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N O T E : T h
re p ro d u c e
o f A C T , In
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d , s o ld , s c a
c . V io la to r s
ll r ig h
r ia l is
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m a te r ia ls , th is b
s , s c o r in g k e y s , a n
m in in g y o u r A C T s
is a r e p o r t th a t lis
h e th e r y o u r a n s w e
w a s n o t c o r r e c t, g iv
u e
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ts
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e a c h
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th e c o
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r s io n ta b le s u
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o f y o u r a n s w
r r e c t, a n d , if y
rre c t a n s w e r.
.
n tia l c o p y r ig h te d p r o p e r ty o f A C T , In c ., a n d m a y n o t b e c o p ie d ,
r o th e r w is e tr a n s fe r r e d w ith o u t th e p r io r e x p r e s s w r itte n p e r m is s io n
h ts a r e s u b je c t to c iv il a n d c r im in a l p e n a ltie s .
tio
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o u r
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D ir e c tio n s
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a b ilitie s h ig h
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m a th e m a tic
T h e
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to m a tc
le tte r e d
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te
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ly r
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s tio
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c o n ta in
ie n c e .
e la te d
g e . C a
s t o n ly
s te s ts
T h e s e
to h ig h
lc u la to
.
n s in e a c h te
w e rs fo r e a c h
c u m e n t, th e ro
u e s tio n s , a n d
e s p o n d to th e
in
te
s
rs
s t a
q u
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th e
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E n g lis h ,
s ts m e a s
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m a y b e
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g e
n s w e r to e
a n a n s w
m a r k in g y
r ta in th a t y
b e r a s th e
a c h
e r,
o u r
o u
q u
e
a th e m a
s k ills
e w o rk
s e d o n
n u m b e re d , a n
tio n a r e le tte r e
o v a ls a r e n u m
v a ls in e a c h r o
s te d a n s w e rs .
h q u e s tio n ,  r s t d e c id e w h ic
te o n th e a n s w e r d o c u m e n t
th e s a m e a s th e q u e s tio n .
a t r o w le tte r e d th e s a m e
in th e o v a l c o m p le te ly . U s e
y o u r m a r k s h e a v y a n d b la c k
a n ic a l p e n c il.
a r k o n ly o n e a
m in d a b o u t
u g h ly b e fo r e
tio n , m a k e c e
th e s a m e n u m
m
u r
rs
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d
d .
b e
w
tic
a n
a n
th
s ,
d
d
e
th
O
re
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n
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h a n s w e r is b e s t.
th e r o w o f o v a ls
T h e n , lo c a te th e
a s y o u r a n s w e r.
a s o ft le a d p e n c il
. D o n o t u s e in k
q u e s tio
e ra s e
n e w a n
m a r k in
e s tio n .
n . If y o
y o u r 
s w e r.
th e ro w
u c h
rs t
F o r
o f
a n g e
m a rk
e a c h
o v a ls
O n ly
w ill b e s
o n th e n
th e tim e
fo r g u e s
q u e s tio
re s p o n s e s
c o re d . Y o u r
u m b e r o f q u
a llo w e d fo r
s in g . It is t o
n e v e n if y o
m a rk e d
s c o re o n
e s tio n s
th a t te s
y o u r a
u m u s t
o n y o u r a n s w
e a c h te s t w ill b
y o u a n s w e r c o
t. Y o u w ill n o t
d v a n ta g e to a
g u e s s .
e r
e
rre
b e
n s
d o c
b a s e
c tly
p e n
w e r
Y o u m a y w o rk o n e a c h te s t o n ly w h e n th
s ta ff te lls y o u to d o s o . If y o u  n is h a te s t b e fo
c a lle d fo r th a t te s t, y o u s h o u ld u s e th e tim e r e m
r e c o n s id e r q u e s tio n s y o u a r e u n c e r ta in a b o u t in
Y o u m a y n o t lo o k b a c k to a te s t o n w h ic h
a lr e a d y b e e n c a lle d , a n d y o u m a y n o t g o
a n o th e r te s t. T o d o s o w ill d is q u a lify y o u
e x a m in a tio n .
L a y
a t th e
in o r a
T o d o
y o u r p
e n d o f
lte r o v a
s o w ill
e n c il d o w
e a c h te s
ls fo r a te
d is q u a lify
n im m e d ia te ly
t. Y o u m a y n o
s t a fte r tim e is
y o u fro m th e
w h
t fo
c a
e x a
e n
r
lle
m
u m e n t
d o n ly
d u r in g
a liz e d
e v e ry
e te s tin g
r e tim e is
a in in g to
th a t te s t.
tim e h a s
a h e a d to
fro m th e
tim e is c a lle d
a n y r e a s o n  ll
d fo r th a t te s t.
in a tio n .
D o n o t fo ld o r te a r th e p a g e s o f y o u r te s t b o o k le t.
D O
N O T O P E N T H IS B O O K L E T
U N T IL T O L D T O D O S O .
1
1
ENG LIS H TES T
45 Minutes—75 Q uestions
DIR EC TIO NS : In the five passages that follow, certain
words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In
the right-hand column, you will find alternatives for the
underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the
one that best expresses the idea, makes the statement
appropriate for standard written English, or is worded
most consistently with the style and tone of the passage
as a whole. If you think the original version is best,
choose “NO CHANGE.” In some cases, you will find in
the right-hand column a question about the underlined
part. You are to choose the best answer to the question.
You will also find questions about a section of the passage, or about the passage as a whole. These questions
do not refer to an underlined portion of the passage, but
rather are identified by a number or numbers in a box.
For each question, choose the alternative you consider
best and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer
document. Read each passage through once before you
begin to answer the questions that accompany it. For
many of the questions, you must read several sentences
beyond the question to determine the answer. Be sure
that you have read far enough ahead each time you
choose an alternative.
PAS S AG E I
Story Seeker
[1]
On my ninth birthday, my grandmother gave me
the typewriter she had used, throughout her career as
1
a news writer. I thanked her but regarded it as I would
2
have the bones of a prehistoric animal. Being used to the
3
computer keyboard, the tapping of the keys, the letters
appearing on-screen as if by magic. Even so, typing
4
on a typewriter required endurance. Each of the
keys was raised on a metal stilt, which, if jabbed
1. A .
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
used, throughout her career,
used throughout her career,
used throughout her career
2. F.
G.
H.
J.
NO CHANGE
but regarding
yet regarding
so regarded
3. A .
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
I was used to the
Used to the
The
4. F.
G.
H.
J.
NO CHANGE
For example,
In contrast,
Still,
forcefully enough, would snap up and imprint the
5. A . NO CHANGE
B. print of the letter, depending on the key that was
pressed.
C . corresponding letter that matched.
D. corresponding letter.
paper with the print of the corresponding letter.
5
6. Which choice most effectively maintains the narrator’s
tone by using exaggeration for emphasis?
F. NO CHANGE
G . kind of a long time
H . a while
J . time
It took me forever to type a single sentence. [ A]
6
ACT-F12
2
G O O N TO THE NEXT PAG E.
1
1
[2]
Nevertheless, I eked out my first news story,
which was about a boy who received a typewriter from his
grandmother on his birthday. [ B] The story didn’ t even fill
half a page, but I handed it to my grandmother with pride.
After she read it, she squinted at me from behind her
glasses. [ C] “ But news writing is about telling your
readers something they need to know. Enlighten them.”
[3]
The next morning I scoured the
neighborhood empty notebook in hand,
7
dejected. [ D] I was surrounded by adults who
7. A .
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
neighborhood, empty notebook in hand,
neighborhood, empty notebook in hand
neighborhood empty notebook in hand
8. F.
G.
H.
J.
NO CHANGE
forth for it was
forth, it was
forth being
9. A .
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
while hand-delivering
I hand-delivered
hand-delivering
already seemed to know everything. Who was I
to judge what people needed to know?
[4]
Then, as I approached the park at the end of my
block, I heard a small squeal coming from the direction
of the swings. I ran over to find a girl standing there,
brushing dirt from her jeans. The seat of the nearest swing
dangled from one chain while the other chain swayed back
and forth, unattached. No one else had witnessed what I
8
had; I realized I’d found my story.
[5]
Later that day, while I hand-delivered copies of my
9
broken swing story to every house on the block. Someone
repaired the swing the very next day. Regardless, my
10
grandmother attributed its quick repair to my story.
11
ACT-F12
3
10. F.
G.
H.
J.
NO CHANGE
Of course,
However,
Instead,
11. A .
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
designated
assigned
referred
G O O N TO THE NEXT PAG E.
1
1
[6]
12. F.
G.
H.
J.
Now, fifteen years later, I’ve moved past writing about
12
broken playground equipment. But whatever I write,
whenever I write, my grandmother’s voice still guides
NO CHANGE
passed writing about
passed writing for
past writing for
13. The essay writer is considering deleting the underlined
porti on. Shoul d the underl i ned porti on be kept or
deleted?
A . Kept, because i t i ntroduces the grandmother’ s
voice to the narrative.
B. Kept, because it reiterates the main theme of the
narrative.
C . Deleted, because it fails to explain how the grandmother is qualified to give the narrator advice.
D. Deleted, because it takes the focus away from the
narrator’s writing technique.
me. “Anthony,” she says, “ tell them something they
13
need to know.”
13
Questions 14 and 15 ask about the preceding passage as a whole.
14. The essay writer is considering adding the following
sentence to the essay:
“ This is a good start, Anthony,” she said.
The sentence would most logically be placed at:
F. Point A in Paragraph 1.
G . Point B in Paragraph 2.
H . Point C in Paragraph 2.
J . Point D in Paragraph 3.
15. Suppose the essay writer’s primary purpose had been
to provide a brief overview of the narrator’s fifteenyear career as a news writer. Would this essay accomplish that purpose?
A . Yes, because it describes the narrator’s most significant news stories and how they shaped him as a
writer.
B. Yes, because it focuses on the news stories the narrator wrote when he was nine years old.
C . No, because it instead focuses on the narrator’s
grandmother’s experiences as a news writer and
how those experiences shaped her career.
D. No, because it instead describes a single story that
marked the beginning of the narrator’s interest in
news writing.
P A S S A G E II
A nimals O ver, Under, and A bove A ll
[1]
In northwest Montana, more than thirty species of
animals, ranging from otters to elk, travel across a busy
fifty-six-mile stretch of US Highway 93 via overpasses,
bridges, and tunnels. These structures comprise the most
expensive and innovative wildlife-centered highway design
project in the United States. [ A]
ACT-F12
4
G O O N TO THE NEXT PAG E.
1
1
[2]
In the late 1980s, as plans were under way to expand
16
a crowded tract of US Highway 93 into a four-lane road.
[ B] This section of highway bisects the Flathead Indian
17
Reservation, home to members of the Confederated Salish
16. F.
G.
H.
J.
NO CHANGE
1980s, when
1980s,
1980s;
17. A .
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
highway, which bisects
highway that bisects
highway, bisecting
18. Which choice most precisely conveys that the highway
crosses through the mi grati on paths and breedi ng
grounds?
F. NO CHANGE
G . is a part of
H . runs along
J . follows
and Kootenai tribes. It also intersects the migration paths
18
19. A . NO CHANGE
B. ani mal s, whose mi grati on routes and breedi ng
areas are here.
C . animals, quite a few of them.
D. animals.
and breeding grounds of many animals, furthermore. These
19
animals were forced to cross the busy road, dying in large
numbers while doing so. [ C] Insisting on a plan that would
help wildlife thrive, tribal members worked with highway
engineers and scientists from Montana State University to
20. F.
G.
H.
J.
create a highway infrastructure that allows animals to
20
move freely and safely.
[3]
NO CHANGE
include a means for allowing
were to allow
allow
This length of road now features forty-one wildlife
crossings deliberately placed along the animals’ most
important migratory routes. [ D] Ten-foot-wide culverts
and small concrete tunnels allow animals of various sizes
to pass under the highway 5
21. If the writer were to add the phrase “ even in groups” at
this point (adjusting the punctuation as needed), the
paragraph would primarily gain:
A . an indication that many animals living near US
Highway 93 have grown accustomed to traveling
alone, even during migration periods.
B. a detail that emphasizes that the culverts and tunnels were specially designed to accommodate animals’ needs.
C . a suggesti on that more groups of l arge ani mal s
than groups of small animals have been using the
crossings to travel together.
D. a concession that traveling alone is dangerous for
most ani mal s, even when they are usi ng the
crossings.
. The project’s most visible
22. F.
G.
H.
J.
crossing is a twenty-six-foot-high, and two-hundred22
foot-long overpass covered with natural vegetation.
ACT-F12
5
NO CHANGE
is: a twenty-six-foot-high,
is, a twenty-six-foot-high
is a twenty-six-foot-high
G O O N TO THE NEXT PAG E.
1
23. A .
B.
C.
D.
It guides bears and moose from the highway for
23
the other half of their natural habitat range.
[4]
1
NO CHANGE
with the highway toward
over the highway to
on the highway at
24. Whi ch statement most eff ectivel y i ntroduces thi s
paragraph?
F. NO CHANGE
G . The very hi ghways that al l ow peopl e to move
freely often block the movement of animals.
H . So far, these wildlife crossings appear to be doing
what they were designed to do.
J . Safe, carefully placed fencing seems to help animals use the crossings.
This highway project helps protect
24
both humans and animals. Surveillance
24
cameras have captured animals
25
seeming to teach their young how to use
26
the structures. A mother black bear nudges
25. A .
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
that record nearby activities have
recording animals have
have recorded and
26. F.
G.
H.
J.
NO CHANGE
are seeming
while seem
seem
27. A .
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
she walks
they walk
it walks
28. F.
G.
H.
J.
NO CHANGE
down, in a culvert,
down, in a culvert
down in a culvert
her cub as it climbs onto the overpass; then
the two walk ahead quickly so her cub will follow
27
her. White-tailed does lie down (in a culvert) as their
28
fawns run back and forth in it, and then they all walk
through the culvert together. With thousands of deer
having bounded over one new bridge, animals seem
to be learning that they have found safe passage.
Questions 29 and 30 ask about the preceding passage as a whole.
29. The writer is considering adding the following sentence to the essay:
I f the road were wi dened conventi onal l y,
crossing it would become even more dangerous, and animals would eventually be trapped
i n haphazard f ragments of thei r natural
habitat.
If the writer were to add this sentence, it would most
logically be placed at:
A . Point A in Paragraph 1.
B. Point B in Paragraph 2.
C . Point C in Paragraph 2.
D. Point D in Paragraph 3.
ACT-F12
30. Suppose the wri ter’ s pri mary purpose had been to
describe the process by which a few groups worked
together to achieve a common goal. Would this essay
accomplish that purpose?
F. Yes, because the essay makes cl ear that groups
worked together i n the 1980s to prevent the
redesi gn of several hi stori c two-l ane roads i n
Montana.
G . Yes, because the essay descri bes the organi zed
group protests by tribes, engineers, and scientists
that led to the animal crossings being built.
H . No, because although the essay states that groups
worked together to create animal crossings, the
essay f ocuses on descri bi ng the benefi ts of the
structures.
J . No, because the essay instead focuses on providing data to show the number of animal deaths that
a road redesign project has prevented.
6
G O O N TO THE NEXT PAG E.
1
1
P A S S A G E III
E va Z eisel’s Playful Search for Beauty
[1]
Speaking at an event held to honor her nearly
eighty years as a ceramics designer, artist Eva Zeisel
31. A .
B.
C.
D.
said her focus had always been the same; a playful
31
search for beauty. [ A] The Hungarian-born artist’s
search began following a 1925 trip to the World’s
NO CHANGE
same: a playful
same a playful:
same a playful
Fair in Paris, France. [ B] There she had visited
row after row of exhibitions not only by
the world’s preeminent new architects but
32. Given that all the choices are accurate, which one best
provi des a f oundati on f or the essay’ s di scussi on of
Zeisel’s artistic focus?
F. NO CHANGE
G . graphic artists, many of whom were from Poland.
H . leading designers of objects for the home.
J . prominent French perfume makers.
also by creators of fashion mannequins.
32
Zeisel felt that many of the featured
designs, stressing stark, geometric shapes
33. A .
B.
C.
D.
and angular lines, fundamentally
33
too cold. B
34. Which of the following true statements, if added here,
would best connect the preceding sentence to the last
sentence in the paragraph?
F. They didn’ t remind her of anything she had created as an apprentice potter.
G . She did, however, appreciate that the designs were
not at all flowery or frilly.
H . She still appreciated all that she had taken in at the
World’s Fair.
J . They didn’ t express a sense of joy or humanity.
For Zeisel, the only
35. A .
B.
C.
D.
emotion they conveyed was “ leave me alone.”
35
[2]
NO CHANGE
emotion, they conveyed,
emotion they conveyed:
emotion they conveyed,
36. F. NO CHANGE
G . Zei sel , who was a cerami cs desi gner for nearl y
eighty years,
H . Zei sel , who attended the 1925 Worl d’ s Fai r i n
Paris,
J . Zeisel
Zeisel herself personally thought and believed
36
that items to be used in the home, where people
gather most often and most closely, should be warm
and inviting. Working in simple white ceramic,
37. A .
B.
C.
D.
for creating her dinnerware sets of plates, bowls,
37
cups, and saucers and exhibiting them at local fairs.
ACT-F12
NO CHANGE
were
also
DELETE the underlined portion.
7
NO CHANGE
she began creating
the creation of her
while creating
G O O N TO THE NEXT PAG E.
1
1
Her pieces were spare and unadorned, following
key elements of the design trends she had observed
in Paris, yet they highlighted soft S curves,
asymmetrical bends, and whimsical, informal
shapes regardless, without adornments. Hers was
38
a joyful, casual twist, however, on what was new
39
and exciting in modern design. Hungarian ceramic
38. F.
G.
H.
J.
NO CHANGE
shapes. Still, her pieces were spare.
shapes, having no embellishments.
shapes.
39. A .
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
twist, previously,
twist, similarly,
twist
40. F.
G.
H.
J.
NO CHANGE
along
in
at
manufacturers quickly promoted and mass-produced
several of her collections. [ C] Though unsure of the
offbeat new look at first, European and American
families soon embraced Zeisel’s carefree approach
to the table, and Zeisel became even more playful
to her designs.
40
[3]
41. Given that all the choices are accurate, which one best
introduces the series of examples of Zeisel’s designs
that follows?
A . NO CHANGE
B. Long af ter her fi rst cerami cs exhi bi ti on i n the
United States, which had been held in 1926,
C . While the originals of her early work have become
sought-after collectibles,
D. Someti mes establ i shi ng and teachi ng cerami cs
design courses,
Wanting her pieces to symbolize human
41
relationships and bonds, Zeisel designed salt and
41
pepper shakers that nestled, able to be set as one
piece or apart as two. Gravy boats had sides that
reached upward to barely meet them, as if in a light,
42
grazing touch. Plates, rather than all looking identical
43
when stacked, revealed complementary, wavelike bends.
In her long and lighthearted search, Zeisel showed both
44
designers and diners that art, and everyday life, should
include a swerve of joy and eccentricity. [ D]
ACT-F12
8
42. F.
G.
H.
J.
NO CHANGE
each other,
that,
it,
43. A .
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
they didn’ t all look
were not
and not
44. F.
G.
H.
J.
NO CHANGE
long, and lighthearted search, Zeisel showed
long and lighthearted search Zeisel showed,
long and lighthearted search Zeisel showed
G O O N TO THE NEXT PAG E.
1
1
Question 45 asks about the preceding passage
as a whole.
45. The writer is considering adding the following sentence to the essay:
Many of Zei sel ’ s fi rst desi gns to be massmanufactured had been critically acclaimed by
art enthusiasts and museums, but she wanted
her dinnerware pieces to be enjoyed by people
in the home.
If the writer were to add this sentence, it would most
logically be placed at:
A . Point A in Paragraph 1.
B. Point B in Paragraph 1.
C . Point C in Paragraph 2.
D. Point D in Paragraph 3.
P A S S A G E IV
Berry Sweet
46. Given that all the choices are accurate, which one provi des the most speci fi c descri pti on of the berry’ s
appearance?
F. NO CHANGE
G . about the size and shape of an almond,
H . cultivated primarily in warm climates,
J . grown on a shrub with dense foliage,
Dark red and containing one seed, the berry of
46
Synsepalum dulcificum, called miracle fruit, may not
47
seem particularly impressive at first. Its mildly sweet
47. A .
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
dulcificum called, miracle fruit,
dulcificum called miracle fruit,
dulcificum, called miracle fruit
48. F.
G.
H.
J.
NO CHANGE
lies
laid
lie
49. A .
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
molecules, which then bind
molecules, binding them
molecules to bind
tang is often compared to that of a cranberry. But within
this small fruit lays miraculin, a natural protein with the
48
power to trick the tongue by making even the sourest
flavors taste remarkably sweet.
Eating a miracle fruit allows miraculin
molecules that bind to the sweetness receptors
49
on the tongue’s taste buds. Then, when a food
containing acid (which generally causes a sour taste)
is consumed, this molecular bond intensifies. This
reaction, in turn, transmits a signal indicating sweetness
to the brain. Thus, acidic foods with sour or bitter flavors
register as sweet. Raw lemon slices taste like candy.
ACT-F12
9
G O O N TO THE NEXT PAG E.
1
1
50. Which choice best maintains the stylistic pattern established in the preceding sentence and continued in the
sentence that follows?
F. NO CHANGE
G . An apple juice taste replaces one of tart vinegar.
H . Vinegar that is tart tastes like apple juice instead.
J . Tart vinegar tastes like apple juice.
With tart vinegar, you taste apple juice. Sour cream
50
tastes like pudding. The effect takes anywhere from
fifteen minutes to an hour to compress.
51
In its native West Africa, given that miracle
52
fruit has been used as a sweetener for centuries. Yet,
53
due in part to its fragility and short shelf life, the fruit
51. A .
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
downgrade.
diminish.
constrict.
52. F.
G.
H.
J.
NO CHANGE
a region in which
where
DELETE the underlined portion.
53. A .
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
Consequently,
Moreover,
That is,
54. F.
G.
H.
J.
NO CHANGE
are attempting
has attempted
attempts
55. A .
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
forms, additionally, it sells them
forms, the berries are also sold
forms, as well as
is not widely known in the Western world. Growers
such as Curtis Mozie, who began growing miracle fruit in
Florida as a hobby over two decades ago, is attempting to
54
increase awareness and consumption of the fruit. To avoid
difficulties in shipping the delicate berries, his company
sells them in frozen and dried forms and it also sells them
55
56. At this point, the writer is considering adding the following true statement:
Mozie has said that his favorite foods to eat
with miracle fruit include green mangoes and
oysters with lemon juice.
Should the writer make this addition here?
F. Yes, because it offers an informed opinion on a
subject with which many people may be unfamiliar.
G . Yes, because it provides examples of acidic foods
that pair well with miracle fruit.
H . No, because it is only loosely related to the paragraph’s focus on efforts to expand awareness of
and access to miracle fruit.
J . No, because it gives the false impression that miracle fruit is widely available.
in powder, gum, and lollipops. X
ACT-F12
10
G O O N TO THE NEXT PAG E.
1
Dr. Linda Bartoshuk, whose studied the miracle
57
fruit and it’s properties over several decades, says
57
1
57. A .
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
who’s studied the miracle fruit and it’s
who’s studied the miracle fruit and its
whose studied the miracle fruit and its
58. F.
G.
H.
J.
NO CHANGE
entirely blocking sweet receptors
blocks sweet receptors entirely
to block sweet receptors entirely
59. A .
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
Bartoshuk, and other scientists, continue
Bartoshuk and other scientists continue,
Bartoshuk and other scientists continue
miraculin’s effect is unique among known proteins.
Though other plants can influence taste perceptions—one
herb, for example, which entirely blocks sweet receptors—
58
none but the miracle fruit triggers such powerfully
sweet tastes in response to an acidic environment.
Bartoshuk (and other scientists) continue, to research
59
potential health benefits of the berry; meanwhile,
60. Which choice would best conclude the sentence and
the essay by highlighting the berry’s main capability?
F. NO CHANGE
G . they’ve learned that heating or cooking the fruit
destroys miraculin’s taste-transforming properties.
H . the fruit’s consumers enjoy turning sour foods into
“ miraculously” sweet treats.
J . many chefs have created tasting menus incorporating miracle berries.
researchers in Japan have created a type of lettuce
60
capable of producing miraculin.
60
PAS S AG E V
H ilo H ula
[1]
Clad in a flowing, floor-length red dress,
her neck and hair adorned with red and yellow
flowers. A woman slowly makes her way to the
61
stage. Wearing a flowing dress of red as the guitar’s
62
soft melody floats through the air, she offers a sad
smile. Raising her arms gracefully, she begins
NO CHANGE
flowers, a woman slowly makes
flowers while slowly making
flowers, slowly making
62. F.
G.
H.
J.
NO CHANGE
Flowers ornamenting her hair as
Approaching the stage as
As
63. If the writer were to delete the underlined portion, the
paragraph would primarily lose information that:
A . indicates the reason that the woman’s smile is sad.
B. specifies why the story the woman is sharing is
considered sad.
C . suggests that ancient legends are difficult stories to
convey clearly.
D. explains why Hawaiian legends are traditionally
told through dance.
to tell a legendary and sorrowful Hawaiian tale.
63
ACT-F12
61. A .
B.
C.
D.
11
G O O N TO THE NEXT PAG E.
1
1
She speaks no words, however, instead relaying the ancient
story through the expressive art of dance native to Hawai‘ i:
64
hula. [ A] Her performance marks the start of the world’s
64. F.
G.
H.
J.
NO CHANGE
dance—native to Hawai‘ i,
dance, native to Hawai‘ i,
dance native to Hawai‘ i;
65. A .
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
a way of trying to help out with
an attempt to bolster
an effort to amp up
most prestigious hula competition, held each spring at the
Merrie Monarch Festival in Hilo, Hawai‘ i. [ B]
[2]
Founded in 1964 as an endeavor to
65
accomplish a boost in Hilo’s economy, the
65
festival, named for a nineteenth-century Hawaiian
king known for patronizing the arts, initially
struggled to gain interest. [ C] It wasn’ t until festival
66. F. NO CHANGE
G . organizer, Dottie Thompson, and respected hula
master
H . organi zer, Dotti e Thompson and respected hul a
master,
J . organi zer Dotti e Thompson and respected hul a
master
organizer Dottie Thompson and respected hula master,
66
“ Uncle” George Na‘ ope introduced hula competitions
in 1971 that attendance was invigorated.
67
It’s renewed focus on celebrating hula and
68
other aspects of authentic Hawaiian culture
67. A .
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
so that
when
DELETE the underlined portion.
68. F.
G.
H.
J.
NO CHANGE
The festival’s
They’re
One’s
69. A .
B.
C.
D.
NO CHANGE
has a need
does need
needs
70. F.
G.
H.
J.
NO CHANGE
he had
so
DELETE the underlined portion.
attracted both locals and visitors alike.
[3]
Thompson and Na‘ ope believed all elements of hula
tradition, both ancient (referring to hula predating 1893)
and modern, need to be preserved and shared. [ D] Kahiko,
69
or ancient hula, involves chanting and little instrumental
accompaniment. ‘ Auana (modern hula), on the other hand,
having been influenced by Western music, is generally
accompanied by guitar or ukulele. Due in part to
Na‘ ope’s efforts to revive male hula, when a men’s
70
division was added in 1976.
ACT-F12
12
G O O N TO THE NEXT PAG E.
1
71. A .
B.
C.
D.
The festival’s competitive hula events, which had grown
71
so popular by then that they were relocated from a small
1
NO CHANGE
events had grown
events growing
events,
72. The writer is considering revising the underlined portion to the following:
5,000-seat stadium,
Given that the i nf ormati on i s accurate, shoul d the
writer make this revision?
F. Yes, because it provides a more specific idea of the
number of dancers competing in the festival.
G . Yes, because it offers a specific detail that better
illustrates how popular the events became.
H . No, because it is only loosely related to the sentence’s discussion of the events’ popularity.
J . No, because it repeats information about festival
attendance stated earlier in the essay.
auditorium to a larger venue, where they have taken
72
place ever since.
[4]
73. A . NO CHANGE
B. festival, which hosts the world’s most prestigious
hula competition,
C . festival, established in 1964,
D. festival
Today, many credit the festival, an annual
73
event in Hilo, with the widespread revitalization
73
of hula. The organizers’ ongoing commitment to
promote and preserve Hawaiian culture helps the
art of hula continue to thrive as a “ living tradition.”
Questions 74 and 75 ask about the preceding passage as a whole.
74. The writer wants to add the following sentence to the
essay:
To that end, they established two stylistic categories in the competition.
This sentence would most logically be placed at:
F. Point A in Paragraph 1.
G . Point B in Paragraph 1.
H . Point C in Paragraph 2.
J . Point D in Paragraph 3.
75. Suppose the writer’s primary purpose had been to discuss the revival of a tradi ti onal cul tural art f orm.
Would this essay accomplish that purpose?
A . Yes, because it describes how the Merrie Monarch
Festival hel ped reki ndl e wi despread i nterest i n
hula.
B. Yes, because it notes significant events in the history of many traditional Hawaiian art forms.
C . No, because it focuses instead on describing the
vari ous activi ti es that take pl ace at the Merri e
Monarch Festival.
D. No, because it focuses instead on explaining the
origins of hula and its initial impact on Hawaiian
culture.
END O F TES T 1
S TO P! DO NO T TURN THE PAG E UNTIL TO LD TO DO S O .
ACT-F12
13
2
2
MATHEMATIC S TES T
60 Minutes—60 Q uestions
DIREC TIO NS : Solve each problem, choose the correct
answer, and then fill in the corresponding oval on your
answer document.
but some of the problems may best be done without
using a calculator.
Note: Unless otherwise stated, all of the following should
be assumed.
Do not linger over problems that take too much time.
Solve as many as you can; then return to the others in
the time you have left for this test.
1.
2.
3.
4.
You are permitted to use a calculator on this test. You
may use your calculator for any problems you choose,
DO YO UR FIG URING HERE.
1. A bag contains exactly 7 marbles, each with 1 number
on i t: 4 red marbl es numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4; and
3 black marbles numbered 1, 2, and 3. One marble will
be sel ected at random f rom the bag. What i s the
probabi l i ty that the marbl e sel ected wi l l be an
odd-numbered red marble?
A.
_1_
2
B.
_2_
7
Illustrative figures are NOT necessarily drawn to scale.
Geometric figures lie in a plane.
The word line indicates a straight line.
The word averag e indicates arithmetic mean.
7_
C . __
12
8_
D. __
49
E.
16_
__
49
2. Given p = 40 and q = −12, p + q i s equal to the
product of −4 and what number?
F. −13
G . 0−7
H . 07
J.
13
K . 120
3. In n ABC, ∠ A and ∠ C are congruent, and the measure
of ∠ B is 93.5°. What is the measure of ∠ A ?
A . 43.25°
B. 46.75°
C . 60°
D. 86.5°
E . 93.5°
ACT-F12
14
G O O N TO THE NEXT PAG E.
2
DO YO UR FIG URING HERE.
4. Ken is paid a regular hourly wage of $15 per hour,
before taxes and benefits are deducted, for working up
to and i ncl udi ng 40 hours i n 1 week. For each
addi ti onal hour he works i n a week, Ken i s pai d
2 times his regular hourly wage. Ken worked 44 hours
this week. What was his pay for this week before taxes
and benefits were deducted?
F. $0,630
G . $0,660
H . $0,720
J . $0,930
K . $1,320
2
5. What is the length, in inches, of the hypotenuse of a
right triangle with a leg that is 7 inches long and a leg
that is 4 inches long?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
√ 22
••
√ 33
••
√ •65
•
0005.5
0, 11
6. Given 3x − 7 = 8x − 16 is true, x = ?
F.
23_
− __
5
23_
G . − __
11
H . − _9_
5
J.
_9_
5
K.
23_
__
11
7. As shown in the figure below, points A, B, and D lie on
a line. The measure of angle ABC (m∠ ABC) is x°, and
m∠ CBD is (5x + 4)°.
C
A
B
D
Which of the following equations is true?
A . 0 (5x + 4) = x
B. x − (5x + 4) = 90
C . x + (5x + 4) = 90
D. x + (5x + 4) = 180
E . x + (5x + 4) = 360
ACT-F12
15
G O O N TO THE NEXT PAG E.
2
DO YO UR FIG URING HERE.
8. A restaurant currentl y has an outdoor rectangul ar
di ni ng secti on measuri ng 30 f eet by 40 f eet. The
shorter si des wi l l be i ncreased by 10 f eet each,
resulting in a larger rectangular dining section. What is
the posi tive di ff erence, i n square f eet, between the
areas of the resulting and current dining sections?
F. 100
G . 300
H . 400
J . 500
K . 600
2
9. What is the value of ⎪−4⎪ − ⎪6 − 29⎪ ?
A . −31
B. −27
C . −19
D. 19
E . 27
10. Chri stopher works i n a cl othi ng store. He earns
$7.50 per hour, pl us 6% of hi s sal es. Whi ch of the
following expressions gives Christopher’s earnings, in
dollars, when he works x hours and has y dollars in
sales?
F. 75x + 6y
G . 75x + 0.06y
H . 07.5x + 6y
J . 07.5x + 0.6y
K . 07.5x + 0.06y
___
↔
11. For
___ RT shown below, point S__is
_ on RT , the length of
RS is 8 cm, and the length of ST is 20 cm. What is the
distance,
in centimeters, between T and the midpoint
___
of RS ?
R
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
8
S
20
T
14
18
20
24
28
12. A conference presenter earned $48.50 for attending a
conference and $15.35 per hour for the hours she spent
preparing for her presentation. Let y be the amount of
money, in dollars, earned by the presenter when she
spent x hours preparing for her presentation. Which of
the following equations gives the relationship between
x and y ?
F. y = 15.35x
G . y = 33.15x
H . y = 63.85x
J . y = 15.35x + 48.50
K . y = 48.50x + 15.35
ACT-F12
16
G O O N TO THE NEXT PAG E.
2
DO YO UR FIG URING HERE.
13. Ben and Shawnee are painting a room in the library.
2
They started with 7 gallons of paint. On the first day,
Ben used _3_ gal l on of pai nt and Shawnee used
4
3 _12_ gallons of paint. How many gallons of paint were
left when they completed their first day of painting?
A . 2 _34_
B. 3 _12_
C . 3 _34_
D. 4 _14_
E . 6 _14_
−5 + 9x_
14. If x = −4, then ______
=?
2
x − 9x
F.
41_
− __
20
41_
G . − __
52
5_
H . − __
16
J.
31_
__
52
K.
41_
__
20
15. In the standard (x,y) coordinate plane, what is the slope
of the line represented by the equation y = 4x + 2 ?
A . _1_
2
B. ,2
C . ,4
D. ,4x
E.
_1_ y
2
16. The tri nomi al x2 + 11x + 24 can be factored i nto
2 binomials with positive integer coefficients. Which
of the following binomials is 1 of the factors?
F. x + 1
G. x+ 2
H. x + 3
J. x+ 4
K. x + 5
ACT-F12
17
G O O N TO THE NEXT PAG E.
2
6
17. Which of the following matrices is equal to 43−2
0 −34?
A.
3
−8 124
B.
16
3−12
4
C.
324 1014
D.
3 4
E.
24
3−80 −12
4
DO YO UR FIG URING HERE.
2
− _12_ − _32_
0 − _34_
18. Point P(5,−1), which is graphed in the standard (x,y)
coordinate plane below, will be reflected across the
x-axi s. What wi l l be the coordi nates of the i mage
of P ?
y
F.
G.
H.
J.
K.
(−5,−1)
(−5, 1)
(−1, 5)
( 5,−1)
( 5, 1)
O
x
P(5,−1)
19. Given that x ≤ 2 and x + y ≥ 6, what i s the LEAST
value that y can have?
A . −8
B. −4
C. 0
D. 4
E. 8
20. A square vegetabl e garden i s bui l t i n a rectangul ar
50-meter-by-40-meter lawn. The lengths of the sides of
the garden are 5 meters. What area of the l awn, i n
square meters, is outside of the vegetable garden?
F. 1,575
G . 1,750
H . 1,800
J . 1,975
K . 2,475
ACT-F12
18
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2
DO YO UR FIG URING HERE.
21. The di stance of the l ongest j ump of each of the
participants in a long jump competition is given in the
stem-and-leaf plot below.
Stem
2
Leaf
6
7
8
89
14789
012
Key: 7
3 = 73 inches
What is the probability that a long jump participant
chosen at random f rom the competi ti on wi l l have
jumped at least 75 inches?
3_
A . __
13
B.
7_
__
13
3_
C . __
10
4_
D. __
10
E.
6_
__
10
___
↔ ↔
22. I n the fi gure bel ow, DE i___
GF , poi nt A l i es on DE ,
poi nts C and B l i e on GF , m∠ GCA = 120°, and
m∠ GBA = 50°. What is m∠ CAB ?
(Note: The figure is NOT drawn to scale. The degree
measure of ∠ STU is denoted m∠ STU.)
A
D
G
F.
G.
H.
J.
K.
C
E
B F
10°
20°
50°
60°
70°
23. Gabe wi l l use 1 f l ui d ounce of f erti l i zer f or every
30 square feet of soil. At this rate, how much fertilizer,
to the nearest 0.01 gallon, will Gabe use for 0.8 acres
of soil?
(Note: 1 acre = 43,560 square feet;
1 gallon = 128 fluid ounces)
A . 00.07
B. 00.11
C . 09.08
D. 14.18
E . 24.00
ACT-F12
19
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DO YO UR FIG URING HERE.
24. On each of 10 tests, Andreas scored 2 points higher
than Mischa. When their average test scores on these
10 tests are compared, how many poi nts hi gher i s
Andreas’s average than Mischa’s average?
F. 02
G . 05
H . 06
J . 08
K . 20
2
25. For a certai n basketbal l pl ayer, the probabi l i ty of
success on any given free throw attempt is 0.7. What is
the least number of free throw attempts for which the
result is expected to be at least 18 successes?
A . 21
B. 25
C . 26
D. 43
E . 44
26. Some consecutive terms of a geometric sequence are
below.
…, 64, 48, 36, 27, …
What is the common ratio of this sequence?
F.
−16
G . −12
H . 0−9
J.
0 _3_
4
K . 0 _4_
3
27. Sets A, B, and C are defined below.
A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
B = { 3, 6, 9}
C = { 2, 4, 6, 8}
A number will be randomly selected from set A. What
is the probability that the selected number will be an
element of set B and an element of set C ?
A.
0
B.
_1_
9
C . _2_
9
D. _6_
9
E.
ACT-F12
_7_
9
20
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DO YO UR FIG URING HERE.
2
Use the following information to answer
questions 28–30.
number of seeds
I n a sci ence cl ass, students measured the wei ghts, i n
pounds, of 23 pumpki ns and counted the seeds i n each
pumpkin. A scatterplot of the data is shown below. To the
nearest pound, the average weight of these pumpkins was
10 pounds, and the average number of seeds per pumpkin
was 444 seeds. An equation of the regression line of best
fit is y = 15x + 294, where x is the weight, in pounds, and y
is the number of seeds.
y
800
600
400
200
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 x
weight (pounds)
28. According to the regression line of best fit, what is the
predi cted number of seeds f or a pumpki n wei ghi ng
27 pounds?
F. 309
G . 336
H . 405
J . 699
K . 714
29. When one of the pumpkins is removed from the group
of 23 pumpki ns, the average number of seeds per
pumpkin for the remaining 22 pumpkins is 10 fewer
than it was for all 23 pumpkins. How many seeds are
in the removed pumpkin?
A . 224
B. 434
C . 454
D. 516
E . 664
30. An object that weighs 1 pound on Earth has a mass of
0.45 ki l ograms. What i s the mass, to the nearest
0.1 kilogram, of a pumpkin that weighs the same as the
average weight of the 23 pumpkins?
F. 04.5
G . 10.4
H . 14.9
J . 22.2
K . 51.1
ACT-F12
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DO YO UR FIG URING HERE.
31. Let n be any even number greater than or equal to 4.
Which of the 3 expressions below must be equal to an
even number?
_n_ , 2n, √ n
•
2
2
A.
_n_ only
2
B. 2n only
C . √ n• only
D. 2n and √ n• only
E.
_n_ , 2n, and √ n
•
2
32. A vertical radio tower stands on level ground. From a
point 200 feet along level ground from the base of the
tower, the angle of elevation to the top of the tower is
50°. Which of the following values is closest to the
height, in feet, of the radio tower?
(Note: sin,50° ≈ 0.77, cos,50° ≈ 0.64, tan,50° ≈ 1.20)
F. 150
G . 170
H . 240
J . 260
K . 310
33. In the figure below, the measure of ∠ ABC is 87°, the
measure of ∠ ABE is 68°, and the measure of ∠ DBC is
52°. What is the measure of ∠ DBE ?
A
D
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
19°
29°
33°
35°
54°
E
B
C
34. Consider the number 630.6 × 10a, where a is an integer.
What is scientific notation for this number?
F.
G.
H.
J.
K.
ACT-F12
6.306 × 10a − 2
6.306 × 10a − 1
6.306 × 10a
6.306 × 10a + 1
6.306 × 10a + 2
22
G O O N TO THE NEXT PAG E.
2
DO YO UR FIG URING HERE.
2
Use the following information to answer
questions 35–37.
RunOnl i ne sel l s shoes and accessori es to members and
nonmembers of their club. Members are charged a onetime
f ee of $40 i n order to pay the member pri ce. The
nonmember and member prices of certain items are given
below.
Item
Nonmember
price
Member
price
Pair of shoes
Hat
Water bottle
Workout bag
$100
$012
$015
$027
$90
$10
$14
$20
Al l given pri ces i ncl ude tax and shi ppi ng. Last year,
RunOnl i ne had a total of 1,000 customers. Of those
customers, 25% were members.
35. Ed and Sarah both bought p pai rs of shoes f rom
RunOnline. Ed is a member and Sarah is a nonmember.
Ed’s total cost, including the onetime fee, was equal to
Sarah’s total cost. What is p ?
A . 02
B. 04
C . 05
D. 08
E . 10
36. From RunOnline, a nonmember purchased a total of
5 items: 2 hats, 2 water bottles, and 1 workout bag.
Which of the following dollar amounts is closest to the
mean cost per item purchased by this nonmember?
F. $12
G . $15
H . $16
J . $18
K . $27
37. RunOnl i ne i s currentl y sel l i ng 100 water bottl es to
members each year. I t was predi cted that f or every
$0.50 decrease in the member price, RunOnline will
sel l 10 more water bottl es to members each year.
RunOnline decides to lower the member price to $10
per water bottle. Based on the prediction and excluding
the onetime fee, what will be the total revenue from
water bottles sold to members the year following the
price reduction?
A . $1,000
B. $1,100
C . $1,400
D. $1,800
E . $2,520
ACT-F12
23
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DO YO UR FIG URING HERE.
38. Which of the following expressions is equivalent to
(2x)6(10y2) ?
F.
G.
H.
J.
K.
2
0,020x6y2
0,200x6y2
0,240x6y2
0,640x6y2
6,400x6y2
39. The vertices of n PQR are given in the standard (x,y)
coordinate plane below. What is the area, in square
coordinate units, of n PQR ?
y
P(8,10)
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
18
21
36
40
42
Q(8,4)
O
R(1,2)
x
40. Which of the following expressions is undefined?
F.
tan(0)
G . tan(π)
1 _
H . _______
1 22
sin − _π_
J.
1 _
_____
cos(0)
1 _
K . _____
sin(0)
41. Given that i i s the i magi nary uni t, whi ch of the
following numbers is equal to (4 + 3i ) 2 ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
07
25
07 + 24i
08 + 06i
25 + 24i
42. Given that f (x) = x2 − 5x + 6 and g(x) = x2 − 7x − 10,
what is g_f (−1)+?
F. −55
G . −24
H . 20
J.
21
K . 50
ACT-F12
24
G O O N TO THE NEXT PAG E.
2
DO YO UR FIG URING HERE.
43. For al l nonzero val ues of x and y, whi ch of the
9x3y2 xy2
following expressions is equal to _____ · ____4 ?
3y
2x
3
3y__
__
A.
2
3y3
B. ____
2x
9y3
C . ____
5
2
6
6x__
D. __
y
E . 6x11
44. In a 73-member choir of only altos and sopranos, there
are 19 more altos than sopranos. What is the ratio of
altos to sopranos?
F. 27:46
G . 27:73
H . 46:27
J . 46:73
K . 54:19
45. A drum contains 40 liters of a 6% potassium bromide
solution. This solution is mixed with 80 liters of pure
water to produce a new potassium bromide solution.
What percent of the new sol uti on i s potassi um
bromide?
A . 02%
B. 03%
C . 06%
D. 08%
E . 12%
46. Given that sin,θ = _2_ , which of the following values is
3
a possible value of cos,θ ?
F.
G.
H.
J.
K.
_1_
9
_1_
3
_5_
9
√ •5_
___
9
√
___•5_
3
47. A certai n rectangl e i n the standard (x,y) coordi nate
plane has a length of 7 coordinate units and a width of
5 coordinate units. The point (0,0) is in the interior of
thi s rectangl e. Two verti ces of thi s rectangl e are at
(3,2) and (3,−3). What is the x-coordinate of the other
2 vertices?
A . −4
B. −3
C . −2
D. 08
E . 10
ACT-F12
25
G O O N TO THE NEXT PAG E.
2
DO YO UR FIG URING HERE.
48. Two nonverti cal paral l el l i nes i n the standard (x,y)
coordinate plane have the equations y = m1x + b1 and
y = m2x + b2. The 2 lines are not coincident. Which of
the following assertions must be true?
I.
II.
III.
IV.
F.
G.
H.
J.
K.
2
b1 = b2
b1 ≠ b2
m1 = m2
m1 ≠ m2
I only
III only
I and III only
I and IV only
II and III only
49. The function f (x) when graphed in the standard (x,y)
coordinate plane has the features below:
I. One of its intercepts is located at (−3,0).
II. f (x) increases for all x > 3.
III. f (x) is not defined for x = −2.
One of the following is the graph of f (x). Which one?
A.
y
D.
6
3
−6 −3 O
−3
−6
B.
3 6 x
−3 −2 −1 O
y
4
E.
2
4 x
x
y
20
−4 −2 O
−10
2
4 x
−20
−4
C.
1 2
10
2
−4 −2 O
−2
y
4
3
2
1
y
8
4
−8 −4 O
−4
4 8
x
−8
ACT-F12
26
G O O N TO THE NEXT PAG E.
2
DO YO UR FIG URING HERE.
50. In n PQR shown below, r = 8 meters, p = 10 meters,
and the measure of ∠ Q is 120°. The solution of which
of the f ol l owi ng equati ons gives the l ength q i n
meters?
Q
120°
r=8
P
2
p = 10
q
R
(Note: For a tri angl e wi th si des of l ength a, b,
and c that are opposi te angl es ∠ A, ∠ B, and
∠ C, respectivel y,
2
2
sin ∠ A_
sin ∠ B_
sin ∠ C_
______
= ______
= ______
a
b
c
and
2
c = a + b − 2ab cos,∠ C.)
sin_q_ __
___
= 8_
120
10
sin
120°
8_
G . _______ = __
q
10
sin _
10°
sin 8°
__ = ____
__
H . ____
q
120
F.
J.
1202 = 82 + 102 − 2(8)(10) cos,q
K . q2 = 82 + 102 − 2(8)(10) cos,120°
51. Consider the 4 expressions below, where m and n are
distinct integers greater than 2.
m _ , _m
m _ , _____
m− 1
____
_ , ____
n−1 n n+1
n
If i t can be determi ned, whi ch of the 4 expressi ons
must have the greatest value?
m_
A . ____
n−1
B. 0 _m_
n
m_
C . ____
n+1
m− 1
D. _____
n
E . Cannot be determined from the given information
52. The original price of an item was decreased by 20%.
The 1st reduced price was decreased by 20% and then
that 2nd reduced pri ce was decreased by 50%. The
price that resulted from these 3 decreases was what
percent less than the original price?
F. 10%
G . 32%
H . 68%
J . 90%
K . 98%
ACT-F12
27
G O O N TO THE NEXT PAG E.
2
DO YO UR FIG URING HERE.
53. A particular company produces 500 computers a day.
For 20 days the number of def ective computers
produced each day was recorded, and the results were
placed in the table below.
Number of
defective
computers
Number of
days
0
1
2
3
14
04
01
01
2
Based on this data, on average over a long period of
ti me, what i s the expected number of def ective
computers produced on any given day?
A . 0.45
B. 0.75
C. 1
D. 1.5
E . 2.25
54. One of the following equations is an equation of the
circle graphed in the standard (x,y) coordinate plane
below. Which one is it?
y
F.
G.
H.
J.
K.
x2 + y2 = 1
x2 + y2 − 2x = 1
x2 + y2 − 2y = 1
x2 + y2 + 2x = 1
x2 + y2 + 2y = 1
O
x
55. Aman left his bicycle at his friend’s house last night.
Today, he decided to walk from home to his friend’s
house, visit, and then ride the bicycle back home along
the same route he wal ked. Aman wal ked at 3 mph,
vi si ted f or 1.5 hours, and then rode the bi cycl e at
8 mph. Aman arrived home 3 hours after he started
walking. Which of the following values is closest to
the number of miles Aman walked?
A . 2.3
B. 3.3
C . 4.1
D. 4.5
E . 8.3
56. Points A(8,5) and C(−4,11) lie in the___
standard (x,y)
coordi nate pl ane. Poi nt B l i es on AC such that
AB:BC = 1:2. What are the coordinates of B ?
F.
G.
H.
J.
K.
ACT-F12
(−8,13)
( 0,09)
( 2,08)
( 3,06)
( 4,07)
28
G O O N TO THE NEXT PAG E.
2
DO YO UR FIG URING HERE.
57. The ratio of a to b is 3 to 1, and the ratio of b to c is
2
2a + 3b
___ ?
6 to 1. What is the value of _____
4b + 3c
A . _1_
3
9
__
_
B.
22
C . _8_
9
D.
2
E.
24_
__
7
58. In the 3 equations below, A, B, and C are positive real
numbers. Each equati on wi l l be graphed i n the
standard (x,y) coordi nate pl ane. Whi ch of the
f ol l owi ng equati ons wi l l resul t i n l i nes that have a
negative slope?
I. Ax + By = C
II. Ax − By = C
III. −Ax − By = C
F. I only
G . II only
H . III only
J . I and II only
K . I and III only
_x_
59. The function f (x) = 5 2 has an inverse function, f −1(x),
defi ned f or al l x > 0 by whi ch of the f ol l owi ng
expressions?
2__
A . ____
log x
5
B.
1 ___
_____
(log5 x)2
C . 0 (log5 x)2
D. _1_ log5 x
2
E . 02 log5 x
60. Rectangl e P has an area of 24 square i nches.
Rectangle Q has a perimeter of 24 inches. The ratio of
the area of Rectangle P to the area of Rectangle Q is
2:3. Which of the quantities below can be determined
from just the given information?
I. The perimeter of Rectangle P
II. The area of Rectangle Q
III. The ratio of the perimeter of Rectangle P to
the perimeter of Rectangle Q
F. I only
G . II only
H . III only
J . I and II only
K . I, II, and III
END O F TES T 2
S TO P! DO NO T TURN THE PAG E UNTIL TO LD TO DO S O .
DO NO T RETURN TO THE PREVIO US TES T.
ACT-F12
29
3
3
R E A D IN G T E S T
35 Minutes—40 Q uestions
D
E
A
q
a
o
IR
a c
fte
u e
n s
fte
E C T
h p a
r re a
s tio n
w e r
n a s
IO N S :
s s a g e
d in g a
a n d
d o c u m
n e c e s
T h e re
is a c
p a s s a
fi ll in
e n t. Y
s a ry .
a re s e
c o m p a
g e , c h o
th e c o
o u m a
v e r a l p a s s a g e s in
n ie d b y s e v e r a l q u
o s e th e b e s t a n s w e
r r e s p o n d in g o v a l
y re fe r to th e p a s s
P a s s a g e I
L IT E R A R Y N A R R A T IV E : T h is p a s s a g e is a d a p te d fr o m th e
s h o r t s to r y “ J a n u s ” b y A n n B e a ttie ( © 1 9 8 5 b y T h e N e w Y o r k e r
M a g a z in e , In c .) .
5
1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
3 5
4 0
T h e b o w l w
y o u ’d s e le c t if y o
s o rt o f th in g th a t
tio n a t a c ra fts fa
p re d ic ta b ly a d m ir
p e c t h e m ig h t b e
o fte n b ro u g h t o u t
a s p e rfe c t. P e rh a p s it w a s n o t w h
u fa c e d a s h e lf o f b o w ls , a n d n o t t
w o u ld in e v ita b ly a ttra c t a lo t o f a tte
ir, y e t it h a d re a l p re s e n c e . It w a s
e d a s a m u tt w h o h a s n o re a s o n to s u
fu n n y . J u s t s u c h a d o g , in fa c t, w
(a n d in ) a lo n g w ith th e b o w l.
4 5
a t
h e
n a s
s a s
5 0
A n d re a w a s a re a l-e s ta te a g e n t, a n d w h e n s h e
th o u g h t th a t s o m e p ro s p e c tiv e b u y e rs m ig h t b e d o g lo v e rs , s h e w o u ld d ro p o ff h e r d o g a t th e s a m e tim e s h e
p la c e d th e b o w l in th e h o u s e th a t w a s u p fo r s a le . S h e
w o u ld p u t a d is h o f w a te r in th e k itc h e n fo r M o n d o ,
ta k e h is s q u e a k in g p la s tic fro g o u t o f h e r p u rs e a n d
d ro p it o n th e flo o r. H e w o u ld p o u n c e d e lig h te d ly , ju s t
a s h e d id e v e ry d a y a t h o m e , b a ttin g a ro u n d h is fa v o rite
to y . T h e b o w l u s u a lly s a t o n a c o ffe e ta b le , th o u g h
re c e n tly s h e h a d d is p la y e d it o n to p o f a p in e b la n k e t
c h e s t a n d o n a la c q u e re d ta b le . It w a s o n c e p la c e d o n a
c h e rry ta b le b e n e a th a g lo rio u s s till-life p a in tin g , w h e re
it h e ld its o w n .
w a n te
th e tr
q u ite
jo n q u
o n e o
s lig h t
v a p o r
E v e ry o n e w h o h a s
d to s e ll a h o u s e
ic k s u s e d to c o n v
s p e c ia l: a fire in
ils in a p itc h e r o n
rd in a rily h a s s p a
a ro m a o f s p rin g ,
iz in g fro m a la m p
p u rc
m u s t
in c e
th e f
th e
c e to
m a d e
b u lb .
h a s e d
b e fa
a b u y
ire p la
k itc h e
p u t f
b y a
5 5
6 0
6 5
a h o u s e o r w h o h a s
m ilia r w ith s o m e o f
e r th a t th e h o u s e is
c e in e a rly e v e n in g ;
n c o u n te r, w h e re n o
lo w e rs ; p e rh a p s th e
s in g le d ro p o f s c e n t
7 0
7 5
T h e w o n d e rfu l th in g a b o u t th e b o w l, A n d re a
th o u g h t, w a s th a t it w a s b o th s u b tle a n d n o tic e a b le — a
p a ra d o x o f a b o w l. Its g la z e w a s th e c o lo r o f c re a m a n d
s e e m e d to g lo w n o m a tte r w h a t lig h t it w a s p la c e d in .
T h e re w e re a fe w b its o f c o lo r in it— tin y g e o m e tric
fla s h e s — a n d s o m e o f th e s e w e re tin g e d w ith fle c k s o f
s ilv e r. T h e y w e re a s m y s te rio u s a s c e lls s e e n u n d e r a
m ic ro s c o p e ; it w a s d iffic u lt n o t to s tu d y th e m , b e c a u s e
th e y s h im m e re d , fla s h in g fo r a s p lit s e c o n d , a n d th e n
re s u m e d th e ir s h a p e . S o m e th in g a b o u t th e c o lo rs a n d
th e ir ra n d o m p la c e m e n t s u g g e s te d m o tio n . P e o p le w h o
lik e d c o u n try fu rn itu re a lw a y s c o m m e n te d o n th e b o w l,
A C T -F 1 2
8 0
8 5
3 0
th is
e s t
r to
o n
a g e
io
e
y
s
te s t.
n s .
a c h
o u r
a s
b u t th e n it tu rn e d o u t th a t p e o p le w h o fe lt c o m fo rta b le
w ith o p u le n c e lo v e d it ju s t a s m u c h . B u t th e b o w l w a s
n o t a t a ll o s te n ta tio u s , o r e v e n s o n o tic e a b le th a t a n y o n e
w o u ld s u s p e c t th a t it h a d b e e n p u t in p la c e d e lib e ra te ly .
T h e y m ig h t n o tic e th e h e ig h t o f th e c e ilin g o n firs t
e n te rin g a ro o m , a n d o n ly w h e n th e ir e y e m o v e d d o w n
fro m th a t, o r a w a y fro m th e re fra c tio n o f s u n lig h t o n a
p a le w a ll, w o u ld th e y s e e th e b o w l. T h e n th e y w o u ld g o
im m e d ia te ly to it a n d c o m m e n t. Y e t th e y a lw a y s fa lte re d w h e n th e y trie d to s a y s o m e th in g . P e rh a p s it w a s
b e c a u s e th e y w e re in th e h o u s e fo r a s e rio u s re a s o n , n o t
to n o tic e s o m e o b je c t.
O n c e , A n d re a g o t a c a ll fro m a w o m a n w h o h a d
n o t p u t in a n o ffe r o n a h o u s e s h e h a d s h o w n h e r. T h a t
b o w l, s h e s a id — w o u ld it b e p o s s ib le to fin d o u t w h e re
th e o w n e rs h a d b o u g h t th a t b e a u tifu l b o w l? A n d re a p re te n d e d th a t s h e d id n o t k n o w w h a t th e w o m a n w a s
re fe rrin g to . A b o w l, s o m e w h e re in th e h o u s e ? O h , o n a
ta b le u n d e r th e w in d o w . Y e s , s h e w o u ld a s k , o f c o u rs e .
S h e le t a c o u p le o f d a y s p a s s , th e n c a lle d b a c k to s a y
th a t th e b o w l h a d b e e n a p re s e n t a n d th e p e o p le d id n o t
k n o w w h e re it h a d b e e n p u rc h a s e d .
S h e w a s s u re th a t th e b o w l b ro u g h t h e r lu c k . B id s
w e re o fte n p u t in o n h o u s e s w h e re s h e h a d d is p la y e d
th e b o w l. S o m e tim e s th e o w n e rs , w h o w e re a lw a y s
a s k e d to b e a w a y o r to s te p o u ts id e w h e n th e h o u s e w a s
b e in g s h o w n , d id n ’t e v e n k n o w th a t th e b o w l h a d b e e n
in th e ir h o u s e . O n c e — s h e c o u ld n o t im a g in e h o w — s h e
le ft it b e h in d , a n d th e n s h e w a s s o a fra id th a t s o m e th in g
m ig h t h a v e h a p p e n e d to it th a t s h e ru s h e d b a c k to th e
h o u s e a n d s ig h e d w ith re lie f w h e n th e o w n e r o p e n e d
th e d o o r. T h e b o w l, A n d re a e x p la in e d — s h e h a d p u rc h a s e d a b o w l a n d s e t it o n th e c h e s t fo r s a fe k e e p in g
w h ile s h e to u re d th e h o u s e w ith th e p ro s p e c tiv e b u y e rs ,
a n d s h e . . . S h e fe lt lik e ru s h in g p a s t th e fro w n in g
w o m a n a n d s e iz in g h e r b o w l. T h e o w n e r s te p p e d a s id e .
In th e fe w s e c o n d s b e fo re A n d re a p ic k e d u p th e b o w l,
s h e re a liz e d th a t th e o w n e r m u s t h a v e ju s t s e e n th a t it
h a d b e e n p e rfe c tly p la c e d , th a t th e s u n lig h t s tru c k th e
b lu e r p a rt o f it. H e r p itc h e r h a d b e e n m o v e d to th e fa r
s id e o f th e c h e s t, a n d th e b o w l p re d o m in a te d . A ll th e
w a y h o m e , A n d re a w o n d e re d h o w s h e c o u ld h a v e le ft
th e b o w l b e h in d . It w a s lik e le a v in g a frie n d a t a n
o u tin g — ju s t w a lk in g o ff. S o m e tim e s th e re w e re s to rie s
in th e p a p e r a b o u t fa m ilie s fo rg e ttin g a c h ild s o m e w h e re a n d d riv in g to th e n e x t c ity . A n d re a h a d o n ly
g o n e a m ile d o w n th e ro a d b e fo re s h e re m e m b e re d .
G O O N T O T H E N E X T P A G E .
3
1 . T h e p o in t o f v ie w fro m w h ic h th e p a s s a g e is
b e s t d e s c rib e d a s th a t o f a :
A . firs t p e rs o n n a rra to r, p re s e n t in th e a c tio
re la te s e v e n ts a s th e y h a p p e n .
B . firs t p e rs o n n a rra to r, n o t p re s e n t in th e a c tio
re la te s e v e n ts th a t h a p p e n e d in th e p a s t.
C . th ird p e rs o n n a rra to r, p re s e n t in th e a c tio
re la te s th e th o u g h ts a n d fe e lin g s o f
c h a ra c te rs .
D . th ird p e rs o n n a rra to r, n o t p re s e n t in th e
w h o re la te s th e th o u g h ts a n d fe e lin g s o f p r
o n e c h a ra c te r.
6 . A
c
F
G
H
J
to ld is
n , w h o
n , w h o
n , w h o
m a n y
p a s s a g e m o
ris tic o f th e
o b je c t, is th e
u n iv e rs a l a p
fa m o u s d e s i
o s te n ta tio u s
c o m m e rc ia l
s t
b o
b
p e
g n
lo
a v
a c tio n ,
im a rily
8 . In
d ir
F .
G .
H .
J .
s tro n g ly s u g g e s ts th a t a u s e fu l c h a rw l, in te rm s o f A n d re a ’s p u rp o s e fo r
o w l’s :
a l.
e r.
o k .
a ila b ility .
4 . In lin e s 5 3 – 7 5 , A n
h e r b o w l a n d e x p la
c lie n t’s h o m e w ith
d e s c rib e d a s :
F . v a g u e g e n e ra liz
G . a b s o lu te tru th s .
H . h a lf-tru th s .
J . lie s .
9 . T h e
b u y
b o w
A .
d in g
in th
ts a s
e m s
p e a r
a tte r
to th e p a s s a g e ,
e b o w l’s g la z e c r
a m irro r.
to m o v e .
s c ra c k e d in th e s
s p ris m s o n th e w
d re a re s p o n d s to a n in q u iry a b o u t
in s w h y h e r b o w l w a s p la c e d in a
s ta te m e n ts th a t c a n b o th b e s t b e
a tio n s .
th e ra n d o m p la c e m e n t o f
e a te s a s u rfa c e th a t:
u n lig h t.
a lls o f a ro o m .
o in t o f th e fifth p a ra g ra p h (lin e s 5 3 – 6 2 ) is
’s
e s
’s
e s
is
a n
s
h e
b o w l s o m e tim e s a ttra c
th e h o m e fo r s a le its e lf.
b o w l d o e s n o t a c tu a lly b
to fin d its o w n e r.
o fte n a s k e d a b o u t th e b o
o ffe r o n a h o u s e .
o m e tim e s fo rg e ts in w
h a s p la c e d th e b o w l.
ts m o re in te re s t
e lo n g to h e r, b u t
w l w h e n a c lie n t
h ic h
ro o m
in
a
th e p a s s a g e , th e a d m ira tio n th e b o w l re c e iv e s is
e c tly c o m p a re d to th e a d m ira tio n re c e iv e d b y :
a m u tt.
a p la s tic fro g .
a c h e rry ta b le .
th e a ro m a o f s p rin g .
p a s s a g e s u g g e s ts th a t
e rs h a v e d iffic u lty s h a
l is th e y re a liz e th a t:
th e y a re n o t v is itin g
n o tic in g d e c o ra tiv e o b
B . th e y d o n o t w a n t to re
c ia l m e a n s to b u y th e
C . A n d re a m ig h t s ta rt ta
o f d is c u s s in g th e h o m
D . A n d re a m ig h t fin d th
th a n th e y d o .
o n e re a s o n p ro s p e c tiv e h o m e
rin g th e ir th o u g h ts a b o u t th e
th e h o m e fo
je c ts .
v e a l th a t th e
b o w l.
lk in g a b o u t
e th a t is fo r
e b o w l e v e n
r th e p u rp o s e o f
y h a v e th e fin a n th e b o w l in s te a d
s a le .
m o re in trig u in g
1 0 . W h ic h o f th e fo llo w in g s ta te m e n ts p ro v id e s th e b e s t
s u m m a ry o f th e e v e n ts p o rtra y e d in th e s e n te n c e s in
lin e s 7 7 – 8 1 ?
F . T h e h o m e o w n e r, firs t n o tic in g th e b o w l, e x p la in s
to A n d re a th a t s h e th in k s th e b o w l is e n c h a n tin g .
G . A n d re a im a g in e s th e h o m e o w n e r’s s u d d e n re a liz a tio n o f A n d re a ’s d e lib e ra te a n d p e rfe c t p la c e m e n t
o f th e b o w l.
H . T h e h o m e o w n e r te lls A n d re a th a t s h e th in k s th e
b o w l h a d b e e n p e rfe c tly p la c e d , e v e n th o u g h
A n d re a h a d m o v e d a p itc h e r.
J . A n d re a d e te rm in e s th e re a s o n th a t th e h o m e o w n e r
h a d n o t n o tic e d th e b o w l o n th e c h e s t.
5 . In th e p a s s a g e , A n d re a is c h a ra c te riz e d a s b e lie v in g
th a t c o m p a re d to m o s t tric k s u s e d b y re a l e s ta te a g e n ts
to im p re s s p o te n tia l b u y e rs , h e r tric k o f p la c in g th e
b o w l in a h o m e is :
A . m o re h u m o ro u s to p o te n tia l b u y e rs .
B . m o re o b v io u s to p o te n tia l b u y e rs .
C . le s s fa m ilia r to p o te n tia l b u y e rs .
D . le s s e n tic in g to p o te n tia l b u y e rs .
A C T -F 1 2
o r
rs
a c
s e
a p
s c
7 . O n e m a in p
th a t:
A . A n d re a
th a n d o
B . A n d re a
s h e h o p
C . A n d re a
p u ts in
D . A n d re a
h o u s e s
2 . T h e p a s s a g e a s a w h o le c a n b e s t b e d e s c rib e d a s a n
e x p lo ra tio n o f th e :
F . c a re e r o f a re a l e s ta te a g e n t a n d th e a g e n t’s ty p ic a lly m u n d a n e tra n s a c tio n s w ith c lie n ts .
G . s p e c ia l g la z e o n a b o w l a n d w h y th e g la z e m a k e s
th e b o w l b o th s u b tle a n d n o tic e a b le .
H . p e rc e iv e d p e rfe c tio n o f a n o b je c t a n d th a t o b je c t’s
e ffe c t o n p e o p le .
J . p ro b le m s th a t c a n re s u lt fro m a p e rs o n ’s u n y ie ld in g fo c u s o n o b ta in in g m a te ria l g o o d s .
3 . T h e
a c te
th e
A .
B .
C .
D .
c c
o lo
.
.
.
.
3
3 1
G O O N T O T H E N E X T P A G E .
3
3
P a s s a g e II
S O C I A L S C I E N C E : T h i s p a s s a g e i s f r o m t h e b o o k The B otany
of Desire: A P lant’s-Eye View of the World b y M i c h a e l P o l l a n .
5 5
O r ig in a lly c u ltiv a te d in th e O tto m a n E m p ir e , tu lip s w e r e in tr o d u c e d to E u r o p e a t th e e n d o f th e s ix te e n th c e n tu r y a n d
b e c a m e w ild ly p o p u la r in th e s e v e n te e n th c e n tu r y .
5
1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
3 5
4 0
4 5
5 0
6 0
O n e c ru c ia l e le m e n t o f th e b e a u ty o f th e tu lip th a t
in to x ic a te d th e D u tc h , th e T u rk s , th e F re n c h , a n d th e
E n g lis h h a s b e e n lo s t to u s . T o th e m th e tu lip w a s a
m a g ic flo w e r b e c a u s e it w a s p ro n e to s p o n ta n e o u s a n d
b rillia n t e ru p tio n s o f c o lo r. In a p la n tin g o f a h u n d re d
tu lip s , o n e o f th e m m ig h t b e s o p o s s e s s e d , o p e n in g to
re v e a l th e w h ite o r y e llo w g ro u n d o f its p e ta ls p a in te d ,
a s if b y th e fin e s t b ru s h a n d s te a d ie s t h a n d , w ith in tric a te fe a th e rs o r fla m e s o f a v iv id ly c o n tra s tin g h u e .
W h e n th is h a p p e n e d , th e tu lip w a s s a id to h a v e
“ b r o k e n ,” a n d i f a t u l i p b r o k e i n a p a r t i c u l a r l y s t r i k i n g
m a n n e r— if th e fla m e s o f th e a p p lie d c o lo r re a c h e d
c le a r to th e p e ta l’s lip , s a y , a n d its p ig m e n t w a s b rillia n t
a n d p u re a n d its p a tte rn s y m m e tric a l— th e o w n e r o f th a t
b u lb h a d w o n th e lo tte ry . F o r th e o ffs e ts o f th a t b u lb
w o u ld in h e rit its p a tte rn a n d h u e s a n d c o m m a n d a fa n ta s tic p ric e . T h e fa c t th a t b ro k e n tu lip s fo r s o m e
u n k n o w n re a s o n p ro d u c e d fe w e r a n d s m a lle r o ffs e ts
th a n o rd in a ry tu lip s d ro v e th e ir p ric e s s till h ig h e r.
S e m p e r A u g u s tu s w a s th e m o s t fa m o u s s u c h b re a k .
6 5
7 0
7 5
8 0
T h e c lo s e s t w e h a v e to a b ro k e n tu lip to d a y is th e
g ro u p k n o w n a s th e R e m b ra n d ts — s o n a m e d b e c a u s e
R e m b ra n d t p a in te d s o m e o f th e m o s t a d m ire d b re a k s o f
h is tim e . B u t th e s e la tte r-d a y tu lip s , w ith th e ir h e a v y
p a tte rn in g o f o n e o r m o re c o n tra s tin g c o lo rs , lo o k
c lu m s y b y c o m p a ris o n , a s if p a in te d in h a s te w ith a
th ic k b ru s h . T o ju d g e fro m th e p a in tin g s w e h a v e o f th e
o rig in a ls , th e p e ta ls o f b ro k e n tu lip s c o u ld b e a s fin e
a n d in tric a te a s m a rb le iz e d p a p e rs , th e e x tra v a g a n t
s w irls o f c o lo r s o m e h o w m a n a g in g to s e e m b o th b o ld
a n d d e lic a te a t o n c e . In th e m o s t s trik in g e x a m p le s —
s u c h a s th e fie ry c a rm in e th a t S e m p e r A u g u s tu s
s p la s h e d o n its p u re w h ite g ro u n d — th e o u tb re a k o f
c o lo r ju x ta p o s e d w ith th e o rd e rly , lin e a r fo rm o f th e
tu lip c o u ld b e b re a th ta k in g , w ith th e le a p in g , w a y w a rd
p a tte rn s ju s t b a re ly c o n ta in e d b y th e p e ta l’s e d g e .
8 5
B y th e 1 9 2 0 s th e D u tc h re g a rd e d th e ir tu lip s a s
c o m m o d itie s to tra d e ra th e r th a n je w e ls to d is p la y , a n d
s in c e th e v iru s w e a k e n e d th e b u lb s it in fe c te d (th e
re a s o n th e o ffs e ts o f b ro k e n tu lip s w e re s o s m a ll a n d
fe w in n u m b e r), D u tc h g ro w e rs s e t a b o u t rid d in g th e ir
fie ld s o f th e in fe c tio n . C o lo r b re a k s , w h e n th e y d id
o c c u r, w e re p ro m p tly d e s tro y e d , a n d a c e rta in p e c u lia r
m a n ife s ta tio n o f n a tu ra l b e a u ty a b ru p tly lo s t its c la im
o n h u m a n a ffe c tio n .
I c a n ’t h e lp th in k in g th a t th e v iru s w a s s u p p ly i
s o m e th in g th e tu lip n e e d e d , ju s t th e to u c h o f a b a n d
th e flo w e r’s c h illy fo rm a lity c a lle d fo r. M a y b e th a
w h y th e b ro k e n tu lip b e c a m e s u c h a tre a s u re
s e v e n te e n th -c e n tu ry H o lla n d : th e w a y w a rd c o lo r lo o s
o n a tu lip b y a g o o d b re a k p e rfe c te d th e flo w e r, e v e n
th e v iru s re s p o n s ib le s e t a b o u t d e s tro y in g it.
rp t
W O
b y
R a n
1 1 . T h e m
A . h i
s e
B . e x
s e
C . p r
th
D . e x
b e
3 2
n g
o n
t’s
in
e d
a s
O n its fa c e th e s to ry o f th e v iru s a n d th e tu lip
w o u ld s e e m to th ro w a w re n c h in to a n y e v o lu tio n a ry
u n d e rs ta n d in g o f b e a u ty .
E x c e
T H E
U s e d
g u in
A n n a P a v o rd re c o u n ts th e e x tra o rd in a ry le n g th s to
w h ic h D u tc h g ro w e rs w o u ld g o to m a k e th e ir tu lip s
b re a k , s o m e tim e s b o rro w in g th e ir te c h n iq u e s fro m
a lc h e m is ts , w h o fa c e d w h a t m u s t h a v e s e e m e d a c o m p a ra b le c h a lle n g e . O v e r th e e a rth a b o v e a b e d p la n te d
w ith w h ite tu lip s , g a rd e n e rs w o u ld lib e ra lly s p rin k le
p a in t p o w d e rs o f th e d e s ire d h u e , o n th e th e o ry th a t
ra in w a te r w o u ld w a s h th e c o lo r d o w n to th e ro o ts ,
w h e re it w o u ld b e ta k e n u p b y th e b u lb . C h a rla ta n s s o ld
re c ip e s b e lie v e d to p ro d u c e th e m a g ic c o lo r b re a k s ;
p ig e o n d ro p p in g s w e re th o u g h t to b e a n e ffe c tiv e a g e n t,
a s w a s p la s te r d u s t ta k e n fro m th e w a lls o f o ld h o u s e s .
U n lik e th e a lc h e m is ts , w h o s e a tte m p ts to c h a n g e b a s e
m e ta ls in to g o ld re lia b ly fa ile d , n o w a n d th e n th e
w o u ld -b e tu lip c h a n g e rs w o u ld b e re w a rd e d w ith a g o o d
b re a k , in s p irin g e v e ry b o d y to re d o u b le th e ir e ffo rts .
A C T -F 1 2
W h a t th e D u tc h c o u ld n o t h a v e k n o w n w a s th a t a
v iru s w a s re s p o n s ib le fo r th e m a g ic o f th e b ro k e n tu lip ,
a fa c t th a t, a s s o o n a s it w a s d is c o v e re d , d o o m e d th e
b e a u ty it h a d m a d e p o s s ib le . T h e c o lo r o f a tu lip a c tu a lly c o n s is ts o f tw o p ig m e n ts w o rk in g in c o n c e rt— a
b a s e c o lo r th a t is a lw a y s y e llo w o r w h ite a n d a s e c o n d ,
la id -o n c o lo r c a lle d a n a n th o c y a n in ; th e m ix o f th e s e
tw o h u e s d e te rm in e s th e u n ita ry c o lo r w e s e e . T h e v iru s
w o rk s b y p a rtia lly a n d irre g u la rly s u p p re s s in g th e
a n th o c y a n in , th e re b y a llo w in g a p o rtio n o f th e u n d e rly in g c o lo r to s h o w th ro u g h . It w a s n ’t u n til th e 1 9 2 0 s ,
a fte r th e in v e n tio n o f th e e le c tro n m ic ro s c o p e , th a t s c ie n tis ts d is c o v e re d th e v iru s w a s b e in g s p re a d fro m tu lip
to tu lip b y M y z u s p e r s ic a e , th e p e a c h p o ta to a p h id .
P e a c h tre e s w e re a c o m m o n fe a tu re o f s e v e n te e n th c e n tu ry g a rd e n s .
fr
R
p
d
o m
L D
e rm
o m
T H
b y
is s
H o
E
B
M ic
io n
u s e
O T A
h a e
o f R
L L C
N
l P
a n
. A
Y
O
o lla
d o m
ll r ig
F
n ,
H
h t
D E S IR E
c o p y r ig
o u s e , a
s re s e rv
:
h t
n
e d
A
P L A N T ’S - E Y E V IE W O F
© 2 0 0 1 b y M ic h a e l P o lla n .
im p r in t a n d d iv is io n o f P e n .
a in p u rp o s e o f th e p a s s a g e is to :
g h lig h t c h a n g e s in th e flo w e r in d u s
v e n te e n th c e n tu ry th ro u g h to d a y .
a m in e th e w a y c e rta in p la n ts h a v e
n te d in a rt o v e r th e c e n tu rie s .
o v id e a n o v e rv ie w o f p la n t v iru s e s
e y a ffe c t th e flo w e r m a rk e t.
p la in a p a rtic u la r flo w e r v a ria tio n a n
e n p e rc e iv e d h is to ric a lly .
try fro m
th e
b e e n re p re a n d th e w a y
d h o w it h a s
G O O N T O T H E N E X T P A G E .
3
1 2 . T h e m a in p o in t o f th e s e c o
is th a t:
F . m o d e rn R e m b ra n d t tu
m a n y o f to d a y ’s m o s t f
G . c o m p a re d to s e v e n te e
to d a y ’s m u ltic o lo re d
a p p e a lin g .
H . th e tu lip b re a k k n o w n
s trik in g e x a m p le o f
b ro k e n tu lip .
J . R e m b ra n d t w a s re s p o n
fa m o u s tu lip b re a k s o f
1 7 . It c a
g ro u
R e m
A .
n d p a ra g ra p h (lin e s 2 1 – 3 6 )
lip
a m
n th
tu
s h
o u s
-c e
lip
a v e b e e n p a in te d b y
a rtis ts .
n tu ry b ro k e n tu lip s ,
s a re le s s v is u a lly
B .
C .
a s S e m p e r A u g u s tu s w a s a
th e s e v e n te e n th -c e n tu ry
D .
s ib le fo r p a in tin g th e m o s t
h is tim e .
1 3 . It c a n re a s o n a b ly b e in fe rre d fro m th e p a s s a g e th a t
s o m e s e v e n te e n th -c e n tu ry tu lip g ro w e rs b e lie v e d tu lip
b re a k s w e re m a in ly c a u s e d b y :
A . s u p p lie rs ’ s to ra g e c o n d itio n s .
B . d is e a s e d tu lip b u lb s .
C . c e rta in g ro w in g te c h n iq u e s .
D . c e rta in w e a th e r p a tte rn s .
1 4 . T h e in
F . d e
G . e x
o c
H . a r
tu
J . in
fo rm a tio n
s c rib e th e
p la in h o w
c u rs .
g u e th a t y
lip c o lo rs .
d ic a te w h y
in lin e s 5 6 – 6 3 p rim a rily fu n c tio n s to :
ra n g e o f p o te n tia l tu lip c o lo rs .
th e c o lo r v a ria tio n in a b ro k e n tu lip
e llo w
b ro k e n tu lip s c o n ta in n o a n th o c y a n in .
o rd in g to th e p
fa c t th a t b ro k e n
s m a lle r o ffs e t
lte d in :
a d e c re a s e in th
a fe a r a m o n g
d is e a s e d .
H . a n in c re a s e in p
J . a d e s ire a m o n g
c ro p s .
A C T -F 1 2
n re a s o n a b ly b e in fe rre d fro m th e p a s s a g e th a t o n e
p o f m o d e rn m u ltic o lo re d tu lip s w a s n a m e d a fte r
b ra n d t to :
h ig h lig h t R e m b ra n d t’s s ta tu s in th e D u tc h tu lip
tra d e .
re a s s u re c o n s u m e rs a b o u t th e h e a lth o f th e m o d e rn
tu lip s .
fa v o ra b ly c o m p a re th e m o d e rn tu lip s to th e b ro k e n
tu lip s in R e m b ra n d t’s p a in tin g s .
in d ic a te th a t th e m o d e rn tu lip s a re id e n tic a l to th e
tu lip s R e m b ra n d t g re w .
th e p a s s a g e , th e a u th o
y a re re p re s e n te d in R e
p e a c h -tre e b lo s s o m s .
p a in t p o w d e rs s p rin k l
a p a in tin g h a s tily d o n
in tric a te ly m a rb le iz e d
r c o m p a re s b ro k e n tu lip s a s
m b ra n d t’s p a in tin g s to :
e d o n th e g ro u n d .
e w ith a th ic k b ru s h .
p a p e rs .
a n d w h ite a re th e o n ly n a tu ra l
1 5 . T h e s ix th p a ra g ra p h (lin e s 7
o f th e p a s s a g e in th a t it:
A . q u e s tio n s w h e th e r th e
tu lip s w a s h a rm fu l to b u
B . a rg u e s th a t g ro w e rs s h o
tu lip s d iffe re n tly .
C . c h a lle n g e s th e id e a
b e a u tifu l.
D . p re s e n ts a p e rs o n a l m e d
1 6 . A c c
th e
a n d
re s u
F .
G .
1 8 . In
th e
F .
G .
H .
J .
3
1 9 . T h e p a s s a g e a u th o r m o s t lik e
tre e s w e re a s ta p le o f s e v e n te e n
A . h ig h lig h t a c ro p fa v o re d b
c u ltiv a te tu lip s .
B . e m p h a s iz e th a t p e a c h tre e
g a rd e n s to d a y .
C . e x p la in h o w p e a c h p o ta to
v iru s .
D . c o m p a re tu lip s to a n o th e
c e n tu ry c ro p .
8 – 8 4 ) d iffe rs fro m th e re s t
v iru s th a t c a u s e d b ro k e n
lb s .
u ld h a v e d e a lt w ith b ro k e n
th a t
b ro k e n
tu lip s
w e re
ita tio n o n b ro k e n tu lip s .
ly m e n tio n s th a t p e a c h
th -c e n tu ry g a rd e n s to :
y g ro w e rs w h o d id n o t
s a re n o t a s p o p u la r in
a p h id s s p re a d th e tu lip
r p o p u la r s e v e n te e n th -
a s s a g e , in th e s e v e n te e n th c e n tu ry ,
tu lip b u lb s te n d e d to p ro d u c e fe w e r
s c o m p a re d to ty p ic a l tu lip b u lb s
2 0 . A
m
F
G
H
J
e d e m a n d fo r b ro k e n tu lip s .
g ro w e rs th a t b ro k e n tu lip s w e re
ric e s fo r b ro k e n tu lip s .
g ro w e rs to p la n t a w id e r v a rie ty o f
3 3
s it is u s e d in lin e 7 9 , th e w o rd a b a n d o n m o s t n e a rly
e a n s :
. u n in h ib ite d n e s s .
. re lin q u is h m e n t.
. re tre a t.
. d e n ia l.
G O O N T O T H E N E X T P A G E .
3
P a s s a g e III
H U M A N IT IE S : P a s s a g e A is fr o m th e b
B -B oys , B -G irls , a nd Hip -Hop C ulture
J o s e p h G . S c h lo s s . P a s s a g e B is fr o m th e b o
Ame ric a : How Hip-Hop C re a te d a C ulture
R ules of the New Ec onomy b y S t e v e S t o u t e .
P a s s a g e B b y S te v e S to u te
o o k F ound a tion:
in Ne w York b y
o k The Tanning of
Tha t R e wrote the
5 0
P a s s a g e A b y J o s e p h G . S c h lo s s
T h e t e r m b-boying r e f e r s t o b r e a k d a n c i n g .
5
1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
3 5
4 0
4 5
5 5
In th e firs t s e n s e o f th e te rm , h ip -h o p re fe rs c o lle c tiv e ly to a g ro u p o f re la te d a rt fo rm s in d iffe re n t m e d ia
(v is u a l, s o u n d , m o v e m e n t) th a t w e re p ra c tic e d in A fro C a rib b e a n , A fric a n A m e ric a n , a n d L a tin o n e ig h b o rh o o d s in N e w Y o rk C ity in th e 1 9 7 0 s . T h e te rm , w h e n
u s e d in th is s e n s e , a ls o re fe rs to th e e v e n ts a t w h ic h
th e s e fo rm s w e re p ra c tic e d , th e p e o p le w h o p ra c tic e d
th e m , th e ir s h a re d a e s th e tic s e n s ib ility , a n d c o n te m p o ra ry a c tiv itie s th a t m a in ta in th o s e tra d itio n s .
6 0
P e rh a p s th e m o s t im p o rta n t a s p e c t o f th is v a rie ty
o f h ip -h o p is th a t it is u n m e d ia te d , in th e s e n s e th a t
m o s t o f th e p ra c tic e s a s s o c ia te d w ith it a re b o th ta u g h t
a n d p e rfo rm e d in th e c o n te x t o f fa c e -to -fa c e in te ra c tio n s b e tw e e n h u m a n b e in g s . T o s o m e d e g re e , th is c o n s titu te s a n in te n tio n a l re je c tio n o f th e m a s s m e d ia b y its
p ra c titio n e rs , b u t to a g re a t e x te n t it is ju s t th e n a tu ra l
re s u lt o f th e p ra c tic e s th e m s e lv e s . A c tiv itie s lik e
b -b o y in g a n d g ra ffiti w ritin g a re s im p ly n o t w e ll s u ite d
to th e m a s s m e d ia . A lth o u g h in b o th c a s e s , b rie f
a tte m p ts w e re m a d e to b rin g th e s e fo rm s o f e x p re s s io n
in to m a in s tre a m c o n te x ts (b -b o y in g in a s e rie s o f lo w b u d g e t “ b re a k s p lo itio n ” m o v ie s in th e e a rly 1 9 8 0 s a n d
g ra ffiti a s p a rt o f a s h o rt-liv e d g a lle ry tre n d a ro u n d th e
s a m e tim e ), n e ith e r d e v e lo p e d s u b s ta n tia lly in th o s e
e n v iro n m e n ts . T h is , it h a s b e e n s u g g e s te d , w a s n o t s o
m u c h b e c a u s e th e fo rm s la c k e d a p p e a l, b u t b e c a u s e —
o n a n e c o n o m ic le v e l— b -b o y in g w a s a n a d v e rtis e m e n t
w ith n o p ro d u c t. T h is re a lity is re fle c te d in th e p h ra s e
th a t is o fte n u s e d to re fe r to th is b ra n c h o f h ip -h o p :
“ h i p - h o p c u l t u r e ,” w h i c h s u g g e s t s s o m e t h i n g t h a t i s
liv e d ra th e r th a n b o u g h t a n d s o ld .
6 5
7 0
7 5
8 0
8 5
T h e s e c o n d s e n s e o f th e te rm h ip -h o p re fe rs to a
fo rm o f p o p u la r m u s ic th a t d e v e lo p e d , o r w a s d e v e lo p e d , o u t o f h ip -h o p c u ltu re . T h is h ip -h o p , a ls o k n o w n
a s “ r a p m u s i c ,” r e s u l t e d f r o m t h e i n t e r a c t i o n b e t w e e n
h ip -h o p c u ltu re a n d th e p re e x is tin g m u s ic in d u s try . A s
w e w o u ld e x p e c t, th is h ip -h o p fe a tu re s e le m e n ts o f b o th
s e n s ib ilitie s . M y s tu d e n ts a re o fte n s u rp ris e d w h e n I
p o in t o u t th a t, e v e n w h e n h ip -h o p ly ric s s e e m to re je c t
e v e ry a s p e c t o f m a in s tre a m c u ltu re a n d m o ra lity , th e
o n e th in g th e y a lm o s t n e v e r re je c t is a s tric t 1 6 -b a r
v e rs e s tru c tu re d e riv e d fro m T in P a n A lle y p o p m u s ic .
B u t th is s h o u ld n o t b e s u rp ris in g . T h is h ip -h o p , in c o n tra s t to h ip -h o p c u ltu re , is d e e p ly in te rtw in e d w ith th e
m a s s m e d ia a n d its n e e d s , la rg e ly b e c a u s e it d o e s h a v e
a p ro d u c t: re c o rd s , C D s , M P 3 s , a n d rin g to n e s .
A C T -F 1 2
3
th
to
ra
a
It w a s n ’t u n til I w a s
a t I e v e n h e a rd th e w o
g e th e r o r w a s a b le to g ra
p p e r a c tu a lly m e a n t. T h a
re c o rd th a t c h a n g e d m y l
n in
rd s
s p
t w
ife
e y e
“ h i
th e n
a s w
(a n d
a rs o ld
p ” a n d
o tio n o
h e n , fa
p o p c u
, la te
“ h o p
f w h a
te fu lly
ltu re )
in 1 9 7 9 ,
” s tru n g
t b e in g a
, I h e a rd
fo re v e r.
L ik e it’s y e s te rd a y , I c a n s till re m e m b e r th a t
m o m e n t o v e r a t m y a u n t’s h o m e in B ro o k ly n — w h e re it
s e e m e d th e re w a s a lw a y s a p a rty u n d e r w a y w ith re la tiv e s a n d n e ig h b o rs h a n g in g o u t, a g re a t s p re a d o f fo o d ,
a n d n e w , h o t m u s ic o n th e re c o rd p la y e r. M o s t s te re o
s y s te m s in th o s e d a y s c o u ld b e a d a p te d fo r th e s in g le
tw o -s id e d re c o rd s th a t w e re s m a lle r a n d h a d th e b ig
h o le in th e m id d le (4 5 R P M ) a s w e ll a s th e b ig g e r
r e c o r d s w i t h t h e s m a l l h o l e s ( 3 3 1 ⁄3 R P M ) — w h i c h w e r e
th e fu ll a lb u m s th a t h a d s e v e ra l s o n g s o n e a c h s id e .
B u t a s th e in tro p la y s to w h a t I re c o g n iz e a s “ G o o d
T im e s ” b y th e g ro u p C h ic a n d I’m d ra w n in to th e liv in g
ro o m b e c a u s e it’s a fa m ilia r h it s o n g fro m th e p re v io u s
s u m m e r, I e n c o u n te r a re c o rd o n th e tu rn ta b le th a t
d e fie s c a te g o riz a tio n . In s te a d o f th e s w e e t fe m a le le a d
v o c a ls o f th a t d is c o s m a s h , I h e a r s o m e th in g to ta lly d iffe re n t a n d s p o t a b a b y -b lu e la b e l o n th e b la c k v in y l
re c o rd I’v e n e v e r s e e n b e fo re . E v e n th o u g h it’s a
tw e lv e -in c h d is c , th e s iz e o f a n a lb u m , a s I lis te n to th e
rh y m in g w o rd s b e in g s p o k e n — “ S in g in ’ o n ’n ’ ’n ’ o n ’n ’
o n / T h e b e a t d o n ’t s to p u n til th e b re a k o f d a w n /
S in g in ’ o n ’n ’ ’n ’ o n ’n ’ o n o n ’n ’ o n / L ik e a h o t
b u tte re d a p o p d a p o p d a p o p d ib b ie d ib b ie p o p d a p o p
p o p / Y a d o n ’t d a re s to p ” — it h its m e th a t th is e n tire
s id e is o n e lo n g s o n g .
A lm o
b e e x a c t,
p u re fu n
b re a k o f “
re m e m b e r
u n k n o w n
“ R a p p e r’s
F
is . It’
s u n g ,
e s p o u
s t fifte e n m in
fo u rte e n m in
la id o v e r th e
G o o d T im e s ”
a n d re p e a t. T
g ro u p , th e S
D e l i g h t .”
ro m th e n o
s w h a te v e r
o r w h a te v
s e d , b y th e
n ,
w
e r
h o
n o b
o rd
p h i
u s e
u te s lo n g
u te s a n d
th u m p in
w ith s in
h e re c o r
u g a rh ill
o d y e
s a re
lo s o p
p a rty
a s it tu
th irty -s
g b a s s
g -a lo n g
d , I d is c
G a n g ,
v e r h a s
s p o k e n
h ie s , s t
M a s te r
to
, c
o ri
o f
rn s o u t. O r,
ix s e c o n d s
b e a t fro m t
w o rd s e a s y
o v e r, is b y
a n d is c a ll
te ll
h a n
e s ,
C e r
m e
te d
o r
e m
to
o f
h e
to
a n
e d
w h a t ra p
, o r ta lk id e a s a re
o n ie s .
P a s s a g e A : F O U N D A T IO N : B -B O Y S , B -G IR L S , A N D H IP -H O P C U L T U R E IN N E W Y O R K b y S c h lo s s ( 2 0 0 9 ) 3 9 7 w fr o m p p .4 - 5 . B y p e r m is s io n o f O x fo r d U n iv e r s ity P r e s s , U S A .
P a s s a
S to u te
E ic h le
g u in P
3 4
g e
, f
r R
u b
B
ro
iv
lis
: “C h a p te r
m T H E T A N
a s . U s e d b y
h in g G r o u p ,
1 :
N
p
a
W a lk
IN G O
e r m is s
d iv is io
T h is W a y ”
A M E R IC
io n o f G o th
n o f P e n g u
F
, c o
A b
a m
in R
p y r ig
y S te
B o o k
a n d o
h t ©
v e S
s , a n
m H o
2 0
to u
im
u s
1 1 b y S te v e
te , w ith M im
p r in t o f P e n e L L C .
G O O N T O T H E N E X T P A G E .
3
3
2 6 . In th e c o n te x t o f P a s s a g e B , th e m a in p o in t o f th e th
p a ra g ra p h (lin e s 6 2 – 7 6 ) is th a t th e a u th o r w a s :
F . s tru c k b y th e c o m b in a tio n o f n e w a n d e s ta b lis h
m u s ic a l e le m e n ts in th e m u s ic h e w a s h e a rin g .
G . u n c o m fo rta b le w ith w h a t h e v ie w e d a s a n u n w
c o m e c h a n g e to a fa v o rite s o n g .
H . m o re in te re s te d in a n u n fa m ilia r a lb u m la b e l th
in th e n e w m u s ic th a t w a s p la y in g .
J . c o n v in c e d th a t th e n e w fo rm o f m u s ic h e w a s h e
in g w o u ld b e c o m e m o re p o p u la r th a n d is c o .
Q u e s tio n s 2 1 – 2 4 a s k a b o u t P a s s a g e A .
2 1 . A
h
m
A
B
C
D
c c
o p
a s
.
.
.
.
2 2 . B
b
F
G
a s
e i
.
.
o rd in g to P a s s a g e A , o n e re a s o n
c u ltu re s u c h a s b -b o y in g a re ra re
s m e d ia is th a t th e s e a rt fo rm s :
h a v e n e v e r b e e n b ro u g h t to th e p u
a re n o t b o u g h t a n d s o ld a s p ro d u c
d o n o t a p p e a l to y o u n g p e o p le .
d e c lin e d in p o p u la rity a fte r th e 1 9
e d o n in fo rm a tio n in
n fe rre d th a t th e te rm
s tric tly re fe rs to a fo
s tric tly re fe rs to
e x p re s s io n .
H . c a n re fe r to m o re
e x p re s s io n .
J . re fe rs to a c o m m e
p h e n o m e n o n .
2 3 . A
n
A
B
C
D
P
“ h
rm
a
a s s a g
ip -h o
o f m
c u rre
th a n
rc ia lly
e le m e n ts o f h ip ly re p re s e n te d in
b lic ’s a tte n tio n .
ts .
7 0 s .
o n e
fo rm
o f
e d o n P a s s a
a u th o r v ie w
m e m o ra b le
s ig n ific a n t
a d u lth o o d .
C . a tra n s fo rm
D . a d is a p p o in
a rtis tic
u n s u c c e s s fu l c u ltu ra l
s
e a
.
.
.
.
it is u s e d in lin e 3 8 , th e w o rd s e n s ib ilitie s m o s t
rly m e a n s :
e m o tio n s .
s e n s itiv itie s .
p e rs p e c tiv e s .
fe e lin g s o f g ra titu d e .
2 4 . B a
re l
m u
F .
m e n t b e s t c a p tu re s th e
le y p o p m u s ic a n d ra p
s e d o n P a s s a g e A , w h ic h s ta te
a tio n s h ip b e tw e e n T in P a n A l
s ic ?
R a p a rtis ts h a v e re je c te d e v
A lle y p o p .
G . R a p a rtis ts h a v e b e e n a w a re
b u t n o t in flu e n c e d b y it.
H . T in P a n A lle y p o p d e v e lo p e
ra p .
J . T in P a n A lle y p o p h a s in flu e
2 7 . B
th
A
B
e A , it c a n re a s o n a b ly
p ” :
u s ic a l e x p re s s io n .
n t fo rm o f c u ltu ra l
2 8 . C
F
G
H
J
e ry a s p e c t o f T in P a n
o f T in P a n A lle y p o p
2 9 . W
in
A
B
C
A C T -F 1 2
o n
e n
e m
a c
B
is
t
r
, it c a n re a s o n
firs t e x p o s u re
u ltim a te ly n o t
h is c h ild h o o d
a b ly
to ra
v e ry
b u t
b e in
p m u
im p o
le s s
e la n
a r-
fe rre d th a t
s ic a s :
rta n t.
s o fo r h is
a tiv e e x p e rie n c e .
tin g e x p e rie n c e .
o m p a re
. e a rly
. a tte m
. th e m
. th e a
d to
h ip
p ts
a s s
u th o
P a s s a g e
-h o p ’s in
to m o v e
m e d ia .
r’s p e rs o
A , P a s s a g e B fo c u s e s m o re o n :
te ra c tio n w ith th e m a rk e tp la c e .
h ip -h o p a rt in to g a lle rie s .
n a l e x p e rie n c e .
h ic h o f th e fo llo w in g
c lu d e d in P a s s a g e A ?
. A s to ry in v o lv in g a
. A d is c u s s io n o f th e
. A m e n tio n o f th e N
te x t o f h ip -h o p
D . A n a c k n o w le d g m e n
m u s ic a l fo rm s
d a t th e s a m e tim e a s
n c e d m a n y ra p a rtis ts .
e le m e n ts o f P a s s a g e B
g ’s in tro
g th o f th e s o n g
a le v o c a ls
t th a t th e s o n g w a s o n a v in y l re c o rd
3 5
is n o t
p a rtic u la r ra p s o n g
e a rly d a y s o f h ip -h o p
e w Y o rk C ity a re a in th e c o n t o f ra p ’s in te ra c tio n w ith o th e r
3 0 . T h e a u th o rs o f b o th p a s s a g e s
w ith th e id e a th a t e a rly ra p m u
F . re p re s e n te d a rtis ts ’ re je c ti
a n d its p ra c tic e s .
G . re p re s e n te d a s ig n ific a n t d
p o p u la r c u ltu re .
H . w a s m o re p o p u la r th a n to d
J . w a s s lo w to fin d a n a u d ie n
o f th e fo llo w in g d e ta ils d o e s th e a u th o r o f P a s h ig h lig h t a s o n e th a t c a u s e d “ R a p p e r’s D e lig h t”
d o u t a s d iffe re n t c o m p a re d to o th e r s o n g s h e
e s
e l
e f
e f
g e
s h
b u
fo
e d
Q u e s tio n s 2 8 – 3 0 a s k a b o u t b o th p a s s a g e s .
Q u e s tio n s 2 5 – 2 7 a s k a b o u t P a s s a g e B .
2 5 . W h ic h
s a g e B
to s ta n
k n e w ?
A . T h
B . T h
C . T h
D . T h
a s
e
.
.
ird
w o u ld m o s t lik e ly a g re e
s ic :
o n o f th e m u s ic in d u s try
e v e lo p m e n t in A m e ric a n
a y ’s ra p m u s ic .
c e .
G O O N T O T H E N E X T P A G E .
3
3
P a s s a g e IV
5 5
N A T U R A L S C IE N C E : T h is p a s s a g e is fr o m th e
R is e a n d F a ll o f th e L iv in g F o s s il” b y F e r r is J a b r .
a r tic le
T h e te r m “ liv in g fo s s il” r e fe r s to c r e a tu r e s th a t h a d
lo n g a g o a n d s e e m e d to h a v e s to p p e d e v o lv in g .
5
1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
3 5
4 0
4 5
5 0
“T h e
e m e rg e d
6 0
L ik e a ll liv in g fo s s ils , c ro c o d ile s w e re th o u g h t to
h a v e e m e rg e d in th e d is ta n t p a s t a n d th e n s ta y e d la rg e ly
u n c h a n g e d . T h e s ta n d a rd th e o ry h e ld th a t th e c ro c o d ilia n s p e c ie s w e k n o w to d a y o rig in a te d in A fric a d u rin g
th e C re ta c e o u s (1 4 5 to 6 6 m illio n y e a rs a g o ), w h e n th e
s e v e n c o n tin e n ts w e re m u c h c lo s e r to g e th e r. A s th e
c o n tin e n ts d rifte d a p a rt, th e c ro c o d ilia n s w e n t w ith
th e m , e x p la in in g h o w th e y e n d e d u p in a b a n d o f tro p ic s
e n c irc lin g th e g lo b e . If th a t w e re tru e , th e n m o d e rn
c ro c o d ilia n s p e c ie s s h o u ld b e v e ry d iffe re n t fro m o n e
a n o th e r a t th e le v e l o f g e n e s a n d m o le c u le s , b e c a u s e
th e re w o u ld h a v e b e e n m o re th a n e n o u g h tim e fo r s u b s ta n tia l m u ta tio n s to a c c u m u la te . B y th e 1 9 9 0 s , h o w e v e r, m o le c u la r a n a ly s is re v e a le d th a t im m u n e s y s te m
m o le c u le s c o n s e rv e d a c ro s s liv in g c ro c o d ilia n s p e c ie s
w e re re m a rk a b ly s im ila r in s tru c tu re a n d b e h a v io r.
6 5
7 0
7 5
In trig u e d b y th is p u z z le , a p o s t-d o c to ra l re s e a rc h
fe llo w a t th e U n iv e rs ity o f W a s h in g to n n a m e d J a m ie
O a k s b e g a n c o lle c tin g D N A s a m p le s fro m a ll 2 3 liv in g
c ro c o d ilia n s p e c ie s , c o m p a rin g s e c tio n s o f th e g e n o m e
w h e re m u ta tio n s w e re m o s t lik e ly to h a v e a p p e a re d .
A lth o u g h th e fo s s il re c o rd h a d c o n firm e d th a t a n c ie n t
c ro c o d ilia n s w e re m o re d iv e rs e th a n p re v io u s ly re a liz e d , it a ls o d e m o n s tra te d th a t, o n th e w h o le , c ro c o d ilia n s w e re n o t p a rtic u la rly s w ift e v o lv e rs c o m p a re d to
m a m m a ls a n d o th e r v e rte b ra te s . E v e n a c c o u n tin g fo r
th is s lo w e r-th a n -a v e ra g e e v o lu tio n , O a k s d id n o t fin d
n e a rly a s m a n y d iffe re n c e s b e tw e e n th e m o d e rn c ro c o d ilia n g e n o m e s a s o n e w o u ld e x p e c t h a d th o s e s p e c ie s
d iv e rg e d a ll th e w a y b a c k in th e C re ta c e o u s . H e c o n c lu d e d th a t m o d e rn c ro c o d ilia n s p e c ie s s p lit fro m th e ir
la s t c o m m o n a n c e s to r b e tw e e n 8 a n d 1 3 m illio n y e a rs
a g o , n o t lo n g b e fo re a n c ie n t h o m in in s s p lit fro m th e ir
la s t c o m m o n a n c e s to r w ith c h im p a n z e e s . T h e liv in g
fo s s il th e o ry o f c ro c o d ile s h a d o v e re s tim a te d th e ir e v o lu tio n a ry a g e b y a b o u t a fa c to r o f 1 0 .
8 0
8 5
A C T -F 1 2
U n b e k n o w n s t to h im , h
tis ts w a s p re p a rin g to
a rly 2 0 0 0 s , o n a n e x c u
e rv a tio n is t M ic h a e l K
little c ro c o d ile s in a d
o w e v e r,
c o rro b o
rs io n to
le m e n s
e s e rt o a
a s e
ra te
C h a
e n c o
s is .
p a ra te
h is re
d , th e
u n te r
T h e y
D N A a n a ly s is o f 1 2 3 A fric a n c ro c o d ile s — a s w e ll
a s 5 7 s e p a ra te s a m p le s fro m m u s e u m s p e c im e n s ,
in c lu d in g c ro c o d ile s m u m m ifie d in a n c ie n t E g y p t—
c o n firm e d h e r s u s p ic io n . In a fe w s e c tio n s o f th e ir
re s p e c tiv e g e n o m e s , a ll th e m ild -m a n n e re d c ro c s w o u ld
h a v e o n e D N A s e q u e n c e , a n d a ll th e ty p ic a l N ile c ro c s
a n o th e r. T h e y e v e n h a d d iffe re n t n u m b e rs o f c h ro m o s o m e s . “ T h a t m a d e u s v e ry c o n fid e n t th a t th e re w e re
a c tu a lly tw o d iffe re n t p o p u la tio n s a n d th e y w e re n o t
m i x i n g t h e i r D N A ,” H e k k a l a s a y s . T h e t w o d i f f e r e n t
s p e c ie s h a d d iv e rg e d b e tw e e n 3 a n d 6 m illio n y e a rs
a g o : C ro c o d y lu s n ilo tic u s in th e E a s t a n d th e s m a lle r,
le s s a g g re s s iv e C r o c o d y lu s s u c h u s in th e W e s t. T h e v a s t
m a jo rity o f m u m m ifie d c ro c o d ile s w e re C . s u c h u s , s u g g e s tin g th a t a n c ie n t E g y p tia n s h a d re c o g n iz e d th e
d iffe re n c e .
T o
h e lp e d
s p a c e a
th e c a te
g e th e r
re d ra w
n d tim
g o ry o
, H
th e
e , a
f liv
e k k a
m a p
n d c
in g f
la , O
o f h
o n c lu
o s s ils
a k s , a n d o th e r s c ie n tis ts
o w c ro c o d ilia n s e v o lv e d in
s iv e ly re m o v e d th e m fro m
.
F e r r is J a b r , s c ie n c e w r ite r . O r ig in a lly p u b lis h e d in N a u tilu s .
O a k s a ls o n o tic e d s o m e th in g o d d a b o u t th e D N A
s a m p le s h e h a d a c q u ire d fro m th e ic o n ic N ile c ro c o d ile s (C ro c o d y lu s n ilo tic u s ): th e y d id n o t m a tc h u p w ith
e a c h o th e r. In fa c t, th e v a ria tio n b e tw e e n th e m w a s
g re a t e n o u g h to s u g g e s t th a t h e w a s lo o k in g a t tw o d is tin c t s p e c ie s . If s o , th e n n o t o n ly w e re m o d e rn c ro c o d ile s m u c h to o y o u n g to b e liv in g fo s s ils , b u t th e y h a d
a ls o c o n tin u e d to s p e c ia te a fte r d iv e rg in g fro m th e ir
b a s a l a n c e s to r— s o m e th in g liv in g fo s s ils a re n o t s u p p o s e d to d o . O n its o w n , O a k s ’ s tu d y w a s in trig u in g ,
b u t n o t e n o u g h to c o n v in c e th e la rg e r s c ie n tific c o m m u n ity to c le a v e th e N ile c ro c o d ile in to tw o s p e c ie s .
s c ie n
th e e
c o n s
o d d
d o c ile th a t h e a n d h is c o m p a n io n s c o u ld s w im b e s id e
th e m w ith o u t c o n c e rn . H e to o k a tis s u e s a m p le fro m
o n e th a t h a d re c e n tly p e ris h e d a n d s e n t it to th e A m e ric a n M u s e u m o f N a tu ra l H is to ry in N e w Y o rk C ity ,
w h e re E v o n H e k k a la , a n a s s is ta n t p ro fe s s o r a t F o rd h a m
U n iv e rs ity s tu d y in g c ro c o d ilia n d iv e rs ity , s e q u e n c e d its
g e n o m e . W h e n s h e c o m p a re d th e d o c ile c ro c ’s D N A to
o th e r N ile c ro c o d ile s , s h e n o tic e d s o m e ra th e r s trik in g
d iffe re n c e s . S h e fo u n d s im ila r re p o rts o f ta m e c ro c o d ile s in M a u rita n ia , a n d s h e re m e m b e re d o n c e re a d in g a
d e s c rip tio n b y th e G re e k h is to ria n H e ro d o tu s o f a n c ie n t
E g y p tia n s u s in g m e llo w c ro c o d ile s in te m p le ritu a ls .
C o u ld th e s e ta m e c ro c s b e a n e n tire ly d is tin c t s p e c ie s ?
3 1 . In th
c ro c
liv in
A .
B .
C .
te a m o f
s u lts . In
w ild life
e d s o m e
w e re s o
D .
3 6
e c o n te x t o f th e p a s s a g e , h o w d o e s th e a n a ly s is o f
o d ilia n im m u n e s y s te m m o le c u le s re la te to th e
g fo s s il th e o ry o f c ro c o d ilia n e v o lu tio n ?
T h e a n a ly s is c o n firm s th e liv in g fo s s il th e o ry .
T h e a n a ly s is s u g g e s ts th e liv in g fo s s il th e o ry is
a c c u ra te .
T h e a n a ly s is s u p p o rts th e liv in g fo s s il th e o ry in
s o m e w a y s a n d d o e s n o t s u p p o rt th e th e o ry in
o th e r w a y s .
T h e a n a ly s is d o e s n o t s u p p o rt th e liv in g fo s s il
th e o ry .
G O O N T O T H E N E X T P A G E .
3
3 2 . W h ic h o f th e fo llo w in g s ta te m e n ts b e s t s u m m a riz e s
O a k s ’s a n a ly s is o f N ile c ro c o d ile s ’ D N A a s it is p re s e n te d in th e th ird p a ra g ra p h (lin e s 3 7 – 4 8 )?
F . It s u g g e s te d th a t N ile c ro c o d ile s a re o ld e r th a n
w h a t w a s p re v io u s ly b e lie v e d , w h ic h d o e s n o t s u p p o rt th e liv in g fo s s il th e o ry o f c ro c o d ile s .
G . It s u g g e s te d th a t d iffe re n t s p e c ie s o f c ro c o d ile s d o
n o t s h a re a b a s a l a n c e s to r, w h ic h th e s c ie n tific
c o m m u n ity h a s c o n firm e d .
H . It s u g g e s te d th a t th e a n a ly s is w a s h a s tily d o n e ,
w h ic h p ro m p te d th e s c ie n tific c o m m u n ity to
ig n o re it.
J . It s u g g e s te d th a t th e D N A c a m e fro m tw o s p e c ie s ,
w h ic h d id n o t s u p p o rt th e liv in g fo s s il th e o ry o f
c ro c o d ile s .
3 6 . In th e c o n te x t o f th e p a s s a
lin e s 5 3 – 5 5 m a in ly s e rv e s to :
F . in d ic a te th a t K le m e n s
b e lie v e d th a t th e c ro c o d ile s
G . e s ta b lis h th e ta m e n e s s o f
d e s e rt o a s is .
H . s u g g e s t th a t K le m e n s a n d
p e c te d th e y w e re s w im m
n ilo tic u s .
J . in d ic a te th a t th e c ro c o d ile s
n o t y e t fu lly m a tu re d .
3 7 . A c c
s a m
th e n
A .
B .
C .
D .
3 3 . T h e m a in p u rp o s e o f th e fifth p a ra g ra p h (lin e s 6 7 – 8 2 )
is to :
A . d e s c rib e th e D N A a n a ly s is th a t c o n firm e d C ro c o d y lu s n ilo tic u s a n d C ro c o d y lu s s u c h u s w e re tw o
d is tin c t s p e c ie s .
B . p ro v id e in fo rm a tio n o n th e m u m m ific a tio n o f
c ro c o d ile s th a t w a s p e rtin e n t to H e k k a la ’s
a n a ly s is .
C . e x p la in h o w H e k k a la re v o lu tio n iz e d D N A a n a ly s is
b y c o m p a rin g th e D N A o f 1 2 3 d iffe re n t A fric a n
c ro c o d ile s .
D . in tro d u c e th e b e h a v io ra l d iffe re n c e s b e tw e e n
C ro c o d y lu s n ilo tic u s a n d C ro c o d y lu s s u c h u s .
3 4 . A
m
F
G
H
J
s it is u s e d in lin e 3 , th e w o rd s ta n d a rd m o s t n e a rly
e a n s :
. a c c e p te d .
. m o d e ra te .
. n o rm a l.
. re g u la te d .
c c o rd
ro c o d
. 1 a
. 3 a
. 8 a
. 6 6
4 0 . B a s e
(lin e
F . l
o
G . l
o
H . f
t
J . f
h
3 5 . A c c o rd in g to th e p a s s a g e , m o le c u la r a n a ly s is re v e a le d
th a t im m u n e s y s te m m o le c u le s fro m liv in g c ro c o d ilia n
s p e c ie s w e re s im ila r in :
A . s tru c tu re a n d b e h a v io r.
B . c o lo r a n d s iz e .
C . d e n s ity a n d a g e .
D . s h a p e a n d w e ig h t.
in g
y lu s
n d 2
n d 6
n d 1
a n d
to
s u
m
m
th e p a s s
c h u s d iv e
illio n y e a
illio n y e a
3 m illio n y e
1 4 5 m illio n
a g e ,
rg e d
rs a g
rs a g
a rs a
y e a r
s ta te m e n t in
a n d h is c o m p a n io n s
w e re d is e a s e d .
th e c ro c o d ile s in th e
o rd in g to th e p a s s a g e , a fte r
p le o f a p e ris h e d c ro c o d ile
:
e s tim a te d th e c ro c o d ile ’s a g e
s tu d ie d th e c ro c o d ile ’s im m u
s e q u e n c e d th e c ro c o d ile ’s g e
id e n tifie d m u ta tio n s in th e
s tru c tu re .
3 8 . In th e c o n te x t o f th e p a s s a g
lu s n ilo tic u s a n d C ro c o d y
n u m b e rs o f c h ro m o s o m e s
c la im th a t th e tw o s p e c ie s :
F . d iv e rg e d d u rin g th e C re
G . h a d s im ila r d ie ts .
H . d id n o t e v o lv e fro m th e
J . w e re n o t m ix in g th e ir D
3 9 . A
C
A
B
C
D
g e , th e
3
h is c o m p a n io n s s u s in g w ith C ro c o d y lu s
in th e d e s e rt o a s is h a d
K le m e n s s e n t a tis s u e
to H e k k a la , H e k k a la
.
n e s y s te m .
n o m e .
c ro c o d ile ’s m o le c u la r
e , th e d e ta il th a t C ro c o d y lu s s u c h u s h a v e d iffe re n t
p ro v id e s s u p p o rt fo r th e
ta c e o u s .
s a m e a n c e s to r.
N A .
C ro c o d y lu s n ilo tic u s a n d
b e tw e e n :
o .
o .
g o .
s a g o .
d o n th e p a s s a g e , th e p h ra s e “ re d ra w th e
8 4 ) is m o s t lik e ly m e a n t to b e re a d :
ite ra lly ; s c ie n tis ts n o lo n g e r b e lie v e d c ro c
rig in a te d in A fric a .
ite ra lly ; s c ie n tis ts n o lo n g e r b e lie v e d c ro c
n c e liv e d in a b a n d o f tro p ic s .
ig u ra tiv e ly ; s c ie n tis ts a m e n d e d th e n a rra t
h e n a tu ra l h is to ry o f c ro c o d ile s .
ig u ra tiv e ly ; s c ie n tis ts b e lie v e th e ir fin d in g
a v e b ro a d e r im p lic a tio n s o n a rc h a e o lo g y .
m a p ”
o d ile s
o d ile s
iv e o f
s w ill
E N D O F T E S T 3
S T O P ! D O N O T T U R N T H E P A G E U N T IL T O L D T O D O S O .
D O N O T R E T U R N T O A P R E V IO U S T E S T .
A C T -F 1 2
3 7
4
4
S C IE N C E T E S T
3 5 M in u te s — 4 0 Q u e s tio n s
D IR E
E a c h
re a d
q u e s
a n s w
o fte n
C T
p a
in g
tio n
e r
a s
IO N S :
s s a g e
a p a s
a n d
d o c u m
n e c e s
T h e re a re s e v e ra l
is fo llo w e d b y s e
s a g e , c h o o s e th e
fi ll in th e c o r r e s p
e n t. Y o u m a y re fe
s a ry .
p a s
v e ra
b e s
o n d
r to
s a g e
l q u
t a n
in g
th e
s in th is
e s tio n s .
s w e r to
o v a l o n
p a s s a g e
te s
A fte
e a c
y o u
s a
t.
r
h
r
s
Y o u a r e N O T p e r m itte d to u s e a c a lc u la to r o n th is te s t.
P a s s a g e I
A z e ro -a g e
wh ich th e h y d ro
p ro cess o f fu s io
h eav ier n u clei).
ity (to tal p o wer
temp eratu re, an d
m a in s e q u e n c e (ZAMS) star is a star in
g en n u clei in its co re h av e ju st b eg u n th e
n (th e co mb in in g o f lig h t n u clei to fo rm
Th e tab le b elo w sh o ws th e mass, lu m in o s o u tp u t), rad iu s, su rface temp eratu re, co re
co re d en sity o f each o f 8 ZAMS stars.
Mass
( M su n * )
3 0
1 5
0 9
0 5
0 3
0 1
0 1
0 0
0 ,
0 ,
0 ,
0 ,
0 ,
.5
.0
.5
Lu min o sity
( L su n * )
1 4
0 2
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 ,0
1 ,0
4 ,5
0 ,6
0 ,0
0 ,0
0 ,0
0 ,0
* So lar u n its:
1 M su n is th e
1 L su n is th e
1 R su n is th e
†
k elv in s
‡
g rams p er cu
0 0 0 ,
0 0 0 ,
0 0 0 ,
0 0 0 ,
0 0 0 ,
0 5 .4 0 0
0 0 .7 4 0
0 0 .0 3 8
6 .6
4 .7
3 .5
2 .2
1 .7
1 .2
0 .8
0 .4
Su rface
temp eratu re
(× 1 0 3 K†)
Co re
temp eratu re
(× 1 0 6 K†)
Co re
d en sity
(g /cm3‡)
4 4 0 ,
3 2 0 ,
2 6 0 ,
2 0 0 ,
1 4 0 ,
0 8 .1
0 5 .8
0 3 .9
3 6 0 ,
3 4 0 ,
3 1 0 ,
2 7 0 ,
2 4 0 ,
1 9 0 ,
1 4 0 ,
0 9 .1
0 3 .0
0 6 .2
0 7 .9
2 6 0 ,
4 2 0 ,
9 5 0 ,
8 9 0 ,
7 8 0 ,
0
0
0
0
7
0
0
4
p resen t-d ay mass o f th e Su n .
p resen t-d ay lu min o sity o f th e Su n .
p resen t-d ay rad iu s o f th e Su n .
b ic cen timeter
T a b le a d a p te d fr o m
A C T -F 1 2
0 0
0 0
0 0
3 0
9 3
Rad iu s
( R su n * )
H . K a r tu n n e n e t a l., F u n d a m e n ta l A s tr o n o m y . © 1 9 9 4 b y S p r in g e r - V e r la g .
3 8
G O O N T O T H E N E X T P A G E .
4
1 . Th e rate at wh ich a ZAMS star fu ses h y d ro g en in to
h eliu m is d irectly p ro p o rtio n al to th e co re temp eratu re
o f th at star. Based o n th e tab le, is th e rate o f fu sio n
m o r e lik e ly g r e a te r f o r a 3 M su n Z A M S s ta r o r f o r a
9 M su n Z A M S s ta r ?
A . A 3 M su n s ta r, b e c a u s e th e c o r e te m p e r a tu r e o f a
3 M su n s ta r is h ig h e r th a n th a t o f a 9 M su n s ta r.
B . A 3 M su n s ta r, b e c a u s e th e c o r e te m p e r a tu r e o f a
3 M su n s ta r is lo w e r th a n th a t o f a 9 M su n s ta r.
C . A 9 M su n s ta r, b e c a u s e th e c o r e te m p e r a tu r e o f a
9 M su n s ta r is h ig h e r th a n th a t o f a 3 M su n s ta r.
D . A 9 M su n s ta r, b e c a u s e th e c o r e te m p e r a tu r e o f a
9 M su n s ta r is lo w e r th a n th a t o f a 3 M su n s ta r.
4 . Based o n t
tu re d iffe r
ZAMS star
F . 1 7 ,0 0 0
G . 3 6 ,0 0 0
H . 5 2 ,0 0 0
J . 5 5 ,0 0 0
5 . A c c o
Z A M
2 5 ,0 0
A . 0
B . 0
C . 0
D . 1
2 . A c c o r d in g to th e ta b le , a s m a s s in c r e a s e s f r o m 3 M su n
to 3 0 M su n , d o e s r a d iu s in c r e a s e o r d e c r e a s e , a n d d o e s
co re d en sity in crease o r d ecrease?
rad iu s
co re d en sity
F . in crease
in crease
G . in crease
d ecrease
H . d ecrease
in crease
J . d ecrease
d ecrease
A C T -F 1 2
h e tab le, wh at is th e ap p ro x imate temp erae n c e b e tw e e n th e s u r f a c e o f th e 3 0 M su n
a n d th e s u r f a c e o f th e 1 .5 M su n Z A M S s ta r ?
K
K
K
K
rd in g to th e ta b le , w h a t is th e m a s s o f th e
S s ta r th a t h a s a c o re te m p e ra tu re c lo s e s t to
0 ,0 0 0 K ?
3 M su n
5 M su n
9 M su n
5 M su n
6 . Based o n th e
(1 m3) o f ma
star?
(No te: 1 m3 =
F . 6 .2 × 1 0 3
G . 9 .5 × 1 0 4
H . 6 .2 × 1 0 6
J . 9 .5 × 1 0 7
3 . An astro n o mer o b serv es a ZAMS star with a su rface
te m p e r a tu r e o f 2 7 ,0 0 0 K . B a s e d o n th e ta b le , th is s ta r ’s
lu min o sity is mo st lik ely clo sest to wh ich o f th e fo llo win g v alu es?
A . 0 0 ,1 0 0 L su n
B . 0 0 ,7 0 0 L su n
C . 0 5 ,0 0 0 L su n
D . 2 0 ,0 0 0 L su n
3 9
4
tab le, wh at is th e mass o f 1 cu b ic meter
te r ia l in th e c o r e o f th e 1 .5 M su n Z A M S
1
×
1 0
6
cm3)
g
g
g
g
G O O N T O T H E N E X T P A G E .
4
4
P a s s a g e II
So rg h u m, rap o k o , an d millet are 3 cro p s g ro wn in a
p articu lar reg io n . Tab le 1 sh o ws, fo r each o f 1 4 g ro wth seas o n s (S e a s o n s 1 − 1 4 ), th e y ie ld o f e a c h c ro p , in m e tric
to n s (MT).
Tab le 1
Yield (MT) fo r:
Seaso n
0 1
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 6
0 7
0 8
0 9
1 0
1 1
1 2
1 3
1 4
Th e reg
seaso n . Fig u
fa ll d e v ia tio
th e av erag e)
.
so rg h u m
1 ,8
1 ,0
1 ,9
0 ,8
1 ,2
0 ,4
0 ,5
1 ,4
0 ,9
2 ,2
1 ,4
2 ,1
3 ,6
0 ,8
3 6
2 5
0 4
7 9
1 8
7 5
1 8
5 6
2 6
5 0
0 3
8 6
7 4
4 2
rap o k o
millet
2 ,6
1 ,0
2 ,5
5 ,1
1 ,9
2 ,1
3 ,3
3 ,5
1 ,9
4 ,6
1 ,5
3 ,1
3 ,9
1 ,9
0 ,7 3
0 ,1 0
0 ,6 9
0 0 ,9
1 ,0 3
1 ,7 4
0 ,1 7
0 ,3 8
0 ,3 0
0 ,2 7
0 ,7 4
0 ,6 4
0 ,1 6
0 ,3 6
0 4
3 3
8 9
9 0
4 2
3 5
4 0
8 3
9 5
9 4
5 8
0 8
3 7
0 3
1
2
8
0
0
3
9
4
7
6
6
0
3
0
io n re c e iv e s a n a v e ra g e ra in fa ll o f 6 0 0 m m p e r
re 1 sh o ws, fo r each o f Seaso n s 1 − 1 4 , th e r a in n (a m o u n t o f ra in fa ll re c e iv e d a b o v e o r b e lo w
ra in fa ll d e v ia tio n (m m )
6 0 0
4 0 0
2 0 0
a b o v e a v e ra g e ra in fa ll
b e lo w a v e ra g e ra in fa ll
−2 0 0
−4 0 0
−6 0 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4
9
S e a so n
Fig u re 1
T a b le a n d fig u r e a d a p te d fr o m F a r a i M a lv e r n S im b a e t a l., “ C lim a te C h a n g e S c e n a r io s , P e r c e p tio n s a n d C r o p P r o d u c tio n : A
P r o v in c e in Z im b a b w e .” © 2 0 1 2 b y S im b a F M , e t a l.
A C T -F 1 2
4 0
C a s e S tu d y o f S e m i- A r id M a s v in g o
G O O N T O T H E N E X T P A G E .
4
7 . Fo r
rece
seas
A .
B .
C .
D .
wh ich
iv e d c
o n ?
Seaso n
Seaso n
Seaso n
Seaso n
1 0 . Th
clo
F .
G .
H .
J .
g ro wth seaso n was th e amo u n t o f rain fall
lo s es t to th e reg io n ’s av erag e rain fall p er
5
6
8
1 4
8 . Seaso n 9 an d Seaso n 1 1 h ad th e same amo u n t o f rain fall, b u t Seaso n 9 h ad mo re d r y s p e lls (3 0 d ay s o r mo re
with n o rain ) th an d id Seaso n 1 1 . Based o n Tab le 1 ,
d id th e g reater n u mb er o f d ry sp ells in Seaso n 9 mo re
lik e ly h a v e a p o s itiv e e ffe c t o r a n e g a tiv e e ffe c t o n th e
y ield o f so rg h u m?
F . P o s itiv e ; fo r s o rg h u m , th e y ie ld fo r S e a s o n 9 w a s
g reater th an th e y ield fo r Seaso n 1 1 .
G . P o s itiv e ; fo r s o rg h u m , th e y ie ld fo r S e a s o n 1 1 w a s
g reater th an th e y ield fo r Seaso n 9 .
H . N e g a tiv e ; fo r s o rg h u m , th e y ie ld fo r S e a s o n 9 w a s
g reater th an th e y ield fo r Seaso n 1 1 .
J . N eg a tiv e ; fo r s o rg h u m , th e y ie ld fo r S e a s o n 1 1
was g reater th an th e y ield fo r Seaso n 9 .
9 . Based o n Fig u re 1 an
with th e least amo u n
millet h ad th e larg er
th at cro p ?
A . R a p o k o ; 1 ,0 3 3 M
B . R a p o k o ; 1 ,9 0 3 M
C . Millet; 1 0 2 MT
D . Millet; 6 4 0 MT
A C T -F 1 2
e rain f
sest to
0 0 0 ,0
0 0 0 ,2
0 0 ,2 2
2 ,2 5 0
4
all d ev iatio n in c e n tim e te r s fo r Seaso n 1 was
wh ich o f th e fo llo win g v alu es?
.2 2 5 c m
.2 5 c m
.5 c m
cm
1 1 . Do es Fig u re 1 sh o w th e v ariatio n in an
a b io tic facto r in th e reg io n ?
A . Ab io tic; th e cro p s g ro wn in a reg
facto r in an eco sy stem.
B . A b io tic ; th e a m o u n t o f ra in fa ll
facto r in an eco sy stem.
C . Bio tic; th e cro p s g ro wn in a reg
facto r in an eco sy stem.
D . Bio tic; th e amo u n t o f rain fall is a
in an eco sy stem.
1 2 . Su p p o se a w e t s e a
th ere is at least 9 0
av erag e rain fall an
th e g ro w th s e a s o
seaso n s?
F . 0
G . 1
H . 6
J . 8
d Tab le 1 , fo r th e g ro wth seaso n
t o f rain fall, wh ich o f rap o k o o r
y ield , an d wh at was th e y ield fo r
T
T
4 1
s o n
0 m
d th
n s ,
is an y g
m o f rain
e d ata in
if a n y ,
ab io tic facto r o r
io n a re a liv in g
is a n o n liv in g
io n a re a liv in g
n o n liv in g fa c to r
ro wth seas
fa ll. G iv e n
Fig u re 1 , h
wo u ld h av
o n
th e
o w
e b
in wh ich
reg io n ’s
man y o f
e e n w e t
G O O N T O T H E N E X T P A G E .
4
4
P a s s a g e III
Two
Dru g M in
b o d ies o f
an d th e sw
S tu d y 1
E a c h
2 0 mL o f
a d d e d to
p laced in
Th e d ish e
d
p
s
h o w th e c o n c e n tra tio n o f
ccu mu latio n o f Dru g M in th e
r ia n (a fresh water flatwo rm)
o se p lan arian s.
o f 2 4
a 0 .0 5
th e d is
th e d ish
s were t
d is h e s wa s
mg /L aq u e
h . N ex t, a
. Fin ally , th
h e n d iv id e d
p re p a re d
o u s so lu ti
s in g le 0 .0
e d ish was
eq u ally in
E a c h g ro u p wa s in c u b a te d a t
erio d o f time. At th e en d o f a g ro u p
-micro g ram (μ g ) tissu e samp le wa
lan arian in th e g ro u p . Th e av erag e
B ML , m ic ro g ra m s o f D ru g M p e r
etermin ed fo r each g ro u p .
a s
o n o
4 g
co v
to 4
fo llo w s : F
f Dru g M
p la n a ria n
ered with a
g ro u p s.
E a c h g ro u p wa s in c u b a te
p erio d o f time. At th e en d o f a
each d is h in th e g ro u p was p l
g rap h p ap er. Th e to tal n u mb er o
p lan arian d u rin g a 4 min o b serv
T h e av e ra g e s w im m in g s p e e d
cro ssed p er min u te) was th en d e
irs t,
was
wa s
lid .
d a t 2 5 ° C fo r a d iffe re n t
g ro u p ’s in cu b atio n p erio d ,
aced o n to p o f a p iece o f
f g rid lin es cro ssed b y each
atio n p erio d was reco rd ed .
(th e n u m b e r o f g rid lin e s
termin ed fo r each g ro u p .
T h e s e p r o c e d u r e s w e r e r e p e a te d f o r a 0 .2 0 m g /L a n d
f o r a 1 .8 0 m g /L a q u e o u s s o lu tio n o f D r u g M ( s e e F ig u r e 2 ) .
2 0 ° C fo r a d iffe re n t
’s in cu b atio n p erio d , a
s co llected fro m each
b io lo g ic D r u g M le v e l
g ra m o f tis s u e ) wa s
Key
D ru g M
c o n c e n tra tio n
0 .0 5 m g /L
0 .2 0 m g /L
1 .8 0 m g /L
T h e s e p r o c e d u r e s w e r e r e p e a te d f o r a 0 .2 0 m g /L a n d
f o r a 0 .5 0 m g /L a q u e o u s s o lu tio n o f D r u g M ( s e e F ig u r e 1 ) .
Key
D ru g M
c o n c e n tra tio n
0 .0 5 m g /L
0 .2 0 m g /L
0 .5 0 m g /L
2 2
2 0
a v e ra g e s w im m in g s p e e d
(g rid lin e s /m in )
(
ex a m in e d
affects th e a
ies o f p la n a
g sp eed o f th
5 2
4 8
4 4
a v e ra g e B M L (μ g /g )
p
1
s tu d ie
water
a sp ec
immin
S tu d y 2
Tw e lv e d is h e s w e re p re p a re d u s in g th e 0 .0 5 m g /L
a q u e o u s s o lu tio n o f D ru g M, a s in S tu d y 1 , a n d w e re
d iv id e d e q u a lly in to 4 g ro u p s .
4 0
3 6
3 2
2 8
2 4
1 8
1 6
1 4
1 2
1 0
8
6
4
0
2
2 0
1 6
1 2
1
3 0
6 0
4 8 0
in c u b a tio n tim e (m in )
Fig u re 2
8
4
0
2 4
4 8
7 2
9 6
in c u b a tio n tim e (h r)
F ig u r e s a d a p te d fr o m M ic h e lle P lu s q u in , e t a l., “ P h y s io lo g ic a l a n d M o le c u la r
C h a r a c te r iz a tio n o f C a d m iu m S tr e s s in S c h m id te a m e d ite r r a n e a .” © 2 0 1 2 b y
U B C P re s s .
Fig u re 1
A C T -F 1 2
4 2
G O O N T O T H E N E X T P A G E .
4
1 3 . Based o n Fig u re 1 , if an in c
b e e n te s te d in S tu d y 1 , th
p lan arian s in cu b ated in th e
tio n o f Dru g M wo u ld mo st l
A . less th an 6 μ g /g .
B . b etween 6 μ g /g an d 1 1 μ
C . b etween 1 1 μ g /g an d 2 1
D . g reater th an 2 1 μ g /g .
1 4 . A stu
Dru g
th e p l
man y
sisten
F . 0
G . 1
H . 3
J . 4
d en t h y p o th esized
M in th e so lu tio n s
an arian s wo u ld in c
o f th e in cu b atio n t
t with th is h y p o th e
1 5 . S u p p o s e th a t fo r
d irectly p ro p o rtio n
lar p ro tein in th e b
S tu d y 2 , fo r th e
Dru g M, wh ich o f
mo st lik ely resu lt i
o f th is p ro tein in th
A . 0 0 1 min
B . 0 3 0 min
C . 0 6 0 min
D . 4 8 0 min
A C T -F 1 2
u b ati
e av
0 .2 0
ik ely
o n tim
e ra g e
mg /L
h av e b
4
1 6 . Wh ic h o f th e fo llo w in g s ta te m e n ts a b o u t th e e ffe c t
o f a D ru g M c o n c e n tra tio n o f e ith e r 0 .0 5 m g /L o r
1 .8 0 m g /L o n av e ra g e s w im m in g s p e e d is c o n s is te n t
w ith th e re s u lts o f S tu d y 2 ? A s in c u b a tio n tim e
in creased fro m 1 min th ro u g h 4 8 0 min , fo r th e p lan arian s in a so lu tio n h av in g a Dru g M co n cen tratio n o f:
F . 0 .0 5 m g /L , th e a v e r a g e s w im m in g s p e e d in c r e a s e d
o n ly .
G . 0 .0 5 m g /L , th e a v e r a g e s w im m in g s p e e d d e c r e a s e d
o n ly .
H . 1 .8 0 m g /L , th e a v e r a g e s w im m in g s p e e d in c r e a s e d
an d th en d ecreased .
J . 1 .8 0 m g /L , th e a v e r a g e s w im m in g s p e e d d e c r e a s e d
an d th en in creased .
e o f 6 0 h r h ad
B ML fo r th e
aq u eo u s so lu een :
g /g .
μ g /g .
th at, as th e
in creased , th e
rease o n ly . Th
imes tested in
sis?
co n ce
av era
e resu
Stu d y
n tr
g e
lts
1
atio n
BML
fo r h o
are co
o f
o f
w
n -
1 7 . Wh ic h
d esig n
A . A
St
B . A
in
C . M
to
D . In
1 8 . In
tio
F .
G .
H .
J .
p
al
o d
0
th
la n a ria n s , s w im m in g s p e e d is
to th e co n cen tratio n o f a p articu y tissu es. Based o n th e resu lts o f
.2 0 m g /L a q u e o u s s o lu tio n o f
e in cu b atio n times tested wo u ld
n th e g reatest av erag e co n cen tratio n
e b o d y tissu es o f th e p lan arian s?
wh ich o f Stu d
n temp eratu re
Stu d y 1 o n ly
Stu d y 2 o n ly
Bo th Stu d y 1
Neith er Stu d
1 9 . C o n s
o rg an
h av e
n
A .
B .
C .
D .
4 3
o f th e fo llo w in g s ta te m e n ts c o m p a rin g th e
s o f th e 2 stu d ies is accu rate?
g reater n u mb er o f in cu b atio n times was tested in
u d y 2 th an in Stu d y 1 .
D r u g M c o n c e n tr a tio n o f 1 .8 0 m g /L w a s te s te d
b o th stu d ies.
o re time was req u ired to co mp lete Stu d y 1 th an
co mp lete Stu d y 2 .
b o th stu d ies, th ere were 6 p lan arian s p er g ro u p .
ies 1 an d 2 , if eith er, was th e in cu b av aried fro m g ro u p to g ro u p ?
an d Stu d y 2
y 1 n o r Stu d y 2
id e r th e s a m p le s
isms in Stu d y 1 .
n u clei, an d d o th es
rib o so me
u clei
y es
y es
y es
n o
n o
y es
n o
n o
th a t w e re c o lle c te d fro m th e
Do th e cells in th ese samp les
e cells h av e rib o so mes?
s
G O O N T O T H E N E X T P A G E .
4
4
P a s s a g e IV
A C ro
fro m wh ich
4 metal v an
v a n e is p a
d iag ram.
o k e ’s
mo st
es mo
in te d
r a
o f
u n
b l
d io m e te r (
th e air h as
ted o n a sp
a c k , a n d t
CR)
b een
in d le
h e o
is a s
remo
. Th e
th e r i
ealed
v ed , t
same
s s ilv
S tu d e n t 3
Th e fo rces ex erted b y p h o to n s are to o weak to cau se
ro tatio n o f th e v an es, ev en wh en mo st o f th e air h as b een
remo v ed . In stead , p h o to n s ab so rb ed b y th e b lack sid e o f a
v an e cau se th at sid e to h eat u p , warmin g th e air mo lecu les
in c o n ta c t with it. Air mo le c u le s mo v e fro m th e c o o le r
s ilv e r s id e to th e wa rm e r b la c k s id e . T h is p ro d u c e s a
g reater air p ressu re o n th e b lack sid e an d , th u s, cau ses th e
v an es to ro tate clo ck wise. Th e b rig h ter th e lig h t in wh ich
th e CR is p laced , th e g reater th e temp eratu re d ifferen ce
b e tw e e n th e 2 s id e s o f a v a n e a n d th e fa s te r th e v a n e s
ro tate.
g lass b u lb ,
h at co n tain s
sid e o f each
e r. S e e th e
c lo c k w is e
ro ta tio n
s p in d le
v a n e s
g la s s
b u lb
S tu d e n t 4
S tu d e
mo v e fro m
p ro d u cin g
cau ses th e
n t 3
th e
a g r
v an e
is c o rre c t ex
warmer b lack
eater air p res
s to ro tate co u
2 0 . Based
th e fo
sh ip b
sp eed
o n th
llo win
etwee
o f th e
e ex p lan
g p lo ts
n th e b r
CR v an
c e p t
sid e
su re
n terc
th a t th
to th e c
o n th e
lo ck wis
e a ir m o le c u le s
o o ler silv er sid e,
silv er sid e. Th is
e.
c o u n te rc lo c k w is e
ro ta tio n
d iag ram
o tate.
p ro v
e d ire
u ld ro
Fo r th e
id ed an
ctio n —
tate.
S tu d e n t 1
P h o to n s (p articles o f lig h t) ex ert a g reater fo rce wh en
th ey a re a b s o rb e d b y a m a te ria l th a n w h e n th ey a re
reflected b y a material. Th is fo rce is weak er th an air resistan ce, so it can cau se ro tatio n o n ly wh en en o u g h o f th e air
h as b een remo v ed fro m th e b u lb . Ph o to n s are ab so rb ed o n ly
b y th e b lack sid e o f each v an e, ex ertin g a stro n g er fo rce o n
th at sid e th at cau ses th e v an es to ro tate clo ck wise. Th e
b rig h ter th e lig h t in wh ich th e CR is p laced , th e mo re p h o to n s a re a b s o rb e d b y th e b la c k s id e s a n d th e fa s te r th e
v an es ro tate.
S tu d e n t 2
Stu d en t
fo rce wh en t
are ab so rb ed
th e silv er sid
v an es to ro ta
A C T -F 1 2
1 is co rrect ex cep t th at p h
h ey are reflected b y a mat
b y a material. Ph o to n s a
e o f each v an e, ex ertin g a
te co u n terclo ck wise.
o
e
r
f
F .
a tio n g iv e n b y S tu d e n t 1 , w h ic h o f
b est sh o ws th e p red icted relatio n ig h tn ess o f lig h t an d th e ro tatio n al
es?
H .
ro ta tio n a l s p e e d
e v an es r
en ts each
d icted th
v an es wo
b rig h tn e s s o f lig h t
G .
to n s ex ert a g reater
rial th an wh en th ey
e reflected o n ly b y
o rce th at cau ses th e
J .
b rig h tn e s s o f lig h t
4 4
b rig h tn e s s o f lig h t
ro ta tio n a l s p e e d
lig h t, th
o u r stu d
an d p re
se—th e
ro ta tio n a l s p e e d
a CR is p laced in
in th e d iag ram, f
n fo r th e ro tatio n
o r co u n terclo ck wi
ro ta tio n a l s p e e d
Wh en
CR sh o wn
ex p lan atio
clo ck wise
b rig h tn e s s o f lig h t
G O O N T O T H E N E X T P A G E .
4
2 1 . Reg
CR
stat
th e
A .
B .
C .
D .
ard less o f wh ich stu d en t mig h t b e
to fu n ctio n as d escrib ed , wh ich o
emen ts ab o u t th e g lass th at co mp o
CR mu st b e accu rate? Th e g lass mu
p rev en t lig h t fro m en terin g .
allo w lig h t to en ter.
p rev en t h eat fro m en terin g .
allo w h eat to en ter.
co r
f th
ses
st b
4
2 4 . Su p p o se th at th e silv er sid es o f th e v an es in th e CR
sh o wn in th e d iag ram h ad b een p ain ted wh ite in stead .
Fu rth er su p p o se th at wh en p laced in lig h t th e v an es o f
th is CR still ro tated . Wo u ld th is fin d in g b e co n sisten t
w ith th e e x p la n a tio n g iv e n b y S tu d e n t 3 ?
F . Ye s ; th e b la c k s id e o f e a c h v a n e w a s lik e ly w a rm e r
th an th e wh ite sid e, so th e v an es sh o u ld still h av e
ro tated .
G . Ye s ; th e b la c k s id e o f e a c h v a n e w a s lik e ly c o o le r
th an th e wh ite sid e, so th e v an es sh o u ld still h av e
ro tated .
H . No ; th e b lack sid e o f each v an e was lik ely warmer
th an th e wh ite sid e, so th e v an es sh o u ld n o t h av e
ro tated .
J . No ; th e b lack sid e o f each v an e was lik ely co o ler
th an th e wh ite sid e, so th e v an es sh o u ld n o t h av e
ro tated .
rect, fo r th e
e fo llo win g
th e b u lb o f
e ab le to :
2 2 . In th e p ro cess o f th e r m a l tr a n s p ir a tio n , g as
mo v e fro m a co o ler area to a warmer area.
tra n s p ira tio n m o re lik e ly o c c u rrin g in th
d escrib ed b y Stu d en t 3 o r in th e p ro cess d e
Stu d en t 4 ?
F . Stu d en t 3 ; th at stu d en t p red icted th at air
wo u ld m o v e fro m th e c o o le r s ilv e r s
warmer b lack sid e.
G . Stu d en t 3 ; th at stu d en t p red icted th at air
wo u ld m o v e fro m th e c o o le r b la c k s
warmer silv er sid e.
H . Stu d en t 4 ; th at stu d en t p red icted th at air
wo u ld m o v e fro m th e c o o le r s ilv e r s
warmer b lack sid e.
J . Stu d en t 4 ; th at stu d en t p red icted th at air
wo u ld m o v e fro m th e c o o le r b la c k s
warmer silv er sid e.
mo lecu les
Is th ermal
e p ro c e s s
scrib ed b y
mo lecu les
id e to th e
mo lecu les
id e to th e
2 5 . Su p p o se th
it ex erts tw
a s u rfa c e .
ex p lan atio n
d en t 2 ?
A . Stu d en
ex erted
B . Stu d en
ex erted
C . Stu d en
ex erted
D . Stu d en
ex erted
mo lecu les
id e to th e
mo lecu les
id e to th e
2 3 . Su p p o se th e set o f v an es in th e CR sh o wn in th e d iag ram h as a mass o f m . Fu rth er su p p o se th e stu d en ts
o b tain a CR th at is id en tical to th e o n e sh o wn in th e
d iag ram ex cep t th at th e set o f v an es h as a mass o f 1 0 m .
If b o th CRs are p laced in th e same lig h t, wh ich set o f
v an es is mo re lik ely to ro tate faster? Th e set with a
mass o f:
A . m ; th e set with less mass wo u ld b e easier to ro tate.
B . m ; th e set with less mass wo u ld b e mo re d ifficu lt
to ro tate.
C . 1 0 m ; th e set with mo re mass wo u ld b e easier to
ro tate.
D . 1 0 m ; th e set with mo re mass wo u ld b e mo re d ifficu lt to ro tate.
A C T -F 1 2
at, wh
ice as
T h is
g iv e n
en a p h
mu ch f
in fo rm
b y wh
o to n
o rce
a tio
ich
t 1
o
t 1
o
t 2
o
t 2
o
a
e
a
e
a
e
a
e
n t sta
sid es
n t sta
sid es
n t sta
sid es
n t sta
sid es
; th
n th
; th
n th
; th
n th
; th
n th
t stu d e
b lack
t stu d e
silv er
t stu d e
b lack
t stu d e
silv er
2 6 . Co n sid er th e stateme
a CR is p laced , th e
v a n e s .” T h i s s t a t e m e
tio n s g iv e n b y w h ic h
F . Stu d en ts 1 an d 2
G . Stu d en ts 3 an d 4
H . Stu d en ts 1 , 3 , an
J . Stu d en ts 1 , 2 , 3 ,
4 5
n t “Th e
g reater
n t is co
stu d en t
o n ly
o n ly
d 4 o n ly
an d 4
is ref
as wh
n is c
stu d en
te
o
te
o
te
o
te
o
d th
f th
d th
f th
d th
f th
d th
f th
lected b y
en it is a
o n s is te n
t: Stu d en
a su rface,
b so rb ed b y
t w ith th e
t 1 o r Stu -
at
e v
at
e v
at
e v
at
e v
ter fo rce is
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
g rea
n es.
g rea
n es.
g rea
n es.
g rea
n es.
ter fo rce is
ter fo rce is
ter fo rce is
b rig h ter th e lig h t in wh ich
th e k in etic en erg y o f its
n sisten t with th e ex p lan as?
G O O N T O T H E N E X T P A G E .
4
t
P a s s a g e V
h
d
(
Th e amo u n
emp eratu re o f
e a t (C p) o f th
e te rm in e d th e
Cu ), lead (Pb ),
t o f h e
1 g o f
e s u b s
C p o f
an timo
at, in jo u les
a su b stan ce
ta n c e . In a n
5 m e ta ls : a
n y (Sb ), an d
(J), n eed ed
b y 1 °C is
ex p e rim e
lu m in u m (
tin (Sn ).
to
th e
n t,
A l)
Fo r each metal, th e
th e av erag e Δ T m an
an av erag e C p v alu
ato mic n u mb er, th e
accep ted C p v alu e.
raise th e
s p e c ific
s tu d e n ts
, c o p p e r
1 . A 5 0 .0 m L v o lu m e o f H 2O w a s p la c e d in a b e a k e r, a n d
th e n th e b e a k e r wa s p la c e d in a n ic e wa te r b a th fo r
5 min .
2 . W h ile th e H 2O w a s c o o lin g , a f r e s h 1 0 0 .0 g s a m p le o f
ro o m-te mp e ra tu re p e lle ts o f th e me ta l wa s me a s u re d
o u t.
b eak er
tu re p r
in serte
stirred
4 . Th e meta
b eak er wh
H2O an d
temp eratu
ev e r y 0 .5
wa
o b e
d in
fo r
5 . Th e reco rd ed
th e mo men t th
th e temp eratu r
sp o n d in g temp
A C T -F 1 2
fro m Step
n ten ts o f th
re stirred
co n tin u ed
temp eratu
e metal s
e ch an g e
eratu re ch
2
e b
fo r
rec
was
eak e
1 2 0
o rd in
res were u
amp le was
o f th e H2O
an g e o f th e
th
r
s
g
en
we
m
th
sed to
ad d ed
( Δ T w)
metal
a
re
o r
e
d d ed to
stirred .
e wh ile
temp era
calcu la
to th e b
an d th e
samp le
th
Th
th
tu r
Metal
Ato mic
n u mb er
Al
Cu
Pb
Sb
Sn
1 3
2 9
8 2
5 1
5 0
p
1 3
8 8
1 9
0 5
1 7
d
g
e
e
( J /g ·° C )
Av erag e
ex p erimen tal
0 .9
0 .3
0 .1
0 .2
0 .2
an
tin
th
th
Accep ted
0 .9
0 .3
0 .1
0 .2
0 .2
0 4
8 4
2 7
0 7
1 7
T a b le a d a p te d fr o m R o g e r B a r th a n d M ic h a e l J . M o r a n , “ Im p r o v e d M e th o d
fo r D e te r m in in g th e H e a t C a p a c ity o f M e ta ls .” © 2 0 1 4 b y A m e r ic a n C h e m ic a l
S o c ie ty a n d D iv is io n o f C h e m ic a l E d u c a tio n , In c .
s remo v ed fro m th e ice water b ath . A temth a t r e c o r d e d th e te m p e r a tu r e ev e r y 0 .5 s
to th e b eak er. Th en th e H2O in th e b eak er
1 0 0 s.
l samp le
ile th e co
metal we
re p ro b e
s.
stu d en ts calcu lated th e av erag e Δ T w
d th en u sed th o se v alu es in calcu la
e. Th e tab le lists, fo r each metal,
av erag e ex p erimen tal C p v alu e, an d
C
E x p e r im e n t
Th e stu d en ts p erfo rmed 5 trials fo r each o f th e metals.
In each trial, th e stu d en ts p erfo rmed th e fo llo win g step s:
3 . Th e
p era
was
was
4
e
e
e
e
2 7 . Wh at is
with th e
g reatest
A . Sb ,
B . Sb ,
C . Pb ,
D . Pb ,
te, fo r
eak er,
co rre( Δ T m) .
4 6
th e
sm
acc
Pb ,
Sn ,
Sb ,
Sn ,
o rd er o f Pb , Sb , an d Sn fro m th e su b stan ce
allest accep ted C p to th e su b stan ce with th e
ep ted C p ?
Sn
Pb
Sn
Sb
G O O N T O T H E N E X T P A G E .
4
4
2 8 . Ho
an
F .
G .
H .
J .
w man y p ro to n s are in an ato m o f th e metal th at h ad
a v e r a g e e x p e r im e n ta l C p o f 0 .2 1 7 J /g ·° C ?
0 1 3
0 2 5
0 5 0
1 0 0
3 1 . F
n
A
B
C
D
2 9 . Wh
g re
ex p
A .
B .
C .
D .
ich o f th e metals tested in th e ex p erimen t h ad th e
a te s t a b s o lu te d iffe re n c e b e tw e e n th e av e ra g e
erimen tal C p an d th e accep ted C p ?
Al
Sb
Cu
Pb
3 2 . Ba s e d o n th e re s u lts o f th e ex p e rime n t, th e p erce n t
erro r fo r th e sp ecific h eat o f Cu is b est calcu lated u sin g
wh ich o f th e fo llo win g ex p ressio n s?
3 0 . Based o
in fo rma
Δ T w v al
with Al
F . A l;
h av
tem
G . Al;
h av
tem
H . P b ;
h av
tem
J . Pb ;
h av
tem
A C T -F 1 2
o r th e 5 meta
u mb er in crea
. in creased
. d ecreased
. in creased
. d ecreased
F .
n th e resu lts o f th e ex p erimen t an d ad d itio n al
tio n fro m th e p assag e, d id th e g reatest av erag e
u e mo re lik ely resu lt fro m th e trials p erfo rmed
o r fro m th e trials p erfo rmed with Pb ?
th e m e ta l w ith th e g re a te s t C p v a lu e wo u ld
e released th e mo st h eat, th ereb y cau sin g th e
p eratu re o f th e water to ch an g e th e mo st.
th e me ta l with th e s ma lle s t C p v a lu e wo u ld
e released th e mo st h eat, th ereb y cau sin g th e
p eratu re o f th e water to ch an g e th e mo st.
th e m e ta l w ith th e g re a te s t C p v a lu e wo u ld
e released th e mo st h eat, th ereb y cau sin g th e
p eratu re o f th e water to ch an g e th e mo st.
th e me ta l with th e s ma lle s t C p v a lu e wo u ld
e released th e mo st h eat, th ereb y cau sin g th e
p eratu re o f th e water to ch an g e th e mo st.
G .
H .
J .
3 3 . B
to
w
A
B
C
D
4 7
_⎪ _0 _. 3 _ 8 _ 8 _ _−
0 .3
_⎪ _0 _. 3 _ 8 _ 8 _ _−
0 .3
_ _
⎪ 0
_ _
⎪ 0
_ _
.3
_ _
.3
_ 0 _ . 3_
8 8 −
_ 0 _ . 3_
8 8 −
ls tested in
sed , th e av e
o n ly .
o n ly .
an d th en d e
an d th en in
th e ex p erimen t, as th e ato mic
rag e ex p erimen tal C p:
creased .
creased .
_ 0 _ . _ 3 _ 8 _ 4 _ ⎪_ × 1 0 0 %
8 4
_ 0 _ . _ 3 _ 8 _ 4 _ ⎪_ × 1 0 0 %
8 8
8_ 4_
0
8_ 8_
0
_
.3
_
.3
_ _
8 4
_ _
8 4
__ × 1 0 0 %
⎪
__ × 1 0 0 %
⎪
as
ta
er
.
ed o n th e ex p erimen tal p ro ced u res, in each trial, a
l o f ap p ro x imately h o w man y temp eratu re v alu es
e reco rd ed ?
1 2 0
. 2 2 0
. 2 4 0
. 4 4 0
G O O N T O T H E N E X T P A G E .
4
P a s s a g e V I
6 .0
Wa te r th a t h a s a p H le s s th a n 5 .5 a f te r it h a s f lo w e d
th ro u g h a co al min e is classified as a c id m in e d r a in a g e
(A MD ). A MD is p ro d u c e d w h e n g ro u n d wa te r flo w in g
th ro u g h th e min e in teracts with iro n d isu lfid e (FeS2) in th e
ro ck s. Wh en FeS2 d isso lv es in water, su lfate io n s (SO42− )
are fo rmed . Th ese io n s co n trib u te to th e lo w p H o f AMD.
5 .5
5 .0
a v e ra g e p H
C o a l c o m b u s tio n p ro d u c ts (CCPs), su ch as th e ash left
after co al is b u rn ed , can b e mix ed with water to p ro d u ce
C C P g ro u t (a su b stan ce similar to p laster). After a co al
min e is ab an d o n ed , th e CCP g ro u t can b e in jected in to th e
min e, wh ere it h ard en s, co atin g all th e ex p o sed su rfaces
an d p rev en tin g th e g ro u n d water fro m co min g in to co n tact
with th e ro ck s. A 5 -y ear stu d y was d o n e to ex amin e th e
e ffe c ts o f in je c tin g C C P g ro u t in to a n a b a n d o n e d c o a l
min e.
4
C C P g ro u t
in je c tio n
4 .5
4 .0
3 .5
99
,1 1 1
ry u ly
J n
ua
aJ n
Ja
5
5
6
99 99
,1 1,1 1,
ry u ly
J nu
ua
Ja
96 97
19 ,19 ,
1
1
a ry J u ly u
n
Ja
97 98
19 ,19 ,
1
1
a ry J u ly u
n
Ja
98 99
19 ,19 ,
1
1
a ry J u ly u
n
Ja
99 00
19 ,20
1
a ry
Fig u re 2
S tu d y
th
T
li
T
On Jan u ary
e lo catio n wh e
h e samp les we
ter, mg /L), an d
h e av erag ed res
1 , 1 9 9
re th e
re an a
th e p
u lts ar
5 , 3 water
g ro u n d wa
ly zed fo r
H o f each
e sh o wn in
samp les were co
ter first en tered
SO42− (in millig
samp le was d e
Tab le 1 .
llected
th e min
rams p
termin e
F ig u r e s a d a p te d fr o m R o b in L e e , L e o n a r d R a fa lk o , a n d J o s e p h G ia c in to ,
“ 1 0 - Y e a r U p d a te o n th e W in d in g R id g e P r o je c t.” © 2 0 0 8 b y th e M a r y la n d
D e p a rtm e n t o f N a tu ra l R e s o u rc e s .
at
e.
er
d .
Tab le 1
av erag e SO
(mg /L)
4
2 −
2 2 .6
av erag e
p H
3 4 . Ac
o f
wa
F .
co rd in g to th e resu lts o f th e stu
CCP g ro u t red u ce th e SO42− co
ter flo win g o u t o f th e min e?
Ye s ; S O 42− c o n te n t w a s m u c h
1 9 9 6 , th an it was o n Ju ly 1 , 1 9
G . Ye s ; S O 42− c o n te n t w a s m u c h
1 9 9 7 , th an it was o n Ju ly 1 , 1 9
H . No ; SO42− co n ten t was mu ch
1 9 9 6 , th an it was o n Ju ly 1 , 1 9
J . No ; SO42− co n ten t was mu ch
1 9 9 7 , th an it was o n Ju ly 1 , 1 9
6 .1
On Jan u ary 1 , 1 9 9 5 , an d ev ery 6 mo n th s after th a
3 water samp les were co llected at th e lo catio n wh ere th
g ro u n d water flo wed o u t o f th e min e. On Au g u st 1 , 1 9 9 6 ,
v o lu me o f CCP g ro u t su fficien t to co v er all ex p o sed ro c
s u rfa c e s wa s in je c te d in to th e m in e . T h e av e ra g
SO42− co n ten t an d p H o f th e g ro u n d water samp les o v er th
5 -y e a r p e rio d a re s h o w n in F ig u re s 1 a n d 2 , re s p e c tiv e ly .
t,
e
a
k
e
e
(m g /L )
1 ,1 7 5
3 5 . H
w
A
B
C
D
1 ,1 5 0
1 ,1 2 5
a v e ra g e S O
4
2 −
1 ,1 0 0
1 ,0 7 5
1 ,0 5 0
C C P g ro u t
in je c tio n
1 ,0 0 0
1
1,
ra y u
J
nu
Ja
5
99
1,
ly
nu
Ja
95 96
19 ,19 ,
1
1
a ry J u ly u
n
Ja
96 97
19 ,19 ,
1
1
a ry J u ly u
n
Ja
97 98
19 ,19 ,
1
1
a ry J u ly u
n
Ja
98 99
19 ,19 ,
1
1
a ry J u ly u
n
Ja
99 00
19 ,20
1
a ry
F .
G .
H .
J .
Fig u re 1
A C T -F 1 2
4 8
lo we
9 5 .
lo we
9 6 .
h ig h e
9 5 .
h ig h e
9 6 .
r o n Jan u ary 1 ,
r o n Jan u ary 1 ,
r o n Jan u ary 1 ,
r o n Jan u ary 1 ,
o w man y mo n th s after th e in jectio n o f th e CCP g ro u t
as th e n ex t set o f water samp les co llected ?
. 2
. 3
. 4
. 5
3 6 . Co n
th at
an d
o f F
u ct,
1 ,0 2 5
d y , d id th e in jectio n
n ten t o f th e g ro u n d -
sid er th e d escrip tio n
fo rms io n s fo u n d in
SO42− wo u ld b e co n s
eS2, H2O, an d SO42−
in th is in teractio n ?
reactan t(s)
p
F
F
S
S
eS2
eS2 an d H2O
O42−
O42− an d H2O
S
S
F
F
o f th
AMD
id ered
wo u ld
e ch emical in teractio n
. Wh ich o f FeS2, H2O,
a reactan t, an d wh ich
b e co n sid ered a p ro d -
ro d u ct(s)
O42− an d H2O
O42−
eS2 an d H2O
eS2
G O O N T O T H E N E X T P A G E .
4
3 7 . Wh
th e
in d
A .
ich o f th e fo llo win g statemen ts b est su
in te n d e d ro le o f C C P g ro u t in th e c o
u stry ?
To d ecrease th e in teractio n s b etween g r
an d ro ck ex p o sed b y min in g
B . To in crease th e in teractio n s b etween g r
an d ro ck ex p o sed b y min in g
C . To p rev en t an y g ro u n d water fro m en terin
D . To p rev en t an y g ro u n d water fro m ex itin g
3 9 . If th e CCP g
1 9 9 7 , in s te a
g ro u n d water
wo u ld mo st
fo llo win g ?
A . 4 .0
B . 4 .5
C . 5 .0
D . 5 .5
mmarizes
a l-m in in g
o u n d water
o u n d water
g a min e
a min e
ro u t in
d o f o
flo win
lik ely
jectio
n A u
g o u t
h av e
n h
g u s
o f
b ee
ad o ccu rred
t 1 , 1 9 9 6 , t
th e min e o n
n clo sest to
o n Au
h e p H
Ju ly 1
wh ich
4
g u s
o f
, 1 9
o f
t 1
th
9 7
th
e
e
,
4 0 . Acco rd in g to th e d escrip tio n an d resu lts o f th e stu d y ,
b efo re Au g u st 1 , 1 9 9 6 , h o w man y samp les were co llected at th e lo catio n wh ere g ro u n d water flo wed o u t o f
th e min e?
F . 0 4
G . 0 8
H . 1 0
J . 1 2
3 8 . Wh ich o f th e fo llo win g was a d ep en d en t v ariab le in th e
stu d y ?
F . Time
G . Vo lu m e o f g r o u n d w a te r
H . SO42− co n ten t
J . Nu mb er o f water samp les
E N D O F T E S T 4
S T O P ! D O N O T R E T U R N T O A N Y O T H E R T E S T .
A C T -F 1 2
,
4 9
S c o r in g K e y s fo r F o r m F 1 2
U s e
b la n
n u m
in th
c a te
th e s c
k fo r e
b e r c o
e b la n
g o ry .
o r in
a c h
rre c
k s p
g k
q u
t fo
ro v
e y fo r e a c h
e s tio n y o u a
r e a c h re p o
id e d . T h e to
te s t
n s w
r tin g
ta l n
to s
e re
c a
u m
c o
d c
te g
b e
re y o u r a
o r r e c tly .
o r y in th
r c o rre c t
n s w e
A d d
e b la
fo r e
r d
u p
n k s
a c h
o c u
th e
p ro
te s
m
n
v
t
e n t
u m b
id e d
is th
fo
e
.
e
r th e
r s in
A ls o
s u m
m
e a
e n
o f
u ltip le c h re p
te r th e
th e n u
c h o ic
o r tin g
to ta l
m b e r
e te s ts
c a te g
n u m b e
c o rre c
. M
o ry
r c
t in
a rk a “
a n d e
o rre c t
e a c h
1 ”
n te
fo r
re p
in th e
r th e to ta l
e a c h te s t
o r tin g
T e s t 1 : E n g lis h — S c o r in g K e y
R e p o r tin g
C a te g o ry *
K e y
1 .
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4 .
5 .
6 .
7 .
8 .
9 .
0 .
1 .
2 .
3 .
4 .
5 .
6 .
7 .
8 .
9 .
0 .
1 .
2 .
3 .
4 .
5 .
6 .
7 .
8 .
9 .
0 .
1 .
2 .
3 .
4 .
5 .
6 .
7 .
8 .
K L A
D
2 .
3 .
P O W
C S E
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
F
B
H
D
_ _ _
_ _ _
F
_ _ _
B
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
F
C
G
A
F
B
H
D
H
A
F
D
F
B
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
J
C
H
A
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
F
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
B
J
C
H
B
H
B
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
J
_ _ _
A
_ _ _
J
_ _ _
B
_ _ _
J
R e p o r tin g
C a te g o ry *
3 9
4 0
4 1
4 2
4 3
4 4
4 5
4 6
4 7
4 8
4 9
5 0
5 1
5 2
5 3
5 4
5 5
5 6
5 7
5 8
5 9
6 0
6 1
6 2
6 3
6 4
6 5
6 6
6 7
6 8
6 9
7 0
7 1
7 2
7 3
7 4
7 5
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
K e y
P O W
D
H
A
G
A
F
C
G
A
G
D
_ _ _
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A
G
D
H
C
H
D
H
B
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
J
A
_ _ _
_ _ _
F
_ _ _
C
_ _ _
J
.
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
A
G
A
.
.
.
J
.
.
B
G
D
.
.
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
.
.
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
.
.
_ _ _
N u m b e r C o rre c t (R a w
S c o re ) fo r:
P r o d u c tio n o f W r itin g ( P O W )
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
(2 3 )
K n o w le d g e o f L a n g u a g e ( K L A )
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
(1 2 )
C o n v e n tio n s o f S ta n d a r d E n g lis h ( C S E ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(4 0 )
_ _ _
J
A
s
W r itin g
L a n g u a g e
f S ta n d a r d E n g lis h
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
J
.
r ie
o f
o f
s o
_ _ _
_ _ _
C
.
g C a te g o
r o d u c tio n
n o w le d g e
o n v e n tio n
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
J
.
tin
P
K
C
_ _ _
.
.
C S E
o r
=
=
=
_ _ _
.
.
K L A
*R e p
P O W
K L A
C S E
_ _ _
_ _ _
T o ta l N u m b e r C o r r e c t fo r E n g lis h T e s t
(P O W + K L A + C S E )
_ _ _
5 0
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
(7 5 )
T e s t 2 : M a th e m a tic s — S c o r in g K e y
R e p o r tin g C a te g o r y *
R e p o r tin g C a te g o r y *
P H M
K e y
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
F
B
G
A
H
C
G
S
IE S
M D L
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
3 1 .
3 2 .
3 3 .
3 4 .
3 5 .
3 6 .
3 7 .
3 8 .
3 9 .
4 0 .
4 1 .
4 2 .
4 3 .
4 4 .
4 5 .
4 6 .
4 7 .
4 8 .
4 9 .
5 0 .
5 1 .
5 2 .
5 3 .
5 4 .
5 5 .
5 6 .
5 7 .
5 8 .
5 9 .
6 0 .
_ _ _
_ _ _
J
_ _ _
D
H
C
K
D
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
J
A
G
C
H
E
K
D
_
_
_ _ _
_
_
_ _ _
_
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
J
_ _ _
_ _ _
E
K
C
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
F
_ _ _
_ _ _
C
J
_ _ _
_ _ _
B
_ _ _
_ _ _
J
E
_ _ _
_ _ _
F
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
5
3
A
K e y
N
B
H
C
K
B
H
D
_ _ _
A
F
G
S
_ _ _
M D L
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
J
_ _ _
_ _ _
B
_ _ _
K
C
K
A
H
A
K
A
K
C
K
A
H
A
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
J
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
B
K
D
K
E
G
IE S
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
5
1
1 .
2 .
3 .
4 .
5 .
6 .
7 .
8 .
9 .
0 .
1 .
2 .
3 .
4 .
5 .
6 .
7 .
8 .
9 .
0 .
1 .
2 .
3 .
4 .
5 .
6 .
7 .
8 .
9 .
0 .
N
P H M
C o m b in e th e to ta ls o f th e s e c o lu m n s a n d p u t in th e b la n k fo r P H M in th e b o x b e lo w .
*R e p
P H M
N
A
F
G
S
IE S
M D L
o r
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
tin g C a te g
P r e p a r in g
N u m b e r &
A lg e b r a
F u n c tio n s
G e o m e try
S ta tis tic s &
In te g r a tin g
M o d e lin g
o r ie s
fo r H ig h e r M a th
Q u a n tity
N u m b e r C o rre c t (R a w
P r o b a b ility
E s s e n tia l S k ills
5 1
S c o re ) fo r:
P r e p a r in g fo r H ig h e r M a th ( P H M )
(N + A + F + G + S )
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
(3 5 )
In te g r a tin g E s s e n tia l S k ills ( IE S )
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
(2 5 )
T o ta l N u m b e r C o r r e c t fo r M a th e m a tic s T e s t
(P H M + IE S )
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
(6 0 )
M o d e lin g ( M D L )
( N o t in c lu d e d in to ta l n u m b e r c o r r e c t fo r
m a th e m a tic s te s t r a w s c o r e )
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
(1 9 )
T e s t 3 : R e a d in g — S c o r in g K e y
R e p o r tin g
C a te g o ry *
K e y
1
1 .
2 .
3 .
4 .
5 .
6 .
7 .
8 .
9 .
0 .
1 .
2 .
3 .
4 .
5 .
6 .
7 .
8 .
9 .
0 .
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
D
H
A
K ID
C S
R e p o r tin g
C a te g o ry *
IK I
_ _ _
J
C
G
A
F
A
G
D
G
C
G
D
H
C
2 1 .
2 2 .
2 3 .
2 4 .
2 5 .
2 6 .
2 7 .
2 8 .
2 9 .
3 0 .
3 1 .
3 2 .
3 3 .
3 4 .
3 5 .
3 6 .
3 7 .
3 8 .
3 9 .
4 0 .
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
J
C
_ _ _
_ _ _
F
K e y
K ID
B
H
C
_ _ _
_ _ _
C S
IK I
*R
K
C
IK
e p o
=
S =
I =
ID
rt
K
C
In
in g C
e y Id
ra ft &
te g ra
a te g o
e a s &
S tru c
tio n o
r ie s
D e ta ils
tu re
f K n o w le d g e & Id e a s
_ _ _
J
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
B
F
C
J
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
A
G
D
J
_ _ _
A
_ _ _
_ _ _
F
A
G
C
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
J
N u m b e r C o rre c t (R a w
S c o re ) fo r:
K e y Id e a s & D e ta ils ( K ID )
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
(2 4 )
C ra ft & S tru c tu re (C S )
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
(1 1 )
In te g r a tio n o f K n o w le d g e & Id e a s ( IK I)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
(5 )
_ _ _
B
H
_ _ _
T o ta l N u m b e r C o r r e c t fo r R e a d in g T e s t _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(K ID + C S + IK I)
(4 0 )
_ _ _
T e s t 4 : S c ie n c e — S c o r in g K e y
R e p o r tin g
C a te g o ry *
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1 .
2 .
3 .
4 .
5 .
6 .
7 .
8 .
9 .
0 .
1 .
2 .
3 .
4 .
5 .
6 .
7 .
8 .
9 .
0 .
K e y
IO D
C
G
C
G
A
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
J
B
S IN
A
H
B
G
C
_
_
_
_
_
_
_ _ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_
_
_
_
_ _ _
J
_ _ _
D
H
C
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
J
A
G
E M I
_
J
_ _ _
_ _ _
R e p o r tin g
C a te g o ry *
K e y
2 1 .
2 2 .
2 3 .
2 4 .
2 5 .
2 6 .
2 7 .
2 8 .
2 9 .
3 0 .
3 1 .
3 2 .
3 3 .
3 4 .
3 5 .
3 6 .
3 7 .
3 8 .
3 9 .
4 0 .
IO D
B
S IN
E M I
_ _ _
F
rt
In
S
E
In
in g
te rp
c ie n
v a lu
fe re
C a t
re ta
ti c
a tio
n c e
e g o r ie s
tio n o f D
In v e s tig a
n o f M o d
s & E x p e
a ta
tio n
e ls ,
r im e n ta l R e s u lts
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
A
F
D
J
C
H
A
*R e p o
IO D =
S IN =
E M I =
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
F
_ _ _
B
F
N u m b e r C o rre c t (R a w
_ _ _
_ _ _
D
G
D
G
A
H
A
In te r p r e ta tio n o f D a ta ( IO D )
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
J
S c o re ) fo r:
_ _ _
5 2
S c ie n ti c In v e s tig a tio n ( S IN )
E v a lu a tio n o f M o d e ls , In fe r e n c e s &
E x p e r im e n ta l R e s u lts ( E M I)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
(1 8 )
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
(1 0 )
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
(1 2 )
T o ta l N u m b e r C o r r e c t fo r S c ie n c e T e s t _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(IO D + S IN + E M I)
(4 0 )
E x p la n a tio n o f P r o c e d u r e s U s e d to O b ta in
S c a le S c o r e s fr o m R a w S c o r e s
A C T T e s t F 1 2
O n e a c h o f th e fo u r te s ts o n w h ic h y o u m a r k e d a n y
r e s p o n s e s , th e to ta l n u m b e r o f c o r r e c t r e s p o n s e s y ie ld s a r a w
s c o r e . U s e th e ta b le b e lo w to c o n v e r t y o u r r a w s c o r e s to s c a le
s c o r e s . F o r e a c h te s t, lo c a te a n d c ir c le y o u r r a w s c o r e o r th e
r a n g e o f r a w s c o r e s th a t in c lu d e s it in th e ta b le b e lo w . T h e n ,
r e a d a c r o s s to e ith e r o u ts id e c o lu m n o f th e ta b le a n d c ir c le th e
s c a le s c o r e th a t c o r r e s p o n d s to th a t r a w s c o r e . A s y o u
d e te r m in e y o u r s c a le s c o r e s , e n te r th e m in th e b la n k s p r o v id e d
o n th e r ig h t. T h e h ig h e s t p o s s ib le s c a le s c o r e fo r e a c h te s t is
3 6 . T h e lo w e s t p o s s ib le s c a le s c o r e fo r a n y te s t o n w h ic h y o u
m a r k e d a n y r e s p o n s e s is 1 .
N e x t, c o m p u te th e C o m p o s ite s c o r e b y a v e r a g in g th e fo u r
s c a le s c o r e s . T o d o th is , a d d y o u r fo u r s c a le s c o r e s a n d d iv id e
th e s u m b y 4 . If th e r e s u ltin g n u m b e r e n d s in a fr a c tio n , r o u n d it
o ff to th e n e a r e s t w h o le n u m b e r . ( R o u n d d o w n a n y fr a c tio n le s s
th a n o n e - h a lf; r o u n d u p a n y fr a c tio n th a t is o n e - h a lf o r m o r e .)
E n te r th is n u m b e r in th e b la n k . T h is is y o u r C o m p o s ite s c o r e .
T h e h ig h e s t p o s s ib le C o m p o s ite s c o r e is 3 6 . T h e lo w e s t
p o s s ib le C o m p o s ite s c o r e is 1 .
R a w
Y o u r S c a le S c o r e
E n g lis h
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
M a th e m a tic s
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
R e a d in g
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
S c ie n c e
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
S u m
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
o f s c o re s
C o m p o s ite s c o r e (s u m
÷4 )
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
N O T E : If y o u le ft a te s t c o m p le te ly b la n k a n d m a r k e d n o ite m s ,
d o n o t lis t a s c a le s c o r e fo r th a t te s t. If a n y te s t w a s c o m p le te ly
b la n k , d o n o t c a lc u la te a C o m p o s ite s c o r e .
S c o re s
S c a le
S c o re
T e s t 1
E n g lis h
T e s t 2
M a th e m a tic s
T e s t 3
R e a d in g
T e s t 4
S c ie n c e
S c a le
S c o re
3 6
7 5
7 2 -7
7 1
7 0
6 9
—
6 8
6 7
6 6
6 5
6 3 -6
6 1 -6
5 8 -6
5 5 -5
5 2 -5
4 9 -5
4 6 -4
4 3 -4
4 1 -4
3 9 -4
3 6 -3
3 3 -3
3 0 -3
2 7 -2
2 5 -2
2 1 -2
1 7 -2
1 4 -1
1 2 -1
1 0 -1
8 -9
6 -7
5
3 -4
2
0 -1
5 9 -6
5 6 -5
5 5
5 4
5 3
5 2
5 0 -5
4 9
4 7 -4
4 5 -4
4 2 -4
4 0 -4
3 8 -3
3 6 -3
3 4 -3
3 3
3 1 -3
2 9 -3
2 6 -2
2 3 -2
1 8 -2
1 4 -1
1 1 -1
0 8 -1
7
5 -6
4
—
3
—
2
—
1
—
—
0
3 8 -4
3 7
—
3 6
3 5
3 4
—
3 3
3 2
3 1
3 0
2 9
2 8
2 6 -2
2 5
2 3 -2
2 2
2 0 -2
1 9
1 8
1 6 -1
1 5
1 3 -1
1 2
1 0 -1
8 -9
7
6
5
4
—
3
2
—
1
0
3 9 -4
3 8
3 7
3 6
—
3 5
3 4
3 3
—
3 2
3 1
2 9 -3
2 7 -2
2 5 -2
2 3 -2
2 2
2 0 -2
1 8 -1
1 6 -1
1 4 -1
1 3
1 1 -1
1 0
9
8
7
6
5
4
—
3
2
—
1
—
0
3 6
3 5
3 4
3 3
3 2
3 1
3 0
2 9
2 8
2 7
2 6
2 5
2 4
2 3
2 2
2 1
2 0
1 9
1 8
1 7
1 6
1 5
1 4
1 3
1 2
1 1
1 0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
3
6
0
4
6
9
2
5
8
0
2
5
8
1
4
7
0
2
4
4
0
8
1
8
6
4
1
9
7
5
2
0
8
5
2
7
3
0
5 3
1
4
7
1
4
7
0
0
3 5
3 4
3 3
3 2
3 1
3 0
2 9
2 8
2 7
2 6
2 5
0
2 4
8
2 3
6
2 2
4
2 1
2 0
1
1 9
9
1 8
7
1 7
2
5
1 6
1 5
1 4
1 3
1 2
1 1
1 0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
P O B O X 1 6 8
IO W A C IT Y , IA 5 2 2 4 3 -0 1 6 8