Appendix 1 Name FETRISAH @ PATRICIA A/P PETER SIGUMANI Matric. No. M20221000988 Course BIR 60204 Qualitative Research Methods and Approaches Lecturer Dr Noraini Zulkepli TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2 2.0 RESEARCH PROBLEM 2 3.0 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 3 4.0 INTERVIEW PROTOCOL 3 5.0 RESEARCH PARTICIPANT 5 6.0 DATA ANALYSIS 5 7.0 FINDINGS 6 8.0 REFLECTION 9 9.0 REFERENCES 11 1 TITLE THE USE OF YOUTUBE VIDEOS TO LEARN ENGLISH VOCABULARY OUTSIDE THE CLASSROOM: A CASE STUDY OF 3 ESL FORM FOUR STUDENTS IN A SECONDARY SCHOOL IN MALAYSIA 1.0 Introduction No one can be a native to information and technology these days and the learning process is no more specified in classroom learning only. Learning can happen everywhere. In the study, the researchers cited Hurd and Lewis (2008) who argued that vocabulary learning is a “cumulative process that depends on identifying the word form, meaning, and its usage in different circumstances.” The definition of vocabulary learning is important in this study because it helps the study to be more focused and accurate in its aim to understand students’ perception of the link between using Youtube and learning vocabulary outside the classroom. Youtube is a platform that has an abundance of videos for learning and teaching English. This is confirmed by Jhia (2019) who reported that YouTube has become the most widely used instructional resource for different teaching and learning goals. This study aimed to explore the experiences of students learning outside the classroom with the use of YouTube platforms. Methodology – A qualitative case study of 3ESL from four students in a secondary school in Malaysia. To achieve the objective, the experiences were uncovered through in-depth interviews and a series of journal entries. Findings –The findings show that the content of YouTube could be used outside the classroom by the students to learn English vocabulary. 2.0 Research Problem Classroom learning is very often exam oriented and the teachers are always in a rush to complete the syllabus in the stipulated time. Students are given limited opportunities to use YouTube in the classroom due to the limited time. Therefore the purpose of the research is to understand the experiences of secondary students when they use YouTube videos and how those experiences contribute to them learning English vocabulary outside the classroom. The research also aims to discover the associated beliefs students have with regard to those experiences. The focus is on how YouTube videos can be used to learn English outside the classroom. 2 3.0 Research Questions (i) How do secondary students use YouTube to learn English vocabulary outside the classroom? (ii) What do the secondary students’ learn from the use of YouTube to learn English vocabulary outside the classroom? 4.0 Interview Protocol Parts Samples of Interview Questions Part A- The purpose of asking these questions is to help participants feel comfortable Warm-ups Hi, How is your day so far? How are you feeling today? Have you eaten? lunch? I have a few questions ready for you. Hope you can answer them as best as you can. Part B- Can I ask, do you use English at home? Background / Demographic information During conversation? Or or just reading? 3 Part CEngagement with YouTube Can you share with me some of the platform that you use? For example, Facebook, Twitter or YouTube? Can you share with me what are the things that you like to watch mostly on YouTube? Was it fashion or gaming or tutorials, stuff like that? Are there any specific channels when you watch those kinds of videos? How often do you use YouTube? Can you tell me more about…? Why do you choose that channel from..., is there any features about him that you like? His explanations or his videos? Does it help you in learning English language better? Or help you to learn listening? Can we go to the second picture that you shared?. Can you talk about her? What do you like about her? Can you share some of the lines that interest you? Do you learn anything from her lyrics? Is it safe for me to say that her lyrics are relatable to your life? Now, for my last question, would you recommend those channels that you’ve shared with me earlier with your friends Part DClosing Is there anything else that you want to tell me about your experience in using YouTube? Does it help you in learning English any better? Part A functions as an opening and a warm-up to start off with the interview. The list of questions are asked to help students feel comfortable with the researcher and it also functions as small talk. The questions in Part B are asked to get some background or demographic information. The questions asked where are the participants from, and what their social background. Next, Part C questions are into the topic of the interview. The questions on the engagement of students in YouTube learning vocabulary outside the classroom are asked as it is the topic of the study. The study of the interview is about the use of YouTube by the participants to learn English outside the classroom. Part D is the closing as the stage of the interview indicates it coming to an end. 4 5.0 Research Participant Three form four students out of 30 students in a classroom will be selected based on a selection criteria . Participants ID Gender Age How often participants watch YouTube YouTube channel Channel type P1 Female 17 2-3 hours per day Azzel83, Melanie Martinez Gaming, music video P2 Female 16 Almost everyday BBC Studios, The Voice, MasterChef Australia British Broadcast production, reality singing competition, Australian cooking show P3 Male 17 During free time Sloggo, Billie Eilish Gaming, music video Demographics of participants (secondary school students of Malaysia) 6. Data Analysis Thematic analysis is a method for analyzing qualitative data that entails searching across a data set to identify, analyze, and report repeated patterns (Braun and Clarke 2006). It is a method for describing data, but it also involves interpretation in the processes of selecting codes and constructing themes. In the present study, data were analysed in 2 stages • • Stage 1 : Coding Stage 2 : Software ATLAS t.i 5 7.0 Gains from Engagement In this section, I will detail findings on what learners claimed they had gained from their engagement with the use of YouTube videos to learn English vocabulary outside the classroom. Theme 1: Linguistic Gain This refers to language skills that learners claimed to learn when they engaged in YouTube videos. The participants were able to improve their language skills such as spelling and acquiring new words. In Excerpt 1, participant B mentioned that through watching a certain video i.e. Master Chef Australia on YouTube, she was able to pick up new vocabularies that was unknown to him before this. These vocabularies helped her in his speaking and writing skills where she was able to apply the word in a suitable context. Excerpt 1 PB: sometimes, there are some words that I haven’t heard before and when I watches that programme, then only I just realised that that was a new words that I I know and I heard and then I can use it in my communicate or my writing. Yes, I think, they give a lot of benefits to me for me to improve my English skill in home rather at school. 6 The following two excerpts show how two participants improved their English through reading the subtitles of the YouTube videos. In Excerpt 2, participant B reported that the subtitles improved her English, especially her speaking skills. Instead of watching the picture, she focused on the subtitles to gain understanding about the video. Excerpt 2 PB: The subtitle must be in English, so, um, actually, when I watch some videos on YouTube, I didn’t really watch the pictures, but I watch the subtitle. I want to understand what they are talking about and if I just watch the picture, I don’t understand anything. The subtitles really help me to improve my English skills and to improve my way to speaking to other person like right now I’m speaking to you. Theme 2: Knowledge: general, current affairs, and technical Other than detailing their linguistic gains, the students also talked about gaining general knowledge, knowledge of current affairs, and technical knowledge from the use of YouTube which indirectly enable them to learn English vocabulary outside the classroom. PC: Not only that, he also includes subtitle to help people understand his videos. So, when I read subtitle, it helps to improve my spelling better. In Excerpt 1, participant A mentioned that through listening to a certain singer i.e. Melanie Martinez on YouTube, she understood the tutorials and learn how to make YouTube content in English. These vocabularies helped the engage actively in the game a in suitable context. Excerpt 1 PA :I will listen to Melanie Martinez, like the picture I have sent to you before also for, an example for the tutorials video that I usually watch is from Azzell83. So basically, the channel is about tutorials on how to make a home in the game that I am currently playing. 7 In excerpt 2, the participant mentioned about “dark concept”. The participant improved her language acquisition ta o higher standard. This is gaining knowledge of current affair. This shows how the participant is well versed obout the knowlegge which is not exposed in the classroom. Excerpt 2 PA: It is very unique, but also can be dark. And by dark, I mean like, the meaning of the videos or the meaning of the lyrics can be quite dark. In excerpt 3, Participant B through watching YouTube learned to be technical because she learned how to cook by watching “MasterChef Australia” program during her leisure time. Excerpt 3 PB: I like something like, cooking channel because I love cooking at home. So, when I think I am getting bored here, I can search any new recipes so I can learn from YouTubes and I can serve it to my family or my friends at school or near my house Theme 3: Enjoyment On several occasions, instead of talking about gaining linguistic knowledge or other types of knowledge, learners spoke about gaining enjoyment from watching Youtube outside classroom. Participant A, claimed that she feel happy and due to that she becomes productive in excerpt 1. PA:I feel quite happy and sometimes I will also feel productive as well. It all depends on what I am watching in YouTube. In excerpt 2 and 3, Participant B and C, also talked other than learning English outside classroom through watching they also enjoyed themselves. 8 Participants enjoy watching the programme because it interests the participant to see the contestant are very confident and at the same time she learns how the judges comment on the singers’ performance. Excerpt 2 PB:Okay, in my opinion, the programme actually teach me a lots of benefits, such as, uhm, we can be more confidence when we are in front of a lot of people. And such as um they singing without any of anxious feeling, and then the like the judge’s comments to the singers they are confident, and their English was very good. Yeah, because, they was born there and then that’s why I like the movie a lot. Sorry, the programmes Excerpt 2 I feel happy, fun, because it teach me to learn about new strategy to play a game. 8.0 Reflection In this section, I would like to discuss some of the researcher’s interviewing skills. Firstly the researcher was feeding the participant with information expected through the asked questions. This a pitfall where the participants answers to what is related to the question asked. Okay, can you share with me what are the things that you like to watch mostly on YouTube? Was it fashion or gaming or tutorials, stuff like that? Next, we can observe that the researcher was not listening to the response of participant A. The researcher did not refer to the response and instead carried on with the prepared interview question. Participant A is very informative and very enthusiastic in the topic discussed. The participant elaborated with detailed information,” For example, for music, I will listen to Melanie Martinez, like the picture I have sent to you before also for, an example for the tutorials video that I usually watch is from Azzell83”. The participant shared her liking by saying the current activity she engaged with, ”So basically, the channel is about tutorials on how to make a home in the game that I am currently playing”. The researcher just responded Oh, that’s great! How often do you use YouTube?. The researcher was not paying attention and carried on to complete the interview session only. 9 RESEARCHER/ CONTENT STUDENT Participant A There is. Some specific channels that I use whenever I will watch videos. For example, for music, I will listen to Melanie Martinez, like the picture I have sent to you before also for, an example for the tutorials video that I usually watch is from Azzell83. So basically, the channel is about tutorials on how to make a home in the game that I am currently playing. RESEARCHER Oh, that’s great! How often do you use YouTube? The researcher was deciding on Participant A’s response and the language function was demanding ”Does it help you in learning English language better, say for example, it helps you to read the subtitle or the labels better? Or help you to learn listening? Focus on listening more? On the instruction, on how to build the houses, how to décor the house.” Finally, the researcher lacked probing skill with Participant C. Most of Participant C’s responses are very brief yet the researcher did not probe further for more details. RESEARCHER Okay great. Do you use English at home? STUDENT Of course, always, with my family. RESEARCHER Now, can I ask do you watch English programmes at home? STUDENT Yes, such as movie, sports, cooking, yeah. RESEARCHER What are the platforms that you use? STUDENT I use Twitter, Facebook, TikTok, Instagram, yeah. 10 RESEARCHER How about YouTube? Do you use YouTube at home? STUDENT Yes, I do. Like watching gaming, music, fashion, movie. Yeah, that’s all. RESEARCHER Great, how do you feel when you use YouTube? STUDENT I feel happy, fun, because it teach me to learn about new strategy to play a game. RESEARCHER What do you like to watch the most on YouTube? Can it be fashion or tutorials? STUDENT I watch movie, gaming, fashion, music, vlog travel, cooking, yes. RESEARCHER Is there any channel that you watch on YouTube? STUDENT Yes. It’s about gaming. Its name is Sloggo. It’s got nine million subscribers. RESEARCHER Oh great. So, how often do you use YouTube? 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