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April - June 2023
Telematics Wire
Technology Driven | Futuristic Vehicle
06
Industry Thought Leaders Views on Connected Vehicle Ecosystem in India & Emerging
Technologies
Suhas M Gowda, Etas India | Nilesh Chauhan, Valtech Mobility | Shinto Joseph, Ldra India | Sridhar Dharmarajan, Hexagon India
10
Automotive Ethernet Networks Are Changing The Security Paradigm
Michal Frenkel, Ran Ben Tzvi | Argus Cyber Security
30
Vehicle Acoustic Based Diagnostic System
Petr Bakulov
PhD, CEO & Founder, V2M Inc
Image source: Expeto Inc. / more at pg. 59
Telematics Wire
Technology Driven | Futuristic Vehicle
India's most informative media on Automotive Telematics & more
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Technology Driven | Futuristic Vehicle
20
The EV Charging Ecosystem paves the way for a New Technology Paradigm
28
If My Car Could Speak to Me
- Vishy Ramaswamy
Domenico Mangiacapra
31
Henshin Group
Telematics, a Crucial Gateway for Tomorrow's
Software-Defined Vehicles
Roberto Balzerani
Sopra Steria
24
The impact of autonomous trucks on India’s logistics sector
- Dr. N. Saravanan
32
SCALAR – Orchestration Platform for Fleet Operators
in India
Abhijit Sengupta
- Hjalmar Van Raemdonck
HERE Technologies
36
Need for Intelligent Battery Management Systems
Driver recognized
Hi, I'm adjusting the vehicle
to your preferences
Retrieving user
profile/preferences
Traffic ahead
Taking your favorite
scenic route, instead
Configuring displays for
driver and passengers
Changing from sport
to comfort mode
Driver falling asleep
Playing your rock music
Anush G Nair
Tata Elxsi
Body temperature is low
I'll turn down the AC
Playing your kids'
favorite cartoon
November 2022 | Telematics Wire | 1
October 2022 | Telematics Wire | 1
Photo Credit: Strategy Analytics
Photo Credit: Strategy Analytics
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April - June 2023
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13
Connected Vehicle Ecosystem in
India & Emerging Technologies
Suhas M Gowda, Etas India
Nilesh Chauhan, Valtech Mobility
Shinto Joseph, Ldra India
Sridhar Dharmarajan, Hexagon India
Telematics Wire
Technology Driven | Futuristic Vehicle
April - June 2023
Free Technical Literature
Editor
Maneesh Prasad
maneesh.prasad@telematicswire.net
Automotive Ethernet Networks Are
Changing The Security Paradigm
Michal Frenkel, Ran Ben Tzvi
Argus Cyber Security
From vehicles to everything – why
C-V2X is enabling the connected
future of transport
Cesar Arego, Tomtom Digital Cockpit
Directors
Maneesh Prasad
Mohan Chandra Verma
Sinha Anuj Ranjan
30
Vehicle Acoustic Based Diagnostic
System
Petr Bakulov, V2M Inc
32
Driving Through Automotive Cyber
Security Proliferation
Chandrasekhar Konakalla,
Sri Rushi Consulting Services
16
From Vehicles To Everything – Why
C-V2X Is Enabling The Connected
Future Of Transport
Dinesh Patkar, Quectel Wireless
Solutions
18
Software-Defined Vehicles On The
Road To The Future
Shivalik Prasad, Sibros
38
Safe Mobility Using Adas
Saurabh Narwade, Expert Global
Solutions
20
Automotive Cyber Security In India Is
Still In Its Early Stages
Gerard Vink
41
Telematics In Electric Vehicles
Nishchal Chaudhary, Battre
Electric Mobility
44
Electric Vehicles For All
Bharath Rajan, Tessolve
Semiconductors Pvt Ltd.
46
Better EV Adoption Is Not Just An
Infrastructure Problem
Akshay Sharma, Intents Mobi
48
10 Best Artificial IntelligenceBased Android Apps In 2023
Harikrishna Kundariya, Esparkbiz
Technologies
22
3: Main Elements of Autonomy Technology
PushingFigure
The
Boundaries Of
Autonomous
Driving Beyond Cars
adjacencies much sooner.
And Trucks
Agriculture
Below is a depiction
of how autonomy
has evolved
in the agriculture
Jyotsana
Singh,
Sunitha
Misrasector.
&
Gopinath Selvaraj, Tata Elxsi
The silver lining in the cloud is that this technology is aligned to be adopted by other
26
28
Lessons All Industries Can Learn
From Automotive Security
Sergej Dechand, Code Intelligence
Government Initiatives Have Helped
Grow The Connected Vehicle
Ecosystem In India
Prasad Diwakar, Taoglas
50
52
54
Vehicle Telematics: Redefining The
Transportation Industry
Chirag Sethi, Delta Electronics
India
The 5G Revolution: Where Will It
Have The Biggest Impact?
Ken Berkley, Distrelec
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April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 3
Editorial
Maneesh Prasad
maneesh.prasad@telematicswire.net
There is an optimism about evolving connected ecosystem in India. This has also raised concerns amongst the security agencies here. about the
possible threats which could emanate trom a connected vehicle. This vulnerability of venice was again demonstrated when researchers trom
Synacktiv were able to hack into lesla Model 3 in less than two minutes in a recentiy held Pin own conterence at vancouver. in this April issue
ot elematics Wire we have tew technical articles on the subject, and we will look forward to publishing more such articles in coming issues.
Recent news of price war in electric vehicle in china, is a development which could cheer-Uc consumers. The industry, on other hand,
may see consolidation and shakeout; clearing the tuzziness created with multitude of players in this electric vehicle segment. From domestic
market point in India, the availability of electric cars in sub-ten lakh category could make business sense for shared mobility, as opined by an
industry professional. But, also cautioned that we need to wait and see vehicle performance when made to run 4 to 5 lakh kilometres. Another
interesting point was made, that the actual run of the vehicle will also depend on how the battery is charged. maintained and overall upkeep of
the vehicle. This points to the need of another kind of coaching, this time its not about how to drive, but how to maintain the electric vehicle.
Thinking loud, maybe soon we will have an interactive Al driven app based coach, nudging the driver on dos and don't. General Motors have
already announced its intent to explore use of ChatGPI in vehicle. Maybe we can have some generic in-cab coaching app for managing electric
venicle.
The electric vehicle industry may see change in way automakers operate. With Foxconn making its intent clear about white label
manutacturing of electric vehicle, and it they are successtul in their attempt; automakers in future would focus more on design and sales/
marketing ot vehicle. Not sure. if this is still a far fetched thought as of now.
On our home front, we have have taken our first baby step towards autonomous vehicle with some of the automakers(MG Motors,
Hyundai...) advertising about their vehicle being equipped with L2 autonomy. Lets wait and see how many years before we see L4 vehicle
hitting Indian roads. On the driver assistance front, ADAS has become advertising point for many of the new car. And we all would be eagerly
looking forward to reduction of accidents on the Indian roads. Though, Yr 2021 as compared to 2019, showed decrease in road accident, but
we are need to see this continue in 2022 and 2023.
Need for having vehicle tracking system in public transport vehicle along with alarm/emergency button as mandated by Govt of India,
seems to continue to drag further. Its more than a decade since the infamous incident which triggered the need to have vehicle tracking and
emergency button in public transport vehicle and there are many of the state transport associations/unions having declined to meet the date
1st April 2023. The date from when they were to be fully compliant to this. Somewhere there is a need for industry pull based on business
model taking over the government push. lalking to some ot the industry experts. it seems they are working on possible data monetisation
though various business models. Maybe ine reduced Insurance premium or some monetary benefit in return for data shared may eventually
push the public transport across the states to voluntarily go for vehicle tracking and safety system.
4 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
Connected Vehicle Ecosystem in India
The connected vehicle ecosystem in India is evolving, with telecom operators, automakers, Tier 1s and technology companies investing in it.
To understand better, we reached out to industry thought leaders seeking their views about connected vehicle ecosystem in India and emerging
automotive technologies. Below are views shared on some of the points.
SUHAS M GOWDA
MANAGING DIRECTOR
ETAS AUTOMOTIVE
INDIA PVT LTD
Connected vehicle ecosystem in India
India, under the aegis of Digital India is also seeing a major transformation
towards a highly connected mobility eco-system. The entire global and
Indian mobility industry is at a turning point, so are we at ETAS.
Most of the 2/3 W, passenger car and CV automotive offerings in
India are now seeing the advent of connected systems across the cockpit
displays, data aggregation, automated driving or telematics applications.
As 5G becomes more widely available within India, the vehicle
is going to become a larger data-pool wherein connectivity ensures a
widely distributed computing eco-system that can be used for end-user
applications (such as UX, safety and V2X) while enabling many additional
revenue streams for the OEMs.
The primary step in the connected vehicle evolution is with the
“connected infotainment” systems, with an upgrade towards an
“updatable vehicle” and eventually to a complete end-to-end “software
defined vehicle” (SDV).
Digital cockpits are intelligent systems built to provide personalized,
connected in-vehicle experiences that get better and smarter over time
while maintaining a constantly refreshed experience to the end-user.
At the apex of this eco-system are the Software-defined vehicles.
They require multiple layers of in-vehicle and cloud-based technologies
provided by a wide range of vendors offering products and services related
to Cloud, OTA, Vehicle SW Engg. Services, Middleware & SOA stacks,
OS & embedded SW libraries including hypervisors with a high level of
hardware abstraction across these layers.
Services and applications around connected vehicle
Connectivity is the key for various integration & communication channels
between a vehicle/on-board and cloud/off-board/backend applications
& services.
This means that Cloud services will become even more directly
integrated with the vehicle with the software defined vehicle.
In the automotive context, middleware acts as a common hardware
abstraction layer through which different components & services can
communicate with each other in a standardized way, while in some cases
providing a platform on top of which applications can be developed &
deployed
In addition to this, building an ecosystem of safe & secure tools
considering the mindset, processes, and organizational evolution to
achieve the SDV is important in enabling higher degree of product
development and software deployment agility which works in tandem
with remotely updating the vehicle software.
DevOps in the Automotive construct, brings together the developers,
end-to-end tools, and the enabling layers for varying levels of continuous
integration and delivery(CI/CD) of vehicle software through agile
development processes
Cloud-based toolchains and virtual test environments promise
radical increases in software development & deployment efficiency while
maintaining the highest level of security
Data storage and security
In the current world, Data is the new gold. Hence, secure, safe data
acquisition and storage becomes key for the updatable, connected and
automated driving vehicles.
If the SDVs are not adequately secured, OEMs and fleet operators face
serious consequences: fleet downtime or inoperability, ransom payments
or recovery costs, loss of reputation and liability claims.
Effective protection requires a multi-layered security concept with
multiple lines of defense through various degrees of Defense-in-Depth
security mechanisms.
Expectations from the government in terms of policy and
regulatory changes, if any
With the advent of AI based connected cloud platforms along with higher
data driven mobility systems, the Data protection policy needs to take
a holistic view towards privacy, security & safety while considering the
practical implications on the mobility eco-system.
With the connected vehicles, there is a dire need for a Cyber-security
regulations in India, similar to the ones which exist in Europe & Japan like
the UNR155/156. ETAS, being an end-to-end cyber-security provider is
also working with several Indian Govt. agencies to draft the AIS189/190
regulations considering the unique flavors of the Indian market, including
the connected 2/3 wheelers.
ETAS contribution in 'connected vehicle ecosystem'.
Mobility is experiencing a fundamental change, with software taking
center stage.
ETAS enables its customers to master the complexity of the entire
software lifecycle, thus contributing to the vision of the fully programmable
vehicle of the future that allows functions to be continuously adapted,
updated, and improved through software without having to make
changes to the hardware. In addition, ETAS supports and drives various
standardization initiatives (e.g., AUTOSAR Classic and Adaptive) and
collaborates actively in open source working groups, e.g., the Eclipse
Software Defined Vehicle Working Group. ETAS' portfolio includes
vehicle basic software, middleware, development tools and cyber-security
solutions for the realization of software-defined vehicles. Our product
solutions and services enable vehicle manufacturers and suppliers to
develop and operate them with increased efficiency.
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 5
Connected Vehicle Ecosystem in India
NILESH CHAUHAN
VP BUSINESS
DEVELOPMENT AND
OPERATION
VALTECH MOBILITY INDIA
Connected vehicle ecosystem in India
India is now world’s top 4 automotive market with potential to be top
3 in coming years.
Awareness about connected features in market seems to be slowly
turning into customer demand, though the connected vehicle ecosystem needs to materialise. Offering online services, for example
audio streaming into vehicle as a single application doesn’t require
any eco-system. However, the connected car eco-system plays an
important role, when it comes to offering V2X service or vehicle
data collection and data monetisation use cases such as usage-based
insurance and so on. Connected vehicle eco-systems require tier 1
suppliers offering required hardware such as control units and sensors
with possibility of easy integration and testing, alongside on-board
connectivity provider utilising local MNOs. Some of the technology
can be taken from an already advanced market. It is an objective of
multiple tier 1 and tier 2 suppliers to establish a great connected ecosystem including creating regulations and policies by governance.
Services and applications around connected vehicle.
Lots of meaningful use cases can be offered. To mention few are:
● Connected entertainment experience
● Purposeful and reliable route planning
● Predictive maintenance
● Usage based insurance
● Safety feature / vehicle tracking Road improvements leveraging
data collected by vehicles Remote services ...
6 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
Data storage and security
A dedicated data policy for Indian Subcontinent is inevitable. The
more this market grows, the more data is to be generated and it
will require a certain regulatory framework that protects the Indian
Users from misuse of their own data, as it can contain sensitive geolocation data, preferences, etc. So, definitely the ownership of data
lies with each individual user and it should be up-to that individual
whether or not to share the data for a given purpose.
Collected data should have a great security level. There are
certain regulations like UNECE that describes security as well.
My view is to work with international organisations to have a
common standard that could help all, the users, the OEMs as well
B2B data consumers. I believe the potential on data monetisation
possibilities are yet not yet determined in the market. One of our
own developed products, Ridewise is an example how OEMs can
make money with the data
Expectations from the government in terms of policy
and regulatory changes, if anyAs mentioned earlier, from Indian government, I expect some
standardisation and co-operation with international institutions creating
such policies and regulations like UNECE.
Furthermore, certain lifesaving services like emergency call could
be a mandate for the carmakers in India.
Valtech Mobility @Connected Vehicle Ecosystem
Valtech Mobility has an unparalleled and proven record of creating a
connected car eco-system for more than 10 international carmakers
including cloud, integration into infotainment and telematics units,
mobile apps for remote services as well as providing more than
60 different online services into 25+ Million cars in 65 different
countries. We bring a well-established and reliable partner network
of known tier 1 suppliers, offering required infotainment control
units, telematics control units, content providers for information,
entertainment, streaming purposes, (v)MNO and many more…
We can bring our technology know how, to this market and help
realise the required user experience.
Emerging Tech in Automotive
Automotive industry across the globe is now in a transition
Emerging technologies in the automotive industry
The automotive industry across the globe is now in a transition
stage. And currently, the most happening concept on which
many technologies are focusing is called the PACE (Personalised
Autonomous Connected and Electric). AI-ML algorithms could be
used to provide customers with a personalised experience and other
comforts. So to make autonomous driving a reality, Semicon players
are developing smart chips with new advanced sensor technologies
and complex centralised computing architectures that can replace the
current decentralised multiple ECU-based computing frameworks.
5G will be another enabler that connects the ecosystem framework
and provides the bandwidth that modern telematics players need.
With sustainability goals becoming a priority for countries, taxation
and regulation will force companies to move towards more ecofriendly electric cars, making customers reap the evolution of PACE.
Shift towards electric & hybrid vehicles in India and
role of automotive telematics, if any
Worldwide we can see the shift towards electric vehicles, driven
by a few major Western and Chinese OEMs. But some Japanese
OEMs favour the hybrid approach as they want a safer move to start
with. And in the Indian subcontinent, OEMs are trying to make
the existing models fully electric or hybrid because it will drive
Semicon players are developing smart
chips with new advanced sensor
technologies and complex centralised
computing architectures that can replace
the current decentralised multiple ECUbased computing frameworks.
profitability on their investments while the sales volume picks
up. We are also witnessing an increase in the launch of electric
models in the two-wheelers space. Even many state governments
have started pushing their public transport systems to become
fully electric. Customers will surely invest in a future-ready car in
terms of fuel and connectivity features. With the roll-out of 5G, the
customers will demand services that can utilise the potential of 5G,
creating a boom for the telematics domain. With cars becoming
more than just a means of transportation, the start-ups coming up
with technological disruptions and electronics and software leaders
with innovative mindsets will play a vital role during this transition
period.
SHINTO JOSEPH
DIRECTOR
SOUTH EAST ASIA
OPERATIONS
LDRA INDIA
Data security and storage in an emerging connected
ecosystem
Across the globe, for anything that is connected, security is a concern.
In the automotive industry, we have connectivity and security
issues at two levels—First, involving all internal sub-systems and
connectivity and security between those sub-systems; Second, the
security of external sub-systems, where telematics plays a significant
role. Therefore, increasing the attack surfaces means increasing the
security threat, even to the extent that a hacker can take control of
the vehicle and use it as a terror weapon. And this is the reason why
ISO SAE 21434 security standard is prevalent today and why ECU
shipped should be security compliant as per the new EU regulation. In
India, equivalents regulation will be enforced very soon, as connected
automotive can quickly become a national security challenge. While
a lot of data is produced and shared across various stakeholders, we
must develop proper standards and regulations on data security and
privacy in this area and our country. The introduction of ISRO’s
NavIC chipset is the right move in that direction.
New developments in LDRA
LDRA is a traditional product company from the UK with over 45+
years of successful track record in mission and safety-critical markets.
Traditionally we are known in the aerospace and defence industry. As
the automotive industry started evolving, the semiconductor industry,
particularly catering to the automotive sector, has become a focus
area for us. Our customer acquisition in the automotive sector was
phenomenally successful because we had mastered this game from
the aerospace industry long back. With increased software content in
modern cars, OEMs and vendors must create a testing and certification
framework for their functional safety and security compliance
requirements. This challenge is increasing day by day. Customers are
looking to accelerate the testing and certification phase, reducing
the time to market and bringing down overall project costs. We are
now working on productivity enhancement tools for the industry
and expanding our team in India to further develop our capabilities,
particularly in emerging business and technology domains.
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 7
Emerging Tech in Automotive
Indian manufacturing space has witnessed an accelerated
integration of technology and automation
improve overall operational efficiency, but it can also save on expenses,
considering that the cost of prototypes is huge. This is especially crucial
for EV development given the fast pace of EV technology evolution and
the fact that it is a relatively new industry.
SRIDHAR
DHARMARAJAN
EXECUTIVE VICE
PRESIDENT & MANAGING
DIRECTOR
HEXAGON
MANUFACTURING
INTELLIGENCE, INDIA
Can you briefly share about Hexagon’s business
activities in India?
The Indian manufacturing space has witnessed an accelerated
integration of technology and automation and Hexagon has dived in
headfirst to try and provide intelligent ‘phygital’ (physical + digital)
solutions to enable this. Our solutions span industries such as Ground
vehicles, aerospace, Systems Dynamics and ADAS, Acoustics, CFD,
Machinery, Manufacturing and Education.
Last year, we announced our collaboration with CMTI for a Smart
Manufacturing Centre for innovation and incubation. MSMEs can use
the facility to explore smart manufacturing, thereby giving them the
confidence to go back and use these technologies in their factories. This is
certainly a game-changer for us since it allows us to play a role in furthering
India’s goal of increasing GDP contribution from manufacturing. In
addition, our ‘Your challenge, our solution’ campaign was a successful one
where we solved challenges thrown to us by our customers to show them
how our technology can resolve their challenges. We have also taken some
active steps to help shore up indigenous R&D in India’s defence sector.
Where do you see Hexagon in the automotive sector in
India?
Hexagon is working closely with the automotive OEMs and
component manufacturers in India to help them get the product
right the first time and reduce the time to market by making the
manufacturing process intelligent. Hexagon plays across the breadth
of the automotive lifecycle right from design, production, quality,
and measurement. Also, we have been able to bring our experiences
from leading global automotive companies to Indian automotive
companies by providing consultancy right from the design to the
prototyping stage.
With traditional manufacturing, automotive companies typically
produce 50 to 100 prototypes of a particular vehicle, before
commercializing one of them. Smart manufacturing can reduce this
number to 10% or less. Through technology, manufacturers can simulate
the entire process digitally, rectify the problem areas and then replicate it
in the physical world. Not only does this reduce the margin of error and
8 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
What is your view about the connected vehicle
ecosystem in India? What are your views about
autonomous vehicles running on roads in India?
There is a perception that autonomous vehicles may not be feasible
in India given the unpredictability and chaos often associated with
Indian roads. However, given India’s massive scale, complexity and
breadth of use cases, cracking the autonomous vehicle puzzle in India
means cracking it for the world.
The diverse automotive ecosystem in India spans various automotive
OEMs that play in the passenger vehicle, commercial vehicle, and offroad segments and tier 1 and tier 2 automotive suppliers. It also includes
technology providers such as engineering service providers, disruptive
start-ups, homologation agencies, HD map providers, and semiconductor
companies. India is already a hub for R&D in autonomous vehicles and
ADAS. All major automotive players have their largest centres here in
India. India also has perhaps the largest volume of trained engineers in the
world.
Hexagon has been working closely with the Indian automotive
ecosystem including government bodies and regulators to help shape the
future of autonomous vehicles in India. In addition to automobiles, there
is considerable opportunity for autonomous vehicles to be used in more
predictable environments such as agriculture, logistics etc.
Do you think connected and autonomous vehicles could
help reduce the cost of logistics and transport in India
from its current level?
There is potential for autonomous vehicles to be used in the
logistics industry in India. They can bring several advantages such as
360-degree visibility which could help reduce accidents and improve
traffic efficiency.
Also, self-driving transport vehicles can be built not just to transport
goods but also to combine other process steps such as loading and
unloading to increase the overall efficiency of an entire process.
What are your views about start-ups in automotive?
Any specific area where you think startups could look
into?
The Indian automotive start-up ecosystem has been buzzing with
activity to leverage the immense opportunities at play. So, there
is tremendous scope in areas such as two-wheelers, transport
and logistics etc. The popularity of EVs throws up several allied
opportunities such as EV batteries, charging ecosystems etc. to name
a few.
Technical Insight
AUTOMOTIVE ETHERNET NETWORKS ARE
CHANGING THE SECURITY PARADIGM
MICHAL FRENKEL
Argus Cyber Security
O
ne of the more significant
developments in vehicle
architectures in recent years is
the emergence of automotive
Ethernet networks (alongside traditional
CAN bus networks). Beyond changing
vehicle architectures, automotive Ethernet
is also shaking up the way OEMs and Tier
1 suppliers think about in-vehicle security.
To protect Ethernet in-vehicle networks
and ECUs from growing cyber threats and
to comply with new industry regulations,
many automakers have elected to deploy
intrusion detection and prevention systems
(IDPS).
Let’s explore the reasons behind the
Automotive Ethernet
is being used in
connected and
autonomous vehicles to
provide the wideband
communication
necessary to support
autonomous driving
and other advanced
applications. Not
only is automotive
Ethernet transforming
vehicle architectures,
it’s also changing the
cybersecurity paradigm.
transition to Ethernet networks and its
implications for automotive security
design, as well as reviewing best practices
for implementing IDPS within a vehicle
network.
continue to operate side-by-side in modern
vehicle architectures.
The Need for Speed
The Ethernet protocol has been commonly
used in IT networks in offices and homes
for more than 30 years. But automotive
Ethernet networks are substantially
different than your office LAN.
In the IT world, networks are constantly
changing. People connect and disconnect
many different devices (e.g., phone, laptop)
and different apps on a frequent, ongoing
basis. This means the network needs to
support dynamic operations using, for
example, dynamic IP address allocation,
additional protocols and ports.
In vehicles, most network components
are known (e.g., switches, ECUs, protocols,
etc.) before you even connect them to
the network. This allows automakers to
structure the network and define static
IP addresses, ports and even to specify
the messages between ECUs, before the
network is even physically connected.
After years of using the different variants of
CAN bus as the almost-exclusive in-vehicle
network type, many OEMs are moving
towards hybrid in-vehicle networks that
comprise both Ethernet and traditional
CAN bus networks.
There are several factors behind this
transition, and they’re all related to the
need for faster data processing. The growth
in sensors, cameras and the emergence of
autonomous driving functionality dictate
the transfer of complex data at higher
throughput rates. Autonomous vehicles,
for example, require high-performance
computing to make decisions in real-time
that profoundly affect the safety and lives of
passengers and pedestrians.
Despite their reliability, CAN networks
are limited in bandwidth and cannot
deliver the throughput needed for today’s
new applications. CAN networks can
typically deliver up to 5 Mbps, while new
Ethernet networks are already supporting
a throughput of 1 Gbps. This huge upgrade,
enabling wideband communication within
the vehicle network, sparked the transition
to automotive Ethernet a few years ago.
That’s not to say that CAN is going to
disappear. CAN is a reliable and low-cost
solution for certain types of ECUs. In terms
of logic, CAN networks operate on a bus
(one-to-many/broadcast communications),
while Ethernet is more suited for point-topoint communications. For these and other
reasons, CAN and Ethernet will most likely
Don’t Confuse
Automotive Ethernet
with Your Office LAN
Sample Automotive
Ethernet Network
To understand what this looks like in a
typical vehicle architecture, consider the
following example.
For reference, this hybrid vehicle
network can be divided into three domains
(ADAS, body, and connectivity) that
are connected via a centralized Ethernet
gateway. Ethernet traffic from sensors
(A2 and A3) and CAN traffic from ECUs
(B2 and B3) are being sent through highperformance computers (HPCs). These
HPCs are connected via Ethernet to the
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 9
main gateway responsible for routing traffic
between domains. Communication ECUs
(C1-C3) connected to the outside world
(cellular, WIFI) are also sending Ethernet
traffic to the main switch.
From a security standpoint, the question
is how to protect such a connected vehicle
network from malicious and unauthorized
traffic.
Drivers for Automotive
Cybersecurity
Implementing cyber protection in
automotive networks is driven by two
main factors: security value and regulatory
compliance.
As vehicles become more connected and
software-driven, there is a growing need to
protect them from cyber-attacks that are
liable to affect critical vehicle functionality
and functional safety (e.g., airbags, braking
system, etc.), potentially endangering lives
and resulting in expensive recalls.
AUTO ISAC, an industry-driven
community to share and analyze
intelligence about emerging cybersecurity
risks to vehicles, has outlined the tactics and
techniques commonly used by attackers
to penetrate vehicle networks. The most
common attacks include spoofing, denial
of service, scanning, fuzzing and data
manipulation. With respect to Ethernet
networks, all attack types found in the IT
world are also relevant for automotive.
Most of these network-level cyber
10 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
attacks comprise the following stages:
● An attacker finds a vulnerability (via
scanning or fuzzing) in connected
ECUs.
● The attacker exploits the vulnerability
to get remote access to the ECU and
compromises it.
● The attacker then moves laterally within
the in-vehicle network to compromise
ECUs in other domains.
The network's cyber protection
mechanism must be capable of detecting
attack techniques used to initiate these
attacks such as HW access, scanning for
network elements, lateral movement, data
collection, and exfiltration. An example
of such a mechanism is the Automotive
IDPS (intrusion detection and prevention
system), which we will elaborate on later.
Compliance, Compliance,
Compliance
The second driver for automotive IDPS
is the need to comply with new industry
regulations, such as UNR 155 and GB/T,
that require OEMs to monitor incidents and
risks to their vehicle fleets over the entire
lifecycle. UNR 155 has already become a
de facto standard in Europe and Japan. The
next milestone will take place in July 2024,
when all new and existing vehicle types will
also be subject to UNR 155 type approval
for cyber security.
Annex 5 of UNR 155 specifically requires
mitigation of threats related to “vehicle
communication channels,” such as message
spoofing, unauthorized data manipulation
and access, replay attacks, denial of service
attacks and malicious internal messages
(among others). While UNR 155 doesn’t
call for the use of a specific tool, IDPS is
ideal for detecting and mitigating these
types of threats.
Protecting In-Vehicle
Networks with
Automotive IDPS
A common security tool in the IT world,
IDPS (intrusion detection and prevention
system) is used to monitor and analyze
network traffic and prevent potential attacks
on a network or its endpoints.
Automotive IDPS inspects in-vehicle
traffic in real-time, detects and can possibly
block malicious communication based on
predefined rules. Since in-vehicle networks
are based on known communications (e.g.,
pre-defined services, pre-defined video
streams, pre-defined connections between
ECUs), the inspection component knows
exactly what type of traffic to allow (i.e.,
whitelist) - anything else is considered a bug
or an attack.
The goal of automotive IDPS is to detect
all attacks without false positives. The fact
that traffic is well-defined and limited in
type enables the use of predefined rules
with zero (or negligible) false positives.
This level of accuracy is important as it saves
valuable bandwidth and resources within
the vehicle network, which are free to carry
out other important functions.
Where to Implement
Automotive IDPS in
Vehicle Networks?
Most automakers today understand the
need for automotive IDPS. As IDPS can be
implemented on any ECU, or only on the
most compromised ECUs, the question is
how to do inspection in the most efficient
manner.
One option is to deploy the inspection
component on each ECU. This means
deploying multiple IDS instances (per
the number of ECUs), which increases
complexity, degrades ECU performance
and requires multiple integrations. This
option also undermines the key goals of
automakers - to maximize efficiency and
reduce costs. These goals can be achieved
by minimizing the number of inspections
needed to achieve the desired result. Clearly,
it doesn’t make sense to check the traffic at
every single point in the network.
A preferable and less costly alternative
is to perform inspection at one or a few
centralized locations, according to the
complexity of the vehicle architecture.
But the question is where? Based on our
example, if you deploy IDPS solely on the
main switch, you won’t be able to detect
malicious traffic between sensors A2 and
A3. In this example, the solution should be
IDPS instances on each switch to cover all
the Ethernet traffic. Thus, the IDPS location
really depends on the particular vehicle
architecture and how the packets are routed.
In addition, there are mechanisms in
the switches themselves that can do part of
the inspection. This technique has a smaller
performance impact than deploying IDS
on the switch and reduces the resources
consumed from the switch for inspection.
Leveraging this technique requires
knowledge of how to configure the switches
using the right logic, including setting of
filters, rate limits, etc.
How to Efficiently
Configure Your IDPS
Efficient configuration is essential for
maximizing results and performance from
your IDPS implementation. Keep in mind
that not all users are cybersecurity experts,
so it’s important to make the configuration
process as easy and smooth as possible.
The arXML file contains most of the
relevant information (e.g., ECU information,
and
ECUs
c o m m u n i c at i o n ,
etc.)
and
definitions of the
vehicle
network.
Generating
the
IDPS
inspection
logic
(whitelists,
blacklists,
DPI,
etc.) from this
single source makes
it easier to create
the
inspection
configuration. Once
you set the required
parameters
for
generating
IDPS
configuration, most of the inspection can be
done automatically.
Bottom Line
Automotive Ethernet is being used in
connected and autonomous vehicles
to provide the wideband communication
necessary to support autonomous driving
and other advanced applications. Not
only is automotive Ethernet transforming
vehicle architectures, it’s also changing the
cybersecurity paradigm.
Vehicle manufacturers seeking to secure
their fleets and comply with regulations
are deploying IDPS solutions for their
in-vehicle Ethernet networks. To ensure
a successful and cost-effective IDPS
implementation, OEMs must decide where
to implement the intrusion component and
how to configure it in the most efficient
manner.
AUTHORS
MICHAL FRENKEL
VP PRODUCTS & STRATEGY
ARGUS CYBER SECURITY
Michal holds a BSc degree in Computer Science from The
Hebrew University and a master’s degree in Computer Science
from Bar Ilan University. Throughout her career, Michal has
led product lines in various fields including SaaS, vulnerability
management, virtualization, and more.
RAN BEN TZVI
IDPS PRODUCT MANAGER
Ran is a cybersecurity and networking expert with over a decade
of experience in development and product management. Ran
holds a B.Sc. in computer science from the Open University of
Israel and is passionate about exploring new technologies and
staying at the forefront of the cybersecurity industry.
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 11
Technical Insight
FROM VEHICLES TO EVERYTHING – WHY C-V2X IS
ENABLING THE CONNECTED FUTURE OF TRANSPORT
DINESH PATKAR
Quectel Wireless Solutions
Cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) technology is set to revolutionize how IoT is utilized in transportation and other sectors because of the
robust connectivity it provides that enables vehicles to understand and react to their environments in real-time. Although driverless cars remain
many years away, C-V2X is a foundational technology for increased automation and providing richer information to drivers and from vehicles to
infrastructure (V2I) and other vehicles (V2V), explains Dinesh Patkar, Sales Director - India, Quectel Wireless Solutions.
U
sing either LTE or 5G, C-V2X
can efficiently and securely
connect pedestrians, vehicles,
roads and other transportation
devices. This creates a smart transportation
system powered by the ability C-V2X
enables to collect information from
multiple sources and enable innovative new
offerings, relying on the ubiquitous, secure,
high-speed, low latency connectivity that
LTE and 5G can offer.
C-V2X offers two modes of
communication – direct and network.
Direct communication between vehicles,
infrastructure and other road users is
enabled on the intelligent transport system
(ITS) spectrum that has been identified
and harmonized internationally for safety
purposes. This works independently of
cellular networks and forms the basis for
standardized, global safety-related systems.
Network communication, in which
C-V2X uses the mobile network to receive
information, enables C-V2X platforms to
combine secure, wide area, short range
connectivity in a single module and opens
up appealing new use cases from assisted
driving to richer infotainment experiences.
The ultimate destination might be
enablement of fully automated self-driving
vehicles but the low latency of 5G C-V2X,
in particular, enables new business models
today. We foresee use cases in conserving
resources, reducing pollution, eliminating
accidents and optimizing transport
efficiency that rely on C-V2X connectivity.
In addition, steps towards automated
driving such as support for the various
12 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
levels of advanced driver assistance systems
(ADAS) will be enabled by connecting
sensors, cameras and car data networks.
Services such as pay-as-you-drive insurance,
vehicle maintenance and diagnostics,
infotainment and safety features such as
eCall will all be supported by C-V2X.
This goes some way to explaining
why adoption is already advancing. ABI
Research predicts that by 2025 there will
be more than 10 million vehicles capable
of short range V2X communication with
cellular connectivity available in 346
million vehicles and smart city cellular
connections exceeding 165 million. This
indicates a connected ecosystem of vehicles,
infrastructure and people is coming together
and crystalizing the value C-V2X can add.
Why C-V2X?
C-V2X offers a series of advantages to
different types of users. For vehicle makers,
the combination of secure wide area and
short-range connectivity in a single module
delivers a versatile and cost-efficient way to
improve safety while also taking advantage
of cellular technology’s strong security.
Vehicle makers can take advantage of 4G and
5G economies of scale to select products
from vendors to suit their needs and
position themselves to monetize innovative
new services around the connected vehicle.
For road operators, C-V2X allows for
direct communications in the 5.9GHz
intelligent transport systems (ITS)
band to be supplemented by cellular
communications ensuring high service
availability and reliability. The arrival of
5G networks will allow for high volume
data transfer and the low latency that
many automotive applications demand.
This improved performance has the
potential to reduce the density of roadside
infrastructure, thereby saving money.
For users and society in general,
C-V2X uses familiar, established cellular
technology to provide the coverage and
low latency that safety-critical applications
demand. The potential to enable assisted
driving, avoid accidents and support
communication between vehicles and
infrastructure opens up the possibility
of safer, faster journeys with increased
automation making experiences better
for drivers. As developments accelerate,
assisted driving will reduce errors and the
load on drivers, enabling them to participate
in infotainment and other tasks.
The well-understood 4G and 5G
cellular technologies that underpin C-V2X
help because the existing ecosystem is
already wide and this will ensure attractive
applications are easy to develop, and that
users trust the security and resilience of the
network. C-V2X introduces an era in which
vehicles will be seen to be protecting their
users while also minimizing environmental
impact and facilitating maximized
efficiency. Put simply, C-V2X enables richer,
faster, safer, optimized journeys at great
cost efficiency in comparison to alternative
technologies.
There are alternatives to C-V2X that
rely on non-cellular networks but these
don’t offer the globally standardized,
familiar technologies framework of cellular
technology. An obvious comparison is V2X
with 802.11p-based alternatives but these
are limited because they offer lower system
performance in terms of spectral efficiency,
weaker security and greater latency. At the
other extreme, satellite communication can
be too costly for the volume of continuous
communications that V2X demands with
coverage too patchy and latency too great
for many use cases.
Modules for C-V2X use
cases
As uptake of C-V2X accelerates across
the globe, automotive original equipment
manufacturers (OEMs) need to deploy
modules in their vehicles that enable them to
connect to and utilize C-V2X infrastructure
and systems. Quectel has created a portfolio
of modules that combine essential C-V2X
capabilities and help streamline solution
design.
Available in Europe, the Quectel
AG55xQ is an automotive grade 5G
NR sub-6GHz module which meets
the 3GPP Release 15 specification and
supports both standalone (SA) and nonstandalone (NSA) modes. The AG55xQ
supports maximum downlink rates of
2.4Gbps and uplink rates of 550Mbps for
5G NR, and maximum downlink rates of
1.6Gbps and uplink rates of 200Mbps for
LTE-A. The AG55xQ supports C-V2X
PC5 direct communications as well as
Dual SIM Dual Activation (DSDA),
provides numerous interfaces to enable
application development, and offers strong
performance in electro-static discharge
(ESD) and electro-magnetic interference
(EMI) protection, ensuring robustness
in harsh environments. The AG55xQ is
therefore an ideal solution for automotive
applications, providing manufacturers and
tier-1 suppliers with secure, reliable and
flexible connected vehicle solutions, paving
the way for safer roads, more efficient
traffic, and autonomous cars. The module
is deployed in telematics boxes, telematics
control units, advanced driver-assistance
systems, C-V2X (V2V, V2I, V2P) systems,
on-board units and roadside units.
The Quectel AG52xR is a series of
automotive grade LTE category 6/12
modules which supports maximum
downlink rates of 600Mbps and uplink
rates of 150Mbps under LTE category 12.
The module supports C-V2X PC5 direct
communications and a rich set of internet
protocols, industry-standard interfaces and
USB drivers for Windows 7/8/8.1/10,
Linux and eCall. These allow the AG52xR
to serve a wide range of IoT applications
in industrial, consumer and automotive
markets. The AG52xR is especially
suitable for automotive applications such
as fleet management, vehicle tracking, in-
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 13
vehicle navigation systems, remote vehicle
monitoring, remote vehicle control, remote
vehicle diagnostics, security monitoring
and alarms, vehicle wireless routing and incar entertainment.
The Quectel AG15 is an automotive
grade C-V2X module designed and
manufactured
according
to
IATF
16949:2016 standards. It is designed for
use in extremely harsh environments and
provides superior ESD/EMI protection
performance. Through C-V2X PC5 direct
communications, the AG15 makes traffic
smoother and more efficient and paves the
way for automated driving and achieving
the goal of fully connected traffic. Based
on 3GPP Release 14 compliant LTEV2X direct communications, the AG15
supports vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicleto-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-topedestrian (V2P) communications on
the unified 5.9GHz ITS band without the
need for a (U)SIM, cellular subscription
or network assistance. It is able to
meet connected vehicles’ demand of
communication with lower latency, higher
reliability and high throughput. The AG15
is a global V2X communication solution to
meet enhanced driving safety, autonomous
driving, ITS and ADAS application
demands.
The Quectel AG57xQ is a series of
automotive grade 5G NR Sub-6 GHz
modules that support maximum 2.2 Gbps
downlink and 550 Mbps uplink data rates
at 5G NSA mode, and maximum 800 Mbps
downlink and 200 Mbps uplink data rates
at LTE-A. Supporting optional C-V2X
PC5 direct communications, the AG57xQ
series is a great solution for automotive
applications and makes the traffic smoother
and more efficient through paving the way
for automated driving and achieving the
goal of fully connected traffic. With the
AG57xQ series, we are able to provide
automotive OEMs and tier-1 suppliers with
secure and reliable connected car solutions,
and also provide vehicle manufacturers
smart and flexible solutions to build selfdriving cars. More specifically, the module
will be commonly found in telematics
boxes (T-Box), telematics control units
(TCU),
advanced
driver-assistance
systems (ADAS), C-V2X (V2V, V2I, V2P)
systems, on-board units (OBU), roadside
units (RSU), and other automotive/traffic
systems.
In addition to this wide choice of
modules that support C-V2X, Quectel,
as a global IoT solution provider offers
its extensive portfolio of embedded
and external antennas, Connectivityas-a-Service and its range of IoT device
certification and testing services. Quectel
Certification Services span regulatory,
conformance and carrier compliance plus
certifications of industry-specific devices
and environmental and safety-related
certifications. To further help customers,
Quectel offers its pre-scan service in its
own labs so certification compliance can
be assessed before applying to certification
authorities, thereby saving time on noncompliant
certification
applications.
Quectel also offers technical support
facilities and debugging solutions to address
common, and not so common, certification
issues. Quectel’s capabilities include project
management, all paperwork tasks, dealing
with labs and carriers, checking the test
scope and making the minimum test scope,
providing the necessary on-site support
and providing testing and debugging. In
addition, Quectel will fix issues as they arise
and negotiate waivers where appropriate.
Global C-V2X roll-outs
Although the C-V2X specification is mature,
deployments across the world are underway
at varying paces as 5G and automotive
AUTHOR
DINESH PATKAR
REGIONAL SALES DIRECTOR- INDIA
QUECTEL WIRELESS SOLUTIONS
Dinesh Patkar has been leading sales in India for Quectel
Wireless Solutions since 2011. He holds an engineering
degree and has over three decades of industry experience,
having worked in leadership positions with Advent, Arrow
Electronics, Memes Unique and Avnet Max.
14 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
infrastructure continues to be installed
and different jurisdictions place different
requirements on automotive OEMs. In
Europe, for example, ABI Research reports
there are suggestions in the industry that
inclusion of V2X in the 2025 Euro NCAP
vehicle safety rating scheme will be delayed
to 2027 due to insufficient time to develop
new test protocols. While the NCAP has
not officially confirmed any changes, there
is consensus that if the 2025 timeframe
is maintained, it will focus on early, more
simple use cases. There is also consensus
that 2027 will be the inflection point for
mass adoption because a complete range of
richer, more complex use cases will become
part of the Euro NCAP scoring.
In the US, the recent dismissal of the
appeal against the FCC’s 5.9GHz spectrum
proceedings means that C-V2X has a clear
path and should spur the FCC to grant the
existing C-V2X waiver requests faster. On
the downside, the US may not have enough
spectrum for some advanced cooperative
perception use cases in the future. In China,
C-V2X is currently found in low-volume
premium vehicle models, but there are at
least 25 OEMs in different stages of V2X
production in the country. COVID-19
lockdowns and discussions about the
GNSS positioning standard slowed down
deployments in 2022, says ABI Research.
However, shipments of vehicles with C-V2X
will grow exponentially in 2023, surpassing
the one million mark as carmakers prepare
for China NCAP 2025.
These varying rates of adoption and
development paint a picture of C-V2X as a
clearly defined and well-established model
for connecting vehicles. However, different
markets are moving at different speeds
which should be seen as the normal path to
maturity taken by technologies. What is clear
is that all markets see C-V2X as the enabling
technology behind current connected
vehicle use cases and as the foundational
enabler of automated driving and very rich
applications in the automotive sector in the
near future. In just a few years the current
variation in adoption rates across the world
will level out and C-V2X will be deployed
globally and at scale. Quectel’s portfolio of
C-V2X modules, antennas and testing and
certification services is ready to support this
massive growth as the automotive industry
accelerates into its connected future.
Technical Insight
THE IN-VEHICLE EXPERIENCE WILL SEE
AUTOMOTIVE’S NEXT BIG DISRUPTION:
DIGITAL COCKPITS AND THE FUTURE OF IVI
The automotive world is being forced to evolve to growing customer demands and increasing societal pressures. Drivers want true mobile
app integration, not systems that piggyback the car’s IVI; they want richer in-vehicle experiences and high-level automated driver aids (ADAS).
Alongside this, society is pushing the transition to electric power and for improvements in vehicle safety.
This shift to EVs isn’t just challenging drivetrain engineers. In-car user interface designers are up against it too. They must define how to share
critical EV information, like battery state and charging locations, with drivers. Carmakers also must figure out how to build IVI systems faster, so
that they mirror our digital lives, where apps and features are developed and updated regularly. On top of that, they must develop ways to keep
IVI systems fresh for the life of the vehicle.
What’s happening for carmakers, suppliers and OEMS is more revolution, than evolution. Revolution brings big changes in how business is
done. While it’s too soon to say exactly how the industry will change and restructure, automotive businesses are beginning to see what lies ahead
and what they must do to capitalize.
Cesar Arego, Business Development Manager Digital Cockpit at TomTom, says we’re witnessing a new wave of disruption in automotive. We sat
down with Cesar to find out how the automotive world is changing and what carmakers need to do to prepare for what lies ahead.
What are some of the biggest
challenges and changes you’ve
seen in the automotive industry?
When I first started 15 years ago,
infotainment system integrators and tier
ones were doing everything on their own.
This has been the source of many challenges
and changes that followed.
Back in those days, tier ones would take
a map from a supplier, like TomTom or
its competitors, and do something called
compilation. This is essentially repackaging
the map for their own applications. In some
cases, it took hundreds of people to repack
the map; each car line, each customer and
each car brand getting a slightly different
flavor.
In parallel to map compilation, using the
repackaged maps, tier ones began developing
in-vehicle infotainment (IVI) navigation
software by themselves, for a small number
of luxury-focused clients. But creating
navigation systems is very labor- and capitalintensive. These companies constantly faced
resource, engineering and development
challenges. It was a laborious process and
ultimately proved unsustainable.
What were the problems with the
way those IVI systems were being
built? And how did this change?
Compiling maps and building navigation
systems in this way gave developers at tier
ones a lot of control, but this was not the
tier one’s core focus — making it difficult
for them to offer best in class products.
They were also rebuilding a map and satnav
for each IVI system and car. It was a lot of
repetitive work.
Early IVI systems needed to be
developed in this way to coincide with
vehicle development lifecycles. Software
had to be locked in up to a year before the
car entered production and couldn’t be
modified afterwards. By the time the car
model reaches the end of its production life,
the IVI software could be up to eight years
old.
That way of development doesn’t
allow carmakers to meet the expectations
of modern drivers. It’s an inefficient way
of doing business. With key software
disruptions arriving to the industry, how IVI
systems are developed is evolving and it’s
allowing carmakers, suppliers, tier ones and
OEMs to explore new, more collaborative,
ways of doing business.
Some carmakers now are making IVI
systems and digital cockpit software much
faster — in just 18 months. What’s more,
they’re doing it alongside the development
of the vehicles. Locking software in years
ahead of production is becoming a thing of
the past.
What’s the most significant change
you’ve seen inside the vehicle?
What disruptions lead to this?
In a first wave of disruption, we saw the
invention of high-tech IVI systems. After
this, a second wave brought a reconfiguration
of how these systems are made.
After many years dedicating their
scarce resources to making mapping and
navigation systems, car companies and
tier ones pursued more cost effective and
efficient means of production by partnering
with mapping and navigation specialists,
like TomTom. The thinking was, “Let them
figure out how to make the best possible
navigation and we’ll take care of everything
else.”
In fact, back in 2012, a Japanese carmaker
came to me and asked if we could take
over map compilation. As it had been a
focus for us, we’d gotten quite good at it
and were able to recompile maps faster and
more frequently — four times a year. The
automaker was only able to get it done once
a year.
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 15
Hi-res photo of interviewee:
Profile of author: (See final section
Little by little, we’ve seen carmakers,
OEMs and tier ones drop their navigation
departments and dedicate their valuable
resources to other parts of the infotainment
system — that’s what they are experts
on. This has allowed them to make highly
functional, and high performing in-vehicle
systems, whilst also delivering useful and
accurate mapping and navigation that keep
up with changes in the world.
And now, we’re at the beginning of a third
wave of disruption with the arrival of Android
Automotive. It’s presenting carmakers with
more choice and opportunity with how they
make their in-vehicle systems. And, I think,
it’s the start of a new era of digital cockpits,
which will be more intuitive, feature rich and
constantly evolving - ones which provide
an experience much closer to our mobile
phones.
All these changes boil down to speed.
The first and second waves of disruption
allowed car companies to deliver fresher
navigation through faster and more frequent
map compilation and navigation system
development. And now, the latest wave of
disruption allows a faster and more frequent
update of the entire IVI creation framework.
frequently mentioned. It’s become
a benchmark for the automotive
industry, tell me about that.
The mobile phone has become a benchmark
through its ubiquity and because phone
experiences are more modern than what
we have in cars. The software for a phone
might be locked in just weeks before it enters
production, most cars are locked in up to
one year before they roll off the production
line. By the time you’re driving the car, it
feels old compared to other tech in your life.
We’re incredibly familiar with their user
experiences too. Drivers expect that phone
experience in their vehicles. Drivers want
regular updates, high-definition displays,
they want their favorite music app, they want
their calendars to sync with the navigation to
offer routes based on where they need to be
and when.
Also, phones are continuously updated.
Apps are refreshed and new apps keep
the experience fresh and relevant. The
predominant IVI systems in the market
today are fixed for the life of the car, though
there are some exceptions to that rule. Overthe-air updates are still unusual in the auto
industry.
When talking about digital
cockpits, mobile phones are
What will this third wave of
disruption bring? How does the
industry need to adapt to this?
I think with this disruption, comes
empowerment. In short, with Android
Automotive, carmakers, tier ones and
suppliers will be better positioned to work
together, focus resources and work quickly
to build IVI systems.
The expectations of drivers today mean
that carmakers can no longer lock software
in years before production. They must be
more agile, flexible and design systems to be
updatable. They need to work faster.
I want to see more collaboration in the
industry. I want to see tier ones, OEMs,
carmakers and suppliers work together to
bring all areas of our expertise together.
By focusing their dedicated resources on
fine tuning their digital cockpit and using
the best parts of what the IVI industry
has to offer, carmakers will be able to
create sexy software in the car. And thanks
to the collaboration, how much of that
development the carmaker does, will be its
own choice.
An EV startup can choose premade apps
and services to get moving quickly, while a
big OEM can make a larger part themselves
on top of Android Automotive. It’s the same
platform, but flexible to the needs of the
company.
It’s like an all-star rock ‘n’ roll band.
High resolution images for the art
Preview, full res attached separately:
The TomTom Digital Cockpit allows carmakers to take full advantage of different screen arrangements and provide their customers with
beautiful and fresh in-vehicle experiences.
16 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
Bringing together best in the industry,
the best bass, the best guitar, vocalist and
producer. When they are supported to play
together, they’ll make the best music. The
challenge will be getting everyone to work
together!
This amount of collaboration is a totally
new way of working, but it’s one that must
happen if carmakers are going to make the
in-vehicle experiences that drivers and
passengers will love.
What will digital cockpits of the
future look like?
The car of today is very different to that
of 20, 10, or even five years ago. Drivers
expect to get in the car and have what was
playing on their phone’s music app pop up
on their infotainment screen. They expect
those screens to be high definition and have
a beautiful interface. Drivers expect their
digital lives to seamlessly merge into their
vehicles. 10 years ago, this was a dream, but
now, it’s a possibility. Soon these kinds of
features will be the things every carmaker
needs to offer to be competitive.
Digital cockpits of the future will need
to be intuitive, easy to use, great looking and
offer seamless integration with mobile apps.
For carmakers and OEMs, the future of how
digital cockpits are made will enable faster
time to market, more customization and
deep integration of ADAS and EV features
with navigation. Once the initial foundation
is built, IVIs need only be tailored for each
vehicle, not rebuilt from scratch.
What does the industry need to
know to be able to respond to the
disruption of how digital cockpits
are made?
There’ll be a lot of work at the beginning,
building the foundation of the IVI system.
But carmakers should invest in it! The payoff
will come later when auto brands won’t have
to re-develop the same system over and over.
When starting on this digital cockpit
journey, I would advise carmakers to really
do their homework first. To find out who
the best suppliers and collaborators are for
the features they want to add to their digital
cockpit.
Perhaps it’ll be the OEMs that have the
biggest task, as they’re like the rock ‘n’ roll
band’s producer! They’re the ones that must
orchestrate the collaboration and bring
everything together. But, as I said, when they
do, great music will be made.
Carmakers will also have to exploit the
faster time to market and be reactive to
user and industry feedback. There are many
consumer reports that rank IVI systems on
their speed, freshness and functionality. If
you don’t score highly on these third-party
tests, you’re not going to be taken seriously.
So, automakers, OEMS and everyone else
needs to be ready to respond to these results
and build the features drivers want.
How is TomTom helping carmakers
build the most exciting and fresh
digital cockpits?
TomTom was part of the first two waves
of disruption and it’s very much driving
the third. TomTom is helping push digital
cockpits forward with our own platform: the
TomTom Digital Cockpit.
It’s an open, Android Automotive-based
system, that’s designed with flexibility,
modularity and modern driving experiences
in mind. We say it’s sort of like Lego, the
foundation is the same whatever you do
with it, and then on top of this, you can drop
pre-made blocks to build a fully functional
digital cockpit, or you can build your own
blocks to create something more bespoke.
TomTom’s Digital Cockpit platform
brings with it a growing ecosystem of bigname partners too. So, while there’s going
to be more collaboration in the industry,
TomTom is doing its best to take the pain
out of having to collaborate with potentially
hundreds of partners and app providers.
This means, through TomTom, carmakers
will get access to products, services and apps
from the likes of Spotify, Amazon Alexa,
Amazon Music, but also region-specific
services, like those in India from Quest
Global, for engineering, or Gaana, for music.
Working in this way gives quick, easy and
customizable access to voice assistants,
system integrations and entertainment apps.
Digital cockpits built on TomTom’s
platform are easily tailored and visually
altered for each car model. They can also be
updated over-the-air, letting carmakers keep
their in-vehicle experiences fresh, modern
and up to date for the changing needs of
drivers.
As we did with map compilation, and
then navigation systems, what we’re trying
to do is help the automotive industry make
CESAR AREGO
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
MANAGER
TOMTOM DIGITAL COCKPIT
Cesar Arego has worked directly
at auto OEMs like Ford and
through leading experts like
ZF and TomTom, to create car
electronics and infotainment
devices around the world. He
holds MSc from both Cranfield
University (UK) and MSMK
(Spain). Cesar is passionate
about bridging the benefits of
high-tech sector innovations
into automotive development. In
his current role, he is the global
business development lead for
TomTom Digital Cockpit. Cesar
lives in Madrid (Spain).
the best use of its limited resources and bring
together the best partners in the world. Tier
ones, OEMs and suppliers are all experts in
their core business, if we create an industry
where each player can focus on what they
do best — if we create a platform that allows
carmakers to iterate IVIs faster and more
frequently — we’re going to create the
wonderful digital cockpits and in-vehicle
experiences that drivers are demanding.
But it will need a completely new way
of working. More collaboration! Like the
all-star band coming together! Hopefully,
TomTom’s platform helps the band (or
carmaker) make the best music they can.
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 17
Technical Insight
SOFTWARE-DEFINED VEHICLES ON
THE ROAD TO THE FUTURE
SHIVALIK PRASAD
Sibros
“Hardware and internal combustion engine have reigned supreme in the automotive space for more than a hundred years. But a revolution is
underway, with change happening on the fast lane: Players who move slowly may find themselves overtaken.”
T
his decade will see a rapid shift
not only to electric propulsion
systems, but to vehicles
dominated by electronics.
The software-defined vehicle (SDV) is
speedily gaining traction, and the acronym
CASE (Connected, Autonomous, Shared,
Electrical) frames the conversation.
The
challenges,
however,
are
considerable. An industry that has long
seen itself as manufacturing hardware
to be purchased by
its customers has to
undergo the massive
metamorphosis
to
writing software and
offering services as
subscriptions.
But if the challenges
are considerable, the
potential is enormous.
The move to CASE
and SDV opens up
opportunities of whole
life cycle monetization
for OEMs, options to optimize and
personalize their vehicles for drivers,
and ways to reduce costs and improve
performance for the commercial vehicle
industry.
Connected Vehicle
Technology to Realize
the SDV
There are some fundamental requirements
to any solution supposed to be an enabler in
this space: The solution has to cope with any
given model and version of hardware and
software because vehicles will incorporate
18 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
a great variety of those; the solution will
have to be safe and secure because new
attack vectors may arise and the protection
of all road users is imperative; the solution
has to be economical because there will be
volumes of data in transit and at rest never
before seen in the car space.
Sibros’ Deep Connected Platform
(DCP) delivers on the three pillars for the
connected vehicle: software updates to
all electronic control units (ECUs), high
frequency data collection from all ECUs,
and remote commands to any ECU. We
have both in-vehicle components as well
as cloud components to make it seamless
for every vehicle under any platform
irrespective of the hardware specifications.
It is the only solution on the market that
is hardware agnostic and it is one of the
first to be ASIL-D certified according to
ISO 26262, the highest functional safety
standard for automotive. The DCP, with
embedded firmware validated to run on all
major telematics control units and gateway
platforms and combinations, requires
very little memory and CPU capacity and
compresses data to save on transmission
costs.
Some use cases will illustrate how
this comprehensive tool brings modern
mobility forward.
Use Cases for OEMs
To a certain extent the engineering
departments will have to get used to the
fact that their organization is not a core
hardware shop any more.
This does not only mean
that development cycles
and other work habits are
changing, it is a profound
shift that does not come
easily. On the bright side,
engineering departments
will have a whole different
data foundation to develop
future features. Simulation,
for example, with all its
problems and pitfalls, can
be replaced by billions
of data points from real-world use. This
enables accomplishments like the reductive
design of features that may have been
unused, misused, abused before. It may
enable the redefinition of battery size for
a certain market and it certainly will boost
ADAS and related functions, an enormous
and impactful market.
A major use case is vehicle as a service.
It involves aspects such as the management
of vehicle locations, mileage limits, remote
roadside assistance, payment services, usagebased insurance, and OTA maintenance.
To successfully implement such a business
model, information like trip data, driver
behavior monitoring, location tracking, and
connected diagnostics for remote/assisted
repairs needs to be available.
Sibros currently enables a unique
business
models
for
European
manufacturers such as 16-tonne allelectric freightliner, luxury vehicles with
an ambitious goal of 100% software
updates and data logging for production
vehicles. To this end, the Deep Logger and
Deep Updater embedded components
were deployed and preproduction and
production cloud environments set up.
Command Manager serves for remote
safety critical functionalities.
Further examples of use cases of different
scale and impact are:
● ADAS performance - Improvement
using real-world vehicle data
● Reductive design - Elimination of
underutilized features or functions with
usage insights
● Predictive maintenance - Correct
prognostics with data about actual usage
and parameter deviations
● Rapid prototyping - Remote validation
and testing
● Usage-based insurance - Adjustments
based on stats of actual driving
● Recall campaign orchestration Accelerated recall campaign notification
and remedy times with targeted vehicle
group OTA software update rollouts.
Such use cases can be implemented with
very little effort because Sibros’ product
provides 95% functionality out of the box,
with only 5% integration necessary.
“Sibros’ platform is neither limited to a
certain propulsion nor to a certain vehicle
class. From sporty electric 2-wheelers
to heavy machinery with fuel cells, and
everything in between, Sibros solutions
integrate seamlessly and Sibros offers
vehicle configuration modeling capabilities
to help organize fleets and address countless
use cases,” adds Shivalik Prasad.
For example, the largest e-bike operator
in North America set out for the world’s
best shared e-bike, equipped with Wi-Fi
and GPS. Riders can locate e-bikes in an
app; the operator can issue over-the-air
firmware updates, track stolen bikes, and
monitor hardware and firmware states in
real-time. Sibros provided the platform to
ingest, visualize and extend fleet data usage.
Highlights are superior data compression, a
debugging tool for faster fault identification,
and real-time selective data logging.
Use Cases for End Users
Additionally, the DCP allows to add
functionalities and value-added services for
end users and drivers. Examples of such use
cases are:
● Vehicle personalization - Drive mode
options like sports, eco, comfort, or
snow; adaptive air suspension; ride and
cabin preconditioning
● Battery configuration - High range, high
power, etc.
● Digital experience - Payments for fuel,
recharging, etc. via IVI system or app
● Remote functions - Lock/unlock,
immobilize the vehicle, etc.
● Personalization as per VIN Personalization settings by the end
user specify post-production software
updates, calibration
configuration changes
updates,
and
For these purposes, Sibros provides a
product that is highly modular and flexible
and, as a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
solution, allows every customer to profit
from the experiences and improvements
derived from the work with all customers.
The Outlook
The cousins Hemant and Mayank
Sikaria founded Sibros 2018 in the
belief that automotive OTA will redefine
transportation. Sibros’ DCP is designed to
be a building block of the road into a cleaner,
safer, and more sustainable automotive
future for everyone. The organization with
main offices in Pune and Silicon Valley is
winning awards, signing new customers and
recruiting excellent people to make SDVs
practical.
AUTHOR
SHIVALIK PRASAD
VICE PRESIDENT, STRATEGIC ALLIANCES AND SALES
SIBROS
He is currently helping build the new Automotive Software platform across
global OEM. Building an eco-system around new technologies specially around
the Cloud/Internet and Mobile technologies. He has build maps navigation and
GPS products for 18 automotive OEM. He has closely worked with the worlds
top 5 tech companies from Bay Area and helped them launch India products and
delivery centres. In his previous role, he helped scale Mapmyindia in terms of
revenue and large enterprise customer acquisition for over a decade.
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 19
In-Conversation
Automotive cyber security in India
is still in its early stages
TASKING is a leading provider of software development tools
headquartered in Munich, Germany, offering high-performance, high
quality, safety & security-oriented embedded software development
tools for multi-core architectures.
Below are some of the points on which Telematics Wire explored views
of Gerard Vink
industry-leading microprocessors and microcontrollers.
The acquisition of iSYSTEM further enhances TASKING’s
safety and security-oriented software ecosystem and broadens its
capabilities as a one-stop shop for embedded software development
tools and services with a strong emphasis on the automotive safety
market and its related applications.
Can you briefly share about Tasking business activities
in automotive sector?
TASKING’s development tools are used by automotive
manufacturers and suppliers, as well as in adjacent markets around
the world to realize high-performance applications in safety-critical
areas. The TASKING Embedded Software Development solutions
provide an industry-leading ecosystem for your entire software
development process. Each TASKING compiler is designed for
a certain architecture and meets the specific requirements of the
automotive market. As the recognized leader in high-quality,
feature- and safety-compliant embedded software development
tools, TASKING enables you to create code with best-in-class size
and performance with compilers, debuggers and RTOS support for
Will the software-driven vehicle see increased usage
of embedded software development tools?
The Software Defined Vehicle (SVD) creates all kind of change
within the organizations of OEMs and suppliers. Software and
modern tools for software development are now first row citizens
often with a dedicated focus from company’s top management. The
continuing transformation, and consumer demand, for connected
and autonomous technologies means vehicles need increased
functionality that can be updated and improved over the vehicle’s
lifetime. All this is done with software.Software-defined vehicles
drive next-gen connected EV development.
Many car drivers expect their vehicles to be fully combined
into their digital lives. In addition, new connectivity, automation,
20 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
and personalization features will be increasingly
executed with software in the future.
In the forthcoming, new features can be
activated exclusively according to the driver’s
needs. With regular updates, the value of the
vehicle can not only be maintained but also
increased throughout the entire life cycle.
What are your views about connected
vehicle safety? Do you think there could
be a role for companies like Tasking to
ensure safer vehicles?
TASKING’s main area of expertise are compilers
and tools for safety projects in the transportation
market. The increase in HPC/Zonal architecture,
heterogeneous and even OEM-specific SoCs
will create a need for dedicated compiler and
development tools to enable efficient software
development. TASKING’s strength is to support
this development especially for safety and
performance critical applications and services.
Automotive software and its development
process must comply with international standards
such as ISO 26262 “Road vehicles – Functional
safety” and ISO/SAE 21434 “Road vehicles –
Cybersecurity engineering”. The cybersecurity
standard is very important for OEMs because
compliance is mandatory to obtain type approval
and gain market access.
Therefore the TASKING VX-toolset for
TriCore/AURIXTM v6.3r1 has been certified
against the ISO functional safety and the ISO
cybersecurity standards by safety experts from
TÜV-Nord. TASKING is proud that it was the
1st compiler supplier to receive such ISO/SAE
21434 certificate.
How do you see your products/tools
evolve for connected and autonomous vehicle in
future?
To say that software is mission-critical in advanced driver assistance
systems and autonomous vehicles is an understatement. It’s the
differentiating factor between one vehicle and the next in terms
of capability, performance and self-driving experience. The
initiation of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) means
that automotive manufacturers could bring cutting-edge systems
and tools to support automakers in streamlining workflows,
increasing product quality, and optimising production. TASKING
continuously provides updates for its products, such as SmartCode –
a set of compilers for Infineon’s AURIX TC4xx. We also added more
ARM targets to our VX-toolchain with TRAVEO T2G and released
the TriCore Inspector, a tool for software quality analysis. On the
roadmap are further device support for ARC cores , RISC-V to list of
supported targets and a new Safety Checker with enriched usability.
Our R&D department is fully loaded with adding new instruction
set architecture support, new devices and optimization our customer
GERARD VINK
INDUSTRY SPECIALIST PRODUCT DEFINITION
TASKING
ask for. In addition, we’re adding qualified libraries for safe (re-)use
within customers safety system to our portfolio.
What are your views about the automotive market in
India?
The Indian automobile industry is setting out on a journey aiming
for a sustained growth momentum in 2023 and further embracing
clean technology amid the lurking speed breakers of rising interest
rates and cost increases due to new emission and safety norms,
having witnessed a strong comeback from the COVID-led downturn
this year.
As per industry observers, 2023 will also see acceleration in
adoption of electric vehicles, which has already started taking root
in 2022, especially in the two-wheelers segment. With the increasing
demand for vehicles, the need for improved security standards is also
on the rise. Automotive cyber security in India is still in its early stages.
It is estimated that 40 percent of new vehicles will have connected
features over the next five years. Indian OEMs and government have
acknowledged the need for improved cybersecurity measures.
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 21
Technical Insight
PUSHING THE BOUNDARIES OF AUTONOMOUS
DRIVING BEYOND CARS AND TRUCKS
JYOTSANA SINGH, SUNITHA MISRA & GOPINATH SELVARAJ
Tata Elxsi
T
technology has the potential to provide
available for Level 2.5. The irregularity
echnological advancements
various benefits including safety,
in regulations has led automakers to use
in the automotive domain
convenience, and environmental benefits.
deceptive marketing strategies. As of today,
aim to continuously deliver
This article covers the challenges
regulations are becoming mature and it is
safety to drivers. As of today,
existing today to adopt autonomous cars
extremely difficult with more and more
many cars on road have advanced driver
on road. We also cover how autonomous
stringent rules for getting Level 3 cars on
assistance systems that assist the driver in
driving technology can be leveraged across
road.
case of an impending crash and take action
other adjacencies like farming, mining,
in case of a crash. In recent times, driver
construction, yard vehicles, and the marine
Infrastructure
assistance systems have progressed and
segment.
Driverless cars are not only dependent on
evolved into self-driving cars. Driverless
technology fitted on the vehicle, but also
cars are believed to be the future of the
Challenges in the
on infrastructure with wide roadways,
automotive industry and would transform
adoption of autonomous
intelligent roadside units, and connectivity
the community mobility ecosystem once
driving on public roads
to the cloud allowing continuous updates
the autonomous technology is established.
of software on vehicles. Additionally, the
Automakers across the globe have
Regulations and standardization
maintenance and repair of infrastructure
invested billions of dollars to make
Autonomy in vehicles is divided into
assets is an important aspect of this
autonomous driving a reality. Even though
six levels as per SAE International (SAE
ecosystem that can be achieved by publicthere are focused efforts and investments
J3016). The below diagram depicts the
private partnerships.
in autonomous driving in terms of
various autonomy levels.
Hence, to facilitate this redundant
innovations and evolving business models,
There have been several inconsistencies
communication, cooperative networking
the adoption of driverless cars on public
in the terminologies used across the
and standardization of regulations for
roads remains far from reality.
industry resulting in interoperability across
Challenges
in the
of autonomous
driving
onledpublic
roadsinfrastructure are essential.
As per market
data adoption
as of December
geographies and
hence have
to a delay
2022, driverless vehicles on road are quite
in getting approvals for the deployment of
Regulations
and
standardization
Technology
insignificant and
many
manufacturers
Level 3 cars on road. One such example
There are various technological barriers
have scaled down their investments
is Level 2.5 introduced by some of the
Autonomy
in vehicles
divided
six levels
as isper
SAE International
J3016).
The below
to the(SAE
adoption
of autonomous
vehicles.
in autonomous
cars. Even is
though
the into
automakers
which
undefined
as per
Below are some of the factors:
adoption of autonomous cars on road
SAE standards and leading to consumers
diagram
autonomy
levels. on the actual features
Continuous
innovations
and
has been depicts
extremely the
slow,various
autonomous
being unclear
Figure 1. SAE Level of Autonomy for Automotive
Figure 1: SAE Level of Autonomy for Automotive
There
have been
inconsistencies
in the terminologies used across the industry resulting
22 | Telematics
Wireseveral
| April - June
2023
in interoperability across geographies and hence have led to a delay in getting approvals for the
North America
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
Europe
2028
Asia-Pacific
2029
2030
Start-ups
2031
Incumbents
2032
technological improvements will help
in overcoming the above challenges and
ensuring a zero-accident future giving
confidence to the drivers.
Average
L4 autonomous on-street parking
2024
L4 autonomous parking in garages
2024
L4 highway pilot'
2025
L4/5 robotaxi (vehicle demand)
in urban areas'
2028
Driverless on highway, hub to hub
2027
Driverless on full journey, on highway,
and to destination Outside Of highway
2031
Liability
Studies mention in conventional cars,
human driver error accounts for over
90% of all car accidents. Hence, in the
United States, the liability for a car
accident is on the human driver since
it is the driver’s action that led to the
accident. Therefore, in this case, claims
against the automakers for the sale of a
defective product are possible, but in
reality, these are rare. The scenario is very
different in the case of accidents caused
by autonomous cars, which is dependent
on the level of autonomy in other words
the level of human intervention during
the accident. Some of the entities who
can be liable could be - the automaker,
software supplier, driver, car’s occupants,
insurance company, etc. In short, as
liability laws are yet to be defined
consumers are concerned about safety
and security.
Figure 2. Timeline for adoption
of Level
vehicles
Figure 2: Timeline
for 4adoption
of Level 4 vehicles
Autonomous cars will be first seen in controlled environments such as city centers, and parking
lots to provide a shared mobility experience. The trucking industry is also expected to be one of
the early cases of autonomous technology adoption. Yard, drayage, and shunt trucks are some
examples where these trucks can autonomously drive or park.
Way Forward
Autonomous technology architecture is driven by four main elements – sensing, decisionmaking, planning, and vehicle control.
Consumer confidence
Studies indicate that even though
consumers are excited about the
various advancements in autonomous
technology, they are not confident and
do not trust the technology. Recent
crashes in some of the Level 2 cars on the
road have added fuel to this perception.
Furthermore, the deployment of
Figure 3. Main Elements
of Autonomy
Technology
Figure
3: Main Elements
of Autonomy Technology
The silver lining in the cloud is that this technology is aligned to be adopted by other
1. Inability of artificial intelligence models to work in crowded city conditions and determining the intentions of
adjacencies much
thesooner.
other entities on roads.
Agriculture 2. Inability of sensors in detecting obstacles in adverse weather conditions.
3. Maturity of low latency and high bandwidth communication standards like 5G, 6G, etc.
4. Ineffectual
interfaces
mode that provide confidence to the driver sitting
Below is a depiction
of howuser-friendly
autonomy has
evolved in
in the
the autonomous
agriculture sector.
inside the vehicle.
5. Potential security breach of hardware, sensors on vehicles, and communication systems.
6. Data Standardization between vehicles on road and the cloud to different automakers and cloud infrastructure
suppliers implementing their own methods and ultimately leading to delays in approvals.
7. An ecosystem for developing, continuously upgrading, and mass building HD maps is not established.
8. In Level 2+ vehicles, handover from autonomous mode to manual mode is imminent. Therefore, this transition
needs to be seamless and needs to take into account various factors like time provided for transition, current
scenario, driver’s abilities etc.
9. Validation of autonomous driving stacks before deployment on road has been a challenging task. Digital twins
are the way forward to enable the validation of such complex safety and time-critical systems.
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 23
Traditional
Agriculture
1.0
Indigenous tool
Manual work
Animal power
Mechanization
2.0
1870
1754
Automation
3.0
Monitoring
Global
positioning
system
Variable rate
applications
Tractors
Agricultural
machinery
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Smart
Agriculture
5.0
Information
technology
4.0
Information
technology
Thrust worthy
food supply
Ubiquitous
sensing
IoT
Robotic and
autonomous
vehicles
Artificial
intelligence
Block-chain,
Cyber-security
Today
Future
1959
Figure 4. Evolution of Autonomy in the Agriculture Sector
Level of autonomy and efficiency
technologies in
are some examplescommunication
where these trucks can will
autonomous
cars data
in countries
by collecting
on thewhere
surroundings.
Rail-to-rail
and rail-to-infrastructure
Environmental
footprint
adjacencies
autonomously drive or park.
shared mobility is the major source of
employment
willto
lead
to a reduction
jobs
As peradapt
market to
data,
Level 4 autonomous
enable us
make
quickindecisions,
real-time
demand, and ultimately offer greater
Way Forward
for drivers. Also, there is a major section
will of
emerge
in theinmarket
by 2024 Sector
Figure vehicles
4: Evolution
Autonomy
the Agriculture
ofpunctuality
motorists who still
prefer
driving
their
or
2025.
This
is
far
from
reality.
Autonomous
architecture
is
to passengers. Therefore, autonomy in the rail segment
bringstechnology
along an
enriching
and autonomous vehiclesAutonomous
are seeing cars
a surge
are deemed
to be by
thefour
future
the – sensing,
vehicles forRobotic
enjoyment.
will and
be first
seen
driven
mainof
elements
All the aboveexperience,
factors which are more
inenergy
controlled
environments such
as city
decision-making,
planning,
and of
vehicle
passenger
consumption,
a low
footprint
mode
agriculture industry.reduced
Automation
in the agriculture
sectorand
can fall
into carbon
below categories:
consumer-driven may lead to resistance
centers, and parking lots to provide a
control.
and
unacceptance
of these
autonomous
experience.
Theoperations
trucking
The
silver
lining
in the
cloud is thatto
this
1.
Driver
Assistance:
themobility
complexity
of field
likeindustry
crop
detection,
pest
mobility.
Below
are
some ofReduce
theshared
levels
of automation
for
the rail
corresponding
the
cars.
industry is also expected to be one of the
technology is aligned to be adopted by
detection, etc. by providing
to improvetechnology
efficiency. other adjacencies much sooner.
early assistance
cases of autonomous
automotive SAE
J3016 classification.
Adoption of autonomous
adoption. Yard, drayage, and shunt trucks
2. Autonomy: Autonomous for some of the complex operations like obstacle avoidance,
row turning, etc.
GRADE OF
TRAIN
SETTING TRAIN IN
DRIVING AND
3. Supervised
autonomy: Remote
operation of farm
vehicles
AUTOMATION
OPERATION
MOTION
STOPPING
Rail
DOOR CLOSURE
OPERATION IN EVENT
OF DISRUPTION
Driver
Automatic Train
Protection with Driver
The rail industry has been prone to operational and safety issues due to guesswork and human
error. The needAutomatic
of the hour
Train is to equip the train with smart sensors, enhanced perception
Protection + Automatic Train
Operation with Driver
software, and a connected ecosystem. All these elements will aid to inspect and surveil tracks,
siding tracks, and platforms. Autonomous trains will make it possible to carry more people,
transport more goods, expand rail transport in rural areas, and develop topographic databases
Driverless Train
Operation
Automatic
Unattended Train
Operation
Figure 5: GoA Level of Autonomy for Rail
24 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
Marine
Attendant
Agriculture
Below is a depiction of how autonomy
has evolved in the agriculture sector.
Robotic and autonomous vehicles
are seeing a surge and are deemed to be
the future of the agriculture industry.
Automation in the agriculture sector can
fall into below categories:
● Driver Assistance: Reduce the
complexity of field operations like
crop detection, pest detection, etc.
by providing assistance to improve
efficiency.
● Autonomy: Autonomous for some of
the complex operations like obstacle
avoidance, row turning, etc.
● Supervised autonomy: Remote
operation of farm vehicles
Rail
The rail industry has been prone to
operational and safety issues due to
guesswork and human error. The need of
the hour is to equip the train with smart
sensors, enhanced perception software,
and a connected ecosystem. All these
elements will aid to inspect and surveil
tracks, siding tracks, and platforms.
Autonomous trains will make it possible
to carry more people, transport more
goods, expand rail transport in rural
areas, and develop topographic databases
by collecting data on the surroundings.
Rail-to-rail and rail-to-infrastructure
communication will enable us to make
quick decisions, adapt to real-time
demand, and ultimately offer greater
punctuality to passengers. Therefore,
autonomy in the rail segment brings
along an enriching passenger experience,
reduced energy consumption, and a low
carbon footprint mode of mobility. Below
are some of the levels of automation for
the rail industry corresponding to the
automotive SAE J3016 classification.
Marine
In the recent past, autonomous ships are
making waves across the transportation
industry.
As per market data, human error and
operational costs contribute to 75-90%
of accidents and approximately 42% of
a ship’s operating cost respectively in the
marine industry.
Autonomous ships are expected to
improve safety by minimizing human
intervention, reduce operational costs by
optimizing crew on board and increase
carrying capacity by freeing ships from
crew accommodations. As seen in other
transportation industries regulations are
far behind innovations. To prevent this,
the marine industry regulatory body called
International Maritime Organization
(IMO) has taken a proactive step of
formulating regulations beforehand. IMO
has currently defined four degrees of
autonomy:
● Degree One: Crewed ship enabled
with automated processes that can
control the ship at all times
● Degree Two: Remotely controlled ship
with seafarers on board who can take
control of the ship at any time
● Degree Three: Remotely controlled
ship without any seafarers on board
● Degree Four: Fully autonomous ship
Autonomous ships have the potential
of transforming the marine industry and
ecosystem. Since the marine industry is
in the early stages of autonomy adoption,
it could learn from other industries and
overcome practical, legal, and economic
challenges.
As correctly quoted, “Innovation is to
imagine the future and fill in the gaps”.
Mass deployment and adoption
of autonomous cars may be slow
but
autonomous
technology
has
opened multiple avenues in other
transportation industries where autonomy
innovations can be effectively applied and
reused.
AUTHORS
JYOTSANA SINGH
Senior Technical Architect
Tata Elxsi
Jyotsana is a Senior Technical Architect in the AD/ADAS domain,
responsible for leading key projects and acting as SME for multiple
projects. She is responsible for mentoring and upscaling engineers to such
futuristic projects by conducting training programs. Additionally, she is also
responsible for determining the future direction of the automotive industry
and developing technology plans to customize or introduce new solution
accelerators in autonomous mobility.
SUNITHA MISRA
Senior Technical Manager
Tata Elxsi
Sunitha Misra is a Senior Technical Manager in the AD/ADAS domain,
responsible for anchoring end-customer programs and also spearheading
icebreaker technical discussions with new potential customers. She is
responsible for handling members of a large ADAS and AD team at Tata
Elxsi. Mentoring, up-skilling at the same time managing the aspirations of
engineers by careful planning, assignment, and execution of training programs
and projects is her forte. In addition to this, she is also part of core technical
teams within the organization that keeps a check on the latest advancements
in the automotive industry and also charters technology roadmaps of the
organization aligned to these new trends in ADAS and autonomous driving
space.
GOPINATH SELVARAJ
Senior Technical Architect
Tata Elxsi
Dr. Gopinath Selvaraj holds an M.Tech (2002) and Ph.D. (2007) in the field of
Control Engineering, Robotics & Automation from IIT Delhi. Presently he is
working in Autonomous Driving & ADAS Practice at Tata Elxsi, Bangalore as
a Senior Technical Architect and is instrumental in developing and testing
Software solutions for Autonomous Driving and Advanced Driver Assistance
Systems (ADAS). He has published 25+ papers in international journals/
conferences and he is an inventor with 4 patents. His research interests
include autonomous driving, robotics, machine learning, intelligent automotive
controls, and optimization. As a senior member of IEEE, he acts as an ExeCom
member of the IEEE-Control System Society (Bangalore chapter) and an active
reviewer of reputed international journals.
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 25
Technical Insight
LESSONS ALL INDUSTRIES CAN LEARN FROM
AUTOMOTIVE SECURITY
SERGEJ DECHAND
Code Intelligence
Y
ou’ve probably heard this
phrase more than a few times
by now: Every company today
is a software company. On the
surface, it’s easy to connect a few dots and
understand why this phrase rings true. The
digital transformation is, quite literally,
changing every aspect of our world so that
it is in some way digitally connected. For
instance, instead of going to a bank to cash
a check, your bank now has an app on your
phone to accomplish this.
Regardless
of
industry,
every
organization today truly must be a software
company. On the customer-facing front,
this usually means an easy-to-use, highquality, accessible application. But what
does it mean for organizations themselves?
The automotive industry is offering some
surprising and helpful lessons on the depths
to which every sector and company are
embracing software as part of everyday
business, and why cybersecurity is directly
linked to this.
The Automotive
Industry’s Software
Evolution
Like every other industry, the automotive
industry has been evolving and embracing
new technology. In the past few decades,
building a car has gone from being almost
entirely hardware focused to adding a full
fleet of software capabilities. Most modern
cars today have features that weren’t even
around 20 years ago, including:
● Information and entertainment systems
with voice assistants, connectivity for
navigation, and streaming services
● Sensors to assist with safe driving or, in
some cases, full self-driving capabilities
To accomplish this, car manufacturers
that have been around for decades had to
adapt, investing in adding an entire division
dedicated to software development. For
example, Volkswagen created Cariad, its
in-house software company, which employs
5,000 software engineers and makes
Volkswagen one of the largest software
companies in Germany.
The quick pivot many manufacturers
Image source: Pexels
26 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
have made to modern “smart” cars is
impressive. But it also has come with added
risk and responsibility. Traditionally, the
automotive industry’s security regulations
and standards have been focused on
functional safety, like ISO 26262, which
addresses compliance for safety-related
systems that include electrical or electronic
components. But with software added to
the mix of what makes up today’s vehicles,
industry standards have needed to evolve.
Automotive
Cybersecurity Standards
Are Increasing
Wherever software exists, so too does the
risk of a cybersecurity-related incident.
When we evolved the concept of a car
from four wheels and an engine to include
entertainment, connectivity, and so on,
we accepted increased risk. And like with
the software used in every other type of
business, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, risks,
and hacks are all on the rise. In December, a
Sirius XM radio connected vehicle service
exposed several car brands to remote
hackers attacks due to a vulnerability. The
connected service is currently used by more
than 12 million cars in North America,
including Acura, BMW, Honda, Hyundai,
and Toyota.
The
International
Organization
of Standardization is addressing the
makeup of modern cars with ISO/
SAE21434:2021. The standard includes
engineering requirements for cybersecurity
risk management, from concept to
development, production, operation, and
maintenance. Only software that complies
with this ISO standard is allowed to be built
into cars today.
Lessons Learned
At first, automotive developers might feel
apprehensive that these added cybersecurity
requirements could be a pain point that
would slow the production and shipping of
their software. After all, it’s another bullet
point of responsibility added to their job
description, and one for which they likely
didn’t sign up.
Luckily, modern cybersecurity tools
are allowing security testing to fit into the
software development life cycle (SDLC). A
variety of approaches to security scanning,
including static application security testing
Image source: Pexels
(SAST), dynamic application security
testing (DAST), and feedback-based
application security testing can be used
together to effectively test applications for
vulnerabilities and bugs while an application
is still in development.
What automotive developers have
learned through this process is that contrary
to their initial fears of development
being slowed by added cybersecurity
requirements, once security scanning is
up and running within their continuous
integration/continuous delivery (CI/CD)
development process, the pipeline is faster
and more efficient than before. As bugs
and flaws are discovered earlier and earlier
in development, they’re fixed before they
get to production. This saves on the costs
and time traditionally associated with
going back later to fix these issues. The
further a bug or flaw moves through the
software development life cycle, the more
it costs to fix, and of course, if it makes its
way to production, the more vulnerable
the software is to a potential cybersecurity
attack.
Cybersecurity: A
Competitive Advantage
The automotive industry is just one of
many sectors that are seeing added ISO
standards focused on cybersecurity.
Healthcare, aviation, energy, finance, and
many more are keeping pace or following
closely behind with new cybersecurity
standards of their own, as software becomes
an increasingly critical component in every
part of our world. All organizations need
to be prepared to prioritize and implement
cybersecurity capabilities (if they haven’t
already). They also need to have developers
with the experience and expertise required
to understand that when correctly
implemented, security testing can improve
the speed of development and the overall
quality and security of software.
The article was originally published in
DARKReading ( https://www.darkreading.
com/ )
AUTHOR
SERGEJ DECHAND
CEO & CO-FOUNDER
CODE INTELLIGENCE
Sergej Dechand is a German entrepreneur and the CEO and
co-founder of Code Intelligence, a cybersecurity company that
focuses on software testing automation. Dechand co-founded
Code Intelligence in 2017 with the goal of providing advanced
security testing solutions to software companies.
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 27
In-Conversation
Government initiatives have
helped grow the connected
vehicle ecosystem in India
(CAV), automatic guided vehicles (AGV), and truck platooning
(V2V) to understanding technical requirements like CV2X, V2V,
positioning and navigation and vehicle network integration.
PRASAD DIWAKAR
TAOGLAS
Can you give a brief introduction of Taoglas products
for automotive and your India operations?
Taoglas is a leading provider of antennas, advanced IoT components,
and custom IoT design services that helps customers navigate
complex RF and wireless systems and brings connectivity solutions
to market. We design and manufacture high-performance, highquality antenna and IoT solutions that support the latest in global
wireless technologies and an array of automotive and transportation
regulations. Key product categories include high precision GNSS
antennas, high efficiency cellular antennas, small form factor Wi-Fi
antennas and UWB antennas for ADAS.
In October 2022, we opened our Taoglas India facility in
Ahmedabad to better support domestic and international customers
for engineering, product development, active and passive testing,
and other RF services. The lab is fully equipped with a state-of-theart Satimo StarLab 18 multi-probe anechoic chamber covering 650
MHz to 18 GHz, 2-port VNAs supporting up to 40 GHz, and other
communication equipment. Additionally, passive antenna testing
for standard telecom protocols including cellular, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth,
LoRa, and global satellite technologies, and active cellular OTA
testing including TRP and TIS for 2G, 3G, 4G, CATM1 and
NBIoT protocols can be performed. We offer these services at very
competitive costs.
With our new site, Taoglas engineering expertise is easily accessible
to local customers needing to incorporate wireless connectivity into
automotive applications, from connected autonomous vehicles
28 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
How has been the demand for GPS/GNSS antennas
in India? - share your thoughts on how TG is well
positioned to meet the demand?
GNSS and GPS are used widely for automotive OEM and
aftermarket applications like telematics and vehicle tracking systems.
The emerging trend in high precision GNSS patch antennas which
can help to achieve cm-level location accuracy for applications
like ADAS, industrial precision tooling, and other high precision
applications.
Taoglas has a wide range of embedded and external high precision
GNSS antennas and has been supplying passive and active GNSS
antennas for these applications for past decade in India. Following
the IRNSS satellite launch and AIS140 launch in India, we were one
of the first suppliers with a dual patch L1/L5 antenna to support this
ecosystem.
What are your views about connected vehicle
ecosystem in India? - share your thoughts approx.
The connected vehicle ecosystem has received a massive boost
after the government launched safety initiatives and amendments
to the Automotive Industry Standards (AIS) such as AIS-140 and
AIS-156 for EV battery testing. Volume share of the two-wheeler
EV segment is much bigger than the four-wheeler EV segment, and
battery management and mandatory telematics requirements in EV
have opened opportunities for cellular, Wi-Fi, and GNSS technology
integration for data monitoring applications.
Conventional OEMs and emerging start-ups in the EV domain
have increased activities significantly. With an increase in in-vehicle
electronics, there is substantial demand for active and passive
electronics, PCB, and data integration for cybersecurity, alongside
antennas and RF components which are an integral part of this
ecosystem.
How would Taoglas be contributing to this connected
ecosystem for safer roads?
At Taoglas, we believe in enabling the high level of safety for vehicles
and the community. Our products come with a host of certifications
that comply with automotive and transportation regulations.
Antenna selection and integration play a crucial role in defining
the efficiency of connected ecosystem products. Our extensive
portfolio features high precision GNSS antennas providing cm-level
accuracy, cellular antennas with high reliability & efficiency ensuring
no loss of data, and other ADAS, telematics, dash cameras, heads up
display products that enable passenger safety.
Links to featured Taoglas products that enable vehicle
safety:
High precision GNSS Antennas
https://www.taoglas.com//product-category/embedded-antennas/
gnss-embedded-antennas/
High efficiency Cellular Antennas
https://www.taoglas.com/product-category/embedded-antennas/
cellular-embedded-antennas/
Small form factor Wi-Fi Antennas
https://www.taoglas.com/product-category/embeddedantennas/wi-fi-bluetooth-embedded-antennas/
UWB Antennas for ADAS Applications
https://www.taoglas.com/product-category/embeddedantennas/uwb-embedded-antennas/
Can you share in brief about Taoglas Magnetics
portfolio, particularly with reference to BMS for EV?
Taoglas magnetics, the most recent addition to our IoT component
offering, is comprised of RJ45 integrated connectors, LAN
transformers, and battery management system (BMS) transformers.
The STRATOS series of BMS Transformers offer excellent
component-to-component isolation for battery systems that have
high voltage differences. The BMS Transformers are AEC Q200
certified for automotive applications supporting 1000 Vdc to 1600
Vdc voltage options.
Example applications for BMS include:
● Automotive: Electric Vehicles (EV), Hybrid Electric Vehicles
(HEV), Electric Buses
● Consumer: Electric Bicycles, Tricycles, Power Tools
● Industrial: Energy Storage System (ESS), Industrial Handling
Robots, Automated Forklifts, Patrol Vehicles, High Power
Portable Equipment
To learn more, visit https://www.taoglas.com/product-category/
magnetics/bms-transformers.
Taoglas
Taoglas is a trusted provider of antennas, advanced IoT components,
and custom IoT design services that helps customers navigate
complex RF and wireless systems and brings connectivity solutions
to market on time, the first time. Since its foundation in 2004,
the company has grown from its heritage in antennas to having
engineering resources, state-of-the-art test chambers, and precertification centers around the world. Their global team works
obsessively to deliver an uninterrupted supply chain for rapid
local delivery and seamless support internationally. Taoglas'
commitment to continuous innovation, proactive customer service,
and trusted quality delivers long-term peace of mind to customers
and colleagues, creating time and space to work together to advance
global connectivity.
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 29
In-Conversation
Vehicle Acoustic
Based Diagnostic
System
PETR BAKULOV
PhD, CEO & FOUNDER
V2M INC
How did the idea of analyzing vehicle sounds to
diagnose problems come about?
I began my career with cars as a dealership mechanic. For many
years, I’ve worked as a warranty engineer, master consultant, and
service manager. I gained a lot of experience and comprehensive
insight into how a vehicle should work in addition to education in
automotive service and repair and academic education up to the
Ph.D. level. My Ph.D. research was on an app that could replace a
vehicle maintenance consultant for some steps. I’d gained so much
experience that no uncommon sound could escape me. So, I thought
maybe I could diagnose many malfunctions from the sounds made
by the car, and maybe I could build a system that would do it for me.
About 2% of accidents are related to vehicle malfunctions. That’s
quite a lot. Police officers do not always record vehicle malfunction
as the main reason for an accident. It is likely to be drunk driving,
speeding, or another violation, but the vehicle may also be defective.
Essentially, we don’t know which factor was the deciding one in the
accident. If we accept this cause, we can save a lot of lives on the road.
Despite modern technology, cars are still unable to recognize
whether something has gone wrong with their performance. If
a bearing or wheel is out of order, there is no indication until the
problem worsens, which is hardly ideal for safety and efficiency
on the road. Our innovative solution enhances existing on-board
diagnostics by filling this gap: it enables vehicles to “hear” these
noises and stay safe on the road.
V2M Inc. was established in 2021 after nine years of
30 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
research, patents, and validation of ideas via research
papers. What has V2M’s journey been like over the
last two years?
V2M has used its decades of international expertise in automotive
sound analysis to develop a revolutionary platform capable of
detecting any on-board fault. To achieve this, V2M has leveraged
both the physical and physiological nature of sound—waves with
complex sensations that are heard by human ears.
Our goal was to replace human hearing when diagnosing
malfunctions in vehicles. We developed and patented a unique
hardware–software system that uniquely uses the sounds of cars as an
acoustic diagnostic parameter. When this breakthrough technology
is used, each car leaves behind its own distinct audio mark that can
be used to detect faults.
To be honest, the last year has been amazing. The results that we
got in the lab were very satisfactory and confirmed that we could
detect malfunctions by their sounds. Our theory has been proven to
work completely. So, we have our first working prototype.
Can you tell us more about these acoustic sensors in
the V2M device?
Sure. We began our case studies with six sensors, but now we work
with up to three, which is the golden mean. Each sensor uses digital
microphones connected to a control module. The control module
works with special software that can analyze what type of on-board
malfunction we have. This advanced program leverages deep neural
networks to identify defects embedded in sound waves to detect
vehicle malfunctions quickly and accurately.
By analyzing the car’s acoustic trace, our team discovered a
new way to find faults in vehicles. We were able to detect even the
slightest abnormal sounds and malfunctions. We have achieved truly
remarkable results that can help keep vehicles running safely.
Finally, the V2M system’s control module uses embedded SIM
and M2M technology to send data packets containing vehicle ID
information. These telematic transmissions are secure and enable
real-time tracking of a car’s performance information. The V2M
generates data that can be used on the customer’s side. For example,
besides working with telematics ourselves, we can provide data on
the dashboard or aggregate data to the customer.
Will the acoustic sensors or V2M device be available
as aftermarket products?
The best approach is to use V2M as a top-of-the-line addition to
modern on-board diagnostic systems that are factory installed. We
focus on safety and comfort, and being part of a self-diagnostic
system is the best way to achieve these goals.
How successful has fault diagnosis been in EVs
(Tesla)? Any diagnostic percentage numbers?
The company has installed the prototype in the world’s most soughtafter electric car, the Tesla Model 3 Standard Range Plus. Our results
are coming in, and they’re good. The accuracy is between 88% and
98%. We are now testing an advanced algorithm that will make it
possible for V2M to be error free. Our next step is purchasing two
vehicles with internal combustion engines and one hybrid vehicle
for testing purposes to show that V2M is equally suitable for every
type of car and engine.
Do you have any analyses that compare V2M with
existing diagnostic tools?
There is no good sound analysis in cars. There are some special tools
at dealerships, but they’re not our competition, because those tools
work with a service, not on board. You would need the driver to
detect uncommon sounds and make an appointment. V2M works
instead of the driver.
By streamlining the diagnostic process, we can make life easier
for service staff and save customers money. It’s a win–win situation
because dealerships are afforded extra time to focus on other services
rather than diagnostics that take up an abundance of resources
without yielding much profit.
Sound recognition technology can also enable cars to provide
suggestions on how best to address any given problem and provide
an estimate of the cost to repair it. This level of automation enables
faster diagnosis and repair and not only significantly reduces overall
repair time but also cuts down labor costs.
Do you think the success with Tesla can be replicated
with other EVs?
Absolutely, not only with EVs but for the all-car market. Our
software is good at learning new data and working with all types of
vehicles. The global market is running on us today. A lot of the parts
in different cars are quite similar. You drive a Mercedes, and your
friend drives a Volvo, but you both have the same alternator. And it’s
obvious that if it breaks down, the sounds will be similar.
Furthermore, we’re exploring the installation of our solution on
machinery.
V2M is not just an app but a method we’ve devised. We’re
looking for partners for a pilot project. We’re working with some car
manufacturers and looking for the best way for us to proceed.
You’ll be testing your product on internal combustion
vehicles and hybrid vehicles. What are the challenges
you see in replicating your success with EVs in
internal combustion vehicles?
The two challenges I see are that cars with internal combustion
engines are multiple times louder than EVs and have more parts,
more breakdowns, and more malfunctions.
Do you have any operations or sales offices in India,
South Asia, or the Asia-Pacific region or any plans for
them in the near future? Are you looking for partners
in these regions to advance your work with Tier 1
automakers?
At the moment, we’re in the process of looking for investors and
partners for a pilot project. In India, we see the potential to install
our solution on machinery. As a whole, the Asian market is a
promising and powerful one for us. We believe that our solution will
be in demand here and will advance to a new stage of development.
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 31
Technical Insight
DRIVING THROUGH AUTOMOTIVE CYBER
SECURITY PROLIFERATION
CHANDRASEKHAR KONAKALLA
Sri Rushi Consulting Services
Background
Automotive Cyber Security are:
● New security threats from functionalities
of Emerging automotive technologies
● Number of Cyber Security Attacks are
exponentially increasing
● UNECE based & other regulations and
certification needs
● Advanced E/E architectures and complex
ECU architectures – New Vulnerabilities
● Cyber security Incident management for
entire product life
● Rapidly growing Connected Car solutions
and increase in vulnerability surface areas.
There is a need to trigger research,
standardization, Cyber Security Solutions,
Tools and investments to counter security
impacts from these challenging dynamics.
Cyber Security is definitely a new dimension
of Automotive Product development process.
Automotive Cyber Security industry is still
witnessing rapid evolution of new threats year
by year and these dynamics are challenging
the present product implementations. Unlike
other domains, Cyber security in automotive
impact majorly on vehicle safety. This fact
needed further elaboration of safety in
context with Cyber Security.
As indicated by ISO 21434, cybersecurity
implementation is distributed phenomena
and various stakeholders are coming together
to build reliable long-term technology
solutions.
Key
challenging
scenarios
of
Backend
with VSOC
Mobile
Wi-Fi BT
DSRC (V2V)
GPS
Cellular
EVSE
OBD tools
Vehicle Network
Chassis
Body
ADAS - Safety
Powertrain
Present Challenges
Communications
EV
Others
Adaptive
Suspension
Lighting, AFLS
Radar-LidarCamara
Traction
Control
IVI
BMS,
Charging
Autonomous
Drive
ESC
TPMS
Sensor Fusion
Engine Control
Telematics
DC-DC
Converters
Vehicle
Control
Modul
Steering
Climate Control
Adaptive
Scenarios
Energy
Management
Secure Gateway
Inverters
Smart
Actuators
Domain
Controller
Power Seats &
Other Utilities
Airbag
Others
BT, Wi-Fi
E Axle
Adaptive/Pre
dictive Cruise
32 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
Understanding Hierarchy of Security
vulnerabilities from Vehicle Perspective
Many research papers and Standards have
analyzed the source & path of Cyber Security
threats. The analysis and protection methods
are being envisaged to categorize these threats
at different levels of vehicle echo system.
Following is a simple attempt to categorize
these threats fundamentally at various levels.
● Level 6 – External & Remote to the
Vehicle – For example, communication
from Backend, DSRC communication.
● Level 5 – External & Short range from
Vehicle – For example, communication
with smart sensors, smart actuators, WiFi, BT, OBD.
● Level 4 – Telematics Unit (TCU) –
Gateway to the vehicle from the external
world. All the vehicle networks are
connected to this TCU. TCU supports
OTA, remote diagnostics and connected
car solutions.
● Level 3 – Vehicle Network Gateway
(VNG)
● Level 2 – ECU to ECU – Data flow from
ECU to ECU
● Level 1 – Applications resident of some
of ECUs. (Example: Applications in Head
Unit and Telematics)
● Level 0 – Control Unit Level –
Software
CVEs from automotive industry
In 2022 alone, more than 150 new CVEs
identified and most of them are remote &
long-range based ones. Out of these 151
CVEs (33 Critical, 74 high and 44 medium
vulnerabilities). These CVEs are ranging from
semiconductor chips to vehicle echo
systems.
Distributed Cyber
Security – Stake
Holders
OEMs
Tier 1
Semiconductor
Orgs – Micros with
HSM
SW Management
Orgs.
Process & Audit
Experts – ISO
21434
SUMS Certification
Agencies per R156
Research Agencies
Backend
Organizations per
R156
CSMS
infrastructure
CSMS echo system
Updates to Crypto
Stack
Security Software
with Autosar
Support Standard
based Process
Infra.
IDPS systems
SUMS echo system
Technical
Management per
R156
Support SUMS
Research on
advanced control
methods
RTOS with Safety &
Security
Audits &
Certifications
White Hacker
groups
Security Echo
system for backend
Approval Authority
per R156
Software
Management
Support Multi Core
Security Systems
SW Lifecycle Mang.
Tools
SUMS echo system
with backend org
Autonomous Drive systems & Security
threats:
While the autonomous car offers great
advantages, it comes with the risk of hackers
interfering with ADAS functions, steering,
breaking and others.
● Autonomous Drive subsystems utilize
Machine Learning (ML) algorithms
and integrity of this software is a critical
for reliability. Attackers may choose to
manipulate these algorithms and related
data to gain advantage to attack the
vehicles. Examples are Vehicle collision,
change critical prediction data etc.
● Image recognition systems use a deep
learning algorithm to identify and classify
images such as road signs. This can be
deceived with the help of unique stickers
and graffiti.
● Spoofing the LiDAR sensor signals.
● Manipulation of GPS accuracy, Loss
Brake Control, Loss of Steering Control,
tampering of vehicle dynamics data.
Connected Solutions and cyber security
Challenges
Global Connected Vehicles will jump 134%
from 330 million in 2018 to 775 million in
2023. Cars are becoming more and more
connected and connected car components
(associated ECUs) are at risk as attack
vector surface for connected is growing big.
Following are few security attack areas of
connected car solutions.
● OTA for software updates, remote
diagnostics, Configuration updates
● EV vehicles require integrated connected
solutions for charging infrastructure
Vehicle Security
Operations Center
(VSOC)
IDPS Systems
(EVSE)
● IVI enables several Connected Car
functionalities for various end user
services
● V2X data enables various connected car
solutions towards, body controls, vehicle
control and others
● Autonomous Drive involves automation
till SAE level 5. From SAE level 3,
backend connectivity is emphasized
for Monitoring, algorithms processing,
analytics and control data download
etc. Security of these functionalities,
parameters extremely important in view
of driver safety.
● An attack on cloud services can potentially
enable the hacker to attack many cars
● CCC – Mobile based secure keys
Most of the emerging cyber security
attacks are initiated thru the Head Units.
Head Unit is connected with Telematics, WiFi, BT, CAN, Mobiles and other interfaces.
Also Head Unit will be connected to network
Gateway which connects to all ECUs. All these
interfaces may have several vulnerabilities and
attackers can utilize various combinations for
several attacks.
EV eco system (ECUs, Sensors, backend
server) & cyber security Challenges
Electric Vehicle echo system consists of
various ECUs, Electric Vehicle Service
Equipment (EVSE) and backend-based
software support modules. Some of the cyber
security challenges are…
● Charging stations (EVSE): The ease of
injection of corrupted messages into
EVSE system that can trigger a system-
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
wide failure upon charging or at a pre-set
time. A programmed malware software
from vehicle ECUs can also attack the
EVSE.
Stealing credentials or influencing
charging sessions via the EV-to-EVSE
connection is one of possible examples.
It is possible to sniff data on a CCS
connection using unencrypted ISO
15118/DIN 70121 traffic, using a software
defined radio (SDR) and disrupting the
PLC communications.
The Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP)
is commonly used between EVSE devices
and backend or cloud networks to
configure the charger and obtain charging
parameters. Researchers / white hackers
identified several methods to change
OSCP commands and firmware to EVSE.
Vulnerabilities related to old system /
software design of EVSE. Communication
of various interfaces of EVSE are not
secured.
Exfiltration of logs and configuration data
Weak hashing, insecure bootloaders,
firmware modification, JTAG interfaces
allowed.
Hard-coded
credentials,
improper
cryptographic signatures verification,
insecure password hashing, etc.
Most of the EV vehicle electronic
subsystems (ECUs) are ASIL C, D based
functionalities. Tampering of parameters
of any of these ASIL D functionalities will
have serious effect on vehicle safety.
The battery management system (BMS)
senses the real-time charging/discharging
status of the battery with parameters
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 33
CSMS Updates
Incident
Management
EVSE echo system
enhancements
Research &
White
Hacking
Synchronize
with Value
Chain
Use SW ALM tools
SUMS Updates
R 156 Based
Certificatio
ns
New
Security
Sources
Cyber
Security
Product Life
Manageme
nt
Automotiv
e Cyber
.
Security
Managem
ent
Automotive
Technology
Trends
IDPS
enhancements
Optimized working model
& echo system
New
identified
CVEs
Crypto
Methods &
HSM
improveme
nts
EE Architecture
Updates
Standards
Updates
Code Testing for
security
VSOC
enhancements
Security of ASIL
data,
functionalities
Distributed Cyber Security Echo System and Optimized Working model”
terminal cell voltage, charging current,
state of charge (SOC), state of health
(SOH), cell temperature etc. of the
battery. BMS comes up with the desired
charging profile and communicates with
the OBC controller accordingly. Under
any circumstances if these communicated
signals’ data are altered, it can severely
impact the charging parameters/profile of
the battery, which can grow fatal as well.
Increased Safety Levels (ASIL C, D)
functionalities & Impact of Cybersecurity
Several Automotive ECUs today have
ASIL C, D functionalities. Some of these
functionalities are related to Braking, EV
sub-systems, Steering, ADAS, Roll Control,
Cruise Control and Powertrain and others.
Now with Cyber Security implementation as
new dimension of implementation, it is vital
to have meticulous design & development
methods to analyze the impact overall.
Any slight tampering of safety parameters
data or DOS of any functionalities can cause
of huge impact of vehicle dynamic behavior.
On the other hand, it is also important
34 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
& side effects of cybersecurity controls
implemented.
● Impact on functional safety scenarios
implementation. Some controls can
introduce new assets
● Cyber Security life of ECUs is critical point
for most OEM/T1s. Hence, effectiveness
of Configuration Management Systems,
Incident management processes may need
to be strengthened time to time.
to check ISO 26262 based design /
implementation methods are opening any
new vulnerabilities in the system. Some of
the design centers implement the ISO 21434
first and then adopt to ISO 26262 into the
design to see the impact of design methods
wholistically.
Safety and Security are very much interrelated and experts are following various
methods like FMVEA (Failure Mode,
Vulnerabilities and Effects Analysis) for
elicitation of security & safety requirements
along with other system requirements.
Other Challenges
● Continuous risk assessment and
mitigation is very essential in view of
residual cyber security events and new
threats. Since some products are in field
and not updateable, corresponding
risk needs to be mitigated. CSMS must
prioritize the implementation of risk
treatment options and schedule them into
the release cycle.
● The CSMS should have methods /
procedures to analyze the effectiveness
An advanced cyber security echo system –
Value chain
Getting
right
cybersecurity
implementation requires efforts from
multiple stakeholders of value chain, for the
entire digital lifecycle of modern vehicles.
OEMs, vehicle components suppliers,
semiconductor manufacturers, their valuechain partners will also be required to follow
and implement state-of-the art practices to
mitigate cybersecurity risks and produce
vehicles that are secure by design.
Distributed Cyber Security Echo System
and Optimized Working model
Automotive Cyber Security Echo System can
be visualized at two levels. Every stakeholder
in the security value chain may need an
optimized working model to ensure that,
process infrastructure, technical procedures
& deployment methods are being upgraded
time to time.
At first level, establish the cyber security
initiatives related to Research, elaboration
of standards, Certifications and related
background activities.
● Identifying new Cyber Security sources
● Research on whit hacking
● Research on IDPS
● Further establish standards
● Crypto Research
● HSM enhancements
● Establish right stakeholders of Cyber
Security Value Chain
● Analyze Automotive Technology Trends
from security perspective
● Understand Cyber Security Life of
products
● Certification Needs
● Understand new age CVEs
At second level, establish cyber security
infrastructure, design methods, bringing
research to the implementation, tools,
methods to effectively manage security
threats
● CSMS updates
● SUMS updates
● IDPS enhancements & deployment
● Evolution of advanced E&E architecture
of various vehicles
● Design methods to handle Security and
Safety
● Vehicle Security Operations Center
(VSOC) enhancements & deployment
● SW ALM tools & enhancements
● EV-EVSE echo system enhancements
● Incident
management
Systems
improvements
● Deploy Secure & Safety RTOS
● Advanced Telematics System
● Secure Gateway enhancements &
deployment
CSMS Management:
Role of CSMS has been detailed in the
WP.29 R155 clearly. CSMS Core team will
be responsible for competency management
of Cyber Security engineers and adopt
continuous
sustainable
management
systems to analyze / investigate above
security challenges, perform remediation
time to time.
It is important to maintain CVE dockets
as a part of CSMS along with methods to
detect and mitigate them. They have to
enforce continuous monitoring for over a
decade after vehicles roll off the assembly
inline order to keep in line with the
certifications / standards.
Need of Secure RTOS & good Software
design
An RTOS builds security into the system
at the lowest level can help prevent attacks
at the point of entry, whether the network
or other physical devices. A secure RTOS
and good software architecture can enable a
number of key security methods that help to
protect against malicious attacks.
Some of these features are Multiple
Independent Levels of Security, Data
isolation, restricted periods task processing,
Fault isolation, secure identification &
authorization mechanism to verify a user,
Authorization and privilege levels for all
services, disallow insecure services, support
the use of official encryption certificates,
usage of industry standard cryptography
libraries, Disable debug services, disable
all non-essential services, MMU based
Memory protection and isolation, Secure
Boot Loading and Execution, Secure Data
Storage, Residual information protection,
Software update verification and others.
Stakeholders
OEMs generally takes lead role in setting,
validate & inspect the SUMS infrastructure
with value chain stakeholders time to
time. Following figure illustrate the overall
operations flow and key activities among
these stake holders.
Advanced Telematics Systems & Cyber
Security Challenges:
TCU is the entry point of the vehicle and
bridges all the communication (from various
ECUs) with the external world. Hence,
Cyber Security of TCU is critical to ensure
cyber security of vehicle. Following are few
TCU based security scenarios and design
considerations.
● Separate secure communication protocols
/ methods with OEM backend and AIS
140 based backend.
● Most of these TCUs have dual network
provision. Security scenarios dealing
network switching and vehicle operation
modes are to be taken care.
● Security scenarios of CAN, Ethernet and
wireless interfaces
● TCU maintains critical data of all vehicle
ECUs for OTA SUMS provision which
needs to be protected. Integrity of this
high-volume data is critical for operations.
● The OTA Agent receives a SWC
through secure communication. The
Following figure illustrate the overall operations flow and key
activities among these stake holders.
SUMS
infrastructure
at
OEM
&
R156 based SUMS echo system and Operations model
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire
Advanced Telematics Systems & Cyber Security
Challenges:
| 35
●
●
●
●
Software Verifier / Activator verifies and
activates the SWC, potentially involving
authorization from a VSOC.
Secure Remote Diagnostics of Vehicle
Security scenarios of Telematics
applications related to use cases like edge
analytics, vehicle /customer relationship
management and others.
A software distribution Agent responsible
for bringing new SW components into
the different ECUs implemented with an
ECU core partition. A service manager
software initializes the SWC and starts its
services after having integrity checks.
Key Management software for the TCU
and other ECUs.
Secure Gateway
An automotive Secure gateway serves a
critical role in vehicle security. It performs
data routing functions and supports other
vehicle-wide applications like
Data Routing: Routing of data on a path
to reach its intended destination. It may be
on different networks requiring protocol
translation. Gateway ECU software need to
have solid protection to this data so that attack
path restricted up to Gateway only.
Diagnostic Routing: Routing of
diagnostic messages between external
diagnostic devices and ECUs which may
involve translation between diagnostic
protocols such as DoIP and UDS.
Firewall: Filtering inbound and outbound
network traffic based on rules, disallowing
data transfers from unauthorized sources.
Advanced firewalls may include contextaware filtering.
Intrusion Detection:
Monitoring
CAN Connected ECUs
Ethernet Connected
ECUs
network traffic for anomalies that may indicate
intrusion. Since most interfaces are primarily
connected to this Unit, orchestration of IDPS
of various sensor streams implemented in
same unit instead of distributed IDPS based
on Sensors primary connections in normal
vehicle E/E architecture.
EE Architecture:
E/E architecture of a vehicle can greatly affect
the data flow efficiency, enable advanced
functionalities, cost optimization and cyber
security as well.
Most of the vehicle EE architectures have
network gateways which bridges Telematics
Control Unit and all other ECU networks.
Connectivity between Gateway and internal
ECUs are most connected with CAN /
Ethernet. Since CAN & Ethernet protocols
are widely known to industry, attackers can
reach any ECU remotely. One good thought
is to have completely customized – private
– encrypted protocol (CPEP) between
TCU and Network Gateway. While it is a
non-standard method, it can limit the attack
possibility till TCU only.
Vehicle Technical Management & VSOC
Product development teams and backend
technical teams are expected to develop /
upgrade design – development methods to
cater the new age security challenges.
● Minimize the attack surface – Turn off
features, services and access not necessary
for most users to reduce the number of
attack vectors into the system. Set the
default configuration and behavior of the
system to be as secure as possible.
● Software architecture should enable
Telematics Unit
Wireless
Communication
Ports
Secure Network
Gateway
OBD
FlexRay Connected
ECUs
Domain Controller 1
36 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
●
●
●
●
●
●
Domain Controller 2
ECU
ECU
ECU
ECU
multi-layered approach of defense and do
not count on any one layer as providing
complete protection.
VSOC operations & technology should
seamlessly integrate with the existing
connected vehicle ecosystem, from
telematics.
Vehicle Simulator software are being
utilized to simulate vehicle like conditions
to understand impact on various chassis
components and its functionalities.
Tampering of various vehicle dynamics
parameters can be simulated up to some
extent to analyze safety functionalities and
security impact on chassis components.
Product Development organizations
and VSOCs should constantly improve
to drive use case engineering, improve
detection algorithms, expand the
monitoring of indicators of compromise,
and optimize the investigation process.
Configurable use cases (detection logic)
and scalable ML/AI detection engines are
some examples.
A primary level Cyber Security Alert
Management System may be required to
quickly understand Cyber Security alerts
in queue and initiate corrective actions.
Analysis of these events to be taken up
with VSOC processes & Product ECUs
as well. Responsibilities include analyzing
the vehicle data and suggesting applicable
automotive use cases, detection rules and
playbooks. Upgrading IDPS is one task to
initiate improved detection and correction
activities.
To limit the volume of alerts to a
consumable,
manageable
quantity,
VSOCs should add layers of supporting
data points that provide context and
simplify the investigation process.
The best defense from graffiti based ADAS
attacks is to leverage multi-modal systems
for image recognition with LiDAR, radar
sensors, or cameras together by prove
sensor fusion methods and tested to ensure
that use cases of these attack vectors are
taken care in the product software.
IDPS Research:
Security alerts observations to be taken up
for deep analysis (includes classification
of incidents, and advises on remediation
procedures) of the data, identifies breaches in
vehicle modules and backend.
Orchestrating an Intrusion detection and
Pro Active Security Analysis
CAN
PKI Infrastructure
Security Controls
Automotive
Ethernet
Security Alerts to VSOC
OCPP
events
VSOC with Backend
Radar
Monitoring
Lidar
GPS
Deep Analysis of data
Security Alerts, events
& Other relevant data
V2V
Prediction
IDS / IPS
FlexRay
Security Analysis
EVSE – ISO 15118
Security Controls
Others
Prevention system (IDPS) for these new
age vehicles with growing cyber security
observations is challenging task. Follow
diagram illustrates the ideal need of an
IDPS structure along with all sources of data
communication.
An ECU with IDPS is connected to the
busses in the vehicle carrying the sensor/
input data. It passively monitors the bus
traffic (e.g., CAN bus frames) and extracts the
raw sensor data. A machine learning pipeline
where raw data, e.g., from the CAN bus is prefiltered and aggregated to make it suitable for
the following machine learning stage to detect
threats and attacks. IDPS can create events
about detected attacks.
Incident Management:
In view of exponential new age security threats,
incident management plan implementation
is critical and responsibility of entire cyber
security echo system. Incident management
process activities have to comply SUMS
certification process and analyze software
updates required for re-certification.
● Analyze information from ECUs, vehicle
types, and other contextualized data.
● Standardize the mitigation of incidents
and speed up the investigation process
with best-practice playbooks.
● Perform root-cause analysis to unveil
the tactics, techniques, and procedures
(TTPs) used by threat actors, study attack
patterns with multiple attack views, and
detect vulnerable components to enable
effective long-term prevention.
● Capture risk-profiles for individual
vehicles, vehicle types and their HW/SW
components.
EV & EVSE security protection scenarios:
In order to protect the EVSE threat scenarios,
it is recommended to design protection at
various stages. This includes security between
backend (power operator, OEM) and EVSE,
EVSE systems security, security between
EVSE and EV. Few key points are…
The threats due to electric vehicle charging
ports can be handled by utilizing three
schemes, namely secure firmware updates,
cryptographic signatures, and authentication
schemes.
Hardening of ISO 15118 communication
with additional authentication mechanisms,
confirming message validity etc.
Secure EVSE internet interfaces with
stronger encryption and TLS technologies.
Host-based intrusion detection systems
and tamper-resistant technologies for
physical and logical access. Device-level
security features, including secure storage,
secure bootloaders, and other software/
hardware hardening technologies.
References
● Addressing Cybersecurity in the Next
Generation Mobility Ecosystem with
CARAMEL Nikolaos Argyropoulosa*,
Pouria Sayyad Khodashenasb, Orestis
Mavropoulosa,
Eirini
Karapistolia,
Anastasios Lytosc, Paris Alexandros
Karypidisc, Klaus-Peter Hofmannd
● PERFECTING VEHICLE CYBER
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
SECURITY MONITORING WITH Argus
VSOC
Attacks and defences on intelligent connected
vehicles: a survey Mahdi Dibaeia, Xi Zheng'a,
Kun Jiangb , Robert Abbasc , Shigang Liud ,
Yuexin Zhangd , Yang Xiangd, Shui Yue
In-Vehicle Communication Cyber Security:
Challenges and Solutions Rajkumar Singh
Rathore 1, Chaminda Hewage 1 , Omprakash
Kaiwartya 2,* and Jaime Lloret.
Cybersecurity in automotive Mastering the
challenge – McKinsey report, March 2020
2022,
GLOBAL
AUTOMOTIVE
CYBERSECURITY
REPORT
AUTOMOTIVE
CYBER
THREAT
LANDSCAPE IN LIGHT OF NEW
REGULATIONS
PROTECTING ELECTRIC VEHICLES Modern Cybersecurity Solutions and the Road
to Revenue – By Upstream 2022
“ISO – CYBERSECURITY IN THE
DRIVER’S SEAT,” https://www.iso.org/
news/ref2584.html
https://www.iso.org/news/ref2584.
html (accessed Sep. 05, 2022).
“UN Regulation No. 155 – Cyber security and
cyber security management system.” https://
unece.org/transport/documents/2021/03/
standards/un-regulation-no-155-cybersecurity-and-cyber-security (accessed Sep. 05,
2022).
AUTHOR
CHANDRASEKHAR KONAKALLA
CEO
SRI RUSHI CONSULTING SERVICES
He has about 25+ years of experience in embedded space, having
worked with Automotive Tier 1 and services organizations since last 14
years. In his last 3 roles he was VP – Engg Dept.; GM at Tata Elxsi; GM
– Pricol Ltd.He has strong association with Automotive Cyber Security,
Automotive Functional Safety, Body Electronics Products, Chassis
Electronics Products, Telematics, Instrument Clusters, EV products.
He has developed first generation virtual paged RTOS.
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 37
Technical Insight
SAFE MOBILITY USING ADAS
SAURABH NARWADE
Expert Global Solutions
E
volution has always and primarily
been a key factor in driving
mankind toward perfection.
We see ourselves far from the
saturation point even after an impossible
breakthrough. Maybe this never-ending
endeavor has kept us and the markets
running all this time. Even the consumer
demands keep pushing the creators to
deliver something new every time. When it
comes to mobility, high stakes are riding on
it. More than 70% of businesses depend on
mobility. With the objective of optimizing
these businesses, huge efforts have gone
to enhance the automobile entities. Along
with enhancing these entities, a focus on
user convenience and comfort is given.
In this phase of transformation, many
businesses have even become obsolete
while many have thrived by catching the
pulse of the market.
In recent times, the term ADAS has been
gaining traction in the commercial and
luxury vehicle market. The constant need of
captivating users by delivering new features
has propelled the overall mobility market.
ADAS has been constantly evolving with an
aim of minimizing human-induced errors
and avoiding major mishaps. ADAS was
once available for top-end luxury cars but
now, ADAS is not just limited to premium
segment vehicles but is also available
for C and D-segment vehicles. ADAS
when paired with the latest technological
developments to help India in ensuring
increased road safety will be a great gambit
to look forward to.
Genesis and rise of ADAS
It all began in 1970 when the concept of an
anti-lock braking system was introduced.
This was used to provide grip to the tires
in case of emergency. It was applied to
airplanes, cars, trucks, etc. The adage
Safe Mobility Using ADAS
“Necessity is the mother of invention” still
stands true. With the rise of the automotive
market, the number of fatalities also
started rising. In order to curtail humaninduced errors while driving, numerous
attempts were made to provide assistance
to the driver and to make driving safe. In
the beginning, ADAS included blind spot
information, anti-lock brakes, electronic
stability control, etc. These features did help
drivers to a certain extent but could not
fulfill their desired objective.
Globalization in India made way for
many foreign companies to foray into the
market and present world-class products to
customers. In this race, Indian companies
also adopted methods and techniques that
would keep their position intact. It has been
a challenge for carmakers to introduce the
most advanced features to the most pricesensitive customers. But eventually, even
the per capita disposable income grew, and
Evolution
has
always
primarily been a key factor in driving mankind toward perfection.
38 | Telematics
Wire
| April - and
June 2023
We see ourselves far from the saturation point even after an impossible breakthrough. Maybe
Figure: Type of Road Accidents: 2016-2021
customers started buying high-end luxury
products.
The Correlation
between ADAS and Road
Accidents
If we were to gauge the efficacy and
impact of ADAS, we would need to
compute numbers. Considering the fact
that ADAS gained momentum in the last
decade, the number of road accidents also
displayed a dip. European nations have
been aggressively deploying ADAS in their
vehicles for the last few years and as a result,
the number of road traffic fatalities in 2009
was 34,000 and in 2019 the number stooped
to 23,000. This evidently displays that the
implementation of ADAS has lowered
road casualties and this shows a significant
correlation between ADAS and the number
of road accidents. According to Dr.Barry
Sheehan from Lero Research Institute, if
ADAS is introduced across all vehicles, the
number of road crashes would reduce by
23.8% approximately.
If we look at the total number of overall
accidents, we can see a slight dip in the
numbers for consecutive years (except for
2020 due to Covid outbreak). In this span,
ADAS was not prevalent in India and still,
we could see this dip. ADAS now being
commercialized to most car segments,
could even make these numbers fall further.
5G and Connected Cars
Communication has always been beneficial
for humans. Better the communication,
better the clarity and corresponding output.
This could be applicable to cars as well. We
would see talking cars only in sci-fi movies
and never could have imagined if this all
could be real until the advent of 5G. 5G is
the technology that every ADAS developer
was waiting for because of its low latency.
With its huge and diverse applications, 5G
could further expand the ADAS market and
exhume obscure possibilities.
In a Utopian automotive world,
connected cars can facilitate 360 degrees of
awareness with a range of 300 meters. There
are several applications in a connected
car world. An intersection movement
assist application can warn drivers when
there are other vehicles approaching the
intersection. Overtaking has always been a
daunting task for drivers. If there is a heavy
Source: GOI, Transport Research Wing (www.morth.nic.in)
conditions. In harsh weather conditions
vehicle ahead of a car and the visibility to
Ifovertake
we lookisatlimited,
the total
number
of overall
accidents,
we visibility
can see a isslight
in the numbers
where
low, dip
connected
cars canfor
then,
the heavy
vehicle
consecutive
years (except
forcar
2020
due to
outbreak). In this
ADAS was
this span,
information
to not
other
can communicate
with the
about
theCovidcommunicate
prevalent
in of
India
and still,after
we could
see this dip.
ADAS
to most
cars.
Thisnow
waybeing
all thecommercialized
cars in that specific
probability
overtaking
computing
car
numbers fall
further.
zone
could stay alert.
thesegments,
scenario could
ahead even
of it.make
An these
emergency
brake light warning application notifies the
driver when an out-of-sight vehicle which
is several cars ahead is braking. Cars when
equipped with such interoperable network
and wireless communication among
themselves could give rise to safe mobility
in true sense. This type of network and
communication is only possible through
5G as of now.
The recent development of smart tyre
system where sensors present in tyres can
senseand
the Connected
surrounding Cars
environment and
5G
provide real-time information on road
Government Policies and
their Impact
Indian government’s move of enabling
telecom providers such as Airtel and Jio
to conduct 5G trials could work well in
favor of India’s automobile market. The
government has been on its toes to make
mobility safe by all means possible. Be it
building top-notch highways for transit,
funding research institutes to build in-house
ADAS capabilities, or drafting ADASrelated policies. Minister of Road Transport
April - June
| Telematics
Wire
| 39
Communication has always been beneficial
for2023
humans.
Better the
communication,
clarity and corresponding output. This could be applicable to cars as well. We would s
cars only in sci-fi movies and never could have imagined if this all could be real until t
Road Ahead
such as overspeeding, drunken driving, and
lack of road discipline which are primary
causes of road accidents. To monitor and
control overspeeding, RFID technology
could prove to be beneficial where RFID
tags can be used to detect speed. The
dilemma of drunken driving is countered by
Driver Monitoring System (DMS) where
the system reads the facial cues and slows
down the vehicle if the driver is drowsy. And
the most important of all, Road Discipline,
could either be achieved with the collective
efforts of citizens or by levying heavy
penalties for disobeying the rules.
ADAS is being extended to trucks as
well considering the difficulty level of
driving involved. This difficulty paired
with harsh weather conditions can give rise
to severe accidents. Road edge detection
system can provide meaningful assistance
to truck drivers in this case. This system
would detect the edges of the roads and
avoid collisions. In addition to these, animal
run
Level
5
vehicles
on
dedicated
circuits.
and Highways, Mr. Nitin Gadkari has been
n the most
developed
nations
ADAS.
presence on highways
also causes a lot of
planning
to make certain
ADAS have
features faced severe challenges while implementing
The
Road
Ahead
mishaps.
A
counter-measure
to this is an
mandatory.
Features
such
as
Autonomous
US itself recorded 400 car crashes in 11 Months that involved automated technology. After
animal
detection
system
where
the cameras,
Emergency Braking (AEB) and Electronic
Even the most developed nations have
lacing technology
entirely at the forefront
may not be the utopian world
carmakers would
infrared, and thermal sensors would be
Stability Control (ESC) could be made
faced severe challenges while implementing
setup in hotspots. This system could
mandatory
in Indian
vehicles by
thisto
year’s
The to
US it.
itself recorded 400 car
imagined.
There
certainly
has
be a ADAS.
balance
identify animal activity and inform drivers
end. On a corresponding note, many
crashes in 11 Months that involved
well in advance via digital and connected
carmakers have already been presenting
automated technology. After all, placing
billboards. Here, ARAI (Automotive
such features. Mahindra’s XUV 700 has
technology entirely at the forefront may
Research Association of India) could lead
AEB, traffic sign recognition, lane keep
not be the utopian world carmakers would
the consortium of OEMs and tier 1 firms to
assist, forward collision warning, and blind
have imagined. There certainly has to be a
build and deploy this ecosystem.
view monitor. TATA Motors and Honda
balance to it.
In true sense, India’s victory lies in
City E-Hybrid have followed suit. Owing
In India, there are different sets of hurdles
making ADAS available and feasible for
to this trend, many other carmakers would
right from underdeveloped infrastructure
most consumers across the country and
be readily implementing ADAS features in
to over populous streets. But being the
making a revolutionary change in its road
their cars. If this development keeps its pace
fastest-evolving market, India is adopting
mobility practices. It has to start with
steady, in a few years we would see even
technology at a commendable rate. India
people. It has to start with collective efforts
basic models possessing these features and a
has been deploying the entire AI/ML
and resounding unison. As it is rightly said,
reduction in the rate of car accidents.
cycle locally. Right from the most primitive
“Technology is best when it brings people
As of now, Indian cars have ADAS Level
step such as data collection to the final
together”.
2 features and could go up to level 4 in the
step involving AI model building is being
Major companies who have been
coming times. The road to implementing
carried out in India itself. This is a display of
pioneering
in ADAS are Mercedes, Audi,
completely autonomous carsAuthor
is fraught
with
India’s
independence
from
foreign
entities.
Introduc,on
Bosch, Continental, Valeo, etc. Along with
major challenges but, it is surely possible to
Although, India has to grapple with issues
these giants, Expert Global Solutions has
been one of the early vendors providing
AUTHOR
services such as data collection, data
SAURABH NARWADE
annotation, embedded development, IoT
PRESALES CONSULTANT
framework, etc. Recently, Expert Global
EXPERT GLOBAL SOLUTIONS
Solutions merged with Alten Group which
Saurabh Narwade began his professional career in Expert Global
is a global leader in Engineering and
Solutions as a Software Engineer and has worked on various
verticals of ADAS since 2016. Having led teams for projects such
Technology Consulting. This collaboration
as KPI Analyses, Operations Management, and Data Annotation, he
will further strengthen the market traction
has attained proficiency in the techno-commercial domain.
for both companies.
40 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
Mr. Saurabh Narwade
Presales Consultant at Expert Global Solu,ons (An Alten Company)
Technical Insight
TELEMATICS IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES
NISHCHAL CHAUDHARY
BattRE Electric Mobility
T
elematics, in the most
straightforward
sense,
is the integrated use of
telecommunications
and
information technology to send, receive,
and store data. It is a key component of
the Internet of Things (IoT), as it allows
devices to communicate with each other
in real-time. Consequently, telematics,
as a communication technology and
a decision support science, has today
grown in popularity both among the
manufacturers as well as the users of this
discipline. In a nutshell, vehicle telematics
combines automotive technology with
computer science, communications tech,
data sciences, and locational systems such
as GPS to create new opportunities for
digitalized automobiles, both 2- and
4-wheeler and everything else too, in order
to generate increased and better outcomes
operational efficiency, improved flexibility,
and, in general, all-around better results.
The origin of telematics can be traced
back to the early 1960s when the first
satellite communications systems were
developed. These early systems were
designed to transmit voice and data over
long distances, enabling communication
between remote locations and the rest
of the world. However, the cost and
complexity of these systems meant that
they were primarily used by the military
and government agencies.
It was not until the 1990s that
telematics began to emerge as a
commercial technology, driven by
advances in microelectronics and wireless
communications. The first telematics
systems were developed for the automotive
industry, with the goal of improving
vehicle safety and performance. The first
commercial application of telematics
was in the trucking industry, where it
was used to improve fleet management
and optimize delivery routes. Telematics
systems were also used in the insurance
industry. In the early 2000s, telematics
began to expand beyond the automotive
and insurance industries, with applications
in areas such as healthcare, logistics, and
energy management. Today, telematics
has become a ubiquitous technology, with
applications in virtually every industry and
sector.
The development of advanced sensors,
artificial intelligence, and cloud-based
computing has further expanded the
capabilities of telematics, enabling realtime data analysis and insights that were
once impossible. Looking to the future,
telematics is poised to play an even greater
role in shaping the way we live, work, and
interact with the world around us.
What has happened recently, especially
with environmental consciousness taking
a more prominent position amongst
manufacturers and buyers as well as with
policymakers, Electric Vehicles are growing
in number and intensity. This has led to a
new wave of telematics solutions designed
specifically to address the challenges of
transitioning to and operating an EV
fleet—electric vehicle telematics. Electric
vehicle telematics is simply the application
of automotive telematics systems to
electrified fleets. EV telematics allows fleet
managers to run more efficient fleets and
adapt to the inevitable changes that are
coming with electric vehicles.
The technical building
blocks
Electric Vehicle Telematics technology
typically involves several different
components. The first is a telematics
device, which is installed in the vehicle
and is responsible for collecting data. This
device can be either a standalone unit
or integrated into the vehicle’s onboard
computer system. The data collected by
the device is transmitted wirelessly to a
central server, which can be accessed by
authorized users through a web portal or
other interface.
Telematics devices typically include
several types of sensors to collect different
types of data. These sensors can include
GPS sensors, which are used to track
the vehicle’s location and speed, as well
as accelerometers, which can be used
to detect sudden changes in speed or
direction. Other sensors may include fuel
level sensors, engine diagnostics sensors,
and driver behaviour sensors, which can
be used to monitor factors such as harsh
braking, acceleration, and cornering.
In practical terms, a vehicle which is
integrated with telematics usually has a
robust, crash-resistant, ‘black box’ with a
complex electronic control unit (ECU)
inside it. This black box also referred
to as the T-Box, is the core telematics
control unit (TCU). The TCU has various
components, but broadly it comprises the
following:
ECU Network – Inside the vehicle,
there is an interconnected network
of automotive ECUs which help the
Telematics Control Unit to collect vehicle
data such as engine temperature, vehicle
speed, diagnostics information, etc.
Telematics Control Unit (TCU) – This
control unit is the heart of the telematics
device. It has communication interfaces
with the vehicle’s CAN (Controller Area
Network) bus and the IoT cloud server,
streamlines Human Machine Interface
data streams, and manages the memory
and battery of the device as well. The bidirectional communication with the cloud
server is established through a cellular,
LTE, or GPRS network.
IoT Cloud Server – The information
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 41
that is collected by the telematics control
unit is shared with the cloud-based
telematics server through a highly secure
GPRS or cellular network. On the IoT
cloud platform, the data is extracted and
stored in databases for processing.
The industry landscape
The industry applications of telematics are
today considerably mainstreamed, and it
is no longer just an academic or frontier
engineering discipline as it was perhaps
a couple of decades ago. Consequently,
telematics has acquired an industry
complexion on its own merit and potential.
The global market size of the telematics
industry was valued at $35.4 billion in 2020,
and it is projected to grow to $62.2 billion
by 2025, with a CAGR of 12.0% during the
forecast period. This growth is driven by
the increasing demand for advanced safety
and security features in vehicles, the rise in
the use of connected car services, and the
need for better fleet management.
This industry is also characterized by
the growing use of advanced technologies
such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine
learning (ML), and the Internet of Things
(IoT). These technologies are being used
to develop more sophisticated telematics
solutions that can provide real-time data
on electric vehicle performance, driver
behaviour, and environmental conditions.
The industry is dominated by a few key
players but there are also many smaller
companies that specialize in specific areas
of the telematics industry, such as fleet
management or vehicle tracking.
Geographically, the telematics industry
is dominated by North America and
Europe, which together account for more
than 60% of the global market share. This
is due to the high penetration of connected
car services in these regions, as well as the
presence of major telematics companies.
Globally, according to a recent report,
the automotive telematics market is poised
for rapid growth over the next few years,
with 88 per cent of new vehicles (roughly
104 million) expected to have some form
of connectivity by 2025. In India, the
commercial telematics market size was
around 1,212 million USD and is expected
to touch 3,640 million by 2028, growing
at a CAGR of 19 per cent between these
years.
EV telematics’ solutions
In a broad sweep, electric vehicle telematics
providers typically offer a combination of
IoT vehicle telematics solutions, cloud,
hardware, and software solutions, including
GPS tracking, cloud-based platforms with
easy integration for multiple partners,
telematics sensors, fleet management
software, streamlined and accessible
dashboard with visualizations, reporting
capabilities, automated and configurable
notifications and alarms, compliance
parameters, and real-time AI integration
for early warnings and instant insights.
Telematics integration with CASE
(CONNECTED,
AUTONOMOUS,
SHARED, ELECTRIC) vehicles is
becoming increasingly popular. While it has
been commonplace for higher-end electric
vehicles such as the latest four-wheelers,
including commercial vehicles and PVs
to have telematics as a standard inclusion
along with many rider assistance features,
this has now started gradually getting picked
up in the two-wheeler segment as well. The
two-wheeler industry is ringing in an era
of intelligent motorbikes and e-scooters,
integrated with telematics and smartassistance capabilities. The integration of
Looking to the future, telematics integration
with CASE vehicles is expected to become even
more advanced. Autonomous features, such as
lane-keeping and adaptive cruise control, are
being developed to make driving safer and more
efficient
42 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
these digital features is expected to take the
motorcycling experience to a whole new
level!
Applications galore
In the context of 2-wheeled electric
vehicles, telematics has numerous cuttingedge applications that are transforming
the riding experience and enhancing
safety and efficiency. These can be roughly
encapsulated as under:
Real-time tracking and monitoring:
Telematics can enable real-time tracking
and monitoring of electric 2-wheeled
vehicles. This can be useful for fleet
management, vehicle security, and locationbased services. Real-time tracking can also
help riders navigate unfamiliar roads and
plan their routes more efficiently.
Predictive maintenance: Telematics can
also be used to monitor the health of the EV
and predict when maintenance is needed.
This can help riders avoid breakdowns and
prevent costly repairs.
Rider behaviour analysis:
Telematics can also be used to analyse
rider behaviour and provide feedback to
riders on how they can improve their riding
skills. This can help riders reduce their risk
of accidents and improve fuel efficiency.
Safety features:
Telematics can also be used to enhance
safety features on 2-wheeled electric
vehicles. For example, sensors can detect
when a rider is in danger and automatically
trigger safety features such as anti-lock
brakes, traction control, and airbags.
Connected services:
Telematics can enable a range of
connected services for 2-wheeler riders.
For example, riders can use telematics
systems to access information on traffic
conditions, weather, and nearby amenities
such as gas stations and restaurants.
Insurance:
Telematics can also be used to enhance
insurance services for EV 2-wheeler
riders. Insurance companies can use
telematics data to offer personalized
insurance products based on riders’ driving
behaviour.
The proliferation of electric vehicles has
monitoring, and focus on solutions that
offer those features.
Use Open-Source Solutions: Consider
open-source telematics solutions, if
possible.
Consider
Subscription-Based
Services: Some telematics vendors offer
subscription-based services that can be
more affordable compared to purchasing
hardware and software outright.
The telematics industry is a fast-growing sector that
is driven by the increasing demand for connected
car and 2-wheeler services, advanced safety and
security features, and better fleet management
solution
led to a new wave of telematics solutions
designed specifically to address the
challenges of transitioning to and operating
an EV fleet—electric vehicle telematics.
Caveats and limitations
While electric vehicle telematics has the
potential to transform transportation, there
are also several limitations and challenges
that need to be addressed. Here are some of
the most significant challenges:
Data Privacy and Security: Telematics
generates a large amount of data, and
ensuring the privacy and security of this
data is a significant challenge. Unauthorized
access to this data can lead to theft or misuse
of personal information, and the potential
for cyber-attacks is also a concern.
Cost: Telematics hardware, software,
and services can be expensive, especially
for small and medium-sized businesses. The
cost of implementation and maintenance
can be a barrier to entry for some companies.
Technical Complexity: Telematics
technology is complex and it can be
challenging for some companies to
implement and maintain.
Interoperability: There are many
different telematics systems and providers,
and ensuring interoperability between these
systems can be a challenge. This can lead to
inefficiencies and increased costs.
Connectivity: Telematics requires
a reliable and robust connectivity
infrastructure. In some areas, especially in
developing countries, the availability and
quality of connectivity may be limited.
Regulatory Compliance: Telematics
data is subject to regulations such as data
privacy and security laws. Companies need
to ensure that they are compliant with these
regulations, which can be a challenge in
some regions.
Horizons ahead
The most critical advances in vehicle
telematics include connected cars,
2-wheelers, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V)
and
vehicle-to-everything
(V2X)
communication, and intelligent transport
systems. Connected EV technology
offers drivers and riders additional safety,
convenience, and entertainment features
through the use of cellular data and GPS.
V2V communication allows vehicles to
connect with one another and exchange
data, such as speed and direction, for
improved safety and automated driving.
Looking to the future, telematics
integration with CASE vehicles is
expected to become even more advanced.
Autonomous features, such as lane-keeping
and adaptive cruise control, are being
developed to make driving safer and more
efficient. Additionally, telematics systems
will be used in conjunction with other
smart technologies, such as on-vehicle
entertainment, to provide an even more
complete and assured experience to drivers
and riders.
The telematics industry is a fast-growing
sector that is driven by the increasing demand
for connected car and 2-wheeler services,
advanced safety and security features, and
better fleet management solutions. With the
use of advanced technologies such as AI and
IoT, the industry is expected to continue to
grow at a rapid pace in the coming years.
Overall, these limitations and challenges
need to be addressed to ensure that
telematics technology can reach its full
potential. By addressing these challenges,
telematics has the potential to provide
significant benefits to transportation
companies, governments, and society as a
whole.
Optimizing integration
It is true that telematics integration
in electric vehicles can be expensive,
particularly for small and medium-sized
businesses. However, there are several
measures that can be taken to reduce the
cost of telematics integration:
Consider the Total Cost of
Ownership: When evaluating different
telematics solutions, it’s important to
consider the total cost of ownership, not
just the upfront costs.
Select a Scalable Solution: When
choosing a telematics solution, consider one
that can be scaled up or down depending on
your needs.
Leverage Existing Technology: If
vehicles already have other technologies
present, look for telematics solutions that
can integrate with these.
Focus on Key Features: Identify the
most critical features for your business,
such as GPS tracking or driver behaviour
AUTHOR
NISHCHAL CHAUDHARY
FOUNDER, BATTRE ELECTRIC MOBILITY
Nishchal Chaudhary is an Indian entrepreneur and the
founder of BattRE Electric Mobility, which is a start-up
focused on manufacturing and selling electric scooters
in India. He started BattRE Electric Mobility in 2017, with
the aim of providing eco-friendly and sustainable mobility
solutions to the Indian market.
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 43
Industry Insight
ELECTRIC VEHICLES FOR ALL
BHARATH RAJAN
Tessolve SemiConductors Pvt Ltd.
E
lectric vehicles (EVs) have come
a long way since their inception
in the early 19th century. At the
time, EVs were primarily used for
short distances and as city cars. Today, EVs
have a range that can compete with internal
combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, and
they are rapidly becoming more affordable.
The world is rapidly changing, and EVs
are an integral part of the shift towards a
more sustainable future. In this article, we
will explore the evolution of EVs and the
current state of the industry, including their
benefits, challenges, and future prospects.
Electric vehicles (EVs) have become
increasingly popular in recent years,
as people seek more sustainable and
environmentally-friendly transportation
options. These vehicles use electric motors
and battery packs to power them, rather
than traditional internal combustion
engines that rely on fossil fuels.
One of the primary benefits of EVs is
their environmental impact. Since they do
not rely on fossil fuels, they produce zero
emissions, which is a huge benefit for the
environment.
Another benefit of EVs is their
energy efficiency. Unlike traditional gaspowered vehicles, EVs use energy much
more efficiently, meaning they can travel
further on a single charge. This is because
electric motors are much more efficient at
converting energy into motion than internal
combustion engines. As battery technology
continues to improve, the range of EVs is
also increasing, making them a more viable
option for longer trips.
State of the EV Market
According to a report by the International
Energy Agency (IEA), the global stock
of EVs surpassed 10 million in 2020, up
from just over 2 million in 2016. This
growth is being driven by a combination
of factors, including government incentives
and regulations, improvements in battery
technology, and increasing consumer
demand for sustainable transportation
options.
However, the electric vehicle has two
major drawbacks - range and cost.
Range
Range is a key consideration for many EV
buyers, as it affects how
practical the vehicle is for
day-to-day use. In general,
the range of an EV depends
on several factors, including
the size and capacity of the
battery, the efficiency of
the vehicle’s electric motor,
and driving conditions
such as speed, terrain, and
temperature.
Early EVs had relatively
short
ranges,
typically
around 150 kms on a single
charge. However, as battery
technology has improved,
so has the range of EVs.
Today, many modern EVs
have ranges of over 300 kms,
with some high-end models
boasting ranges of more than
450 kms.
For example, the Tesla
Model S Long Range Plus
has an EPA-rated range of
600 kms, making it one of
the longest-range EVs on the
sel
44 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
rieht ecn
market. Other EVs with long ranges include
the Audi e-tron with a range of up to 350
kms, the Ford Mustang Mach-E with a range
of up to 450 kms, and the Chevrolet Bolt
with a range of up to 400 kms.
While longer range is generally
considered a good thing, it’s important
to note that it comes at a cost. A larger
battery pack, which is necessary for longer
range, adds weight and cost to the vehicle.
Additionally, larger battery packs take
longer to charge, which can be a drawback
for some drivers.
Cost
While EVs can save money over time on
fuel and maintenance costs, they often have
a higher initial price tag than traditional gaspowered vehicles. This can make them less
accessible to people with lower incomes.
The Math
it slower to accelerate, while a lighter battery
It is known that the cost of batteries
weight
of
the
battery
pack
can
have
a
significant
impact
on thethe
performance
and handlingand
of
can
improve
vehicle’s performance
in an EV is roughly 40-50% of the vehicle The A
mid size EV today costs roughly 20 lakh
handling.
cost. This, along with overheads adds to the the vehicle.
rupees and
its
battery
costs
roughly
10
lakh
A heavier battery can reduce the range of the vehicle and make it slower to
The lower weight of the battery also
overall cost of the vehicle and makes it very
rupees. This gives a range of approximately
accelerate, while a lighter battery can improve the vehicle's performance and handling.
contributes to increase in range.
expensive and unaffordable to the general
350-400 kms.
The lower
weight
the battery
contributes
So,inbyrange.
using the range extender pack
public.
Now,
if theofbattery
size isalso
reduced
by half to increase
the OEMs can sell the cars at a much lesser
thus providing a range of 200kms, which
Solution
and
people
only pay
for price
what and
they use.
of extender
daily commute,
is can price
So, is
bygood
usingenough
the range
pack thethere
OEMs
sell the
cars
at a much
lesser
This
would
in
turn
make
electric
vehicles
almost
a
reduction
of
25%
of
the
cost
of
the
The solution to these two problems is what
people only pay for what they use. This would in turn make electric vehicles much more
much more affordable.
vehicle.
I call as the “Range Extender Pack”(REP).
Overall, the future of EVs looks bright,
As the name suggests, the pack increases affordable.
with increasing demand, technological
Lithium-ion batteries, which are the
the range of the vehicle by at least 50%.
advancements,
and government
support
mostthecommon
of battery
used increasing
in
REPs are nothing but batteries that can Overall,
future of type
EVs looks
bright, with
demand, technological
advancements,
expected to drive the market forward. As the
EVs, typically weigh between 200-500 kgs,
be attached to a vehicle to provide a higher
and government support expected to drive the market forward. As the cost and range of EVs
cost and range of EVs continue to improve,
depending on their size and capacity. For
range.
to improve,
andpack
charging
infrastructure
more widespread,
we can
expect more
to see
and charging
infrastructure
becomes
example,
the battery
in a Tesla
Model S becomes
The vehicles will have to be modified in continue
widespread,
we
can
expect
to
see
electric
weighs
around
500
kgs
and
has
a
capacity
of
such a way to have two or more slots under electric
vehicles become a more mainstream choice for consumers. The shift towards electric
vehicles become a more mainstream choice
100 kWh, while the battery in a Nissan Leaf
the door of the vehicle where these batteries
mobility is an important step towards a more sustainable future, with the potential to
for consumers. The shift towards electric
weighs around 150 kgs and has a capacity of
can be attached.
air isquality
in cities around
the world.
mobility
an important
step towards
a
40 kWh.reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve
Just the way ICE powered vehicles have significantly
more sustainable future, with the potential
The weight of the battery pack can have
gas stations, the EVs will have REP stations
to significantly reduce greenhouse gas
a significant impact on the performance and
that consumers can reach to attach the
emissions and improve air quality in cities
handling of the vehicle. A heavier battery
battery packs when headed for a long drive.
around the world.
can reduce the range of the vehicle and make
These REP stations will be installed
across the country to ensure ease of access
AUTHOR
and flexibility.
Once the trip is done, the consumer can
BHARATH RAJAN
TEAM LEAD
go back to the REP station to deposit the
TESSOLVE SEMICONDUCTORS PVT LTD.
battery packs.
Bharath Rajan has close to 7 years of experience in the automotive
The consumer is charged based on the
domain. He is from an engineering background majoring in
time of usage of the pack and the kilometers About
the Author
Electronics
and Communication. Although he started out
run on the pack.
his
career
theclose
embedded
domain,ofhis
passion forinvehicles
Bharath Rajaninhas
to 7 years
experience
This kind of arrangement also ensures the automotive
gravitated himdomain.
towards the
core
of
the
automotive
sector. He has
He is from an engineering
worked on many core modules in passenger cars across multiple
the EVs have a short recharge time on a day background
Electronics
OEMs andmajoring
is currently in
handling
the role ofand
a Team lead in Tessolve
to day basis.
Communication.
he started out his career
SemiConductorsAlthough
Pvt Ltd.
in the embedded domain, his passion for vehicles
gravitated him towards the core of the automotive
sector. He has worked on many core modules
passenger
cars acrossWire
multiple
April - in
June
2023 | Telematics
| 45
OEMs and is currently handling the role of a Team lead in Tessolve
SemiConductors Pvt Ltd.
Perspective
BETTER EV ADOPTION IS NOT JUST AN
INFRASTRUCTURE PROBLEM
AKSHAY SHARMA
Intents Mobi
W
hy would they put such
ugly wheel covers on these
beautiful wheels” was the
first thing I said when I
got the chance to drive one of the premium
electric cars available in India. Of course it
isn’t the only car with such wheel covers,
nor is this the only design element on
electric cars that favours aerodynamics over
aesthetics. And that made me wonder why!
Not why it was being done on electric cars,
but rather why it wasn’t being done to this
extent on all the cars. Better aerodynamics
should make all the cars more efficient, no?
Well, some quick reading revealed the
simple answer was indeed yes, and while I
am starting with a seemingly disconnected
topic of car designs instead of what the title
promises, it turns out, it has more role to
play than we thought.
The common misconception is that EVs
are less efficient at higher speeds, however,
the reality is that the motors have the same
efficiency throughout their operating speed
range. The IC engine on the other hand, has
a significantly lower efficiency throughout
except for a small window of engine speed.
Which is why they need gearboxes and at
highway speeds, it simply is easier to stay in
the efficient range of the engine with more
consistent cruising speeds.
According to Thomas Wiegand, manager
of aerodynamics R&D at Porsche, drag
accounts for 30% to 40% of losses in electric
cars on the WLTP drive cycle, possibly rising
to 50% in the real world. In comparison,
losses due to drag account for just 10% of
the overall losses in combustion-engine
cars. (source: https://www.autocarpro.
in/feature/tech-talk-why-electric-car-
Image source: Pexels
46 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
aerodynamics-are-so-important-113408 )
Because aerodynamic drag is a function
of the square of vehicle speed, and because
EVs are many times more efficient than ICE
vehicles, the fuss over vehicle design and
the heavy emphasis on aerodynamics in
EVs makes a lot of sense. Taking the same
approach on ICE vehicles, while potentially
beneficial, isn’t as important because there
are many other sources of inefficiency
and there is more airflow needed through
certain parts like radiators and brakes.
Apart from that, weather, temperature,
average speeds, terrain and altitude all have
a magnified role to play in the efficiency of
electric vehicles, and thus in EV routing.
This however means that these external
factors play a very crucial role in how the
ecosystem for EVs has to be built and can’t
be dismissed.
But let’s start with the broader EV
landscape. Most people would agree that
the biggest challenges in widespread EV
adoption are range anxiety and minimal
public charging infrastructure. Both true,
but there are layers that hide beneath these
two headlines.
Manufacturers are currently putting major
focus on battery capacities and maximum
range whenever they advertise their electric
vehicles, particularly cars. Offering battery
capacities as high as reasonably possible at
a certain price point is a low hanging fruit,
more so for premium vehicles where costs
are less of a consideration. This reduces
some of the worries of potential buyers,
particularly in the early days of adoption
when they are making a bet with their hard
earned money on something out of the
norm, likely covering a higher percentage
of usage scenarios without having to rely on
public chargers. But it still can’t get rid of it
altogether.
Moreover, the approach to have large
capacity batteries is only transitional and
can’t be the long term strategy for mass
adoption of EVs. It not only has restrictions,
like increased cost and higher weight, but
also has a higher environmental impact and
added road safety concerns, not exactly the
best outcome. Due to increased weight, the
safety concern and increased particulate
emission, from brakes and tyres, has been
highlighted widely by different bodies,
including IIHS in US (source https://
theevreport.com/ev-weight-poses-safetychallenges-says-iihs-chief) . Even the auto
companies know and acknowledge this but
it is needed to drive the initial adoption with
limited infrastructure.
So clearly a better answer lies with
the EV charging infrastructure and that’s
where it gets interesting. The EV charging
market has caught the interest of not just
automakers and oil companies but also
a lot of new entrants who are looking to
grow with the market. The initial charging
infrastructure has evolved based on available
locations and density of vehicles. Malls,
office buildings, public parkings, highway
hotspots, commercial hubs - the choices so
far have been the usual suspects based on
the target users and these all make a lot of
sense. However, as they continue to expand
their footprint to cater to the growing EV
market, the location choices would be less
obvious than they seem right now.
For EVs to enter the mainstream and to
remove the concerns associated with EV
adoption, we need multiple layers of data to
have robust EV routing systems. Setting up
an EV charging network, or even using the
existing network to its full potential, isn’t
as simple as it was with fuel stations. There
are only two to three primary products sold
by a fuel station so the only challenge to
address is to have enough of them to serve
the vehicles with minimum range. There
are multiple standards for EV charging that
already exist and as companies continue to
innovate to get faster charging, we are still
some way from having a common standard.
This means that routing solutions not
only have to accommodate for presence
of a charger but also for charger type and
whether it is supported by the vehicle.
Another major factor in EV routing
is the nature of terrain. Inclines, as is the
case with ICEs too, drive up the energy
Image source: Pexels
consumption, however, unlike ICEs, EVs
also have the advantage of regenerative
braking which helps in recovering some
of the energy on downhill stretches. This
means that the variation in range between
plains and hills might not be as obvious as it
may seem. Road conditions and traffic flow
also have to be accounted for along with the
terrain and altitude to get better estimates
on vehicle range.
Weather, on both extremes, doesn’t play
well with EV range. Extreme cold weather
reduces the battery range significantly.
We have already seen countless instances
of issues like range dropping suddenly or
restricted performance in parts of the world
where weathers reach the lower extremes.
Hot weather also affects the range in a
similar way, while also reducing vehicle
performance and the charging speeds.
So while at the first glance, the answer
to the EV routing problem seems to have
fairly straightforward answer just like fuel
stations, it has a lot more nuances to it.
The added variables make it vastly more
complicated and what this small piece talks
about is just the tip of it.
However, we are undergoing this
transition towards EVs in an ever connected,
data driven world. We are in a time when
we are equipped with data to be able to
create efficient, sustainable solutions. We,
at Intents Mobi, are generating or using this
data to aid this process. Data that is not only
crucial for routing of electric vehicles but
even long before that, to plan out the EV
charging ecosystem itself. Planning not only
for where to optimally install EV chargers
but also to account for the power loads and
the fluctuations as the variables change.
Data that can help us make informed
decisions on how to maximise the impact
of any infrastructure investments made for
EV charging and catalyse the adoption of
EVs by the masses. So while the automakers
focus on making batteries cleaner and
smaller, we have to look at the right data to
move towards an electric future.
AUTHOR
AKSHAY SHARMA
FOUNDING MEMBER
INTENTS MOBI
Akshay is a Founding Member / Product Manager at the mobility
and location intelligence startup Intents Mobi. An active voice of road
safety, he has a deep passion for automobiles and motorsports. At
Intents Mobi, his prime focus is towards technology solutions that
have the potential to create a safer, more efficient and sustainable
future for transportation
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 47
Perspective
10 BEST ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED
ANDROID APPS IN 2023
HARIKRISHNA KUNDARIYA
eSparkBiz Technologies
H
ave you had enough of
Android’s
seemingly
unending lists of subpar
app options? AI has
completely transformed how we use our
cell phones in the modern day. Applications
driven by artificial intelligence (AI) are
increasingly embedded in our daily lives,
from simple tasks like speech recognition
to more complex ones like making
personalized suggestions.
Telematicswire, an industry leader in
telematics and automotive technology,
has compiled a list of the top AI-based
Android apps you must have on your phone
in 2023. So kick back, relax, and prepare
to dive headfirst into the cutting edge of
mobile technology with Telematicswire’s
recommended artificial intelligence (AI)based Android apps.
Google Assistant
Google Assistant is a prime example of
an Android smartphone more intuitive
and simple. Google Assistant is getting
more personalized with the help of AI,
giving users ideas and recommendations
according to their tastes and interests.
One of the distinguished features is
its ability to interact with other Google
products such as Maps, Calendar, and
Translate. Thanks to its powerful AI
algorithms, Google Assistant is growing
more proactive in anticipating user needs
and delivering relevant ideas.
Netflix
Netflix is one of the world’s most prominent
streaming services, and its usage of artificial
intelligence has played an important role in
its success. Netflix’s robust recommendation
algorithm allows it to recommend series and
movies to customers based on their viewing
history, ratings, and other preferences,
making it easier for viewers to discover stuff
they might have missed otherwise.
Netflix can uncover trends and patterns
in user data that assist in driving its content
creation decisions, resulting in the creation
of content that is both high-quality and
appealing to its audience.
YouTube
YouTube is a video-sharing app that has
revolutionized how people find and watch
video content online. One of YouTube’s
most significant features is its ability to
personalize recommendations for each
user by utilizing artificial intelligence to
assess their watching behaviour and deliver
tailored recommendations for new videos.
YouTube’s usage of AI has been
crucial to its success, with the platform’s
recommendation system growing more
exact over time. YouTube can offer content
likely to interest each user by analyzing
massive amounts of data, keeping them
engaged and returning for more.
Instagram
Instagram is a popular social media
platform offering various capabilities to its
users in the realm of artificial intelligencebased Android apps. The capacity of the
app to leverage AI in its algorithmic feed is
very useful, ensuring that users are shown
material that is personalized to their likes
and interests.
Instagram has become a popular
medium for businesses and influencers to
sell their products and services and build
their brand’s thanks to the application of AI.
artificial
intelligence has
improved the
10how
Best
Artificial
Intelligence-Based
Android Apps in 2023
entire user experience of Android apps. Its
ability to interpret natural language and
speech has made numerous operations on
Prisma
With the help of AI and neural networks,
the photo-editing tool Prisma can turn your
photos into breathtaking art pieces. With
the help of this app’s remarkable selection of
filters, you can transform your photos into
works of art by world-famous artists like
Van Gogh and Picasso.
Prisma’s AI-based capabilities make
it simple for users to transform their
48 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
Have you had enough of Android's seemingly unending lists of subpar app options? AI has
completely transformed how we use our cell phones in the modern day. Applications driven by
straightforward photos into breathtaking
works of art with just a few touches..
Facebook
Facebook is a social networking application
that enables people to connect with
acquaintances, share experiences, and
keep up with current events. The software
includes several functions, including texting,
live broadcasting, and a marketplace where
users may buy and sell items.
Users can create and attend social
gatherings using Facebook events. The app
uses artificial intelligence to tailor users’
experiences, delivering relevant content and
increasing overall engagement. Facebook is
a prominent social network with over two
billion active users from all walks of life and
ages.
MyFitnessPal
My FitnessPal is a well-liked fitness app that
uses artificial intelligence to monitor dietary
consumption and physical activity levels.
The app’s food database is extensive, and it
can scan barcodes so you can keep track of
what you eat in a flash.
Meal plans can be tailored to your
tastes and constraints in MyFitnessPal. The
software is compatible with fitness trackers
like Apple Health and Fitbit, so you can
monitor your development.
WhatsApp
Using end-to-end encryption, WhatsApp
is a messaging app that provides safe userto-user communication. The software
is now more capable of identifying and
blocking spam communications thanks to
AI. WhatsApp’s group chats, status updates,
and voice calls allow users to stay in touch
with their loved ones.
Due to the app’s audio and video calling
features, which enable users to make free
international calls, it is a well-liked method
of communication. With more than two
billion active users worldwide, WhatsApp
is a dependable and practical platform for
keeping in touch with friends and family.
Hound
Hound is a voice assistant application powered
by AI that uses natural language processing to
understand and answer complicated questions.
It can provide flight information, rates, and
directions and clarify its understanding through
follow-up inquiries. Users may use voice
commands to access functions such as music
playback and weather forecasts, making the app
useful for hands-free engagement.
TikTok
TikTok is a popular AI-based social
networking application, especially with
younger users. The app is very interesting
because of its algorithmic feed, which offers
tailored recommendations based on the
user’s behaviour. Users may demonstrate
their creativity and technical prowess by
sharing short musical films with their
followers utilizing TikTok’s editing features
and tools.
With more sophisticated AI technology,
the app can provide users with more tailored
material to their interests. With millions
of users worldwide, TikTok’s aesthetically
stunning and captivating material can be
shared.
Conclusion
As a result of the use of artificial intelligence,
the future of Android apps appears to
be more promising than ever. These ten
Android apps with AI-based functionality
are merely the tip of the iceberg and give
an idea of the fascinating possibilities.
These apps will simplify and improve the
efficiency of your life, from personalized
fitness tracking to voice assistants that can
understand difficult questions.
Then Why wait? Get these apps a
chance to discover the potential of AI
for yourself right away. Stay tuned to
Telematics Wire for more updates on the
latest artificial intelligence and technology
developments.
AUTHOR
HARIKRISHNA KUNDARIYA
Founder and CEO
eSparkBiz Technologies
He is leading eSparkBiz, which is a a mobile app development
& chatbot development company. Harikrishna is computer
science post-graduate from Nirma University and has in-depth
knowledge about app development & promotion. He also has good
understanding of Enterprise Mobility. He has mentored many young
developers.
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 49
Technical Insight
VEHICLE TELEMATICS: REDEFINING THE
TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY
CHIRAG SETHI
Delta Electronics India
I
n simplest terms, telematics is a merger
of two sciences: telecommunications
and informatics. The term is now
frequently used to describe the
telematics systems used in fleet vehicles for
businesses. A vehicle tracking device that
can send, receive, and store telemetry data is
the fundamental component of a telematics
system. Through a SIM card connection and
an onboard modem, it can communicate
over a wireless network.
A centralised server receives the GPS
data as well as a variety of other vehiclespecific data from the device. It transmits
it using GPRS (General Packet Radio
Service), 4G mobile data, cellular networks,
50 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
or a satellite connection. The server analyses
the data and makes it possible for end
users to view it via safe websites and apps
designed for smartphones and tablets.
Location, speed, idling time, abrupt
acceleration or braking, fuel consumption,
vehicle issues, and other information
are part of telematics data. This data can
be further utilised for deeper insights
to locate all kinds of specific patterns in
transportation.
Though the overlap of GPS and
telematics might sound confusing at times,
To be clear, telematics picks up where GPS
left off. Telematics uses the data collected
via GPS technology to provide various
services. Telematics analyses data, uses it,
and communicates with parties outside
your car, whereas GPS only offers data
about your location.
Telematics Data
Collection and Technical
Challenges
Vehicle telematics is a technique for
tracking and gathering information from
any moving asset, such as a car, truck,
piece of machinery, or ship, by employing
GPS and onboard diagnostics to record
movements and vehicle status over time.
The collected data is subsequently sent to a
central location for examination, usually on
a digital map. Today, we are dealing with a
large amount of data that never even existed
a few years ago. When it comes to querying
and visualising telematics data within the
context of location and time data, also
known as spatiotemporal data, traditional
analytics solutions are unable to handle its
extremely high volume and velocity.
There are a lot of data difficulties.
And only a small percentage of popular
platforms can handle spatiotemporal
data. Those who do generate only a small
number of records—a negligible amount in
comparison to what connected automobiles
presently produce. Another difficulty is
dealing with the data. Automakers have
already constructed specialised pipelines
for recognised data streams, primarily from
the creation of in-car data. However, this
necessitates massive hardware footprints,
and when new data sources emerge, they
become increasingly challenging to ingest
and combine with existing data sources.
Telematics to enable
Urban Mobility
Nowadays, using car-sharing/carpooling
services in many cities only requires
downloading an application, registering,
and then using it. The urban environment
and our daily lives are being changed by
mobility. Future mobility will significantly
differ from today’s. The automotive
business is characterized by four key trends:
connectivity (C), autonomous driving (A),
shared services (S), and electric mobility
(E). In recent years, traffic has grown
exponentially, forcing governments and
communities to constantly search for safer,
more intelligent, and environmentally
friendly solutions. Mobility intelligence
approaches based on telematics data are
the most effective at achieving long-term
smart transportation because they have the
most tools and insights to address flaws in
conventional transportation systems and
can comprehend mobility patterns at a
detailed level.
Railway Telematics
for Transport Security,
Efficiency & Passenger
Satisfaction
In 2022, the market for railway telematics
was valued at USD 11.26 billion. From
2023 to 2033, it is anticipated to increase
at a compound annual growth rate
(CAGR) of 7.1%, with India projected
to witness enormous growth. Market
expansion is predicted to be aided by the
spike in demand for a reliable, secure, and
efficient transportation system. Because
of improved telematics technology,
advanced transport systems are less likely
to experience accidents, which supports
the growth. Significant factors expected
to fuel demand for the railway telematics
market include the rising need for the
digitisation of railcar tracking and rising
rail freight transportation. In order to track
the whereabouts and actions of railcars,
rail corporations, rail management firms,
insurance companies, and others largely use
railway telematics systems. For example, the
Centre for Development of Telematics and
the Indian Ministry of Railways committed
to update communications infrastructure
connected to operations and safety in April
2022. (C-DOT). Through resource pooling
and coordination, the agreement intends
to establish a positive working relationship
between the ministry and C-DOT. To
upgrade telecommunication in the national
transporter for safety and security services,
C-DOT and the ministry worked together
to implement LTE-R, a next-generation
communications network especially made
for railway services.
Benefits of Telematics
There are several benefits of implementing
Telematics on a full scale. Though this
concept might be considered new by
many, surprisingly, it isn’t! Despite being
widespread since 1996, it was still an
underutilised technology at that time
because of the high setup costs for the
infrastructure and a lack of user demand.
The popularity of automobile connectivity
and the overall need for urban mobility has,
however, has given telematics a fresh lease
on life. Lets understand the many such
advantages of telematics:
● Telematics
offers
turn-by-turn
navigation support to help drivers get
to their destinations quickly. Drivers
can save money on fuel when they have
access to the shortest routes to their
destinations.
● To give the passengers of the car prompt
assistance, telematics devices gather
safety-related data such as calls for
service during an emergency, emergency
requests, stolen vehicle tracking, etc.
Additionally, data on driving habits
such abrupt braking, acceleration, etc.
is gathered through telematics. This data
can further utilised to enhance the safety
of drivers.
● Organisations are empowered by
telematics to track the whereabouts of
their fleets. Fleet managers can use the
vehicle position data to change routes as
needed in response to traffic jams, bad
weather, etc. By doing this, businesses
can reallocate resources and guarantee
that delivery won’t be delayed.
● Telematics devices can be coupled with
third-party apps that provide several
types of information, which simplifies
administration and compliance.
● Through the telematics system,
users obtain crucial vehicle health
reports. Fleet managers can schedule
vehicle repair in accordance with
this information, which can be very
helpful.
The
future
is
undoubtedly
interconnected, but how exactly does
telematics fit into the transportation sector’s
advances both now and in the future? On
the back of telematics, the future of mobility
will be defined whether it’s the adoption
of EV, autonomous vehicles or even fleet
management. Telematics will undoubtedly
increase the accessibility, adaptability, and
dependability of urban transportation if the
technology lives up to its promises.
AUTHOR
CHIRAG SETHI
BUSINESS HEAD- RAIL TRACTION POWER
SOLUTIONS, DELTA ELECTRONICS INDIA
He has over twenty years of industry experience. Prior to
joining Delta Electronics, he was with Siemens Ltd for over
16 years. His strengths are in the field of sales, marketing
and business development.
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 51
Technical Insight
THE 5G REVOLUTION: WHERE WILL IT HAVE THE
BIGGEST IMPACT?
KEN BERKLEY
Distrelec
W
hen we think of 5G, we
often think about the
benefits for the consumer
ie. faster download and
upload speed, and higher video streaming
quality. However, 5G has a major role in
bolstering existing industries that rely on
connection. These wireless networks have
the potential to transform industries; from
automotive to healthcare, or even finance,
5G will have the capability to improve and
strengthen existing services, whilst also
creating new ones.
As such, Distrelec has analysed the
industries where 5G will have the greatest
impact, by assessing the wider landscape
52 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
for ‘enabler’ companies, as well as
industry-specific ones. This aims to give a
comprehensive overview of the companies
that are currently utilising 5G connectivity,
as well as the ones that may rely more
heavily on the network in the near future.
The industry with the highest amount
of companies currently relying on
5G technologies is the finance sector.
With 10,804 companies ranging from
consumer-focused services such as online
banking to more business-related ones like
capital investment, there’s undoubtedly a
reliance on current wireless networks, as
well as potential growth with the wider
5G rollout. The vast majority of these
companies fell under the cryptocurrency
use case (9,223), with 5G technology
allowing users to purchase the token 100
times faster and with greater clarity.
Placing second in our study was the
automotive industry, with 8251 companies.
The vast majority of these (5,324) fell
within the manufacturing sector, with
5G-enabled technologies better allowing
brands to make use of automation, and
push out servicing software via over-theair (OTR) updates. However, the future
of 5G within the automotive sphere also
stretches to autonomous vehicles, which
occupies another sizeable chunk (2,923)
of the 8,251 companies employing 5G.
Ultimately,
without
the speed at which data
can be collected and
transmitted via 5G, selfdriving vehicles could
not come to fruition,
showing that the sector
may increasingly rely
upon this technology
in the coming years.
The retail industry
came in third position,
with 6,555 companies
relying
on
5G
development according
to our study. The vast
majority of these were
in the digital signage sphere (6,489),
with 65 being related to interactive
kiosks. Digital signage essentially allows
businesses to better connect with
consumers in-store to display ads, videos,
and other messaging that can be targeted
toward consumers. According to Shopify,
68% of customers say digital signage would
make them more likely to buy advertised
products, and as we move ever closer to
customers doing the bulk of their shopping
online, digital signage could be an essential
means of blending the two experiences
and encouraging customers to shop
more in-store, potentially highlighting an
opportunity for growth.
Aside from the aforementioned use
cases falling within the finance, retail, and
automotive spheres respectively, there are
several other usages that have the potential
to grow. Some of these are video streaming,
data storage, data security, and telehealth.
Our study found that the video
streaming sector also depends on
improving technology offerings to
provide a better experience to customers.
Crunchbase highlighted 3,982 companies,
and with the growing consumer demand
for streaming without buffering, ‘media
and entertainment’ could be an industry
to watch. Netflix has roughly 220 million
subscribers, while YouTube has 2 billion
monthly active users, and according to a
2020 Nielson report, 77% of users said that
streaming and playback quality was one
of the most important streaming service
attributes, emphasising the importance of
this in the ongoing ‘streaming wars’.
Data storage (3,041 companies) and
data security (1,997 companies) also
ranked highly when it comes to the most
popular use cases. These sectors interrelate,
with 5G enabling higher volumes of data
storage with more accessible consumption
of high-resolution content, in turn, these
higher volumes of data also need to be met
with advanced security.
Another use case that is projected to
see substantial growth, is telehealth. At
present, there are 1,428 companies within
this sphere relying on 5G technology, with
this set to grow as the industry advances.
5G is instrumental in delivering telehealth
proficiently, as it closes the data reliability
gap by improving speed, latency, and
connectivity. It also provides a better
experience for users due to the reduction
in buffering during video conferencing.
This connected care model will foster more
of a predictive healthcare model, working
in collaboration with wearable technology,
rather than one that focuses on solving
concerns once they’re already underway.
We then wanted to analyse more
generic companies, without specifying
the industry, taking note of the top 100 to
discover their location and how they will
impact industries relying on 5G as a whole.
We found that the vast majority of these
companies were based in North America
(60%), and Asia (21%).
According to GSMA Intelligence,
adoption of 5G is booming in North
America and will dominate the wireless
services sector by 2025, Telco wireless
network investments during the next five
years are also expected to almost exclusively
focus on 5G. This infrastructure allows for
the necessary connectivity to facilitate
5G-empowered businesses. By 2025, the
US is predicted to have the second-highest
5G adoption rate in the world, surpassed
only by South Korea, while Canada is
expected to rank in fourth position, behind
Japan in third.
When it comes to the nature of these
companies, they primarily fall within the
infrastructure (48%), and technology
(24%) spheres, which can also be seen as
‘enabling’ enterprises. These companies
operate across industries, focusing on
developing the groundwork upon which
the industry-specific 5G use cases are built.
Intel appeared as the first entry
within our search, with their expanded
product offerings that provide end-to-end
solutions, scaling from edge computing
to 5G network, and emerging fields of AI,
operating across industries to give rise to
new 5G-enabled companies within more
specific domains.
Cohere Technologies appeared second,
as the innovator of software that improves
user experience with channel detection,
estimation, prediction, and precoding
deployed within a standard-compliant 4G,
5G, or Open Cloud RAN.
Our study found that while industryspecific innovations are important
and definitely set to grow, we also
cannot overlook the infrastructure and
technology-based businesses that improve
the field in which industry-specific
companies operate, by investing in 5G
solutions to aid functionality.
The article was originally published in
Distrelec in March 2023
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 53
ADAS & Autonomous Vehicle
Ford establishes Latitude AI to develop automated driving tech
Ford Motor Company has established Latitude AI, a wholly owned subsidiary focused on developing a hands-free, eyes-off-the-road automated
driving system for millions of vehicles.
With the formation of Latitude, Ford adds a leading team of machine learning, robotics, software, sensors, systems engineering and
operations talent as the automaker grows and expands its development efforts in automated driving technology – including advancements in
Ford BlueCruise, which already has accumulated more than 50 million miles of hands-free driving.
Latitude is reimagining the customer experience by automating driving during times that can be tedious, stressful and unpleasant, such
as bumper-to-bumper traffic or on long stretches of highway. The average driver in the U.S. spends nearly 100 hours a year sitting in traffic
according to the transportation analytics firm INRIX.
Ottometric gets $4.9M seed funding for automated validation of ADAS
Ottometric, a startup in the validation of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), has secured a total of $4.9 million in its seed funding
round. The round was led by Rally Ventures, with participation from leading mobility funds including Goodyear Ventures, Proeza Ventures,
Automotive Ventures, Trucks VC, Reinforced Ventures and Investor Collaborative.
Ottometric was founded in 2019 by a team of automotive industry veterans from companies like General Motors, Autoliv, NVIDIA, and
Optimus Ride who have been instrumental in the evolution of ADAS over the past decade, and have a deep understanding of the artificial
intelligence (AI) training and validation processes. Their unique expertise in automotive electronics, AI, computer vision, and big data
analytics has enabled the company to develop a breakthrough cloud software platform that automates and streamlines the ADAS development
and validation process. Ottometric's initial customers are market leaders in the ADAS industry and include two of the top ten largest Tier-1
automotive suppliers in the world.
Low earth satellite based navigation assistance for autonomous vehicles
NOVELSAT and Guident are partnering together to develop an innovative,
always-on, ubiquitous remote monitor and control solution for autonomous
vehicles and devices.
The solution combines space communications and augmented intelligence
technologies to ensure optimal safety and security for autonomous vehicles
and devices, enabling remote monitoring and operation at any time and
place. This integration of NOVELSAT’s satellite-based space connectivity
technologies and Guident’s human-in-the-loop AI technologies will provide
reliable and high-speed bi-directional connectivity. This connectivity enables
continuous, high-quality video streaming to monitor autonomous vehicles
remotely and, when necessary, to allow remote control of the vehicles to
resolve various edge cases.
Additionally, the connectivity will provide real-time audio and video
communication with passengers, pedestrians, or first responders, ensuring the
highest level of safety for autonomous systems, which is a crucial factor in the
deployment and management of such systems.
The cooperation between the companies opens the door for new markets
and revenue opportunities by offering a new level of autonomous systems
safety for a wide range of applications: transportation, delivery, agriculture, hospitality, mining, logistics, and more.
Teledyne FLIR releases new Prism AI, to help integrate perception sensors
with ADAS
Teledyne FLIR, part of Teledyne Technologies Incorporated, today announced a new Prism AI release featuring a compact AI model for
simplified deployment on embedded systems. The new release further enables perception engineers to quickly integrate thermal cameras
for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous vehicle (AV) systems, improving object tracking performance by up to 24
percent compared to the previous Prism AI release.
Built for automotive perception system developers, Prism AI is a collaborative ecosystem providing seven object detection classes, visibleand-thermal image fusion, advanced thermal image processing capabilities, new shadow mode recording capabilities, batch data ingestion,
and more. Together these features simplify the integration of automotive thermal sensors that provide superior pedestrian, animal, and vehicle
detection, especially at night and in poor visibility.
54 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
Maps & Navigation
Mercedes-Benz to use
Google’s navigation and
location information in its
MB.OS
Mercedes-Benz and Google announced today a long-term
strategic partnership to further accelerate auto innovation
and create the industry’s next-generation digital luxury car
experience. With this partnership, Mercedes-Benz will be
the first automaker to build its own branded navigation
experience based on new in-car data and navigation
capabilities from Google Maps Platform.
This will give the luxury automaker access to Google’s leading geospatial offering, including detailed information about places, real-time
and predictive traffic information, automatic rerouting, and more. By embedding these features into the upcoming Mercedes-Benz Operating
System (MB.OS), customers will be able to enjoy a superior navigation experience, thanks to easy usability and outstanding graphics on the car’s
high-resolution screen. To help enrich the user experience, the companies will bring the YouTube app into the Mercedes-Benz infotainment
system. In addition, Mercedes-Benz will use Google Maps data to enable assisted driving features such as automatic speed adjustments before
intersections, roundabouts or curves.
As a first step, Mercedes-Benz will give customers access to Place Details provided by Google, helping them find detailed information about
more than 200 million businesses and places around the world, including business hours, photos, ratings, and reviews. Place Details will be
available starting today in all vehicles with the latest generation of MBUX in applicable markets*.
The companies agreed to explore further collaboration using Google Cloud’s leading artificial intelligence (AI), data and open infrastructure
solutions. For example:
● AI: Mercedes-Benz intends to use Google Cloud’s AI and Machine Learning capabilities to create, train, and deploy new models at speed and
enhance customer experiences.
● Data: Mercedes-Benz intends to use Google Cloud’s fast and efficient data processing platform to analyze fleet data.
● Open Infrastructure: Mercedes-Benz plans to use Google’s open infrastructure to securely innovate and scale from on-premises, to edge, to
cloud, across Mercedes-Benz’s current technology landscape.
“Our partnership with Mercedes-Benz brings advanced technologies from Google Maps Platform, Cloud, and
YouTube to help create new experiences for drivers. In addition to enabling Mercedes-Benz to design a customized
navigation interface, we’ll provide our AI and data capabilities to accelerate their sustainability efforts, advance
autonomous driving, and create an enhanced customer experience.”
Sundar Pichai,
Chief Executive Officer, Google and Alphabet
NavInfo to supply
BMW with navigation
maps for China
NavInfo will be supplying high-definition
maps and location-based services to BMW.
The size of the deal will depend on the
number of BMW vehicles in China which
will be using NavInfo maps for navigation.
The agreement will increase NavInfo’s
market share and improve its profitability
and other operational results, according to
the company.
Founded in 2002, NavInfo was the
first firm in China to receive a navigation
electronic map license and has focused
on developing its high-precision mapping
business since 2015.
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 55
Electric Vehicle, EV Battery & Charging
Renesas releases engineering designs and
protocols for electric vehicle segment
Renesas Electronics Corporation
(TSE: 6723) today announced that
it has introduced 10 new Winning
Combinations that combine a broad
range of products from Renesas entire
portfolio, including both automotive
and non-automotive parts. The new
solutions address multiple applications for electric vehicle (EV) charging, instrument cluster
control and low-voltage inverter functionality for traction motors.
Renesas’ Winning Combinations are engineering-vetted designs that allow customers to
take advantage of an elevated platform for their design ideas, accelerating product development
cycles and lowering overall risk in bringing designs to market. Renesas now offers more than
300 Winning Combinations for a wide range of customers and markets.
In November of 2022, Renesas announced a unified global sales and marketing
organization, combining teams from the Automotive Solution Business Unit (ABU) and the
IoT & Infrastructure Business Unit (IIBU) to accelerate cross-BU collaboration. The new
organization also allows Renesas to capitalize on scale advantages by fostering cross-selling
opportunities and broader customer coverage. The new Winning Combos are the first to
combine products designed for automotive applications with non-automotive offerings.
“These Winning Combos are an excellent example of the synergies we can leverage from
our new organization,” said Chris Allexandre, Senior Vice President, CSMO and Head of
the Global Sales and Marketing Unit at Renesas. “By combining our technical, market and
customer knowledge, we can serve large and rapidly growing opportunities in all geographies
with the right solutions at optimal value.”
The 10 new Winning Combinations include the following:
OCPP Interface Card (OIC) for Smart EV Chargers: Open Charge Point Protocol
(OCPP) is used to communicate between a networked charging station and a networked
charge management system. Today charging stations can connect to OCPP, but with this
new solution, standalone EV chargers can also connect to OCPP server to authorize EVs,
manage charger configurations remotely, get real time alerts, and more. This gives users and
manufacturers flexibility to use any charger with, any EV system with support for multiple
charging techniques. This Winning Combo includes Renesas low-power Bluetooth®, Wi-Fi
and MCUs.
3 Kilowatt Off-Board EV Charger: High power off-board chargers are the functional
blocks for supporting battery pack solutions. This charger combination works on a universal
input range and uses a high-end MCU to control power factor correction (PFC) and manage
the zero-voltage switching (ZVS). This Winning Combo includes Renesas MCU, analog,
power and PWM controller products.
Connected Android Cluster: This connected cockpit design provides developers with
all the necessary modules and peripherals for complete cockpit application development.
This custom board comes with multiple wireless connectivity options such as Wi-Fi, LTE,
GPS, etc. Information coming from outside the vehicle can be fed through a dual CAN/FD
communication channel. It supports three display connections and a variety of boot options.
It supports Android infotainment systems as well as cluster applications through FreeRTOS.
The Winning Combo includes Renesas R-Car Automotive System-on-chip (SoC), power
management devices, timing products, Wi-Fi, modules and Bluetooth products.
● Toll and Communication Unit for EV Charger Pile
● Vehicle Control Unit
● Low-cost TFT Instrument Cluster with Telematics
● Low Voltage Inverter for 2/3 Wheel Traction Motor
● Car Telematics Box Module
● High Performance EV Charger Wallbox Solution
● Portable EV Charger
56 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
iPhone maker Foxconn
to manufacture whitelabel electric vehicle
Foxconn is investing in manufacture of
electric vehicles (EVs) according to some of
the leading news agencies. It is exploring the
white-label manufacturing of electric vehicles
for automakers or delivery providers.
Foxconn is looking into the entire supply
chain of chips, batteries, assembly plant and
industry experts. For this, it has acquired an
earlier General Motor assembly plant in Ohio
from Lordstown Motors. This assembly plant
is one of the highest by volume assembly
plant in world, with capacity to assemble
320,000 units a year. Foxconn has also hired
a former Nissan Motors senior executive, Jun
Seki as its Chief Strategy Officer.
“The results of many of our collaborations
will be realised one after the other in 2023.
The demand for EVs is driving industry
disruption where prominent traditional
automakers have and are pivoting to finding
solutions for mobility that are cleaner and
smarter.”
Foxconn representative mentioned in a
statement to Reuters.
Foxconn does bring strength in contract
manufacturing. While many of the industry
experts are of the view that EV industry is
not a profit making industry largely, and with
competition building up and leading to price
cuts off-late, it may be a difficult space to
enter. But, Foxconn may be entering the EV
manufacturing with a disruptive white-label
manufacturing at right time.
Foxconn has been working on its EV whitelabel manufacturing strategy for quite some
time. It established Mobility in Harmony
Alliance in October 2020. This Alliance is
a global open platform for electric vehicles
that aims to accelerate the development of
EV technologies and promote innovation
in the automotive industry. The alliance is
open to companies in the automotive and
technology industries, including automakers,
parts suppliers, software developers, and
other stakeholders. The MIH Alliance aims
to create a standardized platform for EVs that
will enable faster development of new models
and reduce costs for automakers. Mobility in
Harmony EV platform, which Foxconn calls
“the Android system” for EVs may help it win
client.
Automotive OS
Elektrobit and Canonical announce EB corbos Linux – built on Ubuntu
Elektrobit and Canonical announced EB corbos Linux – built on Ubuntu. Available immediately from Elektrobit, the new solution provides OEMs and
Tier 1 suppliers with the benefits and flexibility of an open-source operating system for developing electronic control units (ECUs) in software-defined
vehicles. It integrates Ubuntu, provided by Canonical, in a solution that addresses the specific needs of the automotive sector.
EB corbos Linux – built on Ubuntu will enable the
application of open-source Linux to ECU application
development, while ensuring compliance to processes
needed for automotive mass production across
development and in-vehicle systems with embedded
devices.
EB corbos Linux – built on Ubuntu offers a rich
and flexible open-source development environment.
It enables carmakers to leverage advancements that
have already been made by the massive community of
world-class open-source developers while developing
innovations of their own. EB corbos Linux – built on
Ubuntu fills a major gap in the functional architectures
of software-defined vehicles, giving them more flexibility
as well as access to a large pool of experienced, motivated
application developers.
EB corbos Linux – built on Ubuntu is a completely customizable software package that comes with a software-development kit (SDK), tooling and
source code. Highly modular common binary packages are combined and configured in an application-specific solution.
Open-source development is a key asset in many industries as there is no vendor lock-in, which is a major advantage in reducing investment risk
when building new platform ecosystems. The open-source nature of EB corbos Linux – built-on Ubuntu makes it simple to study and inspect, speeding
up development. Elektrobit provides long-term security and hardware maintenance, giving customers an automotive ECU solution from a single source,
leveraging all the advantages of open-source software. Customers gain added value with security updates and issue resolution during the complete life
cycle of their automotive projects.
Automotive OS
Intel releases Quantum SDK 1.0
After launching its beta version in September 2022, Intel on 28Feb’2023 released version 1.0 of the Intel® Quantum Software Development
Kit (SDK). The SDK is a full quantum computer in simulation that can also interface with Intel’s quantum hardware, including Intel’s Horse
Ridge II control chip and Intel’s quantum spin qubit chip when it becomes available this year. The kit allows developers to program quantum
algorithms in simulation, and it features an intuitive programming interface written in C++ using an industry-standard low-level virtual
machine (LLVM) compiler toolchain. As a result,
Intel’s SDK offers seamless interfacing with C/C++
and Python applications, making it more versatile and
customizable.
The first backend is a high-performance open-source
generic qubit simulator, Intel® Quantum Simulator (IQS).
IQS has a backend capable of 32 qubits on a single node
and more than 40 qubits on multiple nodes. The second
is a target backend that simulates Intel quantum dot qubit
hardware and enables compact model simulation of Intel
silicon spin qubits. Intel’s qubits leverage the company’s
expertise in silicon transistor manufacturing to build a
large-scale quantum computer.
With the SDK, users can develop small workloads to
determine what functionalities are needed from the quantum computer’s system architecture to run algorithms efficiently and accurately on qubits. In
addition, Intel is using the SDK internally to co-design quantum hardware and software in tandem, accelerating system development.
The SDK is a customizable and expandable platform providing greater flexibility when developing quantum applications. It also provides for users to
compare compiler files, a standard feature in classical computing development, to discern how well an algorithm is optimized in the compiler. It allows
users to see the source code and obtain lower levels of abstraction, gaining insight into how a system stores data.
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 57
Cybersecurity
LG meets standard for automotive cybersecurity of UNECE
LG Electronics (LG) has announced that its vehicle components have been verified for complying with ISO/SAE 21434, fundamental for the United
Nations Economic Commission for Europe’s (UNECE) regulation No. 155 (UN R155). This standard automotive cybersecurity measure requires
vehicle and vehicle parts manufacturers to employ certified cybersecurity management systems for protection against hackers and other cybersecurity
threats. Meeting the highest standards for digital security, LG’s automotive cybersecurity management system has earned the ISO/SAE 21434
certification from global testing organization TÜV Rheinland.
UNECE vehicle cybersecurity regulations, including UN R155, were established to make current and future car models safer against the everincreasing risk of cyberattack. With vehicles now collecting, accessing
and storing a large volume of data, cybersecurity has become a major
focus for the automotive sector. In EU countries, auto manufacturers
must adopt Cybersecurity Management Systems (CSMS) and get
Vehicle Type Approval (VTA) in order to offer their products. In
regions outside of the EU, such as North America and Asia, similar
types of rules and regulations have come into force.
In this environment, CSMS system verification plays an instrumental
role in the competitiveness of automotive parts. LG’s key products,
including in-vehicle infotainment (IVI) systems and telematics, meet
the stringent cybersecurity requirements set out in ISO/SAE 21434
according to the UN R155. This means the company is able to supply its
auto industry partners with highly secure and reliable mobility solutions
Eun Seok-hyun, President LG Vehicle Component Solutions (left) and
that meet or exceed the latest standards. Based on its considerable
Frank Juettner, CEO and Director of TÜV Rheinland Korea (right)
experience in developing and operating cybersecurity processes, LG
can respond quickly to new standards, giving the company a distinct advantage over other industry players.
LG is utilizing its certified CSMS to develop confidence in vulnerable vehicle components and solutions for automakers. Moving forward, the
company will also be working closely with its customers to test the cybersecurity of vehicles employing LG solutions, helping to ensure they are
protected against cybersecurity threats throughout their operational life.
In September 2021, LG enhanced its capabilities in this highly important area of future mobility by acquiring Israeli cybersecurity company,
Cybellum. LG’s commitment to and investment in cybersecurity have seen the company achieve meaningful results, including the recent verification
from the UNECE.
Vehicle Telematics
Hapbee Technologies to develop driver safety application with LocoMobi
Hapbee Technologies Inc has signed an agreement
with LocoMobi World Inc, to develop driver safety and
performance app.
As stipulated in the MOU, part of Hapbee’s contribution
to developing the Application is enabling drivers to utilize
the Company’s bio-streams, such as Focus, Alert, and Boost,
to enhance awareness and safety without having to ingest
stimulants.
The Company believes some of its performance-related
Signals have safety benefits for drivers. For example, one
feature contemplated for development in the MOU is driverselected or automated Hapbee Signal delivery via in-vehicle
seats. Conceptually, the automatic Signal delivery would
be triggered by biometric data collected from sensors in the
steering wheel or driving patterns recognized by vehicle sensor data. If the Application is successfully developed, Hapbee and LocoMobi World aim to
provide the automotive industry with a safe and innovative platform that helps drivers maintain focus to make our roads and highways safer.
According to the U.S. Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, “Eight percent of fatal crashes, 14 percent of
injury crashes, and 13 percent of all police-reported motor vehicle traffic crashes in 2020 were reported as distraction-affected crashes.”
The Application is intended to be part of LocoMobi World’s AI-based mobility portal, which embeds directly into vehicles. Named one of the Top
30 Fastest Growing Tech Companies in 2021 by the Silicon Review, LocoMobi World enhances e-commerce by transforming a vehicle into a mobile
wallet.
58 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
Connected Vehicle
Expeto's connected vehicle network control
Expeto, Inc., announced the next level of visibility and control
for connected vehicles managed via enterprise mobile networks.
The Connected Vehicles solution, now available on the
Expeto NeXtworking Platform as a Service, provides granular
visibility and control essential for next-generation connected
car, autonomous vehicle and advanced logistics applications.
Automotive OEMs can manage software defined vehicle fleets
via public networks as a seamless extension of their own private
networks.
Automotive OEMs have historically procured managed IoT
SIM connectivity services on a regional basis to support firstgeneration connected vehicle services like infotainment and
maintenance communications. These services were dependent
on mobile operator services teams to deploy and troubleshoot
cellular networking layer application performance and cybersecurity issues. As connected vehicle use cases evolve to become mission critical, automotive
OEMs need full visibility and control as these vehicles traverse 4G, LTE and 5G public networks globally.
To deliver on improvements in safety, automation and efficiency, automotive OEMs require mobile operator-supplied connectivity with self-service
networking visibility and control to configure, troubleshoot and secure vehicular cellular connections. Expeto’s NeXtworking for Connected Vehicles
enables seamless enterprise control and visibility across all private and public networks globally, managed from a single pane of glass with a robust set
of APIs to enable complete integration into the enterprise IT/OT frameworks. Mobile operators integrate once with Expeto’s platform to deliver this
capability to any automotive or logistics OEM enterprise customer.
Volvo Trucks introduces Connected Vehicle Analytics tool
Volvo Trucks North America rolled out a new connected technology tool for its dealers to help fleet customers maximize both fuel efficiency
and vehicle productivity. The Connected Vehicle Analytics (CVA) tool collects real-world data from fleet operations — including current truck
configurations, daily routes, average speed, and fuel efficiency — to enable dealers to recommend the ideal configurations for a customer’s new
Class 8 truck purchase, tailored to their specific operations.
Using Volvo Trucks’ CVA tool, dealers can gain quantitative insights into how a customer’s fleet is operating and what updates and changes can be
made in the specifications when investing in their new trucks to improve both operations and the total cost of ownership. Data is provided on a wide
range of information that can affect the fuel efficiency and productivity of a vehicle, including:
• Specific route details (e.g., latitude and longitude for some stops and average speed)
• ehicle attributes (e.g., truck model, axle configuration)
• Fuel efficiency
Dealers can also access an anonymized pool of vehicles to benchmark how their customer’s fleet is performing compared to other similarly spec’d
vehicles. Fleet operators interested in utilizing the CVA tool to evaluate fleet performance, fuel efficiency and ideal vehicle configurations can work with
their local sales representatives at Volvo Trucks dealerships throughout North America.
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 59
Connected Vehicle
Snapdragon® Auto 5G Modem-RF Gen 2
Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. on 27th Feb’2023, announced its new Snapdragon® Auto 5G Modem-RF Gen 2. As Qualcomm Technologies’
most advanced automotive modem-RF system available, it features high performance processing power and up to 200 MHz of network capacity
to support reliable, low-latency connectivity for safe, intelligent and immersive riding experiences. Equipped with the latest advancements in
5G, car owners will now have the broadband to enjoy the comfort and convenient experiences of a vehicle, home and office in one space. The
Snapdragon Auto 5G Modem-RF Gen 2 also introduces a new form of communication to the automotive industry with support for satellite
communications, helping to ensure connectivity is ubiquitously available for applications that utilize two-way messaging.
Automakers will be empowered to deliver premium digital experiences with:
● Higher processing power, coverage and throughput with an integrated quad core CPU and up to 200 MHz of aggregated network bandwidth to
provide new opportunities for services and support for the most advanced connectivity technologies and speeds needed for faster content streaming,
online gaming, autonomous driving and more.
● Increased support for vehicle safety for mission critical and emergency services that require connectivity to the network such as next generation eCall
and support for satellite communications to ensure ubiquitous connectivity and communications in remote and rural areas.
● Reduced cost with fewer components needed as this latest version of the Snapdragon Auto 5G Modem-RF features a multi-core CPU to allow for
apps to run directly on the modem and features hypervisor support to isolate workloads resulting in seamless connectivity and power efficiency.
● Next generation advanced location engine that improves location accuracy and robustness in all environments to support emergency services,
navigation, safety alerts and autonomous driving features; accurate positioning in the most challenging environments to enable use cases such as HD
maps, automated valet parking and more.
● ntegrated C-V2X technology to support direct communications to enhance short range safety and mobility service.
● Data routing within the vehicle at up to 1GB per second, giving automakers the flexibility to move traffic from the telematics control unit (TCU)
to the infotainment system, a Wi-Fi hotspot or other connected device; ensures seamless communication for passengers to enjoy their connected
services without any interruptions.
● Automakers and the broad transportation ecosystem can also leverage the Snapdragon Auto 5G Modem-RF Gen 2’s advanced capabilities to develop
and deliver new, advanced connected services by utilizing:
● Snapdragon Telematics Application Framework (TelAF), a unified development and deployment framework for the Snapdragon Auto 5G ModemRF system that brings all necessary components to reduce complexity when developing connected services with 5G, location & security, and
enhanced safety.
● Snapdragon Car-to-Cloud services providing comprehensive cloud and device components that helps the automotive ecosystem enable, manage
and deploy new connected services developed on TelAF. Car-to-Cloud also provides secure data connection between cloud and device with cloudbased APIs to develop consumer and fleet solutions on the system.
Ford files patent for vehicle repossession
On 23rd February’2023 Ford applied for a patent which would use the
connected car technology to initiate vehicle repossession.
The vehicle repossession would be initiated post default on payment of
vehicle’s loan or monthly instalment. The process as mentioned in the patent
application includes sending messages to the owner, on his phone/electronic
communication device or the vehicle itself. Post exhausting the option, it will
initiate locking drivers out entirely, disabling functions like air conditioning,
geofencing drivers to only operate within a certain time or set area.
In an extreme case it can enable the autonomous car to drive itself to the
impound lot — or junkyard if the car’s market value is determined to be below
a certain threshold.
Renesas launches four news SoCs for in-vehicle communication
Renesas Electronics Corporation (TSE: 6723), announced recently that it has developed four technologies for system-on-chip (SoC) devices
for in-vehicle communication gateways. These SoCs are expected to play a crucial role in defining the next-generation electrical/electronic
(E/E) architecture in automotive systems.
Renesas has developed (1) an architecture that dynamically changes the circuit operation timing to match the vehicle conditions with optimized
performance and power consumption, (2) fast start-up technology by partitioning and powering essential programs only, (3) a network accelerator
that achieves a power efficiency of 10 gigabits per second/watt (Gbps/W), and (4) security technology that prevents communication interference by
recognizing and protecting vital in-vehicle communication related to vehicle control.
60 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
India
Tamil Nadu releases new
e-vehicles policy
Odisha Govt extends date for fitment
of location tracking and alert button
in public transport vehicles
Odisha Government recently announced extension of date for the
fitment of Vehicle Location Tracking Device (VLTD) and panic
buttons in public transport vehicles complying with IS16833 / AIS
140 .
Commerce and Transport Department of Odisha Government,
mentioned it in a notification in this regard. According to the
notification, the specified vehicles registered on or after 01.04.2023
shall have to comply with the requirement of the fitment of VLTD
and panic buttons at the time of registration. The specified vehicles
registered on or before 31.03.2023 shall have to comply with the
requirement by 30.06.2023.
Earlier, the fitment of VLTD and panic buttons in public transport
vehicles registered on or after 1.01.2023 and for other vehicles it was
notified as 31.03.2023.
Ola to set up plant for electric car
and EV batteries
The Tamil Nadu Electric Vehicles Policy 2023, released by Chief
Minister MK Stalin on 14th Feb’2023, will provide capital subsidy
for charging stations and battery swapping stations. It also mentions
incentives for retrofitting and re-manufacture of EVs.
According to the policy, the TN government shall develop a road
map to have TVs in public and institutional fleets operating in the
State in phases. “The State shall endeavour to increase the share
of electric buses to 30% of the fleet [operated by State Transport
Undertakings] by 2030.”
The Government of Tamil Nadu has a vision of attracting Rs.
50,000 crore worth of investments in EV manufacturing, creation of
150,000 new jobs during the Policy period, and development of a
robust EV ecosystem in the State.
The policy objectives are as follows:
a) Transform Tamil Nadu into the preferred destination for EV
manufacturing in South-East Asia
(i) Develop robust infrastructure & industrial ecosystem to
attract manufacturing units.
(ii) Create indigenous EV manufacturing value chains by
attracting EV OEM & Component
manufacturers to establish units in the State.
b) Accelerate adoption of EVs in Tamil Nadu
(i) Provide initial impetus for early adopters of Electric
Vehicles through special demand incentives. (ii) Develop charging
infrastructure with favourable power tariffs through public/ private
measures.
c) Enhance the development of the EV ecosystem in Tamil Nadu
(i) Develop industry-academia linkages to create a skilled
workforce pool for EVs. (ii) Promote R&D and innovations in
automotive and shared mobility. (iii)Promote the recycling industry
to develop a circular economy in the State.
d) Develop EV Cities in Tamil Nadu
(i) Promote Chennai, Coimbatore, Tiruchirappalli, Madurai,
Salem, and Tirunelveli as pilot cities for implementing e-mobility
solutions.
(ii) Promote electrification of commercial and public transport
fleets.
On 18 Feb’2023 Ola signed a Memorandum of Understanding
(MoU) with the Government of Tamil Nadu. According to MoU,
Ola Electric will be investing US $920 million (INR 7614 crores) to
setup manufacturing for electric cars and electric vehicle batteries.
The manufacturing plant would be setup in an area spread over
2000acres. Ola would be hiring over 3000 workers in Tamil Nadu
for this.
These investments would be made through its subsidiaries Ola
Electric Technologies and Ola Cell Technologies.
Ola plans to manufacture 140,000 electric cars annually. EV
Batteries production may commence by end of this year. It had
unveiled its EV battery, developed at its innovation centre at
Bengaluru last year. Ola is one of the three companies selected by
government of India, to receive incentives under US $2.3 Billion
programme to support advanced battery cell development.
April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 61
India
Minda buys 15.7% shares in Pricol
Auto component maker Minda Corporation’s last week purchased 19million shares of Pricol, from open market for about Rs 400 crores (INR
4 billion). Although according to Minda, as stated in some of the business news daily, its first focus remains on organic growth. Minda’s strategy
head Anshul Saxena had said purchase of Pricol shares is just a financial investment right now.
But, the purchase of shares from open market is ‘considered hostile’, as Vikram Mohan, Managing Director or Pricol had declined offers of
buyout from Minda earlier. Vikram along with promoters hold 36.53% shares of Pricol.
Pricol and Minda are rivals in two-wheeler’s instrument cluster business, where Pricol has over 40% market share and Minda has about 15%.
CJ Darcl to use in-cab coaching
system from Netradyne
Netradyne recently announced that CJ Darcl Logistics Ltd, a logistics
providers in India, has it to provide advanced fleet safety solutions. In this
agreement, Netradybe will provide fleet of 1000 vehicles of CJ Darcl with
AI-enabled embedded safety technology, helping the company improve
fleet operation performance, driver behavior, and reduce thefts.
CJ Darcl Logistics enhances their fleet management and further builds
upon cost-effective services and sets new safety standards. The Driver•i
system helps the company achieve its goals of improving driving behavior
through automated driver coaching. It also supports in expediting driver Durgadutt Nedungadi, Vice President, International Business,
exonerations as well as in handling insurance claims.
Netradyne and Nikhil Agarwal, President, CJ Darcl Logistics
A joint venture between DARCL Logistics and CJ Group from South
Korea, the company serves more than 2000 varied customers through its 174 offices across India. The company stays ahead of the curve when it
appears to adoption of technological advancements and safety. The company remains at the forefront of adopting technological advancements
and prioritizing safety. To enhance road safety, the company is integrating technology and safety measures by installing AI devices on its trucks.
These devices control visibility and speed, which in turn improves the overall safety and security of the road.
TCS and Renesas to open joint innovation
centres In India
Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) (BSE: 532540, NSE: TCS) one of the largest IT services
companies in the world, and Renesas Electronics Corporation (Renesas), a premier supplier
of advanced semiconductor solutions, announced the opening of a joint Innovation Center in
Bengaluru and Hyderabad and to collaborate on radio frequency, digital and mixed-signal design
and software development for innovative next generation semiconductor solutions catering to
the needs of a wide range of industries.
The inauguration in Bengaluru had the presence of Rajeev Chandrasekhar, Minister of State for
Skill Development and Entrepreneurship and Minister of State for Electronics and Information
Technology along with N Ganapathy Subramaniam, Chief Operating Officer & Executive
Director for TCS and Dr. Sailesh Chittipeddi, Executive Vice President & General Manager of IoT and Infrastructure Business Unit at Renesas.
The Innovation Center will combine TCS’ deep expertise in IoT and domain knowledge of the manufacturing, telecom and automotive
industries with Renesas’ advanced semiconductor designs and skilled embedded software support. By joining hands and leveraging their
combined strengths, the partners intend to launch innovative semiconductor designs and software solutions for the IoT, smart cities, industrial,
and automotive segments.
Ficosa to increase its workforce in India
FIEC (Ficosa India Engineering Centre), Ficosa’s technology hub in India, is a software engineering centre focused on technology
development. Ficosa opened the centre in 2018 with the aim of gaining an international presence, and to take advantage of the expertise and
experience offered by the new technologies available in India. Since its foundation, the centre has grown exponentially, both in terms of staff
and knowledge.
In its first five years, the centre has grown from 9 employees to a staff of 80, thanks to a strong and determined growth strategy. FIEC expects
to end the year with 95 employees, 84% of whom will work in R&D and 16% in support functions. In addition, the centre expects to have 112
employees by the end of 2023, which will represent an annual workforce growth of 18%.
“India is a great hub of technological talent, and at FIEC we are working to boost the local ecosystem and accelerate the transition to the
mobility of the future, with a focus on innovation and sustainability.” Daniel Muñoz, Head of FIEC
62 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023
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Role of automotive ethernet in
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Cybersecurity assessment for EV ecosystem – end-to-end approach
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Multilayered Platform for Health Risk Reduction and Safety on
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Tampering versus non-tampering - how telemetry devices can
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