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OL 6 Space Physics P2 WS

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O Level/IGCSE Physics
Q1
Q1.
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
Space Physics
Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct words from the box. Each
word may be used once or not at all.
dwarf
giant
neutron
proton
supernova
If a red ..............................................star is large enough, it may eventually blow
up in an explosion called a ....................................................., leaving behind a very
dense .............................................. star.
(Total 3 marks)
O Level/IGCSE Physics
Q2
Q2.
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
Space Physics
This passage is from a science magazine.
A star forms when enough dust and gas are pulled together.
Masses smaller than a star may also be formed when dust
and gas are pulled together.
(a)
What is the force which pulls the dust and gas together?
.............................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Complete the sentences.
(i)
The smaller masses may be attracted by the star and become
......................................................................................................................... .
(1)
(ii)
Our nearest star, the Sun, is stable because the gravitational forces
and the radiation pressure are ......................................................................... .
(1)
(iii)
The Sun is one of billions of stars in the galaxy called the
......................................................................................................................... .
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
O Level/IGCSE Physics
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
Space Physics
Q3.Starting with the smallest, list the following in order of increasing size.
Q3
Universe
Earth
Milky Way
Sun
Smallest .............................................................
.............................................................
.............................................................
Largest ...............................................................
(2)
(b)
Stars pass through different stages during their life cycle.
The diagram shows the forces acting on the Sun during the stable stage of its life
cycle.
Complete the following sentence by drawing a ring around the correct line in the
box.
During the stable stage of the Sun’s life cycle, the forces pulling inwards
smaller than
are equal to
the forces pushing outwards.
bigger than
(1)
(c)
During its life cycle, the Sun will never go through a supernova stage but the star
O Level/IGCSE Physics
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
Space Physics
Mira will.
(i)
What is a supernova?
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Explain why the Sun will not go through the supernova stage but the star Mira
will.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
O Level/IGCSE Physics
(a)
Q4.
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
Space Physics
Choose the best words from the box to complete the following sentences.
billions
fission
gravity
(i)
liquids
friction
fusion
millions
gases
thousands
Stars form when enough dust and ....................................................................
from
space are pulled together by ........................................................................... .
(2)
(ii)
Stars are able to give out energy for millions of years by the process of
...................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii)
The Sun is one of many ........................................................ of stars in our
galaxy.
(1)
(b)
What is the name of our galaxy?
.............................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
O Level/IGCSE Physics
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
Space Physics
Q5.The diagram shows part of the lifecycle of a very large star.
Use words or phrases from the box to complete the sentences contained in the diagram.
black hole
red supergiant
supernova
white dwarf
(Total 3 marks)
O Level/IGCSE Physics
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
Space Physics
Q7.The figure below shows what scientists over 1000 years ago thought the solar system was
Q6
like.
(a)
Give one way that the historical model of the solar system shown in the figure
above is different from what we now know about the solar system.
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Give one way that the solar system shown in the figure above is the same as what
we now know about the solar system.
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
The first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth was launched into space in 1957.
Describe the orbit of an artificial satellite.
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
(1)
O Level/IGCSE Physics
(d)
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
Space Physics
What provides the force needed to keep a satellite in its orbit?
Tick one box.
friction
gravity
tension
(1)
(e)
All stars go through a lifecycle.
The star Mira will go through a supernova stage in its lifecycle but the Sun will not.
How is the star Mira different to the Sun?
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
O Level/IGCSE Physics
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
Space Physics
Q7
Q8.The diagram shows part of the lifecycle of a very large star.
Use words or phrases from the box to complete the sentences contained in the diagram.
black hole
red supergiant
supernova
white dwarf
(3)
The star is stable.
The star expands forming
a ................................... .
The star collapses, the outer layers explode
as a ................................... .
The centre collapses further and further until
it finally forms a ................................... .
(Total 3 marks)
O Level/IGCSE Physics
Q9.(a)
Q8
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
Space Physics
Figure 1 shows the life cycle of a very large star.
Use the correct answers from the box to complete the sentences in Figure 1.
main sequence star
neutron star
supernova
white dwarf
Figure 1
Gas and dust join together to become a protostar.
The star is stable as a ........................................ .
The star expands to become a red super giant.
The outer layers of the star explode as a ........................ .
The core of the star shrinks and a black hole is formed.
(2)
(b)
Figure 2 shows the forces acting on a star when the star is stable.
Figure 2
O Level/IGCSE Physics
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
Space Physics
Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.
bigger
than
When a star is stable, the forces pushing outwards are
smaller
than
the forces
pulling
inwards.
balanced
by
(1)
(Total 3 marks)
O Level/IGCSE Physics
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
Space Physics
Q9
Q10.Astronomers claim that there are about 300 billion stars in the Milky Way.
(a)
Describe how stars are formed.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(3)
(b)
Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.
decay
fission
fusion
Energy is released in stars by the process of nuclear .................................. .
(1)
(c)
State why a star is stable during the ‘main sequence’ period of its life cycle.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(d)
The life cycle of a star after the ‘main sequence’ period depends on the size of the
star.
A particular star is the same size as the Sun.
What are the stages, after the main sequence, in the life cycle of this star?
State them in order by writing in the boxes.
O Level/IGCSE Physics
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
Space Physics
(3)
(Total 8 marks)
O Level/IGCSE Physics
Q10
Q2.
(a)
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
Space Physics
The light spectrum from a distant galaxy shows a red shift.
What is meant by red shift and what does it tell us about distant galaxies?
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
What name is given to the theory that the Universe started with a massive
explosion?
.............................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 3 marks)
O Level/IGCSE Physics
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
Space Physics
2 (a) The photograph shows a nebula and many stars.
Q11
(ii) Describe how the mass of a main sequence star will affect what the star finally
becomes.
(3)
. . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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O Level/IGCSE Physics
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
Space Physics
(4)
Q12
2 (a) These sentences are about astronomy.
Complete the sentences by writing words in the blank spaces.
The Earth is an astronomical object.
One astronomical object smaller than the Earth is .............................................................. .
Two astronomical objects larger than the Earth are ............................................................. and ...................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Milky Way is the name given to our. . . . .......................................................... .
(b) The diagram shows the path followed by a comet as it moves around the Sun.
A, B, C, D and E are points on the comet’s orbit.
comet
A
E
Sun
D
B
C
(i) State the name of the force that causes the comet to orbit the Sun.
(1)
. . . . . . . .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) At which of the points shown is the force on the comet greatest?
(1)
. . . . . . . .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) Draw an arrow at point D to show the direction of the force acting on the comet.
(1)
(iv) At which of the points shown does the comet have the greatest kinetic energy?
(1)
. . . . . . . .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
O Level/IGCSE Physics
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
Space Physics
Q13
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O Level/IGCSE Physics
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
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O Level/IGCSE Physics
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
Space Physics
Q14
4 The table shows some data about planets in our Solar System.
Planet
Mercury
Diameter
in km
Distance from
Sun in 106 km
Time of orbit
in Earth days
or Earth years
Mass of planet
in 1024 kg
4 880
58
88 d
0.33
Venus
12 100
108
224 d
4.9
Earth
12 800
150
365 d
6.0
Mars
6 790
228
687 d
0.64
Jupiter
143 000
778
11.9 y
1 900
Saturn
121 000
1 427
29.5 y
570
Uranus
51 000
2 870
84 y
87
Neptune
50 000
4 497
165 y
100
Use data from the table to answer these questions.
(a) Which planet has about the same diameter as the Earth?
(1)
. . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Jupiter has the largest gravitational field strength.
Suggest a reason for this.
(1)
. . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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O Level/IGCSE Physics
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
Space Physics
(c) (i) State the equation linking density, mass and volume.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the density of Neptune in kg/km3.
You may assume that Neptune is a sphere and that its volume is given by
volume =
4π r 3
3
(3)
density = .............................................................................................. kg/km3
(d) Calculate the orbital speed of Earth in km/s.
(3)
orbital speed = ............................................... km/s
O Level/IGCSE Physics
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
Space Physics
(e) A student says
¶7KH VPDOOHU WKH SODQHW WKH VKRUWHU LWV SHULRG RI RUELW·
Use data from the table to evaluate this statement.
(3)
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O Level/IGCSE Physics
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
Space Physics
/-0
Q15
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O Level/IGCSE Physics
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
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Space Physics
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O Level/IGCSE Physics
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
Space Physics
Q16
3 The diagram shows four planets, P, Q, R and S, orbiting a star.
Not to
scale
R
S
Q
P
(a) This combination of planets and a star is most like
(1)
A a galaxy
B the Milky Way
C the Solar System
D the universe
(b) Planet Q has a moon.
On the diagram, draw the orbit of this moon.
(1)
(c) On the diagram, draw the orbit of a comet.
(2)
O Level/IGCSE Physics
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
Space Physics
(d) Planets nearer to the star take less time to orbit the star.
(1)
(i) Suggest why.
. . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Planet P makes one complete orbit.
During this time
(1)
A planet R makes more orbits than S
B planet R makes fewer orbits than Q
C planet S makes more orbits than P
D planet Q makes fewer orbits than P
(e) As the planets orbit the star, the distances between the planets change.
Planet P is 200 million km from the star and planet R is 50 million km from the
star.
(i) Calculate the maximum distance between planet P and planet R.
(1)
maximum distance = ............................................. million km
(ii) Calculate the minimum distance between planet P and planet R.
(1)
minimum distance = ............................................. million km
O Level/IGCSE Physics
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
Space Physics
Q174 The planet Mercury orbits the Sun.
Mercury
Sun
(a) Mercury takes 88 days to orbit the Sun.
The average radius of the orbit is 58 million km.
Calculate the average orbital speed of Mercury.
Give the unit.
(3)
Average orbital speed
...............................................
Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
O Level/IGCSE Physics
Worksheet by Naveed Akram
Space Physics
(b) Comets also orbit the Sun.
(i) Name the force that causes comets and planets to orbit the Sun.
(1)
. . . . . . ............................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Add to the diagram opposite to show the orbit of a typical comet.
(1)
(iii) The speed of a comet changes during its orbit.
On the orbit you have drawn, label with the letter X the position where the
comet travels at its fastest speed.
(1)
(iv) Explain why the comet travels fastest at point X.
(2)
. . . . . . ............................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . ............................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . ............................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . ............................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . ............................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . ............................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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