Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan, Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 loc. 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: ceafa@g.batstate-u.edu.ph | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE, AND FINE ARTS
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Application of Electronics to Fire Prevention:
A Tinkercad Circuit Design of a Smoke Detector
A Document Report Presented to
Mr. John Carlo Aggari
Instructor
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the course
ENGG 401 - Introduction to Engineering
By:
Ailen Chrase D. Cale
Kassandra Ysabel F. Rivera
Samantha M. Tamba
Annette Thea Marie L. Velasco
Denise Jean G. Vanguardia
22-09975
22-07908
22-03745
22-05874
22-02834
ECE 1103
First Semester, S.Y. 2021-2022
Introduction
The ability to detect a fire in your home quickly and effectively with a smoke alarm could
cause serious consequences and fatality. Fires can start in any room of your house and several
different ways. But having a smoke alarm is the first important step in ensuring the safety of your
family, regardless of where or how. Smoke detectors also referred to as smoke alarms, are selfcontained security tools that can be installed all over a structure to detect smoke that could indicate
a fire and sound an alarm to warn occupants. The type of alarm that was utilized by the group is
an Ionization smoke alarm.
These smoke detectors react to fires and flames much more quickly and effectively. A
small quantity of radioactive material is present in these, and it is transferred between two
electrically charged plates to form an ionization chamber. The air is ionized in this structure, and
a current is produced that travels between the plates. Smoke soaks up alpha particles and disrupts
the ionization process within the area, which lowers the current and sets off the alarm. While smoke
alarms can save lives when residents are awake, they may be most useful when the residents are
having a nap.
Objectives
1. To build an effective working smoke detector;
2. To avoid possible fire by detecting smoke from the small particles in the air;
3. To promote a safer environment with technology; and
4. To incorporate electronics in fire prevention and safety;
Materials
● Piezo
● 2 LED
● 4 resistors
● Arduino Uno
● Breadboard
● Gas Sensor
● Wires
Procedure
1. Arrange the components as per the given circuit diagram
2. Write the appropriate code for the requisite applications.
3. Upload your code in Arduino.
4. Now simulate your circuit.
Results
Figure 1. Circuit Design - Smoke Detector
In this project, we established a smoke detector using Arduino. An open-source electronics
platform called Arduino is built on simple hardware and software. Furthermore, sensors can
provide digital and analog inputs that can be read by Arduino boards. In the circuit shown in the
image, the gas sensor measures the amount of smoke present and provides an analog reading to
the Arduino, which compares it to a standard value. If the value is higher, Arduino sends a signal
to the led, which turns on the red light and activates the buzzer. If it is lower, the green led turns
on. Moreover, after applying a bias to the sensor, it takes some time for the sensor to warm up, at
which point the electrochemical sensor can identify a particular gas and adjust the current flowing
through the sensor. So, depending on gas concentration, we get analog output ranges. It has a total
of 6 pins. The two pins in the center are referred to as "Heater Pins," and the remaining pairs of
pins up and down are referred to as "A Pins" and "B Pins." Separate sensors are used to connect
the two pins. One H pin is connected to the ground, while the other H pin is connected to +5 DC
voltage. Both A pins and B pins are connected to Arduino's Analog Output pins. By connecting a
resistor between the ground and a B pin, we can change the sensor's sensitivity. Consequently, by
altering the resistance, we can control the detector's sensitivity.
Conclusion
The purpose of this paper was to demonstrate the development of smoke detectors using
Arduino equipment, the advantages of doing this, and how it nurtures a safer working environment.
The learning outcomes of this project were reported in the "Results" portion and focused on
students' writing, presenting, and design skills. However, this paper solely reported on the design
abilities of engineering students in developing smoke detectors. Moreover, three significant
outcomes were discovered. First of all, despite the students' initial reports of difficulty using the
Arduino Uno to create their designs, they eventually felt that its use had improved their
understanding of the concept. Second, using many different sensors helped develop students'
creative thinking as their programming, problem-solving, and design skills improved. Finally, this
project's immense improvement shows that the Arduino Uno can be used to consider making
smoke detectors that will help students understand basic design principles and boost academic
student achievement. It must be noted that this project was carried out over three weeks with just
one group of students. The reliability and validity of the findings will increase through the use of
a time-lag experiment. This work also discovered that if the students are having the right tools,
like the Arduino Uno, they can achieve remarkable work with them for their gain.