Analysis &
Interpretation of
Data
DR NARESH
SUKHANI
Six blind men & an elephant
WHAT THEY SAID ??????
1. Side of the Elephant is
like a wall.
2. The Tusk is like a spear.
3. The Trunk is like a snake.
4. One feels the knee is like
a tree.
5. One touches the ear, and
thinks the elephant is
like a fan.
6. The tail it is like a rope.
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DR NARESH SUKHANI
2
ANALYSIS
Analysis is study of tabulated material in
order to understand inherent meanings that
will be of use to finalise further course of
action in the area of research.
It requires the researcher to have an open
and flexible mind. All the trends, similarities,
differences, relations or outstanding factors
SHOULD BE noticed.
A plan of the analysis should be ready
before commencing the research work. This
will be put to further adjustments and finetuning as the work progresses upto the
point of actual analysis.
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DR NARESH SUKHANI
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INTERPRETATION
Interpretation is the effort to establish
continuity in social research through
linking the results of one study with that
of another.
It leads to the establishment of
explanatory concepts.
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DR NARESH SUKHANI
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• Count the total number of f’s in the paragraph
• Count only once
• Time limit is 60 seconds
The necessity of training farm hands for first class
farms in the fatherly handling of first class farm
livestock is foremost in the minds of farm-owners.
Since the forefathers of the farm-owners trained
the farm hands for first class farms in the fatherly
handling of farm livestock, the farm-owners feel
they should carry on with the family tradition of
fundamental training of farm hands of first class
farms in the fatherly handling of farm livestock
because they believe it is the basis of good
fundamental farm management.
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DR NARESH SUKHANI
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DR NARESH SUKHANI
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ANALYSIS &
INTERPRETATION
Analysis and interpretation are
interwoven and incomplete without each
other.
Interpretation can be considered as a
special aspect of analysis involving the
establishment of relationship between
variables, and the reasons for the
existence of such relationships.
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Types of analysis
Analysis of data involves estimating the
values of unknown parameters and testing of
hypothesis for drawing inferences. It may be
categorised as:
Descriptive analysis
Inferential analysis
Correlation analysis
Causal analysis
Multivariate analysis
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Descriptive Analysis
It is the study of distributions of one or
more variable.
It may provide profiles of agroup of people (work group, business
group, consumer group),
on a multitude of characteristics (size,
efficiency, income levels, qualifications,
preferences).
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Inferential Analysis
It is concerned with the various tests of
significance, for testing hypothesis, in
order to determine what is the validity of
the conclusion derived from the data.
It is on this basis that the task of
interpretation is performed
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Correlation Analysis
It studies the joint variation of two or
more variables for determining the
amount of correlation between two or
more variables.
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Multivariate Analysis
Easy access to computers has made more
easy to use and popular. It involves use of
statistical methods to analyse more than two
variables on a set of different observations. It
includes
Regression analysis - One
dependent variable which is presumed to be
the function of two or more variables
Multi-Anova analysis - The ratio of
“among group variance” and “within group
variance” is worked out.
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Essentials for
Interpretation
Data should be accurate and reliable
Data should be homogeneous
Data should be adequate (sufficient)
Data should be properly classified and
tabulated
Data should be conducive or suitable for
statistical treatment
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Precautions for
Interpretation
The problem should be seen in the proper
perspective
The relevance of each element must be
understood
Possibility of misinterpretation due to
unstudied factors should be avoided
Prey to false generalisations should not be
there
Some factors considered should not be
irrelevant
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