and to the sarcolemma<br> " "During sliding the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""sarcomere"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> shortens and becomes thicker""During sliding the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">sarcomere</span> shortens and becomes thicker<br> " "During sliding the A band <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""remains constant"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""During sliding the A band <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">remains constant</span><br> " "During sliding the I band and H band both <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""decrease in size"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""During sliding the I band and H band both <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">decrease in size</span><br> " "During sliding <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Z lines"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are drawn closer to the ends of A bands""During sliding <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Z lines</span> are drawn closer to the ends of A bands<br> " Stages of the contraction cycleAttachment<br>Release<br>Bending<br>Force generation<br>Reattachment "In <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""attachment"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, myosin heads are tightly bound actin""In <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">attachment</span>, myosin heads are tightly bound actin<br> " "In release, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ATP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> binds to myosin head""In release, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ATP</span> binds to myosin head<br> " "In <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""bending"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, ATP hydrolysis induces conformation change and movement of myosin head which advances""In <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">bending</span>, ATP hydrolysis induces conformation change and movement of myosin head which advances<br> " "In <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""force generation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, Myosin head binds weakly to new binding site on adjacent actin""In <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">force generation</span>, Myosin head binds weakly to new binding site on adjacent actin<br> " "In <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""powerstroke"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, myosin head generates force as it returns to original position""In <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">powerstroke</span>, myosin head generates force as it returns to original position<br> " "Cell body of a neuron is called <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""perikaryon"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Cell body of a neuron is called <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">perikaryon</span><br> " "The dendrite is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""unmyleinated"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The dendrite is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">unmyleinated</span><br> " "Axonal transport is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""bidirectional"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Axonal transport is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">bidirectional</span><br> " "Anterograde axonal transport is done via <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""kinesin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Anterograde axonal transport is done via <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">kinesin</span><br> " "Retrograde axonal transport is done via <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dynein"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Retrograde axonal transport is done via <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dynein</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Sensory"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> ganglia have centrally located cell body, no synaptic connections, and are pseudounipolar""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Sensory</span> ganglia have centrally located cell body, no synaptic connections, and are pseudounipolar<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Sympathetic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> ganglion has eccentric cell bodies with multiple processes and dispersed multipolar cell bodies""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Sympathetic</span> ganglion has eccentric cell bodies with multiple processes and dispersed multipolar cell bodies<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Neuroglia"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> cells are non-neuronal cells that support, insulate or nourish neurons""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Neuroglia</span> cells are non-neuronal cells that support, insulate or nourish neurons<br> " "The two types of astrocytes are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""protoplasmic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""fibrous"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The two types of astrocytes are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">protoplasmic</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">fibrous</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Astrocytes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> provide support, regulate movement of waste, maintain BBB, and protect neurons""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Astrocytes</span> provide support, regulate movement of waste, maintain BBB, and protect neurons<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Protoplasmic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> astrocytes are in gray matter, have branching cytoplasmic processes, and maintain blood-CSF barrier""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Protoplasmic</span> astrocytes are in gray matter, have branching cytoplasmic processes, and maintain blood-CSF barrier<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Fibrous"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> astrocytes are in white matter and have straight cytoplasmic processes""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Fibrous</span> astrocytes are in white matter and have straight cytoplasmic processes<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Microglia"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> stem from hematopoietic line, they phagocytize, and have spikes""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Microglia</span> stem from hematopoietic line, they phagocytize, and have spikes<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Oligodendrocytes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> myelinates axon in CNS and has larger Nodes of Ranvier""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Oligodendrocytes</span> myelinates axon in CNS and has larger Nodes of Ranvier<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""One"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> oligodendrocyte myelinates portions of several axons""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">One</span> oligodendrocyte myelinates portions of several axons<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Ependymal cells"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are epithelim lining of the CNS cavities, are cuboidal, and found in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""choroid plexus"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Ependymal cells</span> are epithelim lining of the CNS cavities, are cuboidal, and found in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">choroid plexus</span><br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ea66a29368ef45dc843caff11ad0e1b2-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp_k2r04jf.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ea66a29368ef45dc843caff11ad0e1b2-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp_k2r04jf.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Schwann cells"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span> myelinate neurons in <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">PNS</span>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">Schwann cells</span> myelinate neurons in <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">PNS</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">Schwann cells</span> myelinate neurons in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""PNS"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">Schwann cells</span> myelinate neurons in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">PNS</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Several"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> Schwann cells myelinate portions of one axon""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Several</span> Schwann cells myelinate portions of one axon<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Satellite cells"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are small cuboidal cells that are electrical insulators and regulate metabolic exchange""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Satellite cells</span> are small cuboidal cells that are electrical insulators and regulate metabolic exchange<br> " "Schwann cell plasma membrane forms two polarized domains: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""abaxonal"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""adaxonal"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Schwann cell plasma membrane forms two polarized domains: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">abaxonal</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">adaxonal</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Mesoaxon"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is formed when the abaxonal and adaxonal membranes connect""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Mesoaxon</span> is formed when the abaxonal and adaxonal membranes connect<br> " "Thickness of the myelin sheath is determined by the diameter of the axon regulated by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""neuregulin (Ngr-1) protein"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Thickness of the myelin sheath is determined by the diameter of the axon regulated by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">neuregulin (Ngr-1) protein</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Inner collar"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> of Schwann cell in cytoplasm between axon and myelin""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Inner collar</span> of Schwann cell in cytoplasm between axon and myelin<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Schmidt-Lantermann clefts"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are small islands of cytoplasm within lamella of myelin""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Schmidt-Lantermann clefts</span> are small islands of cytoplasm within lamella of myelin<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Perinodal cytoplasm"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is at the node of Ranvier""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Perinodal cytoplasm</span> is at the node of Ranvier<br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ad29b30d13c74868934dd22aa7160a7c-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp3__wvc1q.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ad29b30d13c74868934dd22aa7160a7c-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp3__wvc1q.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ad29b30d13c74868934dd22aa7160a7c-ao-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp3__wvc1q.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ad29b30d13c74868934dd22aa7160a7c-ao-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp3__wvc1q.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ad29b30d13c74868934dd22aa7160a7c-ao-6-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp3__wvc1q.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""ad29b30d13c74868934dd22aa7160a7c-ao-6-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp3__wvc1q.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "Somatic Nervous system is under <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""voluntary control"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Somatic Nervous system is under <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">voluntary control</span><br> " "Visceral PNS is under <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""involuntary control"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Visceral PNS is under <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">involuntary control</span><br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""f1239640c9014f3bb71ece9aaf11cbbe-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwbv3ym9h.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""f1239640c9014f3bb71ece9aaf11cbbe-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwbv3ym9h.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""f1239640c9014f3bb71ece9aaf11cbbe-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwbv3ym9h.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""f1239640c9014f3bb71ece9aaf11cbbe-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwbv3ym9h.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Efferent"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> pathways sends signal to the muscle/organs""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Efferent</span> pathways sends signal to the muscle/organs<br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7e26bc0578146119a398b61c2730ab4-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2le1al1x.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7e26bc0578146119a398b61c2730ab4-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2le1al1x.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7e26bc0578146119a398b61c2730ab4-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2le1al1x.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7e26bc0578146119a398b61c2730ab4-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2le1al1x.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7e26bc0578146119a398b61c2730ab4-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2le1al1x.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7e26bc0578146119a398b61c2730ab4-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2le1al1x.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7e26bc0578146119a398b61c2730ab4-ao-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2le1al1x.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7e26bc0578146119a398b61c2730ab4-ao-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2le1al1x.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7e26bc0578146119a398b61c2730ab4-ao-6-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2le1al1x.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7e26bc0578146119a398b61c2730ab4-ao-6-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2le1al1x.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7e26bc0578146119a398b61c2730ab4-ao-7-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2le1al1x.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7e26bc0578146119a398b61c2730ab4-ao-7-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2le1al1x.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7e26bc0578146119a398b61c2730ab4-ao-8-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2le1al1x.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7e26bc0578146119a398b61c2730ab4-ao-8-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2le1al1x.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7e26bc0578146119a398b61c2730ab4-ao-9-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2le1al1x.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7e26bc0578146119a398b61c2730ab4-ao-9-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2le1al1x.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7e26bc0578146119a398b61c2730ab4-ao-11-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2le1al1x.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""e7e26bc0578146119a398b61c2730ab4-ao-11-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp2le1al1x.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""d2142b94fe5349f29e362ab735c9ec01-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp1fnj6lv7.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""d2142b94fe5349f29e362ab735c9ec01-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp1fnj6lv7.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""fc2dee37885249a39338157c6fc233ac-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpufqevdqn.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""fc2dee37885249a39338157c6fc233ac-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpufqevdqn.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""c08ce38c15b9463ea63887db908e623b-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp3w0_eqq0.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""c08ce38c15b9463ea63887db908e623b-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp3w0_eqq0.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "Plasmogens are in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""myelin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Plasmogens are in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">myelin</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""White"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> matter is composed of myelinated tracts of axons""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">White</span> matter is composed of myelinated tracts of axons<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Gray"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> matter is composed of neuronal cell bodies""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Gray</span> matter is composed of neuronal cell bodies<br> " "Collection of cell bodies in the CNS is called a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""nucleus"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Collection of cell bodies in the CNS is called a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">nucleus</span><br> " "Collection of axons in the CNS is called a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""tract"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Collection of axons in the CNS is called a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">tract</span><br> " "Collection of cell bodies in the PNS is called a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ganglion"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Collection of cell bodies in the PNS is called a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ganglion</span><br> " "Collection of axons in the PNS is called a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""peripheral nerve"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Collection of axons in the PNS is called a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">peripheral nerve</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Gyri"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are folds in the brain""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Gyri</span> are folds in the brain<br> " "Gyri are separated by grooves called <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""sulci"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Gyri are separated by grooves called <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">sulci</span><br> " "The <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""longitudinal fissures"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a deep groove that separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres""The <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">longitudinal fissures</span> is a deep groove that separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres<br> " "The <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""thalamus"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> relays and modulates sensory input to the cerebrum""The <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">thalamus</span> relays and modulates sensory input to the cerebrum<br> " "The <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hypothalamus"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is part of homeostasis, growth, and reproduction""The <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">hypothalamus</span> is part of homeostasis, growth, and reproduction<br> " 12 pairs of cranial nervesCortex - CN 1 - 2<br>Midbrain - CN 3 - 4<br>Pons - CN 5 - 9<br>Medulla - CN 9 - 12 "Spinal cord has two types of tissues: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""nuclei"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""tracts"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Spinal cord has two types of tissues: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">nuclei</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">tracts</span><br> " "Spinal cord <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""nuclei"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the inner gray matter with cell bodies of neurons and glial cells""Spinal cord <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">nuclei</span> is the inner gray matter with cell bodies of neurons and glial cells<br> " "Spinal cord <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""tracts"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> have myelinated axons and are neural highways""Spinal cord <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">tracts</span> have myelinated axons and are neural highways<br> " 31 pairs of spinal nerves8 Cervical<br>12 Thoracic<br>5 Lumbar<br>5 Sacral<br>1 Coccygeal " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""38e50ab582e049a7872c158c01316456-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprj0ut_ed.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""38e50ab582e049a7872c158c01316456-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprj0ut_ed.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""38e50ab582e049a7872c158c01316456-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprj0ut_ed.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""38e50ab582e049a7872c158c01316456-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprj0ut_ed.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""38e50ab582e049a7872c158c01316456-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprj0ut_ed.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""38e50ab582e049a7872c158c01316456-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprj0ut_ed.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""38e50ab582e049a7872c158c01316456-ao-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprj0ut_ed.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""38e50ab582e049a7872c158c01316456-ao-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprj0ut_ed.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""38e50ab582e049a7872c158c01316456-ao-5-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprj0ut_ed.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""38e50ab582e049a7872c158c01316456-ao-5-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprj0ut_ed.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""38e50ab582e049a7872c158c01316456-ao-6-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprj0ut_ed.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""38e50ab582e049a7872c158c01316456-ao-6-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprj0ut_ed.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""38e50ab582e049a7872c158c01316456-ao-7-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprj0ut_ed.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""38e50ab582e049a7872c158c01316456-ao-7-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprj0ut_ed.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""38e50ab582e049a7872c158c01316456-ao-8-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprj0ut_ed.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""38e50ab582e049a7872c158c01316456-ao-8-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprj0ut_ed.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""38e50ab582e049a7872c158c01316456-ao-9-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprj0ut_ed.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""38e50ab582e049a7872c158c01316456-ao-9-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprj0ut_ed.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""38e50ab582e049a7872c158c01316456-ao-10-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprj0ut_ed.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""38e50ab582e049a7872c158c01316456-ao-10-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprj0ut_ed.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""38e50ab582e049a7872c158c01316456-ao-11-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprj0ut_ed.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""38e50ab582e049a7872c158c01316456-ao-11-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprj0ut_ed.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""38e50ab582e049a7872c158c01316456-ao-12-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprj0ut_ed.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""38e50ab582e049a7872c158c01316456-ao-12-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprj0ut_ed.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " Common types of neurotransmittersAcetylcholine<br>Catecolamines<br>Serotonin<br>Amino Acids<br>Nitric oxide<br>Small peptides "NMJ contains no <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""mylein"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""NMJ contains no <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">mylein</span><br> " "In <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cardiac"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> muscle the T-tubules are located at the Z line and contain voltage-sensor proteins""In <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">cardiac</span> muscle the T-tubules are located at the Z line and contain voltage-sensor proteins<br> " "Lateral components of smooth muscle are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""gap junctions"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""macula adherens"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Lateral components of smooth muscle are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">gap junctions</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">macula adherens</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Afferent"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> pathway sends signal away from the sensation""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Afferent</span> pathway sends signal away from the sensation<br> " "Motor neurons are typically <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""multipolar"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> neurons""Motor neurons are typically <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">multipolar</span> neurons<br> " "Sensory neurons are typically <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""pseudounipolar"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> neurons""Sensory neurons are typically <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">pseudounipolar</span> neurons<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Dura"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> mater is the outer covering of the brain, ""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Dura</span> mater is the outer covering of the brain, <br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Dura"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> mater is composed of DCT and is vascular""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Dura</span> mater is composed of DCT and is vascular<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Arachnoid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> mater is the middle layer of the meninges that drains CSF into blood stream""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Arachnoid</span> mater is the middle layer of the meninges that drains CSF into blood stream<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Arachnoid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> mater is made of LCT, is lined back-to-back by simple squamous and is avascular""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Arachnoid</span> mater is made of LCT, is lined back-to-back by simple squamous and is avascular<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Pia"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> mater lies directly on the brain and spinal cord""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Pia</span> mater lies directly on the brain and spinal cord<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Pia"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> mater is made of vascular LCT and interacts with ependymal cells""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Pia</span> mater is made of vascular LCT and interacts with ependymal cells<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Ventral grey horn"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> contains α-motor neurons cell bodies""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Ventral grey horn</span> contains α-motor neurons cell bodies<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Dorsal grey horn"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> contains central segments of sensory neurons and cell bodies""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Dorsal grey horn</span> contains central segments of sensory neurons and cell bodies<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Lateral grey horn"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> contains cell bodies of visceral neurons""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Lateral grey horn</span> contains cell bodies of visceral neurons<br> " "Central canal contains <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""CSF"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Central canal contains <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">CSF</span><br> " "α-motor neuron is also called <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""golgi type 1 neurons"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""α-motor neuron is also called <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">golgi type 1 neurons</span><br> " "α-motor neurons are abundant in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Nissl bodies"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and embedded in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""neuropil"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""α-motor neurons are abundant in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Nissl bodies</span> and embedded in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">neuropil</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Neuropil"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a meshwork of tissue in grey matter excluding the cell bodies""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Neuropil</span> is a meshwork of tissue in grey matter excluding the cell bodies<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Neuropil"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is comprised of dendritic and axonal processes, and central glial cells""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Neuropil</span> is comprised of dendritic and axonal processes, and central glial cells<br> " "Central canal is made up of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ependymal cells"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cilia"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Central canal is made up of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ependymal cells</span> with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">cilia</span><br> " "The main cell type in the cerebrum is the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""pyramidal cells"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The main cell type in the cerebrum is the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">pyramidal cells</span><br> " "Pryamidal cells are typically found in layers <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">III</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""V"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span> of the cerebrum""Pryamidal cells are typically found in layers <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">III</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">V</span> of the cerebrum<br> " "Pryamidal cells are typically found in layers <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""III"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">V</span> of the cerebrum""Pryamidal cells are typically found in layers <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">III</span> and <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">V</span> of the cerebrum<br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""5d78b3135c1844fa87b0080e0b008350-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpov3450p1.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""5d78b3135c1844fa87b0080e0b008350-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpov3450p1.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""5d78b3135c1844fa87b0080e0b008350-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpov3450p1.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""5d78b3135c1844fa87b0080e0b008350-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpov3450p1.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = 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src=""5d78b3135c1844fa87b0080e0b008350-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpov3450p1.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""5d78b3135c1844fa87b0080e0b008350-ao-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpov3450p1.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""5d78b3135c1844fa87b0080e0b008350-ao-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpov3450p1.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""5d78b3135c1844fa87b0080e0b008350-ao-5-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpov3450p1.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""5d78b3135c1844fa87b0080e0b008350-ao-5-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpov3450p1.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""5d78b3135c1844fa87b0080e0b008350-ao-6-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpov3450p1.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""5d78b3135c1844fa87b0080e0b008350-ao-6-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpov3450p1.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Purkinje cells"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are located between outer molecular layer and inner granular layer""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Purkinje cells</span> are located between outer molecular layer and inner granular layer<br> " "Purkinje cells have an apical dendrite that <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""arborizes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in molecular layer""Purkinje cells have an apical dendrite that <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">arborizes</span> in molecular layer<br> " "Granule cells carry excitatory signals to the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cerebellum"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Granule cells carry excitatory signals to the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">cerebellum</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Choroid plexus"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is invaginated folds of pia mater containing tufts of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""fenestrated"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> capillaries""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Choroid plexus</span> is invaginated folds of pia mater containing tufts of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">fenestrated</span> capillaries<br> " "Choroid plexus houses the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""CSF"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Choroid plexus houses the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">CSF</span><br> " "BBB contains <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""continuous"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> capillaries""BBB contains <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">continuous</span> capillaries<br> " "The <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""epineurium"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> of the peripheral nerve is made of DCT and carrys blood vessels supplying the nerves""The <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">epineurium</span> of the peripheral nerve is made of DCT and carrys blood vessels supplying the nerves<br> " "Perineurium is made up of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""epitheloid myofibroblasts"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> that have contractile properties""Perineurium is made up of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">epitheloid myofibroblasts</span> that have contractile properties<br> " "Perineurium forms the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""blood-nerve barrier"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Perineurium forms the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">blood-nerve barrier</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Endonerirum"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is associated with individual nerve fiber/axon""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Endonerirum</span> is associated with individual nerve fiber/axon<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Endoneurium"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> consists of thin layer of reticular fibers produced by the Schwann cells""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Endoneurium</span> consists of thin layer of reticular fibers produced by the Schwann cells<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""BBB"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> protects the CNS from imbalances in surrounding environment""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">BBB</span> protects the CNS from imbalances in surrounding environment<br> " "The Circumventricular organs have no <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""BBB"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The Circumventricular organs have no <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">BBB</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Guillaine-Barre"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> occurs from post-infectous peripheral polyneuropathy""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Guillaine-Barre</span> occurs from post-infectous peripheral polyneuropathy<br> " "Guillain-Barre has damage to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""schwann cells"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Guillain-Barre has damage to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">schwann cells</span><br> " "Guillain-Barre's nerve fibers have large accumulation of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""lymphocytes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""macrophages"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""plasma cells"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Guillain-Barre's nerve fibers have large accumulation of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">lymphocytes</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">macrophages</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">plasma cells</span><br> " "Guillain-Barre leads to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""loss of muscle coordination"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Guillain-Barre leads to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">loss of muscle coordination</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""MS"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is selective loss of myelin sheath with axon preservation""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">MS</span> is selective loss of myelin sheath with axon preservation<br> " Three histological stages in demyelinating processMyelin breakdown<br>Proliferation of astrocytes<br>Reduced cellularity CNS response to injuryAbsent/slow regeneration-BBB<br>Ineffective phagocytosis<br>Myelin debris persists<br>Astrocyte scarring PNS response to injuryRapid regeneration<br>Macrophages migrate from blood<br>Complete interruption of blood-nerve barrier "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Wallerian degeneration"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the anterograde degeneration of axon distal to site of injury""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Wallerian degeneration</span> is the anterograde degeneration of axon distal to site of injury<br> " "PNS degeneration takes a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""few days"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""PNS degeneration takes a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">few days</span><br> " "CNS degeneration takes <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""several weeks"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""CNS degeneration takes <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">several weeks</span><br> " "In CNS, loss of axon contact initiate <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""apopototic cell death"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""In CNS, loss of axon contact initiate <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">apopototic cell death</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Chromatolysis"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> leads to loss of Nissl substance from cell body""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Chromatolysis</span> leads to loss of Nissl substance from cell body<br> " "Retrograde axonal transport is a route used by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""toxins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""viruses"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> to enter nervous system""Retrograde axonal transport is a route used by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">toxins</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">viruses</span> to enter nervous system<br> " 3 target tissues the visceral ANS innervatesSmooth muscle<br>Cardiac muscle<br>Glands "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Sympathetic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> controls organs in times of stress""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Sympathetic</span> controls organs in times of stress<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Parasympathetic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> controls organs when the body is at rest""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Parasympathetic</span> controls organs when the body is at rest<br> " Divisions of ANSSympathetic<br>Parasympathetic<br>Enteric Parasympathetic symptomsPupils constrict<br>HR slows<br>Lungs reduce O<sub>2</sub> intake<br>Stomach contracts Sympathetic effectsPupils dilate<br>HR faster<br>Lungs increase O<sub>2</sub> intake<br>Stomach contractions slow<br>Sweat glands activated "Sympathetic nervous system is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""catabolic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> system""Sympathetic nervous system is a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">catabolic</span> system<br> " "Parasympathetic nervous system is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""anabolic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> system""Parasympathetic nervous system is a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">anabolic</span> system<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Somatic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> motor neurons are one long, heavily myelinated axon extending from CNS to effector""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Somatic</span> motor neurons are one long, heavily myelinated axon extending from CNS to effector<br> " "Autonomic motor neurons contain <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""preganglionic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""postganglionic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> neurons""Autonomic motor neurons contain <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">preganglionic</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">postganglionic</span> neurons<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Preganglionic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> neurons are lightly myelinated""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Preganglionic</span> neurons are lightly myelinated<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Postganglionic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> neuron are unmyelinated""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Postganglionic</span> neuron are unmyelinated<br> " "In PSNS that postganglionic cell bodies are found in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""target organs"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""In PSNS that postganglionic cell bodies are found in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">target organs</span><br> " Cranial preganglion PSNS cell bodies areIII<br>VII<br>IX<br>X "Preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies are located <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""S2-S4"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies are located <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">S2-S4</span><br> " "Preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies are found in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""T1-L2"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies are found in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">T1-L2</span><br> " "Preaortic ganglia is located in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""abdomen"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Preaortic ganglia is located in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">abdomen</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Adrenergic/noradrenergic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a nerve ending that releases norepinephrine as the primary transmitter""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Adrenergic/noradrenergic</span> is a nerve ending that releases norepinephrine as the primary transmitter<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Adrenoceptor"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a receptor that binds and is activated by one of the catecholamine transmitters""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Adrenoceptor</span> is a receptor that binds and is activated by one of the catecholamine transmitters<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Barorecptor reflex"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a homeostatic mechanism that maintains a constant mean arterial blood pressure""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Barorecptor reflex</span> is a homeostatic mechanism that maintains a constant mean arterial blood pressure<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Cholinergic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a nerve ending that releases acetylcholine""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Cholinergic</span> is a nerve ending that releases acetylcholine<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Cholinoceptor"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a receptor that binds and is activated by Ach""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Cholinoceptor</span> is a receptor that binds and is activated by Ach<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Dopaminergic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a nerve ending that releases dopamine""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Dopaminergic</span> is a nerve ending that releases dopamine<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Homeostatic reflex"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a compensatory mechanism for maintaining body function at a predetermined level""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Homeostatic reflex</span> is a compensatory mechanism for maintaining body function at a predetermined level<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Noradrenergic/Noncholinergic system"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is nerve fibers associated with autonomic nerves that release any transmitter other than norepinephrine or acetylcholine""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Noradrenergic/Noncholinergic system</span> is nerve fibers associated with autonomic nerves that release any transmitter other than norepinephrine or acetylcholine<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Postsynaptic receptor"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a receptor that is located on the distal side of a synapse""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Postsynaptic receptor</span> is a receptor that is located on the distal side of a synapse<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Presynaptic receptor"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a receptor that is located on the nerve ending from which the transmitter is released""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Presynaptic receptor</span> is a receptor that is located on the nerve ending from which the transmitter is released<br> " Motor innervation of ANS in smooth muscle locationBlood vessels<br>GI tract<br>Bladder<br>Bronchial tree<br>Eye Motor innervation of ANS in endocrine glands locationPancreas<br>Adrenal Glands Motor innervation of ANS in exocrine glands locationLacrimal glands<br>Sweat glands<br>Salivary glands "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Vagus nerve"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>: parasympathetic fibers innveration of the thoracic and abdominal viscera""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Vagus nerve</span>: parasympathetic fibers innveration of the thoracic and abdominal viscera<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Vagomoty"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>: a surgical operation in which one or more branches of the vagus nerve are cut to reduce the rate of gastric secretion""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Vagomoty</span>: a surgical operation in which one or more branches of the vagus nerve are cut to reduce the rate of gastric secretion<br> " "Origin of the preganglionic neruon is in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""CNS"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Origin of the preganglionic neruon is in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">CNS</span><br> " "Origin of the postganglionic neuron is in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""autonomic ganglia"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in PNS""Origin of the postganglionic neuron is in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">autonomic ganglia</span> in PNS<br> " "Preganglionic neuron releases <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">ACh</span> which binds to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cholinergic nicotinic receptors"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""Preganglionic neuron releases <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">ACh</span> which binds to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">cholinergic nicotinic receptors</span><br> " "Preganglionic neuron releases <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ACh"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> which binds to <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">cholinergic nicotinic receptors</span>""Preganglionic neuron releases <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ACh</span> which binds to <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">cholinergic nicotinic receptors</span><br> " "Sympathetic has <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""short"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> preganglionic neurons and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""long"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> postganglionic neurons with a ratio of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""1:20"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Sympathetic has <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">short</span> preganglionic neurons and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">long</span> postganglionic neurons with a ratio of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">1:20</span><br> " "Somatic motor neurons arise in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ventral horn"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> of the spinal cord""Somatic motor neurons arise in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ventral horn</span> of the spinal cord<br> " "Somatic motor neurons exit through the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ventral roots"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Somatic motor neurons exit through the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ventral roots</span><br> " "After exiting ventral roots, somatic motor neurons join fibers of sensory neurons to form <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""spinal nerves"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""After exiting ventral roots, somatic motor neurons join fibers of sensory neurons to form <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">spinal nerves</span><br> " "Sympathetic preganglionic neurons arise in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""intermediolateral"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> horn of the thoracic and lumbar segments""Sympathetic preganglionic neurons arise in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">intermediolateral</span> horn of the thoracic and lumbar segments<br> " "Sympathetic preganglionic neurons project onto <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""postganglionic neruons"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""para/prevertebral ganglia"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Sympathetic preganglionic neurons project onto <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">postganglionic neruons</span> in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">para/prevertebral ganglia</span><br> " "Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons arise in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""nuclei"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in the brainstem and sacral segments""Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons arise in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">nuclei</span> in the brainstem and sacral segments<br> " "Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons project onto <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""postganglionic neurons"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in ganglia near <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""innervated organs"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons project onto <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">postganglionic neurons</span> in ganglia near <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">innervated organs</span><br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a3d180a19b1a4cd680638c02c1f3a4d1-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpl80qbel9.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a3d180a19b1a4cd680638c02c1f3a4d1-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpl80qbel9.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a3d180a19b1a4cd680638c02c1f3a4d1-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpl80qbel9.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a3d180a19b1a4cd680638c02c1f3a4d1-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpl80qbel9.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a3d180a19b1a4cd680638c02c1f3a4d1-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpl80qbel9.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a3d180a19b1a4cd680638c02c1f3a4d1-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpl80qbel9.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a3d180a19b1a4cd680638c02c1f3a4d1-ao-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpl80qbel9.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a3d180a19b1a4cd680638c02c1f3a4d1-ao-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpl80qbel9.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a3d180a19b1a4cd680638c02c1f3a4d1-ao-5-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpl80qbel9.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a3d180a19b1a4cd680638c02c1f3a4d1-ao-5-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpl80qbel9.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a3d180a19b1a4cd680638c02c1f3a4d1-ao-6-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpl80qbel9.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a3d180a19b1a4cd680638c02c1f3a4d1-ao-6-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpl80qbel9.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a3d180a19b1a4cd680638c02c1f3a4d1-ao-7-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpl80qbel9.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a3d180a19b1a4cd680638c02c1f3a4d1-ao-7-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpl80qbel9.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a3d180a19b1a4cd680638c02c1f3a4d1-ao-8-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpl80qbel9.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a3d180a19b1a4cd680638c02c1f3a4d1-ao-8-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpl80qbel9.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a3d180a19b1a4cd680638c02c1f3a4d1-ao-9-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpl80qbel9.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a3d180a19b1a4cd680638c02c1f3a4d1-ao-9-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpl80qbel9.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "SNS cell bodies of postsynaptic neurons occur either in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""paravertebral"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> ganglia of the sympathetic trunks or in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""pervertebral"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> ganglia""SNS cell bodies of postsynaptic neurons occur either in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">paravertebral</span> ganglia of the sympathetic trunks or in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">pervertebral</span> ganglia<br> " "Prevertebral ganglia are specifically involved in the innervation of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""abdominopelvic viscera"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Prevertebral ganglia are specifically involved in the innervation of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">abdominopelvic viscera</span><br> " "Parasympathetic has <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""long"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> preganglionic neurons and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""short"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> postganglionic neurons""Parasympathetic has <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">long</span> preganglionic neurons and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">short</span> postganglionic neurons<br> " "Ratio of parasympathetic preganglionic fibers to postganglionic fibers is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""3:1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Ratio of parasympathetic preganglionic fibers to postganglionic fibers is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">3:1</span><br> " "Sympathetic sweat glands is ACh from nicotinic to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""muscarinic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> receptors at target""Sympathetic sweat glands is ACh from nicotinic to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">muscarinic</span> receptors at target<br> " "Sympathetic cardiac/smooth muscle is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ACh"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> neurotransmitter to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""nicotinic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> recptors and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""NE"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> neurotransmitter to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""α/β"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> target receptor""Sympathetic cardiac/smooth muscle is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ACh</span> neurotransmitter to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">nicotinic</span> recptors and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">NE</span> neurotransmitter to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">α/β</span> target receptor<br> " "Sympathetic of renal vascular is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ACh"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> transmitter to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""nicotinic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> receptors, then <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""NE/D"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> transmitter to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""α/D"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> target receptor""Sympathetic of renal vascular is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ACh</span> transmitter to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">nicotinic</span> receptors, then <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">NE/D</span> transmitter to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">α/D</span> target receptor<br> " "Somatic skeletal muscle innervation is through voluntary motor nerve sending ACh to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""nicotinic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> receptor""Somatic skeletal muscle innervation is through voluntary motor nerve sending ACh to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">nicotinic</span> receptor<br> " "Adrenal medulla is directly innervated by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""preganglionic sympathetic fibers"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Adrenal medulla is directly innervated by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">preganglionic sympathetic fibers</span><br> " "Sweat glands are innervated by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cholinergic sympathetic postganglionic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> neurons""Sweat glands are innervated by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">cholinergic sympathetic postganglionic</span> neurons<br> " "Sweat gland receptors are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cholinergic muscarinic M3"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Sweat gland receptors are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">cholinergic muscarinic M3</span><br> " "Renal vasculature smooth muscle is innervated by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dopaminergic sympathetic postganglionic neurons"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Renal vasculature smooth muscle is innervated by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dopaminergic sympathetic postganglionic neurons</span><br> " "Renal vasculature smooth muscle receptors are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dopaminergic D1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Renal vasculature smooth muscle receptors are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dopaminergic D1</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Chromaffin cells"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> release catecholamines into the circulation from adrenal gland""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Chromaffin cells</span> release catecholamines into the circulation from adrenal gland<br> " "Pheochromocytoma is derived from <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""chromaffin cells"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Pheochromocytoma is derived from <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">chromaffin cells</span><br> " "Pheochromocytoma secretes <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""epinephrine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""norepinephrine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dopamine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Pheochromocytoma secretes <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">epinephrine</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">norepinephrine</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dopamine</span><br> " Symptoms of a pheochromocytomaElevated BP<br>Headache<br>Excessive sweating<br>Palpitations<br>Pallor "Acetyl CoA is synthesized in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""mitochondria"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Acetyl CoA is synthesized in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">mitochondria</span><br> " "Choline is transported into neuron terminal by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""sodium-dependent carrier CHT1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Choline is transported into neuron terminal by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">sodium-dependent carrier CHT1</span><br> " "ACh is synthesized in the cytoplasm as a product of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""acetyl-CoA"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""choline"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> catalyzed by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""choline acetyltransferase ChAT"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""ACh is synthesized in the cytoplasm as a product of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">acetyl-CoA</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">choline</span> catalyzed by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">choline acetyltransferase ChAT</span><br> " "ACh is transported into vesicles by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""vesicular ACh transporter VAChT"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""ACh is transported into vesicles by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">vesicular ACh transporter VAChT</span><br> " "ACh released when action potential reaches terminal and triggers calcium influx through <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""voltage-gated calcium channels"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""ACh released when action potential reaches terminal and triggers calcium influx through <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">voltage-gated calcium channels</span><br> " "The uptake of choline is the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""rate-limiting"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> step in ACh synthesis""The uptake of choline is the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">rate-limiting</span> step in ACh synthesis<br> " Cholinergic transmission steps in presynaptic nerve (short hand memory)Acetyl CoA<br>Sodium dependent carrier (CHT1)<br>Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)<br>Vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT)<br>Voltage-gated Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel Cholinergic transmission at synaptic cleftACh binds cholinergic receptors (N/M)<br>ACh binds presynaptic M<sub>2</sub> (inhibits Ach release)<br>AChE splits ACh into choline and acetate OrganophosphatesChlorothion<br>Co-Ral<br>DFP<br>Diazinon<br>Malathion<br>Paraoxon<br>Parathion<br>Phosdrin<br>TEPP<br>Thiol-TEPP "Organophosphates inhibit irreversibly the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""AChE"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Organophosphates inhibit irreversibly the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">AChE</span><br> " Muscarinic symptoms of organophophate poisoningDiarrhea<br>Urination<br>Miosis<br>Bronchospasm<br>Bradycardia<br>Emesis<br>Lacrimation<br>Sweating<br>Salivation CNS effects of organophosphate poisoningRespiratory depression<br>Lethargy<br>Seizures<br>Coma Nicotinic effects of organophosphate poisoningNeuromuscular blockade "Treatment for organophosphate poisoning is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""atropine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""pralidoxime"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Treatment for organophosphate poisoning is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">atropine</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">pralidoxime</span><br> " "Tyrosine is transported into the adrenergic neuron by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""system L"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Tyrosine is transported into the adrenergic neuron by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">system L</span><br> " "Tyrosine is converted to L-DOPA by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""tyrosine hydroxylase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Tyrosine is converted to L-DOPA by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">tyrosine hydroxylase</span><br> " "DOPA is converted to dopamine by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""DOPA decarboxylase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""DOPA is converted to dopamine by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">DOPA decarboxylase</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Vesicular monoamine transport (VMAT)"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> translocates dopamine into synaptic vesicles""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Vesicular monoamine transport (VMAT)</span> translocates dopamine into synaptic vesicles<br> " "Intravesicular <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dopamine-β-hydroxylase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> converts dopamine to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""NE"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Intravesicular <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dopamine-β-hydroxylase</span> converts dopamine to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">NE</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Tyrosine conversion to DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the rate-limiting step in the formation of NE""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Tyrosine conversion to DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase</span> is the rate-limiting step in the formation of NE<br> " Presynaptic nerve adrenergic transmission steps (short hand)Tyrosine-System L<br>Tyrosine hydroxylase<br>DOPA decarboxylase<br>VMAT<br>Dopamine-β-hydroxylase<br>NE Syneptic cleft of adrenergic transmissionNE binds adrenergic receptors -α/β<br>NE binds to presynaptic α<sub>2</sub><br>Termination by diffusion and reuptake via Na<sup>+</sup>-dependent NE transporter " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""34178449aa2f482aa885559195b57d35-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmptzekw_gu.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""34178449aa2f482aa885559195b57d35-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmptzekw_gu.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""34178449aa2f482aa885559195b57d35-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmptzekw_gu.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""34178449aa2f482aa885559195b57d35-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmptzekw_gu.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""34178449aa2f482aa885559195b57d35-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmptzekw_gu.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""34178449aa2f482aa885559195b57d35-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmptzekw_gu.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a5532266a97d49ad9d6ef371750ef56f-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp6_yj91s_.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a5532266a97d49ad9d6ef371750ef56f-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp6_yj91s_.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a5532266a97d49ad9d6ef371750ef56f-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp6_yj91s_.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a5532266a97d49ad9d6ef371750ef56f-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp6_yj91s_.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a5532266a97d49ad9d6ef371750ef56f-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp6_yj91s_.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a5532266a97d49ad9d6ef371750ef56f-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp6_yj91s_.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a5532266a97d49ad9d6ef371750ef56f-ao-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp6_yj91s_.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a5532266a97d49ad9d6ef371750ef56f-ao-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp6_yj91s_.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a5532266a97d49ad9d6ef371750ef56f-ao-5-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp6_yj91s_.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""a5532266a97d49ad9d6ef371750ef56f-ao-5-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp6_yj91s_.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""d08fc449c8134f7e8c2ca44ce2b1a635-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp_xef97ax.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""d08fc449c8134f7e8c2ca44ce2b1a635-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp_xef97ax.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""d08fc449c8134f7e8c2ca44ce2b1a635-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp_xef97ax.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""d08fc449c8134f7e8c2ca44ce2b1a635-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp_xef97ax.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""d08fc449c8134f7e8c2ca44ce2b1a635-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp_xef97ax.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""d08fc449c8134f7e8c2ca44ce2b1a635-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp_xef97ax.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""391c605f518e482da3caedaefd9598f2-oa-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprunftjjo.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""391c605f518e482da3caedaefd9598f2-oa-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprunftjjo.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""391c605f518e482da3caedaefd9598f2-oa-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprunftjjo.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""391c605f518e482da3caedaefd9598f2-oa-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprunftjjo.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""391c605f518e482da3caedaefd9598f2-oa-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprunftjjo.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""391c605f518e482da3caedaefd9598f2-oa-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprunftjjo.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""391c605f518e482da3caedaefd9598f2-oa-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprunftjjo.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""391c605f518e482da3caedaefd9598f2-oa-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprunftjjo.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""391c605f518e482da3caedaefd9598f2-oa-5-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprunftjjo.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""391c605f518e482da3caedaefd9598f2-oa-5-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprunftjjo.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""391c605f518e482da3caedaefd9598f2-oa-6-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprunftjjo.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""391c605f518e482da3caedaefd9598f2-oa-6-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmprunftjjo.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Polio"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Herpes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Rabies"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are neuroinvasive viruses working via retrograde transport""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Polio</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Herpes</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Rabies</span> are neuroinvasive viruses working via retrograde transport<br> " "Cholorotoxin is found in scorpion venom and inhibits the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""conductance of Cl<sup>-</sup>&nbsp;channels"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Cholorotoxin is found in scorpion venom and inhibits the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">conductance of Cl<sup>-</sup> channels</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Botulinum toxin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> blocks release or binds ACh in PNS""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Botulinum toxin</span> blocks release or binds ACh in PNS<br> " "Tetrodotoxin blocks <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Na channel function"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Tetrodotoxin blocks <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Na channel function</span><br> " "Tetanus toxin blocks the release of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""inhibitory neurotransmitters in CNS"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Tetanus toxin blocks the release of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">inhibitory neurotransmitters in CNS</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Myelin basic protein (MBP)"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Protein 0"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are important proteins expressed in Schwann cells""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Myelin basic protein (MBP)</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Protein 0</span> are important proteins expressed in Schwann cells<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Proteolipid protein (PLP)"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are important proteins expressed in oligodendrocytes""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Proteolipid protein (PLP)</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)</span> are important proteins expressed in oligodendrocytes<br> " "Origin of Schwann cells is the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""neural crest cells"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Origin of Schwann cells is the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">neural crest cells</span><br> " "Origin of oligodendrocytes are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""neuroectoderm"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Origin of oligodendrocytes are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">neuroectoderm</span><br> " "Schwann cells contain <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""many"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> Schmidt-Lanterman clefts""Schwann cells contain <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">many</span> Schmidt-Lanterman clefts<br> " "Oligodendrocytes consist of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""few"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> Schmidt-Lanterman clefts""Oligodendrocytes consist of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">few</span> Schmidt-Lanterman clefts<br> " "Nodes of Ranvier are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""small"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in Schwann cells""Nodes of Ranvier are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">small</span> in Schwann cells<br> " "Nodes of Ranvier are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""large"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in oligodendrocytes""Nodes of Ranvier are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">large</span> in oligodendrocytes<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Schwann cells"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> have external lamina in the PNS""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Schwann cells</span> have external lamina in the PNS<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Oligodendrocytes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> lack an external lamina""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Oligodendrocytes</span> lack an external lamina<br> " "The molecular layer contains <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""stellate"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""basket"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> cells""The molecular layer contains <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">stellate</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">basket</span> cells<br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""77c3c83637d648a697e46759bf17aff1-oa-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0oheivez.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""77c3c83637d648a697e46759bf17aff1-oa-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0oheivez.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""77c3c83637d648a697e46759bf17aff1-oa-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0oheivez.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""77c3c83637d648a697e46759bf17aff1-oa-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0oheivez.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""77c3c83637d648a697e46759bf17aff1-oa-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0oheivez.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""77c3c83637d648a697e46759bf17aff1-oa-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0oheivez.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""77c3c83637d648a697e46759bf17aff1-oa-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0oheivez.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""77c3c83637d648a697e46759bf17aff1-oa-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0oheivez.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""77c3c83637d648a697e46759bf17aff1-oa-5-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0oheivez.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""77c3c83637d648a697e46759bf17aff1-oa-5-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp0oheivez.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""3e6ce216777c443b8920f1373eb022e4-oa-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwmm8p23x.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""3e6ce216777c443b8920f1373eb022e4-oa-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwmm8p23x.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""3e6ce216777c443b8920f1373eb022e4-oa-5-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwmm8p23x.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""3e6ce216777c443b8920f1373eb022e4-oa-5-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwmm8p23x.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""3e6ce216777c443b8920f1373eb022e4-oa-6-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwmm8p23x.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""3e6ce216777c443b8920f1373eb022e4-oa-6-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwmm8p23x.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""3e6ce216777c443b8920f1373eb022e4-oa-7-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwmm8p23x.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""3e6ce216777c443b8920f1373eb022e4-oa-7-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwmm8p23x.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""3e6ce216777c443b8920f1373eb022e4-oa-8-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwmm8p23x.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""3e6ce216777c443b8920f1373eb022e4-oa-8-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwmm8p23x.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""3e6ce216777c443b8920f1373eb022e4-oa-9-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwmm8p23x.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""3e6ce216777c443b8920f1373eb022e4-oa-9-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwmm8p23x.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""3e6ce216777c443b8920f1373eb022e4-oa-10-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwmm8p23x.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""3e6ce216777c443b8920f1373eb022e4-oa-10-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwmm8p23x.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""3e6ce216777c443b8920f1373eb022e4-oa-11-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwmm8p23x.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""3e6ce216777c443b8920f1373eb022e4-oa-11-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwmm8p23x.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""3e6ce216777c443b8920f1373eb022e4-oa-12-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwmm8p23x.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""3e6ce216777c443b8920f1373eb022e4-oa-12-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwmm8p23x.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""3e6ce216777c443b8920f1373eb022e4-oa-13-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwmm8p23x.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""3e6ce216777c443b8920f1373eb022e4-oa-13-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpwmm8p23x.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""2914aceec41d4f1095d4f7c7df2d5c1b-oa-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp93bk5tm8.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""2914aceec41d4f1095d4f7c7df2d5c1b-oa-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp93bk5tm8.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""2914aceec41d4f1095d4f7c7df2d5c1b-oa-5-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp93bk5tm8.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""2914aceec41d4f1095d4f7c7df2d5c1b-oa-5-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp93bk5tm8.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""2914aceec41d4f1095d4f7c7df2d5c1b-oa-6-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp93bk5tm8.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""2914aceec41d4f1095d4f7c7df2d5c1b-oa-6-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp93bk5tm8.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""2914aceec41d4f1095d4f7c7df2d5c1b-oa-7-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp93bk5tm8.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""2914aceec41d4f1095d4f7c7df2d5c1b-oa-7-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp93bk5tm8.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""2914aceec41d4f1095d4f7c7df2d5c1b-oa-8-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp93bk5tm8.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""2914aceec41d4f1095d4f7c7df2d5c1b-oa-8-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp93bk5tm8.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""2914aceec41d4f1095d4f7c7df2d5c1b-oa-9-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp93bk5tm8.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""2914aceec41d4f1095d4f7c7df2d5c1b-oa-9-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp93bk5tm8.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""2914aceec41d4f1095d4f7c7df2d5c1b-oa-10-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp93bk5tm8.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""2914aceec41d4f1095d4f7c7df2d5c1b-oa-10-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp93bk5tm8.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " Horner syndrome symptomsPtosis (eyelid droop)<br>Anhidrosis (no sweat)<br>Miosis (pupil constriction) Causes of Horner syndrome1st neuron: pontine hemorrhage<br>2nd neuron: pancoast tumor<br>3rd neuron: carotid dissection "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Horner syndrome"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the sympathetic denervation of the face""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Horner syndrome</span> is the sympathetic denervation of the face<br> " Disorders without detectable nerve diseaseVasovagal syncope<br>Takotsubo cardiomyopathy Efferent baroreflex failure is caused byDM<br>Parkinson's<br>Dementia c Lewy bodies Afferent baroreflex failure is acquired and caused byDamage to IX and X fibers in neck<br>Guillaine-Barre Symptoms of efferent baroreflex failureNeurogenic orthostatic hypotension Symptoms of afferent baroreflex failureHeadache<br>Flushing<br>Agitation<br>Unstable BP "Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension is due to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dysfunction of autonomic fibers of baroreflex"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension is due to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dysfunction of autonomic fibers of baroreflex</span><br> " "In the kidneys, juxtaglomerular cells <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""increase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> renin through <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""β1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""In the kidneys, juxtaglomerular cells <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">increase</span> renin through <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">β1</span><br> " "In adrenal medulla, chromaffin cells release <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""catecholamines"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> through <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""nicotinic neuronal receptors"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""In adrenal medulla, chromaffin cells release <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">catecholamines</span> through <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">nicotinic neuronal receptors</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Direct-acting"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> cholinergic agonistic agents bind to and activate muscarinic or nicotinic receptors""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Direct-acting</span> cholinergic agonistic agents bind to and activate muscarinic or nicotinic receptors<br> " "Indirect-acting cholinergic agonistic agents inhibit <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""AChE"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Indirect-acting cholinergic agonistic agents inhibit <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">AChE</span><br> " "Most therapeutically useful drugs preferentially activate <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""muscarinic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> receptors""Most therapeutically useful drugs preferentially activate <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">muscarinic</span> receptors<br> " Direct effects of AChVasodilation (M3)<br>Decrease in cardiac rate (M2)<br>Decrease rate of conduction in SA + AV (M2)<br>Decrease force of contraction (M2) "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Larger"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> doses of ACh causes vasodilation, drop in BP and bradycardia""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Larger</span> doses of ACh causes vasodilation, drop in BP and bradycardia<br> " "IV injection of small doses of ACh produces drop in BP due to vasodiation (M3) c <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""reflex tachycardia"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""IV injection of small doses of ACh produces drop in BP due to vasodiation (M3) c <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">reflex tachycardia</span><br> " "If muscarinic effects are blocked by a muscarinic antagonist, large doses of acetylcholine produce <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""nicotinic effects"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""If muscarinic effects are blocked by a muscarinic antagonist, large doses of acetylcholine produce <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">nicotinic effects</span><br> " "Nicotinic effects of ACh is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""vasoconstriction"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""increase in BP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Nicotinic effects of ACh is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">vasoconstriction</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">increase in BP</span><br> " Choline estersACh<br>Methacholine<br>Bethanechol "Choline esters are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""quaternary"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> ammoniums""Choline esters are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">quaternary</span> ammoniums<br> " "Choline esters differ in their <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""susceptibility to hydrolysis by cholinesterase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Choline esters differ in their <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">susceptibility to hydrolysis by cholinesterase</span><br> " "Acetylcholine is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""very rapidly"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> hydrolyzed""Acetylcholine is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">very rapidly</span> hydrolyzed<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Methacholine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""bethanechol"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are more resistant to hydrolysis by cholinesterase""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Methacholine</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">bethanechol</span> are more resistant to hydrolysis by cholinesterase<br> " "ACh is a muscarinic and nicotinic <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""agonist"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""ACh is a muscarinic and nicotinic <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">agonist</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ACh"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is used when rapid miosis is required""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ACh</span> is used when rapid miosis is required<br> " "Bethanechol is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""muscarinic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> agonist""Bethanechol is a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">muscarinic</span> agonist<br> " Bethanechol is used forPostoperative urinary retention<br>Atony of the urinary bladder "Methacholine is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""muscarinic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> agonist""Methacholine is a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">muscarinic</span> agonist<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Methacholine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is used for diagnosis of bronchial airway hyperactivity in subject who don't have apparent asthma""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Methacholine</span> is used for diagnosis of bronchial airway hyperactivity in subject who don't have apparent asthma<br> " "Natural alkaloids are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Pilocarpine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Nicotine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Natural alkaloids are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Pilocarpine</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Nicotine</span><br> " "Pilocarpine is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""partial muscarinic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> agonist""Pilocarpine is a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">partial muscarinic</span> agonist<br> " Pilocarpine usesGlaucoma<br>Treatment of dry mouth Muscarinic agonists adverse effectsSweating<br>Salivation<br>Flushing<br>Low BP<br>Nauesa<br>Abdominal pain<br>Diarrhea<br>Bronchospasm "Nicotine is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""tertiary"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> amine""Nicotine is a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">tertiary</span> amine<br> " "Depending on the dose, nicotine <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""depolarizes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> autonomic ganglia""Depending on the dose, nicotine <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">depolarizes</span> autonomic ganglia<br> " "Nicotine at low doses <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""stimulate ganglia by depolarization"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Nicotine at low doses <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">stimulate ganglia by depolarization</span><br> " "At high doses, nicotine is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ganglionic blockade"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""neuromuscular blockade"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""At high doses, nicotine is a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ganglionic blockade</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">neuromuscular blockade</span><br> " Carbamates - stigminesPhysostigmine<br>Neostigmine<br>Pyridostigmine "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Edrophonium"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> binds reversibly to active site of AchE and is short lived""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Edrophonium</span> binds reversibly to active site of AchE and is short lived<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Carbamates"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> form a covalent bond with AchE""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Carbamates</span> form a covalent bond with AchE<br> " "In vascular smooth muscle, cholinesterase inhibitors have <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""minimal"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> effects because <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""most beds lack cholinergic innervation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""In vascular smooth muscle, cholinesterase inhibitors have <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">minimal</span> effects because <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">most beds lack cholinergic innervation</span><br> " "At the NMJ, cholinesterase inhibitors <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""increase strength of contractions"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""At the NMJ, cholinesterase inhibitors <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">increase strength of contractions</span><br> " "Cholinesterase inhibitors are useful to reverse the action of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Cholinesterase inhibitors are useful to reverse the action of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Cholinesterase inhibitors"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are useful in myasthenia gravis""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Cholinesterase inhibitors</span> are useful in myasthenia gravis<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Edrophonium"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> does not enter CNS and is used to diagnosis myasthenia gravis and reverse the neuromuscular block""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Edrophonium</span> does not enter CNS and is used to diagnosis myasthenia gravis and reverse the neuromuscular block<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Physostigmine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> enters and stimulates CNS and treats overdoses of anticholingergic drugs""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Physostigmine</span> enters and stimulates CNS and treats overdoses of anticholingergic drugs<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Neostigmine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> does not enter CNS and is used to treat urinary retention, reverse neuromuscular blockers, and treat myasthenia gravis""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Neostigmine</span> does not enter CNS and is used to treat urinary retention, reverse neuromuscular blockers, and treat myasthenia gravis<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Pyridostigmine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> does not enter CNS and treats myasthenia gravis""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Pyridostigmine</span> does not enter CNS and treats myasthenia gravis<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Sarin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is the most potent synthetic toxic agent known""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Sarin</span> is the most potent synthetic toxic agent known<br> " "Belladonna alkaloids are muscarinic receptor <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""antagonists"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Belladonna alkaloids are muscarinic receptor <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">antagonists</span><br> " "Belladonna alkaloids are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""atropine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""scopolamine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Belladonna alkaloids are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">atropine</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">scopolamine</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Atropine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a tertiary amine and is a reversible competitive muscarinic antagonist""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Atropine</span> is a tertiary amine and is a reversible competitive muscarinic antagonist<br> " "Atropine is an antidote for <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cholinergic agonists"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Atropine is an antidote for <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">cholinergic agonists</span><br> " Adverse effects of atropineDry mouth<br>Blurred vision<br>Sandy eyes<br>Tachycardia<br>Constipation<br>Urinary retention Atropine effects on CNSRestlessness<br>Confusion<br>Hallucinations<br>Delirium "Scopolamine is used for <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""motion sickness"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Scopolamine is used for <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">motion sickness</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Ipratropium"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a quaternary ammonium muscarinic antagonist""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Ipratropium</span> is a quaternary ammonium muscarinic antagonist<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Ipratropium"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is used to treat COPD and asthma""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Ipratropium</span> is used to treat COPD and asthma<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Tropicamide"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a tertiary amine muscarinic antagonist""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Tropicamide</span> is a tertiary amine muscarinic antagonist<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Tropicamide"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is used as mydriatic and produces mydriases with cycloplegia""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Tropicamide</span> is used as mydriatic and produces mydriases with cycloplegia<br> " "Antimuscarinic agents are contraindicated in patients with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""angle-closure glaucoma"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Antimuscarinic agents are contraindicated in patients with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">angle-closure glaucoma</span><br> " "Antimuscarinic agents should be used with caution in patients with <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""prostatic hypertrophy"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""in the elderly"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Antimuscarinic agents should be used with caution in patients with <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">prostatic hypertrophy</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">in the elderly</span><br> " "Ganglion blockers can prolong depolarization such as <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""nicotine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Ganglion blockers can prolong depolarization such as <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">nicotine</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Hexamethonium"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> antagonizes nicotinic receptors which acts like ganglion blockers""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Hexamethonium</span> antagonizes nicotinic receptors which acts like ganglion blockers<br> " "The effect of the ganglion blocker is to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""remove the dominant control"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The effect of the ganglion blocker is to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">remove the dominant control</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Tubocurarine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a nondepolarizing blocker""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Tubocurarine</span> is a nondepolarizing blocker<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Tubocurarine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a competitive antagonist that is an adjuvant drug in anaesthesia""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Tubocurarine</span> is a competitive antagonist that is an adjuvant drug in anaesthesia<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Succinylcholine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a depolarizing blocker""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Succinylcholine</span> is a depolarizing blocker<br> " "Sux binds to nicotinic receptor and <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">depolarizes the junction</span> resulting in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""flaccid paralysis"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""Sux binds to nicotinic receptor and <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">depolarizes the junction</span> resulting in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">flaccid paralysis</span><br> " "Sux binds to nicotinic receptor and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""depolarizes the junction"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> resulting in <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">flaccid paralysis</span>""Sux binds to nicotinic receptor and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">depolarizes the junction</span> resulting in <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">flaccid paralysis</span><br> " "Sux is used for <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""endotracheal intubation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ECT"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Sux is used for <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">endotracheal intubation</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ECT</span><br> " "Drugs that act presynaptically are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""inhibitors of acteylcholine release"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Drugs that act presynaptically are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">inhibitors of acteylcholine release</span><br> " "Botulinum toxin is an <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""inhibitor of ACh release"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Botulinum toxin is an <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">inhibitor of ACh release</span><br> " Direct acting cholinergic agonistsACh<br>Bethanechol<br>Methacholine<br>Pilocarpine<br>Nicotine AchE Inhibitors - Indirect Acting AgonistsEdrophonium<br>Physostigmine<br>Neostigmine<br>Pyridostigmine<br>Malathion<br>Sarin Muscarinic antagonistsAtropine<br>Scopolamine<br>Ipratropium<br>Tropicamide Ganglion blockersHexamethonium<br>High nicotine Neuromuscular blockersTubocurarine<br>Succinylcholine "There is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""β-N-glycosidic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> linkage between the base and ribose""There is a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">β-N-glycosidic</span> linkage between the base and ribose<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Glutamine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""aspartate"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""glycine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are amino acid precurses for purine synthesis""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Glutamine</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">aspartate</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">glycine</span> are amino acid precurses for purine synthesis<br> " "The precursors to purine nucleotide denovo synthesis are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""amino acids"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""tetrahydrofolate"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The precursors to purine nucleotide denovo synthesis are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">amino acids</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">tetrahydrofolate</span><br> " "Purine nucleotide denovo synthesis requires <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""6 ATP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> for energy""Purine nucleotide denovo synthesis requires <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">6 ATP</span> for energy<br> " "The ribose phosphate for purine nucleotide denovo synthesis comes from the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""HMP shunt"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> of the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""PPP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The ribose phosphate for purine nucleotide denovo synthesis comes from the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">HMP shunt</span> of the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">PPP</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Glutamine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> donates 2 nitrogens to the synthesized purine""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Glutamine</span> donates 2 nitrogens to the synthesized purine<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Aspartate"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> donate 1 nitrogen to the synthesized purine""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Aspartate</span> donate 1 nitrogen to the synthesized purine<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""THF"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> donates 2 carbons to the synthesized purine""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">THF</span> donates 2 carbons to the synthesized purine<br> " "Ribose phosphate makes phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) using <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""PRPP synthetase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ATP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Ribose phosphate makes phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) using <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">PRPP synthetase</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ATP</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">PRPP</span> uses <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">phosphoribosylamido transferase</span> and <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">glutamine</span> to make <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""phosphoribosylamine"" data-ordinal=""3"">[...]</span>""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">PRPP</span> uses <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">phosphoribosylamido transferase</span> and <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">glutamine</span> to make <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""3"">phosphoribosylamine</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""PRPP"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span> uses <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">phosphoribosylamido transferase</span> and <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">glutamine</span> to make <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">phosphoribosylamine</span>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">PRPP</span> uses <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">phosphoribosylamido transferase</span> and <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">glutamine</span> to make <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">phosphoribosylamine</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">PRPP</span> uses <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""phosphoribosylamido transferase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""glutamine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> to make <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">phosphoribosylamine</span>""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">PRPP</span> uses <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">phosphoribosylamido transferase</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">glutamine</span> to make <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">phosphoribosylamine</span><br> " "Phosphoribosylamine uses precursor molecules donated atoms to form <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""inosine mono phosphate (IMP)"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Phosphoribosylamine uses precursor molecules donated atoms to form <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">inosine mono phosphate (IMP)</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">IMP</span> breaks down into <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""AMP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> or <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""GMP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">IMP</span> breaks down into <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">AMP</span> or <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">GMP</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""IMP"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span> breaks down into <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">AMP</span> or <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">GMP</span>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">IMP</span> breaks down into <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">AMP</span> or <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">GMP</span><br> " "PRPP synthetase is a regulated enzyme that provides a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""feedforward activation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> to its product""PRPP synthetase is a regulated enzyme that provides a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">feedforward activation</span> to its product<br> " "IMP is also called <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hypoxanthine-ribose-phosphate"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""IMP is also called <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">hypoxanthine-ribose-phosphate</span><br> " "Phosphoribosylamidotransferase is the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""committed step"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Phosphoribosylamidotransferase is the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">committed step</span><br> " "Phosphorylation of AMP to ATP requires <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""GTP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> as an energy source""Phosphorylation of AMP to ATP requires <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">GTP</span> as an energy source<br> " "Phosphorylation of GMP to GTP requires <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ATP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> as an energy source""Phosphorylation of GMP to GTP requires <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ATP</span> as an energy source<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Mycophenolic acid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> inhibits conversion of IMP to GMP by inhibiting <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""IMP dehydrogenase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Mycophenolic acid</span> inhibits conversion of IMP to GMP by inhibiting <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">IMP dehydrogenase</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Ribonucleotide reductase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> forms the deoxyribonucleotides (dADP/dGDP)""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Ribonucleotide reductase</span> forms the deoxyribonucleotides (dADP/dGDP)<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Purine nucleotides"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> inhibit PRPP synthetase and the phosphoribosylamidotransferase""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Purine nucleotides</span> inhibit PRPP synthetase and the phosphoribosylamidotransferase<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Sulfonamides"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> inhibit bacterial folate synthesis""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Sulfonamides</span> inhibit bacterial folate synthesis<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Trimethoprims"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Trimethoprims</span> inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase<br> " "Methotrexate is an <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""anticancer agent"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Methotrexate is an <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">anticancer agent</span><br> " "Methotrexate is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""competitive"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span> inhibitor of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">dihydrofolate reductase</span>""Methotrexate is a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">competitive</span> inhibitor of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">dihydrofolate reductase</span><br> " "Methotrexate is a <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">competitive</span> inhibitor of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dihydrofolate reductase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Methotrexate is a <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">competitive</span> inhibitor of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dihydrofolate reductase</span><br> " Side effects of methotrexateAnemia<br>GI disturbance<br>Scaly skin<br>Hair loss<br>Immune deficiency "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Thiopurine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""azathioprine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> inhibit denovo purine synthesis and are anticancer agents""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Thiopurine</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">azathioprine</span> inhibit denovo purine synthesis and are anticancer agents<br> " "Folate deficiency leads to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""macrocytic anemia"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""decreased cell division"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Folate deficiency leads to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">macrocytic anemia</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">decreased cell division</span><br> " "Ribonucleoside diphosphates use <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ribonucleotide reductase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""thioredoxan"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""NADPH"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> to form deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates""Ribonucleoside diphosphates use <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ribonucleotide reductase</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">thioredoxan</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">NADPH</span> to form deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates<br> " "Hypoxanthine uses <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""HGPRT"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""PRPP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> to form IMP""Hypoxanthine uses <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">HGPRT</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">PRPP</span> to form IMP<br> " "When there's an increases in purine degradation, this also leads to an increase in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""uric acid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""When there's an increases in purine degradation, this also leads to an increase in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">uric acid</span><br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""592f195aeb80467bb05027a47d5ba6ac-oa-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjgf0g7jc.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""592f195aeb80467bb05027a47d5ba6ac-oa-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjgf0g7jc.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""592f195aeb80467bb05027a47d5ba6ac-oa-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjgf0g7jc.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""592f195aeb80467bb05027a47d5ba6ac-oa-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjgf0g7jc.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""592f195aeb80467bb05027a47d5ba6ac-oa-3-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjgf0g7jc.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""592f195aeb80467bb05027a47d5ba6ac-oa-3-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjgf0g7jc.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""592f195aeb80467bb05027a47d5ba6ac-oa-4-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjgf0g7jc.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""592f195aeb80467bb05027a47d5ba6ac-oa-4-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjgf0g7jc.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""592f195aeb80467bb05027a47d5ba6ac-oa-5-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjgf0g7jc.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""592f195aeb80467bb05027a47d5ba6ac-oa-5-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjgf0g7jc.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""592f195aeb80467bb05027a47d5ba6ac-oa-6-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjgf0g7jc.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""592f195aeb80467bb05027a47d5ba6ac-oa-6-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjgf0g7jc.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""592f195aeb80467bb05027a47d5ba6ac-oa-7-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjgf0g7jc.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""592f195aeb80467bb05027a47d5ba6ac-oa-7-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjgf0g7jc.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""592f195aeb80467bb05027a47d5ba6ac-oa-8-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjgf0g7jc.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""592f195aeb80467bb05027a47d5ba6ac-oa-8-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjgf0g7jc.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""592f195aeb80467bb05027a47d5ba6ac-oa-9-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjgf0g7jc.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""592f195aeb80467bb05027a47d5ba6ac-oa-9-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjgf0g7jc.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""592f195aeb80467bb05027a47d5ba6ac-oa-10-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjgf0g7jc.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""592f195aeb80467bb05027a47d5ba6ac-oa-10-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjgf0g7jc.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""592f195aeb80467bb05027a47d5ba6ac-oa-11-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjgf0g7jc.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""592f195aeb80467bb05027a47d5ba6ac-oa-11-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjgf0g7jc.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""592f195aeb80467bb05027a47d5ba6ac-oa-12-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjgf0g7jc.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""592f195aeb80467bb05027a47d5ba6ac-oa-12-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpjgf0g7jc.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "Mercaptopurine is inactivated using <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""thiopurine methyltransferase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Mercaptopurine is inactivated using <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">thiopurine methyltransferase</span><br> " "High blood uric acid levels leads to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""monosodium urate"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> to preciptates in joints""High blood uric acid levels leads to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">monosodium urate</span> to preciptates in joints<br> " "Inosine is converted to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hypoxanthine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> by <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">purine nucleoside phosphorylase</span>""Inosine is converted to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">hypoxanthine</span> by <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">purine nucleoside phosphorylase</span><br> " "Inosine is converted to <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">hypoxanthine</span> by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""purine nucleoside phosphorylase"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""Inosine is converted to <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">hypoxanthine</span> by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">purine nucleoside phosphorylase</span><br> " "Hypoxanthine is converted to xanthine by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""xanthine oxidase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Hypoxanthine is converted to xanthine by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">xanthine oxidase</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Allopurinol"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> inhibits xanthine oxidase""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Allopurinol</span> inhibits xanthine oxidase<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Purine nucleoside phosphorylase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> converts guanosine to guanine""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Purine nucleoside phosphorylase</span> converts guanosine to guanine<br> " "Xanthine oxidase converts xanthine to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""uric acid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Xanthine oxidase converts xanthine to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">uric acid</span><br> " "Adenosine is converts to inosine by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""adenosine deaminase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Adenosine is converts to inosine by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">adenosine deaminase</span><br> " "Guanine is converted to xanthine by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""guanase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Guanine is converted to xanthine by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">guanase</span><br> " "Hyperuricemia is defined as blood uric acid levels <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""&gt;6.8mg/dL"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Hyperuricemia is defined as blood uric acid levels <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">>6.8mg/dL</span><br> " Underexcretion of uric acid can be caused byObesity (possibility/risk factor)<br>Renal disease<br>Lactic acidosis "Inherited disorders such as <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""lesch-nyhan"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""von gierke"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""fructose intolerance"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> can lead to overproduction of uric acid""Inherited disorders such as <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">lesch-nyhan</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">von gierke</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">fructose intolerance</span> can lead to overproduction of uric acid<br> " "Febuxostate is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""xanthine oxidase inhibitor"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Febuxostate is a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">xanthine oxidase inhibitor</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Aspartate"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""glutamine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are the amino acid precursors for pyrimidine nucleotide denovo synthesis""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Aspartate</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">glutamine</span> are the amino acid precursors for pyrimidine nucleotide denovo synthesis<br> " "Products of pyrimidine degradation are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""β-alanine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""β-aminoisobutyric acid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Products of pyrimidine degradation are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">β-alanine</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">β-aminoisobutyric acid</span><br> " "dUMP is converted into dTMP using <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""methylene tetrahydrofolate"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""dUMP is converted into dTMP using <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">methylene tetrahydrofolate</span><br> " "Aspartate donates <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""1 N and 3 carbons"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> to the newly synthesized pyrimidine""Aspartate donates <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">1 N and 3 carbons</span> to the newly synthesized pyrimidine<br> " "Glutamine donates <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""1 N"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> to the synthesized pyrimidine""Glutamine donates <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">1 N</span> to the synthesized pyrimidine<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> converts glutamine to carbamoyl phosphate""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II</span> converts glutamine to carbamoyl phosphate<br> " "CPS-II is activated by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ATP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""PRPP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""CPS-II is activated by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ATP</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">PRPP</span><br> " "CPS-II is inhibited by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""UTP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""CPS-II is inhibited by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">UTP</span><br> " "Orotate is converted to OMP by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""orotate phosphoribosyl transferase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""PRPP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Orotate is converted to OMP by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">orotate phosphoribosyl transferase</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">PRPP</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""OMP decarboxylase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> converts OMP to UMP""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">OMP decarboxylase</span> converts OMP to UMP<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""CTP synthetase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> converts UTP to CTP""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">CTP synthetase</span> converts UTP to CTP<br> " "CDP and UDP form deoxyribonucleotides by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ribonucleotide reductase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""CDP and UDP form deoxyribonucleotides by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ribonucleotide reductase</span><br> " "Ribonucleotide reductase forms dUDP which is then converted into <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dUMP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Ribonucleotide reductase forms dUDP which is then converted into <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dUMP</span><br> " "dUMP is converted to dTMP through <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""thymidylate synthase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""methylene THF"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""dUMP is converted to dTMP through <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">thymidylate synthase</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">methylene THF</span><br> " "5 Fluorouracil inhibits <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""thymidylate sythnase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""5 Fluorouracil inhibits <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">thymidylate sythnase</span><br> " "dTMP is the only pyrimidine that requires <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""methylene THF"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""dTMP is the only pyrimidine that requires <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">methylene THF</span><br> " "Orotic aciduria is caused by a deficiency in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""OPRT"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and/or <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""OMP decarboxylase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Orotic aciduria is caused by a deficiency in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">OPRT</span> and/or <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">OMP decarboxylase</span><br> " "Increased amounts of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""carbamoyl phosphate"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in cytosol leads to an increased formation or orotic acid""Increased amounts of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">carbamoyl phosphate</span> in cytosol leads to an increased formation or orotic acid<br> " "Carboamoyl phophaste is converted into carbamoyl aspartate by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""aspartate transcarbamoylase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Carboamoyl phophaste is converted into carbamoyl aspartate by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">aspartate transcarbamoylase</span><br> " "Carbamoyl aspartate is converted to dihydroorotate through <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dihydroorotase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Carbamoyl aspartate is converted to dihydroorotate through <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dihydroorotase</span><br> " "NSAIDs inhibit <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""COX"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""NSAIDs inhibit <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">COX</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Superior tarsal"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> muscle elevates eyelid""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Superior tarsal</span> muscle elevates eyelid<br> " "Ribonucleotide reductase is inhibited by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hydroxyurea"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dATP"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Ribonucleotide reductase is inhibited by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">hydroxyurea</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dATP</span><br> " Endogenous catecholaminesEpinephrine<br>Norepinephrine<br>Dopamine "Catecholamines are called that because they contains an <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""o-dihydroxy-benzene"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Catecholamines are called that because they contains an <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">o-dihydroxy-benzene</span><br> " "At low concentrations epinephrine activates mainly <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""β1/2"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> receptors""At low concentrations epinephrine activates mainly <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">β1/2</span> receptors<br> " "At higher concentrations of epinephrine, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""α1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> effects are more pronounced""At higher concentrations of epinephrine, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">α1</span> effects are more pronounced<br> " When epinephrine is given at large doses, there's an increase in BP due toIncreased ventricular contraction<br>Increased HR<br>Vasoconstriction Epinephrine usesAnaphylactic shock<br>Acute asthmatic attacks<br>Cardiac arrest "Norepinephrine is an agonist at <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""α1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""α2"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""β1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> receptors""Norepinephrine is an agonist at <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">α1</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">α2</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">β1</span> receptors<br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""75ecbe382c7441d3b425277bd4d01bd2-oa-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpvlrs_579.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""75ecbe382c7441d3b425277bd4d01bd2-oa-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpvlrs_579.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""75ecbe382c7441d3b425277bd4d01bd2-oa-2-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpvlrs_579.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""75ecbe382c7441d3b425277bd4d01bd2-oa-2-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpvlrs_579.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Norepinephrine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is used to treat shock""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Norepinephrine</span> is used to treat shock<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Isoproterenol"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is used in emergencies to stimulate heart rate in patients with bradycardia or heart block""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Isoproterenol</span> is used in emergencies to stimulate heart rate in patients with bradycardia or heart block<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Dobutamine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is used to manage acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Dobutamine</span> is used to manage acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock<br> " Indirect-acting releasing agents adrenergic agonistsAmphetamine<br>Tyramine "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Cocaine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is an MAO uptake inhibitor indirect-acting adrenergic agonist""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Cocaine</span> is an MAO uptake inhibitor indirect-acting adrenergic agonist<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Releasing agents"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> cause NE release from presynaptic terminals""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Releasing agents</span> cause NE release from presynaptic terminals<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Amphetamine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> can increase BP by α-agonist action on vasculature as well as β-stimulatory effects on heart""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Amphetamine</span> can increase BP by α-agonist action on vasculature as well as β-stimulatory effects on heart<br> " "Cocaine blocks <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""monoamine reuptake"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Cocaine blocks <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">monoamine reuptake</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Mixed acting adrenergic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> agonists induce release of NE and activates adrenergic receptors""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Mixed acting adrenergic</span> agonists induce release of NE and activates adrenergic receptors<br> " Non-selective α-adrenergic blockersPhenoxybenzamine<br>Phentolamine "Propranolol is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""non-selective&nbsp;β-blockers"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Propranolol is a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">non-selective β-blockers</span><br> " β-blockers effectsSlow HR<br>Decrease myocardial contractility<br>Respiratory crisis in pts with COPD<br>Decrease glycogenolysis<br>Decrease glucagon secretion β-blockers usesHTN<br>Stable angina pectoris<br>MI<br>Afib<br>Hyperthyroidism<br>Glaucoma<br>Migraine prophylaxis<br>Performance anxiety "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""β1-selective"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> drugs may be less likely to evoke bronchospasm""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">β1-selective</span> drugs may be less likely to evoke bronchospasm<br> " Adverse effects of β-blockersBronchoconstriction<br>Hypoglycemia<br>CNS effects "Pindolol is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""partial&nbsp;β-agonist"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Pindolol is a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">partial β-agonist</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Pindolol"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> may be prefered in individuals with diminished cardiac reserve or a propensity to bradycardia""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Pindolol</span> may be prefered in individuals with diminished cardiac reserve or a propensity to bradycardia<br> " "DNA methylation involves the modification of the DNA base cytosine to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""5-methyl-cytosine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""DNA methylation involves the modification of the DNA base cytosine to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">5-methyl-cytosine</span><br> " "Immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomalies syndrome is the result of mutation in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Dnmt3b"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> gene""Immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomalies syndrome is the result of mutation in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Dnmt3b</span> gene<br> " Frequent symptoms of ICFFacial dysmorphism<br>Mental retardation<br>Recurrent/prolonged infections<br>Variable immune deficient c decrease IgA "Immunodeficiency in association with centromere instability of chromosomes <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""9"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""16"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> constitutes ICF syndrome""Immunodeficiency in association with centromere instability of chromosomes <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">1</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">9</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">16</span> constitutes ICF syndrome<br> " "Rett is caused by a mutation in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""MeCP2"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Rett is caused by a mutation in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">MeCP2</span><br> " "The genomic imprinting phenomenon is characterized by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""mono-allelic expression"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The genomic imprinting phenomenon is characterized by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">mono-allelic expression</span><br> " "Genome methylation increases during <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""embryonic development"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cell differentiation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Genome methylation increases during <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">embryonic development</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">cell differentiation</span><br> " "PWS has a prevelance of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""1/10,000"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""PWS has a prevelance of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">1/10,000</span><br> " "Angelman syndrome has a prevalnce of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""1/12,000"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Angelman syndrome has a prevalnce of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">1/12,000</span><br> " "PWS is when SNRPN is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""maternally"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> imprinted""PWS is when SNRPN is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">maternally</span> imprinted<br> " "Angelman syndrome is when the UBE3A gene is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""paternally"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> imprinted""Angelman syndrome is when the UBE3A gene is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">paternally</span> imprinted<br> " "BWS causes organ overgrowth and is due to deregulation on gene at <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""11p15.5"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""BWS causes organ overgrowth and is due to deregulation on gene at <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">11p15.5</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""α-Thalassaemia"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is caused by the methylation of α2-globin CpG island, and deletion of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""HBA1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""HBQ1"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">α-Thalassaemia</span> is caused by the methylation of α2-globin CpG island, and deletion of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">HBA1</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">HBQ1</span><br> " "Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome is caused by mutation in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""CREB-binding protein"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome is caused by mutation in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">CREB-binding protein</span><br> " "Coffin-Lowry syndrome is caused by a mutation in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Rsk-2"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Coffin-Lowry syndrome is caused by a mutation in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Rsk-2</span><br> " "Decitabine and 5-azacytidine are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cytidine analogues"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Decitabine and 5-azacytidine are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">cytidine analogues</span><br> " "Decitabine and 5-azacytidine work by inhibiting <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""DNA methyltransferase enzymes"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Decitabine and 5-azacytidine work by inhibiting <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">DNA methyltransferase enzymes</span><br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Decitabine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is used in myelodysplatics syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Decitabine</span> is used in myelodysplatics syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia<br> " "Hypomethylation of CDKN2B correlates with response to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""decitabine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Hypomethylation of CDKN2B correlates with response to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">decitabine</span><br> " "BWS has an incidence of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""1/13,700"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""BWS has an incidence of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">1/13,700</span><br> " BWS featuresMacroglossia<br>Birth weight and length >90th%<br>Abdominal wall defects<br>Ear creases/pits<br>Neonatal hypoglycemia<br>Increased risk of cancer BWS can be caused bySporadic<br>Maternal chromosomal rearrangements of 11p15<br>Paternal uniparental disomy<br>Abnormal methylation at 11p15 "Children of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""IVF"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> have 4-9 fold higher chance of getting BWS""Children of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">IVF</span> have 4-9 fold higher chance of getting BWS<br> " "Incontinentia pigmenti is caused by a mutation of the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""IKBKG"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> gene""Incontinentia pigmenti is caused by a mutation of the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">IKBKG</span> gene<br> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""8e9e24be80c747d5be4cbb55e53b3bcf-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpdkj5gv5_.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""8e9e24be80c747d5be4cbb55e53b3bcf-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpdkj5gv5_.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "The location of the preganglionic neuron of the Oculomotor nerve is the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Edinger-Westphal nucleus"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The location of the preganglionic neuron of the Oculomotor nerve is the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Edinger-Westphal nucleus</span><br> " " The Oculomotor nerve controls <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""miosis"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>"" The Oculomotor nerve controls <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">miosis</span><br> " "The location of the preganglionic neuron for the Facial nerve is located at the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""superior salivatory nuclei"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The location of the preganglionic neuron for the Facial nerve is located at the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">superior salivatory nuclei</span><br> " "The facial nerve major effects are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""lacrimation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""salivation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The facial nerve major effects are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">lacrimation</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">salivation</span><br> " "The location of the preganglionic neuron for the Glossopharyngeal nerve is the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""inferior salivatory nuclei"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The location of the preganglionic neuron for the Glossopharyngeal nerve is the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">inferior salivatory nuclei</span><br> " "The glossopharyngeal nerves major effect is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""salivation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The glossopharyngeal nerves major effect is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">salivation</span><br> " "The location of the preganglionic neuron for the vagus nerve is the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""nucleus ambiguus dorsal motor nuclei"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The location of the preganglionic neuron for the vagus nerve is the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">nucleus ambiguus dorsal motor nuclei</span><br> " "The vagus nerves major effect is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""↓HR"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""bronchoconstriction"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""gut peristalsis"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The vagus nerves major effect is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">↓HR</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">bronchoconstriction</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">gut peristalsis</span><br> " "The pelvic nerves major effects are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""gut peristalsis"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""urination"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""erection"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The pelvic nerves major effects are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">gut peristalsis</span>, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">urination</span>, and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">erection</span><br> " "The parasympathetic effect of skeletal muscles is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""contraction"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The parasympathetic effect of skeletal muscles is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">contraction</span><br> " "The parasympathetic effect of the autonomic ganglia (N<sub>N</sub>) is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""postganglionic neuron activation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The parasympathetic effect of the autonomic ganglia (N<sub>N</sub>) is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">postganglionic neuron activation</span><br> " "The sympathetic effect of the adrenal medulla is to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""release catecholamines"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The sympathetic effect of the adrenal medulla is to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">release catecholamines</span><br> " "The parasympathetic effect of the brain (N<sub>N</sub>) is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""neuronal development"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The parasympathetic effect of the brain (N<sub>N</sub>) is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">neuronal development</span><br> " "The parasympathetic effect of the brain (M1) is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""higher cognitive functions"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The parasympathetic effect of the brain (M1) is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">higher cognitive functions</span><br> " "The parasympathetic response of the autonomic ganglia (M1) is to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""stimulate ENS"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The parasympathetic response of the autonomic ganglia (M1) is to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">stimulate ENS</span><br> " "The parasympathetic effect of the presynpatic nerve terminal is to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""inhibit Ach release"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The parasympathetic effect of the presynpatic nerve terminal is to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">inhibit Ach release</span><br> " "The parasympathetic effect of the heart (M2) is to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""↓HR"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""↓Contractility of atria"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The parasympathetic effect of the heart (M2) is to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">↓HR</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">↓Contractility of atria</span><br> " N<sub>N</sub> locationsAutonomic ganglia<br>Adrenal medulla<br>Brain M1 locationsBrain<br>Autonomic ganglia M2 locationsPresynpatic nerve terminal<br>Heart M3 locationsExocrine glands<br>Pancreatic β cells<br>GI<br>Detrusor<br>Eye<br>Bronchial smooth muscle<br>Endothelial cells "The parasympathetic effects of the exocrine glands is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""secretion"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The parasympathetic effects of the exocrine glands is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">secretion</span><br> " "The parasympathetic effects of the pancreatic β cells is to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""↑Insulin release"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The parasympathetic effects of the pancreatic β cells is to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">↑Insulin release</span><br> " "The parasympathetic effects of the GI smooth muscle is to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""↑Gut peristalsis"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The parasympathetic effects of the GI smooth muscle is to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">↑Gut peristalsis</span><br> " "The parasympathetic effect of the detrusor muscle is to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""↑Bladder contraction"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The parasympathetic effect of the detrusor muscle is to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">↑Bladder contraction</span><br> " "The parasympathetic effect of the eye is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""pupillary constriction"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""accomodation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The parasympathetic effect of the eye is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">pupillary constriction</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">accomodation</span><br> " "The parasympathetic effect of the bronchial smooth muscle is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""bronchial constiction"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The parasympathetic effect of the bronchial smooth muscle is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">bronchial constiction</span><br> " "The parasympathetic effects of the endothelial cells is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""NO-mediated vasodilation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The parasympathetic effects of the endothelial cells is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">NO-mediated vasodilation</span><br> " α1 receptor locationsVascular smooth muscle<br>Eye<br>Intestinal and bladder sphincter α2 receptor locationPresynaptic nerve terminal<br>Pancreatic β cells β1 receptor locationsHeart<br>Kidney<br>Adipocyte β2 receptors locationsBronchial smooth muscle<br>Blood vessels of skeletal muscle<br>Uterine smooth muscle β3 receptors locationBrown adipose tissue<br>Detrusor "Sympathetic vascular smooth muscle effect is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""contraction"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Sympathetic vascular smooth muscle effect is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">contraction</span><br> " "Sympathetic eye effects is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dilation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Sympathetic eye effects is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dilation</span><br> " "Sympathetic intestinal and bladder sphincter effects is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""contraction"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Sympathetic intestinal and bladder sphincter effects is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">contraction</span><br> " "Sympathetic presynaptheric nerve terminal effects is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""↓NE release"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Sympathetic presynaptheric nerve terminal effects is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">↓NE release</span><br> " "Sympathetic pancreatic β cells effect is to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""↓Insulin release"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Sympathetic pancreatic β cells effect is to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">↓Insulin release</span><br> " "Sympathetic effects on the heart is to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""↑HR"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""↑contractility"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Sympathetic effects on the heart is to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">↑HR</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">↑contractility</span><br> " "Sympathetic effects on the kidney is to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""↑renin release"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Sympathetic effects on the kidney is to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">↑renin release</span><br> " "Sympathetic effects on adipocyte is to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""↑lipolysis"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Sympathetic effects on adipocyte is to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">↑lipolysis</span><br> " "Sympathetic effects on bronchial smooth muscle is to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dilate"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Sympathetic effects on bronchial smooth muscle is to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dilate</span><br> " "Sympathetic effects on the blood vessels of the skeletal muscle is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""vasodilation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Sympathetic effects on the blood vessels of the skeletal muscle is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">vasodilation</span><br> " "Sympathetic effects on uterine smooth muscle is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""↓uterine tone"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Sympathetic effects on uterine smooth muscle is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">↓uterine tone</span><br> " "Sympathetic effect on brown adipose tissue is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""thermogenesis"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""↑lipolysis"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Sympathetic effect on brown adipose tissue is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">thermogenesis</span> and <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">↑lipolysis</span><br> " Effector sites with predominant sympathetic toneArterioles<br>Veins<br>Heart ventricle<br>Sweat glands Effector sites with parasympathetic predominant toneHeart SA node<br>Iris<br>Ciliary muscle<br>GI tract<br>Urinary bladder<br>Salivary glands " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""07d7325b73d24bf792072ba2c912e9b0-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmppcgdl31w.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || 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else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""af71625946014ce0a9fe2e99d966d976-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpz6n7n7a_.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""af71625946014ce0a9fe2e99d966d976-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpz6n7n7a_.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""af7222eb4e2f4eca87074a7bdbfeb7cd-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpxxjr2wvs.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""af7222eb4e2f4eca87074a7bdbfeb7cd-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpxxjr2wvs.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = 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src=""bb22255d72cf4ff286e6c28e592c00c2-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpfv5l2m80.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""839b435cd8e0423b8cbbcec5aadd7003-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpg7vwaguz.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""839b435cd8e0423b8cbbcec5aadd7003-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpg7vwaguz.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""599cab0d4c754569ae75d4bf33ec7c50-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp_94h9my7.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""599cab0d4c754569ae75d4bf33ec7c50-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp_94h9my7.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""67f0f66911784c94a155229c6fa743dc-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp6dz2_cyy.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""67f0f66911784c94a155229c6fa743dc-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp6dz2_cyy.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""c2d19554f860465ab19a7a6cb6de0858-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpvoo1wtre.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""c2d19554f860465ab19a7a6cb6de0858-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpvoo1wtre.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header"">GI Tract</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""6038084e99d84f96b06781255d5846b9-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpatxs70l1.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header"">GI Tract</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""6038084e99d84f96b06781255d5846b9-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpatxs70l1.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header"">GI Tract</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""012db8ed654549dab429de73e94f67e0-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp35z_vk_s.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header"">GI Tract</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""012db8ed654549dab429de73e94f67e0-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp35z_vk_s.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header"">GI Tract</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""27de525544e7490581880a33ca0be5f2-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpi82_s8hh.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header"">GI Tract</div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""27de525544e7490581880a33ca0be5f2-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpi82_s8hh.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""f02538f512bd4446b7de530e29b3da8f-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp30zgcc2x.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""f02538f512bd4446b7de530e29b3da8f-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmp30zgcc2x.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " " <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""bbb1e90221b948d185ba9feb72b2d2d1-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpib3uo15g.png"" /></div> </div> <div id=""io-footer""></div> <script> // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> "" <div id=""io-header""></div> <div id=""io-wrapper""> <div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""bbb1e90221b948d185ba9feb72b2d2d1-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div> <div id=""io-original""><img src=""tmpib3uo15g.png"" /></div> </div> <button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button> <div id=""io-extra-wrapper""> <div id=""io-extra""> </div> </div> <script> // Toggle answer mask on clicking the image var toggle = function() { var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay'); if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '') amask.style.display = 'none'; else amask.style.display = 'block' } // Prevent original image from loading before mask aFade = 50, qFade = 0; var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img'); function loaded() { var original = document.querySelector('#io-original'); original.style.visibility = ""visible""; } if (mask === null || mask.complete) { loaded(); } else { mask.addEventListener('load', loaded); } </script> " "Ribose sugar and phosphate donor PRPP is in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""purine and pyrimidine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> biosynthesis""Ribose sugar and phosphate donor PRPP is in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">purine and pyrimidine</span> biosynthesis<br> " "Glycine donates <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""2C and 1N"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> to purine synthesis""Glycine donates <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">2C and 1N</span> to purine synthesis<br> " "<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Mycophenolic acid"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is used following transplantation to prevent rejection""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Mycophenolic acid</span> is used following transplantation to prevent rejection<br> " "Free purine bases are converted to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""purine nucleotides"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Free purine bases are converted to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">purine nucleotides</span><br> " "Adenine is converted to AMP by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""APRT"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Adenine is converted to AMP by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">APRT</span><br> " "Hypoxanthine is converted to IMP by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""HGPRT"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Hypoxanthine is converted to IMP by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">HGPRT</span><br> " "Guanine is converted to GMP by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""HGPRT"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Guanine is converted to GMP by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">HGPRT</span><br> " "Dihydroorotate is converted to orotate by <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""dihydroorotate dehydrogenase"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Dihydroorotate is converted to orotate by <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">dihydroorotate dehydrogenase</span><br> " "Isoproterenol is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""non-selective&nbsp;β-adrenergic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> agonist""Isoproterenol is a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">non-selective β-adrenergic</span> agonist<br> " Effects of IsoproterenolIncrease HR<br>Dilates arterioles<br>Diastolic pressure decrease<br>MAP decrease<br>Bronchodilation "Dobutamine is a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""β1-selective"" d

SGU Term 1

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