* Guess the next skill
* Then say what they are doing exactly :)
Writing task one ( Academic)
Report Writing
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Time ??
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20 mins (15mins +5min => proofreading)
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Number of the words ??
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at least 150 words
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Different parts of the report ??
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Different kinds of diagrams (6) ??
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Difference between academic and general ??
1- Is there a concluding sentence ?
2- which part of the structure is changeable ?
Overview:
1- introduction 2- body paragraph one 3- body paragraph two 4- overview
Different kinds of diagrams
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Pie chart
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Line graph
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Bar chart
What are the differences
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Maps
and similarities between
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Tables
teaching these diagrams?
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Process (flow charts)
General tips/rules
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Always formal (No contractions)
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Coherence and cohesion
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Grammar and accuracy
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Try not to use "I" and "we" alot
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Capitalisation
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Spelling
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Punctuation
Usage of expressions/words
( v+adv , adj+n , change of form )
3 main features for writing reports
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Describing trends => Phrases
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Summarising data => main features
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Comparing data => while (contrast )
as......as (comparison)
Hints for teaching writing
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Have an introductory class
Make sure your students understand the topic
and its words completely
Give them plenty of time to write / discuss their
errors with them / give them feedback
Encourage your students to plan their body
paragraphs as the first step
Give them exercises for paraphrasing
Teach them how to analyze/study model
answers
Hints for teaching writing
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Teach them how all the sentences are connected
to each other :
1- addition => also
2- cause/effect => consequently
3- comparison => similarly
4- contrast => although / but
5- sequencing => first of all
6- concluding phrase => to sum up
Common mistakes
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Writing every detail
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No clear introduction or overview
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Informal language
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Copying words from the question
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Giving reasons / background information
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Writing personal idea
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Incorrect analysis
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Not enough comparisons
Find the Mistakes
How do you teach/analyze the model
answer?
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Imagine that you taught your students:
the structure, rules and tips.
There is a model answer in the book !
How do you work on it in the class?
* Choose one of them and explain the steps or
possible method or strategy !
Process
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There are 2 types :
1- Natural ( cycles) => how cows produce milk
2- Man-made => how coffee is made
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General tips :
Understand the process. Find the start and the end of the
process. Count how many stages there are and understand
what each stage does and the relationship it has with the
stage before and after it.
Describe what is happening generally in 2 sentences. This
is your overview paragraph.
Divide the process in two and write two separate
paragraphs detailing each stage of the process.
Process
steps/structure
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1- Introduction (introductory sentence )
=> paraphrase the question :
Question : The diagram below shows how electricity is produced in
a nuclear power station.
Paraphrased: The illustration below shows the process of how
nuclear power plants make electricity.
2- Overview
=> 1- the total number of stages
2- the first and last stage
3- Body ( describe each of the main stages in more detail )
=> 1- simple present passive
2- Sequencing words ( first of all, next ... )
Maps
There are three main types of map question:
Describe one map in the present day.
Describe two maps- one in the present and one in the future.
Describe two maps- one in the past and one in the present.
Maps
steps/structure
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1- Introductory sentence => paraphrase the
question and use synonyms
2- Overview => the most noticeable differences
( Residential areas ? Green space ? Major
improvements/facilities ? More or less buildings ?
3- Body => specific changes
* simple past passive/present perfect passive/future
passive
* prepositions ( on the right-hand corner )
* related words ( demolish/renovate )
Charts/Graphs
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There are two types:
1- static chart => data from one time period
2- dynamic chart => changes overtime
Pay attention to :
- high/low values
- biggest increase/decrease
- irregular values
- fluctuations
- unchanging data
- notable exceptions
- biggest similarities/differences
Charts/Graphs
steps/structure
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1- Introductory sentence (paraphrase the question)
2- Overview or general comparison
** NO numbers or figures!
Just summary of main features!
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3- Main feature one + supporting details
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4- Main feature two + supporting details
Related words !
Prioritise !
Letters( topics of general interest)
Purpose
Tone
* Use imagination to support the purpose
* Write the right phrases based on the type of letter
- I was delighted by.. = gratitude
- Despite my request for ... = complaint
* Design exercises for mainly opening sentences
- I am writing to file a complaint with........
* Design exercises for making formal requests and
suggestions