UNITED STATES
MILITARY ACADEMY
WEST POINT, NEW YORK
Thermal-Fluid Systems
References
Department of
Civil and Mechanical Engineering
NOTE
This Reference Manual is divided into two major sections.
Section 1: SI Units
Tables in SI Units (page T-1 to T-33)
Figures in SI Units (page F-1 to F-3)
Section 2: English Units
Tables in English Units (page TE-1 to
TE-31) Figures in English Units (page FE-1
to FE-2)
Section 1
List of Tables (SI Units)
Table
Title / Page
1
Molecular Weights and Critical Properties of Selected Substances T-1
2
Physical Properties of Water T-2
3
Physical Properties of Air at Standard Atmospheric Pressure T-3
4
Approximate Physical Properties of Some Common Liquids T-4
5
Approximate Physical Properties of Some Common Gases at Standard Atmospheric Pressure T-4
6
Properties of the U.S. Standard Atmosphere T-5
7
Ideal Gas Specific Heats of Some Common Gases T-6
8
Ideal Gas Properties of Air T-7
9
Ideal Gas Properties of Selected Gases T-9
10
Properties of Saturated Water (Liquid-Vapor): Temperature Table T-15
11
Properties of Saturated Water (Liquid-Vapor): Pressure [kPa] Table T-17
12
Properties of Superheated Water T-19
13
Properties of Compressed Liquid Water T-23
14
Properties of Saturated Refrigerant 134a (Liquid-Vapor): Temperature Table T-24
15
Properties of Saturated Refrigerant 134a (Liquid-Vapor): Pressure Table T-25
16
Properties of Superheated Refrigerant 134a Vapor T-26
17
Thermochemical Properties of Selected Substances at 298 K and 1 atm T-29
18
Isentropic Flow Functions (1-D flow, ideal gas, constant specific heat, k = 1.4) T-30
19
Normal Shock Flow Functions (1-D flow, ideal gas, constant specific heat, k = 1.4) T-33
Table 1. Molecular Weights and Critical Properties of Selected Substances
Formula
Molecular Weight
(M)
[kg/kmol]
Critical Temperature
(TC)
[K]
Critical Pressure
(PC)
[MPa]
C2H2
26.04
309
6.28
28.97
133
3.77
NH3
17.03
406
11.28
Ar
39.94
151
4.86
Benzene
C6H6
78.11
563
4.93
Butane
C4H10
58.12
425
3.80
Carbon
C
12.01
Carbon Dioxide
CO2
44.01
304
7.39
Carbon Monoxide
CO
28.01
133
3.50
C2H6
30.07
305
4.88
C2H5OH
46.07
516
6.38
Ethylene
C2H4
28.05
283
5.12
Helium
He
4.003
5.2
0.23
Hydrogen
H2
2.016
33.2
1.30
Methane
CH4
16.04
191
4.64
CH3OH
32.04
513
7.95
N2
28.01
126
3.39
Octane
C8H18
114.22
569
2.49
Oxygen
O2
32.00
154
5.05
Propane
C3H8
44.09
370
4.27
Propylene (Propene)
C3H6
42.08
365
4.62
Water
H2O
18.02
647.3
22.09
Substance
Acetylene
Air
Ammonia
Argon
Ethane
Ethyl Alcohol (Ethanol)
Methyl Alcohol (Methanol)
Nitrogen
Sources: Formulas and Molecular Weights from Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 2003.
Critical Properties adapted from International Critical Tables.
T-1
Table 2. Physical Properties of Water
Temperature
T
[oC]
Density
Specific
Weight
Dynamic
Viscosity
Kinematic
Viscosity
Surface
Tension
[kg/m3]
[kN/m3]
[(N∙s)/m2]
[m2/s]
[N/m]
0
999.8
9.805
1.793 × 10–3
1.793 × 10–6
7.56 × 10–2
5
1000.0
9.807
1.550 × 10–3
1.550 × 10–6
7.49 × 10–2
10
999.7
9.804
1.307 × 10–3
1.307 × 10–6
7.42 × 10–2
20
998.2
9.789
1.002 × 10–3
1.004 × 10–6
7.28 × 10–2
30
995.7
9.765
7.977 × 10–4
8.011 × 10–7
7.12 × 10–2
40
992.2
9.731
6.532 × 10–4
6.583 × 10–7
6.96 × 10–2
50
988.0
9.689
5.470 × 10–4
5.536 × 10–7
6.79 × 10–2
60
983.2
9.642
4.665 × 10–4
4.745 × 10–7
6.62 × 10–2
70
977.8
9.589
4.040 × 10–4
4.132 × 10–7
6.44 × 10–2
80
971.8
9.530
3.547 × 10–4
3.650 × 10–7
6.27 × 10–2
90
965.4
9.468
3.147 × 10–4
3.260 × 10–7
6.08 × 10–2
100
958.4
9.399
2.818 × 10–4
2.940 × 10–7
5.89 × 10–2
ρ
γ
µ
ν
Source: Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 2003.
- Surface Tension values for contact with air.
- Specific weight computed by γ = ρg. For this table, g = 9.807 m/s2.
- Kinematic Viscosity computed by ν = µ/ρ.
T-2
σ
Table 3. Physical Properties of Air at Standard Atmospheric Pressure
Temperature
T
[oC]
Density
Specific
Weight
Dynamic
Viscosity
Kinematic
Viscosity
[kg/m3]
[N/m3]
[(N∙s)/m2]
[m2/s]
–40
1.514
14.85
1.57 × 10–5
1.04 × 10–5
–20
1.395
13.68
1.63 × 10–5
1.17 × 10–5
0
1.292
12.67
1.71 × 10–5
1.32 × 10–5
5
1.269
12.45
1.73 × 10–5
1.36 × 10–5
10
1.247
12.23
1.76 × 10–5
1.41 × 10–5
15
1.225
12.01
1.80 × 10–5
1.47 × 10–5
20
1.204
11.81
1.82 × 10–5
1.51 × 10–5
25
1.184
11.61
1.85 × 10–5
1.56 × 10–5
30
1.165
11.43
1.86 × 10–5
1.60 × 10–5
40
1.127
11.05
1.87 × 10–5
1.66 × 10–5
50
1.109
10.88
1.95 × 10–5
1.76 × 10–5
60
1.060
10.40
1.97 × 10–5
1.86 × 10–5
70
1.029
10.09
2.03 × 10–5
1.97 × 10–5
80
0.9996
9.803
2.07 × 10–5
2.07 × 10–5
90
0.9721
9.533
2.14 × 10–5
2.20 × 10–5
100
0.9461
9.278
2.17 × 10–5
2.29 × 10–5
200
0.7461
7.317
2.53 × 10–5
3.39 × 10–5
300
0.6159
6.040
2.98 × 10–5
4.84 × 10–5
400
0.5243
5.142
3.32 × 10–5
6.34 × 10–5
500
0.4565
4.477
3.64 × 10–5
7.97 × 10–5
600
0.4042
3.964
3.94 × 10–5
9.75 × 10–5
700
0.3627
3.557
4.24 × 10–5
1.17 × 10–4
800
0.3289
3.226
4.51 × 10–5
1.37 × 10–4
900
0.3009
2.951
4.78 × 10–5
1.59 × 10–4
1000
0.2772
2.719
5.04 × 10–5
1.82 × 10–4
ρ
γ
µ
ν
Source: Density and kinematic viscosity based on data from R. D. Blevins, Applied Fluid Dynamics Handbook, Van Nostrand Reinhold
Co., Inc., New York, 1984.
- Specific weight computed by γ = ρg. For this table, g = 9.807 m/s2.
- Dynamic Viscosity computed by µ = νρ.
T-3
Table 4. Approximate Physical Properties of Some Common Liquids
Density
Specific
Weight
Dynamic
Viscosity
Kinematic
Viscosity
Surface
Tension1
Liquid
Temperature
T
[oC]
[kg/m3]
[kN/m3]
[(N∙s)/m2]
[m2/s]
Ethyl alcohol
20
789
7.74
1.19 × 10–3
Gasoline3
15.6
680
6.67
Glycerin
20
1,260
Mercury
20
SAE 30 oil3
[N/m]
Vapor
Pressure
Pv
[N/m2](abs)
Bulk
Modulus2
Ev
[N/m2]
1.51 × 10–6
2.28 × 10–2
5.9 × 103
1.06 × 109
3.1 × 10–4
4.6 × 10–7
2.2 × 10–2
5.5 × 104
1.3 × 109
12.4
1.50
1.19 × 10–3
6.33 × 10–2
1.4 × 10–2
4.52 × 109
13,600
133
1.57 × 10–3
1.15 × 10–7
4.66 × 10–1
1.6 × 10–1
2.85 × 1010
15.6
912
8.95
3.8 × 10–1
4.2 × 10–4
3.6 × 10–2
--
1.5 × 109
Seawater
15.6
1,030
10.1
1.20 × 10–3
1.17 × 10–6
7.34 × 10–2
1.77 × 103
2.34 × 109
Water
15.6
999
9.80
1.12 × 10–3
1.12 × 10–6
7.34 × 10–2
1.77 × 103
2.15 × 109
ρ
µ
γ
ν
σ
1
In contact with air.
Isentropic bulk modulus calculated from speed of sound.
3
Typical values. Properties of petroleum products vary.
2
Source: B. R. Munson, D. F. Young, T. H. Okiishi, and W. W. Huebsch, Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, 6th Ed., John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., New York, 2009. This material is reproduced with permission of Wiley Publishing Inc., a subsidiary of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Table 5. Approximate Physical Properties of Some Common Gases at Standard Atmospheric
Pressure
Density
Specific
Weight
Dynamic
Viscosity
Kinematic
Viscosity
Gas
Temperature
T
[oC]
[kg/m3]
[N/m3]
[(N∙s)/m2]
[m2/s]
Air (standard)
15
1.23
12.0
1.79 × 10–5
1.46 × 10–5
Carbon dioxide
20
1.83
18.0
1.47 × 10–5
8.03 × 10–6
Helium
20
0.166
1.63
1.94 × 10–5
1.15 × 10–4
Hydrogen
20
0.0838
0.822
8.84 × 10–6
1.05 × 10–4
Methane
(natural gas)
20
0.667
6.54
1.10 × 10–5
1.65 × 10–5
Nitrogen
20
1.16
11.4
1.76 × 10–5
1.52 × 10–5
Oxygen
20
1.33
13.0
2.04 × 10–5
1.53 × 10–5
ρ
γ
µ
ν
Source: B. R. Munson, D. F. Young, T. H. Okiishi, and W. W. Huebsch, Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, 6th Ed., John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., New York, 2009. This material is reproduced with permission of Wiley Publishing Inc., a subsidiary of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
T-4
Table 6. Properties of the U.S. Standard Atmosphere
Acceleration
of Gravity
g
[m/s2]
Pressure
P
[N/m2 (abs)]
Density
Dynamic
Viscosity
Altitude
[m]
Temperature
T
[oC]
[kg/m3]
[(N∙s)/m2]
–1,000
21.501
9.8097
1.139 × 105
1.347
1.821 × 10–5
0
15.000
9.8066
1.013 × 105
1.225
1.789 × 10–5
1,000
8.501
9.8036
8.988 × 104
1.112
1.758 × 10–5
2,000
2.004
9.8005
7.950 × 104
1.007
1.726 × 10–5
3,000
–4.491
9.7974
7.012 × 104
0.9093
1.694 × 10–5
4,000
–10.984
9.7943
6.166 × 104
0.8194
1.661 × 10–5
5,000
–17.474
9.7912
5.405 × 104
0.7364
1.628 × 10–5
6,000
–23.963
9.7882
4.722 × 104
0.6601
1.595 × 10–5
7,000
–30.450
9.7851
4.111 × 104
0.5900
1.561 × 10–5
8,000
–36.935
9.7820
3.565 × 104
0.5258
1.527 × 10–5
9,000
–43.417
9.7789
3.080 × 104
0.4671
1.493 × 10–5
10,000
–49.898
9.7759
2.650 × 104
0.4135
1.458 × 10–5
15,000
–56.500
9.7605
1.211 × 104
0.1948
1.422 × 10–5
20,000
–56.500
9.7452
5.529 × 103
0.08891
1.422 × 10–5
25,000
–51.598
9.7300
2.549 × 103
0.04008
1.448 × 10–5
30,000
–46.641
9.7147
1.197 × 103
0.01841
1.475 × 10–5
40,000
–22.800
9.6844
2.871 × 102
0.003996
1.601 × 10–5
ρ
Source: Data abridged from U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
T-5
µ
Table 7. Ideal Gas Specific Heats of Some Common Gases
Temp.
[K]
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
Temp.
[K]
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
cP
cv
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
1.003
1.005
1.008
1.013
1.021
1.029
1.040
1.051
1.063
1.075
1.087
1.099
1.110
1.121
1.131
1.141
Air
0.716
0.718
0.721
0.726
0.734
0.742
0.753
0.764
0.776
0.788
0.800
0.812
0.823
0.834
0.844
0.854
cP
cv
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
Hydrogen (H2)
14.051
9.927
14.307
10.183
14.427
10.302
14.476
10.352
14.501
10.377
14.513
10.389
14.530
10.405
14.546
10.422
14.571
10.447
14.604
10.480
14.645
10.521
14.695
10.570
14.756
10.632
14.822
10.698
14.901
10.777
14.983
10.859
k
1.401
1.400
1.398
1.395
1.391
1.387
1.381
1.376
1.370
1.364
1.359
1.354
1.349
1.344
1.340
1.336
k
1.415
1.405
1.400
1.398
1.397
1.397
1.396
1.396
1.395
1.394
1.392
1.390
1.388
1.386
1.383
1.380
cP
cv
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
k
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
0.791
0.603
1.314
0.846
0.657
1.288
0.895
0.706
1.268
0.939
0.750
1.252
0.978
0.790
1.239
1.014
0.825
1.229
1.046
0.857
1.220
1.075
0.886
1.213
1.102
0.913
1.207
1.126
0.937
1.202
1.148
0.959
1.197
1.169
0.980
1.193
1.187
0.998
1.189
1.204
1.015
1.186
1.220
1.031
1.183
1.234
1.045
1.181
cP
cv
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
1.039
1.040
1.041
1.044
1.049
1.056
1.065
1.075
1.086
1.098
1.110
1.122
1.134
1.145
1.157
1.167
Nitrogen (N2)
0.742
0.743
0.744
0.747
0.752
0.759
0.768
0.778
0.789
0.801
0.813
0.825
0.837
0.849
0.860
0.870
k
1.400
1.400
1.399
1.397
1.395
1.391
1.387
1.381
1.376
1.371
1.365
1.360
1.355
1.350
1.345
1.341
cP
cv
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
k
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
1.040
0.743
1.400
1.040
0.744
1.399
1.043
0.746
1.398
1.048
0.751
1.395
1.054
0.758
1.392
1.064
0.767
1.387
1.075
0.778
1.382
1.087
0.790
1.376
1.100
0.803
1.370
1.113
0.816
1.364
1.126
0.829
1.358
1.139
0.842
1.352
1.151
0.854
1.347
1.163
0.866
1.343
1.174
0.877
1.338
1.185
0.888
1.334
cP
cv
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
0.913
0.918
0.928
0.941
0.956
0.972
0.988
1.003
1.017
1.031
1.043
1.054
1.065
1.074
1.082
1.090
Oxygen (O2)
0.653
0.659
0.668
0.681
0.696
0.712
0.728
0.743
0.758
0.771
0.783
0.794
0.805
0.814
0.822
0.830
k
1.398
1.395
1.389
1.382
1.373
1.365
1.357
1.350
1.343
1.337
1.332
1.327
1.323
1.319
1.316
1.313
Temp.
[K]
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
Temp.
[K]
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
Source: Values for cP determined from data available in Tables of Thermal Properties of Gases by Joseph Hilsenrath, Charles W.
Beckett, William S. Benedict, Lilla Fano, Harold J. Hoge, Joseph F. Masi, Ralph L. Nuttall, Yeram S. Touloukian, and Harold
W. Woolley, National Bureau of Standards Circular 564, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C., issued
November 1, 1955.
- Values for cv determined from cv = cP – R.
- Values for k determined from k = cP/cv.
T-6
Table 8. Ideal Gas Properties of Air
when ∆s = 0
Pr
vr
T
[K]
h
[kJ/kg]
u
[kJ/kg]
so
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
200
199.97
142.56
1.29559
0.3363
210
209.97
149.69
1.34444
220
219.97
156.82
1.39105
230
230.02
164.00
240
240.02
250
260
when ∆s = 0
Pr
vr
T
[K]
h
[kJ/kg]
u
[kJ/kg]
so
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
1707
560
565.17
404.42
2.33685
0.3987
1512
570
575.59
411.97
2.35531
13.50
121.2
0.4690
1346
580
586.04
419.55
2.37348
14.38
115.7
1.43557
0.5477
1205
590
596.52
427.15
2.39140
15.31
110.6
171.13
1.47824
0.6355
1084
600
607.02
434.78
2.40902
16.28
105.8
250.05
178.28
1.51917
0.7329
979
610
617.53
442.42
2.42644
17.30
101.2
260.09
185.45
1.55848
0.8405
887.8
620
628.07
450.09
2.44356
18.36
96.92
270
270.11
192.60
1.59634
0.9590
808.0
630
638.63
457.78
2.46048
19.84
92.84
280
280.13
199.75
1.63279
1.0889
738.0
640
649.22
465.50
2.47716
20.64
88.99
285
285.14
203.33
1.65055
1.1584
706.1
650
659.84
473.25
2.49364
21.86
85.34
290
290.16
206.91
1.66802
1.2311
676.1
660
670.47
481.01
2.50985
23.13
81.89
295
295.17
210.49
1.68515
1.3068
647.9
670
681.14
488.81
2.52589
24.46
78.61
300
300.19
214.07
1.70203
1.3860
621.2
680
691.82
496.62
2.54175
25.85
75.50
305
305.22
217.67
1.71865
1.4686
596.0
690
702.52
504.45
2.55731
27.29
72.56
310
310.24
221.25
1.73498
1.5546
572.3
700
713.27
512.33
2.57277
28.80
69.76
315
315.27
224.85
1.75106
1.6442
549.8
710
724.04
520.23
2.58810
30.38
67.07
320
320.29
228.42
1.76690
1.7375
528.6
720
734.82
528.14
2.60319
32.02
64.53
325
325.31
232.02
1.78249
1.8345
508.4
730
745.62
536.07
2.61803
33.72
62.13
330
330.34
235.61
1.79783
1.9352
489.4
740
756.44
544.02
2.63280
35.50
59.82
340
340.42
242.82
1.82790
2.149
454.1
750
767.29
551.99
2.64737
37.35
57.63
350
350.49
250.02
1.85708
2.379
422.2
760
778.18
560.01
2.66176
39.27
55.54
360
360.58
257.24
1.88543
2.626
393.4
770
789.11
568.07
2.67595
41.31
53.39
370
370.67
264.46
1.91313
2.892
367.2
780
800.03
576.12
2.69013
43.35
51.64
380
380.77
271.69
1.94001
3.176
343.4
790
810.99
584.21
2.70400
45.55
49.86
390
390.88
278.93
1.96633
3.481
321.5
800
821.95
592.30
2.71787
47.75
48.08
400
400.98
286.16
1.99194
3.806
301.6
820
843.98
608.59
2.74504
52.59
44.84
410
411.12
293.43
2.01699
4.153
283.3
840
866.08
624.95
2.77170
57.60
41.85
420
421.26
300.69
2.04142
4.522
266.6
860
888.27
641.40
2.79783
63.09
39.12
430
431.43
307.99
2.06533
4.915
251.1
880
910.56
657.95
2.82344
68.98
36.61
440
441.61
315.30
2.08870
5.332
236.8
900
932.93
674.58
2.84856
75.29
34.31
450
451.80
322.62
2.11161
5.775
223.6
920
955.38
691.28
2.87324
82.05
32.18
460
462.02
329.97
2.13407
6.245
211.4
940
977.92
708.08
2.89748
89.28
30.22
470
472.24
337.32
2.15604
6.742
200.1
960
1000.55
725.02
2.92128
97.00
28.40
480
482.49
344.70
2.17760
7.268
189.5
980
1023.25
741.98
2.94468
105.2
26.73
490
492.74
352.08
2.19876
7.824
179.7
1000
1046.04
758.94
2.96770
114.0
25.17
500
503.02
359.49
2.21952
8.411
170.6
1020
1068.89
776.10
2.99034
123.4
23.72
510
513.32
366.92
2.23993
9.031
162.1
1040
1091.85
793.36
3.01260
133.3
22.39
520
523.63
374.36
2.25997
9.684
154.1
1060
1114.86
810.62
3.03449
143.9
21.14
530
533.98
381.84
2.27967
10.37
146.7
1080
1137.89
827.88
3.05608
155.2
19.98
540
544.35
389.34
2.29906
11.10
139.7
1100
1161.07
845.33
3.07732
167.1
18.896
550
554.74
396.86
2.31809
11.86
133.1
1120
1184.28
862.79
3.09825
179.7
17.886
T-7
12.66
127.0
Table 8. Ideal Gas Properties of Air
T
[K]
h
[kJ/kg]
u
[kJ/kg]
so
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
1140
1207.57
880.35
3.11883
1160
1230.92
897.91
3.13916
1180
1254.34
915.57
3.15916
1200
1277.79
933.33
3.17888
1220
1301.31
951.09
3.19834
1240
1324.93
968.95
3.21751
1260
1348.55
986.90
3.23638
1280
1372.24
1004.76
3.25510
1300
1395.97
1022.82
3.27345
1320
1419.76
1040.88
3.29160
1340
1443.60
1058.94
3.30959
1360
1467.49
1077.10
3.32724
1380
1491.44
1095.26
1400
1515.42
1113.52
1420
1539.44
1440
when ∆s = 0
Pr
vr
when ∆s = 0
Pr
vr
T
[K]
h
[kJ/kg]
u
[kJ/kg]
so
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
16.946
1540
1684.51
1242.43
3.47712
672.8
6.569
207.2
16.064
1560
1708.82
1260.99
3.49276
710.5
6.301
222.2
15.241
1580
1733.17
1279.65
3.50829
750.0
6.046
238.0
14.470
1600
1757.57
1298.30
3.52364
791.2
5.804
254.7
13.747
1620
1782.00
1316.96
3.53879
834.1
5.574
272.3
13.069
1640
1806.46
1335.72
3.55381
878.9
5.355
290.8
12.435
1660
1830.96
1354.48
3.56867
925.6
5.147
310.4
11.835
1680
1855.50
1373.24
3.58335
974.2
4.949
330.9
11.275
1700
1880.1
1392.7
3.5979
1025
4.761
352.5
10.747
1750
1941.6
1439.8
3.6336
1161
4.328
375.3
10.247
1800
2003.3
1487.2
3.6684
1310
3.944
399.1
9.780
1850
2065.3
1534.9
3.7023
1475
3.601
3.34474
424.2
9.337
1900
2127.4
1582.6
3.7354
1655
3.295
3.36200
450.5
8.919
1950
2189.7
1630.6
3.7677
1852
3.022
1131.77
3.37901
478.0
8.526
2000
2252.1
1678.7
3.7994
2068
2.776
1563.51
1150.13
3.39586
506.9
8.153
2050
2314.6
1726.8
3.8303
2303
2.555
1460
1587.63
1168.49
3.41247
537.1
7.801
2100
2377.4
1775.3
3.8605
2559
2.356
1480
1611.79
1186.95
3.42892
568.8
7.468
2150
2440.3
1823.8
3.8901
2837
2.175
1500
1635.97
1205.41
3.44516
601.9
7.152
2200
2503.2
1872.4
3.9191
3138
2.012
1520
1660.23
1223.87
3.46120
636.5
6.854
2250
2566.4
1921.3
3.9474
3464
1.864
193.1
Source: M. J. Moran and H. N. Shapiro, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, 6th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008, pp. 853854 (based on J. H. Keenan and J. Kaye, Gas Tables, Wiley, New York, 1945). This material is reproduced with permission of Wiley
Publishing Inc., a subsidiary of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
T-8
Table 9. Ideal Gas Properties of Selected Gases
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
T
h
u
s
[K]
[kJ/kmol]
[kJ/kmol]
0
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
298
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
740
750
0
6,601
6,938
7,280
7,627
7,979
8,335
8,697
9,063
9,364
9,431
9,807
10,186
10,570
10,959
11,351
11,748
12,148
12,552
12,960
13,372
13,787
14,206
14,628
15,054
15,483
15,916
16,351
16,791
17,232
17,678
18,126
18,576
19,029
19,485
19,945
20,407
20,870
21,337
21,807
22,280
22,754
23,231
23,709
24,190
24,674
25,160
25,648
26,138
26,631
27,125
27,622
28,121
28,622
29,124
29,629
0
4,772
5,026
5,285
5,548
5,817
6,091
6,369
6,651
6,885
6,939
7,230
7,526
7,826
8,131
8,439
8,752
9,068
9,392
9,718
10,046
10,378
10,714
11,053
11,393
11,742
12,091
12,444
12,800
13,158
13,521
13,885
14,253
14,622
14,996
15,372
15,751
16,131
16,515
16,902
17,291
17,683
18,076
18,471
18,869
19,270
19,672
20,078
20,484
20,894
21,305
21,719
22,134
22,552
22,972
23,393
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
o
h
u
so
T
[kJ/(kmol∙K)]
[kJ/kmol]
[kJ/kmol]
[kJ/(kmol∙K)]
[K]
0
188.683
189.980
191.221
192.411
193.554
194.654
195.173
196.735
197.543
197.723
198.678
199.603
200.500
201.371
202.217
203.040
203.842
204.622
205.383
206.125
206.850
207.549
208.252
208.929
209.593
210.243
210.880
211.504
212.117
212.719
213.310
213.890
214.460
215.020
215.572
216.115
216.649
217.175
217.693
218.204
218.708
219.205
219.695
220.179
220.656
221.127
221.592
222.052
222.505
222.953
223.396
223.833
224.265
224.692
225.115
0
7,295
7,628
7,961
8,294
8,627
8,961
9,296
9,631
9,904
9,966
10,302
10,639
10,976
11,314
11,652
11,992
12,331
12,672
13,014
13,356
13,699
14,043
14,388
14,734
15,080
15,428
15,777
16,126
16,477
16,828
17,181
17,534
17,889
18,245
18,601
18,959
19,318
19,678
20,039
20,402
20,765
21,130
21,495
21,862
22,230
22,600
22,970
23,342
23,714
24,088
24,464
24,840
25,218
25,597
25,977
0
5,466
5,715
5,965
6,215
6,466
6,716
6,968
7,219
7,425
7,472
7,725
7,978
8,232
8,487
8,742
8,998
9,255
9,513
9,771
10,030
10,290
10,551
10,813
11,075
11,339
11,603
11,869
12,135
12,403
12,671
12,940
13,211
13,482
13,755
14,028
14,303
14579
14,856
15,134
15,413
15,693
15,975
16,257
16,541
16,826
17,112
17,399
17,688
17,978
18,268
18,561
18,854
19,148
19,444
19,741
0
178.576
180.054
181.471
182.831
184.139
185.399
186.616
187.791
188.720
188.928
190.030
191.098
192.136
193.144
194.125
195.081
196.012
196.920
197.807
198.673
199.521
200.350
201.160
201.955
202.734
203.497
204.247
204.982
205.705
206.413
207.112
207.799
208.475
209.139
209.795
210.440
211.075
211.702
212.320
212.920
213.529
214.122
214.707
215.285
215.856
216.419
216.976
217.527
218.071
218.610
219.142
219.668
220.189
220.707
221.215
0
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
298
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
740
750
h
u
s
[kJ/(kmol∙K)]
[kJ/kmol]
[kJ/kmol]
0
202.966
204.464
205.920
207.337
208.717
210.062
211.376
212.660
213.685
213.915
215.146
216.351
217.534
218.694
219.831
220.948
222.044
223.122
224.182
225.225
226.250
227.258
228.252
229.230
230.194
231.144
232.080
233.044
233.916
234.814
235.700
236.575
237.439
238.292
239.135
239.962
240.789
241.602
242.405
243.199
243.983
244.758
245.524
246.282
247.032
247.773
248.507
249.233
249.952
250.663
251.368
252.065
252.755
253.439
254.117
0
6,391
6,683
6,975
7,266
7,558
7,849
8,140
8,432
8,669
8,723
9,014
9,306
9,597
9,889
10,181
10,473
10,765
11,058
11,351
11,644
11,938
12,232
12,526
12,821
13,116
13,412
13,708
14,005
14,302
14,600
14,898
15,197
15,497
15,797
16,097
16,399
16,701
17,003
17,307
17,611
17,915
18,221
18,527
18,833
19,141
19,449
19,758
20,068
20,378
20,690
21,002
21,315
21,628
21,943
22,258
0
4,562
4,771
4,979
5,188
5,396
5,604
5,812
6,020
6,190
6,229
6,437
6,645
6,854
7,062
7,271
7,480
7,689
7,899
8,108
8,319
8,529
8,740
8,951
9,163
9,375
9,587
9,800
10,014
10,228
10,443
10,658
10,874
11,090
11,307
11,524
11,743
11,961
12,181
12,401
12,622
12,843
13,066
13,289
13,512
13,736
13,962
14,187
14,414
14,641
14,870
15,099
15,328
15,558
15,789
16,022
T-9
Water Vapor (H2O)
o
Table 9. Ideal Gas Properties of Selected Gases
Oxygen (O2)
Nitrogen (N2)
h
u
so
T
[kJ/(kmol∙K)]
[kJ/kmol]
[kJ/kmol]
[kJ/(kmol∙K)]
[K]
0
196.171
197.461
198.696
199.885
201.027
202.128
203.191
204.218
205.033
205.213
206.177
207.112
208.020
208.904
209.765
210.604
211.423
212.222
213.002
213.765
214.510
215.241
215.955
216.656
217.342
218.016
218.676
219.326
219.963
220.589
221.206
221.812
222.409
222.997
223.576
224.146
224.708
225.262
225.808
226.346
226.877
227.400
227.918
228.429
228.932
229.430
229.920
230.405
230.885
231.358
231.827
232.291
232.748
233.201
233.649
0
6,391
6,683
6,975
7,266
7,558
7,849
8,141
8,432
8,669
8,723
9,014
9,306
9,597
9,888
10,180
10,471
10,763
11,055
11,347
11,640
11,932
12,225
12,518
12,811
13,105
13,399
13,693
13,988
14,285
14,581
14,876
15,172
15,469
15,766
16,064
16,363
16,662
16,962
17,262
17,563
17,864
18,166
18,468
18,772
19,075
19,380
19,685
19,991
20,297
20,604
20,912
21,220
21,529
21,839
22,149
0
4,562
4,770
4,979
5,188
5,396
5,604
5,813
6,021
6,190
6,229
6,437
6,645
6,853
7,061
7,270
7,478
7,687
7,895
8,104
8,314
8,523
8,733
8,943
9,153
9,363
9,574
9,786
9,997
10,210
10,423
10,635
10,848
11,062
11,277
11,492
11,707
11,923
12,139
12,356
12,574
12,792
13,011
13,230
13,450
13,671
13,892
14,114
14,337
14,560
14,784
15,008
15,234
15,460
15,686
15,913
0
182.638
183.938
185.180
186.370
187.514
188.614
189.673
190.695
191.502
191.682
192.638
193.562
194.459
195.328
196.173
196.995
197.794
198.572
199.331
200.071
200.794
201.499
202.189
202.863
203.523
204.170
204.803
205.424
206.033
206.630
207.216
207.792
208.358
208.914
209.461
209.999
210.528
211.049
211.562
212.066
212.564
213.055
213.541
214.018
214.489
214.954
215.413
215.866
216.314
216.756
217.192
217.624
218.059
218.472
218.889
0
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
298
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
740
750
T
h
u
s
[K]
[kJ/kmol]
[kJ/kmol]
0
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
298
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
740
750
0
6,404
6,694
6,984
7,275
7,566
7,858
8,150
8,443
8,682
8,736
9,030
9,325
9,620
9,916
10,213
10,511
10,809
11,109
11,409
11,711
12,012
12,314
12,618
12,923
13,228
13,535
13,842
14,151
14,460
14,770
15,082
15,395
15,708
16,022
16,338
16,654
16,971
17,290
17,609
17,929
18,250
18,572
18,895
19,219
19,544
19,870
20,197
20,524
20,854
21,184
21,514
21,845
22,177
22,510
22,844
0
4,575
4,782
4,989
5,197
5,405
5,613
5,822
6,032
6,203
6,242
6,453
6,664
6,877
7,090
7,303
7,518
7,733
7,949
8,166
8,384
8,603
8,822
9,043
9,264
9,487
9,710
9,935
10,160
10,386
10,614
10,842
11,071
11,301
11,533
11,765
11,998
12,232
12,467
12,703
12,940
13,178
13,417
13,657
13,898
14,140
14,383
14,626
14,871
15,116
15,364
15,611
15,859
16,107
16,357
16,607
o
T-10
Table 9. Ideal Gas Properties of Selected Gases
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
T
h
u
s
[K]
[kJ/kmol]
[kJ/kmol]
760
770
780
790
800
810
820
830
840
850
860
870
880
890
900
910
920
930
940
950
960
970
980
990
1000
1020
1040
1060
1080
1100
1120
1140
1160
1180
1200
1220
1240
1260
1280
1300
1320
1340
1360
1380
1400
1420
1440
1460
1480
1500
1520
1540
1560
1580
1600
1620
30,135
30,644
31,154
31,665
32,179
32,694
33,212
33,730
34,251
34,773
35,296
35,821
36,347
36,876
37,405
37,935
38,467
39,000
39,535
40,070
40,607
41,145
41,685
42,226
42,769
43,859
44,953
46,051
47,153
48,258
49,369
50,484
51,602
52,724
53,848
54,977
56,108
57,244
58,381
59,522
60,666
61,813
62,963
64,116
65,271
66,427
67,586
68,748
69,911
71,078
72,246
73,417
74,590
76,767
76,944
78,123
23,817
24,242
24,669
25,097
25,527
25,959
26,394
26,829
27,267
27,706
28,125
28,588
29,031
29,476
29,922
30,369
30,818
31,268
31,719
32,171
32,625
33,081
33,537
33,995
34,455
35,378
36,306
37,238
38,174
39,112
40,057
41,006
41,957
42,913
43,871
44,834
45,799
46,768
47,739
48,713
49,691
50,672
51,656
52,643
53,631
54,621
55,614
56,609
57,606
58,606
59,609
60,613
61,620
62,630
63,741
64,653
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
o
h
u
so
T
[kJ/(kmol∙K)]
[kJ/kmol]
[kJ/kmol]
[kJ/(kmol∙K)]
[K]
225.533
225.947
226.357
226.762
227.162
227.559
227.952
228.339
228.724
229.106
229.482
229.856
230.227
230.593
230.957
231.317
231.674
232.028
232.379
232.727
233.072
233.413
233.752
234.088
234.421
235.079
235.728
236.364
236.992
237.609
238.217
238.817
239.407
239.989
240.663
241.128
241.686
242.236
242.780
243.316
243.844
244.366
244.880
245.388
245.889
246.385
246.876
247.360
247.839
248.312
248.778
249.240
249.695
250.147
250.592
251.033
26,358
26,741
27,125
27,510
27,896
28,284
28,672
29,062
29,454
29,846
30,240
30,635
31,032
31,429
31,828
32,228
32,629
33,032
33,436
33,841
34,247
34,653
35,061
35,472
35,882
36,709
37,542
38,380
39,223
40,071
40,923
41,780
42,642
43,509
44,380
45,256
46,137
47,022
47,912
48,807
49,707
50,612
51,521
52,434
53,351
54,273
55,198
56,128
57,062
57,999
58,942
59,888
60,838
61,792
62,748
63,709
20,039
20,339
20,639
20,941
21,245
21,549
21,855
22,162
22,470
22,779
23,090
23,402
23,715
24,029
24,345
24,662
24,980
25,300
25,621
25,943
26,265
26,588
26,913
27,240
27,568
28,228
28,895
29,567
30,243
30,925
31,611
32,301
32,997
33,698
34,403
35,112
35,827
36,546
37,270
38,000
38,732
39,470
40,213
40,960
41,711
42,466
43,226
43,989
44,756
45,528
46,304
47,084
47,868
48,655
49,445
52,240
221.720
222.221
222.717
223.207
223.693
224.174
224.651
225.123
225.592
226.057
226.517
226.973
227.426
227.875
228.321
228.763
229.202
229.637
230.070
230.499
230.924
231.347
231.767
232.184
232.597
233.415
234.223
235.020
235.806
236.584
237.352
238.110
238.859
239.600
240.333
241.057
241.773
242.482
243.183
243.877
244.564
245.243
245.915
246.582
247.241
247.895
248.543
249.185
249.820
250.450
251.074
251.693
252.305
252.912
253.513
254.111
760
770
780
790
800
810
820
830
840
850
860
870
880
890
900
910
920
930
940
950
960
970
980
990
1000
1020
1040
1060
1080
1100
1120
1140
1160
1180
1200
1220
1240
1260
1280
1300
1320
1340
1360
1380
1400
1420
1440
1460
1480
1500
1520
1540
1560
1580
1600
1620
h
u
s
[kJ/(kmol∙K)]
[kJ/kmol]
[kJ/kmol]
254.787
255.452
256.110
256.762
257.408
258.048
258.682
259.311
259.934
260.551
261.164
261.770
262.371
262.968
263.559
264.146
264.728
265.304
265.877
266.444
267.007
267.566
268.119
268.670
269.215
270.293
271.354
272.400
273.430
274.445
275.444
276.430
277.403
278.362
279.307
280.238
281.158
282.066
282.962
283.847
284.722
285.586
286.439
287.283
288.106
288.934
289.743
290.542
291.333
292.114
292.888
292.654
294.411
295.161
295.901
296.632
22,573
22,890
23,208
23,526
23,844
24,164
24,483
24,803
25,124
25,446
25,768
26,091
26,415
26,740
27,066
27,392
27,719
28,046
28,375
28,703
29,033
29,362
29,693
30,024
30,355
31,020
31,688
32,357
33,029
33,702
34,377
35,054
35,733
36,406
37,095
37,780
38,466
39,154
39,884
40,534
41,266
41,919
42,613
43,309
44,007
44,707
45,408
46,110
46,813
47,517
48,222
48,928
49,635
50,344
51,053
51,763
16,255
16,488
16,723
16,957
17,193
17,429
17,665
17,902
18,140
18,379
18,617
18,858
19,099
19,341
19,583
19,826
20,070
20,314
20,559
20,805
21,051
21,298
21,545
21,793
22,041
22,540
23,041
23,544
24,049
24,557
25,065
25,575
26,088
26,602
27,118
27,637
28,426
28,678
29,201
29,725
30,251
30,778
31,306
31,836
32,367
32,900
33,434
33,971
34,508
35,046
35,584
36,124
36,665
37,207
37,750
38,293
T-11
Water Vapor (H2O)
o
Table 9. Ideal Gas Properties of Selected Gases
Oxygen (O2)
Nitrogen (N2)
h
u
so
T
[kJ/(kmol∙K)]
[kJ/kmol]
[kJ/kmol]
[kJ/(kmol∙K)]
[K]
234.091
234.528
234.960
235.387
235.810
236.230
236.644
237.055
237.462
237.864
238.264
238.660
239.051
239.439
239.823
240.203
240.580
240.953
241.323
241.689
242.052
242.411
242.768
243.120
234.471
244.164
244.844
245.513
246.171
246.818
247.454
248.081
248.698
249.307
249.906
250.497
251.079
251.653
252.219
252.776
253.325
253.868
254.404
254.932
255.454
255.968
256.475
256.978
257.474
257.965
258.450
258.928
259.402
259.870
260.333
260.791
22,460
22,772
23,085
23,398
23,714
24,027
24,342
24,658
24,974
25,292
25,610
25,928
26,248
26,568
26,890
27,210
27,532
27,854
28,178
28,501
28,826
29,151
29,476
29,803
30,129
30,784
31,442
32,101
32,762
33,426
34,092
34,760
35,430
36,104
36,777
37,452
38,129
38,807
39,488
40,170
40,853
41,539
42,227
42,915
43,605
44,295
44,988
45,682
46,377
47,073
47,771
48,470
49,168
49,869
50,571
51,275
16,141
16,370
16,599
16,830
17,061
17,292
17,524
17,757
17,990
18,224
18,459
18,695
18,931
19,168
19,407
19,644
19,883
20,122
20,362
20,603
20,844
21,086
21,328
21,571
21,815
22,304
22,795
23,288
23,782
24,280
24,780
25,282
25,786
26,291
26,799
27,308
27,819
28,331
28,845
29,361
29,878
30,398
30,919
31,441
31,964
32,489
33,014
33,543
34,071
34,601
35,133
35,665
36,197
36,732
37,268
37,806
219.301
219.709
220.113
220.512
220.907
221.298
221.684
222.067
222.447
222.822
223.194
223.562
223.927
224.288
224.647
225.002
225.353
225.701
226.047
226.389
226.728
227.064
227.398
227.728
228.057
228.706
229.344
229.973
230.591
231.199
231.799
232.391
232.973
233.549
234.115
234.673
235.223
235.766
236.302
236.831
237.353
237.867
238.376
238.878
239.375
239.865
240.350
240.827
241.301
241.768
242.228
242.685
243.137
243.585
244.028
244.464
760
770
780
790
800
810
820
830
840
850
860
870
880
890
900
910
920
930
940
950
960
970
980
990
1000
1020
1040
1060
1080
1100
1120
1140
1160
1180
1200
1220
1240
1260
1280
1300
1320
1340
1360
1380
1400
1420
1440
1460
1480
1500
1520
1540
1560
1580
1600
1620
T
h
u
s
[K]
[kJ/kmol]
[kJ/kmol]
760
770
780
790
800
810
820
830
840
850
860
870
880
890
900
910
920
930
940
950
960
970
980
990
1000
1020
1040
1060
1080
1100
1120
1140
1160
1180
1200
1220
1240
1260
1280
1300
1320
1340
1360
1380
1400
1420
1440
1460
1480
1500
1520
1540
1560
1580
1600
1620
23,178
23,513
23,850
24,186
24,523
24,861
25,199
25,537
25,877
26,218
26,559
26,899
27,242
27,584
27,928
28,272
28,616
28,960
29,306
29,652
29,999
30,345
30,692
31,041
31,389
32,088
32,789
33,490
34,194
34,899
35,606
36,314
37,023
37,734
38,447
39,162
39,877
40,594
41,312
42,033
42,753
43,475
44,198
44,923
45,648
46,374
47,102
47,831
48,561
49,292
50,024
50,756
51,490
52,224
52,961
53,696
16,859
17,111
17,364
17,618
17,872
18,126
18,382
18,637
18,893
19,150
19,408
19,666
19,925
20,185
20,445
20,706
20,967
21,228
21,491
21,754
22,017
22,280
22,544
22,809
23,075
23,607
24,142
24,677
25,214
25,753
26,294
26,836
27,379
27,923
28,469
29,018
29,568
30,118
30,670
31,224
31,778
32,334
32,891
33,449
34,008
34,567
35,129
35,692
36,256
36,821
37,387
37,952
38,520
39,088
39,658
40,227
o
T-12
Table 9. Ideal Gas Properties of Selected Gases
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
T
h
u
s
[K]
[kJ/kmol]
[kJ/kmol]
1640
1660
1680
1700
1720
1740
1760
1780
1800
1820
1840
1860
1880
1900
1920
1940
1960
1980
2000
2050
2100
2150
2200
2250
2300
2350
2400
2450
2500
2550
2600
2650
2700
2750
2800
2850
2900
2950
3000
3050
3100
3150
3200
3250
79,303
80,486
81,670
82,856
84,043
85,231
86,420
87,612
88,806
90,000
91,196
92,394
93,593
94,793
95,995
97,197
98,401
99,606
100,804
103,835
106,864
109,898
112,939
115,984
119,035
122,091
125,152
128,219
131,290
134,368
137,449
140,533
143,620
146,713
149,808
152,908
156,009
159,117
162,226
165,341
168,456
171,576
174,695
177,822
65,668
66,592
67,702
68,721
69,742
70,764
71,787
72,812
73,840
74,868
75,897
76,929
77,962
78,996
80,031
81,067
82,105
83,144
84,185
86,791
89,404
92,023
94,648
97,277
99,912
102,552
105,197
107,849
110,504
113,166
115,832
118,500
121,172
123,849
126,528
129,212
131,898
134,589
137,283
139,982
142,681
145,385
148,089
150,801
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
o
h
u
so
T
[kJ/(kmol∙K)]
[kJ/kmol]
[kJ/kmol]
[kJ/(kmol∙K)]
[K]
251.470
251.901
252.329
252.751
253.169
253.582
253.991
254.398
254.797
255.194
255.587
255.976
256.361
256.743
257.122
257.497
257.868
258.236
258.600
259.494
260.370
261.226
262.065
262.887
263.692
264.480
265.253
266.012
266.755
267.485
268.202
268.905
269.596
270.285
270.943
271.602
272.249
272.884
273.508
274.123
274.730
275.326
275.914
276.494
64,675
65,643
66,614
67,589
68,567
69,550
70,535
71,523
72,513
73,507
74,506
75,506
76,511
77,517
78,527
79,540
80,555
81,573
82,593
85,156
87,735
90,330
92,940
95,562
98,199
100,846
103,508
106,183
108,868
111,565
114,273
116,991
119,717
122,453
125,198
127,952
130,717
133,486
136,264
139,051
141,846
144,648
147,457
150,272
51,039
51,841
52,646
53,455
54,267
55,083
55,902
56,723
57,547
58,375
59,207
60,042
60,880
61,720
62,564
63,411
64,259
65,111
65,965
68,111
70,275
72,454
74,649
76,855
79,076
81,308
83,553
85,811
88,082
90,364
92,656
94,958
97,269
99,588
101,917
104,256
106,605
108,959
111,321
113,692
116,072
118,458
120,851
123,250
254.703
255.290
255.873
256.450
257.022
257.589
258.151
258.708
259.262
259.811
260.357
260.898
261.436
261.969
262.497
263.022
263.542
264.059
264.571
265.838
267.081
268.301
269.500
270.679
271.839
272.978
274.098
275.201
276.286
277.354
278.407
279.441
280.462
281.464
282.453
283.429
284.390
285.338
286.273
287.194
288.102
288.999
289.884
290.756
1640
1660
1680
1700
1720
1740
1760
1780
1800
1820
1840
1860
1880
1900
1920
1940
1960
1980
2000
2050
2100
2150
2200
2250
2300
2350
2400
2450
2500
2550
2600
2650
2700
2750
2800
2850
2900
2950
3000
3050
3100
3150
3200
3250
h
u
s
[kJ/(kmol∙K)]
[kJ/kmol]
[kJ/kmol]
297.356
298.072
298.781
299.482
300.177
300.863
301.543
302.271
302.884
303.544
304.198
304.845
305.487
306.122
306.751
307.374
307.992
308.604
309.210
310.701
312.160
313.589
314.988
316.356
317.695
319.011
320.302
321.566
322.808
324.026
325.222
326.396
327.549
328.684
329.800
330.896
331.975
333.037
334.084
335.114
336.126
337.124
338.109
339.069
52,472
53,184
53,895
54,609
55,323
56,039
56,756
57,473
58,191
58,910
59,629
60,351
61,072
61,794
62,516
63,238
63,961
64,684
65,408
67,224
69,044
70,864
72,688
74,516
76,345
78,178
80,015
81,852
83,692
85,537
87,383
89,230
91,077
92,930
94,784
96,639
98,495
100,352
102,210
104,073
105,939
107,802
109,667
111,534
38,837
39,382
39,927
40,474
41,023
41,572
42,123
42,673
43,225
43,778
44,331
44,886
45,441
45,997
46,552
47,108
47,665
48,221
48,780
50,179
51,584
52,988
54,396
55,809
57,222
58,640
60,060
61,482
62,906
64,335
65,766
67,197
68,628
70,066
71,504
72,945
74,383
75,825
77,267
78,715
80,164
81,612
83,061
84,513
T-13
Water Vapor (H2O)
o
Table 9. Ideal Gas Properties of Selected Gases
Oxygen (O2)
Nitrogen (N2)
h
u
so
T
[kJ/(kmol∙K)]
[kJ/kmol]
[kJ/kmol]
[kJ/(kmol∙K)]
[K]
261.242
261.690
262.132
262.571
263.005
263.435
263.861
264.283
264.701
265.113
265.521
265.925
266.326
266.722
267.115
267.505
267.891
268.275
268.655
269.588
270.504
271.399
272.278
273.136
273.981
274.809
275.625
276.424
277.207
277.979
278.738
279.485
280.219
280.942
281.654
282.357
283.048
283.728
284.399
285.060
285.713
286.355
286.989
287.614
51,980
52,686
53,393
54,099
54,807
55,516
56,227
56,938
57,651
58,363
59,075
59,790
60,504
61,220
61,936
62,654
63,381
64,090
64,810
66,612
68,417
70,226
72,040
73,856
75,676
77,496
79,320
81,149
82,981
84,814
86,650
88,488
90,328
92,171
94,014
95,859
97,705
99,556
101,407
103,260
105,115
106,972
108,830
110,690
38,344
38,884
39,424
39,965
40,507
41,049
41,594
42,139
42,685
43,231
43,777
44,324
44,873
45,423
45,973
46,524
47,075
47,627
48,181
49,567
50,957
52,351
53,749
55,149
56,553
57,958
59,366
60,779
62,195
63,613
65,033
66,455
67,880
69,306
70,734
72,163
73,593
75,028
76,464
77,902
79,341
80,782
82,224
83,668
244.896
245.324
245.747
246.166
246.580
246.990
247.396
247.798
248.195
248.589
248.979
249.365
249.748
250.128
250.502
250.874
251.242
251.607
251.969
252.858
253.726
254.578
255.412
256.227
257.027
257.810
258.580
259.332
260.073
260.799
261.512
262.213
262.902
263.577
264.241
264.895
265.538
266.170
266.793
267.404
268.007
268.601
269.186
269.763
1640
1660
1680
1700
1720
1740
1760
1780
1800
1820
1840
1860
1880
1900
1920
1940
1960
1980
2000
2050
2100
2150
2200
2250
2300
2350
2400
2450
2500
2550
2600
2650
2700
2750
2800
2850
2900
2950
3000
3050
3100
3150
3200
3250
T
h
u
s
[K]
[kJ/kmol]
[kJ/kmol]
1640
1660
1680
1700
1720
1740
1760
1780
1800
1820
1840
1860
1880
1900
1920
1940
1960
1980
2000
2050
2100
2150
2200
2250
2300
2350
2400
2450
2500
2550
2600
2650
2700
2750
2800
2850
2900
2950
3000
3050
3100
3150
3200
3250
54,434
55,172
55,912
56,652
57,394
58,136
58,800
59,624
60,371
61,118
61,866
62,616
63,365
64,116
64,868
65,620
66,374
67,127
67,881
69,772
71,668
73,573
75,484
77,397
79,316
81,243
83,174
85,112
87,057
89,004
90,956
92,916
94,881
96,852
98,826
100,808
102,793
104,785
106,780
108,778
110,784
112,795
114,809
116,827
40,799
41,370
41,944
42,517
43,093
43,669
44,247
44,825
45,405
45,986
46,568
47,151
47,734
48,319
48,904
49,490
50,078
50,665
51,253
52,727
54,208
55,697
57,192
58,690
60,193
61,704
63,219
64,742
66,271
67,802
69,339
70,883
72,433
73,987
75,546
77,112
78,682
80,258
81,837
83,419
85,009
86,601
88,203
89,804
o
Source: M. J. Moran and H. N. Shapiro, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, 6th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008, pp. 855858 (based on the JANAF Thermochemical Tables, NSRDS-NBS-37, 1971). This material is reproduced with permission of Wiley
Publishing Inc., a subsidiary of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
T-14
Table 10. Properties of Saturated Water (Liquid-Vapor): Temperature Table
Specific Volume
[m3/kg]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid
Vapor
(vf)
(vg)
0.0010002 206.136
0.0010001 157.232
0.0010001 147.120
0.0010001 137.734
0.0010002 120.917
0.0010004 106.379
Specific Internal
Energy
[kJ/kg]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Vapor
(uf)
(ug)
0.00
2375.3
16.77
2380.9
20.97
2382.3
25.19
2383.6
33.59
2386.4
42.00
2389.2
Specific Enthalpy
[kJ/kg]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Evap.
Vapor
(hf)
(hfg)
(hg)
0.01
2501.3 2501.4
16.78
2491.9 2508.7
20.98
2489.6 2510.6
25.20
2487.2 2512.4
33.60
2482.5 2516.1
42.01
2477.7 2519.8
Specific Entropy
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Vapor
(sf)
(sg)
0.0000 9.1562
0.0610 9.0514
0.0761 9.0257
0.0912 9.0003
0.1212 8.9501
0.1510 8.9008
Temp
[oC]
0.01
4
5
6
8
10
Sat
Pressure
[kPa]
0.611
0.813
0.872
0.935
1.072
1.228
11
12
13
14
15
16
1.312
1.402
1.497
1.598
1.705
1.818
0.0010004
0.0010005
0.0010007
0.0010008
0.0010009
0.0010011
99.857
93.784
88.124
82.848
77.926
73.333
46.20
50.41
54.60
58.79
62.99
67.18
2390.5
2391.9
2393.3
2394.7
2396.1
2397.4
46.20
50.41
54.60
58.80
62.99
67.19
2475.4
2473.0
2470.7
2468.3
2465.9
2463.6
2521.6
2523.4
2525.3
2527.1
2528.9
2530.8
0.1658
0.1806
0.1953
0.2099
0.2245
0.2390
8.8765
8.8524
8.8285
8.8048
8.7814
8.7582
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
1.938
2.064
2.198
2.339
2.487
2.645
0.0010012
0.0010014
0.0010016
0.0010018
0.0010020
0.0010022
69.044
65.038
61.293
57.791
54.514
51.447
71.38
75.57
79.96
83.95
88.14
92.32
2398.8
2400.2
2401.6
2402.9
2404.3
2405.7
71.38
75.58
79.77
83.96
88.14
92.33
2461.2
2458.8
2456.5
2454.1
2451.8
2449.4
2532.6
2534.4
2536.2
2538.1
2539.9
2541.7
0.2535
0.2679
0.2823
0.2966
0.3109
0.3251
8.7351
8.7123
8.6897
8.6672
8.6450
8.6229
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
2.810
2.985
3.169
3.363
3.567
3.782
4.008
0.0010024
0.0010027
0.0010029
0.0010032
0.0010035
0.0010037
0.0010040
48.574
45.883
43.360
40.994
38.774
36.690
34.733
96.51
100.70
104.88
109.06
113.25
117.42
121.60
2407.0
2408.4
2409.8
2411.1
2412.5
2413.9
2415.2
96.52
100.70
104.89
109.07
113.25
117.43
121.61
2447.0
2444.7
2442.3
2439.9
2437.6
2435.2
2432.8
2543.5
2545.4
2547.2
2549.0
2550.8
2552.6
2554.5
0.3393
0.3534
0.3674
0.3814
0.3954
0.4093
0.4231
8.6011
8.5794
8.5580
8.5367
8.5156
8.4946
8.4739
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
4.246
4.496
4.759
5.034
5.324
5.628
0.0010043
0.0010046
0.0010050
0.0010053
0.0010056
0.0010060
32.894
31.165
29.540
28.011
26.571
25.216
125.78
129.96
134.14
138.32
142.50
146.67
2416.6
2418.0
2419.3
2420.7
2422.0
2423.4
125.79
129.97
134.15
138.33
142.50
146.68
2430.5
2428.1
2425.7
2423.4
2421.0
2418.6
2556.3
2558.1
2559.9
2561.7
2563.5
2565.3
0.4369
0.4507
0.4644
0.4781
0.4917
0.5053
8.4533
8.4329
8.4127
8.3927
8.3728
8.3531
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
38
40
45
50
5.947
6.632
7.384
9.593
12.35
0.0010063
0.0010071
0.0010078
0.0010099
0.0010121
23.940
21.602
19.523
15.258
12.032
150.85
159.20
167.56
188.44
209.32
2424.7
2427.4
2430.1
2436.8
2443.5
150.86
159.21
167.57
188.45
209.33
2416.2
2411.5
2406.7
2394.8
2382.7
2567.1
2570.7
2574.3
2583.2
2592.1
0.5188
0.5458
0.5725
0.6387
0.7038
8.3336
8.2950
8.2570
8.1648
8.0763
36
38
40
45
50
T-15
Temp
[oC]
0.01
4
5
6
8
10
Table 10. Properties of Saturated Water (Liquid-Vapor): Temperature Table
Specific Volume
[m3/kg]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid
Vapor
(vf)
(vg)
0.0010146
9.568
0.0010172
7.671
0.0010199
6.197
0.0010228
5.042
0.0010259
4.131
0.0010291
3.407
Specific
Internal Energy
[kJ/kg]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Vapor
(uf)
(ug)
230.21 2450.1
251.11 2456.6
272.02 2463.1
292.95 2469.6
313.90 2475.9
334.86 2482.2
Specific Enthalpy
[kJ/kg]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Evap. Vapor
(hf)
(hfg)
(hg)
230.23 2370.7 2600.9
251.13 2358.5 2609.6
272.06 2346.2 2618.3
292.98 2333.8 2626.8
313.93 2321.4 2635.3
334.91 2308.8 2643.7
Specific
Entropy
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Vapor
(sf)
(sg)
0.7679 7.9913
0.8312 7.9096
0.8935 7.8310
0.9549 7.7553
1.0155 7.6824
1.0753 7.6122
Temp
[oC]
55
60
65
70
75
80
Sat
Pressure
[kPa]
15.76
19.94
25.03
31.19
38.58
47.39
85
90
95
100
110
120
57.83
70.14
84.55
101.4
143.3
198.5
0.0010325
0.0010360
0.0010397
0.0010435
0.0010516
0.0010603
2.828
2.361
1.982
1.673
1.210
0.8919
355.84
376.85
397.88
418.94
461.14
503.50
2488.4
2494.5
2500.6
2506.5
2518.1
2529.3
355.90
376.92
397.96
419.04
461.30
503.71
2296.0
2283.2
2270.2
2257.0
2230.2
2202.6
2651.9
2660.1
2668.1
2676.1
2691.5
2706.3
1.1343
1.1925
1.2500
1.3069
1.4185
1.5276
7.5445
7.4791
7.4159
7.3549
7.2387
7.1296
85
90
95
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
270.1
361.3
475.8
617.8
791.7
1002
0.0010697
0.0010797
0.0010905
0.0011020
0.0011143
0.0011274
0.6685
0.5089
0.3928
0.3071
0.2428
0.1941
546.02
588.74
631.68
674.86
718.33
762.09
2539.9
2550.0
2559.5
2568.4
2576.5
2583.7
546.31
589.13
632.20
675.55
719.21
763.22
2174.2
2144.7
2114.3
2082.6
2049.5
2015.0
2720.5
2733.9
2746.5
2758.1
2768.7
2778.2
1.6344
1.7391
1.8418
1.9427
2.0419
2.1396
7.0269
6.9299
6.8379
6.7502
6.6663
6.5857
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
1254
1554
1906
2318
2795
3344
3973
0.0011414
0.0011565
0.0011726
0.0011900
0.0012088
0.0012291
0.0012512
0.1565
0.1274
0.1044
0.08619
0.07158
0.05976
0.05013
806.19
850.65
895.53
940.87
986.74
1033.2
1080.4
2590.0
2595.3
2599.5
2602.4
2603.9
2604.0
2602.4
807.62
852.45
897.76
943.62
990.12
1037.3
1085.4
1978.8
1940.7
1900.7
1858.5
1813.8
1766.5
1716.2
2786.4
2793.2
2798.5
2802.1
2804.0
2803.8
2801.5
2.2359
2.3309
2.4248
2.5178
2.6099
2.7015
2.7927
6.5079
6.4323
6.3585
6.2861
6.2146
6.1437
6.0730
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
320
4688
5499
6412
7436
8581
11,270
0.0012755
0.0013023
0.0013321
0.0013656
0.0014036
0.0014988
0.04221
0.03564
0.03017
0.02557
0.02167
0.01549
1128.4
1177.4
1227.5
1278.9
1332.0
1444.6
2599.0
2593.7
2586.1
2576.0
2563.0
2525.5
1134.4
1184.5
1236.0
1289.1
1344.0
1461.5
1662.5
1605.2
1543.6
1477.1
1404.9
1238.6
2796.6
2789.7
2779.6
2766.2
2749.0
2700.1
2.8838
2.9751
3.0668
3.1594
3.2534
3.4480
6.0019
5.9301
5.8571
5.7821
5.7045
5.5362
260
270
280
290
300
320
340
360
374.14
14,590
18,650
22,090
0.0016379
0.0018925
0.003155
0.01080
0.006945
0.003155
1570.3
1725.2
2029.6
2464.6
2351.5
2029.6
1594.2
1760.5
2099.3
1027.9
720.5
0
2622.0
2481.0
2099.3
3.6594
3.9147
4.4298
5.3357
5.0526
4.4298
340
360
374.14
Temp
[oC]
55
60
65
70
75
80
Source: Tables 10 through 13 are extracted from J. H. Keenan, F. G. Keyes, P. G. Hill, and J. G. Moore, Steam Tables, Wiley, New York,
1969. This material is reproduced with permission of Wiley Publishing Inc., a subsidiary of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
T-16
Table 11. Properties of Saturated Water (Liquid-Vapor): Pressure [kPa] Table
Press.
(P)
[kPa]
4
6
8
10
20
30
Sat
Temp.
(Tsat)
[oC]
28.96
36.16
41.51
45.81
60.06
69.10
Specific Volume
[m3/kg]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid
Vapor
(vf)
(vg)
0.0010040 34.800
0.0010064 23.739
0.0010084 18.103
0.0010102 14.674
0.0010172
7.649
0.0010223
5.229
Specific Internal
Energy
[kJ/kg]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Vapor
(uf)
(ug)
121.45 2415.2
151.53 2425.0
173.87 2432.2
191.82 2437.9
251.38 2456.7
289.20 2468.4
Specific Enthalpy
[kJ/kg]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid
Evap.
Vapor
(hf)
(hfg)
(hg)
121.46 2432.9 2554.4
151.53 2415.9 2567.4
173.88 2403.1 2477.0
191.83 2392.8 2584.7
251.40 2358.3 2609.7
289.23 2336.1 2625.3
Specific Entropy
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Vapor
(sf)
(sg)
0.4226 8.4746
0.5210 8.3304
0.5926 8.2287
0.6493 8.1502
0.8320 7.9085
0.9439 7.7686
40
50
60
70
80
90
75.87
81.33
85.94
89.95
93.50
96.71
0.0010265
0.0010300
0.0010331
0.0010360
0.0010380
0.0010410
3.993
3.240
2.732
2.365
2.087
1.869
317.53
340.44
359.79
376.63
391.58
405.06
2477.0
2483.9
2489.6
2494.5
2498.8
2502.6
317.58
340.49
359.86
376.70
391.66
405.15
2319.2
2305.4
2293.6
2283.3
2274.1
2265.7
2636.8
2645.9
2653.5
2660.0
2665.8
2670.9
1.0259
1.0910
1.1453
1.1919
1.2329
1.2695
7.6700
7.5939
7.5320
7.4797
7.4346
7.3949
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
150
200
250
300
350
99.63
111.4
120.2
127.4
133.6
138.9
0.0010432
0.0010528
0.0010605
0.0010672
0.0010732
0.0010786
1.694
1.159
0.8857
0.7187
0.6058
0.5243
417.36
466.94
504.49
535.10
561.15
583.95
2506.1
2519.7
2529.5
2537.2
2543.6
2546.9
417.46
467.11
504.70
535.37
561.47
584.33
2258.0
2226.5
2201.9
2181.5
2163.8
2148.1
2675.5
2693.6
2706.7
2716.9
2725.3
2732.4
1.3026
1.4336
1.5301
1.6072
1.6718
1.7275
7.3594
7.2233
7.1271
7.0527
6.9919
6.9405
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
143.6
147.9
151.9
158.9
165.0
170.4
175.4
0.0010836
0.0010882
0.0010926
0.0011006
0.0011080
0.0011148
0.0011212
0.4625
0.4140
0.3749
0.3157
0.2729
0.2404
0.2150
604.31
622.25
639.68
669.90
696.44
720.22
741.83
2553.6
2557.6
2561.2
2567.4
2572.5
2576.8
2580.5
604.74
623.25
640.23
670.56
697.22
721.11
742.83
2133.8
2120.7
2108.5
2086.3
2066.3
2048.0
2031.1
2738.6
2743.9
2748.7
2756.8
2763.5
2769.1
2773.9
1.7766
1.8207
1.8607
1.9312
1.9922
2.0462
2.0946
6.8959
6.8565
6.8212
6.7600
6.7080
6.6628
6.6226
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
T-17
Press.
(P)
[kPa]
4
6
8
10
20
30
Table 11. Properties of Saturated Water (Liquid-Vapor): Pressure [MPa] Table
Press.
(P)
[MPa]
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
Sat
Temp.
(Tsat)
[oC]
179.9
198.3
212.4
224.0
233.9
242.6
Specific Volume
[m3/kg]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid
Vapor
(vf)
(vg)
0.0011273 0.1944
0.0011539 0.1318
0.0011767 0.09963
0.0011973 0.07998
0.0012165 0.06668
0.0012347 0.05707
Specific Internal
Energy
[kJ/kg]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Vapor
(uf)
(ug)
761.68 2583.6
843.16 2594.5
906.44 2600.3
959.11 2603.1
1004.8 2604.1
1045.4 2603.7
Specific Enthalpy
[kJ/kg]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid
Evap.
Vapor
(hf)
(hfg)
(hg)
762.81 2015.3 2778.1
844.84 1947.3 2792.2
908.79 1890.7 2799.5
962.11 1841.0 2803.1
1008.4 1795.7 2804.2
1049.8 1753.7 2803.4
Specific Entropy
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Vapor
(sf)
(sg)
2.1387 6.5863
2.3150 6.4448
2.4474 6.3409
2.5547 6.2575
2.6457 6.1869
2.7253 6.1253
4.0
4.5
5
6
7
8
250.4
257.5
264.0
275.6
285.9
295.1
0.0012522
0.0012692
0.0012859
0.0013187
0.0013513
0.0013842
0.04978
0.04406
0.03944
0.03244
0.02737
0.02352
1082.3
1116.2
1147.8
1205.4
1257.6
1305.6
2602.3
2600.1
2597.1
2589.7
2580.5
2569.8
1087.3
1121.9
1154.2
1213.4
1267.0
1316.6
1714.1
1676.4
1640.1
1571.0
1505.1
1441.3
2801.4
2798.3
2794.3
2784.3
2772.1
2758.0
2.7964
2.8610
2.9202
3.0267
3.1211
3.2068
6.0701
6.0199
5.9734
5.8892
5.8133
5.7432
4
4.5
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
303.4
311.1
318.2
324.8
330.9
336.8
0.0014178
0.0014524
0.0014886
0.0015267
0.0015671
0.0016107
0.02048
0.01803
0.01599
0.01426
0.01278
0.01149
1350.5
1393.0
1433.7
1473.0
1511.1
1548.6
2557.8
2544.4
2529.8
2513.7
2496.1
2476.8
1363.3
1407.6
1450.1
1491.3
1531.5
1571.1
1378.9
1317.1
1255.5
1193.6
1130.7
1066.5
2742.1
2724.7
2705.6
2684.9
2662.2
2637.6
3.2858
3.3596
3.4295
3.4962
3.5606
3.6232
5.6772
5.6141
5.5527
5.4924
5.4323
5.3717
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22.09
342.2
347.4
352.4
357.1
361.5
365.8
374.1
0.0016581
0.0017107
0.0017702
0.0018397
0.0019243
0.002036
0.003155
0.01034
1585.6
1622.7
1660.2
1698.9
1739.9
1785.6
2029.6
2455.5
2431.7
2405.0
2374.3
2338.1
2293.0
2029.6
1610.5
1650.1
1690.3
1732.0
1776.5
1826.3
2099.3
1000.0
930.6
856.9
777.1
688.0
583.4
0
2610.5
2580.6
2547.2
2509.1
2464.5
2409.7
2099.3
3.6848
3.7461
3.8079
3.8715
3.9388
4.0139
4.4298
5.3098
5.2455
5.1777
5.1044
5.0228
4.9269
4.4298
15
16
17
18
19
20
22.09
0.009306
0.008364
0.007489
0.006657
0.005834
0.003155
T-18
Press.
(P)
[MPa]
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Table 12. Properties of Superheated Water Vapor
T
[oC]
v
[m3/kg]
u
[kJ/kg]
h
[kJ/kg]
s
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
v
[m3/kg]
P = 6 kPa = 0.006 MPa (Tsat = 36.16oC)
Sat.
80
120
160
200
240
280
320
360
400
440
500
23.739
27.132
30.219
33.302
36.383
39.462
42.540
45.618
48.696
51.774
54.851
59.467
2425.0
2487.3
2544.7
2602.7
2661.4
2721.0
2781.5
2843.0
2905.5
2969.0
3033.5
3132.3
2567.4
2650.1
2726.0
2802.5
2879.7
2957.8
3036.8
3116.7
3197.7
3279.6
3362.6
3489.1
Sat.
120
160
200
240
280
320
360
400
440
500
600
2.365
2.434
2.571
2.841
3.108
3.374
3.640
3.905
4.170
4.434
4.698
5.095
2494.5
2509.7
2539.7
2599.4
2659.1
2719.3
2780.2
2842.0
2904.6
2968.2
3032.9
3131.8
2660.0
2680.0
2719.6
2798.2
2876.7
2955.5
3035.0
3115.3
3196.5
3278.6
3361.8
3488.5
h
[kJ/kg]
s
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
8.3304
8.5804
8.7840
8.9693
9.1398
9.2982
9.4464
9.5859
9.7180
9.8435
9.9633
10.1336
4.526
4.625
5.163
5.696
6.228
6.758
7.287
7.815
8.344
8.872
9.400
10.192
2473.0
2483.7
2542.4
2601.2
2660.4
2720.3
2780.9
2842.5
2905.1
2968.6
3033.2
3132.1
2631.4
2645.6
2723.1
2800.6
2878.4
2956.8
3036.0
3116.1
3197.1
3279.2
3362.2
3488.8
7.7158
7.7564
7.9644
8.1519
8.3237
8.4828
8.6314
8.7712
8.9034
9.0291
9.1490
9.3194
7.4797
7.5341
7.6375
7.8279
8.0012
8.1611
8.3162
8.4504
8.5828
8.7086
8.8286
8.9991
1.694
1.696
1.793
1.984
2.172
2.359
2.546
2.732
2.917
3.103
3.288
3.565
2506.1
2506.7
2537.3
2597.8
2658.1
2718.5
2779.6
2841.5
2904.2
2967.9
3032.6
3131.6
2675.5
2676.2
2716.6
2796.2
2875.3
2954.5
3034.2
3114.6
3195.9
3278.2
3361.4
3488.1
7.3594
7.3614
7.4668
7.6597
7.8343
7.9949
8.1445
8.2849
8.4175
8.5435
8.6636
8.8342
P = 300 kPa = 0.30 MPa (Tsat = 133.55oC)
1.159
1.188
1.317
1.444
1.570
1.695
1.819
1.943
2.067
2.191
2.376
2.685
0.606
2543.6
2725.3
6.9919
0.651
0.716
0.781
0.844
0.907
0.969
1.032
1.094
1.187
1.341
2587.1
2650.7
2713.1
2775.4
2838.1
2901.4
2965.6
3030.6
3130.0
3300.8
2782.3
2865.5
2947.3
3028.6
3110.1
3192.2
3275.0
3358.7
3486.0
3703.2
7.1276
7.3115
7.4774
7.6299
7.7722
7.9061
8.0330
8.1538
8.3251
8.5892
2693.6
2711.4
2792.8
2872.9
2952.7
3032.8
3113.5
3195.0
3277.4
3360.7
3487.6
3704.3
Sat.
80
120
160
200
240
280
320
360
400
440
500
P = 100 kPa = 0.10 MPa (Tsat = 99.63oC)
P = 150 kPa = 0.15 MPa (Tsat = 111.37oC)
2519.7
2533.3
2595.2
2656.2
2717.2
2778.6
2840.6
2903.5
2967.3
3032.1
3131.2
3301.7
T
[oC]
P = 35 kPa = 0.035 MPa (Tsat = 72.69oC)
P = 70 kPa = 0.07 MPa (Tsat = 89.95oC)
Sat.
100
120
160
200
240
280
320
360
400
440
500
u
[kJ/kg]
7.2233
7.2693
7.4665
7.6433
7.8052
7.9555
8.0964
8.2293
8.3555
8.4757
8.6466
8.9101
T-19
Sat.
100
120
160
200
240
280
320
360
400
440
500
Sat.
120
160
200
240
280
320
360
400
440
500
600
Table 12. Properties of Superheated Water Vapor
T
[oC]
Sat.
180
200
240
280
320
360
400
440
500
600
700
Sat.
200
240
280
320
360
400
440
500
540
600
640
Sat.
240
280
320
360
400
440
500
540
600
640
700
v
[m3/kg]
u
[kJ/kg]
h
[kJ/kg]
s
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
v
[m3/kg]
u
[kJ/kg]
h
[kJ/kg]
s
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
P = 500 kPa = 0.50 MPa (Tsat = 151.86oC)
P = 700 kPa = 0.70 MPa (Tsat = 164.97oC)
0.3749
0.4045
0.4249
0.4646
0.5034
0.5416
0.5796
0.6173
0.6548
0.7109
0.8041
0.8969
0.2729
0.2847
0.2999
0.3292
0.3574
0.3852
0.4126
0.4397
0.4667
0.5070
0.5738
0.6403
2561.2
2609.7
2642.9
2707.6
2771.2
2834.7
2898.7
2963.2
3028.6
3128.4
3299.6
3477.5
2748.7
2812.0
2855.4
2939.9
3022.9
3105.6
3188.4
3271.9
3356.0
3483.9
3701.7
3925.9
6.8213
6.9656
7.0592
7.2307
7.3865
7.5308
7.6660
7.7938
7.9152
8.0873
8.3522
8.5952
2572.5
2599.8
2634.8
2701.8
2766.9
2831.3
2895.8
2960.9
3026.6
3126.8
3298.5
3476.6
2763.5
2799.1
2844.8
2932.2
3017.1
3100.9
3184.7
3268.7
3353.3
3481.7
3700.2
3924.8
6.7080
6.7880
6.8865
7.0641
7.2233
7.3697
7.5063
7.6350
7.7571
7.9299
8.1956
8.4391
P = 1000 kPa = 1.0 MPa (Tsat = 179.91oC)
P = 1500 kPa = 1.5 MPa (Tsat = 198.32oC)
0.1944
0.2060
0.2275
0.2480
0.2678
0.2873
0.3066
0.3257
0.3541
0.3729
0.4011
0.4198
0.1318
0.1325
0.1483
0.1627
0.1765
0.1899
0.2030
0.2160
0.2352
0.2478
0.2668
0.2793
2583.6
2621.9
2692.9
2760.2
2826.1
2891.6
2957.3
3023.6
3124.4
3192.6
3296.8
3367.4
2778.1
2827.9
2920.4
3008.2
3093.9
3178.9
3263.9
3349.3
3478.5
3565.6
3697.9
3787.2
6.5865
6.6940
6.8817
7.0465
7.1962
7.3349
7.4651
7.5883
7.7622
7.8720
8.0290
8.1290
2594.5
2598.1
2676.9
2748.6
2817.1
2884.4
2951.3
3018.5
3120.3
3189.1
3293.9
3364.8
2792.2
2796.8
2899.3
2992.7
3081.9
3169.2
3255.8
3342.5
3473.1
3560.9
3694.0
3783.8
6.4448
6.4546
6.6628
6.8381
6.9938
7.1363
7.2690
7.3940
7.5698
7.6805
7.8385
7.9391
P = 2000 kPa = 2.0 MPa (Tsat = 212.42oC)
P = 3000 kPa = 3.0 MPa (Tsat = 233.90oC)
0.0996
0.1085
0.1200
0.1308
0.1411
0.1512
0.1611
0.1757
0.1853
0.1996
0.2091
0.2232
0.0667
0.0682
0.0771
0.0850
0.0923
0.0994
0.1062
0.1162
0.1227
0.1324
0.1388
0.1484
2600.3
2659.6
2736.4
2807.9
2877.0
2945.2
3013.4
3116.2
3185.6
3290.9
3362.2
3470.9
2799.5
2876.5
2976.4
3069.5
3159.3
3247.6
3335.5
3467.6
3556.1
3690.1
3780.4
3917.4
6.3409
6.4952
6.6828
6.8452
6.9917
7.1271
7.2540
7.4317
7.5434
7.7024
7.8035
7.9487
T-20
2604.1
2619.7
2709.9
2788.4
2861.7
2932.8
3002.9
3108.0
3178.4
3285.0
3357.0
3466.5
2804.2
2824.3
2941.3
3043.4
3138.7
3230.9
3321.5
3456.5
3546.6
3682.3
3773.5
3911.7
6.1869
6.2265
6.4462
6.6245
6.7801
6.9212
7.0520
7.2338
7.3474
7.5085
7.6106
7.7571
T
[oC]
Sat.
180
200
240
280
320
360
400
440
500
600
700
Sat.
200
240
280
320
360
400
440
500
540
600
640
Sat.
240
280
320
360
400
440
500
540
600
640
700
Table 12. Properties of Superheated Water Vapor
T
[oC]
v
[m3/kg]
u
[kJ/kg]
h
[kJ/kg]
s
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
v
[m3/kg]
P = 4000 kPa = 4.0 MPa (Tsat = 250.4oC)
Sat.
280
320
360
400
440
500
540
600
640
700
740
0.04978
0.05546
0.06199
0.06788
0.07341
0.07872
0.08643
0.09145
0.09885
0.1037
0.1110
0.1157
2602.3
2680.0
2767.4
2845.7
2919.9
2992.2
3099.5
3171.1
3279.1
3351.8
3462.1
3536.6
2801.4
2901.8
3015.4
3117.2
3213.6
3307.1
3445.3
3536.9
3674.4
3766.6
3905.9
3999.6
0.02352
0.02682
0.03089
0.03432
0.03742
0.04034
0.04313
0.04582
0.04845
0.05102
0.05481
0.05729
2569.8
2662.7
2772.7
2863.8
2946.7
3025.7
3102.7
3178.7
3254.4
3330.1
3443.9
3520.4
2758.0
2877.2
3019.8
3138.3
3246.1
3348.4
3447.7
3545.3
3642.0
3738.3
3882.4
3978.7
6.0701
6.2568
6.4553
6.6215
6.7690
6.9041
7.0901
7.2056
7.3688
7.4720
7.6198
7.7141
0.03244
0.03317
0.03876
0.04331
0.04739
0.05122
0.05665
0.06015
0.06525
0.06859
0.07352
0.07677
0.01426
0.01811
0.02108
0.02355
0.02576
0.02781
0.02977
0.03164
0.03345
0.03610
0.03781
2513.7
2678.4
2798.3
2896.1
2984.4
3068.0
3149.0
3228.7
3307.5
3425.2
3503.7
2684.9
2895.7
3051.3
3178.7
3293.5
3401.8
3506.2
3608.3
3709.0
3858.4
3957.4
s
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
T
[oC]
2589.7
2605.2
2720.0
2811.2
2892.9
2970.0
3082.2
3156.1
3266.9
3341.0
3453.1
3528.3
2784.3
2804.2
2952.6
3071.1
3177.2
3277.3
3422.2
3517.0
3658.4
3752.6
3894.1
3989.2
5.8892
5.9252
6.1846
6.3782
6.5408
6.6853
6.8803
6.9999
7.1677
7.2731
7.4234
7.5190
Sat.
280
320
360
400
440
500
540
600
640
700
740
P = 10,000 kPa = 10.0 MPa
(Tsat = 311.06oC)
5.7432
5.9489
6.1819
6.3634
6.5190
6.6586
6.7871
6.9072
7.0206
7.1283
7.2812
7.3782
0.01803
0.01925
0.02331
0.02641
0.02911
0.03160
0.03394
0.03619
0.03837
0.04048
0.04358
0.04560
P = 12,000 kPa = 12.0 MPa
(Tsat = 324.75oC)
Sat.
360
400
440
480
520
560
600
640
700
740
h
[kJ/kg]
P = 6000 kPa = 6.0 MPa (Tsat = 275.64oC)
P = 8000 kPa = 8.0 MPa (Tsat = 295.06oC)
Sat.
320
360
400
440
480
520
560
600
640
700
740
u
[kJ/kg]
2544.4
2588.8
2729.1
2832.4
2922.1
3005.4
3085.6
3164.1
3241.7
3318.9
3434.7
3512.1
2724.7
2781.3
2962.1
3096.5
3213.2
3321.4
3425.1
3526.0
3625.3
3723.7
3870.5
3968.1
5.6141
5.7103
6.0060
6.2120
6.3805
6.5282
6.6622
6.7864
6.9029
7.0131
7.1687
7.2670
Sat.
320
360
400
440
480
520
560
600
640
700
740
P = 14,000 kPa = 14.0 MPa
(Tsat = 336.75oC)
5.4924
5.8361
6.0747
6.2586
6.4154
6.5555
6.6840
6.8037
6.9164
7.0749
7.1746
0.01149
0.01422
0.01722
0.01954
0.02157
0.02343
0.02517
0.02683
0.02843
0.03075
0.03225
T-21
2476.8
2617.4
2760.9
2868.6
2962.5
3049.8
3133.6
3215.4
3296.0
3415.7
3495.2
2637.6
2816.5
3001.9
3142.2
3264.5
3377.8
3486.0
3591.1
3694.1
3846.2
3946.7
5.3717
5.6602
5.9448
6.1474
6.3143
6.4610
6.5941
6.7172
6.8326
6.9939
7.0952
Sat.
360
400
440
480
520
560
600
640
700
740
Table 12. Properties of Superheated Water Vapor
T
[oC]
v
[m3/kg]
u
[kJ/kg]
h
[kJ/kg]
s
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
v
[m3/kg]
P = 16,000 kPa = 16.0 MPa
(Tsat = 347.44oC)
Sat.
360
400
440
480
520
560
600
640
700
740
0.00931
0.01105
0.01426
0.01652
0.01842
0.02013
0.02172
0.02323
0.02467
0.02674
0.02808
2431.7
2539.0
2719.4
2839.4
2939.7
3031.1
3117.8
3201.8
3284.2
3406.0
3486.7
2580.6
2715.8
2947.6
3103.7
3234.4
3353.3
3465.4
3573.5
3678.9
3833.9
3935.9
0.00583
0.00994
0.01222
0.01399
0.01551
0.01689
0.01818
0.01940
0.02113
0.02224
0.02385
2293.0
2619.3
2774.9
2891.2
2992.0
3085.2
3174.0
3260.2
3386.4
3469.3
3592.7
2409.7
2818.1
3019.4
3170.8
3302.2
3423.0
3537.6
3648.1
3809.0
3914.1
4069.7
5.2455
5.4614
5.8175
6.0429
6.2215
6.3752
6.5132
6.6399
6.7580
6.9224
7.0251
0.00749
0.00809
0.01190
0.01414
0.01596
0.01757
0.01904
0.02042
0.02174
0.02362
0.02483
0.00383
0.00712
0.00885
0.01020
0.01136
0.01241
0.01338
0.01473
0.01558
0.01680
0.01873
2223.5
2613.2
2780.8
2906.8
3015.7
3115.6
3210.3
3346.1
3433.9
3563.1
3774.3
2330.7
2812.6
3028.5
3192.3
3333.7
3463.0
3584.8
3758.4
3870.0
4033.4
4298.8
s
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
T
[oC]
2374.3
2418.9
2672.8
2808.2
2915.9
3011.8
3101.7
3188.0
3272.3
3396.3
3478.0
2509.1
2564.5
2887.0
3062.8
3203.2
3378.0
3444.4
3555.6
3663.6
3821.5
3925.0
5.1044
5.1922
5.6887
5.9428
6.1345
6.2960
6.4392
6.5696
6.6905
6.8580
6.9623
Sat.
360
400
440
480
520
560
600
640
700
740
P = 24,000 kPa = 24.0 MPa
4.9269
5.5540
5.8450
6.0518
6.2218
6.3705
6.5048
6.6286
6.7993
6.9052
7.0544
0.00673
0.00929
0.01100
0.01241
0.01366
0.01481
0.01588
0.01739
0.01835
0.01974
P = 28,000 kPa = 28.0 MPa
400
440
480
520
560
600
640
700
740
800
900
h
[kJ/kg]
P = 18,000 kPa = 18.0 MPa
(Tsat = 357.06oC)
P = 20,000 kPa = 20.0 MPa
(Tsat = 365.81oC)
Sat.
400
440
480
520
560
600
640
700
740
800
u
[kJ/kg]
2477.8
2700.6
2838.3
2950.5
3051.1
3145.2
3235.5
3366.4
3451.7
3578.0
2639.4
2923.4
3102.3
3248.5
3379.0
3500.7
3616.7
3783.8
3892.1
4051.6
5.2393
5.6506
5.8950
6.0842
6.2448
6.3875
6.5174
6.6947
6.8038
6.9567
Sat.
400
440
480
520
560
600
640
700
740
800
P = 32,000 kPa = 32.0 MPa
4.7494
5.4494
5.7446
5.9566
6.1307
6.2823
6.4187
6.6029
6.7153
6.8720
7.1084
0.00236
0.00544
0.00722
0.00853
0.00963
0.01061
0.01150
0.01273
0.01350
0.01460
0.01633
T-22
1980.4
2509.0
2718.1
2860.7
2979.0
3085.3
3184.5
3325.4
3415.9
3548.0
3762.7
2055.9
2683.0
2949.2
3133.7
3287.2
3424.6
3552.5
3732.8
3847.8
4015.1
4285.1
4.3239
5.2327
5.5968
5.8357
6.0246
6.1858
6.3290
6.5203
6.6361
6.7996
7.0372
400
440
480
520
560
600
640
700
740
800
900
Table 13. Properties of Compressed Liquid Water
T
[oC]
v
[m3/kg]
u
[kJ/kg]
h
[kJ/kg]
s
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
v
[m3/kg]
P = 2500 kPa = 2.5 MPa (Tsat = 223.99oC)
20
40
80
100
140
180
200
220
Sat.
0.0010006
0.0010067
0.0010280
0.0010423
0.0010784
0.0011261
0.0011555
0.0011898
0.0011973
83.80
167.25
334.29
418.24
587.82
761.16
849.9
940.7
959.1
86.30
169.77
336.86
420.85
590.52
763.97
852.8
943.7
962.1
0.0009984
0.0010045
0.0010256
0.0010397
0.0010752
0.0011219
0.0011835
0.0012696
0.0013677
83.50
166.64
333.15
416.81
585.72
758.13
936.2
1124.4
1282.0
90.99
174.18
340.84
424.62
593.78
766.55
945.1
1134.0
1292.2
0.2961
0.5715
1.0737
1.3050
1.7369
2.1375
2.3294
2.5174
2.5546
0.0009995
0.0010056
0.0010268
0.0010410
0.0010768
0.0011240
0.0011530
0.0011866
0.0012859
0.0009953
0.0010013
0.0010222
0.0010361
0.0010707
0.0011159
0.0011748
0.0012550
0.0013770
0.0016581
83.06
165.76
331.48
414.74
582.66
753.76
929.9
1114.6
1316.6
1585.6
97.99
180.78
346.81
430.28
598.72
770.50
947.5
1133.4
1337.3
1610.5
0.2950
0.5696
1.0704
1.3011
1.7317
2.1308
2.5083
2.8763
3.1649
0.0009972
0.0010034
0.0010245
0.0010385
0.0010737
0.0011199
0.0011805
0.0012645
0.0014524
0.0009907
0.0009971
0.0010313
0.0011344
0.0013442
82.47
164.60
412.08
834.5
1296.6
107.24
189.52
437.85
862.8
1330.2
T
[oC]
83.65
166.95
333.72
417.52
586.76
759.63
848.1
938.4
1147.8
88.65
171.97
338.85
422.72
592.15
765.25
853.9
944.4
1154.2
0.2956
0.5705
1.0720
1.3030
1.7343
2.1341
2.3255
2.5128
2.9202
20
40
80
100
140
180
200
220
Sat.
83.36
166.35
332.59
416.12
584.68
756.65
934.1
1121.1
1393.0
93.33
176.38
342.83
426.50
595.42
767.84
945.9
1133.7
1407.6
0.2945
0.5686
1.0688
1.2992
1.7292
2.1275
2.5039
2.8699
3.3596
20
40
80
100
140
180
220
260
Sat.
P = 20,000 kPa = 20.0 MPa
(Tsat = 365.81oC)
0.2934
0.5666
1.0656
1.2955
1.7242
2.1210
2.4953
2.8576
3.2260
3.6848
0.0009928
0.0009992
0.0010199
0.0010337
0.0010678
0.0011120
0.0011693
0.0012462
0.0013596
0.002036
P = 25,000 kPa = 25 MPa
20
40
100
200
300
s
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
P = 10,000 kPa = 10.0 MPa
(Tsat = 311.06oC)
P = 15,000 kPa = 15.0 MPa
(Tsat = 342.24oC)
20
40
80
100
140
180
220
260
300
Sat.
h
[kJ/kg]
P = 5000 kPa = 5.0 MPa (Tsat = 263.99oC)
P = 7500 kPa = 7.5 MPa (Tsat = 290.59oC)
20
40
80
100
140
180
220
260
Sat.
u
[kJ/kg]
82.77
165.17
330.40
431.39
580.69
750.95
925.9
1108.6
1306.1
1785.6
102.62
185.16
350.80
434.06
602.04
773.20
949.3
1133.5
1333.3
1826.3
0.2923
0.5646
1.0624
1.2917
1.7193
2.1147
2.4870
2.8459
3.2071
4.0139
20
40
80
100
140
180
220
260
300
Sat.
P = 30,000 kPa = 30.0 MPa
0.2911
0.5626
1.2881
2.2961
3.1900
0.0009886
0.0009951
0.0010290
0.0011302
0.0013304
T-23
82.17
164.04
410.78
831.4
1287.9
111.84
193.89
441.66
865.3
1327.8
0.2899
0.5607
1.2844
2.2893
3.1741
20
40
100
200
300
Table 14. Properties of Saturated Refrigerant 134a (Liquid-Vapor): Temperature Table
Temp
[oC]
–40
–36
–32
–28
–26
–24
–22
–20
–18
–16
–12
–8
–4
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
48
52
56
60
70
80
90
100
Sat
Pressure
[kPa]
51.64
63.32
77.04
93.05
101.99
111.60
121.92
132.99
144.83
157.48
185.40
217.04
252.74
292.82
337.65
387.56
442.94
504.16
571.60
645.66
685.30
726.75
770.06
815.28
862.47
911.68
962.98
1016.4
1072.0
1129.9
1252.6
1385.1
1527.8
1681.3
2116.2
2632.4
3243.5
3974.2
Specific Volume
[m3/kg]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid
Vapor
(vf)
(vg)
0.0007055 0.3569
0.0007113 0.2947
0.0007172 0.2451
0.0007233 0.2052
0.0007265 0.1882
0.0007296 0.1728
0.0007328 0.1590
0.0007361 0.1464
0.0007395 0.1350
0.0007428 0.1247
0.0007498 0.1068
0.0007569 0.0919
0.0007644 0.0794
0.0007721 0.0689
0.0007801 0.0600
0.0007884 0.0525
0.0007971 0.0460
0.0008062 0.0405
0.0008157 0.0358
0.0008257 0.0317
0.0008309 0.0298
0.0008362 0.0281
0.0008417 0.0265
0.0008473 0.0250
0.0008530 0.0236
0.0008590 0.0223
0.0008651 0.0210
0.0008714 0.0199
0.0008780 0.0188
0.0008847 0.0177
0.0008989 0.0159
0.0009142 0.0142
0.0009308 0.0127
0.0009488 0.0114
0.0010027 0.0086
0.0010766 0.0064
0.0011949 0.0046
0.0015443 0.0027
Specific Internal
Energy
[kJ/kg]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Vapor
(uf)
(ug)
–0.04
204.45
4.68
206.73
9.47
209.01
14.31
211.29
16.75
212.43
19.21
213.57
21.68
214.70
24.17
245.84
26.67
216.97
29.18
218.10
34.25
220.36
39.38
222.60
44.56
224.84
49.79
227.06
55.08
229.27
60.43
231.46
65.83
223.63
71.29
235.78
76.80
237.91
82.37
240.01
85.18
241.05
88.00
242.08
90.84
243.10
93.70
244.12
96.58
245.12
99.47
246.11
102.38 247.09
105.30 248.06
108.25 249.02
111.22 249.96
117.22 251.79
123.31 253.55
129.51 255.23
135.82 256.81
152.22 260.15
169.88 262.14
189.82 261.34
218.60 248.49
Specific Enthalpy
[kJ/kg]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Evap.
Vapor
(hf)
(hfg)
(hg)
0.00
222.88 222.88
4.73
220.67 225.40
9.52
218.37 227.90
14.37
216.01 230.38
16.82
214.80 231.62
19.29
213.57 232.85
21.77
212.32 234.08
24.26
211.05 235.31
26.77
209.76 236.53
29.30
208.45 237.74
34.39
205.77 240.15
39.54
203.00 242.54
44.75
200.15 244.90
50.02
197.21 247.23
55.35
194.19 249.53
60.73
191.07 251.80
66.18
187.85 254.03
71.69
184.52 256.22
77.26
181.09 258.36
82.90
177.55 260.45
85.75
175.73 261.48
88.61
173.89 262.50
91.49
172.00 263.50
94.39
170.09 264.48
97.31
168.14 265.45
100.25 166.15 266.40
103.21 164.12 267.33
106.19 162.05 268.24
109.19 159.94 269.14
112.22 157.79 270.01
118.35 153.33 274.68
124.58 148.66 273.24
130.93 143.75 274.68
137.42 138.57 275.99
154.34 124.08 278.43
172.71 106.41 279.12
193.69
82.63
276.32
224.74
34.40
259.13
Specific Entropy
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Vapor
(sf)
(sg)
0.0000 0.9560
0.0201 0.9506
0.0401 0.9456
0.0600 0.9411
0.0699 0.9390
0.0798 0.9370
0.0897 0.9351
0.0996 0.9332
0.1094 0.9315
0.1192 0.9298
0.1388 0.9267
0.1583 0.9239
0.1777 0.9213
0.1970 0.9190
0.2162 0.9169
0.2354 0.9150
0.2545 0.9132
0.2735 0.9116
0.2924 0.9102
0.3113 0.9089
0.3208 0.9082
0.3302 0.9076
0.3396 0.9070
0.3490 0.9064
0.3584 0.9058
0.3678 0.9053
0.3772 0.9047
0.3866 0.9041
0.3960 0.9035
0.4054 0.9030
0.4243 0.9017
0.4432 0.9004
0.4622 0.8990
0.4814 0.8973
0.5302 0.8918
0.5814 0.8827
0.6380 0.8655
0.7196 0.8117
Temp
[oC]
–40
–36
–32
–28
–26
–24
–22
–20
–18
–16
–12
–8
–4
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
48
52
56
60
70
80
90
100
Source: Tables 14 through 16 are from M. J. Moran and H. N. Shapiro, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, 6th Ed., John
Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008, pp. 833-837 (calculated based on equations for D. P. Wilson and R. S. Basu, “Thermodynamic Properties of a
New Stratospherically Safe Working Fluid—Refrigerant 134a,” ASHRAE Trans., Vol. 94, Pt. 2, 1988, pp. 2095-2118). This material is
reproduced with permission of Wiley Publishing Inc., a subsidiary of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
T-24
Table 15. Properties of Saturated Refrigerant 134a (Liquid-Vapor): Pressure Table
Specific Internal
Energy
[kJ/kg]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Vapor
(uf)
(ug)
3.41
206.12
10.41
209.46
16.22
212.18
21.23
214.50
25.66
216.52
29.66
218.32
Press.
(P)
[kPa]
60
80
100
120
140
160
Sat
Temp.
(Tsat)
[oC]
–37.07
–31.21
–26.43
–22.36
–18.80
–15.62
Specific Volume
[m3/kg]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid
Vapor
(vf)
(vg)
0.0007097 0.3100
0.0007184 0.2366
0.0007258 0.1917
0.0007323 0.1614
0.0007381 0.1395
0.0007435 0.1229
180
200
240
280
320
360
–12.73
–10.09
–5.37
–1.23
2.48
5.84
0.0007485
0.0007532
0.0007618
0.0007697
0.0007770
0.0007839
0.1098
0.0993
0.0834
0.0719
0.0632
0.0564
33.31
36.69
42.77
48.18
53.06
57.54
219.94
221.43
224.07
226.38
228.43
230.28
33.45
36.84
42.95
48.39
53.31
57.82
206.26
204.46
201.14
198.13
195.35
192.76
239.71
241.30
244.09
246.52
248.66
250.58
0.1352
0.1481
0.1710
0.1911
0.2089
0.2251
0.9273
0.9253
0.9222
0.9197
0.9177
0.9160
180
200
240
280
320
360
400
500
600
700
800
900
8.93
15.74
21.58
26.72
31.33
35.53
0.0007904
0.0008056
0.0008196
0.0008328
0.0008454
0.0008576
0.0509
0.0409
0.0341
0.0292
0.0255
0.0226
61.69
70.93
78.99
86.19
92.75
98.79
231.97
235.64
238.74
241.42
243.78
245.88
62.00
71.33
79.48
86.78
93.42
99.56
190.32
184.74
179.71
175.07
170.73
166.62
252.32
256.07
259.19
261.85
264.15
266.18
0.2399
0.2723
0.2999
0.3242
0.3459
0.3656
0.9145
0.9117
0.9097
0.9080
0.9066
0.9054
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2500
39.39
46.32
52.43
57.92
62.91
67.49
77.59
0.0008695
0.0008928
0.0009159
0.0009392
0.0009631
0.0009878
0.0010562
0.0202
0.0166
0.0140
0.0121
0.0105
0.0093
0.0069
104.42
114.69
123.98
132.52
140.49
148.02
165.48
247.77
251.03
253.74
256.00
257.88
259.41
261.84
105.29
115.76
125.26
134.02
142.22
149.99
168.12
162.68
155.23
148.14
141.31
134.60
127.95
111.06
267.97
270.99
273.40
275.33
276.83
277.94
279.17
0.3838
0.4164
0.4453
0.4714
0.4954
0.5178
0.5687
0.9043
0.9023
0.9003
0.8982
0.8959
0.8934
0.8854
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2500
3000
86.22
0.0011416
0.0053
181.88
262.16
185.30
92.71
278.01
0.6156
0.8735
3000
T-25
Specific Enthalpy
[kJ/kg]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid
Evap.
Vapor
(hf)
(hfg)
(hg)
3.46
221.27 224.72
10.47
217.92 228.39
16.29
215.06 231.35
21.32
212.54 233.86
25.77
210.27 236.04
29.78
208.19 237.97
Specific Entropy
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Vapor
(sf)
(sg)
0.0147 0.9520
0.0440 0.9447
0.0678 0.9395
0.0879 0.9354
0.1055 0.9322
0.1211 0.9295
Press.
(P)
[kPa]
60
80
100
120
140
160
Table 16. Properties of Superheated Refrigerant 134a Vapor
T
[oC]
v
[m3/kg]
u
[kJ/kg]
h
[kJ/kg]
s
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
v
[m3/kg]
P = 60 kPa = 0.06 MPa (Tsat = –37.07oC)
Sat.
–20
–10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0.31003
0.33536
0.34992
0.36433
0.37861
0.39279
0.40688
0.42091
0.43487
0.44879
0.46266
0.47650
0.49031
206.12
217.86
224.97
232.24
239.69
247.32
255.12
263.10
271.25
279.58
288.08
296.75
305.58
224.72
237.98
245.96
254.10
262.41
270.89
279.53
288.35
297.34
306.51
315.84
325.34
335.00
0.13945
0.14549
0.15219
0.15875
0.16520
0.17155
0.17783
0.18404
0.19020
0.19633
0.20241
0.20846
0.21449
216.52
223.03
230.55
238.21
246.01
253.96
262.06
270.32
278.74
287.32
296.06
304.95
314.01
236.04
243.40
251.86
260.43
269.13
277.97
286.96
296.09
305.37
314.80
324.39
334.14
344.04
0.9520
1.0062
1.0371
1.0675
1.0973
1.1267
1.1557
1.1844
1.2126
1.2405
1.2681
1.2954
1.3224
0.19170
0.19770
0.20686
0.21587
0.22473
0.23349
0.24216
0.25076
0.25930
0.26779
0.27623
0.28464
0.29302
0.09933
0.09938
0.10438
0.10922
0.11394
0.11856
0.12311
0.12758
0.13201
0.13639
0.14073
0.14504
0.14932
221.43
221.50
229.23
237.05
244.99
253.06
261.26
569.61
278.10
286.74
295.53
304.47
313.57
241.30
241.38
250.10
258.89
267.78
276.77
285.88
295.12
304.50
314.02
323.68
333.48
343.43
s
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
T
[oC]
212.18
216.77
224.01
231.41
238.96
246.67
254.54
262.58
270.79
279.16
287.70
296.40
305.27
231.35
236.54
244.70
252.99
261.43
270.02
278.76
287.66
296.72
305.94
315.32
324.87
334.57
0.9395
0.9602
0.9918
1.0227
1.0531
1.0829
1.1122
1.1411
1.1696
1.1977
1.2254
1.2528
1.2799
Sat.
–20
–10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
P = 180 kPa = 0.18 MPa (Tsat = –12.73oC)
0.9322
0.9606
0.9922
1.0230
1.0532
1.0828
1.1120
1.1407
1.1690
1.1969
1.2244
1.2516
1.2785
0.10983
0.11135
0.11678
0.12207
0.12723
0.13230
0.13730
0.14222
0.14710
0.15193
0.15672
0.16148
0.16622
P = 200 kPa = 0.20 MPa (Tsat = –10.09oC)
Sat.
–10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
h
[kJ/kg]
P = 100 kPa = 0.10 MPa (Tsat = –26.43oC)
P = 140 kPa = 0.14 MPa (Tsat = –18.80oC)
Sat.
–10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
u
[kJ/kg]
219.94
222.02
229.67
237.44
245.33
253.36
261.53
269.85
278.31
286.93
295.71
304.63
313.72
239.71
242.06
250.69
259.41
268.23
277.17
286.24
295.45
304.79
314.28
323.92
333.70
343.63
0.9273
0.9362
0.9684
0.9998
1.0304
1.0604
1.0898
1.1187
1.1472
1.1753
1.2030
1.2303
1.2573
Sat.
–10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
P = 240 kPa = 0.24 MPa (Tsat = –5.37oC)
0.9253
0.9256
0.9582
0.9898
1.0206
1.0508
1.0804
1.1094
1.1380
1.1661
1.1939
1.2212
1.2483
T-26
0.08343
224.07
244.09
0.9222
0.08574
0.08993
0.09399
0.09794
0.10181
0.10562
0.10937
0.11307
0.11674
0.12037
0.12398
228.31
236.26
244.30
252.45
260.72
269.12
277.67
286.35
295.18
304.15
313.27
248.89
257.84
266.85
275.95
285.16
294.47
303.91
313.49
323.19
333.04
343.03
0.9399
0.9721
1.0034
1.0339
1.0637
1.0930
1.1218
1.1501
1.1780
1.2055
1.2326
Sat.
–10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Table 16. Properties of Superheated Refrigerant 134a Vapor
T
[oC]
v
[m3/kg]
u
[kJ/kg]
h
[kJ/kg]
s
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
v
[m3/kg]
P = 280 kPa = 0.28 MPa (Tsat = –1.23oC)
Sat.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
0.07193
0.07240
0.07613
0.07972
0.08320
0.08660
0.08992
0.09319
0.09641
0.09960
0.10275
0.10587
0.10897
0.11205
226.38
227.37
235.44
243.59
251.83
260.17
268.64
277.23
285.96
294.82
303.83
312.98
322.27
331.71
246.52
247.64
256.76
265.91
275.12
284.42
293.81
303.32
312.95
322.71
332.60
342.62
352.78
363.08
0.05089
0.05119
0.05397
0.05662
0.05917
0.06164
0.06405
0.06641
0.06873
0.07102
0.07327
0.07550
0.07771
0.07991
0.08208
231.97
232.87
241.37
249.89
258.47
267.13
275.89
284.75
293.73
302.84
312.07
321.44
330.94
340.58
350.35
252.32
253.35
262.96
272.54
282.14
291.79
301.51
311.32
321.23
331.25
341.38
351.64
362.03
372.54
383.18
0.9197
0.9238
0.9566
0.9883
1.0192
1.0494
1.0789
1.1079
1.1364
1.1644
1.1920
1.2193
1.2461
1.2727
0.03408
0.03581
0.03774
0.03958
0.04134
0.04304
0.04469
0.04631
0.04790
0.04946
0.05099
0.05251
0.05402
0.05550
0.05698
238.74
246.41
255.45
264.48
273.54
282.66
291.86
301.14
310.53
320.03
329.64
339.38
349.23
359.21
369.32
259.19
267.89
278.09
288.23
298.35
308.48
318.67
328.93
339.27
349.70
360.24
370.88
381.64
392.52
403.51
s
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
T
[oC]
0.06322
228.43
248.66
0.9177
0.06576
0.06901
0.07214
0.07518
0.07815
0.08106
0.08392
0.08674
0.08953
0.09229
0.09503
0.09774
234.61
242.87
251.19
259.61
268.14
276.79
285.56
294.46
303.50
312.68
322.00
331.45
255.65
264.95
274.28
283.67
293.15
302.72
312.41
322.22
332.15
342.21
352.40
362.73
0.9427
0.9749
1.0062
1.0367
1.0665
1.0957
1.1243
1.1525
1.1802
1.2076
1.2345
1.2611
Sat.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
P = 500 kPa = 0.50 MPa (Tsat = 15.74oC)
0.9145
0.9182
0.9515
0.9837
1.0148
1.0452
1.0748
1.1038
1.1322
1.1602
1.1878
1.2149
1.2417
1.2681
1.2941
P = 600 kPa = 0.60 MPa (Tsat = 21.58oC)
Sat.
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
h
[kJ/kg]
P = 320 kPa = 0.32 MPa (Tsat = 2.48oC)
P = 400 kPa = 0.40 MPa (Tsat = 8.93oC)
Sat.
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
u
[kJ/kg]
0.04086
235.64
256.07
0.9117
0.04188
0.04416
0.04633
0.04842
0.05043
0.05240
0.05432
0.05620
0.05805
0.05988
0.06168
0.06347
0.06524
239.40
248.20
256.99
265.83
274.73
283.72
292.80
302.00
311.31
320.74
330.30
339.98
349.79
260.34
270.28
280.16
290.04
299.95
309.92
319.96
330.10
340.33
350.68
361.14
371.72
382.42
0.9264
0.9597
0.9918
1.0229
1.0531
1.0825
1.1114
1.1397
1.1675
1.1949
1.2218
1.2484
1.2746
Sat.
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
P = 700 kPa = 0.70 MPa (Tsat = 26.72oC)
0.9097
0.9388
0.9719
1.0037
1.0346
1.0645
1.0938
1.1225
1.1505
1.1781
1.2053
1.2320
1.2584
1.2844
1.3100
0.02918
0.02979
0.03157
0.03324
0.03482
0.03634
0.03781
0.03924
0.04064
0.04201
0.04335
0.04468
0.04599
0.04729
0.04857
T-27
241.42
244.51
253.83
263.08
272.31
281.57
290.88
300.27
309.74
319.31
328.98
338.76
348.66
358.68
368.82
261.85
265.37
275.93
286.35
296.69
307.01
317.35
327.74
338.19
348.71
359.33
370.04
380.86
391.79
402.82
0.9080
0.9197
0.9539
0.9867
1.0182
1.0487
1.0784
1.1074
1.1358
1.1637
1.1910
1.2179
1.2444
1.2706
1.2963
Sat.
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
Table 16. Properties of Superheated Refrigerant 134a Vapor
T
[oC]
v
[m3/kg]
u
[kJ/kg]
h
[kJ/kg]
s
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
v
[m3/kg]
P = 800 kPa = 0.80 MPa (Tsat = 31.33oC)
Sat.
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
Sat.
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
Sat.
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
0.02547
0.02691
0.02846
0.02992
0.03131
0.03264
0.03393
0.03519
0.03642
0.03762
0.03881
0.03997
0.04113
0.04227
0.04340
0.04452
243.78
252.13
261.61
271.04
280.45
289.89
299.37
308.93
318.57
328.31
338.14
348.09
358.15
368.32
378.61
389.02
264.15
273.66
284.39
294.98
305.50
316.00
326.52
337.08
347.71
358.40
369.19
380.07
391.05
402.14
413.33
424.63
u
[kJ/kg]
h
[kJ/kg]
s
[kJ/(kg∙K)]
P = 900 kPa = 0.90 MPa (Tsat = 35.53oC)
0.9066
0.9374
0.9711
1.0034
1.0345
1.0647
1.0940
1.1227
1.1508
1.1784
1.2055
1.2321
1.2584
1.2843
1.3098
1.3351
0.02255
0.02325
0.02472
0.02609
0.02738
0.02861
0.02980
0.03095
0.03207
0.03316
0.03423
0.03529
0.03633
0.03736
0.03838
0.03939
245.88
250.32
260.09
269.72
279.30
288.87
298.46
308.11
317.82
327.62
337.52
347.51
357.61
367.82
378.14
388.57
266.18
271.25
282.34
293.21
303.94
314.62
325.28
335.96
346.68
357.47
368.33
379.29
390.31
401.44
412.68
424.02
0.9054
0.9217
0.9566
0.9897
1.0214
1.0521
1.0819
1.1109
1.1392
1.1670
1.1943
1.2211
1.2475
1.2735
1.2992
1.3245
P = 1000 kPa = 1.00 MPa (Tsat = 39.39oC)
P = 1200 kPa = 1.20 MPa (Tsat = 46.32oC)
0.02020
0.02029
0.02171
0.02301
0.02423
0.02538
0.02649
0.02755
0.02858
0.02959
0.03058
0.03154
0.03250
0.03344
0.03436
0.03528
0.01663
251.03
270.99
0.9023
0.01712
0.01835
0.01947
0.02051
0.02150
0.02244
0.02335
0.02423
0.02508
0.02592
0.02674
0.02754
0.02834
0.02912
254.98
265.42
275.59
285.62
295.59
305.54
315.50
325.51
335.58
345.73
355.95
366.27
376.69
387.21
275.52
287.44
298.96
310.24
321.39
332.47
343.52
354.58
365.68
376.83
388.04
399.33
410.70
422.16
0.9164
0.9527
0.9868
1.0192
1.0503
1.0804
1.1096
1.1381
1.1660
1.1933
1.2201
1.2465
1.2724
1.2980
247.77
248.39
258.48
268.35
278.11
287.82
297.53
307.27
317.06
326.93
336.88
346.92
357.06
367.31
377.66
388.12
267.97
268.68
280.19
291.36
302.34
313.20
324.01
334.82
345.65
356.52
367.46
378.46
389.56
400.74
412.02
423.40
0.9043
0.9066
0.9428
0.9768
1.0093
1.0405
1.0707
1.1000
1.1286
1.1567
1.1841
1.2111
1.2376
1.2638
1.2895
1.3149
P = 1400 kPa = 1.40 MPa (Tsat = 52.43oC)
P = 1600 kPa = 1.60 MPa (Tsat = 57.92oC)
0.01405
0.01495
0.01603
0.01701
0.01792
0.01878
0.01960
0.02039
0.02115
0.02189
0.02262
0.02333
0.02403
0.02472
0.02541
0.02608
0.01208
0.01233
0.01340
0.01435
0.01521
0.01601
0.01677
0.01750
0.01820
0.01887
0.01953
0.02017
0.02080
0.02141
0.02203
0.02263
253.74
262.17
272.87
283.29
293.55
303.73
313.88
324.05
334.25
344.50
354.82
365.22
375.71
386.29
396.96
407.73
273.40
283.10
295.31
307.10
318.63
330.02
341.32
352.59
363.86
375.15
386.49
397.89
409.36
420.90
432.53
444.24
T
[oC]
0.9003
0.9297
0.9658
0.9997
1.0319
1.0628
1.0927
1.1218
1.1501
1.1777
1.2048
1.2315
1.2576
1.2834
1.3088
1.3338
T-28
256.00
258.48
269.89
280.78
291.39
301.84
312.20
322.53
332.87
343.24
353.66
364.15
374.71
385.35
396.08
406.90
275.33
278.20
291.33
303.74
315.72
327.46
339.04
350.53
361.99
373.44
384.91
396.43
407.99
419.62
431.33
443.11
0.8982
0.9069
0.9457
0.9813
1.0148
1.0467
1.0773
1.1069
1.1357
1.1638
1.1912
1.2181
1.2445
1.2704
1.2960
1.3212
Sat.
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
Sat.
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
Sat.
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
Table 17. Thermochemical Properties of Selected Substances at 298 K and 1 atm
Formula
C(s)
Molecular
Weight (M)
[kg/kmol]
12.01
Enthalpy of
Formation
( hf° )
[kJ/kmol]
0
Gibbs
Function of
Formation
( g f° )
[kJ/kmol]
0
Absolute
Entropy
( s° )
[kJ/(kmol∙K)]
5.74
Higher
(HHV)
[kJ/kg]
32,770
Lower
(LHV)
[kJ/kg]
32,770
H2(g)
N2(g)
O2(g)
CO(g)
CO2(g)
H2O(g)
2.016
28.01
32.00
28.01
44.01
18.02
0
0
0
–110,530
–393,520
–241,820
0
0
0
–137,150
–394,380
–228,590
130.57
191.50
205.03
197.54
213.69
188.72
141,780
-----------
119,950
-----------
Ammonia
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
H2O(l)
H2O2(g)
NH3(g)
O(g)
H(g)
N(g)
18.02
34.02
17.03
16.00
1.008
14.01
–285,830
–136,310
–46,190
249,170
218,000
472,680
–237,180
–105,600
–16,590
231,770
203,290
455,510
69.95
232.63
192.33
160.95
114.61
153.19
-------------
-------------
Hydroxyl
Methane
Acetylene
Ethylene
Ethane
Propylene
OH(g)
CH4(g)
C2H2(g)
C2H4(g)
C2H6(g)
C3H6(g)
17.01
16.04
26.04
28.05
30.07
42.08
39,460
–74,850
226,730
52,280
–84,680
20,410
34,280
–50,790
209,170
68,120
–32,890
62,720
183.75
186.16
200.85
219.83
229.49
266.94
--55,510
49,910
50,300
51,870
48,920
--50,020
48,220
47,160
47,480
45,780
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Octane
Octane
Benzene
C3H8(g)
C4H10(g)
C5H12(g)
C8H18(g)
C8H18(l)
C6H6(g)
44.09
58.12
72.15
114.22
114.22
78.11
–103,850
–126,150
–146,440
–208,450
–249,910
82,930
–23,490
–15,710
–8,200
17,320
6,610
129,660
269.91
310.03
348.40
463.67
360.79
269.20
50,350
49,500
49,010
48,260
47,900
42,270
46,360
45,720
45,350
44,790
44,430
40,580
CH3OH(g)
CH3OH(l)
C2H5OH(g)
C2H5OH(l)
32.04
32.04
46.07
46.07
–200,890
–238,810
–235,310
–277,690
–162,140
–166,290
–168,570
174,890
239.70
126.80
282.59
160.70
23,850
22,670
30,590
29,670
21,110
19,920
27,720
26,800
Substance
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Water
Water
Hydrogen peroxide
Methyl alcohol
Methyl alcohol
Ethyl alcohol
Ethyl alcohol
Heating Values
Source: M. J. Moran and H. N. Shapiro, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, 6th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008, p.
860 (based on the JANAF Thermochemical Tables, NSRDS-NBS-37, 1971; Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamics
Properties, NBS Tech. Note 270-3, 1968; and API Research Project 44, Carnegie Press, 1953. Heating values calculated). This
material is reproduced with permission of Wiley Publishing Inc., a subsidiary of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
T-29
Table 18. Isentropic Flow Functions (1-D flow, ideal gas, constant specific heat, k = 1.4)
Ma
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.52
0.54
0.56
0.58
0.60
0.62
0.64
0.66
0.68
0.70
0.72
0.74
0.76
0.78
0.80
0.82
0.84
0.86
0.88
0.90
0.92
0.94
0.96
0.98
1.00
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
P/P0
1.0000
0.9983
0.9930
0.9844
0.9725
0.9575
0.9395
0.9188
0.8956
0.8703
0.8430
0.8317
0.8201
0.8082
0.7962
0.7840
0.7716
0.7591
0.7465
0.7338
0.7209
0.7080
0.6951
0.6821
0.6691
0.6560
0.6430
0.6300
0.6170
0.6041
0.5913
0.5785
0.5658
0.5532
0.5407
0.5283
0.5221
0.5160
0.5099
0.5039
0.4979
0.4919
0.4860
0.4800
0.4742
0.4684
ρ/ρ0
1.0000
0.9988
0.9950
0.9888
0.9803
0.9694
0.9564
0.9413
0.9243
0.9055
0.8852
0.8766
0.8679
0.8589
0.8498
0.8405
0.8310
0.8213
0.8115
0.8016
0.7916
0.7814
0.7712
0.7609
0.7505
0.7400
0.7295
0.7189
0.7083
0.6977
0.6870
0.6764
0.6658
0.6551
0.6445
0.6339
0.6287
0.6234
0.6181
0.6129
0.6077
0.6024
0.5972
0.5920
0.5869
0.5817
T-30
T/T0
1.0000
0.9995
0.9980
0.9955
0.9921
0.9877
0.9823
0.9761
0.9690
0.9611
0.9524
0.9487
0.9449
0.9410
0.9370
0.9328
0.9286
0.9243
0.9199
0.9153
0.9107
0.9061
0.9013
0.8964
0.8915
0.8865
0.8815
0.8763
0.8711
0.8659
0.8606
0.8552
0.8498
0.8444
0.8389
0.8333
0.8306
0.8278
0.8250
0.8222
0.8193
0.8165
0.8137
0.8108
0.8080
0.8052
A/A*
11.5914
5.8218
3.9103
2.9635
2.4027
2.0351
1.7780
1.5901
1.4487
1.3398
1.3034
1.2703
1.2403
1.2130
1.1882
1.1656
1.1451
1.1265
1.1097
1.0944
1.0806
1.0681
1.0570
1.0471
1.0382
1.0305
1.0237
1.0179
1.0129
1.0089
1.0056
1.0031
1.0014
1.0003
1.0000
1.0001
1.0003
1.0007
1.0013
1.0020
1.0029
1.0039
1.0051
1.0064
1.0079
Table 18. Isentropic Flow Functions (1-D flow, ideal gas, constant specific heat, k = 1.4)
Ma
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.40
1.45
1.50
1.55
1.60
1.65
1.70
1.75
1.80
1.85
1.90
1.95
2.00
2.10
2.20
2.30
2.40
2.50
2.60
2.70
2.80
2.90
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
5.50
6.00
P/P0
0.4626
0.4568
0.4511
0.4455
0.4398
0.4343
0.4287
0.4232
0.4178
0.4124
0.4070
0.4017
0.3964
0.3912
0.3861
0.3609
0.3370
0.3142
0.2927
0.2724
0.2533
0.2353
0.2184
0.2026
0.1878
0.1740
0.1612
0.1492
0.1381
0.1278
0.1094
0.0935
0.0800
0.0684
0.0585
0.0501
0.0430
0.0368
0.0317
0.0272
0.0131
0.0066
0.0035
0.0019
0.0011
0.0006
ρ/ρ0
0.5766
0.5714
0.5663
0.5612
0.5562
0.5511
0.5461
0.5411
0.5361
0.5311
0.5262
0.5213
0.5164
0.5115
0.5067
0.4829
0.4598
0.4374
0.4158
0.3950
0.3750
0.3557
0.3373
0.3197
0.3029
0.2868
0.2715
0.2570
0.2432
0.2300
0.2058
0.1841
0.1646
0.1472
0.1317
0.1179
0.1056
0.0946
0.0849
0.0762
0.0452
0.0277
0.0174
0.0113
0.0076
0.0052
T-31
T/T0
0.8023
0.7994
0.7966
0.7937
0.7908
0.7879
0.7851
0.7822
0.7793
0.7764
0.7735
0.7706
0.7677
0.7648
0.7619
0.7474
0.7329
0.7184
0.7040
0.6897
0.6754
0.6614
0.6475
0.6337
0.6202
0.6068
0.5936
0.5807
0.5680
0.5556
0.5313
0.5081
0.4859
0.4647
0.4444
0.4252
0.4068
0.3894
0.3729
0.3571
0.2899
0.2381
0.1980
0.1667
0.1418
0.1220
A/A*
1.0095
1.0113
1.0132
1.0153
1.0175
1.0198
1.0222
1.0248
1.0276
1.0304
1.0334
1.0366
1.0398
1.0432
1.0468
1.0663
1.0890
1.1149
1.1440
1.1762
1.2116
1.2502
1.2922
1.3376
1.3865
1.4390
1.4952
1.5553
1.6193
1.6875
1.8369
2.0050
2.1931
2.4031
2.6367
2.8960
3.1830
3.5001
3.8498
4.2346
6.7896
10.7188
16.5622
25.0000
36.8690
53.1798
Table 18. Isentropic Flow Functions (1-D flow, ideal gas, constant specific heat, k = 1.4)
Ma
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
8.50
9.00
9.50
10.00
P/P0
0.0004
0.0002
0.0002
0.0001
0.0001
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
ρ/ρ0
0.0036
0.0026
0.0019
0.0014
0.0011
0.0008
0.0006
0.0005
T-32
T/T0
0.1058
0.0926
0.0816
0.0725
0.0647
0.0581
0.0525
0.0476
A/A*
75.1343
104.1429
141.8415
190.1094
251.0862
327.1893
421.1314
535.9375
Table 19. Normal Shock Flow Functions (1-D flow, ideal gas, constant specific heat, k = 1.4)
(a is upstream of shock wave; b is downstream of shock wave)
Maa
Mab
Tb/Ta
Pb/Pa
ρb/ρa
P0b/P0a
A*b/A*a
1.00
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.40
1.45
1.50
1.55
1.60
1.65
1.70
1.75
1.80
1.85
1.90
1.95
1.000
0.9901
0.9805
0.9712
0.9620
0.9531
0.9444
0.9360
0.9277
0.9196
0.9118
0.9041
0.8966
0.8892
0.8820
0.8750
0.8682
0.8615
0.8549
0.8485
0.8422
0.8360
0.8300
0.8241
0.8183
0.8126
0.7860
0.7618
0.7397
0.7196
0.7011
0.6841
0.6684
0.6540
0.6405
0.6281
0.6165
0.6057
0.5956
0.5862
1.000
1.007
1.013
1.020
1.026
1.033
1.039
1.046
1.052
1.059
1.065
1.071
1.078
1.084
1.090
1.097
1.103
1.109
1.115
1.122
1.128
1.134
1.141
1.147
1.153
1.159
1.191
1.223
1.255
1.287
1.320
1.354
1.388
1.423
1.458
1.495
1.532
1.569
1.608
1.647
1.000
1.023
1.047
1.071
1.095
1.120
1.144
1.169
1.194
1.219
1.245
1.271
1.297
1.323
1.350
1.376
1.403
1.430
1.458
1.485
1.513
1.541
1.570
1.598
1.627
1.656
1.805
1.960
2.120
2.286
2.458
2.636
2.820
3.010
3.205
3.406
3.613
3.826
4.045
4.270
1.000
1.017
1.033
1.050
1.067
1.084
1.101
1.118
1.135
1.152
1.169
1.186
1.203
1.221
1.238
1.255
1.272
1.290
1.307
1.324
1.342
1.359
1.376
1.394
1.411
1.429
1.516
1.603
1.690
1.776
1.862
1.947
2.032
2.115
2.198
2.279
2.359
2.438
2.516
2.592
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.9999
0.9999
0.9998
0.9996
0.9994
0.9992
0.9989
0.9986
0.9982
0.9978
0.9973
0.9967
0.9961
0.9953
0.9946
0.9937
0.9928
0.9918
0.9907
0.9896
0.9884
0.9871
0.9794
0.9697
0.9582
0.9448
0.9298
0.9132
0.8952
0.8760
0.8557
0.8346
0.8127
0.7902
0.7674
0.7442
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0001
1.0001
1.0002
1.0004
1.0006
1.0008
1.0011
1.0014
1.0018
1.0022
1.0027
1.0033
1.0040
1.0047
1.0055
1.0063
1.0073
1.0083
1.0094
1.0105
1.0118
1.0131
1.0211
1.0312
1.0436
1.0584
1.0755
1.0951
1.1171
1.1416
1.1686
1.1982
1.2305
1.2655
1.3032
1.3437
T-33
Table 19. Normal Shock Flow Functions (1-D flow, ideal gas, constant specific heat, k = 1.4)
(a is upstream of shock wave; b is downstream of shock wave)
Maa
Mab
Tb/Ta
Pb/Pa
ρb/ρa
P0b/P0a
A*b/A*a
2.00
2.10
2.20
2.30
2.40
2.50
2.60
2.70
2.80
2.90
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
8.50
9.00
9.50
10.00
0.5774
0.5613
0.5471
0.5344
0.5231
0.5130
0.5039
0.4956
0.4882
0.4814
0.4752
0.4512
0.4350
0.4236
0.4152
0.4090
0.4042
0.4004
0.3974
0.3949
0.3929
0.3912
0.3898
0.3886
0.3876
1.688
1.770
1.857
1.947
2.040
2.138
2.238
2.343
2.451
2.563
2.679
3.315
4.047
4.875
5.800
6.822
7.941
9.156
10.47
11.88
13.39
14.99
16.69
18.49
20.39
4.500
4.978
5.480
6.005
6.553
7.125
7.720
8.338
8.980
9.645
10.33
14.13
18.50
23.46
29.00
35.13
41.83
49.13
57.00
65.46
74.50
84.13
94.33
105.1
116.5
2.667
2.812
2.951
3.085
3.212
3.333
3.449
3.559
3.664
3.763
3.857
4.261
4.571
4.812
5.000
5.149
5.268
5.365
5.444
5.510
5.565
5.612
5.651
5.685
5.714
0.7209
0.6742
0.6281
0.5833
0.5401
0.4990
0.4601
0.4236
0.3895
0.3577
0.3283
0.2129
0.1388
0.09170
0.06172
0.04236
0.02965
0.02115
0.01535
0.01133
0.008488
0.006449
0.004964
0.003866
0.003045
1.3872
1.4832
1.5920
1.7144
1.8514
2.0039
2.1733
2.3608
2.5676
2.7954
3.0456
4.6960
7.2069
10.9054
16.2032
23.6064
33.7257
47.2868
65.1403
88.2725
117.816
155.058
201.456
258.641
328.434
T-34
Section 1
List of Figures (SI Units)
Figure Title / Page
1
Mollier Diagram (SI units) F-1
2
HFC-134a Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram (SI units) F-2
3
ASHRAE Psychrometric Chart No. 1 (SI units) F-3
Figure 1. Mollier Diagram (SI units)
Courtesy of The Babcock & Wilcox Company
F-1
HFC-134a Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram courtesy of DuPont Refrigerants.
Figure 2. HFC-134a Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram (SI units)
F-2
ASHRAE 2005 ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals, SI Edition, Chapter 6, 2005. © American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., www.ashrae.org.
Figure 3. ASHRAE Psychrometric Chart No. 1 (SI units)
F-3
Section 2
List of Tables (English Units)
Table
Title / Page
1E
Molecular Weights and Critical Properties of Selected Substances TE-1
2E
Physical Properties of Water TE-2
3E
Physical Properties of Air at Standard Atmospheric Pressure TE-3
4E
Approximate Physical Properties of Some Common Liquids TE-4
5E
Approximate Physical Properties of Some Common Gases at Standard Atmospheric Pressure TE-4
6E
Properties of the U.S. Standard Atmosphere TE-5
7E
Ideal Gas Specific Heats of Some Common Gases TE-6
8E
Ideal Gas Properties of Air TE-7
9E
Ideal Gas Properties of Selected Gases TE-8
10E
Properties of Saturated Water (Liquid-Vapor): Temperature Table TE-14
11E
Properties of Saturated Water (Liquid-Vapor): Pressure [kPa] Table TE-17
12E
Properties of Superheated Water TE-19
13E
Properties of Compressed Liquid Water TE-25
14E
Properties of Saturated Refrigerant 134a (Liquid-Vapor): Temperature Table TE-26
15E
Properties of Saturated Refrigerant 134a (Liquid-Vapor): Pressure Table TE-27
16E
Properties of Superheated Refrigerant 134a Vapor TE-28
17E
Thermochemical Properties of Selected Substances at 537 R and 1 atm TE-31
Table 1E. Molecular Weights and Critical Properties of Selected Substances
Formula
Molecular Weight
(M)
[lbm/lbmol]
Critical Temperature
(TC)
[R]
Critical Pressure
(PC)
[psia]
C2H2
26.04
556
911
28.97
239
547
NH3
17.03
730
1636
Ar
39.95
272
705
Benzene
C6H6
78.11
1013
716
Butane
C4H10
58.12
765
551
Carbon
C
12.01
Carbon Dioxide
CO2
44.01
548
1071
Carbon Monoxide
CO
28.01
239
507
C2H6
30.07
549
708
C2H5OH
46.07
929
926
Ethylene
C2H4
28.05
510
742
Helium
He
4.003
9.33
33.2
Hydrogen
H2
2.016
59.8
188
Methane
CH4
16.04
344
673
CH3OH
32.04
924
1154
N2
28.01
227
492
Octane
C8H18
114.22
1025
362
Oxygen
O2
32.00
278
732
Propane
C3H8
44.10
666
619
Propylene (Propene)
C3H6
42.08
657
670
Water
H2O
18.02
1165
3204
Substance
Acetylene
Air
Ammonia
Argon
Ethane
Ethyl Alcohol (Ethanol)
Methyl Alcohol (Methanol)
Nitrogen
Sources: Formulas and Molecular Weights from Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 2003.
Critical Properties adapted from International Critical Tables.
TE-1
Table 2E. Physical Properties of Water
Temperature
T
[oF]
Density
Specific
Weight
Dynamic
Viscosity
Kinematic
Viscosity
Surface
Tension
[slug/ft3]
[lbf/ft3]
[(lbf∙s)/ft2]
[ft2/s]
[lbf/ft]
32
1.940
62.42
3.732 × 10–5
1.924 × 10–5
5.18 × 10–3
40
1.940
62.43
3.228 × 10–5
1.664 × 10–5
5.13 × 10–3
50
1.940
62.41
2.730 × 10–5
1.407 × 10–5
5.09 × 10–3
60
1.938
62.37
2.344 × 10–5
1.210 × 10–5
5.03 × 10–3
70
1.936
62.30
2.037 × 10–5
1.052 × 10–5
4.97 × 10–3
80
1.934
62.22
1.791 × 10–5
9.262 × 10–6
4.91 × 10–3
90
1.931
62.11
1.500 × 10–5
8.233 × 10–6
4.86 × 10–3
100
1.927
62.00
1.423 × 10–5
7.383 × 10–6
4.79 × 10–3
120
1.918
61.71
1.164 × 10–5
6.067 × 10–6
4.67 × 10–3
140
1.908
61.38
9.743 × 10–6
5.106 × 10–6
4.53 × 10–3
160
1.896
61.00
8.315 × 10–6
4.385 × 10–6
4.40 × 10–3
180
1.883
60.58
7.207 × 10–6
3.827 × 10–6
4.26 × 10–3
200
1.869
60.12
6.342 × 10–6
3.393 × 10–6
4.12 × 10–3
212
1.860
59.83
5.886 × 10–6
3.165 × 10–6
4.04 × 10–3
ρ
γ
µ
ν
Source: Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 2003.
- Surface Tension values for contact with air.
- Specific weight computed by γ = ρg. For this table, g = 32.174 ft/s2.
- Kinematic Viscosity computed by ν = µ/ρ.
TE-2
σ
Table 3E. Physical Properties of Air at Standard Atmospheric Pressure
Temperature
T
[oF]
Density
Specific
Weight2
Dynamic
Viscosity
Kinematic
Viscosity
[slug/ft3]
[lbf/ft3]
[(lbf∙s)/ft2]
[ft2/s]
–40
2.939 × 10–3
0.09456
3.29 × 10–7
1.12 × 10–4
–20
2.805 × 10–3
0.09026
3.34 × 10–7
1.19 × 10–4
0
2.683 × 10–3
0.08633
3.38 × 10–7
1.26 × 10–4
10
2.626 × 10–3
0.08449
3.44 × 10–7
1.31 × 10–4
20
2.571 × 10–3
0.08273
3.50 × 10–7
1.36 × 10–4
30
2.519 × 10–3
0.08104
3.58 × 10–7
1.42 × 10–4
40
2.469 × 10–3
0.07942
3.60 × 10–7
1.46 × 10–4
50
2.420 × 10–3
0.07786
3.68 × 10–7
1.52 × 10–4
60
2.373 × 10–3
0.07636
3.75 × 10–7
1.58 × 10–4
70
2.329 × 10–3
0.07492
3.82 × 10–7
1.64 × 10–4
80
2.286 × 10–3
0.07353
3.86 × 10–7
1.69 × 10–4
90
2.244 × 10–3
0.07219
3.90 × 10–7
1.74 × 10–4
100
2.204 × 10–3
0.07090
3.94 × 10–7
1.79 × 10–4
120
2.128 × 10–3
0.06846
4.02 × 10–7
1.89 × 10–4
140
2.057 × 10–3
0.06617
4.13 × 10–7
2.01 × 10–4
160
1.990 × 10–3
0.06404
4.22 × 10–7
2.12 × 10–4
180
1.928 × 10–3
0.06204
4.34 × 10–7
2.25 × 10–4
200
1.870 × 10–3
0.06016
4.49 × 10–7
2.40 × 10–4
300
1.624 × 10–3
0.05224
4.97 × 10–7
3.06 × 10–4
400
1.435 × 10–3
0.04616
5.24 × 10–7
3.65 × 10–4
500
1.285 × 10–3
0.04135
5.80 × 10–7
4.51 × 10–4
750
1.020 × 10–3
0.03280
6.81 × 10–7
6.68 × 10–4
1000
8.445 × 10–4
0.02717
7.85 × 10–7
9.30 × 10–4
1500
6.291 × 10–4
0.02024
9.50 × 10–7
1.51 × 10–3
ρ
γ
µ
ν
Source: Density and kinematic viscosity based on data from R. D. Blevins, Applied Fluid Dynamics Handbook, Van Nostrand Reinhold
Co., Inc., New York, 1984.
- Specific weight computed by γ = ρg. For this table, g = 32.174 ft/s2.
- Dynamic Viscosity computed by µ = νρ.
TE-3
Table 4E. Approximate Physical Properties of Some Common Liquids
Specific
Weight
Dynamic
Viscosity
Kinematic
Viscosity
Surface
Tension1
Liquid
Temperature
T
[oF]
Density
[slugs/ft3]
[lbf/ft3]
[(lbf∙s)/ft2]
[ft2/s]
Ethyl alcohol
68
1.53
49.3
2.49 × 10–5
Gasoline3
60
1.32
42.5
Glycerin
68
2.44
Mercury
68
SAE 30 oil3
[lbf/ft]
Vapor
Pressure
Pv
[lbf/in2](abs)
Bulk
Modulus2
Ev
[lbf/in2]
1.63 × 10–5
1.56 × 10–3
0.85
1.54 × 105
6.5× 10–6
4.9 × 10–6
1.5 × 10–3
8.0
1.9 × 105
78.6
3.13 × 10–2
1.28 × 10–2
4.34 × 10–3
2.0 × 10–6
6.56 × 105
26.3
847
3.28 × 10–5
1.25 × 10–6
3.19 × 10–2
2.3 × 10–5
4.14 × 106
60
1.77
57.0
8.0 × 10–3
4.5 × 10–3
2.5 × 10–3
--
2.2 × 105
Seawater
60
1.99
64.0
2.51 × 10–5
1.26 × 10–5
5.03 × 10–3
0.256
3.39 × 105
Water
60
1.94
62.4
2.34 × 10–5
1.21 × 10–5
5.03 × 10–3
0.256
3.12 × 105
ρ
γ
µ
ν
σ
1
In contact with air.
Isentropic bulk modulus calculated from speed of sound.
3
Typical values. Properties of petroleum products vary.
2
Source: B. R. Munson, D. F. Young, T. H. Okiishi, and W. W. Huebsch, Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, 6th Ed., John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., New York, 2009. This material is reproduced with permission of Wiley Publishing Inc., a subsidiary of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Table 5E. Approximate Physical Properties of Some Common Gases at Standard Atmospheric
Pressure
Density
Specific
Weight
Dynamic
Viscosity
Kinematic
Viscosity
Gas
Temperature
T
[oF]
[slugs/ft3]
[lbf/ft3]
[(lbf∙s)/ft2]
[ft2/s]
Air (standard)
59
2.38 × 10–3
7.65 × 10–2
3.74 × 10–7
1.57 × 10–4
Carbon dioxide
68
3.55 × 10–3
1.14 × 10–1
3.07 × 10–7
8.65 × 10–5
Helium
68
3.23 × 10–4
1.04 × 10–2
4.09 × 10–7
1.27 × 10–3
Hydrogen
68
1.63 × 10–4
5.25 × 10–3
1.85 × 10–7
1.13 × 10–3
Methane (natural gas)
68
1.29 × 10–3
4.15 × 10–2
2.29 × 10–7
1.78 × 10–4
Nitrogen
68
2.26 × 10–3
7.28 × 10–2
3.68 × 10–7
1.63 × 10–4
Oxygen
68
2.58 × 10–3
8.31 × 10–2
4.25 × 10–7
1.65 × 10–4
ρ
γ
µ
ν
Source: B. R. Munson, D. F. Young, T. H. Okiishi, and W. W. Huebsch, Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, 6th Ed., John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., New York, 2009. This material is reproduced with permission of Wiley Publishing Inc., a subsidiary of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
TE-4
Table 6E. Properties of the U.S. Standard Atmosphere
Acceleration
of Gravity
g
[ft/s2]
Pressure
P
[lbf/in2 (abs)]
Density
Dynamic
Viscosity
Altitude
[ft]
Temperature
T
[oF]
[slugs/ft3]
[(lbf∙s)/ft2]
–5,000
76.84
32.189
17.554
2.745 × 10–3
3.836 × 10–7
0
59.00
32.174
14.696
2.377 × 10–3
3.737 × 10–7
5,000
41.17
32.159
12.228
2.048 × 10–3
3.637 × 10–7
10,000
23.36
32.143
10.108
1.756 × 10–3
3.534 × 10–7
15,000
5.55
32.128
8.297
1.496 × 10–3
3.430 × 10–7
20,000
–12.26
32.112
6.759
1.267 × 10–3
3.324 × 10–7
25,000
–30.05
32.097
5.461
1.066 × 10–3
3.217 × 10–7
30,000
–47.83
32.082
4.373
8.907 × 10–4
3.107 × 10–7
35,000
–65.61
32.066
3.468
7.382 × 10–4
2.995 × 10–7
40,000
–69.70
32.051
2.730
5.873 × 10–4
2.969 × 10–7
45,000
–69.70
32.036
2.149
4.623 × 10–4
2.969 × 10–7
50,000
–69.70
32.020
1.692
3.639 × 10–4
2.969 × 10–7
60,000
–69.70
31.990
1.049
2.256 × 10–4
2.969 × 10–7
70,000
–67.42
31.959
0.651
1.392 × 10–4
2.984 × 10–7
80,000
–61.98
31.929
0.406
8.571 × 10–5
3.018 × 10–7
90,000
–56.54
31.897
0.255
5.610 × 10–5
3.052 × 10–7
100,000
–51.10
31.868
0.162
3.318 × 10–5
3.087 × 10–7
ρ
Source: Data abridged from U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
TE-5
µ
Table 7E. Ideal Gas Specific Heats of Some Common Gases
cP
cv
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
Temp.
[oF]
–10
80
170
260
350
440
530
620
710
800
890
980
1070
1160
1250
1340
0.240
0.240
0.241
0.242
0.244
0.246
0.248
0.251
0.254
0.257
0.260
0.262
0.265
0.268
0.270
0.273
cP
cv
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
Temp.
[oF]
–10
80
170
260
350
440
530
620
710
800
890
980
1070
1160
1250
1340
Air
0.171
0.171
0.172
0.173
0.175
0.177
0.180
0.182
0.185
0.188
0.191
0.194
0.197
0.199
0.202
0.204
3.356
3.417
3.446
3.458
3.463
3.466
3.470
3.474
3.480
3.488
3.498
3.510
3.525
3.540
3.559
3.579
Hydrogen (H2)
2.371
2.432
2.461
2.473
2.478
2.481
2.485
2.489
2.495
2.503
2.513
2.525
2.539
2.555
2.574
2.594
k
1.401
1.400
1.398
1.395
1.391
1.387
1.381
1.376
1.370
1.364
1.359
1.354
1.349
1.344
1.340
1.336
k
1.415
1.405
1.400
1.398
1.397
1.397
1.396
1.396
1.395
1.394
1.392
1.390
1.388
1.386
1.383
1.380
cP
cv
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
k
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
0.189
0.144
1.314
0.202
0.157
1.288
0.214
0.169
1.268
0.224
0.179
1.252
0.234
0.189
1.239
0.242
0.197
1.229
0.250
0.205
1.220
0.257
0.212
1.213
0.263
0.218
1.207
0.269
0.224
1.202
0.274
0.229
1.197
0.279
0.234
1.193
0.284
0.238
1.189
0.288
0.243
1.186
0.291
0.246
1.183
0.295
0.250
1.181
cP
cv
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
0.248
0.248
0.249
0.249
0.251
0.252
0.254
0.257
0.259
0.262
0.265
0.268
0.271
0.274
0.276
0.279
Nitrogen (N2)
0.177
0.177
0.178
0.178
0.180
0.181
0.183
0.186
0.188
0.191
0.194
0.197
0.200
0.203
0.205
0.208
k
1.400
1.400
1.399
1.397
1.395
1.391
1.387
1.381
1.376
1.371
1.365
1.360
1.355
1.350
1.345
1.341
cP
cv
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
k
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
0.248
0.177
1.400
0.249
0.178
1.399
0.249
0.178
1.398
0.250
0.179
1.395
0.252
0.181
1.392
0.254
0.183
1.387
0.257
0.186
1.382
0.260
0.189
1.376
0.263
0.192
1.370
0.266
0.195
1.364
0.269
0.198
1.358
0.272
0.201
1.352
0.275
0.204
1.347
0.278
0.207
1.343
0.280
0.210
1.338
0.283
0.212
1.334
cP
cv
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
0.218
0.219
0.222
0.225
0.228
0.232
0.236
0.240
0.243
0.246
0.249
0.252
0.254
0.256
0.258
0.260
Oxygen (O2)
0.156
0.157
0.160
0.163
0.166
0.170
0.174
0.177
0.181
0.184
0.187
0.190
0.192
0.194
0.196
0.198
Temp.
[oF]
–10
80
170
260
350
440
530
620
710
800
890
980
1070
1160
1250
1340
k
Temp.
[oF]
1.398
1.395
1.389
1.382
1.373
1.365
1.357
1.350
1.343
1.337
1.332
1.327
1.323
1.319
1.316
1.313
Source: Values for cP determined from data available in Tables of Thermal Properties of Gases by Joseph Hilsenrath, Charles W.
Beckett, William S. Benedict, Lilla Fano, Harold J. Hoge, Joseph F. Masi, Ralph L. Nuttall, Yeram S. Touloukian, and Harold
W. Woolley, National Bureau of Standards Circular 564, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C., issued
November 1, 1955.
- Values for cv determined from cv = cP – R.
- Values for k determined from k = cP/cv.
TE-6
–10
80
170
260
350
440
530
620
710
800
890
980
1070
1160
1250
1340
Table 8E. Ideal Gas Properties of Air
when ∆s = 0
when ∆s = 0
T
h
u
so
T
h
u
so
[R]
[BTU/lbm]
[BTU/lbm]
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
Pr
vr
[R]
[BTU/lbm]
[BTU/lbm]
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
Pr
vr
360
380
400
420
440
460
480
500
520
537
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
720
740
760
780
800
820
840
860
880
900
920
940
960
980
1000
1040
1080
1120
1160
1200
1240
1280
1320
1360
1400
1440
1480
1520
1560
1600
1650
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
85.97
90.75
95.53
100.32
105.11
109.90
114.69
119.48
124.27
128.34
129.06
133.86
138.66
143.47
148.28
153.09
157.92
162.73
167.56
172.39
177.23
182.08
186.94
191.81
196.69
201.56
206.46
211.35
216.26
221.18
226.11
231.06
236.02
240.98
250.95
260.97
271.03
281.14
291.30
301.52
311.79
322.11
332.48
342.90
353.37
363.89
374.47
385.08
395.74
409.13
422.59
436.12
449.71
463.37
477.09
490.88
61.29
64.70
68.11
71.52
74.93
78.36
81.77
85.20
88.62
91.53
92.04
95.47
98.90
102.34
105.78
109.21
112.67
116.12
119.58
123.04
126.51
129.99
133.47
136.97
140.47
143.98
147.50
151.02
154.57
158.12
161.68
165.26
168.83
172.43
179.66
186.93
194.25
201.63
209.05
216.53
224.05
231.63
239.25
246.93
254.66
262.44
270.26
278.13
286.06
296.03
306.06
316.16
326.32
336.55
346.85
357.20
0.50369
0.51663
0.52890
0.54058
0.55172
0.56235
0.57255
0.58233
0.59172
0.59945
0.60078
0.60950
0.61793
0.62607
0.63395
0.64159
0.64902
0.65621
0.66321
0.67002
0.67665
0.68312
0.68942
0.69558
0.70160
0.70747
0.71323
0.71886
0.72438
0.72979
0.73509
0.74030
0.74540
0.75042
0.76019
0.76964
0.77880
0.78767
0.79628
0.80466
0.81280
0.82075
0.82848
0.83604
0.84341
0.85062
0.85767
0.86456
0.87130
0.87954
0.88758
0.89542
0.90308
0.91056
0.91788
0.92504
0.3363
0.4061
0.4858
0.5760
0.6776
0.7913
0.9182
1.0590
1.2147
1.3593
1.3860
1.5742
1.7800
2.005
2.249
2.514
2.801
3.111
3.446
3.806
4.193
4.607
5.051
5.526
6.033
6.573
7.149
7.761
8.411
9.102
9.834
10.61
11.43
12.30
14.18
16.28
18.60
21.18
24.01
27.13
30.55
34.31
38.41
42.88
47.75
53.04
58.78
65.00
71.73
80.89
90.95
101.98
114.0
127.2
141.5
157.1
396.6
346.6
305.0
270.1
240.6
215.33
193.65
174.90
158.58
146.34
144.32
131.78
120.70
110.88
102.12
94.30
87.27
80.96
75.25
70.07
65.38
61.10
57.20
53.63
50.35
47.34
44.57
42.01
39.64
37.44
35.41
33.52
31.76
30.12
27.17
24.58
22.30
20.29
18.51
16.93
15.52
14.25
13.12
12.10
11.17
10.34
9.578
8.890
8.263
7.556
6.924
6.357
5.847
5.388
4.974
4.598
2000
2050
2100
2150
2200
2250
2300
2350
2400
2450
2500
2550
2600
2650
2700
2750
2800
2850
2900
2950
3000
3050
3100
3150
3200
3250
3300
3350
3400
3450
3500
3550
3600
3650
3700
3750
3800
3850
3900
3950
4000
4050
4100
4150
4200
4300
4400
4500
4600
4700
4800
4900
5000
5100
5200
5300
504.71
518.61
532.55
546.54
560.59
574.69
588.82
603.00
617.22
631.48
645.78
660.12
674.49
688.90
703.35
717.83
732.33
746.88
761.45
776.05
790.68
805.34
820.03
834.75
849.48
864.24
879.02
893.83
908.66
923.52
938.40
953.30
968.21
983.15
998.11
1013.1
1028.1
1043.1
1058.1
1073.2
1088.3
1103.4
1118.5
1133.6
1148.7
1179.0
1209.4
1239.9
1270.4
1300.9
1331.5
1362.2
1392.9
1423.6
1454.4
1485.3
367.61
378.08
388.60
399.17
409.78
420.46
431.16
441.91
452.70
463.54
474.40
485.31
496.26
507.25
518.26
529.31
540.40
551.52
562.66
573.84
585.04
596.28
607.53
618.82
630.12
641.46
652.81
664.20
675.60
687.04
698.48
709.95
721.44
732.95
744.48
756.04
767.60
779.19
790.80
802.43
814.06
825.72
837.40
849.09
860.81
884.28
907.81
931.39
955.04
978.73
1002.5
1026.3
1050.1
1074.0
1098.0
1122.0
0.93205
0.93891
0.94564
0.95222
0.95868
0.96501
0.97123
0.97732
0.98331
0.98919
0.99497
1.00064
1.00623
1.01172
1.01712
1.02244
1.02767
1.03282
1.03788
1.04288
1.04779
1.05264
1.05741
1.06212
1.06676
1.07134
1.07585
1.08031
1.08470
1.08904
1.09332
1.09755
1.10172
1.10584
1.10991
1.11393
1.11791
1.12183
1.12571
1.12955
1.13334
1.13709
1.14079
1.14446
1.14809
1.15522
1.16221
1.16905
1.17575
1.18232
1.18876
1.19508
1.20129
1.20738
1.21336
1.21923
174.0
192.3
212.1
233.5
256.6
281.4
308.1
336.8
367.6
400.5
435.7
473.3
513.5
556.3
601.9
650.4
702.0
756.7
814.8
876.4
941.4
1011
1083
1161
1242
1328
1418
1513
1613
1719
1829
1946
2068
2196
2330
2471
2618
2773
2934
3103
3280
3464
3656
3858
4067
4513
4997
5521
6089
6701
7362
8073
8837
9658
10539
11481
4.258
3.949
3.667
3.410
3.176
2.961
2.765
2.585
2.419
2.266
2.125
1.996
1.876
1.765
1.662
1.566
1.478
1.395
1.318
1.247
1.180
1.118
1.060
1.006
0.9546
0.9069
0.8621
0.8202
0.7807
0.7436
0.7087
0.6759
0.6449
0.6157
0.5882
0.5621
0.5376
0.5143
0.4923
0.4715
0.4518
0.4331
0.4154
0.3985
0.3826
0.3529
0.3262
0.3019
0.2799
0.2598
0.2415
0.2248
0.2096
0.1956
0.1828
0.1710
Source: M. J. Moran and H. N. Shapiro, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, 6th Ed.,John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008, pp. 903904. This material is reproduced with permission of Wiley Publishing Inc., a subsidiary of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
TE-7
Table 9E. Ideal Gas Properties of Selected Gases
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Water Vapor (H2O)
T
h
u
so
h
u
so
h
u
so
T
[R]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/(lbmol∙R)]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/(lbmol∙R)]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/(lbmol∙R)]
[R]
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
440
460
480
500
520
537
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
720
740
760
780
800
820
840
860
880
900
920
940
960
980
1000
1020
1040
1060
1080
1100
1120
1140
1160
1180
1200
1220
1240
1260
1280
1300
1320
1340
1360
1380
2108.2
2256.6
2407.3
2560.5
2716.4
2874.7
3035.7
3199.4
3365.7
3534.7
3706.2
3880.3
4027.5
4056.8
4235.8
4417.2
4600.9
4786.6
4974.9
5165.2
5357.6
5552.0
5748.4
5946.8
6147.0
6349.1
6552.9
6758.3
6965.7
7174.7
7385.3
7597.6
7811.4
8026.8
8243.8
8462.2
8682.1
8903.4
9126.2
9350.3
9575.8
9802.6
10,030.6
10,260.1
10,490.6
10,722.3
10,955.3
11,189.4
11,424.6
11,661.0
11,898.4
12,136.9
12,376.4
12,617.0
12,858.5
13,101.0
1512.4
1621.1
1732.1
1845.6
1961.8
2080.4
2201.7
2325.6
2452.2
2581.5
2713.3
2847.7
2963.8
2984.4
3123.7
3265.4
3409.4
3555.6
3704.0
3854.6
4007.2
4161.9
4318.6
4477.3
4637.9
4800.1
4964.2
5129.9
5297.6
5466.9
5637.7
5810.3
5984.4
6160.1
6337.4
6516.1
6696.2
6877.8
7060.9
7245.3
7431.1
7618.1
7806.4
7996.2
8187.0
8379.0
8572.3
87.66.6
8962.1
9158.8
9356.5
9555.3
9755.0
9955.9
10,157.7
10,360.5
46.353
46.832
47.289
47.728
48.148
48.555
48.947
49.329
49.698
50.058
50.408
50.750
51.032
51.082
51.408
51.726
52.038
52.343
52.641
52.934
53.225
53.503
53.780
54.051
54.319
54.582
54.839
55.093
55.343
55.589
55.831
56.070
56.305
56.536
56.765
56.990
57.212
57.432
57.647
57.861
58.072
58.281
58.485
58.689
58.889
59.088
59.283
59.477
59.668
59.858
60.044
60.229
60.412
60.593
60.772
60.949
2081.9
2220.9
2359.9
2498.8
2637.9
2776.9
2916.0
3055.0
3194.0
3333.0
3472.1
3611.2
3725.1
3750.3
3889.5
4028.7
4168.0
4307.4
4446.9
4586.6
4726.2
4866.0
5006.1
5146.4
5286.8
5427.4
5568.2
5709.4
5850.7
5992.3
6134.2
6276.4
6419.0
6561.7
6704.9
6848.4
6992.2
7136.4
7281.0
7425.9
7571.1
7716.8
7862.9
8009.2
8156.1
8303.3
8450.8
8598.8
8747.2
8896.0
9045.0
9194.6
9344.6
9494.8
9645.5
9796.6
1486.1
1585.4
1684.7
1783.9
1883.3
1982.6
2081.9
2181.2
2280.5
2379.8
2479.2
2578.6
2663.1
2677.9
2777.4
2876.9
2976.5
3076.2
3175.9
3275.8
3375.8
3475.9
3576.3
3676.9
3777.5
3878.4
3979.5
4081.0
4182.6
4284.5
4386.6
4489.1
4592.0
4695.0
4798.5
4902.3
5006.3
5110.8
5215.7
5320.9
5426.4
5532.3
5638.7
5745.4
5851.5
5960.0
6067.8
6176.0
6284.7
6393.8
6503.1
6613.0
3723.2
6833.7
6944.7
7056.1
43.223
43.672
44.093
44.490
44.866
45.223
45.563
45.886
46.194
46.491
46.775
47.048
47.272
47.310
47.563
47.807
48.044
48.272
48.494
48.709
48.917
49.120
49.317
49.509
49.697
49.880
50.058
50.232
50.402
50.569
50.732
50.892
51.048
51.202
51.353
51.501
51.646
51.788
51.929
52.067
52.203
52.337
52.468
52.598
52.726
52.852
52.976
53.098
53.218
53.337
53.455
53.571
53.685
53.799
53.910
54.021
2367.6
2526.8
2686.0
2845.1
3004.4
3163.8
3323.2
3482.7
3642.3
3802.0
3962.0
4122.0
4258.0
4282.4
4442.8
4603.7
4764.7
4926.1
5087.8
5250.0
5412.5
5575.4
5738.8
5902.6
6066.9
6231.7
6396.9
6562.6
6728.9
6895.6
7062.9
7230.9
7399.4
7568.4
7738.0
7908.2
8078.9
8250.4
8422.4
8595.0
8768.2
8942.0
9116.4
9291.4
9467.1
9643.4
9820.4
9998.0
10,176.1
10,354.9
10,534.4
10,714.5
10,895.3
11,076.6
11,258.7
11,441.4
1771.8
1891.3
2010.8
2130.2
2249.8
2369.4
2489.1
2608.9
2728.8
2848.8
2969.1
3089.4
3191.9
3210.0
3330.7
3451.9
3573.2
3694.9
3816.8
3939.3
4062.1
4185.3
4309.0
4433.1
4557.6
4682.7
4808.2
4934.2
5060.8
5187.8
5315.3
5443.6
5572.4
5701.7
5831.6
5962.0
6093.0
6224.8
6357.1
6490.0
6623.5
6757.5
6892.2
7027.5
7163.5
7300.1
7437.4
7575.2
7713.6
7852.7
7992.5
8132.9
8274.0
8415.5
8557.9
8700.9
40.439
40.952
41.435
41.889
42.320
42.728
43.117
43.487
43.841
44.182
44.508
44.821
45.079
45.124
45.415
45.696
45.970
46.235
46.492
46.741
46.984
47.219
47.450
47.673
47.893
48.106
48.316
48.520
48.721
48.916
49.109
49.298
49.483
49.665
49.843
50.019
50.191
50.360
50.528
50.693
50.854
51.013
51.171
51.325
51.478
51.630
51.777
51.925
52.070
52.212
52.354
52.494
52.631
52.768
52.903
53.037
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
440
460
480
500
520
537
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
720
740
760
780
800
820
840
860
880
900
920
940
960
980
1000
1020
1040
1060
1080
1100
1120
1140
1160
1180
1200
1220
1240
1260
1280
1300
1320
1340
1360
1380
TE-8
Table 9E. Ideal Gas Properties of Selected Gases
Oxygen (O2)
Nitrogen (N2)
T
h
u
so
h
u
so
T
[R]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/(lbmol∙R)]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/(lbmol∙R)]
[R]
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
440
460
480
500
520
537
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
720
740
760
780
800
820
840
860
880
900
920
940
960
980
1000
1020
1040
1060
1080
1100
1120
1140
1160
1180
1200
1220
1240
1260
1280
1300
1320
1340
1360
1380
2073.5
2212.6
2351.7
2490.8
2630.0
2769.1
2908.3
3047.5
3186.9
3326.5
3466.2
3606.1
3725.1
3746.2
3886.6
4027.3
4168.3
4309.7
4451.4
4593.5
4736.2
4879.3
5022.9
5167.0
5311.4
5456.4
5602.0
5748.1
5894.8
6041.9
6189.6
6337.9
6486.7
6636.1
6786.0
6936.4
7087.5
7238.9
7391.0
7543.6
7696.8
7850.4
8004.5
8159.1
8314.2
8469.8
8625.8
8782.4
8939.4
9096.7
9254.6
9412.9
9571.6
9730.7
9890.2
10,050.1
1477.8
1577.1
1676.5
1775.9
1875.3
1974.8
2074.3
2173.8
2273.4
2373.3
2473.2
2573.4
2658.7
2673.8
2774.5
2875.5
2976.8
3078.4
3180.4
3282.9
3385.8
3489.2
3593.1
3697.4
3802.2
3907.5
4013.3
4119.7
4226.6
4334.1
4442.0
4550.6
4659.7
4769.4
4879.5
4990.3
5101.6
5213.3
5325.7
5438.6
5552.1
5665.9
5780.3
5895.2
6010.6
6126.5
6242.8
6359.6
6476.9
6594.5
6712.7
6831.3
6950.2
7069.6
7189.4
7309.6
44.927
45.375
45.797
46.195
46.571
46.927
47.267
47.591
47.900
48.198
48.483
48.757
48.982
49.021
49.276
49.522
49.762
49.993
50.218
50.437
50.650
50.858
51.059
51.257
51.450
51.638
51.821
52.002
52.179
52.352
52.522
52.688
52.852
53.012
53.170
53.326
53.477
53.628
53.775
53.921
54.064
54.204
54.343
54.480
54.614
54.748
54.879
55.008
55.136
55.262
55.386
55.508
55.630
55.750
55.867
55.984
2082.0
2221.0
2360.0
2498.9
2638.0
2777.0
2916.1
3055.1
3194.1
3333.1
3472.2
3611.3
3729.5
3750.3
3889.5
4028.7
4167.9
4307.1
4446.4
4585.8
4725.3
4864.9
5004.5
5144.3
5284.1
5424.2
5564.4
5704.7
5845.3
5985.9
6126.9
6268.1
6409.6
6551.2
6693.1
6835.4
6977.9
7120.7
7263.8
7407.2
7551.0
7695.0
7839.3
7984.0
8129.0
8274.4
8420.0
8566.1
8712.6
8859.3
9006.4
9153.9
9301.8
9450.0
9598.6
9747.5
1486.2
1585.5
1684.4
1784.0
1883.4
1982.6
2082.0
2181.3
2280.6
2379.9
2479.3
2578.6
2663.1
2678.0
2777.4
2876.9
2976.4
3075.9
3175.5
3275.2
3374.9
3474.8
3574.7
3674.7
3774.9
3875.2
3975.7
4076.3
4177.1
4278.1
4379.4
4480.8
4582.6
4684.5
4786.7
4889.3
4992.0
5095.1
5198.5
5302.2
5406.2
5510.5
5615.2
5720.1
5825.4
5931.0
6037.0
6143.4
6250.1
6357.2
6464.5
6572.3
6680.4
6788.9
6897.8
7007.0
41.695
42.143
42.564
42.962
43.337
43.694
44.034
44.357
44.665
44.962
45.246
45.519
45.743
45.781
46.034
46.278
46.514
46.742
46.964
47.178
47.386
47.588
47.785
47.977
48.164
48.345
48.522
48.696
48.865
49.031
49.193
49.352
49.507
49.659
49.808
49.955
50.099
50.241
50.380
50.516
50.651
50.783
50.912
51.040
51.167
51.291
51.413
51.534
51.653
51.771
51.887
51.001
52.114
52.225
52.335
52.444
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
440
460
480
500
520
537
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
720
740
760
780
800
820
840
860
880
900
920
940
960
980
1000
1020
1040
1060
1080
1100
1120
1140
1160
1180
1200
1220
1240
1260
1280
1300
1320
1340
1360
1380
TE-9
Table 9E. Ideal Gas Properties of Selected Gases
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Water Vapor (H2O)
T
h
u
so
h
u
so
h
u
so
T
[R]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/(lbmol∙R)]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/(lbmol∙R)]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/(lbmol∙R)]
[R]
1400
1420
1440
1460
1480
1500
1520
1540
1560
1580
1600
1620
1640
1660
1680
1700
1720
1740
1760
1780
1800
1820
1840
1860
1900
1940
1980
2020
2060
2100
2140
2180
2220
2260
2300
2340
2380
2420
2460
2500
2540
2580
2620
2660
2700
2740
2780
2820
2860
2900
2940
2980
3020
3060
3100
3140
13,344.7
13,589.1
13,834.5
14,080.8
14,328.0
14,576.0
14,824.9
15,074.7
15,325.3
15,576.7
15,829.0
16,081.9
16,335.7
16,590.2
16,845.5
17,101.4
17,358.1
17,615.5
17,873.5
18,132.2
18,391.5
18,651.5
18,912.2
19,173.4
19,698
20,224
20,753
21,284
21,818
22,353
22,890
23,429
23,970
24,512
25,056
25,602
26,150
26,699
27,249
27,801
28,355
28,910
29,465
30,023
30,581
31,141
31,702
32,264
32,827
33,392
33,957
34,523
35,090
35,659
36,228
36,798
10,564.5
10,769.2
10,974.8
11,181.4
11,388.9
11,597.2
11,806.4
12,016.5
12,227.3
12,439.0
12,651.6
12,864.8
13,078.9
13,293.7
13,509.2
13,725.4
13,942.4
14,160.1
14,378.4
14,597.4
14,816.9
15,037.2
15,258.2
15,479.7
15,925
16,372
16,821
17,273
17,727
18,182
18,640
19,101
19,561
20,024
20,489
20,955
21,423
21,893
22,364
22,837
23,310
23,786
24,262
24,740
25,220
25,701
26,181
26,664
27,148
27,633
28,118
28,605
29,093
29,582
30,072
30,562
61.124
61.298
61.469
61.639
61.800
61.974
62.138
62.302
62.464
62.624
62.783
62.939
63.095
63.250
63.403
63.555
63.704
63.853
64.001
64.147
64.292
64.435
64.578
64.719
64.999
65.272
65.543
65.809
66.069
66.327
66.581
66.830
67.076
67.319
67.557
67.792
68.025
68.253
68.479
68.702
68.921
69.138
69.352
69.563
69.771
69.977
70.181
70.382
70.580
70.776
70.970
71.160
71.350
71.537
71.722
71.904
9948.1
10,100.0
10,252.2
10,404.8
10,557.8
10,711.1
10,864.9
11,019.0
11,173.4
11,328.2
11,483.4
11,638.9
11,794.7
11,950.9
12,107.5
12,264.3
12,421.4
12,579.0
12,736.7
12,894.9
13,053.2
13,212.0
13,371.0
13,530.2
13,850
14,170
14,492
14,815
15,139
15,463
15,789
16,116
16,443
16,722
17,101
17,431
17,762
18,093
18,426
18,759
19,093
19,427
19,762
20,098
20,434
20,771
21,108
21,446
21,785
22,124
22,463
22,803
23,144
23,485
23,826
24,168
7167.9
7280.1
7392.6
7505.4
7618.7
7732.3
7846.4
7960.8
8075.4
8190.5
8306.0
8421.8
8537.9
8654.4
8771.2
8888.3
9005.7
9123.6
9241.6
9360.0
9478.6
9597.7
9717.0
9836.5
10,077
10,318
10,560
10,803
11,048
11,293
11,539
11,787
12,035
12,284
12,534
12,784
13,035
13,287
13,541
13,794
14,048
14,303
14,559
14,815
15,072
15,330
15,588
15,846
16,105
16,365
16,625
16,885
17,146
17,408
17,670
17,932
54.129
54.237
54.344
54.448
54.522
54.665
54.757
54.858
54.958
55.056
55.154
55.251
55.347
55.411
55.535
55.628
55.720
55.811
55.900
55.990
56.078
56.166
56.253
56.339
56.509
56.677
56.841
57.007
57.161
57.317
57.470
57.621
57.770
57.917
58.062
58.204
58.344
58.482
58.619
58.754
58.885
59.016
59.145
59.272
59.398
59.521
59.644
59.765
59.884
60.002
60.118
60.232
60.346
60.458
60.569
60.679
11,624.8
11,808.8
11,993.4
12,178.8
12,364.8
12,551.4
12,738.8
12,926.8
13,115.6
13,305.0
13,494.4
13,685.7
13,877.0
14,069.2
14,261.9
14,455.4
14,649.5
14,844.3
15,039.8
15,236.1
15,433.0
15,630.6
15,828.7
16,027.6
16,428
16,830
17,235
17,643
18,054
18,467
18,883
19,301
19,722
20,145
20,571
20,999
21,429
21,862
22,298
22,735
23,175
23,618
24,062
24,508
24,957
25,408
25,861
26,316
26,773
27,231
27,692
28,154
28,619
29,085
29,553
30,023
8844.6
8988.9
9133.8
9279.4
9425.7
9572.7
9720.3
9868.6
10,017.6
10,167.3
10,317.6
10,468.6
10,620.2
10,772.7
10,925.6
11,079.4
11,233.8
11,388.9
11,544.7
11,701.2
11,858.4
12,016.3
12,174.7
12,333.9
12,654
12,977
13,303
13,632
13,963
14,297
14,633
14,972
15,313
15,657
16,003
16,352
16,703
17,057
17,413
17,771
18,131
18,494
18,859
19,226
19,595
19,967
20,340
20,715
21,093
21,472
21,853
22,237
22,621
23,085
23,397
23,787
53.168
53.299
53.428
53.556
53.682
53.808
53.932
54.055
54.117
54.298
54.418
54.535
54.653
54.770
54.886
54.999
55.113
55.226
55.339
55.449
55.559
55.668
55.777
55.884
56.097
56.307
56.514
56.719
56.920
57.119
57.315
57.509
57.701
57.889
58.077
58.261
58.445
58.625
58.803
58.980
59.155
59.328
59.500
59.669
59.837
60.003
60.167
60.330
60.490
60.650
60.809
60.965
61.120
61.274
61.426
61.577
1400
1420
1440
1460
1480
1500
1520
1540
1560
1580
1600
1620
1640
1660
1680
1700
1720
1740
1760
1780
1800
1820
1840
1860
1900
1940
1980
2020
2060
2100
2140
2180
2220
2260
2300
2340
2380
2420
2460
2500
2540
2580
2620
2660
2700
2740
2780
2820
2860
2900
2940
2980
3020
3060
3100
3140
TE-10
Table 9E. Ideal Gas Properties of Selected Gases
Oxygen (O2)
Nitrogen (N2)
T
h
u
so
h
u
so
T
[R]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/(lbmol∙R)]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/(lbmol∙R)]
[R]
1400
1420
1440
1460
1480
1500
1520
1540
1560
1580
1600
1620
1640
1660
1680
1700
1720
1740
1760
1780
1800
1820
1840
1860
1900
1940
1980
2020
2060
2100
2140
2180
2220
2260
2300
2340
2380
2420
2460
2500
2540
2580
2620
2660
2700
2740
2780
2820
2860
2900
2940
2980
3020
3060
3100
3140
10,210.4
10,371.0
10,532.0
10,693.3
10,855.1
11,017.1
11,179.6
11,342.4
11,505.4
11,668.8
11,832.5
11,996.6
12,160.9
12,325.5
12,490.4
12,655.6
12,821.1
12,986.9
13,153.0
13,319.2
13,485.8
13,652.5
13,819.6
13,986.8
14,322
14,658
14,995
15,333
15,672
16,011
16,351
16,692
17,036
17,376
17,719
18,062
18,407
18,572
19,097
19,443
19,790
20,138
20,485
20,834
21,183
21,533
21,883
22,232
22,584
22,936
23,288
23,641
23,994
24,348
24,703
25,057
7430.1
7551.1
7672.4
7793.9
7916.0
8038.3
8161.1
8284.2
8407.4
8531.1
8655.1
8779.5
8904.1
9029.0
9154.1
9279.6
9405.4
9531.5
9657.9
9784.4
9911.2
10,038.2
10,165.6
10,293.1
10,549
10,806
11,063
11,321
11,581
11,841
12,101
12,363
12,625
12,888
13,151
13,416
13,680
13,946
14,212
14,479
14,746
15,014
15,282
15,551
15,821
16,091
16,362
16,633
16,905
17,177
17,450
17,723
17,997
18,271
18,546
18,822
56.099
56.213
56.326
56.437
56.547
56.656
56.763
56.869
56.975
57.079
57.182
57.284
57.385
57.484
57.582
57.680
57.777
57.873
57.968
58.062
58.155
58.247
58.339
58.428
58.607
58.782
58.954
59.123
59.289
59.451
59.612
59.770
59.926
60.077
60.228
60.376
60.522
60.666
60.808
60.946
61.084
61.220
61.354
61.486
61.616
61.744
61.871
61.996
62.120
62.242
62.363
62.483
62.599
62.716
62.831
62.945
9896.9
10,046.6
10,196.6
10,347.0
10,497.8
10,648.0
10,800.4
10,952.2
11,104.3
11,256.9
11,409.7
11,562.8
11,716.4
11,870.2
12,024.3
12,178.9
12,333.7
12,488.8
12,644.3
12,800.2
12,956.3
13,112.7
13,269.5
13,426.5
13,742
14,058
14,375
14,694
15,013
15,334
15,656
15,978
16,302
16,626
16,951
17,277
17,604
17,932
18,260
18,590
18,919
19,250
19,582
19,914
20,246
20,580
20,914
21,248
21,584
21,920
22,256
22,593
22,930
23,268
23,607
23,946
7116.7
7226.7
7337.0
7447.6
7558.7
7670.1
7781.9
7893.9
8006.4
8119.2
8232.3
8345.7
8459.6
8573.6
8688.1
8802.9
8918.0
9033.4
9149.2
9265.3
9381.7
9498.4
9615.5
9732.8
9968
10,205
10,443
10,682
10,923
11,164
11,406
11,649
11,893
12,138
12,384
12,630
12,878
13,126
13,375
13,625
13,875
14,127
14,379
14,631
14,885
15,139
15,393
15,648
15,905
16,161
16,417
16,675
16,933
17,192
17,451
17,710
52.551
52.658
52.763
52.867
52.969
53.071
53.171
53.271
53.369
53.465
53.561
53.656
53.751
53.844
53.936
54.028
54.118
54.208
54.297
54.385
54.472
54.559
54.645
54.729
54.896
55.061
55.223
55.383
55.540
55.694
55.846
55.995
56.141
56.286
56.429
56.570
56.708
56.845
56.980
57.112
57.243
57.372
57.499
57.625
57.750
57.872
57.993
58.113
58.231
58.348
58.463
58.576
58.688
58.800
58.910
59.019
1400
1420
1440
1460
1480
1500
1520
1540
1560
1580
1600
1620
1640
1660
1680
1700
1720
1740
1760
1780
1800
1820
1840
1860
1900
1940
1980
2020
2060
2100
2140
2180
2220
2260
2300
2340
2380
2420
2460
2500
2540
2580
2620
2660
2700
2740
2780
2820
2860
2900
2940
2980
3020
3060
3100
3140
TE-11
Table 9E. Ideal Gas Properties of Selected Gases
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Water Vapor (H2O)
T
h
u
so
h
u
so
h
u
so
T
[R]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/(lbmol∙R)]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/(lbmol∙R)]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/(lbmol∙R)]
[R]
3180
3220
3260
3300
3340
3380
3420
3460
3500
3540
3580
3620
3660
3700
3740
3780
3820
3860
3900
3940
3980
4020
4060
4100
4140
4180
4220
4260
4300
4340
4380
4420
4460
4500
4540
4580
4620
4660
4700
4740
4780
4820
4860
4900
5000
5100
5200
5300
37,369
37,941
38,513
39,087
39,661
40,236
40,812
41,338
41,965
42,543
43,121
43,701
44,280
44,861
45,442
46,023
46,605
47,188
47,771
48,355
48,939
49,524
50,109
50,695
51,282
51,868
52,456
53,044
53,632
54,221
54,810
55,400
55,990
56,581
57,172
57,764
58,356
58,948
59,541
60,134
60,728
61,322
61,916
62,511
64,000
65,491
66,984
68,471
31,054
31,546
32,039
32,533
33,028
33,524
34,020
34,517
35,015
35,513
36,012
36,512
37,012
37,513
38,014
38,517
39,019
39,522
40,026
40,531
41,035
41,541
42,047
42,553
43,060
43,568
44,075
44,584
45,093
45,602
46,112
46,622
47,133
47,645
48,156
48,668
49,181
49,694
50,208
50,721
51,236
51,750
52,265
52,781
54,071
55,363
56,658
57,954
72.085
72.264
72.441
72.616
72.788
72.960
73.129
73.297
73.462
73.627
73.789
73.951
74.110
74.267
74.423
74.578
74.732
74.884
75.033
75.182
75.330
75.477
75.622
75.765
75.907
76.048
76.188
76.327
76.464
76.601
76.736
76.870
77.003
77.135
77.266
77.395
77.581
77.652
77.779
77.905
78.029
78.153
78.276
78.398
78.698
78.994
79.284
79.569
24,510
24,853
25,196
25,539
25,883
26,227
26,572
26,917
27,262
27,608
27,954
28,300
28,647
28,994
29,341
29,688
30,036
30,384
30,733
31,082
31,431
31,780
32,129
32,479
32,829
33,179
33,530
33,880
34,231
34,582
34,934
35,285
35,637
35,989
36,341
36,693
37,046
37,398
37,751
38,104
38,457
38,811
39,164
39,518
40,403
41,289
42,176
43,063
18,195
18,458
18,722
18,986
19,250
19,515
19,780
20,045
20,311
20,576
20,844
21,111
21,378
21,646
21,914
22,182
22,450
22,719
22,988
23,257
23,527
23,797
24,067
24,337
24,608
24,878
25,149
25,421
25,692
25,934
26,235
26,508
26,780
27,052
27,325
27,598
27,871
28,144
28,417
28,691
28,965
29,239
29,513
29,787
30,473
31,161
31,849
32,538
60.787
60.894
61.000
61.105
61.209
61.311
61.412
61.513
61.612
61.710
61.807
61.903
61.998
62.093
62.186
62.279
62.370
62.461
61.511
62.640
62.728
62.816
62.902
62.988
63.072
63.156
63.240
63.323
63.405
63.486
63.567
63.647
63.726
63.805
63.883
63.960
64.036
64.113
64.188
64.263
64.337
64.411
64.484
64.556
64.735
64.910
65.082
65.252
30,494
30,967
31,442
31,918
32,396
32,876
33,357
33,839
34,324
34,809
35,296
35,785
36,274
36,765
37,258
37,752
38,247
38,743
39,240
39,739
40,239
40,740
41,242
41,745
42,250
42,755
43,267
43,769
44,278
44,788
45,298
45,810
46,322
46,836
47,350
47,866
48,382
48,899
49,417
49,936
50,455
50,976
51,497
52,019
53,327
54,640
55,957
57,279
24,179
24,572
24,968
25,365
25,763
26,164
26,565
26,968
27,373
27,779
28,187
28,596
29,006
29,418
29,831
30,245
30,661
31,077
31,495
31,915
32,335
32,757
33,179
33,603
34,028
34,454
34,881
35,310
35,739
36,169
36,600
37,032
37,465
37,900
38,334
38,770
39,207
39,645
40,083
40,523
40,963
41,404
41,856
42,288
43,398
44,512
45,631
46,754
61.727
61.874
62.022
62.167
62.312
62.454
62.597
62.738
62.875
63.015
63.153
63.288
63.423
63.557
63.690
63.821
63.952
64.082
64.210
64.338
64.465
64.591
64.715
64.839
64.962
65.084
65.204
65.325
65.444
65.563
65.680
65.797
65.913
66.028
66.142
66.255
66.368
66.480
66.591
66.701
66.811
66.920
67.028
67.135
67.401
67.662
67.918
68.172
3180
3220
3260
3300
3340
3380
3420
3460
3500
3540
3580
3620
3660
3700
3740
3780
3820
3860
3900
3940
3980
4020
4060
4100
4140
4180
4220
4260
4300
4340
4380
4420
4460
4500
4540
4580
4620
4660
4700
4740
4780
4820
4860
4900
5000
5100
5200
5300
TE-12
Table 9E. Ideal Gas Properties of Selected Gases
Oxygen (O2)
Nitrogen (N2)
T
h
u
so
h
u
so
T
[R]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/(lbmol∙R)]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/(lbmol∙R)]
[R]
3180
3220
3260
3300
3340
3380
3420
3460
3500
3540
3580
3620
3660
3700
3740
3780
3820
3860
3900
3940
3980
4020
4060
4100
4140
4180
4220
4260
4300
4340
4380
4420
4460
4500
4540
4580
4620
4660
4700
4740
4780
4820
4860
4900
5000
5100
5200
5300
25,413
25,769
26,175
26,412
26,839
27,197
27,555
27,914
28,273
28,633
28,994
29,354
29,716
30,078
30,440
30,803
31,166
31,529
31,894
32,258
32,623
32,989
33,355
33,722
34,089
34,456
34,824
35,192
35,561
35,930
36,300
36,670
37,041
37,412
37,783
38,155
38,528
38,900
39,274
39,647
40,021
40,396
40,771
41,146
42,086
43,021
43,974
44,922
19,098
19,374
19,651
19,928
20,206
20,485
20,763
21,043
21,323
21,603
21,884
22,165
22,447
22,730
23,013
23,296
23,580
23,864
24,149
24,434
24,720
25,006
25,292
25,580
25,867
26,155
26,444
26,733
27,022
27,312
27,602
27,823
28,184
28,475
28,768
29,060
29,353
29,646
29,940
30,234
30,529
30,824
31,120
31,415
32,157
32,901
33,648
34,397
63.057
63.169
63.279
63.386
63.494
63.601
63.706
63.811
63.914
64.016
64.114
64.217
64.316
64.415
64.512
64.609
64.704
64.800
64.893
64.986
65.078
65.169
65.260
65.350
65.439
65.527
65.615
65.702
65.788
65.873
65.958
66.042
66.125
66.208
66.290
66.372
66.453
66.533
66.613
66.691
66.770
66.848
66.925
67.003
67.193
67.380
67.562
67.743
24,285
24,625
24,965
25,306
25,647
25,989
26,331
26,673
27,016
27,359
27,703
28,046
28,391
28,735
29,080
29,425
29,771
30,117
30,463
30,809
31,156
31,503
31,850
32,198
32,546
32,894
33,242
33,591
33,940
34,289
34,638
34,988
35,338
35,688
36,038
36,389
36,739
37,090
37,441
37,792
38,144
38,495
38,847
39,199
40,080
40,962
41,844
42,728
17,970
18,231
18,491
18,753
19,014
19,277
19,539
19,802
20,065
20,329
20,593
20,858
21,122
21,387
21,653
21,919
22,185
22,451
22,718
22,985
23,252
23,520
23,788
24,056
24,324
24,593
24,862
25,131
25,401
25,670
25,940
26,210
26,481
26,751
27,022
27,293
27,565
27,836
28,108
28,379
28,651
28,924
29,196
29,468
30,151
30,834
31,518
32,203
59.126
59.232
59.338
59.442
59.544
59.646
59.747
59.846
59.944
60.041
60.138
60.234
60.328
60.422
60.515
60.607
60.698
60.788
60.877
60.966
61.053
61.139
61.225
61.310
61.395
61.479
61.562
61.644
61.726
61.806
61.887
61.966
62.045
62.123
62.201
62.278
62.354
62.429
62.504
62.578
62.652
62.725
62.798
62.870
63.049
63.223
63.395
63.563
3180
3220
3260
3300
3340
3380
3420
3460
3500
3540
3580
3620
3660
3700
3740
3780
3820
3860
3900
3940
3980
4020
4060
4100
4140
4180
4220
4260
4300
4340
4380
4420
4460
4500
4540
4580
4620
4660
4700
4740
4780
4820
4860
4900
5000
5100
5200
5300
Source: M. J. Moran and H. N. Shapiro, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, 6th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008, pp. 905908. This material is reproduced with permission of Wiley Publishing Inc., a subsidiary of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
TE-13
Table 10E. Properties of Saturated Water (Liquid-Vapor): Temperature Table
Specific Volume
[ft3/lbm]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid
Vapor
(vf)
(vg)
0.01602
3305
0.01602
2948
0.01602
2445
0.01602
2037
0.01602
1704
0.01603
1589
Specific Internal
Energy
[BTU/lbm]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Vapor
(uf)
(ug)
–0.01
1021.2
2.99
1022.2
8.02
1023.9
13.04
1025.5
18.06
1027.2
20.06
1027.8
Specific Enthalpy
[BTU/lbm]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Evap.
Vapor
(hf)
(hfg)
(hg)
–0.01
1075.4 1075.4
3.00
1073.7 1076.7
8.02
1070.9 1078.9
13.04
1068.1 1081.1
18.06
1065.2 1083.3
20.07
1064.1 1084.2
Specific Entropy
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid
Vapor
(sf)
(sg)
–0.00003
2.1870
0.00607 2.1764
0.01617 2.1592
0.02618 2.1423
0.03607 2.1259
0.04000 2.1195
Temp
[oF]
32
35
40
45
50
52
Sat
Pressure
[lbf/in2]
0.0886
0.0999
0.1217
0.1475
0.1780
0.1917
54
56
58
60
62
64
0.2064
0.2219
0.2386
0.2563
0.2751
0.2952
0.01603
0.01603
0.01603
0.01604
0.01604
0.01604
1482
1383
1292
1207
1129
1056
22.07
24.08
26.08
28.08
30.09
32.09
1028.5
1029.1
1029.8
1030.4
1031.1
1031.8
22.07
24.08
26.08
28.08
30.09
32.09
1063.0
1061.9
1060.7
1059.6
1058.5
1057.3
1085.1
1085.9
1086.8
1087.7
1088.6
1089.4
0.04391
0.04781
0.05159
0.05555
0.05940
0.06323
2.1131
2.1068
2.1005
2.0943
2.0882
2.0821
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
0.3165
0.3391
0.3632
0.3887
0.4158
0.4446
0.01604
0.01605
0.01605
0.01606
0.01606
0.01606
988.4
925.8
867.7
813.7
763.5
716.8
34.09
36.09
38.09
40.09
42.09
44.09
1032.4
1033.1
1033.7
1034.4
1035.0
1035.7
34.09
36.09
38.09
40.09
42.09
44.09
1056.2
1055.1
1054.0
1052.8
1051.7
1050.6
1090.3
1091.2
1092.0
1092.9
1093.8
1094.7
0.06704
0.07084
0.07463
0.07839
0.08215
0.08589
2.0761
2.0701
2.0642
2.0584
2.0526
2.0469
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
0.4750
0.5073
0.5414
0.5776
0.6158
0.6562
0.6988
0.01607
0.01607
0.01608
0.01608
0.01609
0.01609
0.01610
673.3
632.8
595.0
559.8
527.0
496.3
467.7
46.09
48.08
50.08
52.08
54.08
56.07
58.07
1036.3
1037.0
1037.6
1038.3
1038.9
1039.6
1040.2
46.09
48.09
50.08
52.08
54.08
56.07
58.07
1049.4
1048.3
1047.2
1046.0
1044.9
1043.8
1042.7
1095.5
1096.4
1097.3
1098.1
1099.0
1099.9
1100.7
0.08961
0.09332
0.09701
0.1007
0.1044
0.1080
0.1117
2.0412
2.0356
2.0300
2.0245
2.0190
2.0136
2.0083
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
100
110
0.7439
0.7914
0.8416
0.8945
0.9503
1.276
0.01611
0.01611
0.01612
0.01612
0.01613
0.01617
440.9
415.9
392.4
370.5
350.0
265.1
60.06
62.06
64.05
66.05
68.04
78.02
1040.9
1041.5
1041.2
1042.8
1043.5
1046.7
60.06
62.06
64.06
66.05
68.05
78.02
1041.5
1040.4
1039.2
1038.1
1037.0
1031.3
1101.6
1102.4
1103.3
1104.2
1105.0
1109.3
0.1153
0.1189
0.1225
0.1261
0.1296
0.1473
2.0030
1.9977
1.9925
1.9874
1.9822
1.9574
92
94
96
98
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
1.695
2.225
2.892
3.722
4.745
0.01621
0.01625
0.01629
0.01634
0.01640
203.0
157.2
122.9
97.0
77.2
87.99
97.97
107.95
117.95
127.94
1049.9
1053.0
1056.2
1059.3
1062.3
88.00
97.98
107.96
117.96
127.96
1025.5
1019.8
1014.0
1008.1
1002.2
1113.5
1117.8
1121.9
1126.1
1130.1
0.1647
0.1817
0.1985
0.2150
0.2313
1.9336
1.9109
1.8892
1.8684
1.8484
120
130
140
150
160
TE-14
Temp
[oF]
32
35
40
45
50
52
Table 10E. Properties of Saturated Water (Liquid-Vapor): Temperature Table
Specific Volume
[ft3/lbm]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid
Vapor
(vf)
(vg)
0.01645
62.0
0.01651
50.2
0.01657
41.0
0.01663
33.6
0.01670
27.82
0.01672
26.80
Specific Internal
Energy
[BTU/lbm]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Vapor
(uf)
(ug)
137.95 1065.4
147.97 1068.3
158.00 1071.3
168.04 1074.2
178.1
1077.0
180.1
1077.6
Specific Enthalpy
[BTU/lbm]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid
Evap.
Vapor
(hf)
(hfg)
(hg)
137.97
996.2
1134.2
147.99
990.2
1138.2
158.03
984.1
1142.1
168.07
977.9
1145.9
178.1
971.6
1149.7
180.2
970.3
1150.5
Specific Entropy
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Vapor
(sf)
(sg)
0.2473 1.8293
0.2631 1.8109
0.2787 1.7932
0.2940 1.7762
0.3091 1.7599
0.3121 1.7567
Temp
[oF]
170
180
190
200
210
212
Sat
Pressure
[lbf/in2]
5.996
7.515
9.343
11.529
14.13
14.70
220
230
240
250
260
270
17.19
20.78
24.97
29.82
35.42
41.85
0.01677
0.01685
0.01692
0.01700
0.01708
0.01717
23.15
19.39
16.33
13.83
11.77
10.07
188.2
198.3
208.4
218.5
228.6
238.8
1079.8
1082.6
1085.3
1087.9
1090.5
1093.0
188.2
198.3
208.4
218.6
228.8
239.0
965.3
958.8
952.3
945.6
938.8
932.0
1153.5
1157.1
1160.7
1164.2
1167.6
1170.9
0.3241
0.3388
0.3534
0.3677
0.3819
0.3960
1.7441
1.7289
1.7143
1.7001
1.6864
1.6731
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
49.18
57.53
66.98
77.64
89.60
103.00
0.01726
0.01735
0.01745
0.01755
0.01765
0.01776
8.65
7.47
6.472
5.632
4.919
4.312
249.0
259.3
269.5
279.8
290.1
300.5
1095.4
1097.7
1100.0
1102.1
1104.2
1106.2
249.2
259.4
269.7
280.1
290.4
300.8
924.9
917.8
910.4
903.0
895.3
887.5
1174.1
1177.2
1180.2
1183.0
1185.8
1188.4
0.4099
0.4236
0.4372
0.4507
0.4640
0.4772
1.6602
1.6477
1.6356
1.6238
1.6123
1.6010
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
117.93
134.53
152.92
173.23
195.60
220.2
247.1
0.01787
0.01799
0.01811
0.01823
0.01836
0.01850
0.01864
3.792
3.346
2.961
2.628
2.339
2.087
1.866
310.9
321.4
331.8
342.4
353.0
363.6
374.3
1108.0
1109.8
1111.4
1112.9
1114.3
1115.6
1116.6
311.3
321.8
332.4
343.0
353.6
364.3
375.1
879.5
871.3
862.9
854.2
845.4
836.2
826.8
1190.8
1193.1
1195.2
1197.2
1199.0
1200.6
1202.0
0.4903
0.5033
0.5162
0.5289
0.5416
0.5542
0.5667
1.5901
1.5793
1.5688
1.5585
1.5483
1.5383
1.5284
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
276.5
308.5
343.3
381.2
422.1
466.3
0.01878
0.01894
0.01909
0.01926
0.01943
0.01961
1.673
1.502
1.352
1.219
1.1011
0.9961
385.0
395.8
406.7
417.6
428.6
439.7
1117.6
1118.3
1118.9
1119.3
1119.5
1119.6
386.0
396.9
407.9
419.0
430.2
441.1
817.2
807.2
796.9
786.3
775.4
764.1
1203.1
1204.1
1204.8
1205.3
1205.6
1205.5
0.5792
0.5915
0.6038
0.6161
0.6282
0.6404
1.5187
1.5091
1.4995
1.4900
1.4806
1.4712
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
520
514.1
565.5
620.7
680.0
811.4
0.01980
0.02000
0.02021
0.02043
0.02091
0.9025
0.8187
0.7436
0.6761
0.5605
450.9
462.2
473.6
485.1
508.5
1119.4
1118.9
1118.3
1117.4
1114.8
452.8
464.3
475.9
487.7
511.7
752.4
740.3
727.8
714.8
687.3
1205.2
1204.6
1203.7
1202.5
1198.9
0.6525
0.6646
0.6767
0.6888
0.7130
1.4618
1.4524
1.4430
1.4335
1.4145
470
480
490
500
520
TE-15
Temp
[oF]
170
180
190
200
210
212
Table 10E. Properties of Saturated Water (Liquid-Vapor): Temperature Table
Temp
[oF]
540
560
580
600
620
640
Sat
Pressure
[lbf/in2]
961.5
1131.8
1324.3
1541.0
1784.4
2057.1
660
680
700
705.4
2362
2705
3090
3204
Specific Volume
[ft3/lbm]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid
Vapor
(vf)
(vg)
0.02145 0.4658
0.02207 0.3877
0.02278 0.3225
0.02363 0.2677
0.02465 0.2209
0.02593 0.1805
0.02767
0.03032
0.03666
0.05053
0.1446
0.1113
0.0744
0.05053
Specific Internal
Energy
[BTU/lbm]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Vapor
(uf)
(ug)
532.6
1111.0
548.4
1105.8
583.1
1098.9
609.9
1090.0
638.3
1078.5
668.7
1063.2
702.3
741.7
801.7
872.6
Specific Enthalpy
[BTU/lbm]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid
Evap.
Vapor
(hf)
(hfg)
(hg)
536.4
657.5
1193.8
562.0
625.0
1187.0
588.6
589.3
1178.0
616.7
549.7
1166.4
646.4
505.0
1151.4
678.6
453.4
1131.9
1042.3
1011.0
947.7
872.6
714.4
756.9
822.7
902.5
391.1
309.8
167.5
0
1105.5
1066.7
990.2
902.5
Specific Entropy
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Vapor
(sf)
(sg)
0.7374 1.3950
0.7620 1.3749
0.7872 1.3540
0.8130 1.3317
0.8398 1.3075
0.8681 1.2803
Temp
[oF]
540
560
580
600
620
640
0.8990
0.9350
0.9902
1.0580
660
680
700
705.4
1.2483
1.2068
1.1346
1.0580
Source: Tables 10E through 13E are extracted from J. H. Keenan, F. G. Keyes, P. G. Hill, and J. G. Moore, Steam Tables, Wiley, New
York, 1969. This material is reproduced with permission of Wiley Publishing Inc., a subsidiary of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
TE-16
Table 11E. Properties of Saturated Water (Liquid-Vapor): Pressure Table
Press.
(P)
[lbf/in2]
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.5
Sat
Temp.
(Tsat)
[oF]
72.84
85.19
94.35
101.70
107.88
115.65
Specific Volume
[ft3/lbm]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid
Vapor
(vf)
(vg)
0.01606
792.0
0.01609
540.0
0.01611
411.7
0.01614
333.6
0.01616
280.9
0.01619
227.7
Specific Internal
Energy
[BTU/lbm]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Vapor
(uf)
(ug)
40.94
1034.7
53.26
1038.7
62.41
1041.7
69.74
1044.0
75.90
1046.0
83.65
1048.5
Specific Enthalpy
[BTU/lbm]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Evap. Vapor
(hf)
(hfg)
(hg)
40.94
1052.3 1093.3
53.27
1045.4 1098.6
62.41
1040.2 1102.6
69.74
1036.0 1105.8
75.90
1032.5 1108.4
83.65
1028.0 1111.7
Specific Entropy
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Vapor
(sf)
(sg)
0.0800 2.0559
0.1029 2.0213
0.1195 1.9968
0.1327 1.9779
0.1436 1.9626
0.1571 1.9438
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
126.04
141.43
152.93
162.21
170.03
176.82
0.01623
0.01630
0.01636
0.01641
0.01645
0.01649
173.75
118.72
90.64
73.53
61.98
53.65
94.02
109.38
120.88
130.15
137.98
144.78
1051.8
1056.6
1060.2
1063.0
1065.4
1067.4
94.02
109.39
120.89
130.17
138.00
144.80
1022.1
1013.1
1006.4
1000.9
996.2
992.1
1116.1
1122.5
1127.3
1131.0
1134.2
1136.9
0.1750
0.2009
0.2198
0.2349
0.2474
0.2581
1.9198
1.8861
1.8624
1.8441
1.8292
1.8167
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10
14.696
15
20
182.84
188.26
193.19
211.99
213.03
227.96
0.01653
0.01656
0.01659
0.01672
0.01672
0.01683
47.35
42.41
38.42
26.80
26.29
20.09
150.81
156.25
161.20
180.10
181.14
196.19
1069.2
1070.8
1072.2
1077.6
1077.9
1082.0
150.84
156.27
161.23
180.15
181.19
196.26
988.4
985.1
982.1
970.4
969.7
960.1
1139.3
1141.4
1143.3
1150.5
1150.9
1156.4
0.2675
0.2760
0.2836
0.3121
0.3137
0.3358
1.8058
1.7963
1.7877
1.7567
1.7551
1.7320
8.0
9.0
10
14.696
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
240.08
250.34
259.30
267.26
274.46
281.03
287.10
0.01692
0.01700
0.01708
0.01715
0.01721
0.01727
0.01733
13.31
13.75
11.90
10.50
9.40
8.52
7.79
208.44
218.84
227.93
236.03
243.37
250.08
256.28
1085.3
1088.0
1090.3
1092.3
1094.0
1095.6
1097.0
208.52
218.93
228.04
236.16
243.51
250.24
256.46
952.2
945.4
939.3
933.8
928.8
924.2
919.9
1160.7
1164.3
1167.4
1170.0
1172.3
1174.4
1176.3
0.3535
0.3682
0.3809
0.3921
0.4022
0.4113
0.4196
1.7142
1.6996
1.6873
1.6767
1.6673
1.6589
1.6513
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
292.73
298.00
302.96
307.63
312.07
316.29
0.01738
0.01743
0.01748
0.01752
0.01757
0.01761
7.177
6.647
6.209
5.818
5.474
5.170
262.1
267.5
272.6
277.4
282.0
286.3
1098.3
1099.5
1100.6
1101.6
1102.6
1103.5
262.2
267.7
272.8
277.6
282.2
286.6
915.8
911.9
908.3
904.8
901.4
898.2
1178.0
1179.6
1181.0
1182.4
1183.6
1184.8
0.4273
0.4345
0.4412
0.4475
0.4534
0.4591
1.6443
1.6380
1.6321
1.6265
1.6213
1.6165
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
110
120
320.31
324.16
327.86
334.82
341.30
0.01766
0.01770
0.01774
0.01781
0.01789
4.898
4.654
4.434
4.051
3.730
290.5
294.5
298.3
305.5
312.3
1104.3
1105.0
1105.8
1107.1
1108.3
290.8
294.8
298.6
305.9
312.7
895.1
892.1
889.2
883.7
878.5
1185.9
1186.9
1187.8
1189.6
1191.1
0.4644
0.4695
0.4744
0.4836
0.4920
1.6119
1.6075
1.6034
1.5958
1.5886
90
95
100
110
120
TE-17
Press.
(P)
[lbf/in2]
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.5
Table 11E. Properties of Saturated Water (Liquid-Vapor): Pressure Table
Specific Internal
Energy
[BTU/lbm]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Vapor
(uf)
(ug)
318.6
1109.4
324.6
1110.3
330.2
1111.2
335.6
1112.0
340.8
1112.7
345.7
1113.4
Press.
(P)
[lbf/in2]
130
140
150
160
170
180
Sat
Temp.
(Tsat)
[oF]
347.37
353.08
358.48
363.60
368.47
373.13
Specific Volume
[ft3/lbm]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid
Vapor
(vf)
(vg)
0.01796
3.457
0.01802
3.221
0.01809
3.016
0.01815
2.836
0.01821
2.676
0.01827
2.553
190
200
250
300
350
400
377.59
381.86
401.04
417.43
431.82
444.70
0.01833
0.01839
0.01865
0.01890
0.01912
0.01934
2.405
2.289
1.845
1.544
1.327
1.162
350.4
354.9
375.4
393.0
408.7
422.8
1114.0
1114.6
1116.7
1118.2
1119.0
1119.5
351.0
355.6
376.2
394.1
409.9
424.2
847.5
843.7
825.8
809.8
795.0
781.2
1198.6
1199.3
1202.1
1203.9
1204.9
1205.5
0.5386
0.5440
0.5680
0.5883
0.6060
0.6218
1.5508
1.5465
1.5274
1.5115
1.4977
1.4856
190
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
700
800
456.39
467.13
477.07
486.33
503.23
518.36
0.01955
0.01975
0.01994
0.02013
0.02051
0.02087
1.033
0.928
0.842
0.770
0.656
0.569
435.7
447.7
458.9
469.4
488.9
506.6
1119.6
1119.4
1119.1
1118.6
1117.0
1115.0
437.4
449.5
460.9
471.7
491.5
509.7
768.2
755.8
743.9
732.4
710.5
689.6
1205.6
1205.3
1204.8
1204.1
1202.0
1199.3
0.6360
0.6490
0.6611
0.6723
0.6927
0.7110
1.4745
1.4644
1.4451
1.4464
1.4305
1.4160
450
500
550
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
532.12
544.75
556.45
567.37
577.60
587.25
596.39
0.02123
0.02159
0.02195
0.02232
0.02269
0.02307
0.02346
0.501
0.446
0.401
0.362
0.330
0.302
0.277
523.0
538.4
552.9
566.7
579.9
592.7
605.0
1112.6
1109.9
1106.8
1103.5
1099.8
1096.0
1091.8
526.6
542.4
557.4
571.7
585.4
598.6
611.5
669.5
650.0
631.0
612.3
593.8
575.5
557.2
1196.0
1192.4
1188.3
1183.9
1179.2
1174.1
1168.7
0.7277
0.7432
0.7576
0.7712
0.7841
0.7964
0.8082
1.4027
1.3903
1.3786
1.3673
1.3565
1.3461
1.3359
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2250
605.06
613.32
621.21
628.76
636.00
652.90
0.02386
0.02428
0.02472
0.02517
0.02565
0.02698
0.255
0.236
0.218
0.203
0.188
0.157
616.9
628.6
640.0
651.3
662.4
689.9
1087.4
1082.7
1077.7
1072.3
1066.6
1050.6
624.0
636.2
648.3
660.1
671.9
701.1
538.9
520.6
502.1
483.4
464.4
414.8
1162.9
1156.9
1150.4
1143.5
1136.3
1115.9
0.8196
0.8307
0.8414
0.8519
0.8623
0.8876
1.3258
1.3159
1.3060
1.2961
1.2861
1.2604
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3203.6
668.31
682.46
695.52
705.44
0.02860
0.03077
0.03431
0.05053
0.131
0.107
0.084
0.0505
717.7
747.36
783.4
872.6
1031.0
1005.9
968.8
872.6
730.9
763.0
802.5
902.5
360.5
297.4
213.0
0
1091.4
1060.4
1015.5
902.5
0.9131
0.9401
0.9732
1.0580
1.2327
1.2005
1.1575
1.0580
2500
2750
3000
3203.6
TE-18
Specific Enthalpy
[BTU/lbm]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Evap. Vapor
(hf)
(hfg)
(hg)
319.0
873.5
1192.5
325.1
868.7
1193.8
330.8
864.2
1194.9
336.2
859.8
1196.0
341.3
855.6
1196.9
346.3
851.5
1197.8
Specific Entropy
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Vapor
(sf)
(sg)
0.4999 1.5821
0.5073 1.5761
0.5142 1.5704
0.5208 1.5651
0.5270 1.5600
0.5329 1.5552
Press.
(P)
[lbf/in2]
130
140
150
160
170
180
Table 12E. Properties of Superheated Water Vapor
T
[oF]
v
[ft3/lbm]
u
[BTU/lbm]
h
[BTU/lbm]
s
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
v
[ft3/lbm]
P = 1 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 36.16oF)
Sat.
150
200
250
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
333.6
362.6
392.5
422.4
452.3
511.9
571.5
631.1
690.7
750.3
809.9
869.5
1044.0
1060.4
1077.5
1094.7
1112.0
1147.0
1182.8
1219.3
1256.7
1294.4
1333.9
1373.9
1105.8
1127.5
1150.1
1172.8
1195.7
1241.8
1288.5
1336.1
1384.5
1433.7
1483.8
1534.8
38.42
38.85
41.95
44.99
51.03
57.04
63.03
69.01
74.98
80.95
86.91
92.88
1072.2
1074.7
1092.6
1110.4
1146.1
1182.2
1218.9
1256.3
1294.6
1333.7
1373.8
1414.7
1143.3
1146.6
1170.2
1193.7
1240.5
1287.7
1335.5
1384.0
1433.3
1483.5
1534.6
1586.6
1.9779
2.0151
2.0508
2.0839
2.1150
2.1720
2.2235
2.2706
2.3142
2.3550
2.3932
2.4294
20.09
20.79
22.36
23.90
23.43
28.46
31.47
34.47
37.46
40.45
43.44
46.42
1082.0
1090.3
1108.7
1126.9
1145.1
1181.5
1218.4
1255.9
1294.3
1333.5
1373.5
1414.5
1156.4
1167.2
1191.5
1215.4
1239.2
1286.8
1334.8
1383.5
1432.9
1483.2
1534.3
1586.3
s
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
73.53
1063.0
1131.0
1.8441
78.15
84.21
90.24
102.24
114.20
126.15
138.08
150.01
161.94
173.86
1076.0
1093.8
1111.3
1146.6
1182.5
1219.1
1256.5
1294.7
1333.8
1373.9
1148.6
1171.7
1194.8
1241.2
1288.2
1335.8
1384.3
1433.5
1483.7
1534.7
1.8715
1.9052
1.9367
1.9941
2.0458
2.0930
2.1367
2.1775
2.2158
2.2520
T
[oF]
Sat.
150
200
250
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
P = 14.7 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 212.0oF)
1.7877
1.7927
1.8272
1.8592
1.9171
1.9690
2.0164
2.0601
2.1009
2.1393
2.1755
2.2099
26.80
1077.6
1150.5
1.7567
28.42
30.52
34.67
38.77
42.86
46.93
51.00
55.07
59.13
63.19
1091.5
1109.6
1145.6
1181.8
1218.6
1256.1
1294.4
1333.6
1373.7
1414.6
1168.8
1192.6
1239.9
1287.3
1335.2
1383.8
1433.1
1483.4
1534.5
1586.4
1.7832
1.8157
1.8741
1.9263
1.9737
2.0175
2.0584
2.0967
2.1330
2.1674
P = 20 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 228.0oF)
Sat.
250
300
350
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
h
[BTU/lbm]
P = 5 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 162.2oF)
P = 10 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 193.2oF)
Sat.
200
250
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
u
[BTU/lbm]
Sat.
200
250
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
P = 40 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 267.3oF)
1.7320
1.7475
1.7805
1.8110
1.8395
1.8919
1.9395
1.9834
2.0243
2.0627
2.0989
2.1334
TE-19
10.50
1093.3
1170.0
1.6767
11.04
11.84
12.62
14.16
15.69
17.20
18.70
20.20
21.70
23.20
1105.1
1124.2
1143.0
1180.1
1217.3
1255.1
1293.7
1333.0
1373.1
1414.2
1186.8
1211.8
1236.4
1284.9
1333.4
1382.4
1432.1
1482.5
1533.8
1585.9
1.6993
1.7312
1.7606
1.8140
1.8621
1.9063
1.9474
1.9859
2.0223
2.0568
Sat.
250
300
350
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
Table 12E. Properties of Superheated Water Vapor
T
[oF]
v
[ft3/lbm]
u
[BTU/lbm]
h
[BTU/lbm]
s
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
v
[ft3/lbm]
P = 60 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 292.7oF)
Sat.
300
350
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
7.17
7.26
7.82
8.35
9.40
10.43
11.44
12.45
13.45
14.45
15.45
16.45
1098.3
1101.3
1121.4
1140.8
1178.6
1216.3
1254.4
1293.0
1332.5
1372.7
1413.8
1455.8
1178.0
1181.9
1208.2
1233.5
1283.0
1332.1
1381.4
1431.2
1481.8
1533.2
1585.4
1638.5
4.434
4.592
4.934
5.265
5.587
6.216
6.834
7.445
8.053
8.657
9.260
9.861
1105.8
1115.4
1136.2
1156.2
1175.7
1214.2
1252.8
1291.8
1331.5
1371.9
1413.1
1455.2
1187.8
1200.4
1227.5
1253.6
1279.1
1329.3
1379.2
1429.6
1480.5
1532.1
1584.5
1637.7
1.6444
1.6496
1.6830
1.7134
1.7678
1.8165
1.8609
1.9022
1.9408
1.9773
2.0119
2.0448
3.221
3.466
3.713
3.952
4.184
4.412
4.860
5.301
5.739
6.173
6.605
7.036
1110.3
1131.4
1152.4
1172.7
1192.5
1212.1
1251.2
1290.5
1330.4
1371.0
1412.4
1454.6
1193.8
1221.2
1248.6
1275.1
1300.9
1326.4
1377.1
1427.9
1479.1
1531.0
1583.6
1636.9
s
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
T
[oF]
5.47
1102.6
1183.6
1.6214
5.80
6.22
7.02
7.79
8.56
9.32
10.08
10.83
11.58
12.33
1118.5
1138.5
1177.2
1215.3
1253.6
1292.4
1332.0
1372.3
1413.5
1455.5
1204.3
1230.6
1281.1
1330.7
1380.3
1430.4
1481.2
1532.6
1584.9
1638.1
1.6476
1.6790
1.7346
1.7838
1.8285
1.8700
1.9087
1.9453
1.9799
2.0130
Sat.
300
350
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1.5886
1.5950
1.6288
1.6590
1.6868
1.7371
1.7825
1.8243
1.8633
1.9000
1.9348
1.9679
Sat.
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1.5651
1.5911
1.6230
1.6518
1.6785
1.7034
1.7494
1.7916
1.8308
1.8677
1.9026
1.9358
Sat.
400
450
500
550
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
P = 120 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 341.3oF)
1.6034
1.6090
1.6517
1.6812
1.7085
1.7582
1.8033
1.8449
1.8838
1.9204
1.9551
1.9882
3.730
3.783
4.079
4.360
4.633
5.164
5.682
6.195
6.703
7.208
7.711
8.213
P = 140 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 353.1oF)
Sat.
400
450
500
550
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
h
[BTU/lbm]
P = 80 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 312.1oF)
P = 100 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 327.8oF)
Sat.
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
u
[BTU/lbm]
1108.3
1112.2
1133.8
1154.3
1174.2
1213.2
1252.0
1291.2
1330.9
1371.5
1412.8
1454.9
1191.1
1196.2
1224.4
1251.2
1277.1
1327.8
1378.2
1428.7
1479.8
1531.5
1584.0
1637.3
P = 160 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 363.6oF)
1.5761
1.6088
1.6399
1.6682
1.6945
1.7191
1.7648
1.8068
1.8459
1.8827
1.9176
1.9507
2.836
3.007
3.228
3.440
3.646
3.848
4.243
4.631
5.015
5.397
5.776
6.154
TE-20
1112.0
1128.8
1150.5
1171.2
1191.3
1211.1
1250.4
1289.9
1329.9
1370.6
1412.1
1454.3
1196.0
1217.8
1246.1
1273.0
1299.2
1325.0
1376.0
1427.0
1478.4
1530.4
1583.1
1636.5
Table 12E. Properties of Superheated Water Vapor
T
[oF]
v
[ft3/lbm]
u
[BTU/lbm]
h
[BTU/lbm]
s
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
v
[ft3/lbm]
P = 180 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 373.1oF)
Sat.
400
450
500
550
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
2.533
2.648
2.850
3.042
3.228
3.409
3.763
4.110
4.453
4.793
5.131
5.467
1113.4
1126.2
1148.5
1169.6
1190.0
1210.0
1249.6
1289.36
1329.4
1370.2
1411.7
1454.0
1197.8
1214.4
1243.4
1270.9
1297.5
1323.5
1374.9
1426.2
1477.7
1529.8
1582.6
1636.1
1.845
2.002
2.150
2.290
2.426
2.688
2.943
3.193
3.440
3.685
3.929
4.172
1116.7
1141.1
1163.8
1185.3
1206.1
1246.7
1287.0
1327.6
1368.7
1410.5
1453.0
1496.3
1202.1
1233.7
1263.3
1291.3
1318.3
1371.1
1423.2
1475.3
1527.9
1581.0
1634.8
1689.3
1.5553
1.5749
1.6078
1.6372
1.6642
1.6893
1.7357
1.7781
1.8174
1.8545
1.8894
1.9227
2.289
2.361
2.548
2.724
2.893
3.058
3.379
3.693
4.003
4.310
4.615
4.918
1.327
1.373
1.491
1.600
1.703
1.898
2.085
2.267
2.446
2.624
2.799
2.974
1119.0
1129.2
1154.9
1178.3
1200.3
1242.5
1283.8
1325.0
1366.6
1408.7
1451.5
1495.0
1204.9
1218.2
1251.5
1281.9
1310.6
1365.4
1418.8
1471.8
1525.0
1578.6
1632.8
1687.6
s
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
T
[oF]
1114.6
1123.5
1146.4
1168.0
1188.7
1208.9
1248.8
1288.6
1328.9
1369.8
1411.4
1453.7
1199.3
1210.8
1240.7
1268.8
1295.7
1322.1
1373.8
1425.3
1477.1
1529.3
1582.2
1635.7
1.5464
1.5600
1.5938
1.6239
1.6512
1.6767
1.7234
1.7660
1.8055
1.8425
1.8776
1.9109
Sat.
400
450
500
550
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1.5115
1.5365
1.5701
1.5997
1.6266
1.6751
1.7187
1.7589
1.7964
1.8317
1.8653
1.8973
Sat.
450
500
550
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1.4856
1.4901
1.5282
1.5605
1.5892
1.6397
1.6844
1.7252
1.7632
1.7989
1.8327
1.8648
Sat.
450
500
550
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
P = 300 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 417.4oF)
1.5274
1.5632
1.5948
1.6233
1.6494
1.6970
1.7301
1.7799
1.8172
1.8524
1.8858
1.9177
1.544
1.636
1.766
1.888
2.004
2.227
2.442
2.653
2.860
3.066
3.270
3.473
P = 350 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 431.8oF)
Sat.
450
500
550
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
h
[BTU/lbm]
P = 200 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 381.8oF)
P = 250 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 401.0oF)
Sat.
450
500
550
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
u
[BTU/lbm]
1118.2
1135.4
1159.5
1181.9
1203.2
1244.0
1285.4
1326.3
1367.7
1409.6
1452.2
1495.6
1203.9
1226.2
1257.5
1286.7
1314.5
1368.3
1421.0
1473.6
1526.5
1579.8
1633.8
1688.4
P = 400 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 444.7oF)
1.4978
1.5125
1.5482
1.5790
1.6068
1.6562
1.7004
1.7409
1.7787
1.8142
1.8478
1.8799
1.162
1.175
1.284
1.383
1.476
1.650
1.816
1.978
2.136
2.292
2.446
2.599
TE-21
1119.5
1122.6
1150.1
1174.6
1197.3
1240.4
1282.1
1323.7
1365.5
1407.8
1450.7
1494.3
1205.5
1209.5
1245.2
1277.0
1306.6
1362.5
1416.6
1470.1
1523.6
1577.4
1621.8
1686.8
Table 12E. Properties of Superheated Water Vapor
T
[oF]
v
[ft3/lbm]
u
[BTU/lbm]
h
[BTU/lbm]
s
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
v
[ft3/lbm]
P = 450 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 456.4oF)
Sat.
500
550
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1.033
1.123
1.215
1.300
1.458
1.608
1.752
1.894
2.034
2.172
2.308
2.444
1119.6
1145.1
1170.7
1194.3
1238.2
1280.5
1322.4
1364.4
1406.9
1450.0
1493.7
1538.1
1205.6
1238.5
1271.9
1302.5
1359.6
1414.4
1468.3
1522.2
1576.3
1630.8
1685.9
1741.7
0.770
0.795
0.875
0.946
1.073
1.190
1.302
1.411
1.517
1.622
1.726
1.829
1118.6
1128.0
1158.2
1184.5
1231.5
1275.4
1318.4
1361.2
1404.2
1447.7
1491.7
1536.5
1204.1
1216.2
1255.4
1289.5
1350.6
1407.6
1462.9
1517.8
1572.7
1627.8
1683.4
1739.5
1.4746
1.5097
1.5436
1.5732
1..6248
1.6701
1.7113
1.7495
1.7853
1.8192
1.8515
1.8823
0.928
0.992
1.079
1.158
1.304
1.441
1.572
1.701
1.827
1.952
2.075
2.198
0.569
0.615
0.677
0.732
0.783
0.876
0.964
1.048
1.130
1.210
1.289
1.367
1115.0
1138.8
1170.1
1197.2
1222.1
1268.5
1312.9
1356.7
1400.5
1444.6
1489.4
1534.2
1199.3
1229.9
1270.4
1305.6
1338.0
1398.2
1455.6
1511.9
1567.8
1623.8
1680.0
1736.6
s
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
T
[oF]
1119.4
1139.7
1166.7
1191.1
1236.0
1278.8
1321.0
1363.3
1406.0
1449.2
1493.1
1537.6
1205.3
1231.5
1266.6
1298.3
1356.7
1412.1
1466.5
1520.7
1575.1
1629.8
1685.1
1741.0
1.4645
1.4923
1.5279
1.5585
1.6112
1.6571
1.6987
1.7371
1.7731
1.8072
1.8395
1.8704
Sat.
500
550
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
P = 700 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 503.2oF)
1.4464
1.4592
1.4990
1.5320
1.5872
1.6343
1.6766
1.7155
1.7519
1.7861
1.8186
1.8497
0.656
1117.0
1202.0
1.4305
0.728
0.793
0.907
1.011
1.109
1.204
1.296
1.387
1.476
1.565
1149.0
1177.5
1226.9
1272.0
1315.6
1358.9
1402.4
1446.2
1490.4
1535.3
1243.2
1280.2
1344.4
1402.9
1459.3
1514.9
1570.2
1625.8
1681.7
1738.1
1.4723
1.5081
1.5661
1.6145
1.6576
1.6970
1.7337
1.7682
1.8009
1.8321
Sat.
500
550
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1.4027
1.4219
1.4652
1.4999
1.5297
1.5810
1.6257
1.6662
1.7036
1.7386
1.7717
1.8031
Sat.
550
600
650
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
P = 800 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 518.3oF)
Sat.
550
600
650
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
h
[BTU/lbm]
P = 500 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 467.1oF)
P = 600 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 486.3oF)
Sat.
500
550
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
u
[BTU/lbm]
P = 900 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 532.1oF)
1.4160
1.4469
1.4861
1.5186
1.5471
1.5969
1.6408
1.6807
1.7178
1.7526
1.7854
1.8167
0.501
0.527
0.587
0.639
0.686
0.772
0.851
0.927
1.001
1.073
1.144
1.214
TE-22
1112.6
1127.5
1162.2
1191.1
1217.1
1264.9
1310.1
1354.5
1398.7
1443.0
1487.8
1533.0
1196.0
1215.2
1260.0
1297.5
1331.4
1393.4
1451.9
1508.9
1565.4
1621.7
1687.3
1735.1
Table 12E. Properties of Superheated Water Vapor
T
[oF]
v
[ft3/lbm]
u
[BTU/lbm]
h
[BTU/lbm]
s
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
v
[ft3/lbm]
P = 1000 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 544.7oF)
Sat.
600
650
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1600
0.446
0.514
0.564
0.608
0.688
0.761
0.831
0.898
0.963
1.027
1.091
1.215
1109.0
1153.7
1184.7
1212.0
1261.2
1307.3
1352.2
1396.8
1441.5
1486.5
1531.9
1624.4
1192.4
1248.8
1289.1
1324.6
1388.5
1448.1
1505.9
1562.9
1619.7
1676.5
1733.7
1849.3
0.302
0.318
0.367
0.406
0.471
0.529
0.582
0.632
0.681
0.728
0.774
0.865
1096.0
1110.9
1155.5
1189.6
1245.8
1295.6
1342.8
1389.1
1435.1
1481.1
1527.2
1620.8
1174.1
1193.1
1250.5
1294.8
1367.9
1432.5
1493.5
1552.8
1611.4
1669.6
1727.8
1844.8
1.3903
1.4450
1.4822
1.5135
1.5665
1.6120
1.6530
1.6908
1.7261
1.7593
1.7909
1.8499
0.362
0.402
0.450
0.491
0.562
0.626
0.685
0.743
0.798
0.853
0.906
1.011
0.218
0.251
0.291
0.322
0.350
0.399
0.443
0.484
0.524
0.561
0.598
0.670
1077.7
1117.0
1163.1
1198.6
1229.1
12283.2
1333.1
1381.2
1428.5
1475.5
1522.5
1617.2
1150.4
1200.4
1259.9
1305.9
1345.7
1416.1
1480.7
1542.5
1602.9
1662.5
1721.8
1840.4
s
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
T
[oF]
1103.5
1134.4
1170.9
1201.3
1253.7
1301.5
1347.5
1393.0
1438.3
1483.8
1529.6
1622.6
1183.9
1223.6
1270.8
1310.2
1378.4
1440.4
1499.7
1557.9
1615.5
1673.1
1730.7
1847.1
1.3673
1.4054
1.4490
1.4837
1.5402
1.5876
1.6297
1.6682
1.7040
1.7377
1.7696
1.8290
Sat.
600
650
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1600
P = 1600 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 605.1oF)
1.3461
1.3641
1.4171
1.4562
1.5168
1.5661
1.6094
1.6487
1.3851
1.7192
1.7513
1.8111
0.255
1087.4
1162.9
1.3258
0.303
0.342
0.403
0.466
0.504
0.549
0.592
0.634
0.675
0.755
1137.8
1177.0
1237.7
1289.5
1338.0
1385.2
1431.8
1478.3
1524.9
1619.0
1227.4
1278.1
1357.0
1424.4
1487.1
1547.7
1607.1
1666.1
1724.8
1842.6
1.3852
1.4299
1.4953
1.5468
1.5913
1.6315
1.6684
1.7029
1.7354
1.7955
Sat.
600
650
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1600
1.2861
1.3141
1.3782
1.4216
1.4562
1.5126
1.5598
1.6017
1.6398
1.6751
1.7082
1.7692
Sat.
650
700
750
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1600
P = 1800 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 621.2oF)
Sat.
650
700
750
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1600
h
[BTU/lbm]
P = 1200 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 567.4oF)
P = 1400 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 587.2oF)
Sat.
600
650
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1600
u
[BTU/lbm]
P = 2000 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 636.0oF)
1.3060
1.3517
1.4042
1.4430
1.4753
1.5291
1.5749
1.6159
1.6534
1.6883
1.7211
1.7817
0.188
0.206
0.249
0.280
0.307
0.353
0.395
0.433
0.469
0.503
0.537
0.602
TE-23
1066.6
1091.1
1147.7
1187.3
1220.1
1276.8
1328.1
1377.2
1425.2
1472.7
1520.2
1615.4
1136.3
1167.2
1239.8
1291.1
1333.8
1407.6
1474.1
1537.2
1598.6
1659.0
1718.8
1838.2
Table 12E. Properties of Superheated Water Vapor
T
[oF]
v
[ft3/lbm]
u
[BTU/lbm]
h
[BTU/lbm]
s
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
v
[ft3/lbm]
P = 2500 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 668.3oF)
Sat.
700
750
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
0.1306
0.1684
0.2030
0.2291
0.2712
0.3069
0.3393
0.3696
0.3984
0.4261
0.4531
0.4795
1031.0
1098.7
1155.2
1195.7
1259.9
1315.2
1366.8
1416.7
1465.7
1514.2
1562.5
1610.8
1091.4
1176.6
1249.1
1301.7
1385.4
1457.2
1523.8
1587.7
0650.0
1711.3
1772.1
1832.6
0.0249
0.0306
0.1046
0.1363
0.1763
0.2066
0.2328
0.2566
0.2787
0.2997
0.3199
0.3395
663.5
759.5
1058.4
1134.7
1222.4
1287.6
1345.2
1399.2
1451.1
1501.9
1552.0
1601.7
679.7
779.3
1126.1
1223.0
1336.5
1421.4
1496.0
1565.3
1631.7
1696.1
1759.2
1831.6
1.2327
1.3073
1.3686
1.4112
1.4752
1.5262
1.5704
1.6101
1.6465
1.6804
1.7123
1.7424
0.0840
0.0977
0.1483
0.1757
0.2160
0.2485
0.2772
0.3086
0.3285
0.3524
0.3754
0.3978
0.0242
0.0278
0.0415
0.0844
0.1270
0.1552
0.1784
0.1989
0.2176
0.2352
0.2520
0.2681
653.6
732.7
870.8
1056.5
1183.7
1260.8
1324.7
1382.8
1437.7
1490.7
1542.7
1593.4
673.3
755.3
904.6
1125.3
1287.1
1387.2
1469.9
1544.7
1614.9
1682.3
1747.6
1811.7
s
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
T
[oF]
968.8
1003.9
1114.7
1167.6
1241.8
1301.7
1356.2
1408.0
1458.5
1508.1
1557.3
1606.3
1015.5
1058.1
1197.1
1265.2
1361.7
1439.6
1510.1
1576.6
1640.9
1703.7
1765.7
1827.1
1.1575
1.1944
1.3122
1.3675
1.4414
1.4967
1.5434
1.5848
1.6224
1.6571
1.6896
1.7201
Sat.
700
750
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
0.8574
0.9345
1.1395
1.2740
1.3789
1.4449
1.4973
1.5423
1.5823
1.6188
1.6526
1.6841
650
700
750
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
0.8499
0.9187
1.0154
1.1827
1.3310
1.4078
1.4653
1.5133
1.5555
1.5934
1.6282
1.6605
650
700
750
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
P = 4000 lbf/in2
0.8630
0.9506
1.2440
1.3226
1.4096
1.4699
1.5193
1.5624
1.6012
1.6368
1.6699
1.7010
0.0245
0.0287
0.0633
0.1052
0.1462
0.1752
0.1995
0.2213
0.2414
0.2603
0.2784
0.2959
P = 4400 lbf/in2
650
700
750
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
h
[BTU/lbm]
P = 3000 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 695.5oF)
P = 3500 lbf/in2
650
700
750
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
u
[BTU/lbm]
657.7
742.1
960.7
1095.0
1201.5
1272.9
1333.9
1390.1
1443.7
1495.7
1546.7
1597.1
675.8
763.4
1007.5
1172.9
1309.7
1402.6
1481.6
1553.9
1622.4
1688.4
1752.8
1816.1
P = 4800 lbf/in2
0.8535
0.9257
1.0513
1.2306
1.3548
1.4260
1.4809
1.5274
1.5685
1.6057
1.6399
1.6718
0.0237
0.0271
0.0352
0.0668
0.1109
0.1385
0.1608
0.1802
0.1979
0.2143
0.2300
0.2450
TE-24
649.8
725.1
832.6
1011.2
1164.8
1248.3
1315.3
1375.4
1431.7
1485.7
1538.2
1589.8
671.0
749.1
863.9
1070.5
1263.4
1317.4
1458.1
1535.4
1607.4
1676.1
1742.5
1807.4
Table 13E. Properties of Compressed Liquid Water
T
[oF]
v
[ft3/lbm]
u
[BTU/lbm]
h
[BTU/lbm]
s
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
v
[ft3/lbm]
P = 500 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 467.1oF)
32
50
100
150
200
300
400
Sat.
0.015994
0.015998
0.016106
0.016318
0.016608
0.017416
0.018608
0.019748
0.00
18.02
67.87
117.66
167.65
268.92
373.68
447.70
1.49
19.50
69.36
119.17
169.19
270.53
385.40
449.53
0.015939
0.015946
0.016058
0.016268
0.016554
0.017343
0.018493
0.02024
0.02346
0.05
17.95
67.53
117.10
166.87
267.58
371.45
481.8
605.0
4.47
22.38
71.99
121.62
171.46
272.39
376.59
487.4
611.5
0.00000
0.03599
0.12932
0.21457
0.29341
0.43641
0.56604
0.64904
0.015967
0.015972
0.016082
0.016293
0.016580
0.017379
0.018550
0.021591
0.015859
0.015870
0.015987
0.016196
0.016476
0.017240
0.018334
0.019944
0.034310
0.09
17.84
67.04
116.30
165.74
265.66
368.32
476.2
783.5
8.90
26.65
75.91
125.29
174.89
275.23
378.50
487.3
802.5
s
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
T
[oF]
0.03
17.99
67.70
117.38
167.26
268.24
372.55
538.39
2.99
20.94
70.68
120.40
170.32
271.46
375.98
542.38
0.00005
0.03592
0.12901
0.21410
0.29281
0.43552
0.56472
0.74320
32
50
100
150
200
300
400
Sat.
P = 2000 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 636.0oF)
0.00007
0.03584
0.12870
0.21364
0.29221
0.43463
0.56343
0.6853
0.8082
0.015912
0.015920
0.016034
0.016244
0.016527
0.017308
0.018439
0.02014
0.02565
P = 3000 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 695.5oF)
32
50
100
150
200
300
400
500
Sat.
h
[BTU/lbm]
P = 1000 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 544.7oF)
P = 1500 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 596.4oF)
32
50
100
150
200
300
400
500
Sat.
u
[BTU/lbm]
0.06
17.91
67.37
116.83
166.49
266.93
370.38
479.8
662.4
5.95
23.81
73.30
122.84
172.60
273.33
377.21
487.3
671.9
0.00008
0.03575
0.12839
0.21318
0.29162
0.43376
0.56216
0.6832
0.8623
32
50
100
150
200
300
400
500
Sat.
0.00005
0.03534
0.12714
0.21136
0.28931
0.43038
0.55734
0.6758
32
50
100
150
200
300
400
500
P = 4000 lbf/in2
0.00009
0.03555
0.12777
0.21226
0.29046
0.43205
0.55970
0.6794
0.9732
0.015807
0.015821
0.015942
0.016150
0.016425
0.017174
0.018235
0.019766
TE-25
0.10
17.76
66.72
115.77
165.02
264.43
366.35
472.9
11.80
29.47
78.52
127.73
177.18
277.15
379.85
487.5
Table 14E. Properties of Saturated Refrigerant 134a (Liquid-Vapor): Temperature Table
Temp
[oF]
–40
–30
–20
–15
–10
–5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
140
160
180
200
210
Sat
Pressure
[lbf/in2]
7.490
9.920
12.949
14.718
16.674
18.831
21.203
23.805
26.651
29.756
33.137
36.809
40.788
49.738
60.125
72.092
85.788
101.37
109.92
118.99
128.62
138.83
149.63
161.04
173.10
185.82
243.86
314.63
400.22
503.52
563.51
Specific Volume
[ft3/lbm]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid
Vapor
(vf)
(vg)
0.01130
5.7173
0.01143
4.3911
0.01156
3.4173
0.01163
3.0286
0.01170
2.6918
0.01178
2.3992
0.01185
2.1440
0.01193
1.9208
0.01200
1.7251
0.01208
1.5529
0.01216
1.4009
0.01225
1.2666
0.01233
1.1474
0.01251
0.9170
0.01270
0.7871
0.01290
0.6584
0.01311
0.5538
0.01334
0.4682
0.01346
0.4312
0.01358
0.3975
0.01371
0.3668
0.01385
0.3388
0.01399
0.3131
0.01414
0.2896
0.01429
0.2680
0.01445
0.2481
0.01520
0.1827
0.01617
0.1341
0.01758
0.0964
0.02014
0.0647
0.02329
0.0476
Specific Internal
Energy
[BTU/lbm]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Vapor
(uf)
(ug)
–0.02
87.90
2.81
89.26
5.69
90.62
7.14
91.30
8.61
91.98
10.09
92.66
11.58
93.33
13.09
94.01
14.60
94.68
16.13
95.35
17.67
96.02
19.22
96.69
20.78
97.35
23.94
98.67
27.14
99.98
30.39
101.27
33.68
102.54
37.02
103.78
38.72
104.39
40.42
105.00
42.14
105.60
43.87
106.18
45.62
106.76
47.39
107.33
49.17
107.88
50.97
108.42
58.39
110.41
66.26
111.97
74.83
112.77
84.90
111.66
91.84
108.48
Specific Enthalpy
[BTU/lbm]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Evap.
Vapor
(hf)
(hfg)
(hg)
0.00
95.82
95.82
2.83
94.49
97.32
5.71
93.10
98.81
7.17
92.38
99.55
8.65
91.64
100.29
10.13
90.89
101.02
11.63
90.12
101.75
13.14
89.33
102.47
14.66
88.53
103.19
16.20
87.71
103.90
17.74
86.87
104.61
19.30
86.02
105.32
20.87
85.14
106.01
24.05
83.34
107.39
27.28
81.46
108.74
30.56
79.49
110.05
33.89
77.44
111.33
37.27
75.29
112.56
38.99
74.17
113.16
40.72
73.03
113.75
42.47
71.86
114.33
44.23
70.66
114.89
46.01
69.42
115.43
47.81
68.15
115.96
49.63
66.84
116.47
51.47
65.48
116.95
59.08
59.57
118.65
67.20
52.58
119.78
76.13
43.78
119.91
86.77
30.92
117.69
94.27
19.18
113.45
Specific Entropy
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid
Vapor
(sf)
(sg)
0.0000
0.2283
0.0067
0.2266
0.0133
0.2250
0.0166
0.2243
0.0199
0.2236
0.0231
0.2230
0.0264
0.2224
0.0296
0.2219
0.0329
0.2214
0.0361
0.2209
0.0393
0.2205
0.0426
0.2200
0.0458
0.2196
0.0522
0.2189
0.0585
0.2183
0.0648
0.2178
0.0711
0.2173
0.0774
0.2169
0.0805
0.2167
0.0836
0.2165
0.0867
0.2163
0.0898
0.2161
0.0930
0.2159
0.0961
0.2157
0.0992
0.2155
0.1023
0.2153
0.1150
0.2143
0.1280
0.2128
0.1417
0.2101
0.1575
0.2044
0.1684
0.1971
Temp
[oF]
–40
–30
–20
–15
–10
–5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
140
160
180
200
210
Source: Tables 14E through 16E are from M. J. Moran and H. N. Shapiro, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, 6th Ed., John
Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008, pp. 883-887 (calculated based on equations for D. P. Wilson and R. S. Basu, “Thermodynamic Properties of a
New Stratospherically Safe Working Fluid—Refrigerant 134a,” ASHRAE Trans., Vol. 94, Pt. 2, 1988, pp. 2095-2118). This material is
reproduced with permission of Wiley Publishing Inc., a subsidiary of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
TE-26
Table 15E. Properties of Saturated Refrigerant 134a (Liquid-Vapor): Pressure Table
Specific
Internal Energy
[BTU/lbm]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Vapor
(uf)
(ug)
–3.74
86.07
2.89
89.30
7.36
91.40
10.84
93.00
16.24
95.40
20.48
97.23
Press.
(P)
[lbf/in2]
5
10
15
20
30
40
Sat
Temp.
(Tsat)
[oF]
–53.48
–29.71
–14.25
–2.48
15.38
29.04
Specific Volume
[ft3/lbm]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid
Vapor
(vf)
(vg)
0.01113 8.3508
0.01143 4.3581
0.01164 2.9747
0.01181 2.2661
0.01209 1.5408
0.01232 1.1692
Specific Enthalpy
[BTU/lbm]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid Evap.
Vapor
(hf)
(hfg)
(hg)
–3.73
97.53
93.79
2.91
94.45
97.37
7.40
92.27
99.66
10.89
90.50
101.39
16.31
87.65
103.96
20.57
85.31
105.88
50
60
70
80
90
100
40.27
49.89
58.35
65.93
72.83
79.17
0.01252
0.01270
0.01286
0.01302
0.01317
0.01332
0.9422
0.7887
0.6778
0.5938
0.5278
0.4747
24.02
27.10
29.85
32.33
34.62
36.75
98.71
99.96
101.05
102.02
102.89
103.68
24.14
27.24
31.01
32.53
34.84
36.99
83.29
81.48
79.82
78.28
76.84
75.47
107.43
108.72
109.83
110.81
111.68
112.46
0.0523
0.0584
0.0638
0.0686
0.0729
0.0768
0.2189
0.2183
0.2179
0.2175
0.2172
0.2169
50
60
70
80
90
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
90.54
100.56
109.56
117.74
125.28
132.27
0.01360
0.01386
0.01412
0.01438
0.01463
0.01489
0.3941
0.3358
0.2916
0.2569
0.2288
0.2056
40.61
44.07
47.23
50.16
52.90
55.48
105.06
106.25
107.28
108.18
108.98
109.68
40.91
44.43
47.65
50.64
53.44
56.09
72.91
70.52
68.26
66.10
64.01
61.96
113.82
114.95
115.91
116.74
117.44
118.05
0.0839
0.0902
0.0958
0.1009
0.1057
0.1101
0.2165
0.2161
0.2157
0.2154
0.2151
0.2147
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
350
400
450
138.79
144.92
150.70
156.17
168.72
179.95
190.12
0.01515
0.01541
0.01568
0.01596
0.01671
0.01758
0.01863
0.1861
0.1695
0.1550
0.1424
0.1166
0.0965
0.0800
57.93
60.28
62.53
64.71
69.88
74.81
79.63
110.30
110.84
111.31
111.72
112.45
112.77
112.60
58.61
61.02
63.34
65.59
70.97
76.11
81.18
59.96
57.97
56.00
54.03
49.03
43.80
38.08
118.56
118.99
119.35
119.62
120.00
119.91
119.26
0.1142
0.1181
0.1219
0.1254
0.1338
0.1417
0.1493
0.2144
0.2140
0.2136
0.2132
0.2118
0.2102
0.2079
240
260
280
300
350
400
450
500
199.38
0.02002
0.0657
84.54
111.76
86.39
31.44
117.83
0.1570
0.2047
500
TE-27
Specific Entropy
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
Sat.
Sat.
Liquid
Vapor
(sf)
(sg)
–0.0090 0.2311
0.0068
0.2265
0.0171
0.2242
0.0248
0.2227
0.0364
0.2209
0.0452
0.2197
Press.
(P)
[lbf/in2]
5
10
15
20
30
40
Table 16E. Properties of Superheated Refrigerant 134a Vapor
T
[oF]
v
[ft3/lbm]
u
[BTU/lbm]
h
[BTU/lbm]
s
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
v
[ft3/lbm]
P = 10 lbf/in2 (Tsat = –29.71oF)
Sat.
–20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
4.3581
4.4718
4.7026
4.9297
5.1539
5.3758
5.5959
5.8145
6.0318
6.2482
6.4638
6.6786
6.8929
89.30
90.89
94.24
97.67
101.19
104.80
108.50
112.29
116.18
120.16
124.23
128.38
132.63
97.37
99.17
102.94
106.79
110.72
114.74
118.85
123.05
127.34
131.72
136.19
140.74
145.39
2.2661
2.2816
2.4046
2.5244
2.6416
2.7569
2.8705
2.9829
3.0942
3.2047
3.3144
3.4236
3.5323
93.00
93.43
96.98
100.59
104.28
108.05
111.90
115.83
119.85
123.95
128.13
132.40
136.76
101.39
101.88
105.88
109.94
114.06
118.25
122.52
126.87
131.30
135.81
140.40
145.07
149.83
0.2265
0.2307
0.2391
0.2472
0.2553
0.2632
0.2709
0.2786
0.2861
0.2935
0.3009
0.3081
0.3152
1.1692
1.2065
1.2723
1.3357
1.3973
1.4575
1.5165
1.5746
1.6319
1.6887
1.7449
1.8006
1.8561
1.9112
97.23
99.33
103.20
107.11
111.08
115.11
119.21
123.38
127.62
131.94
136.34
140.81
145.36
149.98
105.88
108.26
112.62
117.00
121.42
125.90
130.43
135.03
139.70
144.44
149.25
154.14
159.10
164.13
s
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
2.9747
91.40
99.66
0.2242
3.0893
3.2468
3.4012
3.5533
3.7034
3.8520
3.9993
4.1456
4.2911
4.4359
4.5801
93.84
97.33
100.89
104.54
108.28
112.10
116.01
120.00
124.09
128.26
132.52
102.42
106.34
110.33
114.40
118.56
122.79
127.11
131.51
136.00
140.57
145.23
0.2303
0.2386
0.2468
0.2548
0.2626
0.2703
0.2779
0.2854
0.2927
0.3000
0.3072
T
[oF]
Sat.
–20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
P = 30 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 15.38oF)
0.2227
0.2238
0.2323
0.2406
0.2487
0.2566
0.2644
0.2720
0.2795
0.2869
0.2922
0.3014
0.3085
1.5408
95.40
103.96
0.2209
1.5611
1.6465
1.7293
1.8098
1.8887
1.9662
2.0426
2.1181
2.1929
2.2671
2.3407
96.26
99.98
103.75
107.59
111.49
115.47
119.53
123.66
127.88
132.17
136.55
104.92
109.12
113.35
117.63
121.98
126.39
130.87
135.42
140.05
144.76
149.54
0.2229
0.2315
0.2398
0.2478
0.2558
0.2635
0.2711
0.2786
0.2859
0.2932
0.3003
P = 40 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 29.04oF)
Sat.
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
h
[BTU/lbm]
P = 15 lbf/in2 (Tsat = –14.25oF)
P = 20 lbf/in2 (Tsat = –2.48oF)
Sat.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
u
[BTU/lbm]
Sat.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
P = 50 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 40.27oF)
0.2197
0.2245
0.2331
0.2414
0.2494
0.2573
0.2650
0.2725
0.2799
0.2872
0.2944
0.3015
0.3085
0.3154
TE-28
0.9422
98.71
107.43
0.2189
0.9974
1.0508
1.1022
1.1520
1.2007
1.2484
1.2953
1.3415
1.3873
1.4326
1.4775
1.5221
102.62
106.62
110.65
114.74
118.88
123.08
127.36
131.71
136.12
140.61
145.18
149.82
111.85
116.34
120.85
125.39
129.99
134.64
139.34
144.12
148.96
153.87
158.85
163.90
0.2276
0.2361
0.2443
0.2523
0.2601
0.2677
0.2752
0.2825
0.2897
0.2969
0.3039
0.3108
Sat.
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
Table 16E. Properties of Superheated Refrigerant 134a Vapor
T
[oF]
v
[ft3/lbm]
u
[BTU/lbm]
h
[BTU/lbm]
s
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
v
[ft3/lbm]
P = 60 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 49.89oF)
Sat.
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
0.7887
0.8135
0.8604
0.9051
0.9482
0.9900
1.0308
1.0707
1.1100
1.1488
1.1871
1.2251
1.2627
1.3001
99.96
102.03
106.11
110.21
114.35
118.54
122.79
127.10
131.47
135.91
140.42
145.00
149.65
154.38
108.72
111.06
115.66
120.26
124.88
129.53
134.23
138.98
143.79
148.66
153.60
158.60
163.67
168.81
0.5938
0.6211
0.6579
0.6927
0.7261
0.7584
0.7898
0.8205
0.8506
0.8803
0.9095
0.9384
0.9671
0.9955
102.02
105.03
109.30
113.56
117.85
122.18
126.55
130.98
135.47
140.02
144.63
149.32
154.06
158.88
110.81
114.23
119.04
123.82
128.60
133.41
138.25
143.13
148.06
153.05
158.10
163.21
168.38
173.62
0.2183
0.2229
0.2316
0.2399
0.2480
0.2559
0.2636
0.2712
0.2786
0.2859
0.2930
0.3001
0.3070
0.3139
0.6778
0.6714
0.7239
0.7640
0.8023
0.8393
0.8752
0.9103
0.9446
0.9784
1.0118
1.0448
1.0774
1.1098
0.4747
0.4761
0.5086
0.5388
0.5674
0.5947
0.6210
0.6446
0.6716
0.6960
0.7201
0.7438
0.7672
0.7904
103.68
103.87
108.32
112.73
117.13
121.55
125.99
130.48
135.02
139.61
144.26
148.98
153.75
158.59
112.46
112.68
117.73
122.70
127.63
132.55
137.49
142.45
147.45
152.49
157.59
162.74
167.95
173.21
s
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
T
[oF]
101.05
101.40
105.58
109.76
113.96
118.20
122.49
126.83
131.23
135.69
140.22
144.82
149.48
154.22
109.83
110.23
114.96
119.66
124.36
129.07
133.82
138.62
143.46
148.36
153.33
158.35
163.44
168.60
0.2179
0.2186
0.2276
0.2361
0.2444
0.2524
0.2601
0.2678
0.2752
0.2825
0.2897
0.2968
0.3038
0.3107
Sat.
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
0.2172
0.2205
0.2295
0.2380
0.2463
0.2542
0.2620
0.2696
0.2770
0.2843
0.2914
0.2984
0.3054
0.3122
Sat.
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
Sat.
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
P = 90 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 72.83oF)
0.2175
0.2239
0.2327
0.2411
0.2492
0.2570
0.2647
0.2722
0.2796
0.2868
0.2940
0.3010
0.3079
0.3147
0.5278
0.5408
0.5751
0.6073
0.6381
0.6675
0.6961
0.7239
0.7512
0.7779
0.8043
0.8303
0.8561
0.8816
P = 100 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 79.17oF)
Sat.
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
h
[BTU/lbm]
P = 70 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 58.35oF)
P = 80 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 65.93oF)
Sat.
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
u
[BTU/lbm]
102.89
104.46
108.82
113.15
117.50
121.87
126.28
130.73
135.25
139.82
144.45
149.15
153.91
158.73
111.68
113.47
118.39
123.27
128.12
132.98
137.87
142.79
147.76
152.77
157.84
162.97
168.16
173.42
P = 120 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 90.54oF)
0.2169
0.2173
0.2265
0.2352
0.2436
0.2517
0.2595
0.2671
0.2746
0.2819
0.2891
0.2962
0.3031
0.3099
TE-29
0.3941
105.06
113.82
0.2165
0.4080
0.4322
0.4610
0.4852
0.5082
0.5305
0.5520
0.5731
0.5937
0.6140
0.6339
0.6537
107.26
111.84
116.37
120.89
125.42
129.97
134.56
139.20
143.89
148.63
153.43
158.29
116.32
121.52
126.61
131.66
136.70
141.75
146.82
151.92
157.07
162.26
167.51
172.81
0.2210
0.2301
0.2387
0.2470
0.2550
0.2628
0.2704
0.2778
0.2850
0.2921
0.2991
0.3060
Table 16E. Properties of Superheated Refrigerant 134a Vapor
T
[oF]
v
[ft3/lbm]
u
[BTU/lbm]
h
[BTU/lbm]
s
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
v
[ft3/lbm]
P = 140 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 100.56oF)
Sat.
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
0.3358
0.3610
0.3846
0.4066
0.4274
0.4474
0.4666
0.4852
0.5034
0.5212
0.5387
0.5559
0.5730
0.5898
106.25
110.90
115.58
120.21
124.82
129.44
134.09
138.77
143.50
148.28
153.11
157.99
162.93
167.93
114.95
120.25
125.54
130.74
135.89
141.03
146.18
151.34
156.54
161.78
167.06
172.39
177.78
183.21
0.2569
0.2595
0.2814
0.3011
0.3191
0.3361
0.3523
0.3678
0.3828
0.3974
0.4116
0.4256
0.4393
0.4529
108.18
108.77
113.83
118.74
123.56
128.34
133.11
137.90
152.71
147.55
152.44
157.38
162.36
167.40
116.74
117.41
123.21
128.77
134.19
139.53
144.84
150.15
155.46
160.79
166.15
171.55
177.00
182.49
0.2161
0.2254
0.2344
0.2429
0.2511
0.2590
0.2667
0.2742
0.2815
0.2887
0.2957
0.3026
0.3094
0.3162
0.2916
0.3044
0.3269
0.3474
0.3666
0.3849
0.4023
0.4192
0.4356
0.4516
0.4672
0.4826
0.4978
0.5128
0.1424
0.1462
0.1633
0.1777
0.1905
0.2021
0.2130
0.2234
0.2333
0.2428
0.2521
0.2611
0.2699
0.2786
111.72
112.95
118.93
124.47
129.79
134.99
140.12
145.23
150.33
155.44
160.57
165.74
170.94
176.18
119.62
121.07
128.00
134.34
140.36
146.21
151.95
157.63
163.28
168.92
174.56
180.23
185.92
191.64
s
[BTU/(lbm∙R)]
T
[oF]
107.28
109.88
114.73
119.49
124.20
128.90
133.61
138.34
143.11
147.92
152.78
157.69
162.65
167.67
115.91
118.89
124.41
129.78
135.06
140.29
145.52
150.75
156.00
161.29
166.61
171.98
177.39
182.85
0.2157
0.2209
0.2303
0.2391
0.2475
0.2555
0.2633
0.2709
0.2783
0.2856
0.2927
0.2996
0.3065
0.3132
Sat.
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
Sat.
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
P = 200 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 125.28oF)
0.2154
0.2166
0.2264
0.2355
0.2441
0.2524
0.2603
0.2680
0.2755
0.2828
0.2899
0.2969
0.3038
0.3106
0.2288
108.98
117.44
0.2151
0.2446
0.2636
0.2809
0.2970
0.3121
0.3266
0.3405
0.3540
0.3671
0.3799
0.3926
0.4050
112.87
117.94
122.88
127.76
132.60
137.44
142.30
147.18
152.10
157.07
162.07
167.13
121.92
127.70
133.28
138.75
144.15
149.53
154.90
160.28
165.69
171.13
176.60
182.12
0.2226
0.2321
0.2410
0.2494
0.2575
0.2653
0.2728
0.2802
0.2874
0.2945
0.3014
0.3082
P = 300 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 156.17oF)
Sat.
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
h
[BTU/lbm]
P = 160 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 381.8oF)
P = 180 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 117.74oF)
Sat.
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
u
[BTU/lbm]
P = 400 lbf/in2 (Tsat = 179.95oF)
0.2132
0.2155
0.2265
0.2363
0.2453
0.2537
0.2618
0.2696
0.2772
0.2845
0.2916
0.2986
0.3055
0.3122
TE-30
0.0965
112.77
119.91
0.2102
0.0965
0.1143
0.1275
0.1386
0.1484
0.1575
0.1660
0.1740
0.1816
0.1890
0.1962
0.2032
112.79
120.14
126.35
132.12
137.65
143.06
148.39
153.69
158.97
164.26
169.57
174.90
119.93
128.60
135.79
142.38
148.64
154.72
160.67
166.57
172.42
178.26
184.09
189.94
0.2102
0.2235
0.2343
0.2438
0.2527
0.2610
0.2689
0.2766
0.2840
0.2912
0.2983
0.3051
Sat.
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
Table 17E. Thermochemical Properties of Selected Substances at 537 R and 1 atm
Molecular
Weight
(M)
Enthalpy of
Formation
( hf° )
Gibbs
Function of
Formation
( g f° )
Absolute
Entropy
( s° )
Higher
(HHV)
Lower
(LHV)
Formula
C(s)
H2(g)
N2(g)
O2(g)
CO(g)
[lbm/lbmol]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/lbmol]
[BTU/(lbmol∙R)]
[BTU/lbm]
[BTU/lbm]
12.01
2.016
28.01
32.00
28.01
0
0
0
0
–47,540
0
0
0
0
–59,010
1.36
31.19
45.74
48.98
47.27
14,100
61,000
-------
14,100
51,610
-------
Ammonia
Oxygen
CO2(g)
H2O(g)
H2O(l)
H2O2(g)
NH3(g)
O(g)
44.01
18.02
18.02
34.02
17.03
16.00
–169,300
–104,040
–122,970
–58,640
–19,750
107,210
–169,680
–98,350
–102,040
–45,430
–7140
99,710
51.03
45.08
16.71
55.60
45.97
38.47
-------------
-------------
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Hydroxyl
Methane
Acetylene
Ethylene
H(g)
N(g)
OH(g)
CH4(g)
C2H2(g)
C2H4(g)
1.008
14.01
17.01
16.04
26.04
28.05
93,780
203,340
16,790
–32,210
97,540
22,490
87,460
195,970
14,750
–21,860
87,990
29,306
27.39
36.61
43.92
44.49
48.00
52.54
------23,880
21,470
21,640
------21,520
20,740
20,290
Ethane
Propylene
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Octane
C2H6(g)
C3H6(g)
C3H8(g)
C4H10(g)
C5H12(g)
C8H18(g)
30.07
42.08
44.09
58.12
72.15
114.22
–36,420
8,790
–44,680
–54,270
–62,960
–89,680
–14,150
26,980
–10,105
–6,760
–3,530
7,110
54.85
63.80
64.51
74.11
83.21
111.55
22,320
21,050
21,660
21,300
21,090
20,760
20,430
19,700
19,950
19,670
19,510
19,270
C8H18(l)
C6H6(g)
CH3OH(g)
CH3OH(l)
C2H5OH(g)
C2H5OH(l)
114.22
78.11
32.04
32.04
46.07
46.07
–107,530
35,680
–86,540
–102,670
–101,230
–119,470
2,840
55,780
–69,700
–71,570
–72,520
75,240
86.23
64.34
57.29
30.30
67.54
38.40
20,610
18,180
10,260
9,760
13,160
12,760
19,110
17,460
9,080
8,570
11,930
11,530
Substance
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Water
Water
Hydrogen peroxide
Octane
Benzene
Methyl alcohol
Methyl alcohol
Ethyl alcohol
Ethyl alcohol
Heating Values
Source: M. J. Moran and H. N. Shapiro, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, 6th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008, p.
910 (based on the JANAF Thermochemical Tables, NSRDS-NBS-37, 1971; Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamics
Properties, NBS Tech. Note 270-3, 1968; and API Research Project 44, Carnegie Press, 1953. Heating values calculated). This
material is reproduced with permission of Wiley Publishing Inc., a subsidiary of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
TE-31
Section 2
List of Figures (English Units)
Figure Title / Page
1E
Mollier Diagram (English units) FE-1
2E
HFC-134a Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram (English units) FE-2
Figure 1E. Mollier Diagram (English units)
Courtesy of The Babcock & Wilcox Company
FE-1
HFC-134a Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram courtesy of DuPont Refrigerants.
Figure 2E. HFC-134a Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram (English units)
FE-2
Unit Conversions
Length
Force
1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm
1 km = 1000 m
1 ft = 12 in
1 mile (statute) = 1,760 yd = 5,280 ft
1 cm = 0.3937 in
1 m = 39.37 in = 3.2808 ft
1 km = 0.6214 mile (statute)
1 in = 2.54 cm
1 ft = 30.48 cm = 0.3048 m
1 mile (statute) = 1.609 km
1 mile (nautical) = 1.1508 mile (statute)
1 mile (nautical) = 6076.2 ft
Volume
1 m3 = 1000 L = 1 × 106 cm3
1 L = 0.001 m3
1 ft3 = 1728 in3
1 gal = 231 in3 = 0.13368 ft3
1 m3 = 35.31 ft3
1 L = 0.0353 ft3 = 0.264 gal
1 ft3 = 0.02832 m3 = 28.32 L
1 gal = 3.785 L = 0.003785 m3
1 N = 1 (kg∙m)/s2
1 kN = 1000 N
1 lbf = 1 (slug∙ft)/s2 = 32.174 (lbm∙ft)/s2
1 N = 0.2248 lbf
1 lbf = 4.448 N
Pressure
1 Pa = 1 N/m2
1 kPa = 1,000 Pa
1 MPa = 1,000,000 Pa = 1,000 kPa
1 bar = 100 kPa
1 atm = 14.696 lbf/in2
1 atm = 29.92 in Hg
1 atm = 101.325 kPa = 1.01325 bar = 760 mm Hg
1 lbf/in2 = 6.8947 kPa
Energy and Specific Energy
1 J = 1 N∙m
1 kJ = 1000 J
1 kJ = 1 kPa∙m3
1 kJ/kg = 1000 m2/s2
1 BTU = 778.17 ft∙lbf
1 BTU/lbm = 2.3261 kJ/kg
1 BTU/lbm = 25,037 ft2/s2
1 kJ = 737.56 ft∙lbf = 0.9478 BTU
1 ft∙lbf = 1.3558 J
1 BTU = 1.0551 kJ
Time
1 min = 60 s
1 hr = 60 min = 3600 s
1 day = 24 hr
1 week = 7 days
1 year = 365 days
Energy Transfer Rate
Velocity
1 km/hr = 0.6214 mile/hr
1 m/s = 3.2808 ft/s
1 mile/hr = 1.6094 km/hr
1 ft/s = 0.3048 m/s
1 knot = 1 mile (nautical)/hr = 1.688 ft/s
1 W = 1 J/s = 1 volt∙ampere
1 kW = 1000 W = 1000 J/s = 1 kJ/s
1 MW = 1000 kW
1 hp = 550 (ft∙lbf)/s = 2545 BTU/hr
1 kW = 1.341 hp = 737.55 (ft∙lbf)/s = 3413 BTU/hr
1 W = 3.413 BTU/hr
1 hp = 0.7457 kW
1 ton = 200 BTU/min = 3.517 kW
Mass
1 kg = 1000 g
1 slug = 32.174 lbm
1 kg = 2.2046 lbm = 0.06852 slug
1 slug = 14.594 kg
1 lbm = 0.4536 kg
Temperature
T[K] = T[oC] + 273.15
T[R] = T[oF] + 459.67
T[R] = 1.8 T[K]
Fundamental Constants
Universal Gas Constant
Gravitational Acceleration (standard)
R = 8.314 kJ/(kmol∙K)
R = 1,545 (ft∙lbf)/(lbmol∙R)
R = 1.986 BTU/(lbmol∙R)
g = 9.81 m/s2
g = 32.174 ft/s2