EEE 2019 – PRINCIPLES OF ELECRICITY I MODEL SOLUTIONS TO FINAL EXAMINATION - 2013/2014 ACADEMIC YEAR DATE OF EXAMINATION: 25TH JULY, 2014 Question 6: [Solution] a) i) The diode will conduct during positive half-cycles of the input to yield an output vout as shown below. vin vout short cct 15V 0 15V T 2 T vin t i 15V vout 2kΩ 0 T 2 15V T t [3 marks] ii) The dc level is determined by finding the average of the output waveform vout over a full period, i.e., T Vdc Vavg iii) 1 1 vout dt T 0 T T 2 V p sin t dt 0 Vp Vdc , 15 4.77 V [3 marks] The peak-inverse-voltage (PIV) is the voltage across the diode when it is reverse biased. Thus the PIV is found as follows: vin PIV 15V 0 15V T 2 T t vin I 0 2kΩ vout Applying KVL to the cct yields, PIV Vpin IR 15 0 , PIV 15 V [4 marks] b) When the ideal diode is replaced with a germanium diode the following is obtained: i) The sketch of the output vout is as shown below: Page 1 of 5 Dept. of EEE, School of Engg, UNZA. s. cct 0.3V vout i vin vout 2kΩ ii) 14.7V T 2 0 T t [3 marks] The dc level is determined by finding the average of the output waveform vout over a full period, i.e., Vdc Vavg 1 T T 2 V p VD sin t dt Vp VD 0 Vdc , 15 0.3 4.679 V [3 marks] iii) PIV is obtained by applying KVL to the circuit below: vin PIV 15V 0 15V T 2 vin t T 0.3V vout 2kΩ I 0 Thus, PIV Vpin IR VD 15 0 0.3 , PIV 15.3 V [4 marks] [Total 20 marks] Question 7: [Solution] a) For the given RC circuit: 1 R S 2 V1 t 0 V2 C v t Page 2 of 5 R S 2 t 0 V2 i C v t Dept. of EEE, School of Engg, UNZA. i) At t 0 the steady-state voltage across the capacitor is V1 , which is the initial voltage to the new circuit arrangement. Since V2 V1 , the current flows as shown above to charge the capacitor to V2 . Thus, applying KVL to the new circuit arrangement yields, V2 Ri v ; but i C dv dv , it follows that , V2 RC v dt dt [1 mark] v V2 dv , dt RC Rearranging the equation and integrating both sides over the given limits yields, v t V1 t dt dv 0 RC v V2 ln v V2 ln v t V2 ln V1 V2 v t V1 t t , RC 0 v t V2 t t . 0 , that is, ln RC RC V1 V2 [2 marks] Taking exponential of both sides yields, v t VS V1 VS t RC , v t V2 V1 V2 et RC , e v t V2 V1 V2 et RC , being the step response voltage. ii) [2 marks] Recall that the current through the capacitor is , iC dv . Given also that V1 0 , it follows that v t V2 1 et RC . Thus, [2 marks] dt i C CV2 t RC dv d , C V2 1 et RC e dt dt RC i t V2 t RC e u t R [3 marks] b) The given voltage pulse written in terms of step functions is of the form, v t 10 0 2 5 t v t 10u t 2 10u t 5 [4 marks] c) The output of each block of the regulated power supply is as shown below. Page 3 of 5 Dept. of EEE, School of Engg, UNZA. t t t Full-wave rectifier Transformer [1 mark] t Voltage regulator Capacitor filter [2 marks] t t [2 marks] [1 mark] [Total 20 marks] Question 8: [Solution] a) For the given circuit vs I vin 220V rms D3 0.3V D2 0.3V D4 RL vout 2kΩ vin vsec 120V rms i) The secondary voltage is given as 120V rms . Thus, the peak voltage is calculated as follows: Vpsec Vrms 2 120 2 169.71 V . [2 marks] Since germanium diodes are used in the bridge cct, the dc output is given by Vdc Vavg 2 T T 2 0 V 2VD sin t dt psec Vdc ii) 2 Vpsec 2VD 2 169.71 2 0.3 107.66 V [2 marks] The PIV rating of each diode is found as follows: PIV Vpsec VD 169.71 0.3 169.41V , iii) , PIV 169.41V [4 marks] The maximum diode current during conduction is Page 4 of 5 Dept. of EEE, School of Engg, UNZA. I Vp out RL Vpsec 2VD RL 169.71 2 0.3 169.11 0.0846 , 2 103 2 103 I 84.6 mA [4 marks] b) Given the diode limiting circuit vi 0 16V T 2 T vi t vo VBIAS 4V Circuit Input waveform. i) R 16V An ideal diode will not conduct when vi VBIAS 4 V , hence no current will flow and all the input voltage appears at the output, see waveform below. vo 16V 4V 0 T 2 T t 16V ii) [4 marks] When the diode is replaced a silicon diode of inherent barrier voltage VD 0.7 V . Thus, the diode will not conduct when vi VBIAS VD 4 0.7 3.3 V . Hence no current will flow and the entire input voltage appears at the output as shown below. vo 16V 3.3V 0 T 2 T t [4 marks] 16V [Total 20 marks] END OF EEE 2019 EXAM MODEL SOLUTIONS Page 5 of 5 Dept. of EEE, School of Engg, UNZA.