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Table 01 Conle메IS
lntr、 oduction
... ....... .. ........ .. . . .. .. . ... 6
lssue 1
Are You Busy? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
lssue 2
Are You Happy? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
lssue 3
Wh en You Have a Cold . .......... .. . .... 22
lssue 4
Wh at Are You Worried About? . . . . . .. ... ... 28
lssue 5
Cell Phone Taboos .. ......... . ... ...... 36
lssue 6
How Often Do You Exercise? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
lssue 7
Household Chores .. ... . . ...... . .... ... 48
lssue 8
Do You Get Along Well with Your Parents? . . . . 54
lssue 9
Fast Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
lssue 10
Wh at’ s On Your Mind Now? .... . ........ .. 66
Issue 11
Ever、yday
lies ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Issue 12
Distractions at the Wheel ............... 80
Issue 13
Do You like to Eat Out? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Issue 14
Wh o Is the
Issue 15
Personal Habits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Issue 16
Dieting...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Issue 17
Wh at Did Your Forget? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Issue 18
Do You Want to Be a Mi11 ionaire? .. ... . ... .. 116
Issue 19
Do You like Your Job? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Issue 20
How Would You Respond? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Re미
You? ........... . . . . . . . . 92
Sample Answers
(A) On weekends, there always seems to be some sort of family obligation I have to attend.
$omeone is always having a birthday or anniversary or graduation or a wedding or other kind
of family reunion. If nothing is scheduled and I think I will have some free time, it always
seems like a family emergency occurs, 50 I never have time for my5elf.
(B) Children are not only expensive but time-consuming as well! Every day I have to make
sure they are doing their homework. They paπicipate in sports and other activities that I have
to attend , tOO. But even without these obvioU5 instances, they always need my personal love
and attention on display. It wears me out!
Speak Your Mind
1. Who is the busiest in your family?
2. Do you have enough time to do what you want? Why or why
not?
3. How do you spend your free time?
4. If your boss asked you to work overtime, would you agree?
5. Do you usually come home late or early? Why?
6. Who do you think are busier, kids or adults?
7. Which do you think is more important , making money or
spending time with your family or friends?
8. What is a typical example of how you waste time?
9. Who do you think are busier these days , men or women?
•
obligation : moral or legal duty to do (sth)
• emergency : unexpected situation that must be dealt with immediately
→。 ccur : happen
→ 。 n di5play : presented in a visible , prominent manner
• wear (5&) out : make (sb) feel extremely tired
→。vertime : extra hours that (sb) works beyond the
• typical : having the usual features or qualities of a
minimum requirement
partic ular classification
~
1. Who is the busiest in your family?
(A)
I am . I work nine to five plus overtime. When I return home, my wife expects me to
help her with her chores and to take care of our kids while she cooks suppe r. But by
then I'm tired and just want to relax for a while.
(B)
Being a housewife is always the busiest job in the world . My husband must think
household chores are a form of leisure activity. But, of course, even though he always
says he is ready to help, he never actually does any of these chores, so how could he
know what they're like? If he would help me just one time he would never think that
way again . It’ s not leisure, it's hard work!
2. Do you have enough time to do what you want?
Why or why not?
(A)
It's all just a matter of management, actually. There is more to life than merely work
and obligation . The busier I am , the more disciplined I have to be, but I always budget
enough time for the important things. It's only when I'm not very busy that I find
myself not accomplishing everything I want, because I get lazy.
(B)
Maybe if I had two or three more hours a day, I could actually do some of the things I
want to do. As it is, I'm always spending most of my time doing what other people
want me to do, and in the time left I'm too tired to do anything.
3. How do you spend your free time?
(A)
I go to the movies every chance I ge t. It doesn't have to be a particularly good film to
work its magi c. Before long , I am living someone else's exciting life, not my own
boring one anymore. Two hours later, I feel like a new person , refreshed and ready to
resume my own exístence.
(B)
The best thing I can do with my free time is to spend it on my hobbies. I have several
•
、
•
disciplined : well organized and followin g rules or stand ards
budget : plan
• work : bring about
• resume : start (sth) again after stopping temporarily
12
~
IL~
• |’ m
、--
•
working on : I’ m dealing with
the beauty of (sth) : particular good quality that makes (sth) especially appropriate or useful
collections of stamps and coins I'm working on. The beauty of it all is that the time is
f1 exible. If I only have ten minutes a day to spare , that's fine , but it's also easy to spend
hours at it!
4. If your boss asked you to work overtime , would you agree?
(A)
Of course . What choice would I have? I want to get promoted and I certainly don't
want to get fired!
(B)
It depends on the circumstances . Once in a while it may be necessary to complete a
pr이 ect that is taking longer than expected . But if I had a prior commitment with my
fam ily for some special occasion , I would respectf비 Iy decline and make it up some
other time.
5. Do you usually come home late or early? Why?
(A)
I have to go home early every day. Someone needs to take care of the kids after
school and cook supper for the family.
(B)
Unfortunately, I get home later and later. I can't get out of the office until my boss
leaves, and he seems to want to live there! And then , I feel obligated to spend time
with my fellow workers . It's important to have close friendships at work, and we all
need to unwind from a hard day. But I wish I could just go home at 0 decent hour and
spend more time with my family.
6. Who do you think are busier, kids or adults?
(A)
Kids think they are busy, because they have not experienced the grown-up world yet.
I know that I would love to be a youngster again and deal exc/usively with my childish
problems instead of the really serious ones I have to grapple with every day now.
(B)
Adults must forget what it was like to be my age. They complain about how busy they
are, but it seems like they always have the time to do the things they want to do .
They can go out whenever they want, watch TV , read a book, or meet their friends.
But alll ever do is study. If I' m not studying , I'm sleeping. I have no free time at al l.
flexible : capable of changing; adaptable
• fired : dismissed
prior : coming before in time, order, or importance
• commitment : promise to do (sth)
decline : refuse politely to do or accept (sth)
• make up : compensate
• obligated : forced
• unwind : become free of worry or tension ; relax
• at a decent hour : at an early or reasonable time
• exclusively : only
• grapple with : try hard to deal with
•
•
•
j와
7. Which do you think is more important, making money or
spending time with your family or friends?
(A)
It is certainly more enjoyable to spend time with loved ones , but that isrγt the
question . Most of us don't have any option in life. If we don't work hard, we don ’t
work at all , and if we don't work we don ’ t eat or have a roof over our heads. 50 it's
very important to make money, even though 1would rather be with my family.
(B)
1 used to think that money was everything and that my family would thank me for all
the hard work 1 put in on their behalf. But 1 was wrong . 1 was a stranger to my wife ,
and my kids hardly knew me. Now, when it's too late, 1 realize that 1 was not only
depriving myself of their presence, but 1was depriving them of mine as well. If 1could
do it all over again , my p끼orities would be differen t.
8. What is a typical example of how you waste time?
(A)
Now that 1 think about it, 1 guess that all the time and money 1 spend playing
electronic games is the biggest time-waster in my life. In a typical week, this is way
over half of my free time! 1guess 1should spend more time with other people.
(B)
1like to gossip with my friends . 1'11 spend hours and hours every week on the phone or
at a coffee shop or bar talking to all my friends . Meanwhile, the important goals I've
set myself are just receding further into the future .
roof over (one’ 5) head : place to live
• 。 n their behalf : for their welfare
priority : (sth) important , th at must be done first or needs more attention than anything else
• gossip : talk a bout other people or about things that are not important
• recede : become more distant
•
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14 }
1
’
•
9. Who do you think are busier these days, men or women?
M : As always , men are busier than women are.
F
What! How can you say that?
M : Maybe , at one time , “A woman ’s work is never done" was true. But these days , a
woman can do all of her housework in a few hours and have lots of leisure time to
shop and meet her friends before her husband and children get home. 1 wish 1 had
life that easy!
F
You aren ’t a woman, and it ’s obvious you don ’t know what you are talking abou t.
M:
Ob띠ously
F
The modern woman has to get up early in the morning , .fix breakfast for her
family, get her children ready for school , get herself dressed, go to work, spend a
hard day on the job, come home , help kids with homework, do the housework,
prepare supper, do the dishes , put the kids to bed , finish any work that she has
taken home with her from the office, deal with her husband ’s needs , and then
finally go to sleep. And then , early the next day, she starts the routiηe all over
agam.
1’ m not female. But that doesn ’t mean that 1’ m ignorant.
M : Nevertheless , 1 spend far more time at work than my wife does. Even after hours , 1
have to meet with clients to 껴rther the company ’ s interests.
F
You mean you go to fancy restaurants and expensive bars instead of going home
and helping your wife.
M : It may seem like fun to an outsider, but it is actually very stressfu l. 1 really just
want to be at home.
F
Once a man ’s done with work, he ’s done! But a woman
has to maintain two jobs , one at home and one
outside the house. No wonder she gets old so fas t.
M : Oh, come on! Women outlive men by several
years.I ’ m convinced that the hard work shortens
men ’ s lives , and the women get to save their
energy and live longer.
F
No. But maybe woman are so busy they
aren ’t able to drink or smoke or overeat the
way men do - it’s those activities which kill
them off, not the work!
fix : prepare
• routine : usual way of doing things
further : help (sth) succeed or be achieved
→。 utlive : live longer than (sb) else
• kill off : destroy completely
•
•
~
Sample Answers
(A) I would say that being in love is the happiest feeling in my life, except that every time
been in love I’ ve felt miserable. You want the other person to love you in return, so you
hyper-sensitive about whether that is true or no t. If you are not with your loved one all
time , you feel lonely and anxious. Emotionallι it’ s like being on 0 roller cooster at
amusement park, but the ride never ends.
I’ ve
are
the
the
(B) If I had my diploma I could do anything in life I wanted. It would be easier to find a better
job and make more money. I could attend concerts and sporting events and take wonderful
vacations. I could drive a nice car and live in a big house. And I'd be able to be friends with
rich , attractive, successf비 people. But, unfortunately, studying doesrγt make me happy at al l!
Speak Your Mind
1. How do you usually respond if your friend asks if you are happy?
2. Are you satisfied with your current life? Why or why not?
3. What is your secret for a happy life? Is it applicable to other people?
4. Does money make people happy? Or does the love of money destroy
their happiness?
S. How do your friends make you happy? When do they disappoint
you?
6. Do you think knowledge makes people happy or unhappy?
7. We overlook a lot of trivial and routine things that actually make us
happy. Name some “ unimportant" things that are vital to your
happiness.
8. A certain man is handsome , intelligent, and rich , and everybody
knows and respects him. He has a beautiful wife and terrific
children. The whole family enjoys a high social status. Do you think
he is always happy? Why or why not?
9. We must learn how to be happy and then work at it. What have you
learned about happiness? How do you practice happiness?
miserable : extremely unhappy
• in return : in exchange
• hyper : more than usual
a roller coaster : being in a situation that is impossible to control , because it keeps changing very quickl y.
• secret : method or formula for making or doing (sth)
• applicable : capable of being applied; appropriate
• overlook : fail to notice
• vital : very important , necessary , or essential
• status : (sb) ’s position in a profession or society
• work -at : try hard to develop or improve (sth)
•
→ 。n
17 )
~
‘-
1 . How do you usually respond if your friend asks if you are happy?
(A)
I always pretend to be overjoyed , even if I'm very depressed. Just because I might be
unhappy does not mean that I have to bring my friends down too.
(B)
People wouldn't ask me how I felt unless they really wanted to know, would they? 50
I always give an honest answer. If I'm happy I tell them so , and if I don't feel very
cheerful I let them know that as wel l.
2. Are you satisfied with your current life? Why or why not?
(A)
Things could always be better, but they sure could be worse, too! In general , I' m in
good health and busy, I see my friends often and e 미 oy my life. 50, I must say I'm
pretty happy.
(B)
It has been a very difficult time for me lately. I've had a lot of personal problems. I
hope things get better soon , because I can't take much more of this!
3. What is your secret for a happy life? Is it applicable to other
people?
(A)
To be happy, one must have friends . Just having a lot of money would be pretty
empty unless we had someone to spend it with. Living in a big house would be lonely
if no one ever visited .
(B)
Everyone must discover for himself what he needs to be happy. I' m sure some of the
things that make me ecstatic, like reading a good book, would just bore you to tears. If
you don't know what makes you happy, just keep experimenting until you find it.
• depressed : feeling very unhappy
• bring (sb) down : depress; di spirit; sadden
• empty : meaningless
• ecstatic : feeling extremely happy and excited
18 } • bore (sb) to tears : make (s b) extremely uninterested
、.‘’ • experiment : try or test in order to discover or prove (sth)
、
4. Does money make people happy? Or does the love of money
destroy their happiness?
(A)
I don ’t know, but it seems to me that people who have no money find it very hard to
find happiness, while people who have too much money are too busy to look for
happiness.
(B)
Money can indeed make us happier, at least to the extent that it allows us to take care
of some of our problems. For instance, if we were sick and too poor to get proper
medical treatment, we could not be very happy.
5. Ho~ do your friends make you happy? When do they disappoint
your
(A)
Friends are always around to share our good times and make them better. They are
also around to share our bad times and make them better, too. But sometimes they
are too busy to spend time with me when I really want their company.
(B)
I love it when one of my friends takes me out to a nice restaurant and buys me a great
dinne r. Of course , I' m expected to repay the favor, but I also enjoy doing that very
much . The only time I'm disappointed is when I take one of my friends out and he
never returns the courtesy. After a few times I begin to think I'm just being used .
6. Do you think knowledge makes people happy or unhappy?
(A)
If I'm taking a test and I know most of the answers , I feel happy. But I feel terrible
when I don't know any of the answers.
(B)
Ignorance has always been the root of great misery. Knowing even a little bit about our
situation is better than not knowing anything .
• company : comfortable presence
•
•
•
courtesy : favor; generosity
ignorance : lack of knowled ge or facts
misery : state of being extremely unhappy or unco mfortable
j와
7. We overlook a lot of trivial and routine things that actually make
us happy. Name some 띠 nimportant" things that are vital to your
happiness.
(A)
I never fail to feel better when I take a slow stroll through a wooded place.
(B)
“Li ttle things" like being loved are truly the most importan t.
8. A certain man is handsome, intelligent, and rich , and everybody
knows and respects him . He has a beautiful wife and terrific
children. The whole family enjoys a high social status. Do you
think he is always happy? Why or why not?
(A)
I'm sure that this man , like everyone else, is happy sometimes and unhappy at other
times . Money, intelligence, position , and looks are wonderful things to have, of
course, but in themselves they cannot assure one's happiness. No one needs anything
to be happy except a good attitude.
(B)
I guess I would rather be a rich , good-Iooking, well-respected genius and then take my
chances on being happy. Since happiness is never guaranteed, it would be the same if
I were poor, ugly, disliked, and stupid , but then I think my odds would be a lot longκ
don't you?
•
20 }
stroll : slow w alk for pleasure
•
genius : {sb} w ho is mu ch more intelligent or skillful than other people
• guarantee : promise that {sth} w ill happen or be done
• longer : less likely
• take (one’ s) chances : do {sth} that involves risk
• 。dd s : likelihood or probability that {sth} will happen
9. We must learn how to be happy and then work at it. What have
you learned about happiness? How do you practice happiness?
F
1 feel wonderful today!
M : 1 thought you fe1t wonderful every day. Is today special?
F
We11 , of course, every day is wonderful , and 1 do feel terrific a11 the time. But, yes ,
today is a very special day indeed!
M : Why? It’ s just like any other Wednesday.
F : No , it’ s no t. It is a Wednesday beyond compare!
M : Why? How?
1;
Today is the Wednesday that will notify me that 1 just won the lottery. 1 know 1
won! 1 canfeel it iη my bones!
M : Are you sure you won? Have you checked the newspaper?
F
Not ye t. 1’ m delaying as long as 1 can , because 1 love the happy sense of
anticipation. Wh en the suspense has built up to the point where 1 can ’ t take it any
more , then 1’11 check out the winning numbers.
M : And then what?
F : And then 1’ 11 find out that 1 actua11y won , and my
excitement will know no bounds!
M : Gosh, 1 sure hope you win. You ’ re so high that a fa11 in
your spirits if you lose could be downright painful.
F
Don ’t worry. 1’ m so high because 1 know 1’11 win. It’s
just impossible for me to lose!
feel in (sb ’ 5) bones : be sure that (sth) is true , even though (sb) has no proof and cannot explain why (S 비 IS so sure
anticipation : feeling of excitement because (sth) good or fun is going to happen
• suspense : excitement or worry while waiting to find out what has happened or what will happen
• build up : prepare for a partic비 ar moment or event
• bounds : limits
• downright : thoroughly; absolutely
•
•
、
21 }
、."
Sample Answers
(A) I always tell myself when I get a cold to just stay at home, drink plenty of liquids, and get
lots of sleep untill feel better. But somehow, instead, I try to ignore the cold as much as I can .
1 take medicine and go to work, but I feel terrible all day, I don ’ t get much accomplished , and
I probably just infect other people. Maybe next time I’ 11 take my own advice!
(B) Patients want their physician to relieve their various medical proble f)1 s. And the doctors
want to be helpf비 ， not only because of their professional obligation but also because they
know the patient will find a new doctor if they don't help. But this mutual attitude has led to
some very severe problems, related especially to the overuse of antibiotics. $0 viruses are
adapting themselves to the most widely used drugs and making them ineffective. $0 I never
go to the doctor for some minor ailment like a cold . I want those vaccines to be useful when I
really need them!
Speak Your Mind
1. How often do you feel tired? What do you do at those times!
2. How often do you catch a cold? How do you find relief from
it?
3. Do you sometimes have a stomach ache? How do you cope
with it?
4. Do you ever suffer from a headache? Do you take aspirin or
deal with it some other way?
S. Do you regularly take vitamins?
6. Have you ever suffered from insomnia? What did you do?
7. Are you afraid of the side e야cts of any medicine?
infect : cause disease or illness
• relieve : ease
• adapt : change , adjust to new circumstances
ailment : physical disorder, illness
• cope with : deal with
• suffer from : experience physical or mental pain
• insomnia : ir빼 i lity to sleep; sleeplessness
• side effect : result that a drug has , in additio
•
•
、
1. How often do you feel tired? What do you do at those times?
(A)
These days I seem to get tired a lot more than I used to. Maybe I need to go to bed
earlier or sleep longer.
(B)
I hardly ever feel tired . I almost always get plenty of sleep and avoid eating heavy
meals . And I pace my activities during the day to keep from getting overwhelmed by
work.
2. How often do you catch a cold? How do you find relief from it?
(A)
Every spring I have colds almost constantly. It's probably some kind of allergy. Getting
relief is almost impossible. I’ve tried various medicines, but they just make me drowsy
and inattentive, so I merely feel worse. Even the sneezing is better than that!
(B)
I catch a cold every now and then , but I usually don't have much trouble coping with
it. I just go to the pharmacy and buy some cold medicine, drink lots of orange juice
and vodka , and get a good night’ s sleep. I feel fine the next day.
3. p_o you sometimes have a stomach ache? How do you cope with
it?
(A)
I have a very weak stomach , and what I eat doesn't often agree with me. 50 I have
lots of stomach aches, heartburn, and diarrhea. I guess there's nothing I can do except
watch my diet and make sure there's a bathroom nearby.
(B)
Once in a while I overeat and suffer the consequences , but this is very rare . Mostly, I
eat whatever I like, and as much as I want, and don ’t have any problems.
• overwhelm: completely overpow er
• allergy : unusual physical reaction to certain loods or substances
• drowsy : tire d and almost asleep
• inatientive : not giving enough attention
24 } • heartburn : type 01 indigestion that l eels like a burning in one’s c hest
、.‘’ • diarrhea : condition in which bowel movements are Irequent and watery
、
4. 00 you ever suffer from a headache? 00 you take aspirin or deal
with it some other way?
(A)
I get a slight pain in the back of my head almost every day. But I just close my eyes
and relax for a few minutes and it usually goes away. If it doesn't, then 1'11 take a
couple of aspirins. But it's not a serious problem .
(B)
I don't get headaches, I get migraines. The side of my head feels like it's going to
explode. Aspirin doesn't help, and neither do the other over-the-counter medicines. 1
have to get a powerf비 pain killer prescr，ψ tion， and even they don't help all the time .
Eventually the migraine goes away, but until that happens the pain is absolutely
unbearable.
5. 00 you regularly take vitamins?
(A)
Ever since 1 was a child I've taken vitamins every day. There's no need to overdo it once the body absorbs the maximum intake, it has no way to store any excess, so the
remainder is just wasted . But 1like to make sure that my body gets everything it needs
to stay healthy.
(B)
Sometimes 1get in the habit of taking vitamins every day with breakfast, but if I miss a
few days 1forget about taking them any more. I guess it doesn't matter, though , since
1feel the same whether I take them or no t.
• migraine : very severe headache that usually affects one sid e of the head and tends to happen repeatedly
→ 。 ver-the-counter medicine : drugs which can be bought without a prescription
• prescription : particular medication issued bya pharmacist upon a physician’ s advice
• unbearable : so extreme that one cannot deal with it
• 。verdo : do too muc h of (sth)
• absorb : take in
• intake : amount of a chemical or other substance that enters one’ s body
a의
6. Have you ever suffered from insomnia? What did you do?
(A)
1 can't ever get to sleep easily. 1 toss and turn in bed , 1 get up and fix something to
eat, 1 read a book, 1 try exercising , but nothing works. Maybe 1'11 finally fall asleep an
hour or so before 1 have to get up for work, but then 1 feel even worse than if I'd
gotten no sleep at al l. Eventually, after several days, it all catches up with me, and then
1fall into a deep sleep that nobody can wake me from. This is not a fun lifestyle!
(B)
Once in a while , just before a big test, 1 can 't sleep. 50 the next day, as a result, 1 do
poorly on the test , and then that night 1 sleep like 0 baby. It’ s not a regular problem ,
but 1wish 1knew how to deal with it more effectively.
toss and turn : be unable to sleep , or sleep badly
catch up with (sb) : begin to have an effect on {sb} after a delay
• sleep like a baby : sleep very well soundly
•
‘
26 }
•
7. Are you afraid of the side effects of any medicine?
F
Do you ever worry about the side effects of any medicines you ’ re taking?
M : Why, no. 1 just follow the instructions carefully. Why do you ask? Is my skin
tuming green or something?
F
No , but 1’ m afraid mine migh t. 1 hardly ever take medicine , not even aspirin , but
my doctor just prescribed a whole slew of them for my back pain, and 1’ m worried
about how they might affect me.
M : We11 , prescribing medicines is not an exact science. Sometimes the drugs will
affect one person differently than another. People have different tolerances , and
some people are a11ergic to certain medicines. So if you have any adverse effects, it
might be a good idea to discoη tinue their use and see your doctor again right
away.
F
Yes , that ’ s what the doctor told me. How likely is it that 1’ 11 have problems?
M : The odds are in your favor. Medicines are pretty exhaustively tested before they ’ re
allowed on the market , and very few people have any trouble as long as they
follow the directions carefully. But there ’ s always that odd exception, so watch
yourself. Be careful.
F
This is the reason why 1 usually avoid medicines: 1’ m afraid of the after-effects.
M : Being a little cautious is good for everyone , but 1 wouldn ’ t worry so much. The
doctors usually don ’t offer prescriptions to medicines they’ re not familiar with.
F
But 1 hear horror stories about people who follow directions carefully and still
have something terrible happen. They get a heart attack or go blind or something
like that! 1’ m very concemed.
M : Usually the side effects are minor but unpleasan t. People get blurred vision or
stomach cramps or something like tha t. But they ’ re just having a bad case of
anxiety attack.
F
Really? What do you think 1 should do?
M : Why don't you see a doctor? He can probably prescribe something else that will
calm your nerves.
• slew : large number
• tolerance : ability to withstand
• adverse : not favorable; going against or in an opposition direction
• discontinue : stop
• the odds are in (sb ’5) favor : c hances are good
• exhaustively : thoroughly
• blurred : unclear
• cramp : sudden severe pain
• nerves : feeling worried or frightened
?})
Sample Answers
(A) My parents always warned me that someday I'd have kids of my own and hoped that my
kids would not be as great a cause of concern to me as I had been to my parents. Well , I
guess it’s pay-back time! Hardly a day goes by that I don ’t have some reason to be worried
about them: their safety, their grades, their friends , their habits, their future. I've learned what
my parents meant, the hard way.
(B) I hate my boss and worry about what he's going to do next to make my life miserable.
He enjoys humiliating me in front of my co-workers and never praises me for a job well done.
I'm afraid he's looking for some excuse to 끼re me. Then , instead of worrying about my boss,
I'd have to worry about finding another job to take care of my family.
Speak Your Mind
1. What are the common worries ordinary people have?
2. What is their most serious worry ?
3. As soon as one problem is solv ed , another seems to
pop up
immediately. Why?
4. With whom do you usually talk about personal matters?
5. What particular worries do the following people have?
(a) parents
(b) kids
(c) the rich
(d) the poor
(e) the famous
6. Is there any difference between how men and women worry?
• the hard way : through learning from the unpleasant consequences of mistakes
• humiliate : make (sb) feel ashamed and upset , esp. by making that person seem stupid or weak
•
•
fire : discharge (sb) from a job
pop up : appear suddenly
?:)
1. What are the common worries ordinary people have?
(A) Most people worry a lot about how other people see them. Everyone wants to be
both admired and popular, so we become concerned when we think that others are
not paying us enough attention or are too criticalof us. $ometimes we think a minor
change in our appearance - longer hair, more fashionable clothes - may be enough
to change things around , but other times we despair of finding any solution to the
problem.
(B) 1 used to worry about being talle r. 1was the oldest girl in the family and thought
that 1 should be at least a little taller than my mother; that would indicate some sort
of genetic progress, right? Well , 1 failed at that, no matter how hard 1 worried. And ,
now, to make matters worse, my younger sister is taller than Mom and me both! And ,
she never even wanted to be tall!
2. What is their most serious worry?
(A) Health is our biggest problem . Even if we take good care our ourselves, watch our
diets, and get plenty of exercise , we can still get very sick very suddenly. It doesn ’t
matter how smart we are , how many friends we have, or have much money we've
made; nothing can make us well again . At least, that is what I'm afraid of.
(B) Money, money, money. When we don't have much , we worry about getting
more. When we have lots, we still worry about getting more - but then we also have
to worry about how to spend it and where to invest it, in addition to worrying about
what would happen if we lost it all .
3. As soon as one problem is solved , another seems to pop up
immediately. Why?
(A) We are so preoccupied with one problem to worry about that we can 't focus on
any others. Then , when that problem has disappeared (maybe it wasn't a very serious
problem after all , or maybe it was very serious but beyond our control) , we are able to
devote our attention to some other problem . In time , that one will also be taken care
of, one way or another, at which time we will be free to devote ourselves to worrying
about something new. This is the human condition .
(B) My problems are like a traffic jam . Even while 1 have one thing to worry about,
another j 이 ns it in line, then another and anothe r. In no time at all , I have a dozen
critical : tending to find fault
• despair : fee l that there is no hope
• preoccupied : thin king or worrying about
(sth) a lot
• focus on : pay special a!t ention to a pa미c ul ar person or thing
• devote : dedicate; concentrate
•
、
~
?γj
30
-
• resolution : final solution to a probl em or difficulty
• concern : feeling of worry about (sth) important
• burden : serio us or difficult responsibility
• keep one ’5 own council : not co nfide in anyo ne else
different worries to deal with. Maybe one of these will eventually find a resolution , but
it doesn't matter, because it will merely be replaced by a dozen new concerns. Oh , for
some peace of mind!
4. With whom do you usually talk about personal matters?
(A) I was raised to keep my private business private; my personal matters are no one
business or burden. 50 I keep my own council, and no one else knows anything
about the worries I have. The psychologists say this attitude of self-reliance is bad for
people's mental health, but I don't notice any problems.
else닝
(B) I'm very lucky that my spouse has always been able to listen to me without
expressing any moral judgment of my actions and opinions. We can be pe 바ectly frank
with each without fear or embarrassmen t. Just being able to express my inner feelings
and conflicts with someone I trust always reduces the amount of anxiety I have.
5. What
paπIC비 ar
worries do the following people have?
.parents
(A) Li ke other adults, parents have to worry about their health and finances, but they
have the added burden of worrying about how these things affect their children. It is
very hard for most kids to learn how to adjust to their peers , and kids who are
unhealthy or poor have a particularly difficult time doing so. Having trouble fitting in
is hard for the unpopular child , but it is even harder for the parents, who feel that
they are responsible for the problem in the first place.
(B) Whatever worries their children also worries the parents. Even things which the
kids may never even think about, such as health insurance or the cost of education ,
will be things that parents worry about mightily.
• kids
(A) Kids are most concerned with being like (and being liked by) other kids. The
newest fashions , the coolest new music, the hottest places to go, the need for being
one half of an enviable couple rather than a lonely loser - these are the stuff of
teenage angst.
(B) Parents are preoccupied with the present: paying the bills , running the
household , fixing the car, cooking the meals; but kids have to be worried about the
future , because they will spend the rest of their lives in it. They not only worry about
personal concerns - where to go to school , what kind of job to prepare for, finding a
suitable spouse - but also about social problems - peace , the environment, fair
treatment for everybody, effective laws, and economic progress. Unfortunately, the
kids have very little power to change the world , so they have to worry about it even
more.
• self-reliance : ability to do thing s lor onesell without depending on other people
• frank : honest about a situ ation or one ’s own opinions, even il this offend s other people
• conflict : angry disagreement between people or groups
• adjust : adapt to lit present co nditions
• fit in : be accepted by a group 01 people
• mightily : very muc h
• enviable : very admirable or desirable
• angst: strong l eeling 01 worry or anxiety
~
.the rich
(A) Numbers are the stuff of life for the wealthy. How is the market doing? How will it
be doing in six months? Where can I put my money so 1will get the greatest return?
How are interest rates likely to react to world problems? What tax shelters can I take
advantage of? Rich people aren't human beings - they're calculators. The rich are
worried about money. They never have enough .
(B) The wealthy are treated unfairly. Other people pretend that having a lot of money
is criminal , even though they themselves wish they were rich. 50, they are just jealous
of success . Most rich people have worked very hard to acquire their fortunes ,
educating themselves, putting in long hours of very hard work, and not wasting their
resources on temporary diversions such as having a good time. Perhaps they have
neglected their friends and families because they concentrated so much on making
money, so maybe they are not very happy. But they are rich because they deserve to
be; they have spent their lives getting that way. And , usually, they are very generous
about giving away their hard-earned money for charitable purposes , especially
helping the less fortunate . 50, 1think people should admire them , not criticize them .
• the poor
(A) The poor are worried about money. They never have enough . The world 닝
poorest people worry about how they will get food for their next mea l. They worry
about what will happen to them when the rains come, since they have no shelte r.
They worry about surviving the next bout of illness. They worry about how their
children and spouses will live. They worry about being victimized by criminals and by
the powerf비 . They worry about absolutely everything , because everything is a
problem for them .
(B) Poor people don't have it so bad. In most modern societies , they have enough to
eat, they live in decent homes, they drive cars and wear appropriate clothing. They
often get free housing , education , and medical care. But, they don't have to work for
a living . The rest of us support them , through our taxes and philanthropy. We feel
guilty about beggars not having anything , so we give them money - but a lot of
them have better incomes than we do! I don't mind at all helping people who truly
need help , and I give generously to causes like providing food to hurricane or
earthquake victims, but I think our society has gone too far in helping people who
should be taking care of themselves instead of looking for a handou t.
tax shelter : somewhere to invest money without having to pay tax on the profits
diversion : activity done just for fun
32 } • bout : short p eriod
、." • philanthropy : belief that people s ho비 d help oth er people, esp. by giving money to those wh o need it
•
、
•
.the famous
(A) Before becoming famous , celebrities worried about trying to keep from living a normal
life. They worked hard to insert themselves in the public eye. Once they achieve their goal,
they worry about having some privacy so they can live normal lives.
(B) Famous people are always worried about losing their fame. They know that celebrity is
fickle and that the public turn quickly from one fad to anothe r. The evidence of this
transience is everywhere. They own old CDs nobody listens to anymore, made by famous
singers whom nobody remembers. They have DVDs and videos of old movies starring a cast
of has-beens. Their bookshelves are f비 I of long-forgotten best-sellers. 50 they always have to
worry about joining the pathetic ranks of the no-Ionger-famous.
•
•
•
•
fickle : not constant or loyal in affections or character
transient : staying only a short time; passing through
has-been : (sb/sth) that is no longer effective , successful , or popular
pathetic : sad; useless; ineffective
~
6. Is there any difference between how men and women worry?
F
Aren ’ t you worried about your son in the military?
M : Of course 1 am! Don ’ t you think 1 should be?
F
Of course you should be. But you never talk about it. So 1 assumed that you
weren ’t bothered at all.
M : Talking about it won ’t make it any better. It’s a situation that won ’t just go away
immediately. But meanwhile 1’ m worried about him every single day.
F
If it were my son , 1’ d be talking about the problem every day to everybody. That
wouldn ’t solve the problem or relieve my worries , but it would make dealing with
the situation easier.
M : 1 don ’ t know if it is somehow biological or merely social, but that is certainly one
difference in the way men and women typically behave. A man internalizes his
worries and keeps them to himself, while a woman more freely communicates her
emotions. 1 wonder why that is.
F
Yes , 1’ve often thought about that. Maybe it ’ s
evolutioηary.
M : In what way?
F
For centuries and centuries , most women stayed behind in the camp or village
with other women , and they would talk to each other to help pass the time while
they cooked , made clothing , watched the kids , or tilled the fields.
M : OK. Go on.
• internalize : make (sth) personal
• communicate : express thoughts , feelings , or information to (sb) else
34 } • evolutionary : connected with a gradual process of change and development
、." • till : prepare land for corps to be planted
F
The men, on the other hand, would be away from home and spending much of their
time alone, engaged in activities that required a 10t of silence, 1ike tracking down
animals for food or protecting the camp against enemies. An d they needed to appear
brave and strong in order to gain the respect of their comrades , so it was easier to
pretend that they weren ’t afraid or worried at all by keeping their mouths shut.
M : So you ’ re saying over time, these two modes - became ingrained in the two psyches?
F
being talkative and being silent
Sure. It makes sense to me.
M : So you think men and women are fundamentally different.
F
1 think there are many differences. They are not exact1y the same , bio1ogically or
psycho1ogically. But that doesn ’t mean that one is better than the other. Men and
women are equally capab1e of doing any job , but they may still do them
differently.
M : Hmmm. I’ II have to think about your remarks for a while.
F
Fine. But after ηlulling it over, don ’t forget to ta1k to me about it. We ’ re not robots ,
you know; we can consciously alter our behaviors, despite milleηnia of programming.
;t:.
• comrade : Iriend , companion
• ingrained : lixed deep in one ’s mind
• psyche : human mind
• remark : comment
•
•
mull over : think about carelully
millennia : thousands 01 years
‘
•
alter : change
~
Sample Answers
(A) The cell phone is a wonderful invention. It lets people in an emergency situation get help
easily and immediately. If we are delayed , it lets us notify others of the problem so they will
not be concerned about us. We don’t have to worry about missing an important message
while we are away from home. But, it certainly is abused! I can't stand listening to somebody
yakking endlessly about nothing.
(B) I can understand that someone has received a phone call and is responding to it. But I
hate it when that person is oblivious to others around him and talks as loudly as he can.
Speak Your Mind
1. 1s there any difference in cell phone usage between young
people and old ones?
2. What is the proper etiquette in using a cell phone in public?
3. Can you think of going a day without a cell phone?
4. The age of children having their own cell phones is constantly
going down. Why?
5. What do you think about buying a cell phone for your own
young kids?
6. What age do you think is appropriate for a person to have a
cell phone of his own?
7. What are the bad side effects of camera phones?
8. How has the advent of the cell phone changed people ’s lives?
abuse : use wrongly or improperly; misuse
yak : gab; chatter
→ 。 blivious : unaware
• advent : arrival; appearance
•
•
~
1. Is there any difference in cell phone usage between young
people and old ones?
(A)
Most old people speak very loudly into their phones and repeat themselves often. I
guess they don't realize how sensitive the new microphones are, so they think they
have to strongly project their voice in order to be heard . I can overlook this because of
their age , but I sure do find it annoying!
(B)
We youngsters have grown up with cell phones. They are, quite simply, part of our
life experience. We just take it for granted that someone we ’ re with will be engaged in
a conversation with someone else , even while talking with us, and we don 't see
anything odd about it. It's nothing unusual, and it ceπainly isn't rude. We all do it!
2. What is the proper etiquette in using a cell phone in public?
(A)
We can't help being called , and we shouldn't be prohibited from calling someone else.
But we should be considerate of the people around us. As much as possible, we should
speak quietly and briefly, and we should try to isolate ourselves from other people as
much as possible.
(B)
Actually, I don't think we should ever use our phones someplace where we will bother
others. We can text our messages to anyone with a cell phone, privately and cheaply,
so there is no need to spend a lot of money to irritate someone else.
3. Can you think of going a day without a cell phone?
(A)
Well , I often forget mine completely and leave it at home. Maybe I don ’ t get many
calls, so I dorγt miss it. But if people have anything important to tell me, they just
leave a message and I get it when I get home.
→ 。verlook : c hoose to ig nore a mistake , fault , etc
、
38 }
• take (sth) for granted : expect (sth) always to happen or exist
: unu sua l or unexpected
• prohibited : forb idden
considerate : thinkin g about th e feelings and needs of ot her people
• isolate : separate
bother : ann oy
• text : send a w ritten message to (sb) using a cell phone
→ 。 dd
•
、i’ •
(B)
Go a day without my phone? 1 can't imagine going five minutes without it! How
could I stay in contact with my friends if 1 didn't have my cell phone? It’ s not like
we're always in the same room together all the time. We all have separate, busy lives,
but we still need to be in touch with each other.
4. The age of children having their own cell phones is constantly
going down. Why?
(A)
Young kids need to be in touch with their parents and friends , the same as adults do.
The cost of cell phones is constantly getting smaller, so why should young people be
deprived of this right?
(B)
The main reason is that our so디 ety is becoming increasingly silψ. When we were
poor, we knew better than to waste our time and resources on unnecessary things .
But now, as a society, we have far more money than we need , and we spend most of
it foolishly. As a result, we are spoiling our kids by giving them whatever they want,
simply because they "want" it, or becau se “ all their friends have it," or because some
pop singer sports one. These days, kids tell thei r parents what to do, instead of the
other way around.
5. What do you think about buying a cell phone for your own young
kids?
(A)
1 don't see anything wrong with it . Sometimes 1 need to contact them , and
sometimes they need to get in touch with me. Sometimes, these occasions are very
important, although 1'11 admit that sometimes they are trivial. But we are social beings
and we need to talk to our friends and family on a regular, constant basis. However, 1
would limit my kids' phone usage by allowing them only one phone card per month .
That waι they will be encouraged to behave responsibly.
(B)
What do you mean by "young"? If a kid is old enough to behave in a mature way, 1
see nothing wrong with her having one of the great inventions of our time. Since
we're going to buy our kids presents in any event, for their birthdays or what ever,
then what's wrong with getting them something that they want to have but is also
very usef비 besides? That's better than getting them something that will quickly lose
its appropriateness.
•
•
•
•
deprived : not having the things that are essential for a comfortable life • silly : lacking good sense
spoil : give children whatever they want or let them do what they want , with the result that they behave badly
sporl : wear, display , or show (sth) off • trivial : unimportant or of little value • responsibly: in a sensible way
besides : in addition t。 • appropriate : suitable or right for a parti c띠 a r situation or purpose
、
39 }
、..，
6. What age do you think is appropriate for a person to have a cell
phone of his own?
(A)
I think that as our kids become more independent and are away from our close
superv ion more and more, they should have a phone. That way we can keep tabs on
them , but also they would know that they can always contact us if they need help.
“
(B)
I have no objection to anyone having a phone of his own , as long as he buys it himself
and is responsible for paying all the bills. What I object to is giving young people an
excuse to be irresponsible, running up a large expense for something , and then
expecting their parents to foot the bil l.
7. What are the bad side effects of camera phones?
(A)
There are no bad side effects. I just love sharing my life with my friends. We can now
take each other's pictures anytime we want, no matter where we are. We will save
some of these pictures for the rest of lives, to remember the fun times we used to
have . But even for the ones we don't save , just the act of sharing the experience
together was a very valuable thing .
(B)
The misuse of the camera phone is becoming more serious every day, in lots of ways.
In addition to being caught in potentially embarrassing situations, we also find out
that criminals are taking pictures of our credit cards or IDs and using them to gain
access to our bank accounts or perform other illegal acts. We need to do something
to protect ourselves!
supervise : b e in c harg e of a person or group of people and c heck that they are behavin g or working correctly
keep tabs on (sb) : watch (sb) carefully to see what that person does
• 。bjection : d isapproval or disagreement
• run up : inc rease rapidly
• foot : pay
•
‘
40 }
、."
•
8. How has the advent of the cell phone changed people's lives?
F
1 just read an old science fiction story about a society in which all its members
were in constant contact with one another. The process was not described , but it
sure reminded me a lot of our own world and our reliance on cell phones.
M : How old is that story?
F
1 don ’t know exactly, but maybe
fi잠y
or sixty years.
M : That’ s pretty amazing! We weren’ t even bom then!
F
But there were some pretty disturbing aspects that 1 can’t stop thinking about.
M : 5uch as?
F
Well, first there was absolutely no privacy. Everybody was talking or being talked
to all the time. No one could do anything without the rest of the world knowing all
about it. An d if there was some sort of technological problem, or if someone was
being punished by being denied access , the sense of isolation would drive him
msane.
M : That could be a serious problem. 50metimes we need to be alone, just to think
about our situation and what to do about it.
F
1 know. But it was worse than that. The govemment always knew where the people
were and what they were doing. As a result, they lived in an extremely oppressive
police state.
M : Yes , 1 think it would be easy to plant a tracking device in a cell phone. That’ s a
very scary thought!
F
And , as part of the process, the govemment
was perpetually sending out its own
propaganda through the phones. No one
ever had any way to avoid it. 50 it was
easy to brainwash and control the
population.
M : Yikes! Maybe 1 should start thinking
about leaving my phone at home from
now on.
disturbing : making one feel worried or upset • access : ability or right to enter, approach or use → 。 ppresslve :
unfairly or unjustly harsh , difficult , or cruel • police state : country where the government c1 0sely controls people’s lives
• scary : ma
외k
“
(In밍
9 one 엄
f ee
히I 세rI밍
fr ght
까tened
→ perpe
따tωu
벼
허1: ∞
a
c。
on
미매
1애tinu
삐
lUI
비JIf매
r
αr an or띠
。
ga
하미
n1끼iza
없.t ion pu
띠ts out In 。아r띠
de
하r to 깨삐
in
미n1애삐삐fI“
메삐
luence people ’s opinions and beliefs • brainwash : force (sb) to accept a
partic비ar set of beliefs by repeating the same idea many times • population : all the people who live in a pa미 C미 ar area
•
‘ J
Sample Answers
(A) I never go to the gym , but I get plenty of exercise. I walk to and from my job, since it is
only a few blocks from my home. At work, there is a certain amount of lifting and carrying I
have to do most days, and I watch what I eat. 50 I see no reason to exercise artificially.
(B) If I don ’ t work up a good sweat at least once a day, I feel tired and lethargic all day. In
addition to maintaining my weight and muscle tone, working out also clears my mind and
increases my energy. 50 I am hardly ever sick, tired , or depressed. The hour or so I spend in
the gym every day probably adds years to my life!
Speak Your Mind
1. What is the most popular exercise people engage in? Why?
2. Golf is relatively expensive , but the sport is booming. Can you
explain why?
3. Do you know of any exercise that is easy and inexpensive , and
that people will stay with for a long time?
4. What is the best exercise for young people?
5. What is the best exercise for the elderly?
6.
、Vhat
do you do for exercise?
7. People usually start exercising with a fìrm determination to
continue , but many fail to persist. Do you know why?
• artificially: not naturally
• work up a good sweat : do hard physical exercise
• lethargic : lacking energy , not wanting to do anything
• boom: grow α develop rapidly; thrive
•
firm : definite and not likely to change
•
determination : act of making a decision
~
1. What is the most popular exercise people engage in? Why?
(A)
Young boys sure do like to play football! And this is really good exercise. Because of all
the running , it builds stamina and burns a lot of excess calories. It also helps develop
agility and good co-ordination. No wonder it is so popular around the world.
(B)
People of all ages seem to enjoy hiking in the mountains. There is no competition in
the activity, it is best accomplished in social groups, and being out in nature is an
invigorating experience. Although some people spend a lot of money on "alpinist"
costumes, all anyone really needs to participate is a good pair of walking shoes.
2. Golf is relatively expensive, but the sport is booming. Can you
explain why?
(A)
The main reason is not the game itself, but the business that is conducted on the
greens. It is easier for people to get to know each other well out on the links than it is
in some stu며， old , formal office. And because the game takes so long to play, there is
no hurry-up schedule to contend with.
(B)
A golfer I know told me that it's the only game he knows in which the competition is
not against others but only against the player himself. It is a struggle between the
person and the course. Every golfer has to make a decision about the best way to get
his ball into the hole with as few strokes as possible, and also has to have the skill to
match the strategy. The wind , the length of the grass, the slope of the hill , and a
momentary lack of focus can all affect the score, every time.
3. Do you know of any exercise that is easy and inexpensive, and
that people will stay with for a long time?
(A)
Doctors say swimming is the perfect exercise. Not only does it stretch the muscles
and burn off fat, but it also develops co-ordination and good breathing. No particular
strength is required , since the body tends to float, but it results in shapely calves and
broad shoulders. What could be better?
agile : able to move quickly • coordinate : work together effic iently in a common cause or effort
hike : take a long walk in the country , mountains etc. • invigorating : able to make (sb) feel healthy; energizing
• costume : set of c lothes
• links : golf co urse
• stuffy : uncomfortable because of a lack of fresh air
• contend with : deal w ith
• momentary : continuing for a ve ry s h。η lime • shapely : attractive in shape
•
、
44 }
、.‘’
•
(B)
Walking is the best regular exercise people can engage in . Running may cause serious
bad effects over time, such as knee, joint, and back problems, but walking is not a
hard-impact activity. It is something we can all do from infancy until old age. Weather
is hardly an inhibiting factor at all , and we can walk any time of the day. In the course
of taking a walk, we can usually encounter a lot of people in the neighborhood and
develop familiarity with them. And , it's free!
4. What is the best exercise for young people?
(A)
Any multi-skill sport is grea t. Basketball , football , tennis - these all require a lot of
running , plus the physical manψulation of some bal l. Playing any of these sports needs
strength , quickness, endurance , and co-ordination , so young people can develop
many aspects of their physical well-being and have fun at the same time.
(B)
Don't get me wrong! I'm not opposed to athletics at all; they serve a very usef비
purpose. But young people need to develop their minds as well as their bodies. For
every hour they spend chasing after some ball , they should spend an equal amount of
time building the gray matter between their ears.
5. What is the best exercise for the elderly?
(A)
Old people can play any sport that they played as youngsters . They may not be as fast
or as strong as they once were, but if they have stayed active all their lives this should
not pose any serious problems. However, the worst mistake they can make is to
suddenly begin some high-intensity program after many years of inactivity. Then , the
lungs are weak, the muscles are underdeveloped , and the heart is in danger of overexertion. However, under the advice of a doctor, any old person can slowly and
patiently develop his body parts and soon be ready to enjoy the athletic life again .
(B)
Exercise for old people should be continuous, not strenuous. Things that allow them
to stretch are better than things that force them to run or lift. Golf is good; so are
walking and swimming . But a very good additional activity is riding a bicycle! Of
course , they need to be extra careful about wearing knee- and elbow-pads and
helmets, since their bones are brittle, but otherwise riding should be great fun and do
them great good .
•
•
•
•
infancy : earliest period of childhood • inhibit : tending to make (sth) difficult • familiarity : friendship or info rmality
require : demand • manipulate : control (sth) esp. with skill • serve : assist or promote (sth)
gray matter between their ears : brain • pose : present • exertion : great physical or metal effort
strenuous : needing great effort or energy • brittle : easily broken into many small pieces
‘
45 }
、，.，
6. What do you do for exercise?
(A)
Every week, I play an active game of basketball with my friends. This has kept me in
great shape for many years and has also maintained my competitive spiri t. I hate to
lose a game, but even more than that I hate to miss a shot or to have someone block
my pass or steal the ball from me. Sometimes I lose my temper, but mostly this just
spurs me to try harde r. Then , when the game is over, we can all relax together and
rebuild the friendships that our eager competition had endangered out on the court.
(B)
I never exercise. I think it is a boring waste of time. I used to go to the gym at least
three days a week to run , but after a few months I didn ’ t feel or look any better, so I
stopped . I stay normally busy and active , and 1'm in pretty good health , so I don't see
the need to sweat myself up for no reason .
、
46 }
"""'"’
• maintain : co ntinue
• block : stop th e movement of (sb/sth)
• spur : cause (sb) to do (sth)
• endanger : put (sb/sth) in peril
7. People usually start exercising with a firm determination to
continue, but many fail to persist. 00 you know why?
M : Let’ s go to the gyIn.
F
Oh, you go! 1’ m tired.
M : Tired? From doing what?
F
Main1y, 1’ m just tired of the same routine. We go to the gym every week, and it’s
getting boring. It’ s the same 01d schedu1e every time.
M : Oh , you ’re just disappointed that you aren ’t making progress any more.
F
That ’ s part of it, 1 guess. At first , 1 cou1d see results. My waistline went down , 1 10st
a 10t of weight, and my scores improved. But 1 think 1’ve reached the limit of my
ability.
M : If you stop , you ’11 just get fat again! You shou1d exercise to maintain the gains you
made , even if you don ’t continue to make more.
F : 1’ve thought of that , but maybe if 1 just watch my diet that won ’t happen. If it
does , 1 can a1ways start exercising again 1ater. But right now, 1’ m just not up for it.
The thought just bores me to tears.
M : Won ’ t you miss the new friends you ’ve met?
F
Not rea11y. We don ’t have anything in common except sweat, and 1 have 10ts of
other friends 1 can get together with to do things 1 enjoy more.
M : OK, I’11 go by myse1f, then. Don ’t say you
weren’t invited!
F
1 won ’t! Have fun. But make sure you
shower we11 before you come home ,
so you don ’t stink the p1ace up!
• up for : interested in
• bore (sb) to tears : make (sb) extremely bored
• stink up : fill a place with a very unpleasant smell
~
Sample Answers
(A) I hate doing the dishes the most. It always needs to be done at the worst possible time,
right after I have eaten a nice, filling meal, when all I really want to do is relax and let some of
the food digest in peace. But, no! Instead of watching TV or reading a magazine for a half
hour, I have to collect all the dishes, utensils, pots, and pans, take them to the sink, turn on
the hot water, and scrub, scrub, scrub until they are all clean. By then , the television and
magazine have lost their appeal , and it's time to start getting the kids ready for bed .
(B) There's no chore like cleaning the floo r. It is, quite literally, back-breaking labor to crawl
around on my hands and knees with a rag and scrub the floor down to a bright polish. The
worst thing is, it seems like as soon as I finish , it needs to be done all over again! I hate it!
Speak Your Mind
1. Who does the cooking in your family?
2. Who does the grocery shopping at your home?
3. Who does the dishes in your house?
4. What chores do the kids in your family help with?
5. What is the chore that men hate to do the most? Why, do you
think?
6. What is the chore women hate the most? Why?
7. Women are said to be more adept at doing household chores.
Do you agree? Why or why not?
• utensil : tool or object with a particular use , esp. for eating
•
•
literally : in effect; virtually
poli sh : shininess of a surface
•
• scrub : rub (sth) hard
back-breaking : physically very hard and tiring
• adept : very skillful and effective
~
1. Who does the cooking in your family?
(A)
Mom , of course. I don ’ t think Dad knows the difference between a marshmallow and
a microwave! But that's fine; whenever Mom refuses to cook, Dad takes us all out to
eat at a nice neighborhood restaurant, or else we just order ou t. This way, the whole
family gets to have some variety in our diet.
(B)
Well , my father is 디 early the best cook in the family, but he only exhibits this skill on
special occasions like Mom's birthday or something like tha t. Once in awhile, out of
the blue, he will surprise us by whipping up a wonderful mea l. I th ink he enjoys
cooking more than anything else , and he does it with great zes t. But, unfortunately,
he just isn't home enough to do this on a regular basis.
2. Who does the grocery shopping at your home?
(A)
My roommates and I take turns. Once a week, we all make up a list of what we need ,
or what we want to eat, and then one of us has the task of filling the orders. We also
take turns doing the cooking and cleaning up, and we divide the costs evenly. The
only exception is if one of us insists on adding something really expensive to the list
- none of the rest of us wants to subsidize a gourmand's appetite.
(B)
My wife used to do the shopping by herself. But every week, she'd either spend too
much by not effectively comparing prices, or she'd buy something because it was on
sale, even though we never got around to eating it. She got tired of my complaining
about her poor shopping habits, so now we go together once a week. Actually, it
works out very well , because this way we spend more time together than we used to ,
and it’ s kind of fun looking at all the colorful fruits and smelling the fresh vegetables.
• marshmallow : soft pin k or w hite candy with a thick round shape
• mlcrowave : mlc rowave ove n
• 。 rder out : call for food to be delivered to one’ s home or office
• exhibit : show
50 ~ →。 ut of the blue : suddenly and without warning
• whip up : quickly prepare (sth)
-:J • zest : eager i nterest and e미 oyme nt
• take turns : do (sth) alternately or in succession
• evenly : equally
• subsidize : pay some of th e cost
• gourmand : (sb) w ho enjoys eatin g well
3. Who does the dishes in your house?
(A)
I have been the family dishwasher for as long as I can remembe r. I knew how to clean
a dish even before I could read; sometimes I think it was even before I could walk! But
I' m not complaining - I've done it for so long that it seems like second nature to me.
The only bad part is that if I'm eating at someone else's place I have an irresistible urge
to do the dishes there, too!
(B)
This seems like the least pop비 ar task we encounter. Sometimes the dishes pile up for
days at a time, until we can't cook or eat anymore until they are washed , since we
don't have any left to cook with or eat from . Maybe we should just have a lottery or
something , or set up a definite schedule.
4. What chores do the kids in your family help with?
(A)
My parents believe that children should start helping with household chores from
when they are very young . They start out doing simple things like clearing the table,
then when they are a little older they start washing and drying the dishes. Eventually,
by the time they are teenagers , they take turns doing everything. Gender doesn ’ t
matter, none of my brothers or sisters will ever graduate from our family into a home
of their own without knowing intimately all the secrets of cooking and housecleaning .
(B)
None of the kids in my house do anything . Our family philosophy is that children are
only young once, and they should make the most of it. Sometimes I worry that this will
make me unprepared for having a home of my own , but then I think about it and
realize that I' m very happy to avoid these chores as long as I can . I don't think any of
them are complicated enough to require much training , so 1'11 wait until I get married
or move out on my own. Or, maybe 1'11 just hire a maid ....
•
•
•
•
•
second nature : actions that one performs without thinking
irresistible : impossible to resist
• encounter : deal with
pile up : stack in a high , disorderly manner • definite : clearly known, seen, or stated, and very certain
start out : begin
• intimately : 1비 Iy ; completely
• philosophy : set 01 beliels or ideas
make the most of (sth) : use a good situation to get the best possible result
~
5. What is the chore that men hate to do the most?
think?
Whι
do you
(A)
I'm convinced that cleaning the floor is the most-hated chore for men . Maybe
because the male ego does not appreciate being on one's hands and knees , like a
slave. Men want to think they are Masters of the Universe, and this sort of hard labor
is beneath them .
(B)
Taking out the garbage should be easy, right? It doesn ' t take long and can be
accomplished at the same time one is leaving the house to go to work. But,
somehow, no matter how many times 1remind my husband to do this simple task, he
always manages to "forget. " 1 always end up doing it myself. What makes me
especially angry, though , is the fact that he agreed to do this in exchange for not
having to do anything else around the house.
6. What is the chore women hate the most? Why?
(A)
Washing the clothes tops the lis t. It is mindless labo r. Everything else requires some
sort of mental engagement to do properly, but washing is just a routine . 1put it off as
long as possible , but it seems that 1end up doing it several times a week anyway.
(B)
Wives hate having to do everything for their husbands, but they love doing it things
for their children. 1 guess the difference is that husbands are old enough to do some
of these things for themselves, but their kids 끼 ever grow up." 1know that my mother
does everything to make my dad look good, but she complains about it incessantly,
and 1 never hear her complain about working on my behalf.
ego : self.importance; conceit
• beneath : less important than; inferior t。
garbage : waste material that is thrown away
• end up : reach a final state or co ndition
52 } • top : be at the top
• mindless : using or requ iring no intelligence
~ • incessantly : constantly
• 。 n (sb ’ s) beha lf : in order to help {sb}
•
、
•
7. Women are said to be more adept at doing household chores.
Do you agree? Why or why not?
F
There might have been a time when women had nothing else to do except take
care of the home. It made a certain amount of sense that if the husband was away
from home earning money for the family, then the wife should make sure
everything at home was taken care of.
M : Do 1 sense that you don't think that is the case any more?
F
It might be , for some families. If the wife does not have a job, then she should be
expected to work at home. That seems fair.
M : But?
F
But, that isn ’ t the case for most families anymore. A lot of women work outside
the home, and many have full-time jobs. They put in just as much time at work as
their husbands do , but still they are expected to take care of the house too. Most
husbands don ’ t help at all , or they only help a tiny bi t.
M : Well , why don ’t women go on strike, then? “ Don ’t iron while the strike is hot!"
Eventu a1 1y, men will be forced to help out, since they want to live in a c1 ean house
and wear nice clothes, too.
F
1 don't know about most men, but 1 don ’ t think my husband cares much one way
or another if the house is messy. He just seems oblivious to the whole situation.
EventuallY' 1just can ’t take it anymore and c1 ean up the mess by myself.
M : Do you suppose it’s genetic?
F
What? Do 1 think there ’s a house-cleaning gene that women have and men
Of course not! Men are just lazy slobs , that’s all!
don간
M : 1 take exception to that! 1 don ’ t think 1’ m lazy at all , and 1’ m certainly not a slo b. 1
always take great care to look good and to live in a neat , c1 ean environment.
F
Then what ’ s the difference between you and the rest of the Male Race?
M : 1 guess it was the way 1 was raised. 1 was always
expected to help with the household chores , so
when 1 got married 1 was used to it. Sure, when 1
get home 1’ m tired and want to relax, but 1 know
my wife feels the same way. So 1 always try to do
about half the housework, and we take tums doing
the things we both hate.
• make sense : be practical and sensible
• fair : without favoritism; just
• tiny : extremely small
• 90 on strike : refuse to work
• messy : disorderly
• oblivious : unaware of what is happening
• take : accept or endure
• slob : dirty , lazy, or messy person
~
Sample Answers
(A) My parents and I have gone in different directions since I was about ten. No matter how
much we love each other or how hard we try to live together peacef비 Iy ， we have
fundamentally different ideas about how I should live my life. 1 hope someday they accept me
for who I am instead of trying to make me into who they think I should be. (Or, to be fair,
maybe someday I will recognize their wisdom in trying to change my attitudes and lifestyle ,)
But I doubt it.
(B) Ever since I left home and moved to a different city, my parents and I have gradually
drifted apart. We see each other on major h이 idays and talk to each other on the phone from
time to time, but we just are not as close as we used to be. I miss the good old days, when
they were a constant source of inspiration and advice.
Speak Your Mind
1. How often do you visit your parents?
2. How much money do you give your parents (if any)? How much
do they give you?
3. Do you always vacation with your parents?
4. What do you do for a special day such as a parent ’s birthday or
wedding anniversary?
s. Do you think your parents are proud of you? Why or why not?
6. What is the most important lesson you learned from your parents?
7. Do you expect an inheritance from your parents? Why or why not?
8. Will you financially support your parents when they retire or
become unable to pay for themselves?
9. Would you move aged or ill parents into your home? What about
sending them to a nursing home?
10. Do your parents have strong opinions about how you should live
your own life?
drift apart : gradually lose interest in or affection for each other
inspiration : feeling of encouragement or uplift
• inheritance : property or money received upon (sb ’ s) death
• nursing home : institution where old people live when they are too old or sick to care for themselves without help
•
•
55}
~
1. How often do you visit your parents?
(A) That’ s an easy question to answer. 1still live at home. 50 1see both of my parents
every single day. There are times 1 yeorn to live in my own house, so 1 can do
whatever 1want, but mostly 1enjoy the feeling of security 1have.
(B) My parents moved abroad to join my brother more than a decade ago , so 1
hardly ever see them . Once every year or so, they return here or 1visit them , but it is
getting harder for them to make the trip because of their age, and it is becoming
more difficult for me to take time away from work. I'm extremely glad though that
the internet lets us stay in touch all the time.
2. How much money do you give your parents (if any)? How much
do they give you?
(A) 1 get an allowance every week. It's not much , but it's enough to eat out with my
friends and go to a movie. If 1want to play video games or buy a new CD, 1can afford
it. And if 1 need a larger amount for some special purpose, like going camping in the
mountains or spending a weekend at the beach with my friends, 1know that all 1have
to do is ask.
(B) These days, 1 pay my parents' utility bills and apartment management fees every
month and take them out to eat every 5unday. 1 also let them know that if an
emergency comes up, like an unexpected medical bill , they should let me know.
3. Do you always vacation with your parents?
(A) 1 haven't taken a vacation with my parents since 1 was in schoo l. No, 1'11 take that
statement back; we did go abroad together one summe r. But we just argued all the
time about where to go and what to do and about what kind of a schedule we would
follow. 50 we all decided that this was not a good idea ofter 011.
(B) Now that my dad has retired , it is a lot easier to go places together, even if only
for a weekend . His schedule is very flexible, and both of my parents are still in
excellent health, so the only problems are my own timeframe and financial ability to
keep up with their travel plans. Right now, we are planning a winter visit to Europe. 1
think we are all going to leave together and spend about a week touring , and then I’ 11
come back by myself to return to work while they stay there another week or two.
• yearn : want (5th) a lot
• security : salety Irom attack, harm , or damage
-+ utility : public service such as gas , water, or electricity
• come up : occur, esp. unexpectedly
56 } • after all : desp ite expectat ions
• flexible : capable 01 or wi lling to change; adaptable
、." • timeframe : p eriod 01 time during whic h (sth) happens
、
4. What do you do for a special day such as a parent's birthday or
wedding anniversary?
(A) Their wedding anniversary has always been a big deal in our family. We always
have a big party for all our relatives and close family friends . $ometimes over a
hundred guests show up. My mom and dad pretend that they don't get along well ,
but by the end of the evening they always toast each other and , in effect, renew their
marnage vows.
(B) For my mom's birthday I always fix dinner and clean up the apartmen t. For once ,
she gets to be the guest instead of the hostess. For Oad's birthday, I take him to a
baseball game and a nice meal in a restaurant. I get them little gifts too, of course,
but what really counts is the special attention I give them and our time together.
5. Do you think your parents are proud of you? Why or why not?
(A) I don't know if they are or no t. They never say anything about it, one way or the
other. I guess if they had a problem with the way I've turned out, they’d tell me about
it. But they' ve never really talked to me about me, not even when I was young. This
doesn ’ t mean that they don't love me; they are just very private people when it
comes to talking about personal matters.
(B) My mom and dad are supeπ titωus and don't want to jínx the situation by saying
good things about me. But I can tell by the way they act that they are very proud of
what I' m doing and the way I live my life. I just hope that I never disapp이 nt them ,
that's al l.
6. What is the most important lesson you learned from your parents?
(A) Their life was never easy. They had to struggle for everything they ever go t. When
I was growing up, there were many things I wanted that they could not afford . But
they never complained or made excuses. What I have learned from them is that if I
wish to achieve something , I need to keep working at it and never give up.
(B) I don't know if “ love" is a "Iesson ," but that is what my parents have taught me.
No matter what I did wrong , I always knew that my parents would do whatever they
could to help me. I didn ’ t always agree with how they helped me (for instance ,
forcing me to stay home and study instead of letting me go out with my friends) , but
I always knew that they had my best interest at heart.
toast : drink a toast to (sb)
• renew : make (sth) as if new again
• count : matter; be important
way or the other : in any manner
• turn out : become; develop
• superstitious : believing in the power of magic or lu ck
• jinx : bring bad luck to (sb/sth)
• 5truggle : try hard; fight
• work at (5th) : try hard to develop or improve (sth)
•
→。 ne
~
7. Do you expect an inheritance from your parents? Why or why not?
(A) I hope my parents have a long and happy life and spend their entire "fortune"
upon themselves so that there will be nothing left over for me. After all , they earned
it; they deserve to benefit from it.
(B) Yes , of course I do. It's not that I'm selfishly hoping to get something , and certainly
rather have living parents than any inheritance at al l. But I know that my parents
feel an obligation to pass something on to their children and will do their best to make
certain it happens. It’s not about the size of the bequest at all; it’s all about their sense
of parental responsibility. And then I can pass it on to my descendants as wel l.
|’ d
8. Will you financially support your parents when they retire or
become unable to pay for themselves?
(A) Of course I wil l. Now that I have kids of my own I realize how expensive they
really are. My parents made huge financial sacrifices on my behalf for many years;
repaying them is the least I can do, after al l.
(B) I would like to , and I will if I can. But right now it would be very hard to do so.
I'm struggling just to keep up with my own obligations. 50 I hope Mom and Dad stay
healthy a few years longer, at least until my own job situation improves. If something
terrible would happen to them now, I don't know what I'd do.
9. Would you move aged or ill parents into your home? What about
sending them to a nursing home?
(A) I know that I would feel guilty if I didn't share my house with my parents, but I
don't see how this would be to their own advantage. My husband and I both work
long hours every day, so neither of us would be around to help them ou t. And our
new apartment is very smal l. Maybe Mom and Dad would be better off if they stayed
where they are and had a live-in nurse to take care of them .
(B) I strongly feel an obligation to take care of my parents. They don't even have to
wait until they are sick or 이 d; they can move into my house now, if they want to.
Nothing would make me happier than to provide for their care, just as I know how
much enjoyment they received from looking after me for all those years. I can't
understand the selfishness of a lot of my friends in this regard.
deserve : be worthy 01
• bequest : money or property given to (sb) in a will
descendant : offspring
• 。 bligation : legal , social , or moral duty
58 ~ • better off : in a better condition
、i’ • in this regard : in connection with the point previously mentioned
•
、
•
10. Do your parents have strong opinions about how you should
live your own life?
M : 1’ m an adult, aren’tI?
F
Well , you look like one anyway. Sometimes 1’ m not so sure that you act 1ike one.
Why do you ask?
M : My parents still treat me 1ike a child. They don ’t think 1 can make any decisions on
my own.
F : It’s what parents do. No matter how old or successful you become, to them you ’11
always be their 1ittle boy.
M : But 1’ m not a 1ittle boy! They did a good job raising me to be a self-reliant, capable
human being, but they never recognize how well they did. They still want to
control my 1ife.
F
1 think you should consider yourself very fortunate. Once 1 left home , my parents
left me entirely on my own. Now even when 1 try to get their advice , they te l1 me
to solve my own problems.
M : We l1, 1 think you do a pretty good job of taking care of yoursel f.
F
1 think so too , but it ’s not 1ike 1 have any choice. 1 have to rely on my own
initiative, since 1 don ’t have anyone else to lean on.
M : It’s odd , isn ’t it? We ’ re both basical1y wel1adjusted , self-motivated people, with loving
parents. But 1 wish mine would leave me
alone more often, and you want yours to be
more involved in your decision-making.
F
1 guess there ’ s another possibility, as wel l.
Maybe in both of our cases , our parents
intervene to the same degree , but we both
overreact. You reseη t any interference at al1,
and 1 never feel 1 get enough involvement.
M : Hmmmm. Maybe you have a poin t. 1 don ’t
think that’s true, but it’s something to think
abou t.
• self-reliant : able to decide what to do by oneself , without depending on the help or advice of other people
• capable : skillful ; effective
• initiative : ability to make decisions and take action without waiting for (sb) to tell one
what to do
• lean on : depend on
• intervene : become involved in a situation in order to try to stop or change it
• resent : feel displeasure or anger at (sb/sth)
、
59 }
Sample Answers
(A) At work, I only have a short time to eat and run personal errands, so I don't have the time
to go to a nice, relaxing restaurant for a good mea l. I save that luxury for the weekends. My
office is in an area where there are dozens of small fast-food restaurants, so I have a wide
choice of menus and I can finish my meal quickly.
(B) People eat in the pop비 ar fast-food places for the same reason that they listen to popular
music and wear popular fashions: because it is ψopular" to do so. The giant corporations
understand very well the value of adverting and image-creation. Most people actually prefer
high-quality food that is individually prepared, served to them by a friendly waiter or waitress,
and consumed in a comfortable, relaxing environment; but they still spend most of their eatout budget at the assembly-line food outlets.
Speak Your Mind
1. What is your favorite fast food?
2. How often do you eat at a fast-food restaurant?
3. Are there any problems associated with fast food?
4. Why do many people , especially kids , seem to be addicted to
fast food?
5. What should the fast-food producers do to help consumers?
6. Do you think parents are at fau 1t for their children ’s bad
eating habits , or are the kids themselves most responsible?
•
•
corporation : large business organization
budget : amount of money available to spend
~
1. What is your favorite fast food?
(A)
1don't think I could survive a day without a delicious ice cream cone. It always makes
my day go bette r. If 1 am tired of studying and need a break, 1 go to the nearest ice
cream vendor and order a double-dip cone or sundae , with lots of hot ωdgκ nuts, and
fruit filling . 1don't care what flavor the ice cream is - they ’ re all good!
(B)
1 like them all , but chicken is the healthiest fast food . Even though it is fried , the
chicken still has a lot fewer calories and less fat than a hamburger or pizza. And 1 can
eat a lot of it without feeling "too full." 50, although 1 visit all of the fast food places
from time to time, 1visit the various chicken outlets far more often than the others.
2. How often do you eat at a fast-food restaurant?
(A)
I'm a very busy person , on the go all the time. 50 1 live mainly on fast food . It's not
unusual for me to eat out three times a day. Fortunately, there are many kinds of fast
food available , so 1 am not stuck in a boring routine . Not only do 1 get to choose
between chicken , hamburger, or pizza , among others, but the products from different
companies in the same category have notíceably different tastes, and the restaurants
themselves are constantly introducing new items as wel l.
(B)
1 never go to a fast-food restauran t. At work sometimes or if I'm visiting someone's
house, 1'11 eat fast food if that is the only thing available. But if 1have a choice , 1always
avoid fast food . It's expensive and unhealthy at the same time! 1 don ’ t understand
why anyone eats the stuff. A good home-cooked meal or eating at a nice restaurant is
always more nutritious and better tasting. In fact, if 1 had my way 1 would make fastfood chains illega l.
• break : short stoppage of an activity such as work
• vendor : person who sells (sth)
• fudge : soft ric h candy , flavored w ith chocolate
• 。 n the go : constantly bu sy or active
62 \ • stuck : caught or held in a position so that one cannot move
• noticeable : easy to see , hear, or feel
:二l • have one ’ 5 way : be allowed to have or do w hat one wants
3. Are there any problems associated with fast food?
(A)
I don't think so. To stay in business, the makers depend on their customers being
happy. 50 all the meat and vegetables and other ingredients are carefully inspected and
prepared . The effort is to make sure that the food is consistently the same quality and
taste every time . The ingredients that are used are always very basic components
within the major food groups, the same sort of healthy food we eat at home. 50 I
don't understand the criticism that people make about fast food.
(B)
The food itself may be basically healthy; that is probably true. But the combinations
the major groups offer are high in fat, high in carbohydrates , and high in cholestero l.
And , for reasons of economic competition , not dietary considerations, the servings are
too large. 50 people who eat a lot of fast food tend to be overweight and lacking in
many essential ingredients that a healthier balance would provide. Along with the
extra weight, consumers are faced with higher blood pressure, poor blood circulation ,
and increased risks of heart trouble. There is even the possibility of high cancer risks ,
though the data on this aspect are not yet complete .
4. Why do many people, e5pecially kids, 5eem to be addicted to fast
food?
(A)
What the makers don't want to tell you is tha t the food has a lot of sugar and other
addictive substances added, because these additives either make the food taste better
or help preserve its freshness. At home, people will eat hamburger or chicken which is
fresh and unadulterated, but the same thing consumed in a fast-food store will be
heavily salted and sweetened. We become addicted without realizing it.
(B)
The real addiction is the social role. People eat in fast-food restaurants together with
their friends. They can be noisy and actively intimate within that circle of friends in
ways that would not be acceptable in a traditional restauran t. The noise, the activity,
the bright lights and colors combine to form a very enjoyable atmosphere of social
entertainment. Modern society tends toward individual alienation and isolation , and
the fast-food environment is an antidote.
ingredient : element in a mixture • inspect : examine {sth} carefully • criticism : expression of disapproval
dietary : related to the food {sb} eats • consideration : careful thought • serving : food provided • addictive : extremely
habit.forming , esp. physically • additive : subst.ance a~d ed in small ~mo unt to {:;th} in order,to improve orpres당 rve its,quality
• preserve: malntaln • unadulterated : in pure form with nothing added • combine : bring (two or more things) together; join
• atmosphere : general feeling or mood • entertainment : amusement • alienation : feeling of not belonging in a partic비ar
society , place , or group • antldote : {sth} that negates bad effects
•
•
63 )
ι」‘’
5. What should the fast-food producers do to help consumers?
(A)
They should put the same marketing efforts into promoting the healthy items they
sell , such as salads , as they put into their main items. They should also, clearly and
prominentlι display all the relevant dietary information such as calories, fat content,
etc., so informed customers can make better choices for themselves. And the typical
combo meal provides more calories than the recommended daily allotment; nobody
needs to consume such large helpings at a single sitting . $0, the chains should cut
back drastically on the quantity of food they provide, instead of constantly pushing
towards super-sizing everything .
(B)
The main thing for a fast food owner to remember is that his children eat it too. $0 he
should do everything possible to make sure it is healthy. Instead , he is only interested
in making money. $0 he adds more salt because it makes people more thirsty, so they
will order more drinks. Even though sugar is mainly just empty calories with no
dietaη value , he adds it to as many products as possible because it tastes good and is
addictive. $0 sugar is not only in the drinks and ice cream , but even in the chicken or
hamburger or pizza!
、
64 }
"'OiIII’
• prom inent : very noticeable
• relevant : important and directly connected to (sth)
• informed ’ having a lot of knowledge about (sth)
• combo : combination
• all otment : amount of (sth) given to (sb)
6. Do you think parents are at fault for their children's bad eating
habits, or are the kids themselves most responsible?
F
1 don ’t know what to do about my son.
M : Why? Wh at’s the matter?
F
No matter what 1βx at home for him to eat, he hardly touches it. Wh en he does
eat, he ’ s listless. It’s like he has no appetite for good food.
M : Oh, he ’ s probably just infatuated with somebody. Nobody who ’ s “ in love" feels like
eating, you know.
F
No , 1 don ’t think so. Mainly, he only wants to eat fast food. He loads up on it
before he gets home , and then of course he isn’ t hungry any more.
M : That should be an easy problem to fix. Just don ’t give him any money.
F
That wouldn ’ t help. He would just borrow some cash from his friends , and 1’ d end
up having to give him money to pay them back. And 1 don ’t want him to be a
beggar; he needs to staηd on his own.
M : But he’s making terrible food choices. How did he get such bad habits?
F : It’s probably my faul t. Wh en 1 used to take him out shopping, we ’ d stop at some
fast-food place for lunch. It seemed like a good idea at the time , but now 1’ m sorry.
M : Don ’t be too hard on yourself. Everybody buys fast food now and then. Sometimes
there just isn ’t any convenient alternative.
F
But it isn’ t good for him to make it his main source of meals. He needs to have a
more ba1 anced diet with fewer empty calories and less fa t.
M : Have you talked to him about it?
F
Many times. But he doesn ’t even seem to think there ’s a problem. He says all his
friends eat out, and he just wants to be with them.
M : Well , 1 guess u1timately he has to make his own choices in life. He ’ s not your
pnsoner.
F
No , he isn’t. But 1 can’t help worrying about him.
• fix : make (sth) ready; prepare
• listless : without energy or enthusiasm
infatuated : in love
• load up : get a lot of (sth)
• stand on one’ 5 own : do by oneself
• alternative : choice between two or more possibilities
•
~
Sample Answers
(A) What's wrong with being worried about how I look? It's a known fact that the so-called
beautiful people get the best jobs, make the most money, find the best mates, and are the
most popular, no matter how well they do in schoo l. $0 any time I put into improving my
appearance is just a good investment in life. If others think I' m vain , that's their problem;
they’ re probably just jealous anyway.
(B) I don't think I have just one thing on my mind at al l. Li ke other people, I go from subject
to subject throughout the day. At work, I concentrate on my job. When I'm with my friends ,
we are concerned with our mutual interests. When I'm by my myself, my thoughts wander
over many fields: sometimes I worry about mistakes I made, sometimes I think about what I
need to do to get ahead , sometimes I'm not much interested in anything at al l. We don't
really have any control over the contents of our thoughts; our brains just randomly surf across
whatever stimuli they happen to encounter.
Speak Your Mind
1. What is the most
urgent thing for you to do now?
2. What should you accomplish this year?
3. What is your 10-year plan?
4. What is the ideal retirement situation?
s. What would your next job be if you had a choice?
6. What are your most pleasant memories?
7. What are your worst memories?
8. Do your relatives give you headaches or happiness?
known fact : proven point
• vain : overly proud of one’ s own looks or abilities
one’5 thoughts wander : (sb) stops paying attention to (sth) and thinks about (sth) else
.. stimulus : (sth) that causes a reaction
• urgent : needing immediate action or attention
•
•
~
1. What is the most urgent thing for you to do now?
(A) I've allowed my life to drift latelι so 1 need to get focused on what's really
importan t. I've bought a lot of useless stuff and put myself in debt, and I've neglected
my real friends. 50, starting tomorrow, 1 want to put things righ t. 1 will control my
wild spending habits and spend more quality time with the people who really matter.
(B) I've promised myself to lose some weight. I just started going to the gym
regularly, and I'm watching my diet. And 1 have my eye on some wonderf비 clothes
that are a size smaller than what 1 wear now. 50 my reward for getting my weight
down will be to buy a new wardrobe.
2. What should you accomplish this year?
(A) 1 have to pass my entrance exams this yea r. 1can 't afford to waste any more time.
My whole future depends on accomplishing that goal , and I've promised myself to
achieve it.
(B) This year 1am determined to get more exercise. Usually, 1 make an ambitious plan
but 1 don't stick to it. 50 , this year I' m setting goals that 1 can realize instead of
reaching for impossible objectives. 1 will walk for an hour every evening after 1 eat,
without fai l. In six months , unless I have ach ieved my desired weight , 1 will add
another ten minutes every week. 1 enjoy walking because it is easy and social , so 1
don ’ t expect any problems this time!
3. What is your 1O-year plan?
(A) In a decade I want to be happily married with two wonderful kids . We will live in
a nice place, close to work and schoo l. 1'11 have a stable job and be saving some
money for the kids' education. 1have it all planned out in my mind , step by step.
(B) 1 don't have any idea what 1'11 be doing ten years from now. AII that I' m sure
about is that it won 't be the same as now. Who knows? Maybe 1will be living the life
of comfortable luxury, part of the international jet se t. Or maybe 1'11 have my own
company and be well on my w ay to becoming rich. Of course, it's also possible that
something bad will happen . Maybe 1'11 be bankrupt or ill or even dead , but 1 don't
think so. Basically, the future takes care of itself in its own way, and things mostly
work out fine , even if not in the way we imagine they will be.
•
、
--’
68 }
•
•
•
wild : without careful thought
• matter : be of importance
reward : (sth) given in return for a parti c비 a r behavior
• wardrobe : clothing ensemble
stick to : persevere
• stable : not likely to change position or condition ; firm
step by step : gradually; by stages
• bankrupt : unable to pay one’ s debts
4. What is the ideal retirement situation?
(A) It doesn't matter how successful we've been , we can 't be happy in retirement
without good health . I can't imagine living to a hundred and being sick every day.
What could be worse than that? Money can pay the medical bills , but it can't buy
health; and without health , there can ’ t be any happiness. 50 we need to take care of
ourselves early and consistently throughout our lives.
(B) I can see it now: living in some hot, low-cost place, perhaps in 50uth East Asia.
With a very modest savings and pension, I could have a very nice house in a tropical
paradise. The people around me would be beautiful and friendlι and life would be
very easy. No cares or troubles , just living the good life! And this should be relatively
easy to accomplish .
5. What would your next job be if you had a choice?
(A) I've always wanted to be a photographer . I think I have a good eye for
composition , and the new cameras do all the work. It’s hard to get started in the
profession , but I think that's the job for me.
(B) I just hope that my next job is not 띠 nemployed. " Times are bad , and lots of
people are afraid of losing their positions. It also happened to me in the past, so I
know what it feels like to have to worry about paying one's bills and the despair of not
feeling usefu l. But I don't have any prejudice; 1'11 take any job and do it well , so I'm not
too worried about being jobless for long.
6. What are your most pleasant memories?
(A)
When I was about seven my family went to New York on a vaca t ion. The
skyscrapers, the busy crowds , the bright lights at night, the sounds of the constant
traffi c: these things made a great impression on me. I don't really remember the
details of our trip , but I can 't forget the sense of excitement I had just being there. I
think this attitude has shaped the way I look at the world and my place in it.
(B) Nothing can beat the feeling of being in love the first time , especially when it's a
shared feeling . I had had crushes before , but they were always accompanied by
feelings of inadequacy and despair since the object of my affections did not care about
me. But then I finally found someone who I fell in love with at first sight and , I was
pleased to discover, felt the same way about me. We have spent many happy years
together. 50me of the times we experienced were not so good , but the fact that we
had each other made them bearable.
pension : money paid regularly to retired people
• despair : complete lack of hope
prejudice : unfair judgment or opinion
• skyscraper : very tall building
• details : any small facts
• attitude : state of mind
• beat : do better than
-> crush : strong , often foolish and brief liking for (sb)
• inadequacy : feeling of not being capable enough
• bearable : capable of being endured or tolerated
•
•
~
7. What are your worst memories?
(A)
1'11 never forget the terrible car accident 1 had when 1was twenty-three. One moment,
everything was fine; and the next, 011 hell broke loose. It was like being in slow motion
as the two cars came together, and 1felt helpless to prevent it. And then immediately
after that, all 1 could feel was the worst pain I've ever experienced and the feeling that
it would never end . Those are the most vivid memories , but after the crash 1 also had
to go through months of rehobilitotion and pain. 1 hope nothing like this ever happens
to me agaín .
(B)
Basic training for the military was by far the worst experience in my life. 1 hated the
early hours, the hard work, the feeling of being lost all the time . 1 couldn 't stand the
mind games that the people in charge constantly played , or the personal degradotion
that they inflicted on me nearly every day. The pay was miserable, and there was no
free time to spend it anyway. There were many times that 1 just wanted to kill myself
and end it al l. But, fortunately, it was over in a few weeks . The actual military service
that followed was not much fun either, but it was sure better than tha t.
all hell broke loose : suddenly there was wild disord er, noise , confusion
helpless : unable to manageb y oneself; powerless
• viv!d : <:~ u si ng . c l ea ~ i rr:a~es within the m i ~ d
70 \ • go through : experience (sth) difficult or unpleasant
• rehabilitate :- help (sb) líve a healthy, useful , or active life again
:..J after injury , sickness , or being in prison
• degradation : experience , situation, or condition that makes one feel
ashamed-and angry
• iriflict: make (sb) suffer (sth) bad or painful
•
‘
•
8. Do your relatives give you headaches or happiness?
M : 1 feel very lucky to have the in-laws 1 do. Sometimes 1 think they care more about
me than my real parents do.
F
You are lucky indeed. 1 don ’t think my in-laws have ever forgiven me for marrying
into their fam i1y. 1 don ’ t think they believe anyone is good enough for their son ,
and 1’ m the unfortunate evidence of that belief.
M : Maybe you ’ re over-reacting. Have you tried to get close to them? They can ’t be
expected to do all the work, can they?
F : 1’ve tried many times , but to no t:.한다. Wh enever 1 think we ’ve achieved some sort
of breakthrough in our relationship , they make sure that 1 am quickly disabused of
that notion. If 1 didn ’ t love my husband 1’ d get a divorce just to get rid of his
parents.
M : Wow, that sounds pretty bad. My in-laws and 1 had to make a rough. adjustment in
the very beginning, but we all leamed to make the necessary compromises, and
then everything worked out fine. 1 don ’t know what 1’ d do without them. If 1 ever
have any problem, they are always there to help me out. 1 think that my wife and 1
may have actually split up without their support.
F : It’s very strange. We can ’t choose who our parents are , and sometimes people get
very bad ones. But usually we can depend on our parents to love us and help us ,
no matter wha t. Then , when we grow up , we actually get to choose someone to
share our lives with; but we also inherit their parents as well. 1’ m glad that this has
worked out for you , but 1 don ’t think that most people get along very well with
their in-laws.
M : Maybe no t. 1 guess that it’s because of some sort of rivalry in their affections. Your
in-laws must love their son very much and can’ t tolerate the notion that he has to
share his love between themselves and you.
F
But they should realize that their interference in our lives makes him unhappy too.
It isn ’ t just me who is hurt by their actions. If they truly loved him , as you say,
they should want him to be happy, not miserable.
M : Yes , you ’ re right, of course. 1 suppose there is nothing you can do about it, though.
But 1 hope you can remember how bad you feel now, when your own chi1 dren get
married. Then maybe their spouses can say how lucky they are to have such a
wonderful mother-in-law!
• to no effect : with no result
• breakthrough : major achievement or success that permits further progress
• disabuse : point out a wrong idea
• compromise : settlement in which each side gives up some of what it wants
• split up : end a relationship
• tolerate : put up with (5th) ; endure
71 }
、."
Sample Answers
(A) To t번 1 people that they will surely succeed if only they study hard is a lie but a necessary
lie. The real truth is that there are no guarantees of success or failure. 50me dedicated,
intelligent people will inexplicably fail despite their ability and hard work, just as good fortune
may shine on a handf비 of lazy, stupid folks who are lucky enough to win a lottery. However,
studying hard is usually a prerequisite for success, and most people who do not study hard
won't go very far in life. But to tell them that would do them 0 disservice; they need to believe
that success will automatically come to them if they are diligent, or they may decide to take a
chance on pure luck.
(B) The only people who believe that money can do everything either have no money or too
much money. The poor use their lack of money to excuse their inability to do things, while
the rich have an inflated idea of their own worth and potent띠1. Everybody else realizes that
money is very useful but has limited utility; the real value lies in courage, ability, perseverance,
intelligence, sociabilitι and many other personal characteristics. 50 telling people that
“ money can do everything" harmf비 Iy distorts the truth .
Speak Your Mind
1. Talk about the lies that people tell most often.
2. What would be a common lie told by:
(a) an ordinary worker?
(b) the boss?
(c) parents?
(d) kids?
(e) the jobless?
(f) husbands to wives?
(g) wives to husbands?
(h) teachers to their students?
(i) a drunk driver stopped by a cop?
(j) a person who is late for an appointment?
(k) someone who didn ’t call his friend right back?
(1) people who get drunk often?
(m) anyone who can't quit smoking?
(n) a man or woman who fails to lose weight?
(0) people who just got fired?
(p) a man who is having an affair?
(q) a woman who is unfaithful to her husband?
3. Do you think white lies are necessary? Why? What would happen if
people stopped telling them?
dedicated : strongly committed to (st비 • inexplicable : impossible to explain • prerequisite : requirement
do (sb) a disservICe : have a bad effect on (sb) • inflated : too high or exaggerated
• potential : possibility to achieve (sth)
• per~eyer.ance : d~t~rmin eâ attitude-that makes one continue trying
• sociability : quality of being sociable
• distort : give a false meaning to; misrepresent
• affair: brief romantic relationship between people • unfaithful: not true to one’s spouse or lover
•
•
73 \
↓二l
1. Talk about the lies that people tell most often.
(A) Mostlι people lie to keep out of trouble. 50 they tell their boss they were late
because their kids were sick and had to be taken to a doctor, or they tell their teacher
that they had done their homework but the dog ate it.
(8) A lot of times people lie because they don't want to hurt needlessly the feelings of
someone else. They think if the other person is happy in his ignorance, why should I
be the one to spoil it for him?
2. What would be a common lie told by:
an ordinary worker?
(A) Even though I' m the hardest working person in the office , everyone
else always gets the promotion or the raise.
(8) I don't think my boss has any idea at all about management . The
whole factory would operate better if he'd listen to the real workers once in
o while - they ’ re the only ones who completely understand the process .
the boss?
(A) The people under me are completely incompet ent as well as lazy. If I'm
not watching them every minute , they'd never do a thing on their own .
(8)
8ecause of circumstances beyond our control , we ' re forced to lay off
20 % of our workforce , reduce the wages of the one s remaining , and
institute firm controls over any future rai ses .
parents?
(A) When I was your age , I thought nothing of going to school all day and
then coming home and working around the house until dark . AII you want
to do is play!
(8) I feel so lucky! Nobody else has such a clever , talented son . I know you
have everything it takes to achieve anything in life you wish .
•
、
•
74 }
•
、.，
•
ignorance : lack of knowledge about (sth) • promotion : advancement to a higher rank, position, or class
raise : increase in wages or salary • once in a while : sometimes
incompetent : not having the abilities or qualifications to do (sth)
institute : establish or organize , or set (sth) in operation; begin • think nothing of : consider (sth) normal
kids?
(A) 1 wish 1 had different parents. Anybody else would do a better job.
Mine never pay any attention to me or my problems; all they care about is
their own situation - until 1 get in trouble at schoo l. Then they perk up!
Then they pretend that they have done everything possible to raise me
right , and it's all my own fault if 1 do things wrong .
(B) Yesterday in math class my teacher couldn't find her answer book , so
she had to try to answer the questions on her own . She got most of the
problems right , but the hardest one in the chapter - the one we all
needed help with the most - she didn ’ t know how to do. Af ter failing to
figure it out twice , she came up with some lame excuse . 1 think she said we
were making too much noise for her to concentrate - something like that ,
anyway . 1 wish the teachers would stop pretending that they always know
everything and admit that they're wrong too sometimes .
the jobless?
(A) Impersonal economic forces are to blame. Any job I've ever had , I've
done it perfectly . It can't be my own fault that I'm out of work .
(B) 1 would have gotten that last job 1 applied for if it hadn't gone to the
owner's brother-in-Iaw instead . 1 certainly was more qualified than he was!
husbands to wives?
(A) Sorry I' m late , Dear , 1 had extra work at the office 1 had to catch up on.
It won ' t happen again!
(B) You're still the most beautiful woman in the world.
wives to husbands?
(A) This dress was on sale . Usually it costs three times as much , so 1
couldn't resist such a good dea l. But don't worry , I'm still well within my
budget this week.
(B) 1 know you work hard , Honey. 1 understand completely when you tell
me you're too tired to go out for dinner and a few drinks after work . 1
don ’ t mind.
teachers to their students?
(A) If you don't an A in my class you will ne ver am ount to anything .
(B) I'm always right! Don ’ t forget it.
•
•
•
•
perk up : become alert ; suddenly pay attention; focus • lame : weak; inadequate; unsatisfactory; clumsy
impersonal : not directed at a specific person • apply for : make an official request for a job
catch up on : do (sth) that should have been done before • resist : keep oneself from giving in or yielding to (sth)
never amount to anything : not ever be successful
Z와
a drunk driver stopped bya cop?
(A) Really , officer , 1 only had one beer . It must be that the cold medicine 1
took has impaired my ability to drive .
(B) I'm sorry , I' ve never driven drunk before in my life . My mother just
died and in my grief 1 lost count of how much 1 drank at the wake. But it' ll
never happen ag ain , 1 swear!
a person who is late for an appointment?
(A) 1 left in plenty of time , but there was an accident on the highway that
slowed me down .
(B) You wouldn't believe what happened! My watch stopped at noon and 1
didn't realize how late it was until just a half hour ago . 1 hope you can
forgive me.
someone who didn ' t call his friend right back?
(A) 1 tried to call , but your phone was busy.
(B) 1 lost your phone number and had to get it from someone else .
people who get drunk often?
(A) 1 don't have a drinking problem . 1 just like to have fun . But 1can quit any time 1
wan t.
(B) The pressure at work and at home is just unbelievable. 1 cope with it as well as 1
can, but sometimes 1 need a little drink to rela x and wind down. Then I'm OK, and 1
can deal with my problems effectively once again.
anyone who can't quit smoking?
(A) I smoke because 1enjoy it. If 1really wanted to quit, 1would .
(B) A man 1 know smoked three packs a day his entire adult life, and he lived to be
97!
、
• impair: damage (sth)
• wake : time b elore a luneral when mourners meet to remember the dead person
76 }
•
、，
•
unbelievable : incredible; unimaginably great
• cope with : succeed in dealing with a difficult problem
wind down : relax after a period 01 excitement or worry
a man or woman who fails to lose weight?
(A) The media put too much attention on the way we look. In realitι people come in all
shapes and sizes, and we should be comfortable with who we really are instead of trying to
meet some impossible image imposed on us by others!
(B) 1don't understand it. 1hardly eat at all , and 1get plenty of exercise. It must be geneti c.
people who just got fired?
(A) My boss had it in for me since the first day I started there. He was just looking for an
excuse to get rid of me.
(B) 1wasn't fired , 1quit!
a man who is having an affair?
(A) 1 never get any attention at home. I'm still in the prime of my life; 1can 't just allow my
sex life to dry up like a raisin. If 1can 't get any loving at home, 1'11 get it somewhere else.
(B) This doesn ’ t mean anything . It's just for kicks. 1still love my wife and wouldn't hurt her
for the world.
a woman who is unfaithful to her husband?
(A) If my man cheats , why shouldn't I? After all , pay back is fair game, right?
(B) I'm bored at home and 1 never see my husband . He's gone all day at work, and he
doesn't get home until after midnigh t. What am 1supposed to do with myself?
have it in for (sb) : want to harm (sb)
prime : time in lile when one is strongest and most active
• raisin : dried grape
• kick : leeling 01 excitement or pleasure
• for the world : under any c ircumstances
• pay back: make (sb) suffer for doi ng (sth) w rong or bad
•
•
?!J
3. Do you think white lies are necessary? Why? What would
happen if people stopped telling them?
M : How do 1 look?
F
You look wonderful , just like always.
M : Did 1 spend too much on my new suit?
F
No , it looks great on you. When you go to that meeting , 1 know you ’II wow them
with your proposals.
M : Afterwards , why don ’t we go somewhere to celebrate?
F
Great! 1’ II wear my new dress. And that new diamond necklace 1just go t.
M : That sounds wonderful! 1’ m glad 1 have your support. Sometimes 1’ m not so sure of
myself, and it’s great to know that you are behind me boosting me all the time.
F
Nonsense. You ’ re always basically on the right track, but you just need a little
nudge from time to time to keep you pointed in the right direction. That’ s all.
M : Are you sure?
F
Of course 1’ m sure!
M : Well , then , maybe now is a good time to test the theory. 1 won ’t be coming home
tonight.
F
Why not? An other late meeting?
M : No , there ’ s no late meeting. There are never any late meetings.
F
wow : impress greatly
• proposal : plan or suggestion that is given formally to an official person or group
boost : make (sb) feel more positive or more confident
• nudge : slight or gentle push
• pointed : directed toward
•
‘
78 }
、."
What are you saying?
•
M : It’s difficult, but 1 want to be completely honest. 1’ m seeing another woman.
F : Wh at!?
M : That’s right. One who never has to lie to me. She doesn ’t just tell me what 1 want
to hear all the time. She loves me for who 1 am, not for who she wants me to be.
F
You foo l! If 1 weren ’t stroking your ego every step of the way, you wouldn ’t be
where you are today. You ’ d just be another washed-up , middle-aged man.
Everything you have , you owe to me!
M : Is that right? You mean everything 1 owe is because of everything you have. 1’ve
worked hard for years just so you can spend all of my money on yoursel f. Your
new dresses and diamonds , indeed!
F
You wouldn ’t have any money if 1 didn ’t guide you all the time. So , leave me , see
if 1 care. Go to your 깨ther woman." See what happens then , when you're 1댐 to
your own devices. But, after you fail , don ’t come begging me for help. It’ s over!
M : You, too. Wh en you don ’t have any of my money to spend any more , don ’t come
back to me for more. 1’m tired of supporting you.
F : An d 1’ m equally tired of all the psychological support 1’ve given you!
• stroke one’ 5 ego : flatter; motivate to become more confident
• washed -up : no longer successf비
• leave (sb) to one ’ 5 own devices : leave (sb) alone and without help
Z히
Sample Answers
(A) The most dangerous device for the modern driver is the cell phone. To use it, one must
take one's hands off the wheel , one's eyes off the road , and one’s mind off the task of driving .
It is no wonder that many countries have banned the use of cell phones by drivers.
(B) Driving in metropolitan traffic is a full-time job. It requires complete concentration and a
clear mind. A driver must be able to react instantly to avoid an accident or to deal with some
unexpected road condition. Even excellent drivers are handicapped behind the wheel if they
are tired or preoccupied with other matters. To drive well , people absolutely must be alert; by
definitioπ tired people are not attentive enough and not quick enough to deal with the everchanging situation on high-speed highways.
Speak Your Mind
1. Are you confident of your driving skills?
2. Who do you think are the best drivers , men or women?
3. Do you obey all the traffic rules?
4. Have you ever dozed at the wheel?
5. Did you ever drive drunk?
6. Do you always buckle up? What do you think about the legal
requirement to use seat be1ts?
7. Have you ever been involved in a traffic accident? Tell what
happened.
8. Would you ride in a car with a friend who has been drinking?
9. Are you ever willing to lend your car to a friend or coworker?
10. What is the traffic rule people break most often?
• ban : prohibit (sb/sth) by law , decree , or rule; forbid
• metropolitan : relating to a very large city
• handicapped : not able f비 Iy to use paπ of one ’ s body or mind
• alert : paying complete attention; wide awake
• by definition : as a paπ of the basic nature of (sth)
-+doze : sleep for a short time
•
buckle up : fasten your seat belt in a car , airplane , etc.
、
81 }
1. Are you confident of your driving skills?
(A) I’ ve been driving since I was twenty-two years old , and I’ve never had an accident
and I've never even had a ticket. But that is because I get scared every time I get
behind the whee l. Because I'm so afraid , I take pains to be extra carefu l. I'm sure that
if I ever relaxed while driving , I would soon get involved in some sort of traffic
inciden t. I just hope it never happens.
(B) Yes , I'm pretty confiden t. I got perfect scores on my driving tests, and I have very
fast reflexes. I don't understand what all the fuss is abou t. People make driving much
more difficult and nerve-wracking than it needs to be. If fewer people were so tense on
the highways, it would be a lot less dangerous.
2. Who do you think are the best drivers, men or women?
(A) It has been shown that men have faster reflexes and more driving experience
than women , so on average they are better drivers. Women are too slow and too
careful due to their lack of confidence and ability, and these attitudes cause a lot of
accidents.
(B) Women may perhaps have slower reflexeι though I doubt if that is actually true.
But men are overconfident that they can react in a timely matter to any traffic
situation , so they are far too fa st and too careless. That is why they are involved in
more accidents and why their insurance rates are higher. Slow and caref비 are clearly
more appropriate attitudes than speedy and reckless .
3. Do you obey all the traffic rules?
(A) I try to. But I must admit that sometimes I break the speed limit if there is not
much traffic and the weather is clea r. But I haven't got caught yet, and I don't have
any tickets, so , officially, I never break the rules .
(B) I get very frustrated on the road when most of the other drivers are going too fast,
weaving in and out of traffic, or doing other things in violation of the law. But they
get to their destinations much more quickly than I do, so I am penalized by following
the rules . But, sometimes I feel I have no choice but to drive like my competitors.
"When in Rome, do as the Romans do." If everyone else drove like he is supposed to,
then I would too.
4. Have you ever dozed at the wheel?
(A) Once I caught myself napping on the road . I could not have been asleep long ,
• ticket : notice of fine give n for a traffic violati on
• take (great) pains : do (sth) w ith a lot of care or effort
• reflex : way of reacting to (sth) very quickly
• fuss : unnecessary worry or excitement about (sth)
82 \ • nerve-wracking : makin g one ve 매 nervous or worried ; tense; bein g not relaxed
• 。 n average : usually; typically
~ • due to : because of
• frustrated : upset and impatient
• weave : move back and forth ; zigzag
• penalize : make (sb) suffer a penalty , as for breaking a law or rule
• nap : brief sleep
probably only for a nanosecond or so , since nothing serious happened. But the
experience sure did wake me up! I was so scared I had to pull over to the side of the
road to recuperate. After a few minutes , I was back to normal , so I was able to start
driving again , but I took the next exit and got some coffee!
(B) I've been lucky , I guess . There have been many times when I've had to
consciously force myself to stay awake while driving . On those occasions , I turn my
radio up loud, drink COffee , roll down the windows to let the cold air in, anything I
can to stay awake. But I can just feel my eyelids slipping down over my eyes.
5. Did you ever drive drunk?
(A) Absolutely not! There is nothing more stupid than that. If I'm under the influence
of alcohol , I' m not only endangering my own car and my own life, and the lives of
the other people in my car, but I'm also threatening the lives of innocent people, even
children , by my actions. Drinking slows down our reflexes, makes us sleepy, interferes
with our vision , and dep끼ves us of our reasoning facilities. Any one of these conditions
is enough to make an accident likely, but all of them happening at the same time
practically guarantees one.
(B) Absolutely not! I confess that I have driven after drinking, but I've never driven
when I was intoxicated. Having a few drinks does not automatically make someone
unfit to drive; it is an attitude as much as it is a physical condition , and everyone
reacts differently to alcoho l. For some people, a single beer is enough to impair their
judgment and make them bad driving risks, but others can safely handle a lot more.
So , I' m not worried about my ability to handle my liquo r.
6. Do you always buckle up? What do you think about the legal
requirement to use seat belts?
(A) Seat belt laws are an infringement of my personal libertι just like motorcycle
helmet laws. If I want to imperil my own life, it is entirely my own business. If I have an
accident and get badly injured or killed because I chose not to buckle up, then I have
suffered the consequences of my own bad decision. But I haverγt hurt anyone else by
my foolishness, so it isn't any one else’s concern .
(B) Buckling up is the best insurance we have. Even if I drive perfectly, I'm not always
able to avoid the actions of bad drivers around me; and , of course , sometimes
accidents happen even to good drivers. There's an old joke about the most dangerous
part of the car being "the nut behind the wheel ," but if that's true, then the "seat belt
on the lap" is the best protection against that nut.
7. Have you ever been involved in a traffic accident? Tell what happened.
(A) When I was very young , our car was hit by a young man driving too fa st. He was
thrown over our hood and into a concrete wall and was killed instantly . My mother
•
•
•
•
•
pull over : drive to the side 01 the road to stop
• recuperate : return to a normal condition
exit : small road that allows you to drive 011 a highway
• deprive : take (sth) away Irom (s b/st비
facility : natural ability to do-or learn (sth) easily-and well
• intoxicated : drunk
infringe : limit or reduce (sb’s) regal rights or freedom
imperil : endanger
• nut : crazy person
~
was also seriously injured and had to spend many weeks in the hospita l. She never did
recover and had headaches and back problems for the rest of her life. The rest of
us in my family were relatively lucky, though: we had a lot of bruises and a few broken
bones, but we recovered pretty quickly. Nevertheless, I cannot get that experience
out of my mind; it haunts me every time I get into a car.
f비 Iy
(B) I've never been in an accident, but I've driven by some pretty ferocious ones. It's
hard to get over seeing a ton of steel twisted beyond recognition , with bodies
unconscious in the wreckage or Iying on the ground. The blood and the moans are
the stuff of nightmares. 1'11 tell you , whenever I witness the aftermath of a serious
accident, I suddenly become much more thorough about driving defensively than 1
was just before 1 saw it. It never ceases to amaze me how, instead of slowing down
and driving more reasonably, other drivers just speed by these scenes of carnage and
drive even more recklessly than before.
8. Would you ride in a car with a friend who has been drinking?
(A) 1 would never go home with a drunk, but if I thought my friend was still pretty
sober 1 would risk it. A drink or two over the course of several hours should not
seriously impair anyone's ability to drive.
(B) 1 would never ride with someone who had had even one drink. The risks are too
great. But 1would not let him or her drive home alone , either. 1 would drive him, or
her, home myself in his or her car, and then 1would take a taxi home. Or 1would put
him or her into a taxi or hire someone else to drive him or her home. It’ s not just my
own life that I' m concerned with protecting , after all , but the well-being of my friend
as wel l.
9. Are you ever willing to lend your car to a friend or coworker?
(A) There are some people whom I would not trust with my ca r. After all , it is a
valuable piece of property , and it would be expensive to repair if something
happened . But there are some people whose judgment and ability 1 respect. If a
responsible friend needed to borrow my car, I would gladly comply. That's what
friends are for, after all , and I know they would do the same for me.
(B) Never, never, never would 1 let anyone drive my car unless that person were
co vered by the appropriate insurance , and then only under the most dire
circumstances. Not even my wife, not even my son , not even my best friend . The only
exception I can think of is if 1 were injured or sick and unable to drive myself; then I
would allow someone else to drive me to the hospital!
• bruise : mark on the body from being hit or knocked agai nst (sth) • haunt : come to (one's mind) co ntinually
• ferocious : extreme; intense; severe • beyond recognition : in a way that makes it impossible to identify it
84 } • wreckage : what remains after it has been severely damaged 녕ftermath : consequence o"r result
、.‘’ • thorough : extremely accurate or careful
‘
10. What is the traffic rule people break most often?
F
Don’t drive so fast!
M : 1’ m not going any faster than anyone else. 1’ m only keeping up with the flow of
traffic.
F
But you ’re still over the speed limit. Slow down.
M : IfI’ m too slow 1 run the risk of being rear-eηded by a fast car behind me. It’s better
to go the same speed as everyone else.
F
I' m not in any hurry to get where we ’re going. There ’s no degree of being late that
can compare to being dead! 1’ d rather be alive and a little late than never to get
there at a11.
M : Don ’t worry. Everything is fine. The weather is good, the car is operating perfectly,
and 1’ m in complete control of the situation.
F
Ifyou’ re not going to slow down , let me out. 1 refuse to ride with an
outlaψ.
M : An outlaw?
F
Yes , absolutely. you know what the speed limit is and
you refuse to abide by it. That is deliberately breaking
the law! Let me out, you criminal!
M : OK, OK, you win. 1’II slow down. Now, are you satisfied?
F
Just keep at the speed limit or below and 1’11 be happy.
M : At least 1 don ’ t race the other cars. 1 don ’ t feel like my
manhood is threatened just because someone passes me.
F
No , 1 didn ’t say you were a terrible driver. But sometimes
you ’re too fas t. 1 don ’t want to get a ticket and 1 don ’t
want to take risks.
M : OK, 1 promise to try to do better. But 1 think you worry
too much.
• carnage : situation in which there is a lot of death and destruction • sober : not drunk
• comply : do what must be done or what is requested • covered : included • di re : very severe or serious
• rear.end : drive into the back of another car • degree of being late : amount of lateness
→ 。 utlaw : person who repeatedly disobeys the law • abide by : accept and obey (sth) • manhood : male qualities
§띄
Sample Answers
(A) When 1 got married, my wife and 1 made it a point to eat out once a week. We didn ’ t
have to go to an expensive restaurant - that was for special occasions - but we avoided the
fast-food places. We'd go someplace quiet and get a table alone, and later with the kids. And
we'd relax and talk about pointless things , just to enjoy being together. But then our
schedules changed , and it became harder to eat out every week, and we lost a lot of th~
intimacy we once had. Eventually we broke up. 1 don't think we got a divorce because we
didn't eat out very much any more, but 1think if we had continued to do so we would have
had a better chance of staying togethe r.
(B) I'm sorry to say it, but mý wife is a terrible cook. 5he can't even boil water successf비 ly . 50
if we didn't regularly go out to eat, the whole family would either starve to death or die of
food poisoning .
Speak Your Mind
1. How often do you eat out?
2.
、'\There
do you usually go when you dine out?
3. Who decides what to eat?
4. Does the expense matter when you go to a restaurant? Why or
why not?
5. Do you always eat out on a special day? Why or why not?
6. Explain why the number of people who eat out is on the rise.
• pointless : meaningless
• intimacy : c lose personal relalionship
• break up : end a perso nal relal ionship ; come 10 an end
~
1. How often do you eat out?
(A)
I hardly ever eat out. I pack a lunch at home, and I almost always fix my own
breakfast and dinne r. As far as I'm concerned , eating out is just a needless expense. I
can use the money for more important things.
(B)
I hardly ever eat at home: I' m really never there at mealtimes. I used to eat breakfast
at home, but now I just skip it entirely and sleep a little late r. But I have to eat lunch
during my noon break, and I'm not anywhere close to home then . And after work I
usually eat out for business reasons . My wife would like to eat out more often , but for
me it's just paπ of the routine - for me, eating at home is a special occasion 011 its
own.
2. Where do you usually go when you dine out?
(A)
Maybe I'm in 0 rut, but I always go to the same little restaurant near my house. It's a
very pleasant little walk to get there , the food is always delicious, the price is right,
and the people who work there all know me and go out of their way to help me enjoy
my mea l. Some people asks me why I don't try someplace else for a change, but I
always tell them , "Why? What can I get elsewhere else that I don 't already have
here?"
(B)
I like the adventure of finding some new place to ea t. So I'm constantly trying new
foods and different ombiences. Whenever I find one I really like, 1'11 go back again , of
course, and keep rotating among my favorite ones. But, at the same time, I continue
to ferret out new experiences too. After all , voriety is the spice of life.
skip : avoid having (sth); pass up (sth)
• all its own : uniquely; like no other
in a rut : living or working in a situation that never changes, so one feels bored
• ambience : atmosphere or mood surrounding a person , place , or thing
• ferret out : search for (sth); hunt for
• variety is the spice of life : different experiences and situations rnake life enj oyable or interesting
•
‘
88 }
、..，
•
3. Who decides what to eat?
(A)
I'm the man of the house, so 1 have the responsibility of choosing the menu. 1 have to
make sure the wine is suitable and that the food is cooked properly. 1 also need to
consider the different dietary needs of the individual family members. As a result of
my vast experience in eating and making choices , 1 consider myself a genuine
gourman이 and 1 would feel very hurt if my family didn't let me make these simple
decisions on their behalf.
(B)
1 don't understand the question. When we go out to eat, we all talk about the menu
and what sounds good, but we all make our own individual choices. 50metimes we
end up getting the same thing , but that’ s very unusua l. One nice thing about doing it
this way is that we can also sample each other's food and therefore get a little more
variety.
4. Dges th~ expense matter when you 90 to a restaurant? Why or
why not?
(A)
It all depends. Once in a while, for some very special occasion , we' lI deliberately go to
a very expensive restaurant; and of course , on business, we' lI always go there. But
usually, we don't worry about how much it's going to cost. Good things are never
cheap, and we want to live life to the fullest. But at the same time , it’ s silly to spend
lots of money on these things all the time. 50 , 1would say that we never consciously
worry about how much we ’ re spending on food and drinks, but we don ’t get the
most expensive items on the menu, either.
(B)
Unfortunately, expense does matte r. 1 like to eat out, but 1 can't afford to go to the
best eateries every day. 50 1 go to inexpensive restaurants with good food very often ,
rather than going infrequently to the so-called top restaurants. Usually, the food and
atmosphere are not significantly better, anyway.
gourmand : (sb) who enjoys good food and wine
to the fullest : as much as possible
• eatery : restaurant
• infrequent : not happening very often
•
•
~
5. Do you always eat out on a special day? Why or why not?
(A)
Of course. Eating out helps make it special! If we did the same things we do every
day, then that day would be just like all the others , right? In fact, we make 0 real big
deal about it. We dress up in our finest, hire a limousine, go to the best restaurant in
town , and order the house spe디 alty . Then we'll go out dancing afterwards , maybe to
a nice nightclub. 1always say, if you ' re going to celebrate something , go al! the way!
(B)
What do you mean by 앙 pecial"? Some special days, like Christmas or Thanksgiving or
the New Year, are meant to be a time of sharing the occasion with the extended
family at home, so of course we don't go out at those times. Others, like a wedding
anniversary, are supposed to be more intimate, so we ’ 11 celebrate those by eating ou t.
Things like birthdays - well , it varies. For the kids , sometimes we'll have a party at
home, and sometimes we'll have a party at a fa st-food r~stauran t. If it's my own
birthday, I'd rather just enjoy a special meal prepared by loving wife, and if it's my
wife's birthday 1'11 either fix her something she enjoys or we'll go to a nice place
together. It all depends on the circumstance, and it's nice to celebrate in different
ways instead of doing the same thing every single time.
make a big deal : behave as though (sth) is very important
go all the way : don’ t restrain oneself
• intimate : very perso nal; private
•
、
90 }
•
6. Explain why the number of people who eat out is on the rise.
F
My, this place is crowded!
M : Yes. 1 can remember when we ’ d come here and be almost alone.
F
1 wonder what’s happened.
M : Commerce is picking up , 1 guess , so a lot of businesses are probably taking
prospective c1 ients out more often. The food here is always good , so they come
here.
F : That ’ s probably true. An d 1 suppose that, as more and more women work, they
don ’ t have the time to cook at home , so they go out to ea t.
M : Righ t. And also , 1 suspect that a lot of modem women never leamed how to cook
properly, so they are forced to eat out.
F
Unfortunately, 1 think you ’ re right.
M : Yes , and so some of them, the ones who couldn ’t cook, saw their marriages break
up. And so there are a lot more single people these days , and most of them don ’t
want to go to the trouble of fixing their own meals by themselves. It’s just a lot
more convenient for them to eat out.
F
What about us? Why do we eat out?
M : 50 we can share a nice experience together and keep our romance alive.
F
1 was hoping you ’ d say that!
M : 1 suspected it was a test. 1’ m glad 1 passed.
F
50 , let’ s eat!
MoN 1\) 1:: \N f\)
羅
lVI 6。 끼
llI JG
9 -、l3、0/ 4// ~
/3
/6 앵톨활 18
그츠
24
2-5
14-
왼/ 2그
휠풀 2익
30
•
•
•
commerce : business
pick up : become stronger
prospective : likely
~
Sample Answers
(A)
This is hard! Sometimes neither choice is quite righ t. For instance, with my close friends I'm
very outgoing and friendly, but I'm usually a bit shy and reticent among strangers. Which is
the real me?
(B)
|’ m definitely the Leader type. I guess that fits my other choices such as Self-Reliant, Realistiι
and Socia l. But I wonder, am I really Boas야ul? I know I' m not falseι Modest very often , but I
would prefer to describe myself as Honest rather than Boastfu l. But this list sure does give me
a lot to think about in my self-evaluation.
Speak Your Mind
1. Who do you think knows you the best? Why?
2. What makes you the proudest of yourself?
3. What makes you the most disappointed with yourself?
4. Li st three things you should change to improve yourself.
S. A sense of humor is often considered important for (ostering
better relationships with others. Why?
•
•
•
•
fit : be appropriate or right for (sth)
falsely : not really
self-evaluation (self-assessment) : analysis of oneself or one’s actions and attitudes
foster : help (sth) to grow or develop
~
1. Who do you think knows you the best? Why?
(A)
I know myself better than anyone else, because I' m the only one I can't hide my
thoughts from . I'm with me 24 hours a day. Plus , I'm very introspective. Sometimes all
this self-knowledge makes me a little lonely, but mostly I'm glad nobody else can f비 Iy
know the real me - sometimes that would be really embarrassing!
(B)
I guess my mother knows me the bes t. Even before I was born , she's been with me.
AII during my growing up, she has kept constant tabs on me, talking to me, asking me
personal questions, pushing and prodding me to do bette r. I think she knows what I'm
going to do or say even before I do, but I know she's always behind me.
2. What makes you the proudest of yourself?
(A)
Anytime I am faced with a difficult decision and I work my way to the correct choice ,
I'm very proud of my intelligence and determination and extremely glad that my
parents instilled such a strong sense of values in me. I may never be a millionaire or
president, but I'm pretty sure 1'11 always be a good person .
(B)
Whenever I score a goal , I feel like I'm the best athlete on my team. But I guess it
balances out when I get a penalty or miss an easy sho t. So I guess I' m not perfect, yet.
introspective : tending to examine one’s own thoughts and feelings
embarrassing : making one feel nervous, ashamed, or stupid
94 ) • keep tabs on (sb) : watch (sb) carefully to check what he or she is doing
• prod : stir (sb) to action; urge
:.J • behind : supporting
• instill : teach (sb) a way of thinking or behaving over a long period of time
• balance out : equalize
•
•
3. What makes you the most disappointed with yourself?
(A)
If someone 1 meet doesn't like me right away, 1 can't help but feel hurt. Did 1 say
something to offend that person? Do 1 have a bad attitude? However, once that
person gets to know me we usually become very good friends. 1 still wonder why 1
didn't connect with the others, though.
(B)
Sometimes 1 study extremely hard for a test and then don't like the grade 1 get. Part
of it is the teacher's fault for not f비 Iy disclosing what we' re going to be tested on. But
sometimes the test is just too hard , and 1 need more time to st udy for it or to take it. 1
wish 1 were as smart as others in my class . But 1’ 11 keep working at my studies until 1
get them righ t. 1 refuse to give up.
4. Li st three things you should change to improve yourself.
(A)
Only three? 1 think 1 need help in a lot more areas than that! But, let's see: 1 should
lose some weight and exercise more. That's obvious. 1think 1could study harder. And 1
need to show my friends and family that 1appreciate them more.
(B)
|’ ve thought about this very seriously, but, really , 1 can 't think of anything I'm really
deficient in . 1 know 1 could make marginal improvements everywhere, because 1 know
I'm not perfect. But for the most part 1 like the way I am , and other people, including
my friends and my family, seem to like me that way too.
•
•
•
•
disclose : make known (sth)
obvious : easily seen or understood; evident
deficient : not enough ; insufficient
marginal : very small
~
5. A sense of humor is often considered important for fostering
better relationships with others. Why?
M : Do you think 1’ m humor1ess?
F
Sometimes, maybe , but usua11y you see the funny side of things. 1 don ’t think you
take life or yourse1f too serious1y, but you aren ’t irresponsib1e either.
M : 1’ m glad to hear you say that. Late1y, people seem to think that 1’ m too tense. 1
guess maybe 1’ m working too hard.
F
We a11 need to relax sometimes. But maybe even more important: we need to be
ab1e to get others to relax with us. If being with us makes everyone else feel
nervous , no one will want to be in our presence, and we’11 never have close friends.
M : That’s true. But if someone ’s always a clown and is constant1y the life of the party,
10ts of people may want to be with that person , but they won ’t take him very
serious1y. He ’ 11 be more 1ike a pet pood1e than anything e1se.
F : It’s not just acting silly and te11ing jokes we11 that matters. Having a good sense of
humor means being ab1e to accept setbacks as part of life and not geπing down
about the bad things. A smile is a1ways a better solution than suicide.
M : But sometimes we need to do the hard work to succeed , even if it is not a11 fun and
games. A pleasant mediocrity is still just a mediocrity. 1 don ’t see how anyone can
be content with 1aughing at his or her own failures - it’s not funny!
F
But peop1e who can ’t 1augh at their own absurdities can never overcome them. We
a11 need to realize how imperfect we are and then do the best we can. If we fail
sometimes, people won ’t think worse of us for it, and when we succeed they won ’t
resent us. In either case, we’ 11 be much happier about it.
tense : feeling very nervous and worried
• matter : be important
setback : problem that delays or stops progress or makes a situation worse
96 ~ • get down : start feeling sad and/or los잉매
Irr
ι」‘
l
’ • med
이iocαrity : qua
히litηityι’ ab
비…씨
illityι’ orac
야비
h1끼’levemen
띠
1끼t that 녕
i s average or be
허low
• content : happy and satisfied
• absurdity : state of being ridiculous or wildly unreasonable
• resent : feel angry at
•
•
M : You seem to have thought this through pretty thoroughly.
F : Well , 1 guess it’s because 1’ve fallen down enough times to realize that it hurts too
much ifI can ’t laugh about it at the time.
~
Sample Answers
(A) Because I love my husband , I don ’ t want him to get hurt. But he drives much too fast,
and I' m afraid it’ s just a matter of time before he causes a serious acciden t. Nothing I say
seems to make any difference, and I refuse to ride with him or to let our children travel with
him in our ca r. I only pray that he doesn ’ t hurt himself or any one else too badly when the
crash comes, and that maybe then he will finally learn his lesson.
(B) My girl friend just doesn't understand me. AII she really cares about is herself; everything
else is second. Don't get me wrong: I love her, and she has many wonderful qualities. She's
honest, intelligent, and fun to be with. But I wish she could be a little less demanding and a
little more sensitive about my moods and desires.
Speak Your Mind
1. Would you want a sweetheart who is cheap? Why or why not?
2. Would you want your sweetheart to be a workaholic? Why or why
not?
3. Have you ever tried to persuade your sweetheart to get rid of his or her
bad habits? Did you succeed?
4. What are the most common bad habits men have?
5. What are the most common bad habits women have?
6. What are the most common bad habits old people have?
7. What are your sweetheart ’s best character traits?
8. Talk about your own good and bad habits.
9. Why is it important to have good habits? How can we acquire them?
10. Many people look forward to the new year as a new start on getting rid
of old habits. Have you ever made New Year's resolutions? What were
they? What happened?
• demanding : requiring much time , effort , or attention
•
•
look forward to : feel happy and excited about (sth) that is going to happen
resolution : decision to do (sth)
~
1. Would you want a sweetheart who is cheap? Why or why not?
(A) I used to get upset if my date didn ’t want to spend much money on me. I took it
as an insul t. But now that I found a “ cheap Charlie" that I want to marry, I realize that
if we spend all his money now, we won't have any in the future. I'm glad I have such
a wise , practical boyfriend.
(B) I understand if I'm on a date with a poor man who can't spend much money.
After all , there are inexpensive, enjoyable things to do, so it is possible to have a good
time without bankrupting him . But I could never marry someone like tha t: I don ’t
want to be poor my whole life. 50 , if someone shows he loves me by spending a lot of
money on me, I can guess that I wouldn't have to worry about my financial future if I
marry him.
2. Would you want your sweetheart to be a workaholic? Why or
why not?
(A) I want my sweetheart to be preoccupied with me , not with work. Mutual
attention and care are much better than a detached relationship and a proηtable
situation. I could never be happy with someone who put possessions over personal
relationships.
(B) I admire workaholics. They are energetic , focused , dedicated, and successfu l.
These are the people who make important things happen and gain the respect of
others. Being married to one might be a little lonely sometimes , but that would be a
small price to pay to be associated with someone of such talent and stature.
3. Have you ever tried to persuade your sweetheart to get rid of his
or her bad habits? Did you succeed?
(A) I nagged my husband about exercising more for ten years. I knew he would feel
better and look better, and I'd feel happier when I was with him if he could cut a more
dashing figure. But he wouldn't listen to me, no matter how hard I tried. 50 we got a
divorce. Now he doesn't have to listen to my complaints , and I can spend my time
with a handsome man .
(B) My sweetheart's bad habits are part of the package. I fell in love with the whole
person , negatives as well as positives. I'm afraid if she changed her habits she'd
‘
100}
•
•
•
'" •
detached : without emotional involvement • profitable : financially rewarding • possession : (sth) that is owned
dedicated : strongly commitled to (sth) • stature : amount of public respect or popularity
nag : bother or annoy (sb) by complaining or sc이ding • dashing : atlractive and fashionable
cut a figure : present oneself • package : combination of related paπs
become someone different, and I'd lose my desire for he r. Or she'd stop loving me.
4 . What are the most common bad habits men have?
(A) Too many men are only interested in sex. There are many other bases for a close ,
intimate relationship. After all , women have brains and personalities , not just breasts
and genitals.
(B) A lot of men are too focused on their jobs and on spending time with their male
colleagues after work, rather than sharing their lives with their wife and children at
home.
5. What are the most common bad habits women have?
(A) Off the top of my head, I think women gossip too much. They want to share all the
secret details of other people's lives, even if those details are not true. I'm glad men
aren't like that!
(B) A woman will change her hair color or wear a wig. She will have surgery done on
her breasts , nose, eyes, or other body parts to make herself more attractive. She will
spend a fortune on cosmetics to hide her true appearance , and wear clothes that
cambuflage her physical defects. To look taller, she will wear long heels even though
they are uncomfortable and unhealthy. And , then , she will complain that she can't
find a “ real man."
6. What are the most common bad habits old people have?
(A) Old folks reminisce too much about the pas t. They talk about people I never heard
of and events that happened before I was born , as though any of these things are
important to me. I can't understand why they don't live in the present, like the rest of
us.
(B) I wish the old people I know would act their own age instead of pretending to be
kids. It is not suitable for them to try to act as foolishly as their own kids , wearing only
the newest fashions whether they look good in them or not, dancing , drinking , and
carrying on. How can they earn our respect unless they behave properly?
7. What are your sweetheart's best character traits?
(A) It's hard to say. She's pe 바ect. But I guess her outstanding characteristic is her
good sense of humo r. No matter what happens, she's upbeat and optimistic , and just
being with her makes me feel that way too.
bases : plural form of basis • off the top of one’5 head : say immediately and without thinking very much
gossip : talk about other people, esp. negatively • wig : artificial hair • fortune : very large amount of money
~ camouflage : hide (sth)
• defect : fa비t
• re ,r:n inis c: e, :"remember and t~ lkab o ut pa~t experiences and events
• act one ’ 5 age : be sensible (and stop behaving like a child)
• carry on : behave in a f。이 i s h manner
• upbeat : happy and positive
•
•
101 )
~
(B) My boyfriend is very understanding. I know sometimes I can be pretty hard to
handle. My moods change quickly and I have a lot on my mind . But no matter what,
he's on my side. Nothing gets him down or disappoints him. I' m very fortunate to
have someone like him , whom I can always count on.
8. Talk about your own good and bad habits.
(A) I guess I'm too shy. Talking doesn't come easily to me, especially when I'm
among strangers. I don't like to draw attention to myself. But I'm a good listener, and
I think I'm sensitive to other people's feelings . 50 I can be a good , loyal friend to
people who know me wel l.
(B) I'm not pe 바ect， but I don't have any serious bad habits eithe r. I'm intelligent,
funny, hard-working , and ambitious. Most people say I have a dynamic personality,
and I'm pop 비 ar with members of both sexes . 50me people seem to think I'm
conceited, but they're wrong.
9. Why is it important to have good habits? How can we acquire them?
(A) Good habits , and bad ones too , usually sneak up on us . We do something
unconsciously when we're not paying attention , and pretty soon we are doing it all
the time. It's very hard to train ourselves to acquire good habits or to get rid of bad
ones.
(B) Good habits help us to achieve our goals and be happier, better people; bad
habits get in our way. 50 we need to be constantly vigilant about our behavior. If we
see the need to get up early every day, for example, we need to dβcψline ourselves to
go to bed early and to stop lingering in bed after we wake up. This can be hard ,
especially if we are used to being lazy in the morning , but it only takes a few weeks of
iron discipline and it becomes habitua l. I don't understand people who say it's hard to
get good habits; I don't think they ever try. I guess their will power isn't as strong as
their "won't power."
•
•
102} •
'-' •
、
count on : de pend on (sb/slh)
• conceited : having 100 muc h pride in one’ s abililies , appearance el c.
sneak up : come close 10 (sb) ve ry q 미 elly
• vigilant : aware of w hal is happening; wal chful
discipline : conlrol one ’ s behavior
• linger : sl ay so mewhere a little longer
iron : very hard , sl rong , or del ermined
10. Many people look forward to the new year as a new start on
getting rid of old habits. Have you ever made New Year's
resolutions? What were they? What happened?
F
What are your New Year’s resolutions this year?
M : If 1 tell you , they won ’t come true.
F
Don ’t be silly! Ifyou tell me , maybe 1 can help you achieve them.
M : Well , OK. 1 want to lose some weight. Can you help me with that?
F
Sure! Just start coming to my house to eat. 1’ m a terrible cook, so you won ’ t have
much appetite.
M : 1 also want to improve my vocabulary, but 1 don ’ t read very much. What can 1 do?
F
1 suggest that you listen to me more. 1 love to talk and 1 know lots of words!
M : Last year 1 tried to quit smoking , but it didn ’ t work out. 1 did fine for about a week,
but then 1 started up again. What could you have done to help me then?
F
Usually people smoke in certain situations , for example when they are in a bar
drinking with their friends. So you should have avoided those CÎrcumstances and
done something else , such as going to a restaurant or a movie with me.
M : Wh at about you? Did you make any resolutions?
F
1 swore 1 would do my best to get you to
spend more time with me so we could
get doser.
M : Really? 1 think it’ s working.
• appetite : natural leeling 01 wanting to eat
• work out : deal with a problem in a satislactory way
• start up a gain: resume
~
Sample Answers
(A)
There is only one thing people need to know to lose weight: they have to burn more calories
every day than they store. Usually, this means getting more exercise and eating less. But no
matter how one accomplishes it, it is entirely a mathematical process.
(B)
Most fad diets work , for a while, often with very dramatic res비ts over a short period of time.
But most followers soon reveπ to their old habits, and their weight goes back to the old levels.
Even in the case of sensible diets, the pattern is usually good progress at first, but then the
curve begins to flatten as the body adjusts to the new foods it is consuming. In fact, even
extreme solutions such as 1ψosuction often fail , because people do not change their lifestyles
sufficiently.
Speak Your Mind
1. Are you worried about your weight? Why or why not?
2. Is it easy for you to stay fi간 Why or why not?
3. Do you know any good way to lose weight?
4. Ordinary people , especially men , gain weight after getting
married. Do you have any ideas why?
5. Talk about problems caused by being overweight.
6. Do you know that many people still suffer from being
abnormally underweight? What is a good way to gain weight?
7. Who do you think is more self-conscious about their weight ,
males or females? Why?
• store : keep (sth) in a particular place
• fad : (sth) that is popular or lashionable lor only a short time
work : succeed
• revert to : return to a previous state or way 01 behaving
• liposuction : medical operation to remove l at from a paπ 01 (one’ s) body
• fit : be the right size and shape for (sb)
•
1땅
1. Are you worried about your weight? Why or why not?
(A)
I've never cared what I looked like, and I have never weighed myself in my life. The
marketers have convinced us that beautiful people have to be thin , but that idea is
nonsense! A lot of very fat people have exuberant personalities and are in great health;
they are more beautiful by far than the desperate, skinny people who are held up as
the idea l. The human body naturally comes in a wide variety of shapes, and none of
them is superior to any of the others.
(B)
No matter what anyone says, fat people tend to have more health problems and live
shorter lives than thin people. They are also less photogenic and , whether it should be
the case or not, are discriminated agains t. Fat people are regarded as lazy, complacent,
and self니ndulgent， while thin people are thought of as being dedicated , ambitious,
and focused . 50, naturally, I prefer being thin .
2. Is it easy for you to stay fit? Why or why not?
(A)
Ever since I was a teenager, I've led an active physical life . The sport may have
changed over time - from tennis to golf to swimming - but I've always spent many
hours a week devoted to it. I walk a lot, and I take the steps instead of the escalator.
50, staying fit has never been a problem.
(B)
I used to be a star athlete , but when I grew up to be a responsible adult I became a
lot more sedentary. I spend most of my time these days in my car or on a bus or
subway going to or from work or a meeting , and then I'm at a desk all day, and
afterwards I'm in a coffee shop or bar with my friends before going home. By then ,
|’ m too tired to do much more than watch television or read a magazine. I simply
don't have enough time or energy any more to go to the gym regularly, though I
miss the old days of physical action .
•
、
106}
•
•
、.‘’ •
exuberan t: happy, excited, and full of energy • hold up : display; present as the example
photogenic : always looking at! ractive in photographs • complacent : pleased or contented with oneself; self'satisfied
self-indulgent : doing or tending to do exactly what one wants, esp. when this i nv미ves pleasure or idleness
sedentary : inactive
3. Do you know any good way to lose weight?
(A)
It’ s just a matter of will power, actually. Instead of eating three meals a day, gradually
cut down to only two. At first, just do this once or twice a week, and then make it
every other day , and then limit your three-meal days to just twice a week , and
eventually, over the course of two or three months , just eat two meals every day. If
you want to lose even more weight, gradually drop down to one meal a day - but
not every day! And , of course, you've got to quit that late-night snack - just before
bedtime is absolutely the worst time to ea t.
(B)
Most people think the key to weight loss is to eat fewer meals , but actually it is the
reverse. Instead of consuming two or three large meals every day, people should eat
four, five , six, or more small meals. Perhaps on a typical day, one might eat an apple
for breakfast, a light snack in midmorning , some vegetables at noon , a sandwich in
the afternoon , and a nice steak at nigh t. Variety is important, to make sure we get
enough from every food group , but there is no reason not to continue eating the
things we most enjoy.
4 . Ordinary people , especially men , gain weight after getting
married. Do you have any ideas why?
(A)
1 hope that the reason is because their wives are good cooks who overfeed their
husbands because they love them. But the real reason is probably that, for both men
and women , once they are married they don't need to work so hard to attract a mate
and more, so they don't watch their appearance as much.
(B)
As people get older, most of them experience a slower metabolism. They are less
active physically than when they were younger, and the body stores more calories in
the form of fat than it burns off. This may be more true for men , since so many of
them are office workers who don't move around as much , while nonworking women
tend to be on the move more , shopping , cooking , doing the housework, and so forth.
•
•
reverse : opposite or contrary of (sth)
metabolism : burning of energy by a living being
1떼
5.Talk about problems caused by being overweigh t.
(A)
Health is the biggest problem. Muscle tone and flexibility decline. More stress is put on
the heart. Arteries get clogged up, leading to strokes and heart attacks. Even sexual
dysfu nction is related to obesity. AII of these problems are further aggravated by
smoking and drinking .
(B)
To be fat means being less desirable to others. The beautiful , thin people are always
the most pop비 ar. They get more dates - and the most desirable mates. At school ,
their grades are higher, and at work they make more money. It's not fair, and I wish I
could be like tha t.
6. Do you know that many people still suffer from being abnormally
underweight? What is a good way to gain weight?
(A)
Eating a lot of carbohydrates and protein should add weight rather quickly. This
doesn't mean the person will become fat , as long as the dieter takes care to do lots of
muscle-building exercise every day.
(B)
My
recψe
for weight gain is to go to lots of parties. The food and the alcohol will soon
do the trick, and it's a very enjoyable way to spend one's time.
• flexible : adaptable • clog up : block (sth) or become bl ocked
→ 。 besity : being too fat • aggravate : make (sth) worse
108 • recipe : formula for accomplishing {st비
、..， • do the trick : solve a problem or provide what is needed to get a good result
、
7. Wh.o do you ~hLn.~.!s rnore self-conscious about their weight,
males or females? Why?
F
You men are lucky!
M : Why do you think so?
F
The ads , the movies , TV, videos - all the media focus on beautiful women being as
skinny as poles! Men are allowed to be their natural selves who don ’t have to starve
themselves or wear tight clothes that hide their weight.
M : Well , 1 agree that men are lucky if they have a beautiful wife. But women who look
that way are lucky, too. They are healthy and popular, and they probably have a rich
husband as a resul t. Men aren ’ t so lucky, because they can ’ t get by on their looks
alone.
F
You ’ re disgrac안ul! These are exactly the chauvinistic attitudes 1 was complaining
abou t. 1 thought that you at least would be more sensitive to the plight of women.
M : Whoa , 5101ν down.I ’ m not trying to insult anyone , 1’m just describing the world as 1
see it. Two hundred years ago , women were expected to have large , round bodies ,
because their motherhood roles were emphasized. Skinny women were undesirable
then. But now the focus has shifted. Motherhood is less important now, so the main
purpose of a woman is to look good so as to add status to her husband ’ s social role.
F
What! You ’ re even worse than 1 thought! How can any sane person believe such
drivel? Women and men are exactly the same and should have exactly the same rights
and privileges.
M : Some rich women have boy-toys of their own, don ’ t they? Isn ’ t that the same thing?
F
Of course it is. How much respect do the boy-toys get from other men? Or even from
the women who “ own" them? Not much! It should be the same with women - if their
only goal in life is to be a trophy for some man , there ’ s something wrong with them.
M : Okay, okay, 1’ m sorry 1 got you so upset. 1’ m just joking. 1 don ’ t really believe any of
this nonsense; 1 just wanted to see your reaction. So , why don ’t we get something to
eat and make up? My treat!
F
NO , I’ m sorry. 1 can’tj 이n you for lunch today.
Can 1 take a rain check?
M : Why not?
F : 1’ m watching my weigh t. There ’ s a big new
position being created in my office , and 1’ve
got to look the paπ ifI’m going to get it.
disgraceful : extremely bad or shocking • plight : bad , serious , or sad situation • slow down : don ’t be so excited
shift : change • drivel : childish , silly , or meaningless thinking • boy-toy : young male companion to an older , wealthy
woman , esp. for sex • make up : become friendly again after an argument • my treat : I’ 11 pay for (sth) for (sb) else
• take a rain check : postpone accepting an offer
• look the part : match the image
•
•
、
109}
、，.，
Sample Answers
(A) When I got old , I sometimes forgot to zip my pants back up after I urinated. But now that
I'm older, I forget to unzip before I urinate. Do you think I have a memory problem?
(B) Yesterday was a horribly hectic day for me. I had an important appointment that I almost
forgot about. Fortunately, at the last minute , the person I was supposed to meet called to
confirm it, so I left my office in plenty of time to get there. Unfortunately, I was confused
about the meeting place and went to the wrong location. After waiting a long time for the
man to show up, I was ready to leave in disgust and anger, but he called me again and then I
realized I was in the wrong place. Very graciouslι he forgave me for my mistake , and I rushed
off to the correct spo t. I thought I knew a shortcut, but I was wrong and it took quite a bit
longer to get there. Fortunately, he was still waiting for me when I arrived. Unfortunately, I
forgot what we were supposed to talk about at the meeting , so we had a friendly but rather
bewildering chat and then went our separate ways. It was not until I got back to the office and
looked in the folder I had left on my desk that I finally remembered the purpose . I
immediately called him to set up another meeting , but it was too late , he had already made
arrangements with some other firm . 50 my company lost an important contract. When it's
time for my next promotion , I hope my boss will be able to forget about this inciden t.
Speak Your Mind
1. What kinds of things are you most likely to forget about?
2. What have you done to improve your memory? Was it
successful? Why or why not?
3. Have you ever forgotten anything that seriously mattered?
4. Does your sweetheart always remember your birthday or
anniversary?
5. What is the best way to make someone remember special days?
•
•
•
•
hectic : full of busy activity
gracious : showing kindness and good manners
shortcut : quicker way of going somewhere
bewildering : confusing ; puzzling
~
1. What kinds of things are you most likely to forget about?
(A)
I'm terrible with phone numbers (especially my own , since I never call it). It's a good
thing most cell phones remember these numbers for us, or I'd never be able to call
anyone.
(B)
It's embarrassing , to say the least, to be introducing two people whom I know very
well and , at that moment, completely forget both their names!
2. What have you done to improve your memory?
Was it successful? Why or why not?
(A)
I've heard that eating a lot of fish improves memory. I never liked to eat seafood , but I
thought I' d try it and see . Eventually , however, my profound disgust for sea
cucumbers outweighed my desire to remember things, so I gave up the experimen t.
(B)
The brain is like any other muscle; exercise makes it stronger. The key to
remembering most things is to associate them with an object or sound. If there are a
string of items to be learned , construct those objects or sounds into some sort of
narrative, the more bizarre or sexy the bette r. It's amazing what we can remember
this way, no matter how complex or obscure the target information.
profound : very great
• 。 utweigh : be more important
associate : fo rm a mental connection betwee n different thing s
• bizarre : strange and difficult to explain
→ 。 bscure : uncommon
•
、
112}
、."
•
3. Have you ever forgotten anything that seriously mattered?
(A)
Once 1 forgot to meet my wife after work. 50 1 went home while she waited for me
elsewhere. When 1 got home 1 became very worried that she wasn't there. It wasn ’ t
until much later that night, when she came home screaming mad , that 1 remembered
our engagement. We laugh about it now, but it was not funny at the time.
(B)
One time 1 missed the deadline to pay my taxes . The forms were all filled out and
ready to go, but 1 neglected to go to the post office right away, and then it just
slipped my mind. It ended up costing me a lot of money in interest and fines , even
though 1was originally due to receive a refund. 1won't ever do that again!
4. Does your sweeth eart always remember your birthday or
anniversary?
(A)
1 never have to worry about tha t. 5he has a perfect memory for her friends' special
days. 1 don't know how she manages to do it, since she has such a large family. 1’ m
not like that, though; many times 1forget it's my own birthday until she reminds me.
Knowing my poor memory for these things , she's also very good at subtly reminding
me in advance when her birthday or our anniversary is approaching , so 1 never get
embarrassed that way.
(B)
Last year 1 swore that my husband would never forget my birthday again , so from
now on 1 will make sure to tell his friends to remind him . 50 , now, he will have no
excuses.
•
•
•
•
deadline : specific time by which (sth) must be done
• slip one ’5 mind : be forgotten
fine : amount of money paid because of breaking the law
refund : money one gets back
• subtly : indirectly
swear : promise to do (sth)
• excuse : reason for failure
1녕
5. What is the best way to make someone remember special days?
M : Why do you have that string wrapped around your finger? Is this some new kind
offiαshion statemeη t?
F
It helps me remember things. 1’ 11 constantly be seeing it there , and so 1’ 11 be forced
to remind myself to remember something importan t.
M : Really? Does it work?
F
It does now, but it took me awhile to learn how to associate the fact that 1 needed
to remember something with the actual item 1 wanted to remember. But once you
껴gure out that trick , it works every time.
M : Very interesting. But what do you mean , “ trick"?
F
Developing a good memory is really just playing games with your mind. Al l of the
information is there , but sometimes you just have to be creative in the retrieval
process. It’s easier to do if you make it fun.
M : Can you give me an example?
F
OK. This is a green string on my finger, right? 1 associate green with a park, so this
reminds me that 1 have to get a gift for my neighbor, Mr. Park, to celebrate his
daughter’ s wedding.
M : Oh , 1 see. But don ’t you need lots of colors of string? And how do you keep them
all straight in your mind?
fashion statemen t: manner of dressing that expresses one ’ s personality
figure out : understand
• retrieval : process of getting (sth) back
•
•
114}
F
This isn ’t about long term memory at all , it ’s just a hint to remind me. 1 could just
as easily have associated this string with my boss , Ms. Green , or 1 could have worn
a blue string to remind me how blue my neighbor was when he found out that he
was about to lose his daughter.
M : It sounds easy enough. But 1 really have a terrible memory. 1’ m sure that 1’ d forget
to tie the string to my finger in the first palace, so 1 wouldn ’ t have any c1 ue that 1
was supposed to remember something.
F
•
•
•
You just need to get into the habit of doing something (i t doesn ’ t have to be a
string around the finger) to jog your memoη. Once you make a concerted effort, it’ s
all pre깐y easy, actually.
blue : feeling sad
jog (sb ’ s) memory : make (sb) remember (sth)
concerted : determined; serious; sincere
1페
Sample Answers
(A) I want to run my own business. I'm sure that I could do very well developing software
solutions for the general publi c. I already know a lot about the subject, and the start-up costs
are pretty low. And I think that earning money through one's own talent and hard work
provides much more satisfaction in life than just having someone else give you a salary or
having a rich parent or spouse.
(B) Saving money is simply a matter of habit, just like spending it. Years ago , I decided to set
aside five per cent of my salary every time , no matter how little that was. I would spend the
rest of it, wisely or foolishly, as I saw fit, but that five per cent would always be my payment to
myself, to squirrel away for future use. In a short while , I never even thought about the five
per cent, and I never missed it; to all practical purposes, from week to week it just never
existed: if I didn't have it, I certainly couldn't spend it. But now this small figure has grown
into quite a fortune , and I know that I never have to worry about my finances again , even if I
lose my job
Speak Your Mind
1. Is it important for you to get rich? Why or why not?
2. Are you saving money in the bank? Why or why not?
3. Do you buy lottery tickets regularly? Why or why not?
4. How much money is enough?
5 . What do you think about the rich?
6 . What do you think about the poor?
7. What ’ s the difference between the rich and the poor?
8. Do you think the rich hav e a responsibility to help the poor?
Why or why not?
9. Is society responsible for taking care of the poor?
10. What is your idea on how to narrow the gap between wealth
and poverty?
1 1. Which do you think is more difficult , making money or
spending it? νVhy?
• run : co ntrol an d organize (sth) such as a bu siness , organizati on, or event
• start-up : relating to beginning and developing a new business
• see fit : determine; decide
• squirrel away : keep (sth) in a safe place for later use
• finances : monetary resources
~
1. Is it important for you to get rich? Why or why not?
(A) 1 must get rich. AII my friends are rich. They get to do anything they wan t. They
travel to Europe every year, they live in nice houses, they own fancy cars, and they eat
in the best restaurants in town. 1 enjoy doing these things too, so 1 don't have any
choice: 1must get rich.
(B) When 1think about all the hard work and the dishonesty and cheating needed to
become truly rich , 1just get a headache. As long as 1 have enough money to take care
of my basic needs and have a little left over for pleasure , that's quite enough . At least 1
have a clear conscience and the time to enjoy it!
2. Are you saving money in the bank? Why or why not?
(A) 1 used to. But then 1 realized how low the return is. Saving money in the bank
may be safe , but no one will ever get rich that way. So 1 prefer to invest in stocks and
bonds. The risk is higher, but so are the rewards.
(B) 1 talk to my friends about their investments all the time. It's always the same: they
wish that they had bought some stock before it took off, or that they had sold some
other stock before its value plummeted. They never seem satisfied with the choices
they make. As far as I'm concerned , I'd rather just put my money in the bank and
know that it's going to make me a small profit every month . That way, 1don't have to
constantly second-guess myself.
3. Do you buy lottery tickets regularly? Why or why not?
(A) Buying lottery tickets is just a waste of time and money. The odds of getting
struck by lightning or of going to the moon are better than winning the lottery.
Almost everyone will spend far more on tickets than he will ever get back in prizes.
(B) 1 know that 1will never be rich no matter how hard 1work. My only chance is if 1
win a lottery. My odds are just as good as anyone else's, and 1know that someone will
always win . It doesn't cost very much to enter, and 1'11 never notice not having that
money: 1 would probably just waste it on something foolish , anyway. But if 1 buy a
ticket, at least 1 have hope . Even if 1 never win anything , having hope is a very
valuable possession . It's better than carefully saving my money and , in thirty years
becoming only slightly richer than 1am now, without any hope of improvemen t.
•
、
•
take off : go up quickly
plummet : fall straight down quickly
118
얘
1 • sec∞。
on뼈
1띠d 딩
- guess : α
이crI띠씨
ItlCIZ
、...，
→ 。 dds
: chances of (5th) happening
4. How much money is enough?
(A) The amount constantly changes. However much money we have , we always want
more. For just a little more money, we can always get a slightly better car or live in a
slightly better apartmen t. Our appetites always expand with our wallets.
(B) Everyone needs to eat and drink, be protected from the environment, and avoid
disease. But would living at that level really be “ living"? Human beings also need
beauty, companionship , intellectual discourse, and comfort. These things may not cost
a lot, but they are necessary for our happiness.
5. What do you think about the rich?
(A) Rich people are greedι conceited snobs who care about nothing except their own
bottom line. Wealthy people know how to live the good life and have the capacity for
doing so. If money is no object, then why not enjoy the best?
(B) Rich people have earned the reward for their own hard work and intelligence. At
the same time , they tend to be community leaders. If something needs to be done,
these are the people most likely to find the ways and means of accomplishing it. They
are often extremely generous in giving money to charitι religious organizations ,
medical research , educational development, p이 itical causes, museums, and so forth .
They do not make money from these activities, but they feel a sense of responsibility.
6. What do you think about the poor?
(A) If people would work hard, go to school , and look after their own affairs in an
intelligent manner, they would never be poo r. There is no difference between poor
people and rich people , except that the poor lack opportunities to get ahead. Usually,
their parents were poor too and could not afford to educate them wel l. Most of the
time , they have serious health problems that affect their ability to succeed. If their life
had been different early on , their lives today would also be differen t.
(B) Most poor people are doomed to repeat their poverty no matter how much
money they make in a lottery or by other means. They are poor because they make
bad choices. They play around when they should be studying or working hard. They
spend their money on frivolous activities or unneeded items. When they get a job,
they act irresponsibly. They never quite seem to realize that getting money is a longterm pr이 ect that requires constant, diligent attention .
• appetite : strong desire or taste for (sth)
• discourse : conversation; talk
• greedy : always wanting more money, powe r, possessions etc
• conce ited : showi ng too mu ch prid e
• snob : (sb) wh o th inks he or she is better than others
• bottom line : profit or loss
• cause : ideal or goal
• frivolous : inappropriately silly
~
7. What's the difference between the rich and the poor?
(A) There is only one difference: the rich have more money. A rich person may not be
any smarter or better educated than a poor person . He may or may not be more
ethical. Perhaps he came from a socially prominent family , or maybe he is a self-made
man . But he has demonstrated his ability to use his talents to make money: that is the
only thing that sets him apart from the rest of us.
(B) The poor are a problem in every society. Because they don ’ t have money, they
often don 't get enough to ea t. Because they don't get enough to eat, they have
health problems. Because they have health problems , they miss a lot of school or,
when they are older, they miss a lot of time at work . 50 , they don ’ t have much
opportunity to get out of poverty. The rich , however, have advantages most of their
lives. They live in comfortable homes, eat well , have their medical problems taken
care of by the best doctorι and get good educations and jobs. Unfortunately, a lot of
wealthy people do not try to make life better for the poor; they only want to make
themselves even richer.
8. Do you think the rich have a responsibility to help the poor? Why
or why not?
(A) We all have a responsibility to help those who are less fortunate than ourselves.
This obligation does not vanish among the wealthy; if anything, it is an even greater
responsibility, since they actually have the means to make a significant difference.
(B) People have the freedom of choice . If a rich person wants to give away part of his
fortune on charity, that is entirely his own decision. But it is also his own business if he
decides to keep his own money or spend it on himself. Af ter all , he worked hard to
get his wealth; he risked his own capital, or had the courage and skill to introduce
some new item or service. (And , of course he pays more in taxes than others , and a
lot of that money is used for social welfare .) 50 , why should he feel obligated to
contribute any more?
•
120)
ζJ
-
•
•
•
•
ethical : relating to principles 01 what is right and wrong • prominent : well known , important
demonstrate : show (sth) clearly ... fortunate : lucky, esp. because 01 having more advantages than others
vanish : stop existing completely • if anything : perhaps even • means : amount 01 money
charity : institution to help the needy • capital : wealth • 。 bligated : lorced
contribute : give money , goods, or time and effort in order to achieve (sth)
9. Is society responsible for taking care of the poor?
(A) Poverty is an expensive drag on any society. Providing free food , housing , and
medical care is an enormous burden on the economy. If we could provide jobs for
everyone , poverty (by definition) would disappear, and all the goods and services the
working people provided would be more plentif비 as a result, so the entire society
would benefi t.
(B) One can argue about economics if one likes , but the real issue is a moral one .
How can anyone live with himself if he selfishly allows other human beings to starve
to death? How can any decent person sleep at night if he knows that others are dying
due to lack of medical care? There is only one human race : we owe it to ourselves to
help each other in times of distress. If we have the ability to provide relief but do
nothing , how can we expect any aid for ourselves when we are in need?
10. What is your idea on how to narrow the gap between wealth
and poveπy?
(A) At the /O W end, we should take an active role in making sure everyone has decent
housing , education , health care , nutrition , and the opportunity to enjoy the arts as
well as the time to look after the family. These are the qua/ities that define our
humanity. To pay for this , we should not be afraid to impose high taxes on the superrich , eradicate tax shelters, and discourage conspicuous consumption.
(B) Socia/ engineering just does not work. Humankind has had lots of experience
trying to construct utopias. Nevertheless, in every society, there are relatively rich and
relatively poor people . The difference is often a matter of personal choice and
dedication . To imagine that we can close the gap is like believing we can make all
people the same height or give everyone the same I. Q.
•
•
•
•
•
drag : (sth) that slows or stops progress • at the low end : lor the people at the bottom
decent : good enough • quality : character or nature • define : describe
impose : -force the a-cceptance 01 (sth) • eradicate : get rid 01 (sth)
conspicuous consumption : buying expensive things to demonstrate one’s wealth or status
social engineering : changing society according to a political idea • utopia : imaginary perfect world
1굉
11. Wh ich do you think is more difficult , making money or
spending it? Why?
M : Bills , bills , bi1l s! Why don ’t people send me checks in themail instead of bills?
F
You exaggerate. Your salary is far more than these bills. But in return , we live in
this nice home , our kids go to good schools , and we can take pride in our
appearance and status. A small price for these advantages!
M : But don ’t you realize how huge our debt is? If something happened at work, or if 1
had a medical emergency, we ’ d quickI y lose everything we ’ve worked so hard for.
We really need to start sa띠 ng substantial amounts in order to put aside for a rainy
day. 1’ m not going to work forever, you know!
F : But it’ s just temporary. Ar en ’ t you expecting a promotion soon? 1 think we should
just maintain our current level of expenditure for the time being and save the
surplus from your next raise. That way we don ’ t have to give up anything , and
we ’ 11 still be able to put something ahead for later.
M : We ’ ve had this discussion before. Every time 1 get a raise , we say that we ’ 11
continue our old level of spending and save the rest , but it never works out that
way, does it? Within a few months , we ’ re spending more than we ever did and
falling even further into deb t.
F : But it ’ s not as though we ’ re spendthrifts! We don ’ t waste money on things we
don ’t need. If we can ’t have nice things , why bother to have money at all?
M : Look, 1 don ’ t want to live like a monk , either. But 1 do think we could be a little
more carefu l. Do we really need to entertain guests so often? Can ’t we stay home
for once instead of taking an expensive vacation? Do you really need another pair
of shoes right now? Can ’ t 1 get by with the car we have , or do 1 have to get a new
one right away?
• exaggerate : make (sth) seem better, larger, worse etc. than it really is
• price : cost of getting (sth)
• substantial : large in amount or degree
122} • put (sth) aside for a rainy day : save (sth) , esp. money , for a time when it wi ll be needed • temporary : not permanent
" ' " • expenditure : amount of money spent • surplus : amount that remains
• bother : make the effort to do (sth)
、
F
Oh, we ’ re fine. But, if we cut back too much , our friends will think something is
wrong. They’11 be worried that things are not going we11 at your company. They
won ’ t want to burden us financia11y, so they will see us socia11y less often. This
could affect our kids' status at school , and our daughter would no longer be
considered such a desirable catch. Is that what you want?
M : Well , when you put it that way, 1 guess we ’ 11 just have to keep things the way they
are , won ’ t we?
•
catch : (sb/sth) worth getting
~
Sample Answers
(A) Work is just that, no matter what it entails: performing some repetitive task in order to make
money. But the one variable that makes or breaks any job is the people one works with. If an
esprit de corps develops among the employees, even a boring or arduous task seems almost like
fun . But without that spirit, simple or interesting occupations alike become tiresome.
(B) One of the best jobs I ever had (at least at the time) was also my worst-paying one. I was a
lifeguard. I was nineteen and lived at home, so I didn ’t have any real expenses. I worked long
hours most days, from mid-morning until dark, and had some unpleasant job duties to
perform to keep the p。이 clean . And I admit that I didn't much like giving swimming lessons to
little kids every morning . But the rest of the day I got paid for sitting around in the sun , flirting
with pretty girls in skimpy bathing suits, and occasionally blowing my whistle. What a life!
Speak Your Mind
1. Do you enjoy your job? Why or why not?
2. Do you take pride in your work?
3. Are you satisfied with your salary?
4. What is the ideal occupation? If you don ’t have it, why not?
s. Are you happy with your supervisor and colleagues at work?
6. Is anything wrong with a wife making more money than her
husband?
7. Do you believe some jobs are more prestigious than others?
Why or why not?
8. What determines occupational prestige?
•
•
•
•
entail : involve by necessity • variable : (sth) that differs from case to case
esprit de corps : mutual loyalty and dedication among those involved in the same activity
arduous : demanding; difficult → fli 야 : act romantically , esp. in a playful or teasing way
skimpy : small , fitting very tightly • supervisor : one who is in charge • prestigious : admired , respected
1찢
1. Do you enjoy your job? Why or why not?
(A)
I love my job! I’ve been doing it for twenty-seven years, and it has always given me
tremendous happiness. No two days are ever the same , and there are always new
challenges to solve. The only way to resolve them is to work closely with other people.
This is not always easy to do, of course , but progress is always noticeable even if not
immediate. And the feedback I get from success is the best part. Oh , by the way, I'm a
teacher.
(B)
|’ ve had lots of jobs in my day, but the one I have now is absolutely the wors t. I don't
seem to fít ín at al l. Everyone else has been there a long time , and the cliques have
already formed without me. The boss is a slave driver who is never happy with my
performance , even though I know that I'm the most productive person in the
departmen t. But this isn ’t the worst par t. I know that if I had this same job with
another company, I' d get 20% more pay. I'd like to quit, but I don't have any money
saved up . 50 I guess I have to grin and bear it until something better comes along .
2. Do you take pride in your work?
(A)
There's no longer anything new about my job. It is all very routine now. I can do it
half-asleep. I learned long ago that doing a job in an acceptable, professional manner
is all that matters. Doing it enthusiastically doesn't mean anything. 50 I save my
energy for private matters that are of more interest to me.
(B)
If we don ’ t take pride in our work, what ’ s the point in doing it? Our jobs take up
more time in life than anything else except sleeping . 51eeping is necessary but a waste
of time; but work is an opportunity to excel at something , to make up for the time
lost at nigh t. I'm always glad to throw myself into any new pr이 ect and take joy in
accomplishing i t.
3. Are you satisfied with your salary?
(A)
Ithoughtl ’d be quite content with my salary when I took the job. But in the context of
my expenses, it really is not at all adequate. I don't think my firm understands how
tremendous : very large in amount , extent, or deg ree • challenge : difficult thing to accomplish
feedback : response or reaction .. fit in : belong to easily • clique : small , excl usive group
126} • slave.driver:. (sb) who m ~~es ot~ e r people work very hard • grin and bear it : accept a difficult situation without
ζ~ grumbling • throw oneself into (sth) : eagerly and enthusiastically do (sth)
• in the context of (sth) : considering (sth)
• adequate : good enough
•
•
much money 1 have to spend merely in order to do my job properly: things like new
clothes and equipment 1 had to buy to use at home. I'm hoping for some reasonable
compensotion, but if 1don't get it, 1'11 look for some other work.
(B)
No one is ever satisfied! The richest person in the world still wants more money. 50 , in
that sense, of course I'm not satisfied. If someone offers me a raise, 1'11 take it. 1won't
say, “ 50rry, 1 have all the money 1 need." On the other hand , realistically speaking , 1
think my salary is fair for the kind of work 1 perform. And it's enough to pay my bills
and support my family. 50 1don't have much to complain abou t.
4 . What is the ideal occupation? If you don't have it, why not?
(A)
Being a creative artist, writer, or musician would be the ideal job. These people don't
put in nine-to-five jobs. They do what they most enjoy, to meet their own interior
needs. 50 , in the truest sense of the term , they work for themselves. But by so doing ,
they also work for all the rest of us. Most of them don't make much money, but a few
become fobulously wealthy and famous. If 1had the talent, that is what I'd like to do.
(B)
People glorify various occupations , such as athletics or p이 itics. But, actually, any kind
of job can be “ ideal" if it entails the opportunity to grow with it. One starts off at the
bottom and has to learn how the job works at that leve l. Gradually or q 비 ckly， one
masters those skills and goes on to more demanding ones. As the job grows in
difficulty and responsibility, one gets promoted and earns more money. No matter
how far one goes, there are still new things to learn , step by step. 50, for any job, the
sky β the limit in terms of success and satisfaction.
5 . Are you happy wit h your supervisor and colleagues at w ork?
(A)
1 have a new boss , so 1 don't know ye t. My colleagues and 1 are discussing the
situation , but we haven't formed any consensus ye t. Our old boss was a great guy. He
knew his business and how to inspire his people. In my opinion , he was always fair. 50
1 hope the new one will do well , but it’ s hard to imagine anyone doing it better.
(B)
There are a lot of new people in my office. None of them seems to know what to do
or how to do it. 50 far , none of them has reveoled much of his personality; they are all
too busy struggling to keep up to do much socializing. Workdays are just one new
headache after another, since 1not only have to do my own job but theirs as well , and
none of them seems very eager to change this situation. It would serve them 011 right
- and my boss , too , for hiring them - if 1just decided to up ond quit.
compensation : (sth) additional given as recompense • raise : increase in wages or salary
put in : spend time at a job • fabulous : difficult to believe; astonishing • glorify : give high praise to (sth)
the sky is the limit : there is no limit • consensus : collective opinion • inspire : stimulate 어 b) to creativity or action
• reveal : make known (sth) concealed or secret • It serves (sb) right : (sb) dese미es (sth) unpleasant
• up and quit : resign suddenly
•
•
•
127)
".J
6. Is anything wrong with a wife making more money than her husband?
(A)
Men still have their pride. For millions of years, they have had to sacrifice many of the
enjoyments of life in order to protect and tend to their families' welfare. Women
stayed at home to make the men's hardships worthwhile it. This system worked well
for a long , long time , but with the rise of the independent woman everything is fa /líng
apart. Kids are running wild , and as women become more and more like men in their
attitudes , men in turn are becoming less manly. I don't like these developments at al l.
(B)
The family income is the mutual possession of the entire household . It does not
matter who adds the most money; in the end , everyone benefits from it equally. If the
wife (or husband) does not have an income, he (or she) nonetheless contributes to
the well-being of the family. But if they both work, the family does better. It is silly to
think in terms of competition in a co-operative enterprise like a family.
7. Do you believe some jobs are more prestigious than others? Why
orwhy not?
(A)
It might be nice to believe that all jobs have equal dignity and worth , but it simply
isn 't true. A plumber is never going to have the same prestige as an architect, even
though they are both highly skilled , well-paid , and in the same occupational field .
However, please note that I am not saying the architect is a better person than the
electrician or has any special privileges; but the jobs are widely different in terms of
status.
(B)
Perceptions of prestige vary greatly. The Mongols assigned a status to every position
and placed poets below prostitutes, while other societies have put their national poets
on a pedestal above all others. Even within the same culture, status-ranking is variable.
In the United Kingdom , there is strong class consciousness , and the members of the
working class want to preserve their special identity. They dress, talk, and play in ways
that are distinctively their own , and they generally want their children to get good
working-class jobs rather than aspire to any of the professions that belong to the other
classes . 50, it is not so much a matter of prestige as it is appropriateness.
tend to : take care of • fall apart : break up; disintegrate • manly : the way a man is traditionally expected to behave
dignity : being worthy of esteem or respect • prostitute : (sb) who is paid to have sex
128) put (sb) on a-pedestal : overly idealize (sb); treat (sb) as though not having fa비ts
: J • va 끼 able : changeable • preserve : keep an idea, quality, or situation from changing or be매 lost
• aspire to : wani to achieve (sth), esp. in term s of (sth) higher
•
•
•
8. What determines occupational prestige?
M : What are you reading?
F
A movie magazine. 1’ m just checking up on how my favorite stars are doing.
M : You mean what movies they are making , so you know what to 100k forward to?
F
We11 , 1 guess 1’ m more interested in how much they make and how they live and
who they ’ re making 10ve to.
M : Why is any of that important?
F :
It’ s just
something to fantasize about, since 1 know 1’ 11 never 1ead that kind of life.
M : The ce/ebrities in that magazine are nothing specia l. They just get a 10t of
attention , but they don ’ t do much that ’ s importan t. They don ’ t build anything.
They don ’t discover or invent anything. They aren ’t working on the prob1ems of
wor1d hunger, peace, or justice. AI1 they do in life is 100k pretty.
F
But they have a 10t more prestige and money than any sCÌentist or politician. Or,
for that matter, religious 1eader or poe t. Certain1y a 10t more money and prestige
than a teacher or nurse. 50 , what ’ s so important about being usefu1? Obviously,
being a star is more important than anything e1se.
M : That’ s what ’ s wrong with our world. We don ’ t reward the ones who do the most for
us. Our fantasies are preferab1e to our rea1 lives. If this continues , 1ife will
degeη erate instead of progress , because the peop1e who can make a positive
difference won ’ t have any incentive to continue. And then our fantasy lives will
become even more important as an escape from the dreary drudgery we find
ourse1ves trapped in.
F
5ee , that ’ s why these ce1ebrity lifesty1es attract our attention. We want better
things , but we can ’t have them. But we can dream about them, and sometimes, if
we work hard , we can make these dreams come true. But if we don ’ t have any idea
ofwhat the “ good life" is , how cou1d we ever aspire to it?
rJ;
.. celebrity : famous person , esp. in entertainment or sports
degenerate : become worse
• dreary : boring; dull
• drudgery : boring and unpleasant work you have to d。
•
~
E
er9 Pr。blem con be S미ved ， or at 1east 미1eviated ， by
thinking it through ond then oppl9ing on oppropriote
e a1so need to rea 1i ze what r、esu1t we
edy. Of c
hope t。 occomplisL , or we wilI s。lve one pr。blem 。nl9 t。
have to dea1 with another‘ instead.
How would you respond if your ch i1 d had no
interest in studying?
(1) Have a private tutor.
(2) Force him or her to study more.
(3) Support his or her other
interests.
(4) Let the ch i1 d estab 1i sh his or
her own priorities in 1i fe.
(5) Offer financia1 incentives for
improved performance.
• alleviate : make (sth) easier to bear; relieve; lessen
• think t hrough : think carefully about the possible results of doing (sth)
• remedy : (sth) that corrects an error or a wrong
~ • priority : (sth) important that must be done first or needs more attention than anything else
• incentive : (5th) that encourage5 action or eff。이
130\
Sample Answers
(A) First, we would need to know what the underlying factors are. Is the schoolwork too easy,
so the child is bored, or too hard , so the child needs more help? Is the lack of interest due to
peer pressure, or is it because the child does not like the teacher or the subject matter?
Perhaps some other interest, such as athletics or art or music, is taking too much time, or
maybe the child is "in love." It is even possible that a difficulty at home is the root cause of the
poor performance at schoo l. But before we can do anything we need to know what we are
dealing with.
(B) Try the old “ carrot-and stick" approach . This refers to the method of urging forward a
mule-drawn wagon. Hang a carrot a few inches in front of the hungry mule’ s nose so he will
keep walking toward it. Meanwhile, hit him with a big stick when he slows down or stops. In
other words, promise rewards for good behavior and punishment for bad; this works most of
the time.
Speak Your Mind
How would you respond if:
1. your salary was cut?
2. your young child went through your wallet?
3. your son or daughter got caught shoplifting?
4. your parents demanded a large allowance every month for
pocket money?
5. your wife wanted to diVlγ up the chores 50:50?
6. your boss insisted on unpaid overtime three times a week?
7. your sweetheart suddenly broke off your relationship?
8. your friend asked to borrow some money?
9. your grown ch i1 d announced the intention to stay single
forever?
10. the government decided to raise cigarette and liquor taxes
drastically?
underlying : basic; fundamental • peer pressure : influence that other people of the same age or social class have on
• root cause : basic reason • carrot and stick: mixture "of promises and threats to persuade (sb) to do
(sth) • refer to : be about; concern • go through : examine or search (sth) very caref비 Iy
• shoplift : steal (sth) from a store by stealth • divvy up : divide or share (sth)
• drastically : severely or extremely in nature
•
。 ne’ s behavior
131\
ζJ
How would you respond if:
1 . your salary was cut?
(A) My company would not do that to me unless it were in desperate financial
trouble. 50 I guess the only thing I could do would be to cut my spending as much as
possible and knuckle down to work even harder so that my firm could become more
competitive . That way, it could restore my salary more quickly and perhaps even give
me a ralse .
(B) That would be outrageous. I would either stop working for that outfit immediately
or I would hang on until I found another job. I could not continue working for anyone
that thought so little of my talent and loyalty.
2. your young child went through your wallet?
(A) Children quite naturally wonder about everything , and their curiosity should be
encouraged , not inhibited. 50 I would not do anything . Besides, I don't have anything
to hide or be embarrassed about, so why should I care?
(B) Kids need to learn that other people have a right to privacy. The first time, I
would try to explain the concept to my child. The second time, I would explain it
again in different terms and also give warning th at I would not tolerate any other
infractions . The third time would result in a memorable punishment, and if the
behavior continued each incident would be more harshly punished .
3. your son or daughter got caught shoplifting?
(A) Most of the time kids (and , for that matter adults too) don't shoplift because they
feel the need to get something they don't have and can't afford . Usually it is because
they need to feel part of a group or because they need attention. 50 , if my child
exhibited this kind of dishonest behavior I would seek psychological counseling for
him or he r.
(B) If I got a phone call from the p이 ice that my child had been caught shoplifting , I
would not hurry to the p이 ice station . I would take my time and let him or her absorb
all the lessons from being in that environment, so that the act would not likely be
repeated . I would also apply additional punishment when I got him or her home. I
would want to make sure that my child understood that stealing has bad
consequences for the thief.
132)
•
•
•
~ •
knuckle down : start working hard • outrageous : very shocking or unreasonable → 。 utfit : business organization
hang on : wait or be patient • think little : regard as insignificant • inhibit : restrain or hold (sth) back; prevent
tolerate : allow (sth) to happen; permit • infraction : breaking of a rule • harsh : not gentle or pleasant; severe
absorb : incorporate, bring into; learn and understand
4. your parents demanded a large allowance every month for pocket
money7
(A) 1would refuse! 1 have enough trouble taking care of my own spouse and children.
Besides, 1 could not imagine why they would need to spend so much money on nonnecessítíes.
(B) Although it would be a severe blow to my own financial stability, 1would try my
best to meet their request. After all , for decades they sacrificed much more than that
on my behalf. Everything 1 have 1 owe to them . And they would not ask for th is
money now, unless they felt they really needed it.
5. your wife wanted to divvy up the chores 50:507
(A) If we both worked outside the home, 1 think her request would be very fair
indeed . Or we could jointly hire a housekeeper to do the chores. But if my wife didn't
have any other responsibilities except maintaining our place, 1 would be extremely
reluctant to do anything more unless it were an emergency of some sort.
(B) Deriving a numerical value for each of the chores would be very difficult, so how
could we know what an exact division looked like? Is drying the dishes equivalent to
washing them? Is cleaning the floor equal to carrying out the garbage? What is doing
the laundry worth? Shopping? Of course, we could write each chore on a piece of
paper and pick them randomly. Or we could alternate doing the same chore.
6. your boss insisted on unpaid overtime three t imes a week7
(A) In most countries, overtime work gets paid at “ time and a half" or “ double time"
(or even "triple time ," if it is on a holiday). This means that the hourly wage is
multiplied by 1.5 or 2 (or 3) for every extra hour one puts in. Under these
circumstances , 1 would gladly do more work. But not for free or even at my regular
wage .
(B) 1could go along with this if it were a temporary situation and we were behind on
our contract obligations. And of course, 1 would expect the boss to reward me rather
generously later on for my work "above and beyond the call of duty." Otherwise, 1
would not like the situation at al l. Maybe 1 couldn't leave my firm for the time being ,
but 1would certainly be eager to go elsewhere.
•
•
•
blow : sudden unexpected shock • reluctant : unwilling • derive : obtain (sth) from a source
equivalent : equal in value • randomly : without a clear method or purpose
alternate : do (sth) in turns • above and beyond the call of duty : more than normally expected
~
7. your sweetheart suddenly broke off your relationship?
(A) This has happened to everyone, hasn't it? We all go through the same phases of
hope and despair and self-doub t. We eat too much or not enough and have trouble
sleeping . We try to “ accidentally" be places where we think he or she will see us, to
remind that person of how much we had meant to each othe r. Perhaps we send
desperate messages via mutual friends . But, eventually, life returns to normal - until
the next time it happens. And then we undergo the same process all over again.
(B) If that happened to me, 1would be glad that it happened when it did , rather than
later on when the parting would be even more difficul t. Obviously, this break-up
would be a clear sign that we were not compatible after all , so splitting up sooner
rather than later would be the best solution .
8. your friend asked to borrow some money?
(A) It would depend on who and how much. 1 would loan small amounts to some
people, and if they never paid me back I could live with it; but 1wouldn't risk any large
sums on them. For really good friends , who had stable personalities and good
prospects, I'd be willing to do more for them , but I' d probably ask for some sort of
collateral just in case.
(B) My grandfather turned down an opportunity to go into a lucrative venture with
my uncle because he thought that money and family should be kept separate. 1 think
he was absolutely right, and even more so in the case of friends . Too many people 1
know lost both their friend and their money by placing trust above good sense.
9. your grown child announced the intention to stay single forever?
(A) I wish I had decided to do that! My experience with marriage has really turned me
off that institution for good . I say, let people wed who desperately want to , but try
hard to avoid the situation if you can . We can get all the benefits of marriage without
having to suffer from the disabilities.
(B) I would not sta l) d for that decision at al l. Children have oblig ations to their
parents, and these include passing on the family name and genes in a respectable
manner. Staying single is just an example of excessive selfishness, and I would hope
that I had raised my own kids better than tha t.
•
134}
~
-
•
•
•
•
phase : temporary pattern of behavior • undergo : experience; endure (sth); suffer through
compatible : likely to have a good relationship because of being similar
live with (5th) : accept (sth) unpleasant that cannot be changeâ • collateral : property promised as security for a loan
turn down : reject or refuse • lucrative : profitable • turn off : cause a feeling of dislike; disgust
disability : physical or mental handicap • 5tand for : tolerate
10. the government decided to raise cigarette and liquor taxes
d rastica lI y?
M : Let’ s go out.
F
Great! Wh ere to? What’s the special occasion?
M : We need to go to a night c1 ub or a bar every night this week, if we can. An d next
week too!
F
Why? Wh at are we celebrating?
M : We aren ’t celebrating anything. Just the opposite, actua11y.
F
1 don ’t understand. Wh at’s going on here?
M : The taxes on alcohol and tobacco are going up 20% next month, so we need to
take advantage of the lower prices while we can.
F
Don ’t be silly. You ’11 go broke partying every night just to save a little money later.
M : But there won ’ t be any later. 1 can ’ t afford to go out once the new prices take
얻뺨ct. So 1 need to use up a11 my going-out now, while 1 can.
F
Wh y don ’t you just stock up on extra cigarettes and booze now? And then you ’11
have an adequate supply when the price hike goes into effec t.
M : But eventua11y 1’ 11 run out, and 1 still won ’ t be able to go ou t. So , just indulge me.
Let’ s have a good time while we still can!
F : OK, I’ m game. But if you come to your senses , let me know. 1 won ’t be disappointed
when we stop.
M : Don ’t worry. We ’11 have to stop soon enough.
Let ’ s go!
• go broke : no longer have any money • ta ke effect : start
• stock up : keep (sth) for future use; hoard • booze : alcoholic beverages
•
run out : use all of (sth) and not have any left
• indulge : allow oneself to have or do (sth) pleasurable • game : prepared to join in ; ready
• come to (one ’ 5) senses : realize that what one is doing is not sensible
1평
LIS KOREA혜서 나온
DISCUSSION TEXTBOOK
LIS
KOREA 는 토론 학습 교채 전분 출판사 업니타.
과 R
낸
1f
T
• 일상생활에서 벌어지는 상황들을 다양한 포멧에 맞추어서 많은 Speaking Chance 를 제공합니다.
l
깨냉
ιs
Children ’s Talk(I) , (강)， (3)
배
n
땐
Mw
New
M
뼈
중고급 어린이 들을 워만 톡상적인 영어교재
암기위주의 영어가 아니라 자기의견을 만들어 낼 수 있는 포멧들을 제공합니다.
협소년의 세계와 그들의 샘각 관심사들을 토론으로
ξhatRoo힘 휩t)r 1놓용ns
(1)(2)(3)
• New Children’ s Talk를 배운 학생들이 Teen Talk를 쉽게 익힐 수 있는 선행학습교재로 사용할 수
있도록구성
l
학습의 재미와 능률을 높이기 위해 다향한 그림들과 그것들을 바탕으로한 토론들 그리고 실제 많은
상황에서 발생하는 대화들과 수많은 지문들을 바탕으로 토론의 다양성을 확보
LIS KOREA에서 L댄
DISCUSSION TEXTBOOK
LIS
KOREA 는 토론 학습 교채 전문 첼사 압니[~.
청소년을위안토론교재
- - -,'- '',---,
-'-''''
-
- ‘’‘--,,uμ ...
l
Newl놓를n 훨lk (l)~
(2)
청소년 토론교재의 최고 높은 단계의 교재로서 각권 15개의 이슈속에 500 개 이상의 토론주제를
제시합니다.
l
각 권에 포함된 9개의 포멧은 (What Does It Mean? /Comprehension/Teen Talk / Opinion
Samples/ Dialog/ Read & Discuss/ Pi ctures Talk / Wha t' s Your Ad vice? /Synopsis/)
각각의 특징에 맞는 다앙하고 흥미로운 토론 주제를 제공합니다.
톨XPR톨“
YOUR‘톰LF
1
<>P“...,.“.
_-’--..
•.-
…~.，.; ... 2S
25 。‘i‘..，...，."，
T
._-.“---
톨XPR톨I
YOUR‘톨LF 훌
. ..
._-
2S c-u ’
‘ •. _.“~ 25 TOV“아““
V
”‘ ‘-_ .
_~
토론교재의베스트설러
-훌， ，，
EXPRESS YOURSELF (1) ’ (2)
• 각권 257H 의 이슈와 각 이슈에 대한 다양한 토론주제를 제공하였습니다.
l
토론 주제에 대한 다양한
l
각각의 이슈마다 그와 연관된 Dialogue를 점부하여 학습자들이 다양한 구어체의 표현을 익히도록
했습니다.
Opinion Samples를 달아 학습자들에게 도움을 주고자 했습니다.
LIS KOREA헤서 L댄
DISCUSSION TEXTBOOK
LIS
l톨T’S TALK
1
KOREA 는 토론 학습 교재 선분 출판사 압니다
LET'S TALK
I
중고급 토론교재의 걸정판
LET합
l
TALK! (I)~ (2)
실생활과 아주 밀접하고 분명한 의건 대립이 나올수
있는 주제를 선정 고급 토론 영어를 위한 기초를
가질 수 있도록 구성
l
토론 영어의 기초 단계인 영어로 설명하는 힘을
길러주기 위해 “ Whal Does 1I Mean?" 을 삽입
• Queslion 에서는 제시된 주제에 대한 이해력 측정뿐만 아니라 한 주제에 대한 갚이있는 토론에 대비하는
힘을 길러 주고자 했다.
• Discussion Poinls에서는 주어진 주제에 대한 토론 포인트는 물론이고 그와 연관된 많은 주제 제공
• Opinion Samples에서는 학습자들이 주어진 주제에 대해 토론을 준비할 수 있도록 만은 찬반 의견과
참고 의견들을 제시하고 있다.
어려운 표현이나 Idiomalic Expressions에 대해 각주에 충분한 영어 설명을 달아 학습자들로 하여금
이해가 쉽도록 하였다.
l
뺑1 윷) 繼'<~힐)뒀 힘
/댄、/\~)짧)(떻1 훨
Le+’'f 1a(f( Furmv
재미있는 함작 이야기로 토론의 즐거옴을
ι토:TtS '댐kιKF‘JNNY
• 70 개의 재미있는 창작 이야기가 수 백 개의 토론 이슈와 어우러져 독자들에게 재미있게 영어로 토론
할 수 있는 기회를 제공합니다
l
또한 우리생활에 감추어져 있던 또 다른 507H 의 Thinking Poinls를 제공하여 발상을 전환할 수 있는
계기가 되도록 했습니다.
LIS KOREA헤서 나온
DISCUSSION TEXTBOOK
LIS
KOREA 는 토론 학습 교재 선분 출판사 업니다•
.-'.‘-‘·‘--.__.---.....
ar _ _ _ '
--‘........
효한국 주제들을 위안 토론교재
Open to Oebate
l
한국 사회에 서 이슈화 되고있는 707H 의 주제를 선정하여 2007H 가 넘는 구체적 토론의제를 제공하고
있다.
l
각 이슈의 도입부분에 해당 주제에 대한 다이얼로그를 제공하여 흥미를 더했슴
l
한국사회의 토론이슈를 영어로 살펴볼 수 있는 최적의 교재
본격적인 비지니스 토론 교재
LET:’ 5 TALK BUSI.NESS
• 207H 의 현대 비즈니스 주제가 787H 의 Talking Points를 제공합니다.
l
수 백 개의 다양한 어휘와 표현들이 예문과 함께 어우러져 Self-study를 가능하게 합니다.
• 207H 의 Topical Dialogue 별도 수록
초판 4쇄 인쇄 : 2012년 10월 1 일 인쇄
초판 4쇄 발행 : 2012년 10월 5 일 발행
지
o
‘-
이 : 리스코리아편집부
& Duane
Vorhees
일러스트레이터:박정섭
편집디자인: 예림칼라
펴
낸
곳
: (도서출판) 리스코리아
펴
낸
이:조은예
등
록 : 는방주 제 399-2011-000003호
전
화 :
팩
스
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: (0502) 423-7948
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