Study & Master Support Pack | Grade 11 CAPS Physical Sciences Information sheets This pack of information sheets for the study of the Physical Sciences Grade 11 CAPS curriculum will support your learners on the road to success. Learners can work through these individually at home or these could form the basis of a catch-up class or online lesson. You have permission to print or photocopy this document or distribute it electronically via email or WhatsApp. Cambridge University Press Africa is a proudly South African publisher. For more information on our Study & Master CAPS-approved textbooks and valuable resource materials, visit www.cambridge.org Brighter thinking I Better learning www.cambridge.org Information for reference SI units In South Africa we use the International System of Units. This is abbreviated as SI (from the French name Système International d’Unitès). There are seven basic units and all other units are derived from these seven. They are: • • • • • • • length (distance) in metres (m) time in seconds (s) mass in kilograms (kg) electric current in ampere (A) temperature in kelvin (K) luminous intensity in candela (cd) amount of substance in mole (mol). A set of derived units is also used. Here is a list of some of these units that you will come across in this book: Quantity Symbol SI unit Position metre (m) Wave speed x, y Dx, Dy or s a vi or u vf or v t Dt m w g F N T f µ, µs, µk U or Ep K or Ek f T v Wavelength l metre (m) Voltage or potential difference volt (V) Work done V W Emf « volt (V) Electric charge coulomb (C) Magnetic field Q, q I R B Magnetic flux F weber (Wb) Power P watt (W) Displacement Acceleration Initial velocity Final velocity Time (instant) Time interval Mass Weight Gravitational acceleration Force Normal force Tension Frictional force Coefficient of friction Potential energy Kinetic energy Frequency Period Electric current Resistance ii metre (m) metre per second squared (m·s−2) metre per second (m·s−1) metre per second (m·s−1) second (s) second (s) kilogram (kg) newton (N) metre per second squared (m·s−2) newton (N) newton (N) newton (N) newton (N) no units joule (J) joule (J) hertz (Hz) second (s) metre per second (m·s−1) joule (J) ampere (A) ohm (Ω) tesla (T) S T U DY & M A S T E R P H Y S I C A L S C I E N C E S S U P P O R T PA C K G R A D E 1 1 SI prefixes To convert in the decimal system, you need to know the metric multiples: Prefix Abbreviation Factor tera- T 1012 giga- G 109 mega- M 106 kilo- k 103 5 1 000 hecto- h 102 5 100 deca- da 101 5 10 deci- d 10–1 5 0,1 centi- c 10–2 5 0,01 milli- m 10–3 5 0,001 micro- µ 10– 6 nano- n 10– 9 pico- p 10–12 Greek symbols We sometimes use the letters from the Greek alphabet as symbols in science. In Grade 11 we will use the following symbols: Greek letter d Greek name Meaning in science Example Delta Partially d− partially negative l Lambda Wavelength λ55m ∆v change in velocity Ф5B3A Unit of resistance: R = 5 Ω ∆ Delta (capital) Change in F Phi Symbol for magnetic flux Ω Omega Ohm Physics constants Name Acceleration due to gravity Gravitational constant Symbol Value g 9,8 m·s−2 G 6,67 3 10−11 N·m2·kg−2 Coulomb’s constant k 9,0 3 109 N·m2·C−2 Speed of light in a vacuum c 3,0 3 108 m·s−1 Charge on electron e −1,6 3 10−19 C Electron mass me 9,11 3 10−31 kg Radius of Earth RE 6,38 3 106 m Mass of Earth ME 5,98 3 1024 kg Physics formulae Motion vf = vi + aΔt vf2 = vi2 + 2aΔx 1 Δx = viΔt + 2aΔt2 Δx = vf 1 vi 2 Δt PHYSICS INFORMATION SHEETS iii Force Fnet = ma mm F = G d1 2 2 W = mg fsmax = μsN fk = μkN Waves, sound and light v = fλ 1 T = f ni sin θi = nr sin θr c n = v Electrostatics QQ F = k r1 2 2 (k = 9,0 3 109 N·m2·C−2) F E= q kQ E = r 2 (k = 9,0 3 109 N·m2·C−2) W V= Q Electromagnetism ∆Φ ε = −N ∆t Φ = BA cos θ Current electricity Q I = ∆t V R= I 1 1 1 1 Rp = R1 + R2 + R3 + … RS = R1 + R2 + R3 + … W W = Vq P = ∆t W = VI∆t P = VI W = I2R∆t P = I2R V 2∆t V2 W= R P= R Chemistry constants Name Symbol Value 6,02 × 1023 mol−1 Molar gas constant NA R Standard pressure Pθ 1,013 3 105 Pa Molar gas volume at STP VM Tθ 22,4 dm3·mol−1 Avogadro’s constant Standard temperature 8,31 J·K−1·mol−1 273 K Chemistry formulae P1V1 P2V2 T1 = T2 PV = nRT iv m n=M N n=N A S T U DY & M A S T E R P H Y S I C A L S C I E N C E S S U P P O R T PA C K G R A D E 1 1 V n=V M n m c = V or c = MV Symbols of chemical elements and their names 1 H Hydrogen 38 Sr Strontium 75 Re Rhenium 2 He Helium 39 Y Yttrium 76 Os Osmium 3 Li Lithium 40 Zr Zirconium 77 Ir Iridium 4 Be Beryllium 41 Nb Niobium 78 Pt Platinum 5 B Boron 42 Mo Molybdenum 79 Au Gold 6 C Carbon 43 Tc Technetium 80 Hg Mercury 7 N Nitrogen 44 Ru Ruthenium 81 Tl Thallium 8 O Oxygen 45 Rh Rhodium 82 Pb Lead 9 F Fluorine 46 Pd Palladium 83 B Bismuth 10 Ne Neon 47 Ag Silver 84 Po Polonium 11 Na Sodium 48 Cd Cadmium 85 At Astatine 12 Mg Magnesium 49 In Indium 86 Rn Radon 13 Al Aluminium 50 Sn Tin 87 Fr Francium 14 Si Silicon 51 Sb Antimony 88 Ra Radium 15 P Phosphorus 52 Te Tellurium 89 Ac Actinium 16 S Sulfur 53 I Iodine 90 Th Thorium 17 Cl Chlorine 54 Xe Xenon 91 Pa Protactinium 18 Ar Argon 55 Cs Cesium 92 U Uranium 19 K Potassium 56 Ba Barium 93 Np Neptunium 20 Ca Calcium 57 La Lanthanum 94 Pu Plutonium 21 Sc Scandium 58 Ce Cerium 95 Am Americium 22 Ti Titanium 59 Pr Praseodymium 96 Cm Curium 23 V Vanadium 60 Nd Neodymium 97 Bk Berkelium 24 Cr Chromium 61 Pm Promethium 98 Cf Californium 25 Mn Manganese 62 Sm Samarium 99 Es Einsteinium 26 Fe Iron 63 Eu Europium 100 Fm Fermium 27 Co Cobalt 64 Gd Gadolinium 101 Md Mendelevium 28 Ni Nickel 65 Tb Terbium 102 No Nobelium 29 Cu Copper 66 Dy Dysprosium 103 Lr Lawrencium 30 Zn Zinc 67 Ho Holmium 104 Rf Rutherfordium 31 Ga Gallium 68 Er Erbium 105 Db Dubnium 32 Ge Germanium 69 Tm Thulium 106 Sg Seaborgium 33 As Arsenic 70 Yb Ytterbium 107 Bh Bohrium 34 Se Selenium 71 Lu Lutetium 108 Hs Hassium 35 Br Bromine 72 Hf Hafnium 109 Mt Meitnerium 36 Kr Krypton 73 Ta Tantalum 110 Ds Darmstadtium 37 Rb Rubidium 74 W Tungsten 111 Rg Roentgenium PHYSICS INFORMATION SHEETS v vi S T U DY & M A S T E R P H Y S I C A L S C I E N C E S S U P P O R T PA C K G R A D E 1 1