most
10
rape
d
pics
1
Topic
!
structure
Chromosome
1
.
→
2.
Sub
-
-
3
.
meta centric
slightly
away
→
Very long
Telocentric
→
middle
at
centromere
Aero centric
-
4.
chromosome
Meta centric
from middle
close
s
to
very
Terminal
end
short
.
centromere
•
Topic
2
:
population
interaction
Topic
4
:
important morphology
examples
symmetry
Asymmetric
tf
Canna
Bilateral
Radial
(
cRadiaD-@
acting
→
H
Mustard
chilli
Datura
④
Pea
Bean
Cassia
gulmohar
.
zygomorphic
→
¥
"
calotropis
Cassia ,
gkelmohar
→
Pea
family
-
Pea
-
→
Tomato
lemon
a
p
a
Mustard
Argemone
Primrose
Dianthus
sunflower
Marigold
-
←
May
float
of
[
Plum
,
mostly
→
→
→
peach
noose
mustard
Brinjal
China
rose
d
w
-
sunflower
,
Topic
Immunity (
5 :
Barriers
•
n
/
Physiological
Physical
•
•
skin
till
•
mucus
6
•
-
cytokine
•
interferons
Monocyte
Tears
'
.
Acquired
amnestic
•
PMNL
-
Saliva
-
-
Topic
cellular
in
stomach
membrane
innate)
response
.
Humoral immunity response
CMI
→
Transplant
rejection
.
•
immunity
Active
6 Antibodies
by
a
Natural
produced
itself
body
→
Artificial
)
C vaccine
•
immunity
Passive
antibodies
Produced
→
injected
✓
Natural
→
Artificial
Anti venom
-
LIGA)
colostrum
Topic 7
1-
2.
GMO
→
Golden
•
Rice
→
Vita
'
enriched
Bt toxin
→
Bacillus
C.
thuringehesis
insecticidal)
kill
a
lepidopterans
S
inactive
coelopterans
,
dipterans
protein
t enter
Due
insect
to
alkaline
Active
toxin
pH
Coded
cry
cry
•
RNA
•
by
7-
cry
Ac
to
gene
eyiIAb
s
bollwormss
cotton
IAC
'
corn
→
borer
,
interference
Nematode
meloid
egyne
incongita
It
infects tobacco
plant
Silencing
of
RNAi
by
dsRNA
formation
,
•
Agrobacterium
( Ti
Tumetecians
plasmid
It
Dicots
plants
8
Topic
:
PCR
steps
3
a.
b.
Denaturation
Renata ration
C
c.
Annealing)
Extension
Thernnostabe
DNA
polymerase
It
Tag polymerase
.
Topic
•
9
Monera
Kingdom
:
Structure
complex
simple
is
but
,
behaviour
in
.
Shapes
S
vibrio
L
cocci
.
✓
bacilli
•
✓
spirillum
Archaetacteriq
↳ Different
cell wall
structure
>
Methanogens
<
Thermoacido
philos
u
Halophytes
ruminant
cattle
cyanobacteria
Hetero
Mycoplasma
I
Smallest
→
A)
Ana baena
•
•
6-
Nostoc
•
-
CB
cyst
→
without
1
without cell
insensitive
to
oxygen
wall
penicillin
,
Topic
10
:
Taxonomical AIDS KEYS
→
It
← 1
Herbarium
Botanical
garden
•
-
-
Flora
Manual
Monograph
.
zoo
museum