Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
1) While traveling through Austria with her German class, Sharon visits the monastery where Gregor Mendel
lived. Which title for Mendel does Sharon read on the monastery sign?
father of genetics
scientist of chromosome mapping
founder of genetic engineering
cloning pioneer
Correct Answer
father of genetics
2) Thousands of years ago, humans domesticated wolves and over time have bred closely related wolf
offspring. Dozens of dog breeds have emerged from wolves and other canines. Huskies were bred to be
strong runners to pull sleds, and German shepherds were bred for their keen sense of smell. At times,
undesirable traits, such as a weak hip in German shepherds, emerged. Which of the following explains the
emergence of dog breeds from wild canines, such as wolves?
Scientists used genetic engineering to manipulate wild canine genes.
Humans used selective breeding to obtain desirable traits in dog breeds.
As a result of human breeding attempts, inbreeding created undesirable dog traits.
Through natural selection, domesticated dogs evolved from wild canines.
Correct Answer
Humans used selective breeding to obtain desirable traits in dog breeds.
3) Genetics is the study of
.
Correct Answer
Blank 1: inheritance
4) Fill in the blanks using the available answer choices.
For tongue rolling, an individual can have the alleles TT or tt. These sets of alleles are called
alleles. On the other hand,
alleles occur when an
(Blank 1)
(Blank 2)
individual has the alleles Tt.
Blank 1 options
Blank 2 options
dominant
dominant
recessive
recessive
homozygous
homozygous
heterozygous
heterozygous
Correct Answer
homozygous
heterozygous
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
5) Fill in the blanks using the available answer choices.
Tongue-rolling ability is a dominant trait, which is represented by T. Complete the following table using the
correct terms with the information about tongue rolling.
Individual
Dominant/Recessi
ve
trait
Alleles
Homozygous/Heterozyg
ous
Rolls tongue
(Blank 1)
TT
(Blank 2)
Rolls tongue
(Blank 3)
(Blank 4)
Heterozygous
Does not
roll tongue
(Blank 5)
(Blank 6)
(Blank 7)
(Blank 8)
(Blank 9)
Tt
(Blank 10)
Blank 1 options
Dominant
Recessive
Blank 2 options
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Blank 3 options
Dominant
Recessive
Blank 4 options
TT
Tt
tt
Blank 6 options
TT
Tt
tt
Blank 7 options
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Blank 8 options
Rolls tongue
Does not roll tongue
Blank 5 options
Dominant
Recessive
Blank 9 options
Dominant
Recessive
Blank 10 options
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Correct Answer
Dominant
Homozygous
Dominant
Tt
Recessive
tt
Homozygous
Rolls tongue
Dominant
Heterozygous
6) The tall allele, T, is dominant to the short allele, t, in Mendel’s pea plants. You examine a pea plant that
exhibits the tall phenotype. What is its genotype? Select all that apply.
TT
Tt
tt
Correct Answer
TT
Tt
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
7A) This is a file upload question and cannot be printed.
Correct Answer
Answers may vary.
7B) If a purple tall plant (PpTt) is crossed with a white short plant (pptt), what is the resulting phenotypic ratio?
[Hint: Use the Punnett square you created to answer your question.]
all purple tall
9:3:3:1 (9 purple tall to 3 purple short to 3 white tall to 1 white short)
1:1:1:1 (1 purple tall to 1 purple short to 1 white tall to 1 white short)
3:2 (3 purple tall to 2 purple short)
Correct Answer
1:1:1:1 (1 purple tall to 1 purple short to 1 white tall to 1 white short)
8A) Review the following Punnett square and answer the questions.
T = tongue rolling
t = unable to roll tongue
What are the missing genotypes?
T
T
T
T
t
T
t
t
(A)
(B)
Correct Answer
Blank 1: Tt
Blank 2: tt
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
8B) Fill in the blanks using the available answer choices.
What are the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring A and B?
O
ff
s
p
ri
n
g
Genotype
A
B
Phenotype
(Blank 2)
(Blank 1)
(Blank 3)
Blank 1 options
TT
Tt
tt
(Blank 4)
Blank 2 options
able to roll tongue
unable to roll tongue
Blank 3 options
TT
Tt
tt
Blank 4 options
able to roll tongue
unable to roll tongue
Correct Answer
Tt
able to roll tongue
tt
unable to roll tongue
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
9) Fill in the blanks using the available answer choices.
Use the Punnett square below to respond to the following statement.
R = round seeds
r = wrinkled seeds
Y = yellow seeds
y = green seeds
Ry
Ry
Ry
rY
rY
A
Ry
B
rY
rY
C
Complete the table below by indicating the correct genotype and phenotype of the offspring A, B, and C in the
Punnett square above.
Offspring
Genotype
Phenotype
A
(Blank 1)
(Blank 2)
B
(Blank 3)
(Blank 4)
C
(Blank 5)
(Blank 6)
Blank 1 options
RRyy
RrYy
rrYY
Blank 2 options
round, yellow seeds
round, green seeds
wrinkled, yellow seeds
wrinkled, green seeds
Blank 5 options
RRyy
RrYy
rrYY
Blank 6 options
round, yellow seeds
round, green seeds
wrinkled, yellow seeds
wrinkled, green seeds
Blank 3 options
RRyy
RrYy
rrYY
Blank 4 options
round, yellow seeds
round, green seeds
wrinkled, yellow seeds
wrinkled, green seeds
Correct Answer
RRyy
round, green seeds
RRyy
round, green seeds
rrYY
wrinkled, yellow seeds
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
10) An organism with the genotype DD for a trait is __. Select all that apply.
dominant
heterozygous
homozygous
recessive
Correct Answer
dominant
homozygous
11) Genetic recombination occurs when new gene combinations are produced by crossing over and segregation.
True
False
Correct Answer
False
12) A common housefly has 6 pairs of chromosomes. If two houseflies are crossed, how many possible types of
fertilized eggs could result from the random lining up of the pairs?
1,024
4,096
256
16,384
Correct Answer
4,096
13) Which statement is not true of genes located close together on the same chromosome?
They are linked together.
They travel together during gamete formation.
They do not segregate independently.
They always segregate independently.
Correct Answer
They always segregate independently.
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
14) If a human has 23 pairs of chromosomes, how many possible combinations of gametes can be produced by
the random lining up of pairs in meiosis?
4,194,304
8,388,608
2,097,152
16,777,216
Correct Answer
8,388,608
15) Fill in the blanks using the available answer choices.
Categorize the following descriptions as hybridization or inbreeding.
Description
Type of breeding
Disadvantages: expensive and time consuming
(Blank 1)
Disadvantage: harmful traits can be passed on to future generations
(Blank 2)
Ensures that a trait is passed on to future generations
(Blank 3)
Two different varieties of a vegetable are crossed to make specific traits
(Blank 4)
Examples: Clydesdale horses, Angus cattle, and German shepherd dogs
(Blank 5)
Examples: oroblancos, ligers, and zeedonks
(Blank 6)
Blank 1 options
hybridization
inbreeding
Blank 2 options
hybridization
inbreeding
Blank 3 options
hybridization
inbreeding
Blank 4 options
hybridization
inbreeding
Blank 5 options
hybridization
inbreeding
Blank 6 options
hybridization
inbreeding
Correct Answer
hybridization
inbreeding
inbreeding
hybridization
inbreeding
hybridization
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
16) White grapefruit (W) is dominant to red grapefruit (w). A farmer breeds a white grapefruit with a red
grapefruit. The offspring's characteristics are as follows:
half are white grapefruit
half are red grapefruit
Based on the offspring's characteristics, what is the genotype of the parental white grapefruit?
WW
ww
It cannot be determined.
Ww
Correct Answer
Ww
17) Which of these statements is not true of inbreeding?
Two closely related organisms are bred together.
Undesired traits can be eliminated.
Harmful recessive traits can never be passed to offspring.
Desired traits can be passed to offspring.
Correct Answer
Harmful recessive traits can never be passed to offspring.
18) Fill in the blanks using the available answer choices.
produces huskies strong enough to pull sleds.
(Blank 1)
Blank 1 options
Hybridization
Recessive traits
Phenotypes
Variation
Correct Answer
Hybridization
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
19) A __ can determine an exact genotype.
phenotype
genome
test cross
hybridization process
Correct Answer
test cross
20A) Fill in the blanks using the available answer choices.
Use the blank Punnett square below to show the parent alleles and possible offspring genotype(s) of a test
cross between a heterozygous white grapefruit tree and a homozygous-recessive red grapefruit tree.
W
w
(Blank 1)
(Blank 2)
(Blank 3)
(Blank 4)
(Blank 5)
(Blank 6)
Blank 1 options
W
w
Blank 2 options
WW
Ww
ww
Blank 3 options
WW
Ww
ww
Blank 4 options
W
w
Blank 5 options
WW
Ww
ww
Blank 6 options
WW
Ww
ww
Correct Answer
w
Ww
ww
w
Ww
ww
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
20B) Describe the possible appearances of the grapefruit tree offspring shown in this Punnett square.
Correct Answer
Answers may vary.
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
21) Drag the terms to the correct location in the pedigree.
carrier
normal
affected
Correct Answer
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
carrier
affected
normal
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
22) Which statement is true of carriers? Select all that apply.
They can pass a gene for a recessive disorder.
They have one dominant allele.
They express the recessive trait.
They are heterozygous for a recessive disorder.
Correct Answer
They can pass a gene for a recessive disorder.
They have one dominant allele.
They are heterozygous for a recessive disorder.
23A) What do the Roman numerals in the pedigree diagram represent?
Correct Answer
Blank 1: generation or generations
23B) How many of the offspring in this example have the alleles for Tay-Sachs disease?
1
0
3
2
Correct Answer
1
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
24) You and your colleagues are constructing a pedigree for a boy with cystic fibrosis. The individual’s younger
brother has also been diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. How would these brothers be represented in a
pedigree?
Both would be represented as unshaded squares.
Both would be represented as completely shaded circles.
Both would be represented as completely shaded squares.
The older brother would be a shaded square, while the younger brother would be a half-shaded square.
Correct Answer
Both would be represented as completely shaded squares.
25) Incomplete dominance occurs when the heterozygous phenotype is an intermediate phenotype between the
two homozygous phenotypes.
True
False
Correct Answer
True
26) In radishes, color is controlled by incomplete dominance, where homozygous dominant radishes are red,
homozygous recessive radishes are white, and the intermediate radishes are purple. What phenotypic
ratios would you expect from crossing two heterozygous plants?
1:1:1 red:purple:white
3:1 red:white
1:2:1 red:purple:white
2:2 red:white
Correct Answer
1:2:1 red:purple:white
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
27) Fill in the blanks using the available answer choices.
A female who carries the trait for red-green color blindness and a normal male decide to have children.
Complete the Punnett square and determine the phenotype of the potential children.
XB
Y
Xb
(Blank 1)
(Blank 2)
XB
(Blank 3)
(Blank 4)
Phenotype of the sons:
Blank 1 options
female normal
female carrier
female color-blind
male normal
male color-blind
(Blank 5)
Blank 2 options
female normal
female carrier
female color-blind
male normal
male color-blind
Blank 3 options
female normal
female carrier
female color-blind
male normal
male color-blind
Blank 4 options
female normal
female carrier
female color-blind
male normal
male color-blind
Blank 5 options
all normal
all color-blind
1 normal; 1 color-blind
Correct Answer
female carrier
male color-blind
female normal
male normal
1 normal; 1 color-blind
28) Traits controlled by genes on the X chromosome are called sex-linked traits. In what individuals are
recessive sex-linked traits more commonly expressed?
females because they have no Y chromosome
males because they have only one X chromosome
males because they have a Y chromosome
females because they have two X chromosomes
Correct Answer
males because they have only one X chromosome
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
29) Why is sickle-cell disease a codominant genetic condition?
An intermediate phenotype is expressed.
No alleles are expressed in the heterozygous condition.
Both alleles are expressed in the heterozygous condition.
Both alleles are expressed in the homozygous condition.
Correct Answer
Both alleles are expressed in the heterozygous condition.
30) Human blood groups are determined by __.
single alleles
codominance
multiple alleles
incomplete dominance
Correct Answer
multiple alleles
31) What is the genotype of a woman with red-green color blindness?
XB XB
Xb Y
XB Xb
Xb Xb
Correct Answer
Xb Xb
32) Which defines an organism that is homozygous for a trait?
has two of the same alleles for a trait
has two of the same genes for a trait
has two different genes for a trait
has two different alleles for a trait
Correct Answer
has two of the same alleles for a trait
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
33) What is the effect of sickle-cell anemia?
inefficient oxygen transportation
decreased neurological functions
susceptibility to contracting malaria
blocked respiratory pathways
Correct Answer
inefficient oxygen transportation
34) What is the function of a pedigree?
A diagram that determines the genotype and phenotype of an organism.
A diagram that traces the inheritance of a particular trait through generations.
A diagram that explains the results of a test cross between two organisms.
A diagram that explains the inheritance of traits that was used by Mendel.
Correct Answer
A diagram that traces the inheritance of a particular trait through generations.
35) Which is the ratio of pea plant offspring with recessive green seeds if both parents are hybrids?
1:1
1:2
1:8
1:4
Correct Answer
1:4
36) Which of the following causes genetic recombination? Select all that apply.
independent assortment
alleles
segregation
crossing over
Correct Answer
independent assortment
crossing over
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
37) Fill in the blanks using the available answer choices.
The process of breeding closely-related organisms to eliminate undesirable traits in future generations is
called
.
(Blank 1)
Blank 1 options
inbreeding
crossing over
segregation
Correct Answer
inbreeding
38) Fill in the blanks using the available answer choices.
Breeding a dog that has a good sense of smell with another dog that will retrieve game birds to produce
offspring with both desirable traits is an example of
.
(Blank 1)
Blank 1 options
hybridization
inbreeding
segregation
Correct Answer
hybridization
39) A person who is a heterozygous for albinism is called a(n)
.
Correct Answer
Blank 1: carrier
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
40) Use the blank Punnett square below to show the parent alleles and possible offspring genotype(s) of a test
cross between a heterozygous purple pea plant and a homozygous-recessive white pea plant.
p
p
Correct Answer
Blank 1: P
Blank 2: Pp
Blank 3: Pp
Blank 4: p
Blank 5: pp
Blank 6: pp
41) The possibility for either green or yellow seeds in pea plants is an example of possible
.
Correct Answer
Blank 1: alleles
42) The allele pairs of an individual organism are called its
.
Correct Answer
Blank 1: genotype
43) An intermediate heterozygous phenotype between two homozygous phenotypes is called
.
Correct Answer
Blank 1: incomplete
Blank 2: dominance
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
44) The Punnett square below examines the freckles allele. Describe the genotypes and phenotypes of the two
parents that produce the four possible gamete combinations in the Punnett square.
Correct Answer
Answers may vary.
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
45) A child is born with type A blood. Infer the possible genotypes of the child’s parents.
Correct Answer
Answers may vary.
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
46) A yellow round pea was crossed with another yellow round pea. Discuss the probabilities of all the possible
phenotypes of the next generation represented by the genetic cross of the Punnett square.
Correct Answer
Answers may vary.
47)
is defined as the science of heredity.
Correct Answer
Blank 1: genetics or Genetics
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
48) Fill in the blanks using the available answer choices.
A(n)
is defined as an alternative form of a single gene passed from generation to generation.
(Blank 1)
Blank 1 options
allele
hybrid
trait
Correct Answer
allele
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
49) Match the term with its definition.
Mendel’s name for a
specific trait that
appeared in the F1
generation
Mendel’s name for a
specific trait hidden
or masked in the F1
generation
organism with two of
the same alleles for a
specific trait
organism with two
different alleles for a
specific trait
Genotype
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Phenotype
Recessive
Dominant
an organism’s allele
pairs
observable
characteristic that is
expressed as a result
of an allele pair
Correct Answer
Mendel’s name for a specific trait that appeared in
the F1 generation
Dominant
Mendel’s name for a specific trait hidden or
masked in the F1 generation
Recessive
organism with two of the same alleles for a
specific trait
Homozygous
organism with two different alleles for a specific
trait
Heterozygous
an organism’s allele pairs
Genotype
observable characteristic that is expressed as a
result of an allele pair
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Phenotype
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
50) Which statement pertains to Mendel's law of segregation?
Allele pairs are called a genotype.
Homozygous organisms are called hybrids.
Dominant traits are visible.
Two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis.
Correct Answer
Two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis.
51) Which of these pertains to Mendel's law of independent assortment?
protein production
random distribution of alleles
observable characteristics of a trait
separation of alleles during meiosis
Correct Answer
random distribution of alleles
52) Replace the italicized words with the correct vocabulary term.
Human growth hormone has been used in agriculture to increase the size of flowers.
Gene linkage
Polyploidy
The law of segregation
Genetic recombination
Correct Answer
Polyploidy
53) Replace the italicized words with the correct vocabulary term.
Crossing over and independent assortment produce chromosomes.
law of segregation
polyploidy
genetic recombination
gene linkage
Correct Answer
genetic recombination
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
54) Fill in the blanks using the available answer choices.
The process by which desired traits of certain plants and animals are selected and passed on to their future
generations is called
.
(Blank 1)
Blank 1 options
selective breeding
inbreeding
hybridization
Correct Answer
selective breeding
55) Fill in the blanks using the available answer choices.
The process in which two closely related organisms are bred to have the desired traits and to eliminate the
undesired ones in future generations is called
.
(Blank 1)
Blank 1 options
selective breeding
inbreeding
hybridization
Correct Answer
inbreeding
56) An individual who is heterozygous for a recessive disorder is called a
.
Correct Answer
Blank 1: carrier
57) A scientist studies a family history using a
particular trait through several generations.
, a diagram that traces the inheritance of a
Correct Answer
Blank 1: pedigree
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
58) White-flowered plants crossed with red-flowered plants to produce pink-flowered offspring is an example of
__.
complete dominance
codominance
incomplete dominance
dominance
Correct Answer
incomplete dominance
59) Fill in the blanks using the available answer choices.
In a complex inheritance pattern called
(Blank 1)
, both alleles are
expressed in the heterozygous condition.
Blank 1 options
codominance
incomplete dominance
multiple alleles
Correct Answer
codominance
60) Fill in the blanks using the available answer choices.
Forms of inheritance that are determined by more than two alleles are referred to as
. Examples include blood groups in humans and coat color in
(Blank 1)
rabbits.
Blank 1 options
codominance
incomplete dominance
multiple alleles
Correct Answer
multiple alleles
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Answer Key with Questions
Biology 11th grade- Term 1- Chapter 1
61) Fill in the blanks using the available answer choices.
An interaction in which one allele hides the effect of another allele is called
.
(Blank 1)
Blank 1 options
epistasis
nondisjunction
dosage compensation
sex determination
Correct Answer
epistasis
62) Fill in the blanks using the available answer choices.
Traits such as skin color and height, which result from multiple genes, are called
.
(Blank 1)
Blank 1 options
alleles
polygenic traits
pedigrees
inactive chromosomes
Correct Answer
polygenic traits
63) Traits controlled by genes located on the X chromosome are called
.
Correct Answer
Blank 1: sex-linked traits or sex linked traits
64) Juanita is studying the history of England, and her textbook shows the pedigree of Queen Victoria. The text
also introduces the concept of a pedigree. Which is the explanation of pedigree provided by the history text?
a description of the genotypes of a person’s children
a diagram that traces the inheritance of one trait
a map of the genetic makeup of one individual
a chart listing all the observable traits of a person
Correct Answer
a diagram that traces the inheritance of one trait
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