A1 REVISION TEST ANSWER KEY
A. Listen to the conversation. For questions 1−5, choose the correct answer.
1. John started a new job ____________.
a. three months ago
b. last month
c. this month
2. Now John gets up at _____________.
a. 6.30
b. 7.30
c. 8.00
3. John is working as ______________ .
a. an engineer
b. a receptionist c. a manager
4. John’s job is not difficult because the team _____________.
a. are friendly
b. work hard
c. like their jobs
5. John became a member of the company ___________ team.
a. football
b. tennis
c. basketball
B. Listen to a conversation between Gina and Mike. For questions 6-10, choose the correct
answer. (Progress test 4A – Exercise 1)
6. Gina and Mike are organizing a ______________.
a. food festival
b. film festival
c. music festival
7. The festival is going to be in _________.
a. July
b. August
c. September
8. Mike thinks the festival should be in the __________.
a. park
b. cinema
c. museum
9. In September there isn’t much rain and it’s also __________.
a. wet
b. sunny
c. hot
10. They are going to make ____________ to tell people about the festival.
a. posters
b. a radio advertisement c. a website
C. Choose the best answers to complete the text.
I live in a smart city. Smart cities are like smartphones. They 11__________ technology to make
people’s lives easier. This technology also helps to make the city 12__________ to live in
because people say time is money. So, how does it work? There are many small computers
around the city. They record information and send text messages to people’s smartphones. For
example, there are cameras 13__________ car parks. They can see how many parking spaces
are free. So, when I’m 14__________ around, I receive messages to 15__________ me where
I can park. This is good because many people don’t have 16__________ time. Shops and other
places can use this technology too. For example, 17__________ can send messages to customers
when there aren’t any more tickets to see a film. Also, people get information from shops about
offers and 18__________. Last month, my city started to use smart technology with the weather.
This means people can move outside activities inside when it’s going to be cold or
19__________. I love my smart city because I can 20__________ my life easily.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
a. use
a. cheaply
a. under
a. drove
a. tell
a. many
a. museums
a. reviews
a. sunny
a. repair
b. uses
c. used
b. cheapest
c. cheaper
b. between
c. in
b. driving
c. drive
b. say
c. speak
b. some c. much
b. cinemas
c. libraries
b. discounts
c. receipts
b. rain
c. wet
b. organize
c. help
Life and the weather
The weather is important for many parts of our lives. It can affect the food we eat, the homes we live in,
the work we do and how we travel to work. It also changes how we live our lives, the way we spend our
spare time and what happens to our health.
Firstly, the seasons are important. The bright, warm and sunny summer months help people to take more
exercise, and eat healthier and fresher food. People can also eat and relax outside more. However, in
winter many people in cold places such as Canada spend most of the winter indoors to avoid the freezing
temperatures, snow and ice. In Toronto, there are walkways under the ground so people can walk around
more comfortably. The walkways connect public transport with shops, offices and sports centres.
The weather also means companies organize their businesses differently. For example, the weather
changes things that farmers can grow, and storms mean transport companies have to prepare for
problems. Also, people start and finish work at different times and wear different clothes depending on
the weather. In some countries like Morocco or Portugal, it is often hot for most of the year and the
midday sun at lunchtime can make it difficult to work. This means people in countries like these often
start work earlier than in other places and sometimes work in the evenings because it is cooler.
Finally, the weather is important for governments. When the weather is very hot or cold, governments
have to make decisions about how they should spend their money. In the winter in cold countries, more
people are sick so hospitals often need more doctors and nurses, and transport companies have to clear
the roads and railways of snow. All these things cost money, so governments have to think about difficult
questions. Should hospitals receive more money for doctors and nurses? Should the government help
private companies that lose money because of really bad weather? There are no simple answers to these
questions because some people always feel that governments should do more to help. It is clear that the
weather is much more important than we think and a lot of our daily activities depend on it.
D. Read the text. Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F). If there is no information
about this, write ‘not given’ (NG).
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
The weather is a large part of people’s daily lives. T
People in hot countries work outside more. NG
The walkways in Toronto make it easier for people to move from place to place. T
The weather does not make problems for transport companies. F
Many farmers in different countries grow the same food. NG
E. Read the text again. Choose the correct answer.
26. The weather changes what people wear to work and __________.
a. their working hours
b. the places they have lunch
c. how they travel to work
27. In places where the temperature is often very high, people __________.
a. only work in the mornings
b. work in cool buildings
c. work at times when it’s not so hot
28. In cold countries, hospitals and transport companies need __________ to fix problems.
a. money
b. the sun
c. people
29. The questions governments have to answer in bad weather __________.
a. aren’t easy b. aren’t helpfulc. aren’t difficult
30. Most people don’t know how much the weather __________.
a. costs governments every year
b. changes the way we live our lives
c. increases everyday prices
F. Choose the best answers to complete the text.
As our lives have changed in the modern world, so have the houses we live in. In the past, houses
31__________ mainly wood or stone. These houses 32__________ very comfortable because they were
often too hot or too cold. Nowadays, we 33__________ build better houses and they 34__________ so
much electricity for heating or air conditioning. Also, these days people use more glass to build houses
so they are very 35__________. The way we build houses is always changing. In the future, people are
going to use their houses to work 36__________ more and more. This is going to be possible because
of changes in 37__________ technology. For example, in the past people worked in 38__________
office or studied in college libraries because they could use computers and books there. Now people can
work or study on a table in the 39__________ because nearly everyone has the internet at home. Living
in and working from better homes 40__________ make all our lives easier and more relaxing.
31.
32.
33.
34.
a. was
a. weren’t
a. can
a. don’t use
b. are
b. aren’t
b. could
b. doesn’t use
c. were
c. wasn’t
c. couldn’t
c. aren’t using
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
a. small
a. from home
a. a
a. the
a. toilet
a. shouldn’t
b. light
b. earn
b. the
b. an
b. bathroom
b. should
c. tidy
c. long hours
c. –
c. a
c. kitchen
c. have to
A2 REVISION TEST ANSWER KEY
1  Listen to a woman talking about her work as a pilot. For questions 1–5, choose the best
answer, a, b or c.
1 Olivia had her first flying lessons _____.
a when she was a child
b after she left university
c while studying for her degree
2 Olivia got the job she does now _____.
a by responding to an advert
b thanks to people her flying instructor knew
c after doing lots of interview practice with her
parents
3 Olivia regularly communicated with the Senior First Officer _____.
a by phone
b in person
c via the internet
4 Olivia’s job as First Officer involves _____.
a planning flight times
b doing some paperwork
c making decisions about the crew
5 Olivia says that, in particular, she enjoys _____.
a working with her colleagues
b admiring the various views
c chatting with the passengers
2 Choose the best option to complete the email.
Hi Milan
I just want to let you know that I didn’t manage to get to the solicitor’s office to sign those papers. I’m
really sorry, but it was just 1__________ because I had a bad 2__________ today. I decided to drive to
the office because the buses around here are so 3__________. Anyway, I left home after lunch, and I
was on my 4__________ to the office, when I realized that there was something wrong with the car. I
5
__________ on driving because I didn’t want to be late. Then, the car suddenly stopped and I saw
that there was no petrol 6__________! I thought I could just go to a petrol station and perhaps buy a
7
__________ of petrol, but the nearest one was miles away. I called a taxi to take me there, but it took
ages to come. The whole thing was really 8__________ and now I feel really 9__________ because I
know you wanted me to go there today. I’ll go first thing tomorrow morning, and I’ll call you when
everything’s ready. Anyway, I hope your evening will be more 10__________ than my day! I’ll talk to
you tomorrow.
Anya
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
a)impossible
a)experience
a)unreliable
a)wish
a)depended
a) had
a)tin
a)enjoyable
a) scared
a) suitable
b) useful
b) information
b)unpleasant
b)set up
b)carried
b)gone
b)can
b)stressful
b) lonely
b)enjoyable
c) ordinary
c) arrangement
c) unusual
c)way
c)consisted
c)left
c)box
c)relaxed
c)guilty
c) creative
Read the text about the benefits of music. The reading passage has six paragraphs A–F. Which
paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter. There is one
paragraph you don’t need.
1
2
3
4
5
The health benefits of positive thinking. __B___
The range of age groups that music can bring benefits to. __A___
The results of a test to see how clever people are. _F____
The help that music can give for some school subjects. __D___
The benefits of music for society in general. _E____
The Benefits of Music
A
Much research has been done into the benefits of music. Music helps babies to develop in their
mothers’ wombs even before birth, and it also helps everyone from young children right up to the
elderly to understand and manage everyday feelings such as happiness or sadness. Many people have
favorite songs for certain situations; when they feel angry, for example, they know exactly which
music to listen to in order to give them the calm they need at that moment. Music has the ability to
very successfully express the exact same feelings that people have.
B
As well as changing people’s moods, music can also help people who are in pain. Two groups
of patients took part in a recent scientific test – one group listened to music for an hour each day for a
week, and the other didn’t. The data was examined, and a report of the results was published. This
showed that people’s idea of pain was reduced by up to 21%; the people who listened to music
reported an improvement in their condition, compared with those who hadn’t listened to music. The
explanation scientists give is that as listening to music puts people in a better mood, they feel less
negative. Patients experiencing negative energy almost always take longer to recover than those who
don’t feel like this.
C
Many people listen to soft music to help them fall asleep. This practice is supported by studies
in a variety of settings. The advice is to avoid listening to lively dance music before you aim to fall
asleep.
However, if you’re trying to wake up in the morning, go for fast-tempo music rather than lullabies.
D
Music has further benefits when it comes to learning, according to some organizations.
Research has shown that studying and playing music may actually help students improve their grades
overall. This may be because the human brain works very much in the same way patterns do in music.
How exactly this works is still unknown; what we do know, however, is that the thought patterns that
people have while creating music help increase language-learning skills and maths.
E
Social skills also benefit when people are exposed to music. One musician famously said that
music is the language of the universe – bringing people together, and allowing people from all parts of
the world to experience similar feelings. It can fill in any gaps or differences between cultures in a way
that spoken language cannot.
F
Some research shows that people who play music have better-developed communication
between the left and right sides of their brains. Experts say that playing music helps to send messages
to the brain. These messages then result in other brain activity. In fact, experiments have produced
some fascinating results. When a selection of people was asked to take a well-known test to find out
how intelligent they are, those who listened to a famous piece of classical music while doing the test
scored considerably more points than those who didn’t listen to music.
4 Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F). If there is no information about this, choose
‘not given’ (NG).
1
2
3
4
5
Romantic music can improve people’s moods. __NG___
Patients who listen to music get better faster than patients who don’t. __T___
The best time of day to listen to soft music is early in the morning. _F____
Music can help students have better relationships with their teachers. ___NG__
Playing a musical instrument increases the size of the left side of the brain. __F___
5 Choose the best response to the following statements.
1 A
B
So it’s the building on the left after the traffic lights?
____________ . You can’t miss it.
a Turn right.
b Is that right?
c That’s right.
2 A
B
I’m afraid I can’t make Tuesday because of work.
____________ meeting on Wednesday instead?
a How about
b Could we
c Would you like to
3 A
B
4 A
B
Have you heard the news? My car was stolen yesterday.
____________! I hope the police will find it.
a How fantastic
b I’m really happy for you
c That’s awful
Sorry, I keep losing the phone signal.
Yes, ____________ Is that better now?
a it’s a bad connection.
b please speak up
c what do you mean by breaking up?
5 A
B
So, what qualifications have you got?
____________
a I’m good at working with others.
b I’ve got a degree in computer science.
c I’m currently working for a small company.
6) Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was probably the 1__________ famous South African who has ever
lived. He was born on 18 July 1918, in a village called Mvezo in the Umtata region of the country. His
parents didn’t know how to read and write, 2__________ his birth mother understood that education
was important. 3__________, she decided to send Nelson to school when he was about seven years
old. It was at school that he 4__________ the English name ‘Nelson’ from his teacher. Nelson then
went on to secondary school and university. He decided 5__________ English and politics at
university. However, he got into 6__________ trouble while he was there, and did not finish his
degree. He 7__________ the university in 1940 without 8__________ qualifications.
In 1941, Nelson moved to Johannesburg, one of the biggest cities in South Africa. He soon found a job
and was successful. His boss was happy with him because he was very 9__________. Nelson made
several new friends and became interested in politics again. In fact, at that time, he 10__________ to be
a politician one day. And the rest, as they say, is history!
1 a more
2 a since
3 a Therefore
4 a became
5 a studying
6 a some
7 a has left
8 a any
9 a untidy
10 a hoped
b less
b but
b As
b got
b study
b enough
b left
b lots
b shy
b imagined
c most
c because
c Since
c caught
c to study
c many
c is leaving
c a few
c hard-working
c enjoyed
1 c 2 b 3 a 4 b 5 c 6 a 7 b 8 a 9 c 10 a
B1 REVISION TEST ANSWER KEY
LISTENING
You are going to listen to two students giving class presentations about money and space
exploration. Choose the correct answer.
1. The teacher tells us that Cally and Noah are going to talk about _______.
A. the benefits of space programs
B. opposite sides of an argument
C. the relationship between space programs and environmental programs
2. Cally will focus on the amount that ______ spend on space exploration programs.
A. companies
B. the USA and China
C. governments
3. Cally ______ about space exploration to other planets.
A. gives some historical information
B. predicts that Noah will talk positively
C. mentions a famous film
4. Cally uses film director James Cameron as an example. Her main point is that
______.
A. people know more about Mars than the bottom of the oceans
B. people are finding new species of animals on Earth all the time
C. only very rich people can have this experience
5. Cally explains something called PES. PES ______.
A. pays people not to cut down trees
B. buys land where new trees are planted
C. is a way for governments to buy forests
6. Noah argues that Cally’s views on Earth exploration are incorrect because _______.
A. there are already maps of the bottom of the ocean
B. space scientists also explore the Earth
C. NASA has several satellites which only look at Earth
7. Noah has a strong opinion about deep ocean exploration. He says the deep ocean is
_______.
A. flat and stupid
B. dark and uninteresting
C. beautiful and dangerous
8. According to Noah, $7 billion is __________ of global military spending.
A. 14%
B. 0.4%
C. 4
9. Noah gives __________ as examples to show the connections between space programs
and environmental programs.
A. the internet and telescopes
B. satellite pictures and weather forecasts
C. rockets and remote-controlled vehicles
10. In his conclusion, Noah __________ a Dutch astronaut.
A. quotes
B. reads from a book by
C. thanks
USE OF ENGLISH: VOCABULARY
Choose the correct answer.
1. It took weeks to __________ why the robot had failed so badly.
a. stand by
b. keep up with
c. figure out
d. take over
2. A __________ hurricane, such as Hurricane Florence, can affect several countries.
a. sincere
b. destructive
c. previous
d. tedious
3. Ellie’s __________ for skill and athleticism was well known.
a. obstacle
b. criterion
c. reputation
d. outcome
4. We __________ our research in three different cities, with dramatic results.
a. encouraged
b. associated
c. received
d. conducted
5. You can’t __________ the children. They were too tired to behave well.
a. solve
b. reject
c. deny
d. blame
6. I want to __________ research, but there aren’t many jobs in that area.
a. go into
b. wear off
c. stand by
d. take over
USE OF ENGLISH: GRAMMAR
Choose the correct answer.
1. Thank you very much for your letter __________ was very interesting.
a. which
b. who
c. Ø
d. where
2. The boys __________ shouted in the street are not from our school.
a. which
b. where
c. Ø
d. who
3. The shop __________ we generally buy our bread has closed down.
a. which
b. that
c. who
d. where
4. She doesn’t know the name of the man __________ she works with in the same company.
a. Ø
b. which
c. when
d. where
5. Emily was terrified ________ spiders when she was a child.
a. of
b. into
c. from
d. on
6. He later apologized ________ his behaviour.
a. of
b. from
c. for
d. on
7. The old woman lived alone, with ---- to look after ----.
a. someone / her
b. anyone / herself
c. everyone / she
d. no one / her
8. The contractors ---- the stadium when strike ---- all construction.
a. built / is stopping
b. were building / stopped
c. will build / will stop
d. were building / will stop
9. All pilots ---- speak English so that other pilots and air controllers ---- them.
a. have to / would understand
b. have to / understand
c. would have to / are understood
d. had to / will understand
10. The author ---- quite annoyed when she ---- that the publisher was very dishonest.
a. will be / will determine
b. is / is determining
c. was / determined
d. would be / will determine
11. Yesterday at a restaurant, I saw Sally, an old friend of mine. I had not seen her for years.
At first, I ---- her because she ---- at least 20 kilos.
a. didn’t recognize / will lose
b. didn’t recognize / had lost
c. hadn’t recognized / lost
d. didn’t recognize / were losing
12. A: "Why aren't you going mountain climbing with the rest of us next weekend?"
B: "To be honest with you, I'm a coward. If I were brave, I ---- with you."
a. would have gone
b. would go
c. go
d. will go
13. You ---- down to about 30 kilometers an hour when you are driving through a school zone
between dawn and dusk.
a. must slow
b. had to slow
c. may slow
d. can slow
Choose the option which has the closest meaning to the sentence given in bold.
1. It is possible that they will catch the train.
a.
b.
c.
2.
They may catch the train.
They have to catch the train.
They ought to catch the train.
I do not run as fast as I did when I was young.
a. I would run as fast as I do now.
b. I used to run faster than I do now.
c. I ran the fastest when I was young.
3. Tom started collecting stamps when he was a kid.
a. Tom didn't use to collect stamps when he was a kid.
b. Tom had collected stamps for a long time when he was a kid.
c. Tom has been collecting stamps since he was a kid.
4. Peter works harder than any other employee in the company.
a. Peter works the hardest in the company.
b. Nobody works less hard than Peter in the company.
c. There are some employees who work as hard as Peter in the company.
5. He broke his leg, but he still went to work.
a. Although he broke his leg, he still went to work.
b. He broke his leg so that he couldn't go to work.
c. He didn't go to work because he broke his leg.
READING
Read the article below about decision-making and choose the best answer.
I
Have you ever wondered why some people are brilliant decision makers while others are not?
Or why is it that some can successfully follow their instinct and win all the time when others
fail? Do you want to know how our brains work in different contexts? Then you need to read
Malcolm Gladwell’s book Blink. The book is an analysis of a lot of research about “thinking
without thinking”, which is also often called “rapid cognition”. The author uses a lot of stories
to show the reader how choices that seem to be made in an instant often aren't as simple as
they seem. According to Gladwell, great decision makers aren't those who process the most
information or spend the most time thinking about the problem. Instead, it is those who have
perfected the art of “thin-slicing”: focusing on only those factors that matter to make a
decision.
II
Thin-slicing is a term used in psychology and philosophy to describe the ability to find
patterns in events based only on narrow windows of experience. The term means making very
quick judgements about the state, characteristics or details of an individual or situation with
minimal amounts of information. These decisions can be as accurate as, or even more precise
than, judgments based on much more information. The reason for this is that our brains are
like computers. They tend to process all their knowledge instantly to give their first
impression about a situation. And this happens even if we aren’t conscious about it. Deeper
parts of our mind will recognize patterns and connections long before our brain does. As a
result, we often don’t know how or why we know something.
III
Modern culture sometimes values decisions which are complex and take a lot of time to make.
According to Gladwell, however, quick judgments are often more accurate than when we take
time to analyze a situation. The reason for this is that thinking too much can lead to “analysis
paralysis”. In other words, less is sometimes more. Gladwell thinks that a sign of a real expert
is that he or she can notice what doesn’t happen. For example, less experienced doctors may
try to collect too much information to assess if a patient is going to have a heart attack. But
there is a new algorithm now that focuses on three things only and is more effective. Extra
information often only confuses a decision maker. The author also thinks about why this tends
to happen. He believes that humans have a “storytelling problem”. We’re a bit too quick to
come up with explanations “for things we don’t really have an explanation for.”
IV
Gladwell also mentions some examples in the book where people later understood why they
knew what they knew in a given moment. For example, he tells a story of a firefighter and his
team. They were trying to stop a fire in a kitchen. They were spraying the fire with water but
nothing happened. The firefighter suddenly shouted “‘Let’s get out, NOW!”. Moments after
they did, the floor on which they had been standing collapsed. The fire, it turned out, had been
in the basement. When the firefighter later analyzed the events, he realized a few things. First,
the fire didn’t behave the way it was supposed to. Kitchen fires should respond to water. This
one didn’t. Seconds, he remembers feeling much hotter in the room than he expected. A
kitchen fire shouldn’t be that hot. The heat was coming from below them. And third, the fire
wasn’t noisy. This didn’t make sense because there was a lot of heat. The firefighter didn’t
make any of those connections consciously. All of his thinking was going on in his deeper
mind.
V
We can’t and probably shouldn’t make very quick decisions all the time in life. Gladwell
recommends relying on our “rapid cognition” in the case of more difficult issues, however.
He agrees with Sigmund Freud, who said that when making a less important decision, it is
worth considering all the advantages and disadvantages rationally. In the really important
questions of our life though, such as choosing a profession or a partner, the decision should
always come from “somewhere deeper” within.
A. Choose the correct answers.
1. What is the main idea of the article about decision making.
a. Some people are better decision makers than others.
b. Our brain is like a computer.
c. Quick decisions are often the best.
d. Some decisions are more important than others.
2. Which statement is true about “thin-slicing”?
a. It can only be based on conscious information.
b. It requires very little information.
c. It requires a good computer.
d. It is a term only used in psychology.
3. Which statement is true about “analysis paralysis”?
a. It happened to the medical algorithm described.
b. It can be solved by storytelling.
c. It happens to experts sometimes.
d. It happens when we think too much.
4. Which statement is true about the firefighter in the article?
a. He didn’t notice anything unusual.
b. He analyzed the situation for too long.
c. He made the right decision.
d. He noticed something loud.
5. Which statement is true about Sigmund Freud?
a. He used rapid cognition as well.
b. Gladwell recommends his books.
c. Gladwell doesn’t think he was right.
d. He thought making quick decisions is only useful in one’s love life.
B2 REVISION TEST ANSWER KEY
Listening
You will hear an interview with a food blogger. Read the statements and choose True or
False, based on the information in the interview.
1.
Hannah is a frequent guest on the show.
a. True
b. False
2.
Hannah only promotes products that she is passionate about.
a. True
b. False
3.
Her personal cooking articles and videos are Hannah’s newest addition to her blog.
a. True
b. False
4.
Hannah uses fake ingredients in her pictures.
a. True
b. False
5.
Hannah makes no changes to the pictures she takes of food.
a. True
b. False
6. Hannah believes all food bloggers edit their photos in some way.
a. True
b. False
7. In Hannah’s opinion, her followers need to know about all the edits to the photos.
a. True
b. False
8. Looking at pictures of bright-coloured food does not affect hunger levels.
a. True
b. False
9. Studies show that taking pictures of food makes you enjoy the food more.
a. True
b. False
10. Making money influences how Hannah decides to edit photos.
a. True
b. False
USE OF ENGLISH: VOCABULARY
Part 1: Choose the correct answer.
Today, scientists use (1)_____technology to explore the deep ocean, but another kind of
(2)_____called “echo‐sounding” was used to determine the depth of the sea bottom. Echo‐
sounding instruments were used to find out the depth of the water by means of an acoustic
echo. A pulse of sound sent from a ship was reflected from the sea bottom back to the ship.
The time between its transmission and reception was proportional to the depth of the water.
By registering the (3)_____of these time lapses between outgoing and returning signals
continuously on paper tape, a continuous mapping of the seabed was obtained. The majority
of the ocean floor was mapped in this way.
In addition, today experts use a range of high‐tech instruments to (4)_____the deep‐
sea. These instruments are either lowered to the sea bottom by long cables or directly
(5)_____to submersible floating devices called “buoys”. Scientists study deep‐sea currents,
for example, by monitoring similar floats carrying an ultrasonic sound device so that their
movements can be tracked from aboard the research vessel. Such vessels themselves
(6)_____modern navigational instruments, such as satellite navigation systems, and global
positioning systems that keep the vessel in a live position relative to a sonar beacon on the
bottom of the ocean.
1.
a. sophisticated
b. abundant
c. relevant
d. consistent
2.
a. relevance
b. ratio
c. methodology
d. attachment
3.
a. relevance
b. ratio
c. methodology
d. attachment
4.
a. attach
b. utilize
c. stabilize
d. analyze
5.
a. attached
b. utilized
c. stabilized
d. analyzed
6.
a. attach
b. utilize
c. stabilize
d. analyze
Part 2: Choose the correct answer.
7.
He had such a heavy_______ at work this week, he wasn’t able to attend the birthday
dinner.
a. ignorance
b. infection
c. load
d. feature
8.
If they don’t improve the _______in the office, it will be harder to generate new ideas
because everybody is from the same type of background.
a. consumer
b. diversity
c. debate
d. shortage
9.
Sales have started to_______because of the economic crisis.
a. suffer
b. expand
c. launch
d. double
10. It was a
_______ day at work. Nothing interesting happened, but he had a nice
chat with some of his co-workers.
a. decent
b. fierce
c. miserable
d. capable
11.
It is completely _______that somebody could work for the company without having
ever met the owner. He is always around.
a. flammable
b. inadvertent
c. inconceivable
d. ethical
12.
It is not
_______ a problem that Jerry hasn’t started saving for retirement yet,
but he should definitely start soon.
a. vastly
b. necessarily
c. entirely
d. moderately
13.
Her _______ to getting more vacation days was very positive. She was excited to visit
her family in Florida.
a. notion
b. outcome
c. reaction
d. stock
14.
_______, the matter will be resolved by tomorrow. In case it’s not, though, we need to
start thinking of some solutions.
a. In particular
b. Face to face
c. In all probability
d. Broadly speaking
15.
The increasing demand for submarine cables installment _______to a need for more
accurate soundings so the first investigations of the sea bottom were undertaken.
a. Resulted
b. Contributed
c. Brought
d. Responded
16.
The extreme conditions in the deep sea are_______for the fact that deep‐sea
exploration has a relatively short history.
a. Responsible
b. Contribution
c. Leading
d. Factor
17.
Such accidents may_______ from parts of the submarine becoming trapped in its
surroundings.
a. arise
b. contribute
c. bring
d. Result
18.
Vescovo compared mountain climbing to diving. He believes their similarity_______
from the fact that both require new instruments and technology.
a. stems
b. leads
c. responds
d. contributes
USE OF ENGLISH: Grammar
Part 1: Choose the correct answer
1. The furniture was moved while some shelves ______ on the wall.
a. were putting up
b. are put up
c. have been put up
d. were being put up
2. ______ it was late, he decided to call her.
a. However
b. Though *
c. In spite of
d. Nevertheless
3. She regretted not accepting the promotion, even if it would have meant ______ to another
town.
a. moving
b. to move
c. move
d. that she moves
4. While we are putting up the decorations tomorrow afternoon, she ______ some party food.
a. has prepared
b. prepares
c. will be preparing
d. will have prepared
5. By the time they arrive next Saturday, we ______ painting the guest room.
a. are finishing
b. finish
c. had finished
d. will have finished
6. You ______ your uncle. He died a year before you were born.
a. shouldn’t have met
b. mustn’t have met
c. can’t have met
d. might not have met
7. The castle ______ to the public since it was declared unsafe.
a. has been closed
b. was closed
c. had been closed
d. is closed
8. That gadget was a complete waste of money. I wish I ______ it.
a. wouldn’t buy
b. don’t buy
c. didn’t buy it
d. hadn’t bought
9. Linda......a vegetarian three years ago after watching a documentary on animal rights, and
she......meat since then.
a. became / hasn't eaten
b. had become / doesn't eat
c. was becoming / isn't eating
d. would become / didn't eat
10. Since an earthquake......at any time, it is always best to be prepared.
a. will have occurred
b. must have occurred
c. ought to occur
d. might occur
11. Not......as a finalist in the spelling competition caused young Scott ...... from depression
for months afterwards.
a. to choose / suffering
b. being chosen / to suffer
c. to have chosen / to be suffered
d. choosing / to have suffered
Part 2: Choose the option that has the closest meaning to the sentence given in bold.
12. It rained a lot, so we couldn't go for a walk.
a. If it didn't rain a lot, we could go for a walk.
b. If it hadn’t rained a lot, we could have gone for a walk.
c. If it didn't rain a lot, we could have gone for a walk
13. "Do you speak any foreign languages?" he asked me.
a. He told me that I spoke foreign languages.
b. He asked me if I spoke any foreign languages.
c. He asked me to speak a foreign language.
13. People say that football is more about money than sport.
a. Football is said that it is more about money than sport.
b. Football is said to be more about money than sport.
c. People are said that football is more about money than sport.
14. She pays someone to clean the windows every month.
a. She cleans the windows by herself every month.
b. She lets someone clean the windows every month.
c. She has the windows cleaned every month.
15. I am sure they worked hard on the project.
a. They should have worked hard on the project.
b. They must have worked hard on the project.
c. They might have worked hard on the project.
READING:
Read an article about deep‐sea exploration, then the headings below. Match the
paragraphs with the headings. There is one extra heading you will not have to use.
Deep‐Sea Exploration: The New Frontier
Paragraph 1
The term “deep‐sea” is used frequently today, but it has lots of different meanings. To
scientists, the deep sea is the lowest part of the ocean, below the layer called the thermocline,
where heating from the sun stops having an effect. This is the part of the ocean that is deeper
than 1,800 meters. Deep‐sea exploration is the investigation of the physical, chemical, and
biological conditions at that depth and is considered a relatively recent human activity
compared to other areas of geophysical research. Oceans cover 70 percent of the Earth's
surface, yet even today their depths remain largely unexplored. Scientists estimate between 90
and 95 percent of the deep sea remains a mystery. The deep sea is truly the planet's final
frontier. The reason for this is that the depths are eternally dark, extremely cold, and under
high pressure. Deep‐sea exploration, therefore, is a multi‐disciplinary field that includes
oceanography, biology, geography, archaeology, and engineering.
Paragraph 2
Until the end of the 19th century, people believed that the deep sea was a lifeless wasteland.
In 1818, the British researcher Sir John Ross found that the deep sea was far from lifeless
when he caught some jellyfish and worms about 2,000 meters deep with a special device.
Despite this, in 1843, Edward Forbes claimed that there was very little life in the deep sea,
and it decreases with depth. He stated that there could be no life in waters deeper than 550
meters. He called his theory “Abyssus”. Following this, in 1850, Michael Sars found a rich
deep‐sea fauna at a depth of 800 meters and refuted Forbes’s idea. It was not until 1872 to
1876, however, that the first systematic deep‐sea exploration was conducted. This was the
Challenger expedition on board the ship “HMS Challenger” led by Charles Wyville Thomson.
His team discovered many new species adapted to life near the sea floor. After this, in 1930,
William Beebe and Otis Barton became the first humans to visit the deep sea. Diving in their
vehicle called “Bathysphere”, they reached a depth of 435 meters and observed some jellyfish
and shrimp.
Paragraph 3
A key milestone in modern deep‐sea exploration happened in 1956, when Jacques‐Yves
Cousteau and his team aboard the “Calypso” released the first full‐color, full‐length
documentary titled “The Silent World”. Their documentary showed people the beauty and life
of the deep sea. After this, in 1960, Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh reached the bottom of the
Challenger Deep, the deepest point in the oceans located in the Mariana Trench. They
descended to a depth of 10,740 meters in their deep‐sea vessel “Trieste”. In 2012 the
“Deepsea Challenger”, piloted by James Cameron, completed the second manned voyage and
first solo mission to the bottom of the Challenger Deep. Later, in 2018 “DSV Limiting
Factor”, piloted by Victor Vescovo completed the first mission to the deepest point of the
Atlantic Ocean, diving 8,375 meters below the ocean surface to the base of the Puerto Rico
Trench.
Paragraph 4
Vescovo’s state‐of‐the‐art submarine cost 48 million dollars to build and is made of titanium.
It had been designed to withstand the most extreme underwater conditions. He has
successfully taken it on three record‐breaking dives to the deepest corners of the ocean
already. Two people can fit in it. Its support vessel can hold 47 passengers and crew and
weighs 2,000 tons. It contains laboratory equipment with freezers for preserving samples. The
submarine itself, which weighs 11.2 tons, can travel down to more than 10,000 meters in less
than 2.5 hours. It is much lighter than past deep diving models, and 10 electric propellers
allow it to move in any direction. It was built using advanced techniques, and the company
that made it tested the vessel in Russia with conditions equivalent to 20% greater than the
ocean's deepest point.
Paragraph 5
Vescovo’s work is significant because the deepest 45% of the ocean has been largely ignored
so far. Much of today's sea floor mapping is based on unreliable information. A lot of data is
only inferred from satellite pictures too. As a result, the deeper we go, the greater our error
might be. Vescovo also stated that he had been to places in the Indian Ocean where the depth
was over 1,000 meters shallower than it was supposed to be. In other words, it is clear that we
do not even know where the bottom of the ocean really is. It is possible that the Challenger
Deep is not really the deepest place in the ocean after all. Vescovo and his colleagues think
that it is possible that they might discover a deeper place still. Whether he does or not, all
these recent advances in deep‐sea exploration contribute to new discoveries in the fields of
geology, biology, chemistry, engineering, and technology.
1. Paragraph 1
a. A Truly Unique Underwater Vehicle
b. The First Breakthroughs as of the Second Half of the 20th century
c. Early Expeditions and Ideas about Life in the Depth
d. The Importance of Recent Expeditions
e. The Scientific Definition of Deep‐Sea Exploration
f. The Discovery of a Rare New Species
2. Paragraph 2
a. A Truly Unique Underwater Vehicle
b. The First Breakthroughs as of the Second Half of the 20th century
c. Early Expeditions and Ideas about Life in the Depth
d. The Importance of Recent Expeditions
e. The Scientific Definition of Deep‐Sea Exploration
f. The Discovery of a Rare New Species
3. Paragraph 3
a. A Truly Unique Underwater Vehicle
b. The First Breakthroughs as of the Second Half of the 20th century
c. Early Expeditions and Ideas about Life in the Depth
d. The Importance of Recent Expeditions
e. The Scientific Definition of Deep‐Sea Exploration
f. The Discovery of a Rare New Species
4. Paragraph 4
a. A Truly Unique Underwater Vehicle
b. The First Breakthroughs as of the Second Half of the 20th century
c. Early Expeditions and Ideas about Life in the Depth
d. The Importance of Recent Expeditions
e. The Scientific Definition of Deep‐Sea Exploration
f. The Discovery of a Rare New Species
5.Paragraph 5
a. A Truly Unique Underwater Vehicle
b. The First Breakthroughs as of the Second Half of the 20th century
c. Early Expeditions and Ideas about Life in the Depth
d. The Importance of Recent Expeditions
e. The Scientific Definition of Deep‐Sea Exploration
f. The Discovery of a Rare New Species
Read the text again and answer the following questions.
6.
The scientific term “thermocline” refers to …
a. areas in the ocean heated by the sun.
b. all the unexplored parts of the deep sea.
c. a particular depth of the ocean.
7.
The Abyssus theory …
a. ignored some earlier findings about the deep sea.
b. was put forward by John Ross.
c. has not been disproven ever since.
8.
The submarine that first reached the deepest known point in the ocean was the …
a. Trieste.
b. Calypso.
c. DSV Limiting Factor.
9.
Vescovo’s submarine …
a. can hold almost 50 people.
b. is heavier than earlier models but travels faster.
c. was tried out in tougher circumstances than at the bottom of the sea.
10.
Vescovo believes he may be able to …
a. prove that the Challenger Deep is shallower than we think.
b. find a deeper point than the Challenger Deep.
c. make contributions to engineering with his last expedition.