Contents READING 2 UNIT 1. ENVIRONMENT 3 UNIT 2. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 6 UNIT 3. CULTURE & FESTIVALS 9 UNIT 4. THE NATURAL WORLD 12 UNIT 5. RESEARCH & EXPLORATION 15 UNIT 6. ANIMALS 18 WRITING 23 UNIT 1. TASK 1 – LINE GRAPH 24 UNIT 2. TASK 1 – BAR CHART 27 UNIT 3. TASK 1 – TABLE 31 UNIT 4. TASK 2 – INTRODUCTION & CONCLUSION 37 UNIT 5. TASK 2 - TOPIC SENTENCES & REASONS (1) 42 UNIT 6. TASK 2 - TOPIC SENTENCES & REASONS (2) 46 UNIT 7. TASK 2 – EXAMPLES/ CONSEQUENCES/ ALTERNATIVES 51 READING UNIT 1. ENVIRONMENT Lesson Preparation Vocabulary. Exercise 1 1 c 5 d 2 e 6 b 3 a 7 h 4 f 8 g Vocabulary. Exercise 2 1 B 2 A 3 B 4 A 5 C Grammar. Exercise 1 Verb Deforest, sustain, subsidize, affect, contaminate Noun Effect, nature, contamination, sustainability, deforestation Adjective Sustainable, effective, natural Adverb Naturally, effectively Grammar. Exercise 2 1 Affect, effect 2 Sustainable, sustainability 3 Nature, natural 4 Subsidy, subsidize 5 Urbanize, urbanization Exam Focus Example 1 1 fossil and phylogenetic 2 evolving 3 DNA Exercise 1 1 Genetic 2 all of siblings 3 10%/10 percent 4 Non-shared environment Practice Exercise 1 1 maladaptation 2 3 environment and health/health and environment expand their range 4 domesticated animals 5 outbreaks 6 climate change 7 (government) funds Exercise 2 1 sea cucumbers 2 agricultural 3 scuba diving 4 communications 5 sustainability 6 conflict Exercise 3 1 G 2 C 3 F 4 B Homework Exercise 1 1 sunshade 2 iron 3 algae 4 clouds 5 cables 6 snow 7 rivers Exercise 2 1 deter crime 2 (air) pollution 3 block light 4 education Glossary Exercise 1 1 pollutants 5 renewable 2 acid rain 6 poisonous 3 global warming 7 greenhouse effect 4 energy-efficient 8 release Exercise 2 1 alternative 2 sewage 3 poisonous 4 pollutant 5 renewable UNIT 2. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Lesson Preparation Vocabulary. Exercise 1 1 Condense 2 Mould 3 Pigment 4 Reproduction 5 Cell Vocabulary. Exercise 2 1 Stainless 5 Vapour 2 Hypothesis 6 Combine 3 Anti-aging 7 Reproduction 4 Techno-savvy 8 Interrupt Grammar. Exercise 1 Un- Ir- Im- In- Il- Dis- Unfriendly Irregular Impatient Insincere Illegal Dishonest Unhappy Irresponsible Impolite Incapable Illogical Disloyal Impractical Inexpensive impossible Incorrect uncomfortable Insensitive informal Grammar. Exercise 2 1 Disagree 6 Undeniable 2 Illiteracy 7 Misunderstanding 3 Impossible 8 Skillful 4 Arrangements 9 Infamous 5 Homeless 10 Prehistoric 5 Exam Focus Disobedient Example 1 6 Compressed 7 Tiny droplets 8 Ice crystals Exercise 1 1 Glucose 2 Free radicals 3 Preservation Practice Exercise 1 1 morning coffee 5 safe haven 2 Bar codes 6 Monitor 3 Channels 7 Activate 4 save 8 Escape route/an exit 9 Power cut Exercise 2 1 Powder 2 Heated 3 Liquid/water 4 Shells 5 Decoration 6 Sunscreen Exercise 3 1 Novalak 2 Fillers 3 Hexa 4 Raw 5 Pressure Homework Exercise 1 7 Wirelessly 8 Paired spectrum 9 Uplink 10 Downlink Exercise 2 12 Melting point 13 Furnace 14 Tiny beads Glossary Exercise 1 1 innovation 5 Analyze 2 Experiment 6 Breakthrough 3 Advance 7 Component 4 transform 8 Monitor Exercise 2 1 Efficiency � efficient 2 Wireless � wirelessly 3 Transform � transformed 4 Innovate � innovation 5 Monitor � monitors UNIT 3. CULTURE & FESTIVALS Lesson Preparation Vocabulary. Exercise 1 1 C 5 H 2 G 6 B 3 A 7 F 4 E 8 D Vocabulary. Exercise 2 1 Linguistic 5 Adjustment 2 Indigenous 6 Parade 3 Carnival 7 Celebration 4 Craftwork 8 Reorientation Grammar. Exercise 1 Text a Text b Sentence 1 S Sentence 1 C Sentence 2 C Sentence 2 C Sentence 3 S Sentence 3 S Sentence 4 S Exam Focus Example 1 1 FALSE 2 TRUE 3 NOT GIVEN Exercise 1 1 FALSE 2 NOT GIVEN 3 FALSE 4 FALSE 5 FALSE Practice Exercise 1 1 TRUE 2 TRUE 3 FALSE 4 FALSE 5 NOT GIVEN Exercise 2 1 TRUE 4 FALSE 2 NOT GIVEN 5 FALSE 3 TRUE 6 TRUE Exercise 3 1 TRUE 2 NOT GIVEN 3 TRUE 4 FALSE 5 FALSE 6 NOT GIVEN Homework Exercise 1 1 FALSE 2 FALSE 3 TRUE 4 TRUE 5 NOT GIVEN Exercise 2 1 NOT GIVEN 5 TRUE 2 TRUE 6 NOT GIVEN 3 FALSE 7 TRUE 4 FALSE 8 NOT GIVEN Glossary Exercise 1 1 Heritage 4 Custom 2 Ethical 5 Identity 3 Belief 6 Integrate Exercise 2 1 A. cultural exchange 2 B. heritage 3 A. identity 4 C. integrate 5 C. customs UNIT 4. THE NATURAL WORLD Lesson Preparation Vocabulary. Exercise 1 1 Glacier 2 Magnetic 3 Presence 4 Imitate 5 Giant Vocabulary. Exercise 2 1 C. evaporation 2 A. temperatures 3 B. existence 4 A. stranding 5 B. myth Grammar. Exercise 1 1 Complex sentence Main clause: The availability of funds can relieve the pressure when faced with a large bill. 2 Complex sentence Main clause: We must be careful about extrapolating from animal studies to human behavior. 3 Complex sentence Main clause: The problem of pollution will get worse 4 Compound-complex sentence Main clause: The village economy relies on men and women working as daylabourers in nearby sugar-cane plantations; the productivity cannot meet the demands. 5 Complex sentence Main clause: Snow changes to the compacted form and then crystallized ice Exam Focus Exercise 1 1 FALSE 2 TRUE 3 TRUE 4 FALSE 5 NOT GIVEN Practice Exercise 1 1 FALSE 4 TRUE 2 TRUE 5 NOT GIVEN 3 NOT GIVEN Exercise 2 1 FALSE 4 TRUE 2 TRUE 5 FALSE 3 NOT GIVEN 6 NOT GIVEN Exercise 3 1 NOT GIVEN 2 TRUE 3 NOT GIVEN 4 TRUE 5 FALSE Homework Exercise 1 1 NOT GIVEN 4 TRUE 2 NOT GIVEN 5 TRUE 3 FALSE 6 FALSE Exercise 2 1 FALSE 5 NOT GIVEN 2 FALSE 6 TRUE 3 TRUE 7 NOT GIVEN 4 FALSE Glossary Exercise 1 1 C. fascinating 2 B. observer 3 C. migratory 4 B. evolved 5 B. navigate Exercise 2 1 C 2 E 3 A 4 B 5 D UNIT 5. RESEARCH & EXPLORATION Lesson Preparation Vocabulary. Exercise 1 1 Indifferent 5 Endeavour 2 Geneticists 6 Intensify 3 Domesticated 7 Cutting-edge 4 Findings 8 Adaptive Vocabulary. Exercise 2 1 d 2 f 3 b 4 c 5 a 6 e Grammar. Exercise 1 1 Governments could introduce laws to limit the carbon dioxide emissions leading to global warming. 2 Inside the shell are the nutrients (endosperm) needed by the developing seed. 3 Most babies start developing their hearing while still in the womb prompting some hopeful parents to play classical music to their pregnant bellies. 4 Hamlet, written by Shakespeare in the early 1600s, is among the classics. 5 Community contributions, the second largest revenue source, brought in 10.4% of overall income. Exam Focus Example 1 1 C 2 A 3 B Exercise 1 1 E 2 B 3 D 4 A Practice Exercise 1 1 C 2 B 3 A 4 C 5 A Exercise 2 1 C 2 A 3 B 4 D 5 A Exercise 3 1 B 2 C 3 A 4 D Homework Exercise 1 1 B 2 C 3 A 4 B Exercise 2 1 C 2 A 3 B 4 D Glossary Exercise 1 1 B. reactions 5 A. Researchers 2 C. coordination 6 B. study 3 D. boosts 7 C. investigations 4 A. Experiments 8 B. notion Exercise 2 1 d 2 c 3 a 4 e 5 b WRITING UNIT 1. TASK 1 – LINE GRAPH Lesson Preparation Vocabulary. Exercise 1 1 Proportion 6 Stable 2 Majority 7 Peaking 3 Most 8 Considerable 4 More 9 Rose dramatically 5 Regarding 10 Peak 11 Fluctuated Grammar. Exercise 1 1 from 8 to 2 between 9 of 3 during 10 at 4 at 11 at 5 in 12 at 6 to 13 in 7 of 14 from 15 by Exam Focus Activity 1 Your answer should include the following: 1, 3, 4, 6, 8 Activity 2 2a. Introduction C. The line graph compares the percentage of people in three countries who used the Internet between 1999 and 2009. Check-up (suggested answer) a. The line graph expresses the number of cars per household in Great Britain from 1971 to 2007. b. The line graph compares four sectors in terms of the amount of acid rain emissions (that) they produced in the UK from 1990 to 2007. 2b. Overview a. increased/rose b. Canada Check-up (suggested answer) It is clear that the proportion of the population who used the Internet increased in each country over the period shown. Overall, Canada experienced the fastest growth in Internet usage. 2c. Body paragraphs Check-up Sentence 1. In 1999, the proportion of people using the Internet in the USA was about 20% while the figures for Canada and Mexico were 10% and 5% respectively. Sentence 2. There were sharp increases in terms of the percentages of Internet users in all countries between 1999 and 2005. Sentence 3. A similar pattern was witnessed in the USA and Canada as both countries increased to 70%. Practice Exercise 1 (suggested answer) Introduction The line graph expresses how many people visited three restaurants in the first 5 days of the year 2010. Overview Overall, it is clear that Good Eats and Mama’s Café were much more popular than Tom’s Diner. While Mama’s Café and Tom’s Diner witnessed a fluctuation, the number of customers coming to Good Eats increased over the period. Body paragraph 1 On day 1, the number of guests in Good Eats was 150 which was three times as high as that in Tom’s Diner. A striking feature was that Mama’s Café had the most diners with approximately 200. However, this figure fell dramatically to 100 in the next 2 days. Body paragraph 2 The number of customers eating in Tom's Diner hit the bottom at 10 people on day 4, before increasing slightly to 30 people on the last day. From day 3 to day 5, there was a gradual rise in the figure for Good Eats while Mama Café witnessed a fluctuation. It is noticeable that both Mama’s Café and Good Eats had the same number of diners at 210 people on day 5. Homework Sample The line chart illustrates how much oil was produced and consumed in China from 1982 to 2006. Overall, it can be seen that there was an upward trend in both the production and consumption of oil during the given period. In addition, oil consumption climbed significantly faster compared to its production over 24 years. At the beginning of the period, the figures for both oil production and consumption were nearly equal, at around 2 million barrels per day. After 8 years, the amount of oil produced rose significantly by 1 million and remained unchanged until 1994. Meanwhile, that of oil consumed witnessed stability until 1990, after which it climbed remarkably to 3 million in 1994. In the second half of the period, the figure for oil production increased slightly to 3.5 million barrels per day. By contrast, the amount of oil consumed grew steadily by 1 million every 4 years, and finally reached a peak of 6 million at the end of the period. Glossary Exercise 1 1 Worldwide 7 2.5 billion 2 rose 8 Stood at 3 Extremely rapidly 9 Inhabitants 4 Slightly 10 Approximately 5 Most noticeable 11 Regions 6 Slightly in excess of 12 Marginal UNIT 2. TASK 1 – BAR CHART Lesson Preparation Vocabulary. Exercise 1 1a. Look at the chart and decide whether each sentence is true or false 1 True 2 False 3 True 4 True 5 False 1b. Find suitable words to rewrite the given words/phrases (suggested answers) ● 1992-1994: three consecutive years, from 1992 to 1994, between 1992 and 1994, the 3-year period ● Stay the same: stay unchanged, stabilize, remain the same ● 1993-1994: the next two years, the last two years ● 1992: the first year, the starting year ● Go up constantly: rise steadily Grammar. Exercise 1 1a. Use the suitable determiners to complete sentences a-j a More f The most b More g Fewer c Less h Less d The least i More e More j Less 1b. Rewrite the sentences in exercise 1a using the given words (suggested answers) a. Fewer males chose the bicycle than females. b. The bicycle was the most popular invention. c. The car was more popular among males than females. d. TV was less popular between men and women. e. Fewer men voted for the mobile phone than women. f. More people picked the bicycle than the other inventions. g. More females picked the radio than males. h. The tablet was more important for men than women. i. The most popular invention was the bicycle. j. The TV was the least popular invention. Exam focus Activity 1 1a. Introduction The bar chart compares the amount of free time that males and females of five categories of employment status had between 1998 and 1999. Check-up a. (suggested answer) The bar chart provides information about the percentages of divorces in two European countries from 2011 to 2015. b. (suggested answer) The bar chart gives information about the number of people visiting a park in the UK during a four-month period in 2015. 1b. Overview (suggested answer) Overall, men enjoyed free time per week more than women in three out of five categories. It is noticeable that the unemployed had the most hours of leisure time over the period. 1c. Body paragraphs (suggested answer) Regarding the full-time employed, men had slightly more leisure time than women, with approximately 45 hours of free time per week, compared to around 38 hours for women. Obviously, unemployed and retired people of both genders enjoyed the most hours of leisure time. Moreover, the figures for retired males and females were nearly the same as those for the unemployed, at around 85 and 78 hours of free time per week, respectively. Housewives enjoyed 50 hours of spare time, a little more than part-time working women who had just 40 leisure hours each week. No data is given for men in either of these categories. Practice Exercise 1. Introduction. The bar chart illustrates the proportion of women, men and children consuming five servings of fruit and vegetables each day in 8 years from 2001 to 2008 in the UK. Overview. Overall, it can be seen that the highest percentage of all people consuming fruit and vegetables was women, while children accounted for the lowest proportion. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the proportion of people eating these food items over the given period. Body paragraph 1. The percentage of women who ate fruit and vegetables started at just over 20% in 2001. After that, the figure rose steadily and then reached a peak of 35% in 2006, before falling slightly to 30% in the final year. In terms of men and children eating fruit and vegetables, the rate remained relatively stable in the first three years. From this point, the proportion of men increased slightly then peaked at 28% in both 2006 and 2007, before falling to about 26%. A similar pattern was witnessed in the figure for children as it reached 27% in 2007 and around 24% in the final year. Homework Sample The bar chart delineates the types of transportation used by commuters in one European city in three different years – 1960, 1980, and 2000. Overall, when cars gained popularity, buses lost their appeal. It is also seen that trains and tubes maintained an average rate of commuters over the period. As per the chart, most people in the city traveled to and from work by bus in 1960. This was nearly 40%, which was almost 10% more than the people who depended on tubes. Train travelers accounted for around 18%, whereas the least share of commuters traveled in cars (7%). In 1980, there was a decline in the share of those who depended on buses and tubes, and this was by almost 10 and 5, respectively. When approximately 10% more passengers boarded the train, the growth in car commuters almost doubled. By 2000, cars became the most popular mode of transport. When just over 35% of the working population traveled in cars, the percentage of those who commuted by bus shrank to 15. Around 22 to 25% of people traveled on trains and tubes in the same year. Glossary Exercise 1 1 both 4 downward tendency 2 occurred 5 descended 3 stages 6 eldest UNIT 3. TASK 1 – TABLE Lesson Preparation Vocabulary. Exercise 1 1 four 2 58% 3 56% 4 9% 5 quarter 6 27% 7 a fifth 8 9% 9 6% 10 one in ten Vocabulary. Exercise 2 1 C 2 A 3 D 4 E 5 B Grammar. Exercise 1 1 gradually fell 2 had decreased 3 have remained 4 has been 5 illustrates 6 took 7 have experienced 8 had remained 9 differs 10 will show 11 had fluctuated 12 will likely increase Exam Focus Activity 1 1a. Introduction 1 display, illustrate 2 Cost of a coffee cup 3 Great Britain, United Kingdom 4 between 1990 and 2010, over a period of 20 years, during the 20-year period Sample answer The table gives information relating to the changes in the average price of four different brands of coffee in the United Kingdom between 1990 and 2020. Check-up. – Sample answer a. The table represents the changes in the proportion of British households with different durable products during the 80-year period between 1950 and 2030. b. The table illustrates the figure for different categories of families who were living in poverty in Australia in 1999. 1b. Overview The correct outstanding features are (in any order): B, E, F Check-up. – Sample answer In general, it is clear that Coffee C was the most expensive brand throughout the period. In terms of the main trends, the price of Coffee A increased noticeably, while that of Coffee C and D witnessed a decline and the cost of Coffee B was relatively stable. 1c. Body paragraphs Suggested answer By overall trends Body paragraph 1: (upward) ● ● Body paragraph 1: 1990 - 2000 Dramatic change in coffee A’s price ● Increase: Coffee A (from 1.10 to 1.50) (double from 1.10 to 2.50) ● Decrease: Coffee C (from 4.50 to 3.50) Coffee B: relatively stable (from 1.99 to 2.10) ● By timeline Coffee A changed the most while Coffee B changed the least & coffee B (from 1.99 to 1.95) ● Remain the same: Coffee D at 3.00 Body paragraph 2: (downward) ● Coffee C’s price fell from 4.50 to 3.20 ● Price of Coffee D halved from 3.00 to 1.20 ● While experienced a drop, Coffee C is Body paragraph 2: 2000 - 2010 ● Increase: Coffee A (from 1.50 to 2.50) & coffee B (from 1.99 to 2.10) ● Decrease: Coffee C (from 3.50 to 3.20) & Coffee D (from 3.00 to 1.20) still the most expensive brand Check-up. 1 In more detail, the price of Coffee C declined, falling from £4.50 in 1990 to £3.20 in the final year of the period. 2 Despite this, Coffee C was still the most expensive, costing twice as much as coffee D. 3 The latter coffee brand had been stable at £3.00 in 1990 and 2000, but had been halved to only £1.20 in 2010. Practice Exercise 1. Use the given word to describe the table – Suggested answer Introduction The table illustrates the percentage of school children attending four different types of secondary school from 2000 to 2009. Overview It can be seen that the community schools became the most important providers of secondary school education during the 20-year period. Whereas the community schools experienced a marked increase in the proportion of those attending their institutions over the period, the others saw a corresponding decline. Body paragraph 1 To begin, the percentage of pupils in voluntary-controlled schools fell from just over half to only 20% or one fifth from 2000 to 2009. Similarly, the relative number of children in grammar schools - just under one quarter - dropped by half in the same period. The relatively small percentage of pupils attending the specialist schools also fell (12%) . Body paragraph 2 While the other three types of school declined in importance, the community schools witnessed a dramatic increase. Whereas only a small minority of 12% were educated in these schools in 2000, this figure increased to well over half of all pupils during the following nine years. Exercise 2. Before writing. Suggested answer 1. Columns: services related to railway system – Rows: the data presented by four countries 2. The data from the table is static with changes in the year of 2007. 3. It is clear that Japan had the largest number of people using rail transport and the most passenger kilometres travelled per capita. On the other hand, the US shipped the highest tonnage of goods by rail. 4. The data could be divided by countries in order to compare the differences in terms of traveling and shipping habits. Body paragraph 1: Countries with highest figures (Japan, the US) Body paragraph 2: Countries with relatively small figures (the UK, Italy ) 5. Due to the fact that the timeline of the table was put in the past, we could use the past tenses such as Past Simple and Past Perfect Simple. Sample writing 11 The table provides information about the usage of rail transport in 4 nations in 2007. Overall, while Japan had the largest number of people using rail transport and the most passenger kilometres travelled per capita, the US shipped the highest tonnage of goods by rail. There were more people travelling by rail in Japan, at 27 million, than there were in any of the other countries. This country also had the longest average distance of rail travel per person, at 1,980 kilometres. This was in sharp contrast with the U.S. rail network, which was used by the smallest number of people, at 0.3 million, and had the shortest distance covered per capita, at 80 kilometres. However, the US transported 2,820 billion tons of freight by rail, the most among the four countries. The railway systems in the UK and Italy reported very similar figures in 2007. They both carried well over 5 million people. Moreover, the distance of passengers per head of population 1 Tham khảo “https://www.ieltsessaybank.com/rail-transport/” between the UK and Italy were slightly different, covered an average distance of 775 kilometres per head, and shipped some 22 billion tons of cargo. Glossary Exercise 1 1 F 2 A 3 E 4 B 5 D 6 C Exercise 2 1 with respect to 2 At a glance 3 in comparison to 4 In the succeeding year 5 Taking a closer look at the data 6 Keeping in mind English Phonetics Market share /ˈmɑːkɪt ʃeə/ Manufacturers /ˌmænjʊˈfækʧərəz/ Vietnamese Thị phần Nhà sản xuất số lượng lớn At a glance /æt ə glɑːns/ Nhìn qua An upsurge /ən ʌpˈsɜːʤ/ Sự tăng lên đáng kể In comparison to Subsequent /ɪn kəmˈpærɪsn tuː/ /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/ So sánh với Tiếp theo Keep in mind /kiːp ɪn maɪnd/ Ghi nhớ Homework Example 1 - Sample answer2 The table shows the percentages of the Canadian, German, and British populations aged 65 and over in 1988 and 2000, and predicted figures for 2030. Overall, Germany had the highest percentages of the population aged 65 and over for all years, including predicted future figures, while the UK had the lowest figures in all years. Additionally, the figures for all countries increased over time, and are expected to continue increasing into the future. Between 1988 and 2000, there was a rise of approximately 5 percent in both Canada (from about 16 to 21 percent) and Germany (from about 20 to 25 percent). The UK, on the other hand, showed an insignificant change in proportion (about less than 1 percent) and remained at slightly under 15 percent in both years. Figures for all countries are expected to continue increasing into the future, and by 2030, it is expected that the population aged 65 and over will rise by around 6 percent in all three countries, reaching the percentage of 26 in Canada, 30 in Germany, and 20 in the UK. Tham khảo “https://ieltspracticeonline.com/table-8-the-information-and-predictions-regarding-thechange-in-percentage-of-population-aged-65-and-above-in-three-countries/” 2 UNIT 4. TASK 2 – INTRODUCTION & CONCLUSION Lesson Preparation Vocabulary. Exercise 1 1 B. satisfaction 2 D. well-paid 3 C. remuneration 4 B. path 5 C. career-oriented Vocabulary. Exercise 2 1 C 2 A 3 D 4 E 5 B Grammar. Exercise 1 1 A large quantity of household products that we use in our daily lives 2 A language for programming computers 3 The scientific and technical education of women 4 A dramatic rise in the number of women who are studying and working in science and technology 5 The importance of a focused education which allows people to develop their skills Grammar. Exercise 2 (suggested answer) 2 The range/type of activities for boys and girls 3 The availability/amount of space for physical exercise 4 The number of children in a class OR the size of classes 5 The personality/character of the teacher 6 The sum/amount of money spent on facilities Exam Focus Activity 1 1a. 1. c 2. a 1b. - Introduce the essay question by paraphrasing: sentence 1 - Summarize the main idea of the essay: sentence 2 Activity 2 1 C. It is crucial that young learners are taught interpersonal skills to prepare for future jobs. 2 Importance / preparation 3 It is significant that interpersonal skills are taught to young learners to prepare for future jobs. Activity 3 a Advantages and Disadvantages b Opinion c Discussion d Cause/effect/solution Activity 4. A, D Check-up (suggested answer) Introduction Background sentence: When students finish school, people face the dilemma of whether to get a job or continue their education. Thesis statement: While there are some benefits of getting a job straight after school, I would argue that it is better to go to college or university. Conclusion: In conclusion, it seems to me that students are more likely to be successful in their career if they continue their studies beyond school level. Practice Exercise 1. Choose the suitable word a. b. Introduction Argue, at, lead to, with Introduction In general, number Conclusion To conclude Conclusion In short, However Exercise 2. Suggested answer a. Introduction: Working longer hours is getting more common in today’s society. I personally believe that this trend not only has a severe impact on the workers themselves, but also on their families and the community as a whole. Therefore, I totally agree with the idea of limiting working hours. Conclusion: In conclusion, working long hours would lead to low productivity and frequent sick leaves, thereby doing more harm than good to employees, their relationships with family members and the whole community. b. Introduction: Many people believe that salary plays a vital part in choosing a future job. However, I do believe that there are others who select a job based on other elements. Conclusion: To conclude, it is certainly true that the salary is important in job selection of many people, but this is by no means the key priority for everyone in making a career decision. Exercise 3 Introduction: In recent years, the lack of such soft skills as communication and working in teams has grown. This development is the result of various factors, which can have a negative impact on both employees and employers. Conclusion: In summary, there are a number of reasons behind the lack of soft skills like communication and team working among modern employees, which can have a huge impact on people in the workplace, companies and the general public. Exercise 4. Suggested answer Introduction Background statement: It is true that some people know from an early age what career they want to pursue, and they are happy to spend the rest of their lives in the same profession. Thesis statement: While I accept that this may suit many people, I believe that others enjoy changing careers or seeking job satisfaction in different ways. Conclusion In conclusion, it can certainly be satisfying to pursue a particular career for the while of one’s life, but this is by no means the only route to fulfillment. Homework Exercise 1 (suggested answer) a. 3 (Introduction) If asked whether it is keeping a job or frequently switching jobs that gives more career fulfillment, many would struggle to make the final choice. Personally, choosing a job early and pursuing it for a long time would provide people with a great sense of career satisfaction while job-hopping cannot. (Conclusion) In conclusion, since frequently switching jobs usually ends with numerous challenges, I totally agree with the idea that staying with the same job and pursuing it will be more likely to bring better job fulfillment. b. 4 (Introduction) It is believed that a lot of people have decided to change their jobs or workplace, and living areas as well. Despite some negative developments that do exist, I personally believe that the changing activity is a positive development. (Conclusion) In conclusion, I personally think that changing a career or living place is a good development, as people could achieve higher careers in their lives and get more experiences in their life. Glossary Exercise 1 3 4 1 Unskilled 2 Applications 3 Applicants 4 Qualified Tham khảo https://writing9.com/text/5e9fbfe9f6626d001863e7d3 Tham khảo https://writing9.com/text/5d8ee7dc24d23f001749278b 5 Qualification Exercise 2 1 Fatigue 2 Self-employed 3 Incentive 4 Workforce 5 Applicant English Skilled Phonetics /skɪld/ Vietnamese Khéo léo, tay nghề cao Blue collar /ˌbluː ˈkɑːlər/ Lao động phổ thông White collar /ˌwaɪt ˈkɑːlər/ Lao động trí thức Workforce Performance review Incentive Application Qualification Applicant Fatigue Self-employed /ˈwɜːrkfɔːrs/ /pərˈfɔːrməns rɪvjuː/ /ɪnˈsentɪv/ /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/ /ˌkwɑːlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ /ˈæplɪkənt/ /fəˈtiːɡ/ /ˌself ɪmˈplɔɪd/ Khối lượng công việc Đánh giá hiệu suất công việc Thưởng hiệu suất Sự ứng tuyển Trình độ chuyên môn Ứng viên Sự mệt mỏi Công việc kinh doanh riêng/Tự làm chủ UNIT 5. TASK 2 - TOPIC SENTENCES & REASONS (1) Lesson Preparation Vocabulary. Exercise 1 1 B. companies 2 D. handle 3 C. Generating 4 A. out of business 5 A. establishing Vocabulary. Exercise 2 1 Family-run business 2 Repay 3 Social responsibilities 4 Profitability 5 Credit cards Grammar. Exercise 1 1 D 2 ND 3 D 4 D 5 ND Grammar. Exercise 2 (suggested answer) Sentences (2) + (3) The games and apps found on these devices, which are mostly not educational, can easily become addictive. Sentences (4) + (5) This often results in children spending less time on healthy physical activities, which is particularly problematic for some overweight children. Sentences (6) + (7) In addition, the unsupervised use of electronic devices provides children with access to the internet and social media platforms, where they can be exposed to inappropriate content and online predators. Exam Focus Activity 1 Topic sentence 1: On the one hand, it is undeniable that generating profits brings various benefits for the public. Topic sentence 2: On the other hand, enterprises should also conduct their businesses in a socially responsible manner. Activity 2 1 b 2 a 3 a Check-up (Suggested answer) Topic sentence 1. It is apparent that salary plays a vital role in the daily life. Reason 1. It can be explained that earning money allows them to cover the basic needs and maintain a reasonable living standard. Topic sentence 2. I believe that other considerations are also as important as what we earn in our jobs. Reason 2. It is because personal relationships and the atmosphere in a workplace are extremely important to make commitments to their work. Practice Exercise 1. Suggested answer Introduction. Many people believe that using a credit card brings more benefits than drawbacks. I totally agree with this point of view. Body paragraphs Topic sentence 1. On the one hand, it is true to say that owing a credit card brings some adverse effects. Reason 1. It can be explained that credit cards encourage people to spend more money than they actually need. Topic sentence 2. On the other hand, the huge benefits of getting a credit card are undeniable. Reason 1. It is true that a credit card gives everyone access to money and then pay it back later. Reason 2. Besides, having a credit card is more secure than carrying money around. Conclusion. In conclusion, even though credit cards are useful and convenient, people should be wise when using them. Exercise 2 (suggested answer) Introduction. Individuals believe that the habit of making kids manage a small pocket money every week will help a lot in their life. To a large extent, I agree with this point of view. Body paragraphs Topic sentence 1. Basic skills such as saving money and spending it wisely are excellent ways to teach them how to handle the money properly in the future. Reason 1. Several studies proved that the skills people learn at their young age withstand them throughout the lifetime. Topic sentence 2. Practically experienced financial professionals are in the high demand in every nation. Reason 2. The reason is that the current world is going through a critical crisis. Conclusion To conclude, I firmly believe that basic knowledge about managing wealth should be included in the school curriculum which supports them to understand the value of effective management of money. Homework Exercise 1 (suggested answer) (Introduction) Businesses have always sought to make a profit, but it is becoming increasingly common to hear people talk about the social obligations that companies have. I completely agree with the idea that businesses should do more for society than simply make money. (Body paragraphs) Body part 1 Admittedly, that companies maximize their profits contributes to the benefits for society. When they gain more money, it also means that the government receive more taxes in order to invest in the coming public projects. Meanwhile, with the high revenue, it is undoubted that companies are more likely to boost their prosperity and expand the business scale. (Body paragraphs) Body part 2 However, it is of importance that corporations should share social responsibilities. It can be explained that in some cases, the industrial waste disposed during the production process adversely affects the environment. Another explanation is that big corporations are able to support vulnerable groups in the society. (Conclusion) In conclusion, I believe that companies should place as much importance on their social responsibilities as they do on their financial objectives. Glossary Exercise 1 1 Set up 5 Go 2 Work 6 Go 3 Freedom 7 Major 4 Boost 8 Work Exercise 2 1 Initiate 4 Produce 2 Motivation 5 Profitable 3 Compete 6 Inevitable UNIT 6. TASK 2 - TOPIC SENTENCES & REASONS (2) Lesson Preparation Vocabulary. Exercise 1 1 Publish 2 Privacy 3 Role model 4 Publication 5 Informative Vocabulary. Exercise 2 1 b. purchase 2 c. promote 3 e. keep informed 4 a. detrimental 5 d. gain Grammar. Exercise 1 1 Most people believe that obesity cannot be reduced just by reducing calorie intake. (Direct object) 2 It is important that the individuals do everything they can to help educate their children. (Subject as complement) 3 The government rewards whoever has the most effective solution to deal with plastic bags. (Indirect object) 4 People have to be responsible for whatever they did. (Object of preposition) 5 That smoking has terrible effects on health is obvious. (Subject) Grammar. Exercise 2 1 If 2 Because 3 Although 4 While 5 Because Exam Focus Activity 1 Body paragraph 1 ● Topic sentence: Sentence 4 ● Explanation: Sentence 3 Body paragraph 2 ● Topic sentence: Sentence 1 ● Explanation: Sentence 2 Check-up 1. It is often argued that advertising can benefit society in general. 2. The reason is that commercial advertising enables people to find out about the latest products and upcoming events easily. 3. In contrast, opponents of this view maintain that advertising has a detrimental impact on society as a whole. 4. According to the view, the constant commercial pressure on citizens can encourage consumers to purchase unnecessary things. Practice Exercise 1. Suggested answer Introduction While many people argue that companies can convince people of buying their products through advertising, others believe that individuals are not affected by them anymore. I think that the former point of view is more persuasive. Body part 1 Topic sentence. On the one hand, advertisements are considered to be not effective as expected. Explanation. Many people tend to skip advertisements instead of watching till the end. Body part 2 Topic sentence. On the other hand, it can be said that advertising has a persuasive effect on the public in terms of consuming. Explanation. Many aesthetical advertisements featuring celebrities would draw attention from huge fans. Explanation. The viewers gradually believed in the quality of the products because of the frequent appearance on social media and other platforms. Conclusion To conclude, although people may have varying opinions, I am of the opinion that advertising can have a persuasive effect on the majority of people. Exercise 2. Introduction It is undeniable to say that the media keeps people informed by reporting the news . While many people consider newspapers the most effective solution to get updated, others suppose that other media is better for acquiring information. This essay will discuss both points of view. Body paragraphs Body part 1 Topic sentence. On the one hand, there are several reasons why people choose newspapers as an optimal way to receive news. Explanation. Newspapers are researched carefully, checked and edited thoroughly by journalists before their publication. Explanation. Newspapers have existed for a long time so it has become an indispensable part of most people’s day-to-day reading habit. Body part 2 Topic sentence. On the other hand, other forms of media are also chosen thanks to their more outstanding points. Explanation. People get news more quickly and easily. Explanation. With the aid of advanced technology, online news gives readers a better experience of learning the news. Conclusion In conclusion, compared with newspapers, other media helps readers update news better and more conveniently. Homework Suggested answer (Introduction) Nowadays, many people choose to update local news daily, while others believe that updating news worldwide is more crucial. I agree with the former viewpoint. (Body paragraphs) Body part 1 On the one hand, being aware of international news can bring about many benefits. By getting updated regularly, people catch the latest information about the global environmental issues happening around. Another benefit of reading international news is that people keep informed about global pandemics. Body part 2 On the other hand, national news is more important for readers. It can be explained that by updating the changes in job market, people are supposed to have suitable adjustments to their skills and knowledge. Besides, daily local news provides updates on national politics which has huge impacts on their lives. (Conclusion) In conclusion, I believe that people should read more national news rather than international ones. Glossary Exercise 1 1 Consumer 5 Sales 2 Brands 6 Manufacturers 3 Advertisements 7 Marketing 4 Products 8 Exaggerate Exercise 2 1 Headline 2 Commercial (across), content (down) 3 Viral 4 Censor 5 Layout UNIT 7. TASK 2 – EXAMPLES/ CONSEQUENCES/ ALTERNATIVES Lesson Preparation Vocabulary. Exercise 1 1 B. deterrent 2 C. humane 3 A. punishments 4 D. suspension 5 A. justice Vocabulary. Exercise 2 1 Fair 2 Deterrent 3 Penalty 4 Justice 5 Strict Grammar. Exercise 1 a. 1 Consequently 2 However 3 Clearly 4 Therefore b. 1 For example 2 However Grammar. Exercise 2 1 B. moreover 2 C. In the meantime 3 C. For instance 4 D. Likewise 5 A. Consequently Exam Focus Activity 1 a. (Example) Sentence 4 (Consequence) Sentence 2 b. (Example) Sentence 3 (Alternative) Sentence 1 Check-up 1. Body part 1 (Example) Some viewers change the TV channel when the advertisement break begins. (Consequence) Consequently, even though advertisements appear a lot, not many people are able to remember and recognize the brand of the commercial product. Body part 2 (Example) For instance, Nike chose Cristiano Ronaldo who is one of the most well-known football players in the world as a representative for the marketing campaign for Mercurial Nike. (Consequence) As a result, these advertisements spread worldwide and encouraged millions of fans to buy the products. Practice Exercise 1. Suggested answer Body part 1 (Example) For instance, Tien Phong, one of the most prestigious newspapers in Vietnam, has still been following by a great number of readers. Body part 2 (Alternative) If there were no other forms of reading, people would need to buy newspapers and could not get the latest news. (Consequence) Thanks to the technological development, people are likely to read everything they want with any portable device rather than bring newspapers everywhere. Exercise 2. Suggested answer Body part 1 On the one hand, strict punishments can certainly help to encourage people to drive more safely. Penalties for dangerous drivers can act as a deterrent since people avoid repeating the same offence. There are various types of driving penalty such as small fines, driver awareness courses, licence suspension and even prison sentences. As a result, drivers become more disciplined, alert and follow the rules more carefully. On the other hand, safe driving can be promoted in several different ways that do not punish drivers. Firstly, it is important to educate people properly before they start to drive. Secondly, more attention could be paid to safe road design. For example, signs can be used to warn people and speed cameras can deter people from driving too quickly. Finally, governments and local councils could reduce road accidents by investing in better public transport, which would mean that fewer people would need to travel by car. Homework Suggested answer Body part 1 (Topic sentence) There are good arguments about having one set punishment for each crime (Explanation) The reason is that it is easier and fairer to maintain the justice system. (Consequence) Everyone is more aware of the punishment for each crime so that fixed punishments could deter potential criminals. Body part 2 (Topic sentence) However, I would argue that the circumstances of a crime and the criminal’s motivation should have an influence on the punishment. (Explanation) It can be explained that the judge can decide the best response. (Example) Stealing to feed a family is supposed to have a lighter punishment than stealing for profit. (Alternative) Otherwise, the justice system would be less humane and fair to every citizen. Glossary Exercise 1 1 d. capital punishment 2 c. community service 3 b. a heavy fine 4 e. a prison sentence 5 a. a treatment programme Exercise 2 1 Juvenile 5 Human trafficking 2 Child abuse 6 Innocent 3 Commit 7 Terrorism 4 vandalism