ETHICS
CHALENGES OF
GLOBALIZATION
TO FILIPINO
FAMILIES
ETHICAL ISSUES OF THE PHILIPPINES AND
ITS SUGGESTED RECOMMENDATIONS
Submitted By: MERWIN C. CATEMBUNG
BS CRIM 2 BLOCK 3
Submitted To: MS. JOY CANIETE BERMUDEZ, LPT, MAGC, RGC
INSTRUCTOR
Introduction
Globalization is described as the movement of commodities and services, people, capital,
and knowledge across borders. The global economy has become much more linked,
interdependent, and entangled during the last half-century, as globalization and liberalization
appear to be an unstoppable and irreversible trend. Regional trading agreements, the lifting
of trade and investment restrictions, and rapid technology advancements have resulted in
greater economic integration and globalization. In terms of trade, finance, global value
chains, and migration, emerging market economies have also grown considerably more
tightly integrated. Some have credited an extraordinary period of peace and prosperity to
globalization, claiming that it has boosted growth and productivity while also broadening
opportunities for firms, investors, and employees. This is especially true for EMEs, where
many analysts see globalization as a major factor of recent good development and
significant poverty reduction. However, as a result of the Great Financial Crisis's negative
and persistent effects, there has been a growing backlash against globalization, not just in
EMEs but also in advanced countries, particularly in the United Kingdom and the United
States. A pattern of resurgent protectionism is forming over the world, and inward-looking
policies are gaining traction.
However, despite the many advantages that globalization brings it has also bad effects that
causes problems to the Philippines.
This paper analyzes how globalization affect the growing economy of the Philippines, and
here are five ethical economic problems that globalization caused in the Philippines and
some proposed solution to these problems
1.INFLATION
2.GENDER BIAS IN PHILIPPINE LABOR
3.EXPLOITATION
4.POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND INCOME INEQUALITY
5.CULTURAL EROSION
1.ETHICAL PROBLEM: INFLATION
Addition to the country’s credible and efficient implementation of inflation targeting
(Guinigundo (2017)), globalization is also considered as one of the factors for the observed
decline in the sensitivity of inflation in the Philippines to changes in real economic activity or
the flattening of the Phillips curve. On the one hand, a flatter Phillips curve implies that
demand shocks and policy errors will not translate into large inflation movements. On the
other hand, this means that, if inflation is above target, bringing it down to the target level
would entail a greater sacrifice of output, giving greater weight to the central bank’s
commitment to its primary responsibility for price stability (Guinigundo (2017)). The former
indicates the presence of more diversified products, and more competition in the domestic
market, while the latter implies that the export/import structure of the Philippines is becoming
less different from that of world trade
The globalisation experience and its challenges for the Philippine economy (bis.org)
SOLUTION: INVEST IN A BUISNESS WITH LOW CAPITAL NEED
“The best businesses during inflation are the businesses that you buy once and then you don’t have
to keep making capital investments subsequently.”
– Warren Buffet
Do not invest in something that will require continuous reinvestment. As the value of the Philippine
peso drops, this investment will only end up continuously eating up your money
Inflation is caused by a rise in the supply of goods and services. But the great thing is that there are
businesses you can invest in that don’t require huge capital.
For example, look for a business where you won’t have to buy land, big equipment, buy raw
materials, or hire extra people. This can help you save money in the long run to avoid inflation.
2. ETHICAL PROBLEM: GENDER BIAS IN PHILLIPINE LABOR
Economic growth in the Philippines, however, has not translated into sufficient employment
growth and the employment growth has not been inclusive for women. Generally speaking,
there has been little improvement in gender equality in the labor market, as measured by the
share of women in waged employment in the none agriculture sector. In the Philippines, the
estimated proportion of women's annual earnings to men's annual earnings stands at less
than 60%.
However, employment growth alone is not sufficient to judge whether there is inclusive
growth, especially in low-income countries where there is significant underemployment and a
large informal employment sector. Gender inequality in the labor market is ascertained here
by reference to seven gender gaps (or deficits for women): labor force participation, human
capital, the unpaid domestic and care work burden, vulnerable employment, wage
employment, decent work, and social protection. Despite a variety of gender-responsive
legal and policy initiatives, an assessment of the labor market in the Philippines reveals that
although some gender gaps have been reduced, women still suffer from persistent gender
deficits.
“Gender Equality in the Labor Market in the Philippines | Asian Development Bank
(adb.org)”
SOLUTION: INCREASE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Some presented examples to provide for all women who seeks job to provide for their family
specially to those single parents,
1.providing alternatives to childcare in the home
2.promoting policies supporting flexible work arrangements, including work from home, such
as amendment of the Telecommuting Act (Republic Act 11165)
3.addressing gendered social norms that affect women’s participation in the labor market
through media campaigns, behavioral and attitude change interventions that influence
opinions about masculinity, gender roles, earlier childhood development, legislation and
company policies that equally promotes parents to engage in care responsibilities.
“We keep gender equality front and center in our work,”
3.ETHICAL PROBLEM: EXPLOITATION
As previously discussed, economic globalization has provided transnational corporations
with the means to use resources in the Global South. In this case, citizens of countries in the
developing world are expected to work in factories that belong to these superpowers.
Managers of TNCs and their supply chain systems have failed to abide by many local and
international rules and regulations regarding trade and labor conditions. Working conditions,
wages, and local rules regarding child labor and slavery are among the many things that
supply chain managers are unable to keep track of. Supply chain capitalism has been linked
to multiple forms of exploitation of labor.
The biggest victims of exploitation in this case are the children of the Global South, as their
parents are already suffering in poverty and are unable to do much for them. Over the last
several years, hundreds of millions of child laborers between the ages of 5 and 17 have
been identified by organizations such as the ILO and UNICEF. The use of child labor is a
direct violation of civil-political human rights. These children are working in dire conditions
out of their control and are, therefore, deprived from their basic needs, such as education.
Globalization and exploitation: children of the Global South — The Phoenix Daily
SOLUTION: IMPOSE HUMAN RIGHT SPECIALLY TO THOSE WHO ARE NOT AWARE
Human rights are there to recognize the importance of every person as a human being,
regardless of their physical and cultural characteristics. There exists to be three types of
human rights norms, one of which includes civil-political liberties. These rights are inclusive
of physical and civil security. This means that a person must never be subjected to torture of
any kind, slavery, or inhumane treatment.
4.ETHICAL PROBLEMS: POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND INCOME INEQUALITY
A recurring concern related to increasing globalization is its impact on poverty
alleviation and income inequality. Preliminary estimates show that an increase in trade
openness contributes to reduction in income inequality in the Philippines, It is worth noting
that, while there is evidence that higher rates of growth can
reduce poverty (Dollar et al (2013)), if GDP growth is accompanied by an increase in
inequality, this could still worsen poverty. According to Bourguignon (2004), both
growth and inequality changes play a major role in generating changes in poverty.
He explains that, over the medium run, distributional changes may be responsible for
sizeable changes in poverty and in some instances, these changes may even offset
the favorable effects of growth. This was supported by a study conducted in the
Philippines by Reyes and Tabuga (2011), in which they found that, while the rate of
growth matters a lot in poverty reduction, the redistribution of income also matters.17
This implies that the nature of economic growth matters. While globalization has no
direct impact on poverty, globalization can affect poverty indirectly through its impact
on economic growth and income inequality.
The globalization experience and its challenges for the Philippine economy (ssrn.com)
SOLUTION: IMPLEMENT MEASURES TO ENCOURAGE ECONOMIC EXPANSION AND
LESSEN INEQUALITY.
Extreme economic inequality is corrosive to our societies. It makes poverty reduction harder,
hurts our economies, and drives conflict and violence. Reversing this trend presents a
significant challenge, but one where we’ve seen some progress. Below are ways to move
the world forward in reducing global poverty and inequality.
1.Enforce a Living Wage
Governments should establish and enforce a national living wage, and corporations should
also prioritize a living wage for their workers and with the suppliers, buyers, and others with
whom they do business. Low and unlivable wages are a result of worker disempowerment
and concentration of wealth at the top—hallmarks of unequal societies.
2. Workers’ Right to Organize
The right of workers to organize has always been a cornerstone of more equal societies, and
should be prioritized and protected wherever this basic right is violated. Extreme inequality
requires the disempowerment of workers. Therefore, the right of workers to organize and
bargain collectively for better pay and conditions is a global human rights priority.
3. Stop Other Labor Abuses
Companies worldwide are also replacing what was once permanent and stable employment
with temporary and contingent labor. Often called “contingent” or “precarious” workers, these
workers fill a labor need that is permanent while being denied the status of employment.
5.ETHICAL PROBLEM: CULTURAL EROSION
Globalization, unfortunately also has become instrumental to the slow erosion of the unique
nuances in local culture due to the depersonalized consumer orientation of the world. Local
theaters are slowly being replaced by home centers and video tapes. Department stores are
competing with Internet selling. Even church visits have declined in favor of televised rituals.
The world has changed. The people seem closer because they experience and use the
same things all over the world.
While these examples are positive in defense of “convenience for the demands of modern
living” so much is lost on personal interaction as a consequence of the use of electronic
interaction. Seeing people in restaurants gathered together on the table texting on their cell
phones rather than talking to each other. Online education is a growing trend especially for
working students. One learns discipline following through online assignments. However,
interaction with other students and the professor and passionate discussion/debates are
diminished.
Tradition is gradually lost in inventive food fusion. Conception via in-vitro fertilization, sperm
banks, and surrogacy produce “custom designed” babies. Death facilitated through Dr.
Kevorkian machine replaced God and natural death. Is international banking another way of
avoiding taxes or hiding taxable wealth? The list could be endless but with the exception of
the family unit that still strive to stick together; tradition is gradually diminishing into a
depersonalized existence.
How a globalized world can lead to the erosion of cultural traditions » The FilAm
SOLUTION: PROMOTE CULTURAL PRESERVATIONS
Your culture is a huge part of who you are and the way you see the world. When you live in
a place where your culture is the mainstream culture, you likely don't have to put much effort
into preserving it—it's all around you! But what happens if you move to another country or
when younger generations lose contact with older generations? If you don't actively preserve
your culture, you risk losing the art, traditions, food, and language that give life meaning.
Participate in cultural events and traditions or organize your own events to share your culture
with others outside of it.
Cook family recipes to get in touch with your culture through all 5 senses and enjoy a taste
of home even when you're far away.
Learn and speak your ancestral language to preserve your culture's perspective and outlook
on life and the world.
Interview elders in your community to create a cultural record of your beliefs and traditions
that you can pass on to others.