GRY 320: Cultural Geography Test 2 Study Guide
Test 2 covers material from chapters 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, and 13. There are 75 questions in
total.
Chapter 6
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Have a general sense of the spatial distribution of the world’s largest religions
Understand the different categories of religions: universalizing, ethnic, folk,
animism, etc.
What do we mean by monotheism, polytheism, syncretic, atheism, agnosticism
Understand the origins of the four largest religions
Historical diffusion of religions
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Be able to interpret the maps showing the distribution of various religions
Sacred spaces
Challenges for religion
Chapter 7
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Be able to differentiate between race and ethnicity
o Social construction
What are ethnic enclaves, ethnoburbs
Race and ethnicity and Brazil and USA
Segregation by race in USA and South Africa
Migration of African Americans
Be able to distinguish between ethnicities and nationalities
Nationalism, centripetal force, ethnic cleansing, xenophobia ethnophobia
Be able to interpret the maps
Chapter 8
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What are states? What do we mean by sovereignty? What are microstates?
What is the United Nations?
Evolution of states
Nation-states
o What is a nation, nation-state, multinational state?
o Self-determination
Challenges in defining states
Colonies, colonialism
Claims to polar regions
Governing states
o Unitary versus federal
o Democracy, autocracy, anocracy
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Electoral geography, gerrymandering, cracking and packing
What is terrorism?
European Union, Brexit
Chapter 10
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What is the HDI? Understand the distribution trends of HDI
Decent standard of living
o What is GNI, PPP, GDP?
o Understand the economic structure
o Productivity, value added
o Consumer goods
Understand the two paths to development
Unequal and Uneven development
o Trends in developed versus developing countries
World trade
o What is the WTO?
Financing development
o FDI, microfinance
What is fair trade?
Gender inequality
o Understand the maps
Chapter 11
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Industry: Past and Present
o Europe, USA, East Asia
Understand the various Site factors in Industry
o Labor, labor-intensive, capital, land
Proximity to inputs
o Situational factors
o Bulk reducing versus bulk gaining
o Why do some types of businesses need to be close?
Proximity to markets
o Single-market
o Perishable-products
o Motor vehicles
Ship by boat, rail truck or air
o Break-of-bulk point
o Just-in-time delivery
Emerging industrial regions
o Outsourcing, vertical integration, new international division of labor
o Mexico, NAFTA, BRICS countries
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Fordist versus post-Fordist production
Chapter 12
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Types of services
o Consumer, business, public
o Changes in job sectors
o What is a settlement?
Central Place Theory
o Market area/hinterland, range, threshold
o Geometry of market areas
Hierarchy of consumer services
o Rank-size rule
o Primate city rule
Market area analysis
o Gravity model
o Profitability of location
o What is a food desert?
Distribution of Talent
Economic specialization
o Basic versus nonbasic business
Sharing services, global cities, business-process outsourcing, back offices
Chapter 13
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Defining urban settlements
o What is a central city? What is a metropolitan area?
What is the Central Business District?
o What is distinctive about it? Why is it important? What is there (USA versus
Europe)?
Know the models of urban structure
o Concentric zone theory, multiple nuclei
Cities in Developing Counties
o Colonial cities, Spanish cities in Latin America, Laws of the Indies
Structure of Europe’s Cities
What are suburbs and suburban growth?
o Annexation, fragmentation, sprawl, smart growth
Sustainable cities
o City Challenged
o Gentrification
Informal settlements, squatter settlements