www.telematicswire.net April - June 2023 Telematics Wire Technology Driven | Futuristic Vehicle 06 Industry Thought Leaders Views on Connected Vehicle Ecosystem in India & Emerging Technologies Suhas M Gowda, Etas India | Nilesh Chauhan, Valtech Mobility | Shinto Joseph, Ldra India | Sridhar Dharmarajan, Hexagon India 10 Automotive Ethernet Networks Are Changing The Security Paradigm Michal Frenkel, Ran Ben Tzvi | Argus Cyber Security 30 Vehicle Acoustic Based Diagnostic System Petr Bakulov PhD, CEO & Founder, V2M Inc Image source: Expeto Inc. / more at pg. 59 Telematics Wire Technology Driven | Futuristic Vehicle India's most informative media on Automotive Telematics & more January 2022 | Volume 1 | Issue 7 www.telematicswire.net October 2022 | Volume Yr 22 | Issue 10 Telematics Wire Technology Driven | Futuristic Vehicle www.telematicswire.net November 2022 | Volume Yr 22 | Issue 11 Telematics Wire Technology Driven | Futuristic Vehicle 20 The EV Charging Ecosystem paves the way for a New Technology Paradigm 28 If My Car Could Speak to Me - Vishy Ramaswamy Domenico Mangiacapra 31 Henshin Group Telematics, a Crucial Gateway for Tomorrow's Software-Defined Vehicles Roberto Balzerani Sopra Steria 24 The impact of autonomous trucks on India’s logistics sector - Dr. N. Saravanan 32 SCALAR – Orchestration Platform for Fleet Operators in India Abhijit Sengupta - Hjalmar Van Raemdonck HERE Technologies 36 Need for Intelligent Battery Management Systems Driver recognized Hi, I'm adjusting the vehicle to your preferences Retrieving user profile/preferences Traffic ahead Taking your favorite scenic route, instead Configuring displays for driver and passengers Changing from sport to comfort mode Driver falling asleep Playing your rock music Anush G Nair Tata Elxsi Body temperature is low I'll turn down the AC Playing your kids' favorite cartoon November 2022 | Telematics Wire | 1 October 2022 | Telematics Wire | 1 Photo Credit: Strategy Analytics Photo Credit: Strategy Analytics SHARE WITH US Technical/Research Articles Industry Updates Product Launch Market Reports Write to us at info@telematicswire.net Vehicle Launches with new Telematics Features April - June 2023 06 10 13 Connected Vehicle Ecosystem in India & Emerging Technologies Suhas M Gowda, Etas India Nilesh Chauhan, Valtech Mobility Shinto Joseph, Ldra India Sridhar Dharmarajan, Hexagon India Telematics Wire Technology Driven | Futuristic Vehicle April - June 2023 Free Technical Literature Editor Maneesh Prasad maneesh.prasad@telematicswire.net Automotive Ethernet Networks Are Changing The Security Paradigm Michal Frenkel, Ran Ben Tzvi Argus Cyber Security From vehicles to everything – why C-V2X is enabling the connected future of transport Cesar Arego, Tomtom Digital Cockpit Directors Maneesh Prasad Mohan Chandra Verma Sinha Anuj Ranjan 30 Vehicle Acoustic Based Diagnostic System Petr Bakulov, V2M Inc 32 Driving Through Automotive Cyber Security Proliferation Chandrasekhar Konakalla, Sri Rushi Consulting Services 16 From Vehicles To Everything – Why C-V2X Is Enabling The Connected Future Of Transport Dinesh Patkar, Quectel Wireless Solutions 18 Software-Defined Vehicles On The Road To The Future Shivalik Prasad, Sibros 38 Safe Mobility Using Adas Saurabh Narwade, Expert Global Solutions 20 Automotive Cyber Security In India Is Still In Its Early Stages Gerard Vink 41 Telematics In Electric Vehicles Nishchal Chaudhary, Battre Electric Mobility 44 Electric Vehicles For All Bharath Rajan, Tessolve Semiconductors Pvt Ltd. 46 Better EV Adoption Is Not Just An Infrastructure Problem Akshay Sharma, Intents Mobi 48 10 Best Artificial IntelligenceBased Android Apps In 2023 Harikrishna Kundariya, Esparkbiz Technologies 22 3: Main Elements of Autonomy Technology PushingFigure The Boundaries Of Autonomous Driving Beyond Cars adjacencies much sooner. And Trucks Agriculture Below is a depiction of how autonomy has evolved in the agriculture Jyotsana Singh, Sunitha Misrasector. & Gopinath Selvaraj, Tata Elxsi The silver lining in the cloud is that this technology is aligned to be adopted by other 26 28 Lessons All Industries Can Learn From Automotive Security Sergej Dechand, Code Intelligence Government Initiatives Have Helped Grow The Connected Vehicle Ecosystem In India Prasad Diwakar, Taoglas 50 52 54 Vehicle Telematics: Redefining The Transportation Industry Chirag Sethi, Delta Electronics India The 5G Revolution: Where Will It Have The Biggest Impact? Ken Berkley, Distrelec News GM- Corporate Communication Yashi Mittal +91 9810340678 | mgr_corpcomm@ telematicswire.net DGM - Corporate Sales Poonam Mahajan +91 9999609377 | mgr_corpsales@ telematicswire.net Marketing & Communication Executive Gunjita Gupta +91 9810346305 marcomm@telematicswire.net Web Developer Deepika Sahu web.developer@aeyzed.net Designer P K Gupta Printed and published by Maneesh Prasad on behalf of Telematics Wire Pvt. Ltd. and Printed at M/s Vinayak Printing Press, D-249, Sector-63, Noida, GB Nagar (UP), 201307 and published from D-98, 2nd Floor, Sector 63, Noida, (UP) Editor: Maneesh Prasad Disclaimer Telematics Wire Pvt. Ltd. does not necessarily subscribe to the views expressed in the publication. All views expressed in this issue are those of the contributors. Please Note: No material may be reproduced in whole or part without permission of Telematics Wire Pvt. Ltd. Copyright 2023, Telematics Wire Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved. April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 3 Editorial Maneesh Prasad maneesh.prasad@telematicswire.net There is an optimism about evolving connected ecosystem in India. This has also raised concerns amongst the security agencies here. about the possible threats which could emanate trom a connected vehicle. This vulnerability of venice was again demonstrated when researchers trom Synacktiv were able to hack into lesla Model 3 in less than two minutes in a recentiy held Pin own conterence at vancouver. in this April issue ot elematics Wire we have tew technical articles on the subject, and we will look forward to publishing more such articles in coming issues. Recent news of price war in electric vehicle in china, is a development which could cheer-Uc consumers. The industry, on other hand, may see consolidation and shakeout; clearing the tuzziness created with multitude of players in this electric vehicle segment. From domestic market point in India, the availability of electric cars in sub-ten lakh category could make business sense for shared mobility, as opined by an industry professional. But, also cautioned that we need to wait and see vehicle performance when made to run 4 to 5 lakh kilometres. Another interesting point was made, that the actual run of the vehicle will also depend on how the battery is charged. maintained and overall upkeep of the vehicle. This points to the need of another kind of coaching, this time its not about how to drive, but how to maintain the electric vehicle. Thinking loud, maybe soon we will have an interactive Al driven app based coach, nudging the driver on dos and don't. General Motors have already announced its intent to explore use of ChatGPI in vehicle. Maybe we can have some generic in-cab coaching app for managing electric venicle. The electric vehicle industry may see change in way automakers operate. With Foxconn making its intent clear about white label manutacturing of electric vehicle, and it they are successtul in their attempt; automakers in future would focus more on design and sales/ marketing ot vehicle. Not sure. if this is still a far fetched thought as of now. On our home front, we have have taken our first baby step towards autonomous vehicle with some of the automakers(MG Motors, Hyundai...) advertising about their vehicle being equipped with L2 autonomy. Lets wait and see how many years before we see L4 vehicle hitting Indian roads. On the driver assistance front, ADAS has become advertising point for many of the new car. And we all would be eagerly looking forward to reduction of accidents on the Indian roads. Though, Yr 2021 as compared to 2019, showed decrease in road accident, but we are need to see this continue in 2022 and 2023. Need for having vehicle tracking system in public transport vehicle along with alarm/emergency button as mandated by Govt of India, seems to continue to drag further. Its more than a decade since the infamous incident which triggered the need to have vehicle tracking and emergency button in public transport vehicle and there are many of the state transport associations/unions having declined to meet the date 1st April 2023. The date from when they were to be fully compliant to this. Somewhere there is a need for industry pull based on business model taking over the government push. lalking to some ot the industry experts. it seems they are working on possible data monetisation though various business models. Maybe ine reduced Insurance premium or some monetary benefit in return for data shared may eventually push the public transport across the states to voluntarily go for vehicle tracking and safety system. 4 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 Connected Vehicle Ecosystem in India The connected vehicle ecosystem in India is evolving, with telecom operators, automakers, Tier 1s and technology companies investing in it. To understand better, we reached out to industry thought leaders seeking their views about connected vehicle ecosystem in India and emerging automotive technologies. Below are views shared on some of the points. SUHAS M GOWDA MANAGING DIRECTOR ETAS AUTOMOTIVE INDIA PVT LTD Connected vehicle ecosystem in India India, under the aegis of Digital India is also seeing a major transformation towards a highly connected mobility eco-system. The entire global and Indian mobility industry is at a turning point, so are we at ETAS. Most of the 2/3 W, passenger car and CV automotive offerings in India are now seeing the advent of connected systems across the cockpit displays, data aggregation, automated driving or telematics applications. As 5G becomes more widely available within India, the vehicle is going to become a larger data-pool wherein connectivity ensures a widely distributed computing eco-system that can be used for end-user applications (such as UX, safety and V2X) while enabling many additional revenue streams for the OEMs. The primary step in the connected vehicle evolution is with the “connected infotainment” systems, with an upgrade towards an “updatable vehicle” and eventually to a complete end-to-end “software defined vehicle” (SDV). Digital cockpits are intelligent systems built to provide personalized, connected in-vehicle experiences that get better and smarter over time while maintaining a constantly refreshed experience to the end-user. At the apex of this eco-system are the Software-defined vehicles. They require multiple layers of in-vehicle and cloud-based technologies provided by a wide range of vendors offering products and services related to Cloud, OTA, Vehicle SW Engg. Services, Middleware & SOA stacks, OS & embedded SW libraries including hypervisors with a high level of hardware abstraction across these layers. Services and applications around connected vehicle Connectivity is the key for various integration & communication channels between a vehicle/on-board and cloud/off-board/backend applications & services. This means that Cloud services will become even more directly integrated with the vehicle with the software defined vehicle. In the automotive context, middleware acts as a common hardware abstraction layer through which different components & services can communicate with each other in a standardized way, while in some cases providing a platform on top of which applications can be developed & deployed In addition to this, building an ecosystem of safe & secure tools considering the mindset, processes, and organizational evolution to achieve the SDV is important in enabling higher degree of product development and software deployment agility which works in tandem with remotely updating the vehicle software. DevOps in the Automotive construct, brings together the developers, end-to-end tools, and the enabling layers for varying levels of continuous integration and delivery(CI/CD) of vehicle software through agile development processes Cloud-based toolchains and virtual test environments promise radical increases in software development & deployment efficiency while maintaining the highest level of security Data storage and security In the current world, Data is the new gold. Hence, secure, safe data acquisition and storage becomes key for the updatable, connected and automated driving vehicles. If the SDVs are not adequately secured, OEMs and fleet operators face serious consequences: fleet downtime or inoperability, ransom payments or recovery costs, loss of reputation and liability claims. Effective protection requires a multi-layered security concept with multiple lines of defense through various degrees of Defense-in-Depth security mechanisms. Expectations from the government in terms of policy and regulatory changes, if any With the advent of AI based connected cloud platforms along with higher data driven mobility systems, the Data protection policy needs to take a holistic view towards privacy, security & safety while considering the practical implications on the mobility eco-system. With the connected vehicles, there is a dire need for a Cyber-security regulations in India, similar to the ones which exist in Europe & Japan like the UNR155/156. ETAS, being an end-to-end cyber-security provider is also working with several Indian Govt. agencies to draft the AIS189/190 regulations considering the unique flavors of the Indian market, including the connected 2/3 wheelers. ETAS contribution in 'connected vehicle ecosystem'. Mobility is experiencing a fundamental change, with software taking center stage. ETAS enables its customers to master the complexity of the entire software lifecycle, thus contributing to the vision of the fully programmable vehicle of the future that allows functions to be continuously adapted, updated, and improved through software without having to make changes to the hardware. In addition, ETAS supports and drives various standardization initiatives (e.g., AUTOSAR Classic and Adaptive) and collaborates actively in open source working groups, e.g., the Eclipse Software Defined Vehicle Working Group. ETAS' portfolio includes vehicle basic software, middleware, development tools and cyber-security solutions for the realization of software-defined vehicles. Our product solutions and services enable vehicle manufacturers and suppliers to develop and operate them with increased efficiency. April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 5 Connected Vehicle Ecosystem in India NILESH CHAUHAN VP BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION VALTECH MOBILITY INDIA Connected vehicle ecosystem in India India is now world’s top 4 automotive market with potential to be top 3 in coming years. Awareness about connected features in market seems to be slowly turning into customer demand, though the connected vehicle ecosystem needs to materialise. Offering online services, for example audio streaming into vehicle as a single application doesn’t require any eco-system. However, the connected car eco-system plays an important role, when it comes to offering V2X service or vehicle data collection and data monetisation use cases such as usage-based insurance and so on. Connected vehicle eco-systems require tier 1 suppliers offering required hardware such as control units and sensors with possibility of easy integration and testing, alongside on-board connectivity provider utilising local MNOs. Some of the technology can be taken from an already advanced market. It is an objective of multiple tier 1 and tier 2 suppliers to establish a great connected ecosystem including creating regulations and policies by governance. Services and applications around connected vehicle. Lots of meaningful use cases can be offered. To mention few are: ● Connected entertainment experience ● Purposeful and reliable route planning ● Predictive maintenance ● Usage based insurance ● Safety feature / vehicle tracking Road improvements leveraging data collected by vehicles Remote services ... 6 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 Data storage and security A dedicated data policy for Indian Subcontinent is inevitable. The more this market grows, the more data is to be generated and it will require a certain regulatory framework that protects the Indian Users from misuse of their own data, as it can contain sensitive geolocation data, preferences, etc. So, definitely the ownership of data lies with each individual user and it should be up-to that individual whether or not to share the data for a given purpose. Collected data should have a great security level. There are certain regulations like UNECE that describes security as well. My view is to work with international organisations to have a common standard that could help all, the users, the OEMs as well B2B data consumers. I believe the potential on data monetisation possibilities are yet not yet determined in the market. One of our own developed products, Ridewise is an example how OEMs can make money with the data Expectations from the government in terms of policy and regulatory changes, if anyAs mentioned earlier, from Indian government, I expect some standardisation and co-operation with international institutions creating such policies and regulations like UNECE. Furthermore, certain lifesaving services like emergency call could be a mandate for the carmakers in India. Valtech Mobility @Connected Vehicle Ecosystem Valtech Mobility has an unparalleled and proven record of creating a connected car eco-system for more than 10 international carmakers including cloud, integration into infotainment and telematics units, mobile apps for remote services as well as providing more than 60 different online services into 25+ Million cars in 65 different countries. We bring a well-established and reliable partner network of known tier 1 suppliers, offering required infotainment control units, telematics control units, content providers for information, entertainment, streaming purposes, (v)MNO and many more… We can bring our technology know how, to this market and help realise the required user experience. Emerging Tech in Automotive Automotive industry across the globe is now in a transition Emerging technologies in the automotive industry The automotive industry across the globe is now in a transition stage. And currently, the most happening concept on which many technologies are focusing is called the PACE (Personalised Autonomous Connected and Electric). AI-ML algorithms could be used to provide customers with a personalised experience and other comforts. So to make autonomous driving a reality, Semicon players are developing smart chips with new advanced sensor technologies and complex centralised computing architectures that can replace the current decentralised multiple ECU-based computing frameworks. 5G will be another enabler that connects the ecosystem framework and provides the bandwidth that modern telematics players need. With sustainability goals becoming a priority for countries, taxation and regulation will force companies to move towards more ecofriendly electric cars, making customers reap the evolution of PACE. Shift towards electric & hybrid vehicles in India and role of automotive telematics, if any Worldwide we can see the shift towards electric vehicles, driven by a few major Western and Chinese OEMs. But some Japanese OEMs favour the hybrid approach as they want a safer move to start with. And in the Indian subcontinent, OEMs are trying to make the existing models fully electric or hybrid because it will drive Semicon players are developing smart chips with new advanced sensor technologies and complex centralised computing architectures that can replace the current decentralised multiple ECUbased computing frameworks. profitability on their investments while the sales volume picks up. We are also witnessing an increase in the launch of electric models in the two-wheelers space. Even many state governments have started pushing their public transport systems to become fully electric. Customers will surely invest in a future-ready car in terms of fuel and connectivity features. With the roll-out of 5G, the customers will demand services that can utilise the potential of 5G, creating a boom for the telematics domain. With cars becoming more than just a means of transportation, the start-ups coming up with technological disruptions and electronics and software leaders with innovative mindsets will play a vital role during this transition period. SHINTO JOSEPH DIRECTOR SOUTH EAST ASIA OPERATIONS LDRA INDIA Data security and storage in an emerging connected ecosystem Across the globe, for anything that is connected, security is a concern. In the automotive industry, we have connectivity and security issues at two levels—First, involving all internal sub-systems and connectivity and security between those sub-systems; Second, the security of external sub-systems, where telematics plays a significant role. Therefore, increasing the attack surfaces means increasing the security threat, even to the extent that a hacker can take control of the vehicle and use it as a terror weapon. And this is the reason why ISO SAE 21434 security standard is prevalent today and why ECU shipped should be security compliant as per the new EU regulation. In India, equivalents regulation will be enforced very soon, as connected automotive can quickly become a national security challenge. While a lot of data is produced and shared across various stakeholders, we must develop proper standards and regulations on data security and privacy in this area and our country. The introduction of ISRO’s NavIC chipset is the right move in that direction. New developments in LDRA LDRA is a traditional product company from the UK with over 45+ years of successful track record in mission and safety-critical markets. Traditionally we are known in the aerospace and defence industry. As the automotive industry started evolving, the semiconductor industry, particularly catering to the automotive sector, has become a focus area for us. Our customer acquisition in the automotive sector was phenomenally successful because we had mastered this game from the aerospace industry long back. With increased software content in modern cars, OEMs and vendors must create a testing and certification framework for their functional safety and security compliance requirements. This challenge is increasing day by day. Customers are looking to accelerate the testing and certification phase, reducing the time to market and bringing down overall project costs. We are now working on productivity enhancement tools for the industry and expanding our team in India to further develop our capabilities, particularly in emerging business and technology domains. April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 7 Emerging Tech in Automotive Indian manufacturing space has witnessed an accelerated integration of technology and automation improve overall operational efficiency, but it can also save on expenses, considering that the cost of prototypes is huge. This is especially crucial for EV development given the fast pace of EV technology evolution and the fact that it is a relatively new industry. SRIDHAR DHARMARAJAN EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT & MANAGING DIRECTOR HEXAGON MANUFACTURING INTELLIGENCE, INDIA Can you briefly share about Hexagon’s business activities in India? The Indian manufacturing space has witnessed an accelerated integration of technology and automation and Hexagon has dived in headfirst to try and provide intelligent ‘phygital’ (physical + digital) solutions to enable this. Our solutions span industries such as Ground vehicles, aerospace, Systems Dynamics and ADAS, Acoustics, CFD, Machinery, Manufacturing and Education. Last year, we announced our collaboration with CMTI for a Smart Manufacturing Centre for innovation and incubation. MSMEs can use the facility to explore smart manufacturing, thereby giving them the confidence to go back and use these technologies in their factories. This is certainly a game-changer for us since it allows us to play a role in furthering India’s goal of increasing GDP contribution from manufacturing. In addition, our ‘Your challenge, our solution’ campaign was a successful one where we solved challenges thrown to us by our customers to show them how our technology can resolve their challenges. We have also taken some active steps to help shore up indigenous R&D in India’s defence sector. Where do you see Hexagon in the automotive sector in India? Hexagon is working closely with the automotive OEMs and component manufacturers in India to help them get the product right the first time and reduce the time to market by making the manufacturing process intelligent. Hexagon plays across the breadth of the automotive lifecycle right from design, production, quality, and measurement. Also, we have been able to bring our experiences from leading global automotive companies to Indian automotive companies by providing consultancy right from the design to the prototyping stage. With traditional manufacturing, automotive companies typically produce 50 to 100 prototypes of a particular vehicle, before commercializing one of them. Smart manufacturing can reduce this number to 10% or less. Through technology, manufacturers can simulate the entire process digitally, rectify the problem areas and then replicate it in the physical world. Not only does this reduce the margin of error and 8 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 What is your view about the connected vehicle ecosystem in India? What are your views about autonomous vehicles running on roads in India? There is a perception that autonomous vehicles may not be feasible in India given the unpredictability and chaos often associated with Indian roads. However, given India’s massive scale, complexity and breadth of use cases, cracking the autonomous vehicle puzzle in India means cracking it for the world. The diverse automotive ecosystem in India spans various automotive OEMs that play in the passenger vehicle, commercial vehicle, and offroad segments and tier 1 and tier 2 automotive suppliers. It also includes technology providers such as engineering service providers, disruptive start-ups, homologation agencies, HD map providers, and semiconductor companies. India is already a hub for R&D in autonomous vehicles and ADAS. All major automotive players have their largest centres here in India. India also has perhaps the largest volume of trained engineers in the world. Hexagon has been working closely with the Indian automotive ecosystem including government bodies and regulators to help shape the future of autonomous vehicles in India. In addition to automobiles, there is considerable opportunity for autonomous vehicles to be used in more predictable environments such as agriculture, logistics etc. Do you think connected and autonomous vehicles could help reduce the cost of logistics and transport in India from its current level? There is potential for autonomous vehicles to be used in the logistics industry in India. They can bring several advantages such as 360-degree visibility which could help reduce accidents and improve traffic efficiency. Also, self-driving transport vehicles can be built not just to transport goods but also to combine other process steps such as loading and unloading to increase the overall efficiency of an entire process. What are your views about start-ups in automotive? Any specific area where you think startups could look into? The Indian automotive start-up ecosystem has been buzzing with activity to leverage the immense opportunities at play. So, there is tremendous scope in areas such as two-wheelers, transport and logistics etc. The popularity of EVs throws up several allied opportunities such as EV batteries, charging ecosystems etc. to name a few. Technical Insight AUTOMOTIVE ETHERNET NETWORKS ARE CHANGING THE SECURITY PARADIGM MICHAL FRENKEL Argus Cyber Security O ne of the more significant developments in vehicle architectures in recent years is the emergence of automotive Ethernet networks (alongside traditional CAN bus networks). Beyond changing vehicle architectures, automotive Ethernet is also shaking up the way OEMs and Tier 1 suppliers think about in-vehicle security. To protect Ethernet in-vehicle networks and ECUs from growing cyber threats and to comply with new industry regulations, many automakers have elected to deploy intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS). Let’s explore the reasons behind the Automotive Ethernet is being used in connected and autonomous vehicles to provide the wideband communication necessary to support autonomous driving and other advanced applications. Not only is automotive Ethernet transforming vehicle architectures, it’s also changing the cybersecurity paradigm. transition to Ethernet networks and its implications for automotive security design, as well as reviewing best practices for implementing IDPS within a vehicle network. continue to operate side-by-side in modern vehicle architectures. The Need for Speed The Ethernet protocol has been commonly used in IT networks in offices and homes for more than 30 years. But automotive Ethernet networks are substantially different than your office LAN. In the IT world, networks are constantly changing. People connect and disconnect many different devices (e.g., phone, laptop) and different apps on a frequent, ongoing basis. This means the network needs to support dynamic operations using, for example, dynamic IP address allocation, additional protocols and ports. In vehicles, most network components are known (e.g., switches, ECUs, protocols, etc.) before you even connect them to the network. This allows automakers to structure the network and define static IP addresses, ports and even to specify the messages between ECUs, before the network is even physically connected. After years of using the different variants of CAN bus as the almost-exclusive in-vehicle network type, many OEMs are moving towards hybrid in-vehicle networks that comprise both Ethernet and traditional CAN bus networks. There are several factors behind this transition, and they’re all related to the need for faster data processing. The growth in sensors, cameras and the emergence of autonomous driving functionality dictate the transfer of complex data at higher throughput rates. Autonomous vehicles, for example, require high-performance computing to make decisions in real-time that profoundly affect the safety and lives of passengers and pedestrians. Despite their reliability, CAN networks are limited in bandwidth and cannot deliver the throughput needed for today’s new applications. CAN networks can typically deliver up to 5 Mbps, while new Ethernet networks are already supporting a throughput of 1 Gbps. This huge upgrade, enabling wideband communication within the vehicle network, sparked the transition to automotive Ethernet a few years ago. That’s not to say that CAN is going to disappear. CAN is a reliable and low-cost solution for certain types of ECUs. In terms of logic, CAN networks operate on a bus (one-to-many/broadcast communications), while Ethernet is more suited for point-topoint communications. For these and other reasons, CAN and Ethernet will most likely Don’t Confuse Automotive Ethernet with Your Office LAN Sample Automotive Ethernet Network To understand what this looks like in a typical vehicle architecture, consider the following example. For reference, this hybrid vehicle network can be divided into three domains (ADAS, body, and connectivity) that are connected via a centralized Ethernet gateway. Ethernet traffic from sensors (A2 and A3) and CAN traffic from ECUs (B2 and B3) are being sent through highperformance computers (HPCs). These HPCs are connected via Ethernet to the April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 9 main gateway responsible for routing traffic between domains. Communication ECUs (C1-C3) connected to the outside world (cellular, WIFI) are also sending Ethernet traffic to the main switch. From a security standpoint, the question is how to protect such a connected vehicle network from malicious and unauthorized traffic. Drivers for Automotive Cybersecurity Implementing cyber protection in automotive networks is driven by two main factors: security value and regulatory compliance. As vehicles become more connected and software-driven, there is a growing need to protect them from cyber-attacks that are liable to affect critical vehicle functionality and functional safety (e.g., airbags, braking system, etc.), potentially endangering lives and resulting in expensive recalls. AUTO ISAC, an industry-driven community to share and analyze intelligence about emerging cybersecurity risks to vehicles, has outlined the tactics and techniques commonly used by attackers to penetrate vehicle networks. The most common attacks include spoofing, denial of service, scanning, fuzzing and data manipulation. With respect to Ethernet networks, all attack types found in the IT world are also relevant for automotive. Most of these network-level cyber 10 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 attacks comprise the following stages: ● An attacker finds a vulnerability (via scanning or fuzzing) in connected ECUs. ● The attacker exploits the vulnerability to get remote access to the ECU and compromises it. ● The attacker then moves laterally within the in-vehicle network to compromise ECUs in other domains. The network's cyber protection mechanism must be capable of detecting attack techniques used to initiate these attacks such as HW access, scanning for network elements, lateral movement, data collection, and exfiltration. An example of such a mechanism is the Automotive IDPS (intrusion detection and prevention system), which we will elaborate on later. Compliance, Compliance, Compliance The second driver for automotive IDPS is the need to comply with new industry regulations, such as UNR 155 and GB/T, that require OEMs to monitor incidents and risks to their vehicle fleets over the entire lifecycle. UNR 155 has already become a de facto standard in Europe and Japan. The next milestone will take place in July 2024, when all new and existing vehicle types will also be subject to UNR 155 type approval for cyber security. Annex 5 of UNR 155 specifically requires mitigation of threats related to “vehicle communication channels,” such as message spoofing, unauthorized data manipulation and access, replay attacks, denial of service attacks and malicious internal messages (among others). While UNR 155 doesn’t call for the use of a specific tool, IDPS is ideal for detecting and mitigating these types of threats. Protecting In-Vehicle Networks with Automotive IDPS A common security tool in the IT world, IDPS (intrusion detection and prevention system) is used to monitor and analyze network traffic and prevent potential attacks on a network or its endpoints. Automotive IDPS inspects in-vehicle traffic in real-time, detects and can possibly block malicious communication based on predefined rules. Since in-vehicle networks are based on known communications (e.g., pre-defined services, pre-defined video streams, pre-defined connections between ECUs), the inspection component knows exactly what type of traffic to allow (i.e., whitelist) - anything else is considered a bug or an attack. The goal of automotive IDPS is to detect all attacks without false positives. The fact that traffic is well-defined and limited in type enables the use of predefined rules with zero (or negligible) false positives. This level of accuracy is important as it saves valuable bandwidth and resources within the vehicle network, which are free to carry out other important functions. Where to Implement Automotive IDPS in Vehicle Networks? Most automakers today understand the need for automotive IDPS. As IDPS can be implemented on any ECU, or only on the most compromised ECUs, the question is how to do inspection in the most efficient manner. One option is to deploy the inspection component on each ECU. This means deploying multiple IDS instances (per the number of ECUs), which increases complexity, degrades ECU performance and requires multiple integrations. This option also undermines the key goals of automakers - to maximize efficiency and reduce costs. These goals can be achieved by minimizing the number of inspections needed to achieve the desired result. Clearly, it doesn’t make sense to check the traffic at every single point in the network. A preferable and less costly alternative is to perform inspection at one or a few centralized locations, according to the complexity of the vehicle architecture. But the question is where? Based on our example, if you deploy IDPS solely on the main switch, you won’t be able to detect malicious traffic between sensors A2 and A3. In this example, the solution should be IDPS instances on each switch to cover all the Ethernet traffic. Thus, the IDPS location really depends on the particular vehicle architecture and how the packets are routed. In addition, there are mechanisms in the switches themselves that can do part of the inspection. This technique has a smaller performance impact than deploying IDS on the switch and reduces the resources consumed from the switch for inspection. Leveraging this technique requires knowledge of how to configure the switches using the right logic, including setting of filters, rate limits, etc. How to Efficiently Configure Your IDPS Efficient configuration is essential for maximizing results and performance from your IDPS implementation. Keep in mind that not all users are cybersecurity experts, so it’s important to make the configuration process as easy and smooth as possible. The arXML file contains most of the relevant information (e.g., ECU information, and ECUs c o m m u n i c at i o n , etc.) and definitions of the vehicle network. Generating the IDPS inspection logic (whitelists, blacklists, DPI, etc.) from this single source makes it easier to create the inspection configuration. Once you set the required parameters for generating IDPS configuration, most of the inspection can be done automatically. Bottom Line Automotive Ethernet is being used in connected and autonomous vehicles to provide the wideband communication necessary to support autonomous driving and other advanced applications. Not only is automotive Ethernet transforming vehicle architectures, it’s also changing the cybersecurity paradigm. Vehicle manufacturers seeking to secure their fleets and comply with regulations are deploying IDPS solutions for their in-vehicle Ethernet networks. To ensure a successful and cost-effective IDPS implementation, OEMs must decide where to implement the intrusion component and how to configure it in the most efficient manner. AUTHORS MICHAL FRENKEL VP PRODUCTS & STRATEGY ARGUS CYBER SECURITY Michal holds a BSc degree in Computer Science from The Hebrew University and a master’s degree in Computer Science from Bar Ilan University. Throughout her career, Michal has led product lines in various fields including SaaS, vulnerability management, virtualization, and more. RAN BEN TZVI IDPS PRODUCT MANAGER Ran is a cybersecurity and networking expert with over a decade of experience in development and product management. Ran holds a B.Sc. in computer science from the Open University of Israel and is passionate about exploring new technologies and staying at the forefront of the cybersecurity industry. April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 11 Technical Insight FROM VEHICLES TO EVERYTHING – WHY C-V2X IS ENABLING THE CONNECTED FUTURE OF TRANSPORT DINESH PATKAR Quectel Wireless Solutions Cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) technology is set to revolutionize how IoT is utilized in transportation and other sectors because of the robust connectivity it provides that enables vehicles to understand and react to their environments in real-time. Although driverless cars remain many years away, C-V2X is a foundational technology for increased automation and providing richer information to drivers and from vehicles to infrastructure (V2I) and other vehicles (V2V), explains Dinesh Patkar, Sales Director - India, Quectel Wireless Solutions. U sing either LTE or 5G, C-V2X can efficiently and securely connect pedestrians, vehicles, roads and other transportation devices. This creates a smart transportation system powered by the ability C-V2X enables to collect information from multiple sources and enable innovative new offerings, relying on the ubiquitous, secure, high-speed, low latency connectivity that LTE and 5G can offer. C-V2X offers two modes of communication – direct and network. Direct communication between vehicles, infrastructure and other road users is enabled on the intelligent transport system (ITS) spectrum that has been identified and harmonized internationally for safety purposes. This works independently of cellular networks and forms the basis for standardized, global safety-related systems. Network communication, in which C-V2X uses the mobile network to receive information, enables C-V2X platforms to combine secure, wide area, short range connectivity in a single module and opens up appealing new use cases from assisted driving to richer infotainment experiences. The ultimate destination might be enablement of fully automated self-driving vehicles but the low latency of 5G C-V2X, in particular, enables new business models today. We foresee use cases in conserving resources, reducing pollution, eliminating accidents and optimizing transport efficiency that rely on C-V2X connectivity. In addition, steps towards automated driving such as support for the various 12 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 levels of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) will be enabled by connecting sensors, cameras and car data networks. Services such as pay-as-you-drive insurance, vehicle maintenance and diagnostics, infotainment and safety features such as eCall will all be supported by C-V2X. This goes some way to explaining why adoption is already advancing. ABI Research predicts that by 2025 there will be more than 10 million vehicles capable of short range V2X communication with cellular connectivity available in 346 million vehicles and smart city cellular connections exceeding 165 million. This indicates a connected ecosystem of vehicles, infrastructure and people is coming together and crystalizing the value C-V2X can add. Why C-V2X? C-V2X offers a series of advantages to different types of users. For vehicle makers, the combination of secure wide area and short-range connectivity in a single module delivers a versatile and cost-efficient way to improve safety while also taking advantage of cellular technology’s strong security. Vehicle makers can take advantage of 4G and 5G economies of scale to select products from vendors to suit their needs and position themselves to monetize innovative new services around the connected vehicle. For road operators, C-V2X allows for direct communications in the 5.9GHz intelligent transport systems (ITS) band to be supplemented by cellular communications ensuring high service availability and reliability. The arrival of 5G networks will allow for high volume data transfer and the low latency that many automotive applications demand. This improved performance has the potential to reduce the density of roadside infrastructure, thereby saving money. For users and society in general, C-V2X uses familiar, established cellular technology to provide the coverage and low latency that safety-critical applications demand. The potential to enable assisted driving, avoid accidents and support communication between vehicles and infrastructure opens up the possibility of safer, faster journeys with increased automation making experiences better for drivers. As developments accelerate, assisted driving will reduce errors and the load on drivers, enabling them to participate in infotainment and other tasks. The well-understood 4G and 5G cellular technologies that underpin C-V2X help because the existing ecosystem is already wide and this will ensure attractive applications are easy to develop, and that users trust the security and resilience of the network. C-V2X introduces an era in which vehicles will be seen to be protecting their users while also minimizing environmental impact and facilitating maximized efficiency. Put simply, C-V2X enables richer, faster, safer, optimized journeys at great cost efficiency in comparison to alternative technologies. There are alternatives to C-V2X that rely on non-cellular networks but these don’t offer the globally standardized, familiar technologies framework of cellular technology. An obvious comparison is V2X with 802.11p-based alternatives but these are limited because they offer lower system performance in terms of spectral efficiency, weaker security and greater latency. At the other extreme, satellite communication can be too costly for the volume of continuous communications that V2X demands with coverage too patchy and latency too great for many use cases. Modules for C-V2X use cases As uptake of C-V2X accelerates across the globe, automotive original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) need to deploy modules in their vehicles that enable them to connect to and utilize C-V2X infrastructure and systems. Quectel has created a portfolio of modules that combine essential C-V2X capabilities and help streamline solution design. Available in Europe, the Quectel AG55xQ is an automotive grade 5G NR sub-6GHz module which meets the 3GPP Release 15 specification and supports both standalone (SA) and nonstandalone (NSA) modes. The AG55xQ supports maximum downlink rates of 2.4Gbps and uplink rates of 550Mbps for 5G NR, and maximum downlink rates of 1.6Gbps and uplink rates of 200Mbps for LTE-A. The AG55xQ supports C-V2X PC5 direct communications as well as Dual SIM Dual Activation (DSDA), provides numerous interfaces to enable application development, and offers strong performance in electro-static discharge (ESD) and electro-magnetic interference (EMI) protection, ensuring robustness in harsh environments. The AG55xQ is therefore an ideal solution for automotive applications, providing manufacturers and tier-1 suppliers with secure, reliable and flexible connected vehicle solutions, paving the way for safer roads, more efficient traffic, and autonomous cars. The module is deployed in telematics boxes, telematics control units, advanced driver-assistance systems, C-V2X (V2V, V2I, V2P) systems, on-board units and roadside units. The Quectel AG52xR is a series of automotive grade LTE category 6/12 modules which supports maximum downlink rates of 600Mbps and uplink rates of 150Mbps under LTE category 12. The module supports C-V2X PC5 direct communications and a rich set of internet protocols, industry-standard interfaces and USB drivers for Windows 7/8/8.1/10, Linux and eCall. These allow the AG52xR to serve a wide range of IoT applications in industrial, consumer and automotive markets. The AG52xR is especially suitable for automotive applications such as fleet management, vehicle tracking, in- April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 13 vehicle navigation systems, remote vehicle monitoring, remote vehicle control, remote vehicle diagnostics, security monitoring and alarms, vehicle wireless routing and incar entertainment. The Quectel AG15 is an automotive grade C-V2X module designed and manufactured according to IATF 16949:2016 standards. It is designed for use in extremely harsh environments and provides superior ESD/EMI protection performance. Through C-V2X PC5 direct communications, the AG15 makes traffic smoother and more efficient and paves the way for automated driving and achieving the goal of fully connected traffic. Based on 3GPP Release 14 compliant LTEV2X direct communications, the AG15 supports vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicleto-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-topedestrian (V2P) communications on the unified 5.9GHz ITS band without the need for a (U)SIM, cellular subscription or network assistance. It is able to meet connected vehicles’ demand of communication with lower latency, higher reliability and high throughput. The AG15 is a global V2X communication solution to meet enhanced driving safety, autonomous driving, ITS and ADAS application demands. The Quectel AG57xQ is a series of automotive grade 5G NR Sub-6 GHz modules that support maximum 2.2 Gbps downlink and 550 Mbps uplink data rates at 5G NSA mode, and maximum 800 Mbps downlink and 200 Mbps uplink data rates at LTE-A. Supporting optional C-V2X PC5 direct communications, the AG57xQ series is a great solution for automotive applications and makes the traffic smoother and more efficient through paving the way for automated driving and achieving the goal of fully connected traffic. With the AG57xQ series, we are able to provide automotive OEMs and tier-1 suppliers with secure and reliable connected car solutions, and also provide vehicle manufacturers smart and flexible solutions to build selfdriving cars. More specifically, the module will be commonly found in telematics boxes (T-Box), telematics control units (TCU), advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), C-V2X (V2V, V2I, V2P) systems, on-board units (OBU), roadside units (RSU), and other automotive/traffic systems. In addition to this wide choice of modules that support C-V2X, Quectel, as a global IoT solution provider offers its extensive portfolio of embedded and external antennas, Connectivityas-a-Service and its range of IoT device certification and testing services. Quectel Certification Services span regulatory, conformance and carrier compliance plus certifications of industry-specific devices and environmental and safety-related certifications. To further help customers, Quectel offers its pre-scan service in its own labs so certification compliance can be assessed before applying to certification authorities, thereby saving time on noncompliant certification applications. Quectel also offers technical support facilities and debugging solutions to address common, and not so common, certification issues. Quectel’s capabilities include project management, all paperwork tasks, dealing with labs and carriers, checking the test scope and making the minimum test scope, providing the necessary on-site support and providing testing and debugging. In addition, Quectel will fix issues as they arise and negotiate waivers where appropriate. Global C-V2X roll-outs Although the C-V2X specification is mature, deployments across the world are underway at varying paces as 5G and automotive AUTHOR DINESH PATKAR REGIONAL SALES DIRECTOR- INDIA QUECTEL WIRELESS SOLUTIONS Dinesh Patkar has been leading sales in India for Quectel Wireless Solutions since 2011. He holds an engineering degree and has over three decades of industry experience, having worked in leadership positions with Advent, Arrow Electronics, Memes Unique and Avnet Max. 14 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 infrastructure continues to be installed and different jurisdictions place different requirements on automotive OEMs. In Europe, for example, ABI Research reports there are suggestions in the industry that inclusion of V2X in the 2025 Euro NCAP vehicle safety rating scheme will be delayed to 2027 due to insufficient time to develop new test protocols. While the NCAP has not officially confirmed any changes, there is consensus that if the 2025 timeframe is maintained, it will focus on early, more simple use cases. There is also consensus that 2027 will be the inflection point for mass adoption because a complete range of richer, more complex use cases will become part of the Euro NCAP scoring. In the US, the recent dismissal of the appeal against the FCC’s 5.9GHz spectrum proceedings means that C-V2X has a clear path and should spur the FCC to grant the existing C-V2X waiver requests faster. On the downside, the US may not have enough spectrum for some advanced cooperative perception use cases in the future. In China, C-V2X is currently found in low-volume premium vehicle models, but there are at least 25 OEMs in different stages of V2X production in the country. COVID-19 lockdowns and discussions about the GNSS positioning standard slowed down deployments in 2022, says ABI Research. However, shipments of vehicles with C-V2X will grow exponentially in 2023, surpassing the one million mark as carmakers prepare for China NCAP 2025. These varying rates of adoption and development paint a picture of C-V2X as a clearly defined and well-established model for connecting vehicles. However, different markets are moving at different speeds which should be seen as the normal path to maturity taken by technologies. What is clear is that all markets see C-V2X as the enabling technology behind current connected vehicle use cases and as the foundational enabler of automated driving and very rich applications in the automotive sector in the near future. In just a few years the current variation in adoption rates across the world will level out and C-V2X will be deployed globally and at scale. Quectel’s portfolio of C-V2X modules, antennas and testing and certification services is ready to support this massive growth as the automotive industry accelerates into its connected future. Technical Insight THE IN-VEHICLE EXPERIENCE WILL SEE AUTOMOTIVE’S NEXT BIG DISRUPTION: DIGITAL COCKPITS AND THE FUTURE OF IVI The automotive world is being forced to evolve to growing customer demands and increasing societal pressures. Drivers want true mobile app integration, not systems that piggyback the car’s IVI; they want richer in-vehicle experiences and high-level automated driver aids (ADAS). Alongside this, society is pushing the transition to electric power and for improvements in vehicle safety. This shift to EVs isn’t just challenging drivetrain engineers. In-car user interface designers are up against it too. They must define how to share critical EV information, like battery state and charging locations, with drivers. Carmakers also must figure out how to build IVI systems faster, so that they mirror our digital lives, where apps and features are developed and updated regularly. On top of that, they must develop ways to keep IVI systems fresh for the life of the vehicle. What’s happening for carmakers, suppliers and OEMS is more revolution, than evolution. Revolution brings big changes in how business is done. While it’s too soon to say exactly how the industry will change and restructure, automotive businesses are beginning to see what lies ahead and what they must do to capitalize. Cesar Arego, Business Development Manager Digital Cockpit at TomTom, says we’re witnessing a new wave of disruption in automotive. We sat down with Cesar to find out how the automotive world is changing and what carmakers need to do to prepare for what lies ahead. What are some of the biggest challenges and changes you’ve seen in the automotive industry? When I first started 15 years ago, infotainment system integrators and tier ones were doing everything on their own. This has been the source of many challenges and changes that followed. Back in those days, tier ones would take a map from a supplier, like TomTom or its competitors, and do something called compilation. This is essentially repackaging the map for their own applications. In some cases, it took hundreds of people to repack the map; each car line, each customer and each car brand getting a slightly different flavor. In parallel to map compilation, using the repackaged maps, tier ones began developing in-vehicle infotainment (IVI) navigation software by themselves, for a small number of luxury-focused clients. But creating navigation systems is very labor- and capitalintensive. These companies constantly faced resource, engineering and development challenges. It was a laborious process and ultimately proved unsustainable. What were the problems with the way those IVI systems were being built? And how did this change? Compiling maps and building navigation systems in this way gave developers at tier ones a lot of control, but this was not the tier one’s core focus — making it difficult for them to offer best in class products. They were also rebuilding a map and satnav for each IVI system and car. It was a lot of repetitive work. Early IVI systems needed to be developed in this way to coincide with vehicle development lifecycles. Software had to be locked in up to a year before the car entered production and couldn’t be modified afterwards. By the time the car model reaches the end of its production life, the IVI software could be up to eight years old. That way of development doesn’t allow carmakers to meet the expectations of modern drivers. It’s an inefficient way of doing business. With key software disruptions arriving to the industry, how IVI systems are developed is evolving and it’s allowing carmakers, suppliers, tier ones and OEMs to explore new, more collaborative, ways of doing business. Some carmakers now are making IVI systems and digital cockpit software much faster — in just 18 months. What’s more, they’re doing it alongside the development of the vehicles. Locking software in years ahead of production is becoming a thing of the past. What’s the most significant change you’ve seen inside the vehicle? What disruptions lead to this? In a first wave of disruption, we saw the invention of high-tech IVI systems. After this, a second wave brought a reconfiguration of how these systems are made. After many years dedicating their scarce resources to making mapping and navigation systems, car companies and tier ones pursued more cost effective and efficient means of production by partnering with mapping and navigation specialists, like TomTom. The thinking was, “Let them figure out how to make the best possible navigation and we’ll take care of everything else.” In fact, back in 2012, a Japanese carmaker came to me and asked if we could take over map compilation. As it had been a focus for us, we’d gotten quite good at it and were able to recompile maps faster and more frequently — four times a year. The automaker was only able to get it done once a year. April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 15 Hi-res photo of interviewee: Profile of author: (See final section Little by little, we’ve seen carmakers, OEMs and tier ones drop their navigation departments and dedicate their valuable resources to other parts of the infotainment system — that’s what they are experts on. This has allowed them to make highly functional, and high performing in-vehicle systems, whilst also delivering useful and accurate mapping and navigation that keep up with changes in the world. And now, we’re at the beginning of a third wave of disruption with the arrival of Android Automotive. It’s presenting carmakers with more choice and opportunity with how they make their in-vehicle systems. And, I think, it’s the start of a new era of digital cockpits, which will be more intuitive, feature rich and constantly evolving - ones which provide an experience much closer to our mobile phones. All these changes boil down to speed. The first and second waves of disruption allowed car companies to deliver fresher navigation through faster and more frequent map compilation and navigation system development. And now, the latest wave of disruption allows a faster and more frequent update of the entire IVI creation framework. frequently mentioned. It’s become a benchmark for the automotive industry, tell me about that. The mobile phone has become a benchmark through its ubiquity and because phone experiences are more modern than what we have in cars. The software for a phone might be locked in just weeks before it enters production, most cars are locked in up to one year before they roll off the production line. By the time you’re driving the car, it feels old compared to other tech in your life. We’re incredibly familiar with their user experiences too. Drivers expect that phone experience in their vehicles. Drivers want regular updates, high-definition displays, they want their favorite music app, they want their calendars to sync with the navigation to offer routes based on where they need to be and when. Also, phones are continuously updated. Apps are refreshed and new apps keep the experience fresh and relevant. The predominant IVI systems in the market today are fixed for the life of the car, though there are some exceptions to that rule. Overthe-air updates are still unusual in the auto industry. When talking about digital cockpits, mobile phones are What will this third wave of disruption bring? How does the industry need to adapt to this? I think with this disruption, comes empowerment. In short, with Android Automotive, carmakers, tier ones and suppliers will be better positioned to work together, focus resources and work quickly to build IVI systems. The expectations of drivers today mean that carmakers can no longer lock software in years before production. They must be more agile, flexible and design systems to be updatable. They need to work faster. I want to see more collaboration in the industry. I want to see tier ones, OEMs, carmakers and suppliers work together to bring all areas of our expertise together. By focusing their dedicated resources on fine tuning their digital cockpit and using the best parts of what the IVI industry has to offer, carmakers will be able to create sexy software in the car. And thanks to the collaboration, how much of that development the carmaker does, will be its own choice. An EV startup can choose premade apps and services to get moving quickly, while a big OEM can make a larger part themselves on top of Android Automotive. It’s the same platform, but flexible to the needs of the company. It’s like an all-star rock ‘n’ roll band. High resolution images for the art Preview, full res attached separately: The TomTom Digital Cockpit allows carmakers to take full advantage of different screen arrangements and provide their customers with beautiful and fresh in-vehicle experiences. 16 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 Bringing together best in the industry, the best bass, the best guitar, vocalist and producer. When they are supported to play together, they’ll make the best music. The challenge will be getting everyone to work together! This amount of collaboration is a totally new way of working, but it’s one that must happen if carmakers are going to make the in-vehicle experiences that drivers and passengers will love. What will digital cockpits of the future look like? The car of today is very different to that of 20, 10, or even five years ago. Drivers expect to get in the car and have what was playing on their phone’s music app pop up on their infotainment screen. They expect those screens to be high definition and have a beautiful interface. Drivers expect their digital lives to seamlessly merge into their vehicles. 10 years ago, this was a dream, but now, it’s a possibility. Soon these kinds of features will be the things every carmaker needs to offer to be competitive. Digital cockpits of the future will need to be intuitive, easy to use, great looking and offer seamless integration with mobile apps. For carmakers and OEMs, the future of how digital cockpits are made will enable faster time to market, more customization and deep integration of ADAS and EV features with navigation. Once the initial foundation is built, IVIs need only be tailored for each vehicle, not rebuilt from scratch. What does the industry need to know to be able to respond to the disruption of how digital cockpits are made? There’ll be a lot of work at the beginning, building the foundation of the IVI system. But carmakers should invest in it! The payoff will come later when auto brands won’t have to re-develop the same system over and over. When starting on this digital cockpit journey, I would advise carmakers to really do their homework first. To find out who the best suppliers and collaborators are for the features they want to add to their digital cockpit. Perhaps it’ll be the OEMs that have the biggest task, as they’re like the rock ‘n’ roll band’s producer! They’re the ones that must orchestrate the collaboration and bring everything together. But, as I said, when they do, great music will be made. Carmakers will also have to exploit the faster time to market and be reactive to user and industry feedback. There are many consumer reports that rank IVI systems on their speed, freshness and functionality. If you don’t score highly on these third-party tests, you’re not going to be taken seriously. So, automakers, OEMS and everyone else needs to be ready to respond to these results and build the features drivers want. How is TomTom helping carmakers build the most exciting and fresh digital cockpits? TomTom was part of the first two waves of disruption and it’s very much driving the third. TomTom is helping push digital cockpits forward with our own platform: the TomTom Digital Cockpit. It’s an open, Android Automotive-based system, that’s designed with flexibility, modularity and modern driving experiences in mind. We say it’s sort of like Lego, the foundation is the same whatever you do with it, and then on top of this, you can drop pre-made blocks to build a fully functional digital cockpit, or you can build your own blocks to create something more bespoke. TomTom’s Digital Cockpit platform brings with it a growing ecosystem of bigname partners too. So, while there’s going to be more collaboration in the industry, TomTom is doing its best to take the pain out of having to collaborate with potentially hundreds of partners and app providers. This means, through TomTom, carmakers will get access to products, services and apps from the likes of Spotify, Amazon Alexa, Amazon Music, but also region-specific services, like those in India from Quest Global, for engineering, or Gaana, for music. Working in this way gives quick, easy and customizable access to voice assistants, system integrations and entertainment apps. Digital cockpits built on TomTom’s platform are easily tailored and visually altered for each car model. They can also be updated over-the-air, letting carmakers keep their in-vehicle experiences fresh, modern and up to date for the changing needs of drivers. As we did with map compilation, and then navigation systems, what we’re trying to do is help the automotive industry make CESAR AREGO BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER TOMTOM DIGITAL COCKPIT Cesar Arego has worked directly at auto OEMs like Ford and through leading experts like ZF and TomTom, to create car electronics and infotainment devices around the world. He holds MSc from both Cranfield University (UK) and MSMK (Spain). Cesar is passionate about bridging the benefits of high-tech sector innovations into automotive development. In his current role, he is the global business development lead for TomTom Digital Cockpit. Cesar lives in Madrid (Spain). the best use of its limited resources and bring together the best partners in the world. Tier ones, OEMs and suppliers are all experts in their core business, if we create an industry where each player can focus on what they do best — if we create a platform that allows carmakers to iterate IVIs faster and more frequently — we’re going to create the wonderful digital cockpits and in-vehicle experiences that drivers are demanding. But it will need a completely new way of working. More collaboration! Like the all-star band coming together! Hopefully, TomTom’s platform helps the band (or carmaker) make the best music they can. April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 17 Technical Insight SOFTWARE-DEFINED VEHICLES ON THE ROAD TO THE FUTURE SHIVALIK PRASAD Sibros “Hardware and internal combustion engine have reigned supreme in the automotive space for more than a hundred years. But a revolution is underway, with change happening on the fast lane: Players who move slowly may find themselves overtaken.” T his decade will see a rapid shift not only to electric propulsion systems, but to vehicles dominated by electronics. The software-defined vehicle (SDV) is speedily gaining traction, and the acronym CASE (Connected, Autonomous, Shared, Electrical) frames the conversation. The challenges, however, are considerable. An industry that has long seen itself as manufacturing hardware to be purchased by its customers has to undergo the massive metamorphosis to writing software and offering services as subscriptions. But if the challenges are considerable, the potential is enormous. The move to CASE and SDV opens up opportunities of whole life cycle monetization for OEMs, options to optimize and personalize their vehicles for drivers, and ways to reduce costs and improve performance for the commercial vehicle industry. Connected Vehicle Technology to Realize the SDV There are some fundamental requirements to any solution supposed to be an enabler in this space: The solution has to cope with any given model and version of hardware and software because vehicles will incorporate 18 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 a great variety of those; the solution will have to be safe and secure because new attack vectors may arise and the protection of all road users is imperative; the solution has to be economical because there will be volumes of data in transit and at rest never before seen in the car space. Sibros’ Deep Connected Platform (DCP) delivers on the three pillars for the connected vehicle: software updates to all electronic control units (ECUs), high frequency data collection from all ECUs, and remote commands to any ECU. We have both in-vehicle components as well as cloud components to make it seamless for every vehicle under any platform irrespective of the hardware specifications. It is the only solution on the market that is hardware agnostic and it is one of the first to be ASIL-D certified according to ISO 26262, the highest functional safety standard for automotive. The DCP, with embedded firmware validated to run on all major telematics control units and gateway platforms and combinations, requires very little memory and CPU capacity and compresses data to save on transmission costs. Some use cases will illustrate how this comprehensive tool brings modern mobility forward. Use Cases for OEMs To a certain extent the engineering departments will have to get used to the fact that their organization is not a core hardware shop any more. This does not only mean that development cycles and other work habits are changing, it is a profound shift that does not come easily. On the bright side, engineering departments will have a whole different data foundation to develop future features. Simulation, for example, with all its problems and pitfalls, can be replaced by billions of data points from real-world use. This enables accomplishments like the reductive design of features that may have been unused, misused, abused before. It may enable the redefinition of battery size for a certain market and it certainly will boost ADAS and related functions, an enormous and impactful market. A major use case is vehicle as a service. It involves aspects such as the management of vehicle locations, mileage limits, remote roadside assistance, payment services, usagebased insurance, and OTA maintenance. To successfully implement such a business model, information like trip data, driver behavior monitoring, location tracking, and connected diagnostics for remote/assisted repairs needs to be available. Sibros currently enables a unique business models for European manufacturers such as 16-tonne allelectric freightliner, luxury vehicles with an ambitious goal of 100% software updates and data logging for production vehicles. To this end, the Deep Logger and Deep Updater embedded components were deployed and preproduction and production cloud environments set up. Command Manager serves for remote safety critical functionalities. Further examples of use cases of different scale and impact are: ● ADAS performance - Improvement using real-world vehicle data ● Reductive design - Elimination of underutilized features or functions with usage insights ● Predictive maintenance - Correct prognostics with data about actual usage and parameter deviations ● Rapid prototyping - Remote validation and testing ● Usage-based insurance - Adjustments based on stats of actual driving ● Recall campaign orchestration Accelerated recall campaign notification and remedy times with targeted vehicle group OTA software update rollouts. Such use cases can be implemented with very little effort because Sibros’ product provides 95% functionality out of the box, with only 5% integration necessary. “Sibros’ platform is neither limited to a certain propulsion nor to a certain vehicle class. From sporty electric 2-wheelers to heavy machinery with fuel cells, and everything in between, Sibros solutions integrate seamlessly and Sibros offers vehicle configuration modeling capabilities to help organize fleets and address countless use cases,” adds Shivalik Prasad. For example, the largest e-bike operator in North America set out for the world’s best shared e-bike, equipped with Wi-Fi and GPS. Riders can locate e-bikes in an app; the operator can issue over-the-air firmware updates, track stolen bikes, and monitor hardware and firmware states in real-time. Sibros provided the platform to ingest, visualize and extend fleet data usage. Highlights are superior data compression, a debugging tool for faster fault identification, and real-time selective data logging. Use Cases for End Users Additionally, the DCP allows to add functionalities and value-added services for end users and drivers. Examples of such use cases are: ● Vehicle personalization - Drive mode options like sports, eco, comfort, or snow; adaptive air suspension; ride and cabin preconditioning ● Battery configuration - High range, high power, etc. ● Digital experience - Payments for fuel, recharging, etc. via IVI system or app ● Remote functions - Lock/unlock, immobilize the vehicle, etc. ● Personalization as per VIN Personalization settings by the end user specify post-production software updates, calibration configuration changes updates, and For these purposes, Sibros provides a product that is highly modular and flexible and, as a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) solution, allows every customer to profit from the experiences and improvements derived from the work with all customers. The Outlook The cousins Hemant and Mayank Sikaria founded Sibros 2018 in the belief that automotive OTA will redefine transportation. Sibros’ DCP is designed to be a building block of the road into a cleaner, safer, and more sustainable automotive future for everyone. The organization with main offices in Pune and Silicon Valley is winning awards, signing new customers and recruiting excellent people to make SDVs practical. AUTHOR SHIVALIK PRASAD VICE PRESIDENT, STRATEGIC ALLIANCES AND SALES SIBROS He is currently helping build the new Automotive Software platform across global OEM. Building an eco-system around new technologies specially around the Cloud/Internet and Mobile technologies. He has build maps navigation and GPS products for 18 automotive OEM. He has closely worked with the worlds top 5 tech companies from Bay Area and helped them launch India products and delivery centres. In his previous role, he helped scale Mapmyindia in terms of revenue and large enterprise customer acquisition for over a decade. April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 19 In-Conversation Automotive cyber security in India is still in its early stages TASKING is a leading provider of software development tools headquartered in Munich, Germany, offering high-performance, high quality, safety & security-oriented embedded software development tools for multi-core architectures. Below are some of the points on which Telematics Wire explored views of Gerard Vink industry-leading microprocessors and microcontrollers. The acquisition of iSYSTEM further enhances TASKING’s safety and security-oriented software ecosystem and broadens its capabilities as a one-stop shop for embedded software development tools and services with a strong emphasis on the automotive safety market and its related applications. Can you briefly share about Tasking business activities in automotive sector? TASKING’s development tools are used by automotive manufacturers and suppliers, as well as in adjacent markets around the world to realize high-performance applications in safety-critical areas. The TASKING Embedded Software Development solutions provide an industry-leading ecosystem for your entire software development process. Each TASKING compiler is designed for a certain architecture and meets the specific requirements of the automotive market. As the recognized leader in high-quality, feature- and safety-compliant embedded software development tools, TASKING enables you to create code with best-in-class size and performance with compilers, debuggers and RTOS support for Will the software-driven vehicle see increased usage of embedded software development tools? The Software Defined Vehicle (SVD) creates all kind of change within the organizations of OEMs and suppliers. Software and modern tools for software development are now first row citizens often with a dedicated focus from company’s top management. The continuing transformation, and consumer demand, for connected and autonomous technologies means vehicles need increased functionality that can be updated and improved over the vehicle’s lifetime. All this is done with software.Software-defined vehicles drive next-gen connected EV development. Many car drivers expect their vehicles to be fully combined into their digital lives. In addition, new connectivity, automation, 20 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 and personalization features will be increasingly executed with software in the future. In the forthcoming, new features can be activated exclusively according to the driver’s needs. With regular updates, the value of the vehicle can not only be maintained but also increased throughout the entire life cycle. What are your views about connected vehicle safety? Do you think there could be a role for companies like Tasking to ensure safer vehicles? TASKING’s main area of expertise are compilers and tools for safety projects in the transportation market. The increase in HPC/Zonal architecture, heterogeneous and even OEM-specific SoCs will create a need for dedicated compiler and development tools to enable efficient software development. TASKING’s strength is to support this development especially for safety and performance critical applications and services. Automotive software and its development process must comply with international standards such as ISO 26262 “Road vehicles – Functional safety” and ISO/SAE 21434 “Road vehicles – Cybersecurity engineering”. The cybersecurity standard is very important for OEMs because compliance is mandatory to obtain type approval and gain market access. Therefore the TASKING VX-toolset for TriCore/AURIXTM v6.3r1 has been certified against the ISO functional safety and the ISO cybersecurity standards by safety experts from TÜV-Nord. TASKING is proud that it was the 1st compiler supplier to receive such ISO/SAE 21434 certificate. How do you see your products/tools evolve for connected and autonomous vehicle in future? To say that software is mission-critical in advanced driver assistance systems and autonomous vehicles is an understatement. It’s the differentiating factor between one vehicle and the next in terms of capability, performance and self-driving experience. The initiation of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) means that automotive manufacturers could bring cutting-edge systems and tools to support automakers in streamlining workflows, increasing product quality, and optimising production. TASKING continuously provides updates for its products, such as SmartCode – a set of compilers for Infineon’s AURIX TC4xx. We also added more ARM targets to our VX-toolchain with TRAVEO T2G and released the TriCore Inspector, a tool for software quality analysis. On the roadmap are further device support for ARC cores , RISC-V to list of supported targets and a new Safety Checker with enriched usability. Our R&D department is fully loaded with adding new instruction set architecture support, new devices and optimization our customer GERARD VINK INDUSTRY SPECIALIST PRODUCT DEFINITION TASKING ask for. In addition, we’re adding qualified libraries for safe (re-)use within customers safety system to our portfolio. What are your views about the automotive market in India? The Indian automobile industry is setting out on a journey aiming for a sustained growth momentum in 2023 and further embracing clean technology amid the lurking speed breakers of rising interest rates and cost increases due to new emission and safety norms, having witnessed a strong comeback from the COVID-led downturn this year. As per industry observers, 2023 will also see acceleration in adoption of electric vehicles, which has already started taking root in 2022, especially in the two-wheelers segment. With the increasing demand for vehicles, the need for improved security standards is also on the rise. Automotive cyber security in India is still in its early stages. It is estimated that 40 percent of new vehicles will have connected features over the next five years. Indian OEMs and government have acknowledged the need for improved cybersecurity measures. April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 21 Technical Insight PUSHING THE BOUNDARIES OF AUTONOMOUS DRIVING BEYOND CARS AND TRUCKS JYOTSANA SINGH, SUNITHA MISRA & GOPINATH SELVARAJ Tata Elxsi T technology has the potential to provide available for Level 2.5. The irregularity echnological advancements various benefits including safety, in regulations has led automakers to use in the automotive domain convenience, and environmental benefits. deceptive marketing strategies. As of today, aim to continuously deliver This article covers the challenges regulations are becoming mature and it is safety to drivers. As of today, existing today to adopt autonomous cars extremely difficult with more and more many cars on road have advanced driver on road. We also cover how autonomous stringent rules for getting Level 3 cars on assistance systems that assist the driver in driving technology can be leveraged across road. case of an impending crash and take action other adjacencies like farming, mining, in case of a crash. In recent times, driver construction, yard vehicles, and the marine Infrastructure assistance systems have progressed and segment. Driverless cars are not only dependent on evolved into self-driving cars. Driverless technology fitted on the vehicle, but also cars are believed to be the future of the Challenges in the on infrastructure with wide roadways, automotive industry and would transform adoption of autonomous intelligent roadside units, and connectivity the community mobility ecosystem once driving on public roads to the cloud allowing continuous updates the autonomous technology is established. of software on vehicles. Additionally, the Automakers across the globe have Regulations and standardization maintenance and repair of infrastructure invested billions of dollars to make Autonomy in vehicles is divided into assets is an important aspect of this autonomous driving a reality. Even though six levels as per SAE International (SAE ecosystem that can be achieved by publicthere are focused efforts and investments J3016). The below diagram depicts the private partnerships. in autonomous driving in terms of various autonomy levels. Hence, to facilitate this redundant innovations and evolving business models, There have been several inconsistencies communication, cooperative networking the adoption of driverless cars on public in the terminologies used across the and standardization of regulations for roads remains far from reality. industry resulting in interoperability across Challenges in the of autonomous driving onledpublic roadsinfrastructure are essential. As per market data adoption as of December geographies and hence have to a delay 2022, driverless vehicles on road are quite in getting approvals for the deployment of Regulations and standardization Technology insignificant and many manufacturers Level 3 cars on road. One such example There are various technological barriers have scaled down their investments is Level 2.5 introduced by some of the Autonomy in vehicles divided six levels as isper SAE International J3016). The below to the(SAE adoption of autonomous vehicles. in autonomous cars. Even is though the into automakers which undefined as per Below are some of the factors: adoption of autonomous cars on road SAE standards and leading to consumers diagram autonomy levels. on the actual features Continuous innovations and has been depicts extremely the slow,various autonomous being unclear Figure 1. SAE Level of Autonomy for Automotive Figure 1: SAE Level of Autonomy for Automotive There have been inconsistencies in the terminologies used across the industry resulting 22 | Telematics Wireseveral | April - June 2023 in interoperability across geographies and hence have led to a delay in getting approvals for the North America 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Europe 2028 Asia-Pacific 2029 2030 Start-ups 2031 Incumbents 2032 technological improvements will help in overcoming the above challenges and ensuring a zero-accident future giving confidence to the drivers. Average L4 autonomous on-street parking 2024 L4 autonomous parking in garages 2024 L4 highway pilot' 2025 L4/5 robotaxi (vehicle demand) in urban areas' 2028 Driverless on highway, hub to hub 2027 Driverless on full journey, on highway, and to destination Outside Of highway 2031 Liability Studies mention in conventional cars, human driver error accounts for over 90% of all car accidents. Hence, in the United States, the liability for a car accident is on the human driver since it is the driver’s action that led to the accident. Therefore, in this case, claims against the automakers for the sale of a defective product are possible, but in reality, these are rare. The scenario is very different in the case of accidents caused by autonomous cars, which is dependent on the level of autonomy in other words the level of human intervention during the accident. Some of the entities who can be liable could be - the automaker, software supplier, driver, car’s occupants, insurance company, etc. In short, as liability laws are yet to be defined consumers are concerned about safety and security. Figure 2. Timeline for adoption of Level vehicles Figure 2: Timeline for 4adoption of Level 4 vehicles Autonomous cars will be first seen in controlled environments such as city centers, and parking lots to provide a shared mobility experience. The trucking industry is also expected to be one of the early cases of autonomous technology adoption. Yard, drayage, and shunt trucks are some examples where these trucks can autonomously drive or park. Way Forward Autonomous technology architecture is driven by four main elements – sensing, decisionmaking, planning, and vehicle control. Consumer confidence Studies indicate that even though consumers are excited about the various advancements in autonomous technology, they are not confident and do not trust the technology. Recent crashes in some of the Level 2 cars on the road have added fuel to this perception. Furthermore, the deployment of Figure 3. Main Elements of Autonomy Technology Figure 3: Main Elements of Autonomy Technology The silver lining in the cloud is that this technology is aligned to be adopted by other 1. Inability of artificial intelligence models to work in crowded city conditions and determining the intentions of adjacencies much thesooner. other entities on roads. Agriculture 2. Inability of sensors in detecting obstacles in adverse weather conditions. 3. Maturity of low latency and high bandwidth communication standards like 5G, 6G, etc. 4. Ineffectual interfaces mode that provide confidence to the driver sitting Below is a depiction of howuser-friendly autonomy has evolved in in the the autonomous agriculture sector. inside the vehicle. 5. Potential security breach of hardware, sensors on vehicles, and communication systems. 6. Data Standardization between vehicles on road and the cloud to different automakers and cloud infrastructure suppliers implementing their own methods and ultimately leading to delays in approvals. 7. An ecosystem for developing, continuously upgrading, and mass building HD maps is not established. 8. In Level 2+ vehicles, handover from autonomous mode to manual mode is imminent. Therefore, this transition needs to be seamless and needs to take into account various factors like time provided for transition, current scenario, driver’s abilities etc. 9. Validation of autonomous driving stacks before deployment on road has been a challenging task. Digital twins are the way forward to enable the validation of such complex safety and time-critical systems. April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 23 Traditional Agriculture 1.0 Indigenous tool Manual work Animal power Mechanization 2.0 1870 1754 Automation 3.0 Monitoring Global positioning system Variable rate applications Tractors Agricultural machinery Fertilizers Pesticides Smart Agriculture 5.0 Information technology 4.0 Information technology Thrust worthy food supply Ubiquitous sensing IoT Robotic and autonomous vehicles Artificial intelligence Block-chain, Cyber-security Today Future 1959 Figure 4. Evolution of Autonomy in the Agriculture Sector Level of autonomy and efficiency technologies in are some examplescommunication where these trucks can will autonomous cars data in countries by collecting on thewhere surroundings. Rail-to-rail and rail-to-infrastructure Environmental footprint adjacencies autonomously drive or park. shared mobility is the major source of employment willto lead to a reduction jobs As peradapt market to data, Level 4 autonomous enable us make quickindecisions, real-time demand, and ultimately offer greater Way Forward for drivers. Also, there is a major section will of emerge in theinmarket by 2024 Sector Figure vehicles 4: Evolution Autonomy the Agriculture ofpunctuality motorists who still prefer driving their or 2025. This is far from reality. Autonomous architecture is to passengers. Therefore, autonomy in the rail segment bringstechnology along an enriching and autonomous vehiclesAutonomous are seeing cars a surge are deemed to be by thefour future the – sensing, vehicles forRobotic enjoyment. will and be first seen driven mainof elements All the aboveexperience, factors which are more inenergy controlled environments such as city decision-making, planning, and of vehicle passenger consumption, a low footprint mode agriculture industry.reduced Automation in the agriculture sectorand can fall into carbon below categories: consumer-driven may lead to resistance centers, and parking lots to provide a control. and unacceptance of these autonomous experience. Theoperations trucking The silver lining in the cloud is thatto this 1. Driver Assistance: themobility complexity of field likeindustry crop detection, pest mobility. Below are some ofReduce theshared levels of automation for the rail corresponding the cars. industry is also expected to be one of the technology is aligned to be adopted by detection, etc. by providing to improvetechnology efficiency. other adjacencies much sooner. early assistance cases of autonomous automotive SAE J3016 classification. Adoption of autonomous adoption. Yard, drayage, and shunt trucks 2. Autonomy: Autonomous for some of the complex operations like obstacle avoidance, row turning, etc. GRADE OF TRAIN SETTING TRAIN IN DRIVING AND 3. Supervised autonomy: Remote operation of farm vehicles AUTOMATION OPERATION MOTION STOPPING Rail DOOR CLOSURE OPERATION IN EVENT OF DISRUPTION Driver Automatic Train Protection with Driver The rail industry has been prone to operational and safety issues due to guesswork and human error. The needAutomatic of the hour Train is to equip the train with smart sensors, enhanced perception Protection + Automatic Train Operation with Driver software, and a connected ecosystem. All these elements will aid to inspect and surveil tracks, siding tracks, and platforms. Autonomous trains will make it possible to carry more people, transport more goods, expand rail transport in rural areas, and develop topographic databases Driverless Train Operation Automatic Unattended Train Operation Figure 5: GoA Level of Autonomy for Rail 24 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 Marine Attendant Agriculture Below is a depiction of how autonomy has evolved in the agriculture sector. Robotic and autonomous vehicles are seeing a surge and are deemed to be the future of the agriculture industry. Automation in the agriculture sector can fall into below categories: ● Driver Assistance: Reduce the complexity of field operations like crop detection, pest detection, etc. by providing assistance to improve efficiency. ● Autonomy: Autonomous for some of the complex operations like obstacle avoidance, row turning, etc. ● Supervised autonomy: Remote operation of farm vehicles Rail The rail industry has been prone to operational and safety issues due to guesswork and human error. The need of the hour is to equip the train with smart sensors, enhanced perception software, and a connected ecosystem. All these elements will aid to inspect and surveil tracks, siding tracks, and platforms. Autonomous trains will make it possible to carry more people, transport more goods, expand rail transport in rural areas, and develop topographic databases by collecting data on the surroundings. Rail-to-rail and rail-to-infrastructure communication will enable us to make quick decisions, adapt to real-time demand, and ultimately offer greater punctuality to passengers. Therefore, autonomy in the rail segment brings along an enriching passenger experience, reduced energy consumption, and a low carbon footprint mode of mobility. Below are some of the levels of automation for the rail industry corresponding to the automotive SAE J3016 classification. Marine In the recent past, autonomous ships are making waves across the transportation industry. As per market data, human error and operational costs contribute to 75-90% of accidents and approximately 42% of a ship’s operating cost respectively in the marine industry. Autonomous ships are expected to improve safety by minimizing human intervention, reduce operational costs by optimizing crew on board and increase carrying capacity by freeing ships from crew accommodations. As seen in other transportation industries regulations are far behind innovations. To prevent this, the marine industry regulatory body called International Maritime Organization (IMO) has taken a proactive step of formulating regulations beforehand. IMO has currently defined four degrees of autonomy: ● Degree One: Crewed ship enabled with automated processes that can control the ship at all times ● Degree Two: Remotely controlled ship with seafarers on board who can take control of the ship at any time ● Degree Three: Remotely controlled ship without any seafarers on board ● Degree Four: Fully autonomous ship Autonomous ships have the potential of transforming the marine industry and ecosystem. Since the marine industry is in the early stages of autonomy adoption, it could learn from other industries and overcome practical, legal, and economic challenges. As correctly quoted, “Innovation is to imagine the future and fill in the gaps”. Mass deployment and adoption of autonomous cars may be slow but autonomous technology has opened multiple avenues in other transportation industries where autonomy innovations can be effectively applied and reused. AUTHORS JYOTSANA SINGH Senior Technical Architect Tata Elxsi Jyotsana is a Senior Technical Architect in the AD/ADAS domain, responsible for leading key projects and acting as SME for multiple projects. She is responsible for mentoring and upscaling engineers to such futuristic projects by conducting training programs. Additionally, she is also responsible for determining the future direction of the automotive industry and developing technology plans to customize or introduce new solution accelerators in autonomous mobility. SUNITHA MISRA Senior Technical Manager Tata Elxsi Sunitha Misra is a Senior Technical Manager in the AD/ADAS domain, responsible for anchoring end-customer programs and also spearheading icebreaker technical discussions with new potential customers. She is responsible for handling members of a large ADAS and AD team at Tata Elxsi. Mentoring, up-skilling at the same time managing the aspirations of engineers by careful planning, assignment, and execution of training programs and projects is her forte. In addition to this, she is also part of core technical teams within the organization that keeps a check on the latest advancements in the automotive industry and also charters technology roadmaps of the organization aligned to these new trends in ADAS and autonomous driving space. GOPINATH SELVARAJ Senior Technical Architect Tata Elxsi Dr. Gopinath Selvaraj holds an M.Tech (2002) and Ph.D. (2007) in the field of Control Engineering, Robotics & Automation from IIT Delhi. Presently he is working in Autonomous Driving & ADAS Practice at Tata Elxsi, Bangalore as a Senior Technical Architect and is instrumental in developing and testing Software solutions for Autonomous Driving and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). He has published 25+ papers in international journals/ conferences and he is an inventor with 4 patents. His research interests include autonomous driving, robotics, machine learning, intelligent automotive controls, and optimization. As a senior member of IEEE, he acts as an ExeCom member of the IEEE-Control System Society (Bangalore chapter) and an active reviewer of reputed international journals. April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 25 Technical Insight LESSONS ALL INDUSTRIES CAN LEARN FROM AUTOMOTIVE SECURITY SERGEJ DECHAND Code Intelligence Y ou’ve probably heard this phrase more than a few times by now: Every company today is a software company. On the surface, it’s easy to connect a few dots and understand why this phrase rings true. The digital transformation is, quite literally, changing every aspect of our world so that it is in some way digitally connected. For instance, instead of going to a bank to cash a check, your bank now has an app on your phone to accomplish this. Regardless of industry, every organization today truly must be a software company. On the customer-facing front, this usually means an easy-to-use, highquality, accessible application. But what does it mean for organizations themselves? The automotive industry is offering some surprising and helpful lessons on the depths to which every sector and company are embracing software as part of everyday business, and why cybersecurity is directly linked to this. The Automotive Industry’s Software Evolution Like every other industry, the automotive industry has been evolving and embracing new technology. In the past few decades, building a car has gone from being almost entirely hardware focused to adding a full fleet of software capabilities. Most modern cars today have features that weren’t even around 20 years ago, including: ● Information and entertainment systems with voice assistants, connectivity for navigation, and streaming services ● Sensors to assist with safe driving or, in some cases, full self-driving capabilities To accomplish this, car manufacturers that have been around for decades had to adapt, investing in adding an entire division dedicated to software development. For example, Volkswagen created Cariad, its in-house software company, which employs 5,000 software engineers and makes Volkswagen one of the largest software companies in Germany. The quick pivot many manufacturers Image source: Pexels 26 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 have made to modern “smart” cars is impressive. But it also has come with added risk and responsibility. Traditionally, the automotive industry’s security regulations and standards have been focused on functional safety, like ISO 26262, which addresses compliance for safety-related systems that include electrical or electronic components. But with software added to the mix of what makes up today’s vehicles, industry standards have needed to evolve. Automotive Cybersecurity Standards Are Increasing Wherever software exists, so too does the risk of a cybersecurity-related incident. When we evolved the concept of a car from four wheels and an engine to include entertainment, connectivity, and so on, we accepted increased risk. And like with the software used in every other type of business, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, risks, and hacks are all on the rise. In December, a Sirius XM radio connected vehicle service exposed several car brands to remote hackers attacks due to a vulnerability. The connected service is currently used by more than 12 million cars in North America, including Acura, BMW, Honda, Hyundai, and Toyota. The International Organization of Standardization is addressing the makeup of modern cars with ISO/ SAE21434:2021. The standard includes engineering requirements for cybersecurity risk management, from concept to development, production, operation, and maintenance. Only software that complies with this ISO standard is allowed to be built into cars today. Lessons Learned At first, automotive developers might feel apprehensive that these added cybersecurity requirements could be a pain point that would slow the production and shipping of their software. After all, it’s another bullet point of responsibility added to their job description, and one for which they likely didn’t sign up. Luckily, modern cybersecurity tools are allowing security testing to fit into the software development life cycle (SDLC). A variety of approaches to security scanning, including static application security testing Image source: Pexels (SAST), dynamic application security testing (DAST), and feedback-based application security testing can be used together to effectively test applications for vulnerabilities and bugs while an application is still in development. What automotive developers have learned through this process is that contrary to their initial fears of development being slowed by added cybersecurity requirements, once security scanning is up and running within their continuous integration/continuous delivery (CI/CD) development process, the pipeline is faster and more efficient than before. As bugs and flaws are discovered earlier and earlier in development, they’re fixed before they get to production. This saves on the costs and time traditionally associated with going back later to fix these issues. The further a bug or flaw moves through the software development life cycle, the more it costs to fix, and of course, if it makes its way to production, the more vulnerable the software is to a potential cybersecurity attack. Cybersecurity: A Competitive Advantage The automotive industry is just one of many sectors that are seeing added ISO standards focused on cybersecurity. Healthcare, aviation, energy, finance, and many more are keeping pace or following closely behind with new cybersecurity standards of their own, as software becomes an increasingly critical component in every part of our world. All organizations need to be prepared to prioritize and implement cybersecurity capabilities (if they haven’t already). They also need to have developers with the experience and expertise required to understand that when correctly implemented, security testing can improve the speed of development and the overall quality and security of software. The article was originally published in DARKReading ( https://www.darkreading. com/ ) AUTHOR SERGEJ DECHAND CEO & CO-FOUNDER CODE INTELLIGENCE Sergej Dechand is a German entrepreneur and the CEO and co-founder of Code Intelligence, a cybersecurity company that focuses on software testing automation. Dechand co-founded Code Intelligence in 2017 with the goal of providing advanced security testing solutions to software companies. April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 27 In-Conversation Government initiatives have helped grow the connected vehicle ecosystem in India (CAV), automatic guided vehicles (AGV), and truck platooning (V2V) to understanding technical requirements like CV2X, V2V, positioning and navigation and vehicle network integration. PRASAD DIWAKAR TAOGLAS Can you give a brief introduction of Taoglas products for automotive and your India operations? Taoglas is a leading provider of antennas, advanced IoT components, and custom IoT design services that helps customers navigate complex RF and wireless systems and brings connectivity solutions to market. We design and manufacture high-performance, highquality antenna and IoT solutions that support the latest in global wireless technologies and an array of automotive and transportation regulations. Key product categories include high precision GNSS antennas, high efficiency cellular antennas, small form factor Wi-Fi antennas and UWB antennas for ADAS. In October 2022, we opened our Taoglas India facility in Ahmedabad to better support domestic and international customers for engineering, product development, active and passive testing, and other RF services. The lab is fully equipped with a state-of-theart Satimo StarLab 18 multi-probe anechoic chamber covering 650 MHz to 18 GHz, 2-port VNAs supporting up to 40 GHz, and other communication equipment. Additionally, passive antenna testing for standard telecom protocols including cellular, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LoRa, and global satellite technologies, and active cellular OTA testing including TRP and TIS for 2G, 3G, 4G, CATM1 and NBIoT protocols can be performed. We offer these services at very competitive costs. With our new site, Taoglas engineering expertise is easily accessible to local customers needing to incorporate wireless connectivity into automotive applications, from connected autonomous vehicles 28 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 How has been the demand for GPS/GNSS antennas in India? - share your thoughts on how TG is well positioned to meet the demand? GNSS and GPS are used widely for automotive OEM and aftermarket applications like telematics and vehicle tracking systems. The emerging trend in high precision GNSS patch antennas which can help to achieve cm-level location accuracy for applications like ADAS, industrial precision tooling, and other high precision applications. Taoglas has a wide range of embedded and external high precision GNSS antennas and has been supplying passive and active GNSS antennas for these applications for past decade in India. Following the IRNSS satellite launch and AIS140 launch in India, we were one of the first suppliers with a dual patch L1/L5 antenna to support this ecosystem. What are your views about connected vehicle ecosystem in India? - share your thoughts approx. The connected vehicle ecosystem has received a massive boost after the government launched safety initiatives and amendments to the Automotive Industry Standards (AIS) such as AIS-140 and AIS-156 for EV battery testing. Volume share of the two-wheeler EV segment is much bigger than the four-wheeler EV segment, and battery management and mandatory telematics requirements in EV have opened opportunities for cellular, Wi-Fi, and GNSS technology integration for data monitoring applications. Conventional OEMs and emerging start-ups in the EV domain have increased activities significantly. With an increase in in-vehicle electronics, there is substantial demand for active and passive electronics, PCB, and data integration for cybersecurity, alongside antennas and RF components which are an integral part of this ecosystem. How would Taoglas be contributing to this connected ecosystem for safer roads? At Taoglas, we believe in enabling the high level of safety for vehicles and the community. Our products come with a host of certifications that comply with automotive and transportation regulations. Antenna selection and integration play a crucial role in defining the efficiency of connected ecosystem products. Our extensive portfolio features high precision GNSS antennas providing cm-level accuracy, cellular antennas with high reliability & efficiency ensuring no loss of data, and other ADAS, telematics, dash cameras, heads up display products that enable passenger safety. Links to featured Taoglas products that enable vehicle safety: High precision GNSS Antennas https://www.taoglas.com//product-category/embedded-antennas/ gnss-embedded-antennas/ High efficiency Cellular Antennas https://www.taoglas.com/product-category/embedded-antennas/ cellular-embedded-antennas/ Small form factor Wi-Fi Antennas https://www.taoglas.com/product-category/embeddedantennas/wi-fi-bluetooth-embedded-antennas/ UWB Antennas for ADAS Applications https://www.taoglas.com/product-category/embeddedantennas/uwb-embedded-antennas/ Can you share in brief about Taoglas Magnetics portfolio, particularly with reference to BMS for EV? Taoglas magnetics, the most recent addition to our IoT component offering, is comprised of RJ45 integrated connectors, LAN transformers, and battery management system (BMS) transformers. The STRATOS series of BMS Transformers offer excellent component-to-component isolation for battery systems that have high voltage differences. The BMS Transformers are AEC Q200 certified for automotive applications supporting 1000 Vdc to 1600 Vdc voltage options. Example applications for BMS include: ● Automotive: Electric Vehicles (EV), Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV), Electric Buses ● Consumer: Electric Bicycles, Tricycles, Power Tools ● Industrial: Energy Storage System (ESS), Industrial Handling Robots, Automated Forklifts, Patrol Vehicles, High Power Portable Equipment To learn more, visit https://www.taoglas.com/product-category/ magnetics/bms-transformers. Taoglas Taoglas is a trusted provider of antennas, advanced IoT components, and custom IoT design services that helps customers navigate complex RF and wireless systems and brings connectivity solutions to market on time, the first time. Since its foundation in 2004, the company has grown from its heritage in antennas to having engineering resources, state-of-the-art test chambers, and precertification centers around the world. Their global team works obsessively to deliver an uninterrupted supply chain for rapid local delivery and seamless support internationally. Taoglas' commitment to continuous innovation, proactive customer service, and trusted quality delivers long-term peace of mind to customers and colleagues, creating time and space to work together to advance global connectivity. April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 29 In-Conversation Vehicle Acoustic Based Diagnostic System PETR BAKULOV PhD, CEO & FOUNDER V2M INC How did the idea of analyzing vehicle sounds to diagnose problems come about? I began my career with cars as a dealership mechanic. For many years, I’ve worked as a warranty engineer, master consultant, and service manager. I gained a lot of experience and comprehensive insight into how a vehicle should work in addition to education in automotive service and repair and academic education up to the Ph.D. level. My Ph.D. research was on an app that could replace a vehicle maintenance consultant for some steps. I’d gained so much experience that no uncommon sound could escape me. So, I thought maybe I could diagnose many malfunctions from the sounds made by the car, and maybe I could build a system that would do it for me. About 2% of accidents are related to vehicle malfunctions. That’s quite a lot. Police officers do not always record vehicle malfunction as the main reason for an accident. It is likely to be drunk driving, speeding, or another violation, but the vehicle may also be defective. Essentially, we don’t know which factor was the deciding one in the accident. If we accept this cause, we can save a lot of lives on the road. Despite modern technology, cars are still unable to recognize whether something has gone wrong with their performance. If a bearing or wheel is out of order, there is no indication until the problem worsens, which is hardly ideal for safety and efficiency on the road. Our innovative solution enhances existing on-board diagnostics by filling this gap: it enables vehicles to “hear” these noises and stay safe on the road. V2M Inc. was established in 2021 after nine years of 30 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 research, patents, and validation of ideas via research papers. What has V2M’s journey been like over the last two years? V2M has used its decades of international expertise in automotive sound analysis to develop a revolutionary platform capable of detecting any on-board fault. To achieve this, V2M has leveraged both the physical and physiological nature of sound—waves with complex sensations that are heard by human ears. Our goal was to replace human hearing when diagnosing malfunctions in vehicles. We developed and patented a unique hardware–software system that uniquely uses the sounds of cars as an acoustic diagnostic parameter. When this breakthrough technology is used, each car leaves behind its own distinct audio mark that can be used to detect faults. To be honest, the last year has been amazing. The results that we got in the lab were very satisfactory and confirmed that we could detect malfunctions by their sounds. Our theory has been proven to work completely. So, we have our first working prototype. Can you tell us more about these acoustic sensors in the V2M device? Sure. We began our case studies with six sensors, but now we work with up to three, which is the golden mean. Each sensor uses digital microphones connected to a control module. The control module works with special software that can analyze what type of on-board malfunction we have. This advanced program leverages deep neural networks to identify defects embedded in sound waves to detect vehicle malfunctions quickly and accurately. By analyzing the car’s acoustic trace, our team discovered a new way to find faults in vehicles. We were able to detect even the slightest abnormal sounds and malfunctions. We have achieved truly remarkable results that can help keep vehicles running safely. Finally, the V2M system’s control module uses embedded SIM and M2M technology to send data packets containing vehicle ID information. These telematic transmissions are secure and enable real-time tracking of a car’s performance information. The V2M generates data that can be used on the customer’s side. For example, besides working with telematics ourselves, we can provide data on the dashboard or aggregate data to the customer. Will the acoustic sensors or V2M device be available as aftermarket products? The best approach is to use V2M as a top-of-the-line addition to modern on-board diagnostic systems that are factory installed. We focus on safety and comfort, and being part of a self-diagnostic system is the best way to achieve these goals. How successful has fault diagnosis been in EVs (Tesla)? Any diagnostic percentage numbers? The company has installed the prototype in the world’s most soughtafter electric car, the Tesla Model 3 Standard Range Plus. Our results are coming in, and they’re good. The accuracy is between 88% and 98%. We are now testing an advanced algorithm that will make it possible for V2M to be error free. Our next step is purchasing two vehicles with internal combustion engines and one hybrid vehicle for testing purposes to show that V2M is equally suitable for every type of car and engine. Do you have any analyses that compare V2M with existing diagnostic tools? There is no good sound analysis in cars. There are some special tools at dealerships, but they’re not our competition, because those tools work with a service, not on board. You would need the driver to detect uncommon sounds and make an appointment. V2M works instead of the driver. By streamlining the diagnostic process, we can make life easier for service staff and save customers money. It’s a win–win situation because dealerships are afforded extra time to focus on other services rather than diagnostics that take up an abundance of resources without yielding much profit. Sound recognition technology can also enable cars to provide suggestions on how best to address any given problem and provide an estimate of the cost to repair it. This level of automation enables faster diagnosis and repair and not only significantly reduces overall repair time but also cuts down labor costs. Do you think the success with Tesla can be replicated with other EVs? Absolutely, not only with EVs but for the all-car market. Our software is good at learning new data and working with all types of vehicles. The global market is running on us today. A lot of the parts in different cars are quite similar. You drive a Mercedes, and your friend drives a Volvo, but you both have the same alternator. And it’s obvious that if it breaks down, the sounds will be similar. Furthermore, we’re exploring the installation of our solution on machinery. V2M is not just an app but a method we’ve devised. We’re looking for partners for a pilot project. We’re working with some car manufacturers and looking for the best way for us to proceed. You’ll be testing your product on internal combustion vehicles and hybrid vehicles. What are the challenges you see in replicating your success with EVs in internal combustion vehicles? The two challenges I see are that cars with internal combustion engines are multiple times louder than EVs and have more parts, more breakdowns, and more malfunctions. Do you have any operations or sales offices in India, South Asia, or the Asia-Pacific region or any plans for them in the near future? Are you looking for partners in these regions to advance your work with Tier 1 automakers? At the moment, we’re in the process of looking for investors and partners for a pilot project. In India, we see the potential to install our solution on machinery. As a whole, the Asian market is a promising and powerful one for us. We believe that our solution will be in demand here and will advance to a new stage of development. April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 31 Technical Insight DRIVING THROUGH AUTOMOTIVE CYBER SECURITY PROLIFERATION CHANDRASEKHAR KONAKALLA Sri Rushi Consulting Services Background Automotive Cyber Security are: ● New security threats from functionalities of Emerging automotive technologies ● Number of Cyber Security Attacks are exponentially increasing ● UNECE based & other regulations and certification needs ● Advanced E/E architectures and complex ECU architectures – New Vulnerabilities ● Cyber security Incident management for entire product life ● Rapidly growing Connected Car solutions and increase in vulnerability surface areas. There is a need to trigger research, standardization, Cyber Security Solutions, Tools and investments to counter security impacts from these challenging dynamics. Cyber Security is definitely a new dimension of Automotive Product development process. Automotive Cyber Security industry is still witnessing rapid evolution of new threats year by year and these dynamics are challenging the present product implementations. Unlike other domains, Cyber security in automotive impact majorly on vehicle safety. This fact needed further elaboration of safety in context with Cyber Security. As indicated by ISO 21434, cybersecurity implementation is distributed phenomena and various stakeholders are coming together to build reliable long-term technology solutions. Key challenging scenarios of Backend with VSOC Mobile Wi-Fi BT DSRC (V2V) GPS Cellular EVSE OBD tools Vehicle Network Chassis Body ADAS - Safety Powertrain Present Challenges Communications EV Others Adaptive Suspension Lighting, AFLS Radar-LidarCamara Traction Control IVI BMS, Charging Autonomous Drive ESC TPMS Sensor Fusion Engine Control Telematics DC-DC Converters Vehicle Control Modul Steering Climate Control Adaptive Scenarios Energy Management Secure Gateway Inverters Smart Actuators Domain Controller Power Seats & Other Utilities Airbag Others BT, Wi-Fi E Axle Adaptive/Pre dictive Cruise 32 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 Understanding Hierarchy of Security vulnerabilities from Vehicle Perspective Many research papers and Standards have analyzed the source & path of Cyber Security threats. The analysis and protection methods are being envisaged to categorize these threats at different levels of vehicle echo system. Following is a simple attempt to categorize these threats fundamentally at various levels. ● Level 6 – External & Remote to the Vehicle – For example, communication from Backend, DSRC communication. ● Level 5 – External & Short range from Vehicle – For example, communication with smart sensors, smart actuators, WiFi, BT, OBD. ● Level 4 – Telematics Unit (TCU) – Gateway to the vehicle from the external world. All the vehicle networks are connected to this TCU. TCU supports OTA, remote diagnostics and connected car solutions. ● Level 3 – Vehicle Network Gateway (VNG) ● Level 2 – ECU to ECU – Data flow from ECU to ECU ● Level 1 – Applications resident of some of ECUs. (Example: Applications in Head Unit and Telematics) ● Level 0 – Control Unit Level – Software CVEs from automotive industry In 2022 alone, more than 150 new CVEs identified and most of them are remote & long-range based ones. Out of these 151 CVEs (33 Critical, 74 high and 44 medium vulnerabilities). These CVEs are ranging from semiconductor chips to vehicle echo systems. Distributed Cyber Security – Stake Holders OEMs Tier 1 Semiconductor Orgs – Micros with HSM SW Management Orgs. Process & Audit Experts – ISO 21434 SUMS Certification Agencies per R156 Research Agencies Backend Organizations per R156 CSMS infrastructure CSMS echo system Updates to Crypto Stack Security Software with Autosar Support Standard based Process Infra. IDPS systems SUMS echo system Technical Management per R156 Support SUMS Research on advanced control methods RTOS with Safety & Security Audits & Certifications White Hacker groups Security Echo system for backend Approval Authority per R156 Software Management Support Multi Core Security Systems SW Lifecycle Mang. Tools SUMS echo system with backend org Autonomous Drive systems & Security threats: While the autonomous car offers great advantages, it comes with the risk of hackers interfering with ADAS functions, steering, breaking and others. ● Autonomous Drive subsystems utilize Machine Learning (ML) algorithms and integrity of this software is a critical for reliability. Attackers may choose to manipulate these algorithms and related data to gain advantage to attack the vehicles. Examples are Vehicle collision, change critical prediction data etc. ● Image recognition systems use a deep learning algorithm to identify and classify images such as road signs. This can be deceived with the help of unique stickers and graffiti. ● Spoofing the LiDAR sensor signals. ● Manipulation of GPS accuracy, Loss Brake Control, Loss of Steering Control, tampering of vehicle dynamics data. Connected Solutions and cyber security Challenges Global Connected Vehicles will jump 134% from 330 million in 2018 to 775 million in 2023. Cars are becoming more and more connected and connected car components (associated ECUs) are at risk as attack vector surface for connected is growing big. Following are few security attack areas of connected car solutions. ● OTA for software updates, remote diagnostics, Configuration updates ● EV vehicles require integrated connected solutions for charging infrastructure Vehicle Security Operations Center (VSOC) IDPS Systems (EVSE) ● IVI enables several Connected Car functionalities for various end user services ● V2X data enables various connected car solutions towards, body controls, vehicle control and others ● Autonomous Drive involves automation till SAE level 5. From SAE level 3, backend connectivity is emphasized for Monitoring, algorithms processing, analytics and control data download etc. Security of these functionalities, parameters extremely important in view of driver safety. ● An attack on cloud services can potentially enable the hacker to attack many cars ● CCC – Mobile based secure keys Most of the emerging cyber security attacks are initiated thru the Head Units. Head Unit is connected with Telematics, WiFi, BT, CAN, Mobiles and other interfaces. Also Head Unit will be connected to network Gateway which connects to all ECUs. All these interfaces may have several vulnerabilities and attackers can utilize various combinations for several attacks. EV eco system (ECUs, Sensors, backend server) & cyber security Challenges Electric Vehicle echo system consists of various ECUs, Electric Vehicle Service Equipment (EVSE) and backend-based software support modules. Some of the cyber security challenges are… ● Charging stations (EVSE): The ease of injection of corrupted messages into EVSE system that can trigger a system- ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● wide failure upon charging or at a pre-set time. A programmed malware software from vehicle ECUs can also attack the EVSE. Stealing credentials or influencing charging sessions via the EV-to-EVSE connection is one of possible examples. It is possible to sniff data on a CCS connection using unencrypted ISO 15118/DIN 70121 traffic, using a software defined radio (SDR) and disrupting the PLC communications. The Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) is commonly used between EVSE devices and backend or cloud networks to configure the charger and obtain charging parameters. Researchers / white hackers identified several methods to change OSCP commands and firmware to EVSE. Vulnerabilities related to old system / software design of EVSE. Communication of various interfaces of EVSE are not secured. Exfiltration of logs and configuration data Weak hashing, insecure bootloaders, firmware modification, JTAG interfaces allowed. Hard-coded credentials, improper cryptographic signatures verification, insecure password hashing, etc. Most of the EV vehicle electronic subsystems (ECUs) are ASIL C, D based functionalities. Tampering of parameters of any of these ASIL D functionalities will have serious effect on vehicle safety. The battery management system (BMS) senses the real-time charging/discharging status of the battery with parameters April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 33 CSMS Updates Incident Management EVSE echo system enhancements Research & White Hacking Synchronize with Value Chain Use SW ALM tools SUMS Updates R 156 Based Certificatio ns New Security Sources Cyber Security Product Life Manageme nt Automotiv e Cyber . Security Managem ent Automotive Technology Trends IDPS enhancements Optimized working model & echo system New identified CVEs Crypto Methods & HSM improveme nts EE Architecture Updates Standards Updates Code Testing for security VSOC enhancements Security of ASIL data, functionalities Distributed Cyber Security Echo System and Optimized Working model” terminal cell voltage, charging current, state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), cell temperature etc. of the battery. BMS comes up with the desired charging profile and communicates with the OBC controller accordingly. Under any circumstances if these communicated signals’ data are altered, it can severely impact the charging parameters/profile of the battery, which can grow fatal as well. Increased Safety Levels (ASIL C, D) functionalities & Impact of Cybersecurity Several Automotive ECUs today have ASIL C, D functionalities. Some of these functionalities are related to Braking, EV sub-systems, Steering, ADAS, Roll Control, Cruise Control and Powertrain and others. Now with Cyber Security implementation as new dimension of implementation, it is vital to have meticulous design & development methods to analyze the impact overall. Any slight tampering of safety parameters data or DOS of any functionalities can cause of huge impact of vehicle dynamic behavior. On the other hand, it is also important 34 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 & side effects of cybersecurity controls implemented. ● Impact on functional safety scenarios implementation. Some controls can introduce new assets ● Cyber Security life of ECUs is critical point for most OEM/T1s. Hence, effectiveness of Configuration Management Systems, Incident management processes may need to be strengthened time to time. to check ISO 26262 based design / implementation methods are opening any new vulnerabilities in the system. Some of the design centers implement the ISO 21434 first and then adopt to ISO 26262 into the design to see the impact of design methods wholistically. Safety and Security are very much interrelated and experts are following various methods like FMVEA (Failure Mode, Vulnerabilities and Effects Analysis) for elicitation of security & safety requirements along with other system requirements. Other Challenges ● Continuous risk assessment and mitigation is very essential in view of residual cyber security events and new threats. Since some products are in field and not updateable, corresponding risk needs to be mitigated. CSMS must prioritize the implementation of risk treatment options and schedule them into the release cycle. ● The CSMS should have methods / procedures to analyze the effectiveness An advanced cyber security echo system – Value chain Getting right cybersecurity implementation requires efforts from multiple stakeholders of value chain, for the entire digital lifecycle of modern vehicles. OEMs, vehicle components suppliers, semiconductor manufacturers, their valuechain partners will also be required to follow and implement state-of-the art practices to mitigate cybersecurity risks and produce vehicles that are secure by design. Distributed Cyber Security Echo System and Optimized Working model Automotive Cyber Security Echo System can be visualized at two levels. Every stakeholder in the security value chain may need an optimized working model to ensure that, process infrastructure, technical procedures & deployment methods are being upgraded time to time. At first level, establish the cyber security initiatives related to Research, elaboration of standards, Certifications and related background activities. ● Identifying new Cyber Security sources ● Research on whit hacking ● Research on IDPS ● Further establish standards ● Crypto Research ● HSM enhancements ● Establish right stakeholders of Cyber Security Value Chain ● Analyze Automotive Technology Trends from security perspective ● Understand Cyber Security Life of products ● Certification Needs ● Understand new age CVEs At second level, establish cyber security infrastructure, design methods, bringing research to the implementation, tools, methods to effectively manage security threats ● CSMS updates ● SUMS updates ● IDPS enhancements & deployment ● Evolution of advanced E&E architecture of various vehicles ● Design methods to handle Security and Safety ● Vehicle Security Operations Center (VSOC) enhancements & deployment ● SW ALM tools & enhancements ● EV-EVSE echo system enhancements ● Incident management Systems improvements ● Deploy Secure & Safety RTOS ● Advanced Telematics System ● Secure Gateway enhancements & deployment CSMS Management: Role of CSMS has been detailed in the WP.29 R155 clearly. CSMS Core team will be responsible for competency management of Cyber Security engineers and adopt continuous sustainable management systems to analyze / investigate above security challenges, perform remediation time to time. It is important to maintain CVE dockets as a part of CSMS along with methods to detect and mitigate them. They have to enforce continuous monitoring for over a decade after vehicles roll off the assembly inline order to keep in line with the certifications / standards. Need of Secure RTOS & good Software design An RTOS builds security into the system at the lowest level can help prevent attacks at the point of entry, whether the network or other physical devices. A secure RTOS and good software architecture can enable a number of key security methods that help to protect against malicious attacks. Some of these features are Multiple Independent Levels of Security, Data isolation, restricted periods task processing, Fault isolation, secure identification & authorization mechanism to verify a user, Authorization and privilege levels for all services, disallow insecure services, support the use of official encryption certificates, usage of industry standard cryptography libraries, Disable debug services, disable all non-essential services, MMU based Memory protection and isolation, Secure Boot Loading and Execution, Secure Data Storage, Residual information protection, Software update verification and others. Stakeholders OEMs generally takes lead role in setting, validate & inspect the SUMS infrastructure with value chain stakeholders time to time. Following figure illustrate the overall operations flow and key activities among these stake holders. Advanced Telematics Systems & Cyber Security Challenges: TCU is the entry point of the vehicle and bridges all the communication (from various ECUs) with the external world. Hence, Cyber Security of TCU is critical to ensure cyber security of vehicle. Following are few TCU based security scenarios and design considerations. ● Separate secure communication protocols / methods with OEM backend and AIS 140 based backend. ● Most of these TCUs have dual network provision. Security scenarios dealing network switching and vehicle operation modes are to be taken care. ● Security scenarios of CAN, Ethernet and wireless interfaces ● TCU maintains critical data of all vehicle ECUs for OTA SUMS provision which needs to be protected. Integrity of this high-volume data is critical for operations. ● The OTA Agent receives a SWC through secure communication. The Following figure illustrate the overall operations flow and key activities among these stake holders. SUMS infrastructure at OEM & R156 based SUMS echo system and Operations model April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire Advanced Telematics Systems & Cyber Security Challenges: | 35 ● ● ● ● Software Verifier / Activator verifies and activates the SWC, potentially involving authorization from a VSOC. Secure Remote Diagnostics of Vehicle Security scenarios of Telematics applications related to use cases like edge analytics, vehicle /customer relationship management and others. A software distribution Agent responsible for bringing new SW components into the different ECUs implemented with an ECU core partition. A service manager software initializes the SWC and starts its services after having integrity checks. Key Management software for the TCU and other ECUs. Secure Gateway An automotive Secure gateway serves a critical role in vehicle security. It performs data routing functions and supports other vehicle-wide applications like Data Routing: Routing of data on a path to reach its intended destination. It may be on different networks requiring protocol translation. Gateway ECU software need to have solid protection to this data so that attack path restricted up to Gateway only. Diagnostic Routing: Routing of diagnostic messages between external diagnostic devices and ECUs which may involve translation between diagnostic protocols such as DoIP and UDS. Firewall: Filtering inbound and outbound network traffic based on rules, disallowing data transfers from unauthorized sources. Advanced firewalls may include contextaware filtering. Intrusion Detection: Monitoring CAN Connected ECUs Ethernet Connected ECUs network traffic for anomalies that may indicate intrusion. Since most interfaces are primarily connected to this Unit, orchestration of IDPS of various sensor streams implemented in same unit instead of distributed IDPS based on Sensors primary connections in normal vehicle E/E architecture. EE Architecture: E/E architecture of a vehicle can greatly affect the data flow efficiency, enable advanced functionalities, cost optimization and cyber security as well. Most of the vehicle EE architectures have network gateways which bridges Telematics Control Unit and all other ECU networks. Connectivity between Gateway and internal ECUs are most connected with CAN / Ethernet. Since CAN & Ethernet protocols are widely known to industry, attackers can reach any ECU remotely. One good thought is to have completely customized – private – encrypted protocol (CPEP) between TCU and Network Gateway. While it is a non-standard method, it can limit the attack possibility till TCU only. Vehicle Technical Management & VSOC Product development teams and backend technical teams are expected to develop / upgrade design – development methods to cater the new age security challenges. ● Minimize the attack surface – Turn off features, services and access not necessary for most users to reduce the number of attack vectors into the system. Set the default configuration and behavior of the system to be as secure as possible. ● Software architecture should enable Telematics Unit Wireless Communication Ports Secure Network Gateway OBD FlexRay Connected ECUs Domain Controller 1 36 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 ● ● ● ● ● ● Domain Controller 2 ECU ECU ECU ECU multi-layered approach of defense and do not count on any one layer as providing complete protection. VSOC operations & technology should seamlessly integrate with the existing connected vehicle ecosystem, from telematics. Vehicle Simulator software are being utilized to simulate vehicle like conditions to understand impact on various chassis components and its functionalities. Tampering of various vehicle dynamics parameters can be simulated up to some extent to analyze safety functionalities and security impact on chassis components. Product Development organizations and VSOCs should constantly improve to drive use case engineering, improve detection algorithms, expand the monitoring of indicators of compromise, and optimize the investigation process. Configurable use cases (detection logic) and scalable ML/AI detection engines are some examples. A primary level Cyber Security Alert Management System may be required to quickly understand Cyber Security alerts in queue and initiate corrective actions. Analysis of these events to be taken up with VSOC processes & Product ECUs as well. Responsibilities include analyzing the vehicle data and suggesting applicable automotive use cases, detection rules and playbooks. Upgrading IDPS is one task to initiate improved detection and correction activities. To limit the volume of alerts to a consumable, manageable quantity, VSOCs should add layers of supporting data points that provide context and simplify the investigation process. The best defense from graffiti based ADAS attacks is to leverage multi-modal systems for image recognition with LiDAR, radar sensors, or cameras together by prove sensor fusion methods and tested to ensure that use cases of these attack vectors are taken care in the product software. IDPS Research: Security alerts observations to be taken up for deep analysis (includes classification of incidents, and advises on remediation procedures) of the data, identifies breaches in vehicle modules and backend. Orchestrating an Intrusion detection and Pro Active Security Analysis CAN PKI Infrastructure Security Controls Automotive Ethernet Security Alerts to VSOC OCPP events VSOC with Backend Radar Monitoring Lidar GPS Deep Analysis of data Security Alerts, events & Other relevant data V2V Prediction IDS / IPS FlexRay Security Analysis EVSE – ISO 15118 Security Controls Others Prevention system (IDPS) for these new age vehicles with growing cyber security observations is challenging task. Follow diagram illustrates the ideal need of an IDPS structure along with all sources of data communication. An ECU with IDPS is connected to the busses in the vehicle carrying the sensor/ input data. It passively monitors the bus traffic (e.g., CAN bus frames) and extracts the raw sensor data. A machine learning pipeline where raw data, e.g., from the CAN bus is prefiltered and aggregated to make it suitable for the following machine learning stage to detect threats and attacks. IDPS can create events about detected attacks. Incident Management: In view of exponential new age security threats, incident management plan implementation is critical and responsibility of entire cyber security echo system. Incident management process activities have to comply SUMS certification process and analyze software updates required for re-certification. ● Analyze information from ECUs, vehicle types, and other contextualized data. ● Standardize the mitigation of incidents and speed up the investigation process with best-practice playbooks. ● Perform root-cause analysis to unveil the tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) used by threat actors, study attack patterns with multiple attack views, and detect vulnerable components to enable effective long-term prevention. ● Capture risk-profiles for individual vehicles, vehicle types and their HW/SW components. EV & EVSE security protection scenarios: In order to protect the EVSE threat scenarios, it is recommended to design protection at various stages. This includes security between backend (power operator, OEM) and EVSE, EVSE systems security, security between EVSE and EV. Few key points are… The threats due to electric vehicle charging ports can be handled by utilizing three schemes, namely secure firmware updates, cryptographic signatures, and authentication schemes. Hardening of ISO 15118 communication with additional authentication mechanisms, confirming message validity etc. Secure EVSE internet interfaces with stronger encryption and TLS technologies. Host-based intrusion detection systems and tamper-resistant technologies for physical and logical access. Device-level security features, including secure storage, secure bootloaders, and other software/ hardware hardening technologies. References ● Addressing Cybersecurity in the Next Generation Mobility Ecosystem with CARAMEL Nikolaos Argyropoulosa*, Pouria Sayyad Khodashenasb, Orestis Mavropoulosa, Eirini Karapistolia, Anastasios Lytosc, Paris Alexandros Karypidisc, Klaus-Peter Hofmannd ● PERFECTING VEHICLE CYBER ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● SECURITY MONITORING WITH Argus VSOC Attacks and defences on intelligent connected vehicles: a survey Mahdi Dibaeia, Xi Zheng'a, Kun Jiangb , Robert Abbasc , Shigang Liud , Yuexin Zhangd , Yang Xiangd, Shui Yue In-Vehicle Communication Cyber Security: Challenges and Solutions Rajkumar Singh Rathore 1, Chaminda Hewage 1 , Omprakash Kaiwartya 2,* and Jaime Lloret. Cybersecurity in automotive Mastering the challenge – McKinsey report, March 2020 2022, GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE CYBERSECURITY REPORT AUTOMOTIVE CYBER THREAT LANDSCAPE IN LIGHT OF NEW REGULATIONS PROTECTING ELECTRIC VEHICLES Modern Cybersecurity Solutions and the Road to Revenue – By Upstream 2022 “ISO – CYBERSECURITY IN THE DRIVER’S SEAT,” https://www.iso.org/ news/ref2584.html https://www.iso.org/news/ref2584. html (accessed Sep. 05, 2022). “UN Regulation No. 155 – Cyber security and cyber security management system.” https:// unece.org/transport/documents/2021/03/ standards/un-regulation-no-155-cybersecurity-and-cyber-security (accessed Sep. 05, 2022). AUTHOR CHANDRASEKHAR KONAKALLA CEO SRI RUSHI CONSULTING SERVICES He has about 25+ years of experience in embedded space, having worked with Automotive Tier 1 and services organizations since last 14 years. In his last 3 roles he was VP – Engg Dept.; GM at Tata Elxsi; GM – Pricol Ltd.He has strong association with Automotive Cyber Security, Automotive Functional Safety, Body Electronics Products, Chassis Electronics Products, Telematics, Instrument Clusters, EV products. He has developed first generation virtual paged RTOS. April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 37 Technical Insight SAFE MOBILITY USING ADAS SAURABH NARWADE Expert Global Solutions E volution has always and primarily been a key factor in driving mankind toward perfection. We see ourselves far from the saturation point even after an impossible breakthrough. Maybe this never-ending endeavor has kept us and the markets running all this time. Even the consumer demands keep pushing the creators to deliver something new every time. When it comes to mobility, high stakes are riding on it. More than 70% of businesses depend on mobility. With the objective of optimizing these businesses, huge efforts have gone to enhance the automobile entities. Along with enhancing these entities, a focus on user convenience and comfort is given. In this phase of transformation, many businesses have even become obsolete while many have thrived by catching the pulse of the market. In recent times, the term ADAS has been gaining traction in the commercial and luxury vehicle market. The constant need of captivating users by delivering new features has propelled the overall mobility market. ADAS has been constantly evolving with an aim of minimizing human-induced errors and avoiding major mishaps. ADAS was once available for top-end luxury cars but now, ADAS is not just limited to premium segment vehicles but is also available for C and D-segment vehicles. ADAS when paired with the latest technological developments to help India in ensuring increased road safety will be a great gambit to look forward to. Genesis and rise of ADAS It all began in 1970 when the concept of an anti-lock braking system was introduced. This was used to provide grip to the tires in case of emergency. It was applied to airplanes, cars, trucks, etc. The adage Safe Mobility Using ADAS “Necessity is the mother of invention” still stands true. With the rise of the automotive market, the number of fatalities also started rising. In order to curtail humaninduced errors while driving, numerous attempts were made to provide assistance to the driver and to make driving safe. In the beginning, ADAS included blind spot information, anti-lock brakes, electronic stability control, etc. These features did help drivers to a certain extent but could not fulfill their desired objective. Globalization in India made way for many foreign companies to foray into the market and present world-class products to customers. In this race, Indian companies also adopted methods and techniques that would keep their position intact. It has been a challenge for carmakers to introduce the most advanced features to the most pricesensitive customers. But eventually, even the per capita disposable income grew, and Evolution has always primarily been a key factor in driving mankind toward perfection. 38 | Telematics Wire | April - and June 2023 We see ourselves far from the saturation point even after an impossible breakthrough. Maybe Figure: Type of Road Accidents: 2016-2021 customers started buying high-end luxury products. The Correlation between ADAS and Road Accidents If we were to gauge the efficacy and impact of ADAS, we would need to compute numbers. Considering the fact that ADAS gained momentum in the last decade, the number of road accidents also displayed a dip. European nations have been aggressively deploying ADAS in their vehicles for the last few years and as a result, the number of road traffic fatalities in 2009 was 34,000 and in 2019 the number stooped to 23,000. This evidently displays that the implementation of ADAS has lowered road casualties and this shows a significant correlation between ADAS and the number of road accidents. According to Dr.Barry Sheehan from Lero Research Institute, if ADAS is introduced across all vehicles, the number of road crashes would reduce by 23.8% approximately. If we look at the total number of overall accidents, we can see a slight dip in the numbers for consecutive years (except for 2020 due to Covid outbreak). In this span, ADAS was not prevalent in India and still, we could see this dip. ADAS now being commercialized to most car segments, could even make these numbers fall further. 5G and Connected Cars Communication has always been beneficial for humans. Better the communication, better the clarity and corresponding output. This could be applicable to cars as well. We would see talking cars only in sci-fi movies and never could have imagined if this all could be real until the advent of 5G. 5G is the technology that every ADAS developer was waiting for because of its low latency. With its huge and diverse applications, 5G could further expand the ADAS market and exhume obscure possibilities. In a Utopian automotive world, connected cars can facilitate 360 degrees of awareness with a range of 300 meters. There are several applications in a connected car world. An intersection movement assist application can warn drivers when there are other vehicles approaching the intersection. Overtaking has always been a daunting task for drivers. If there is a heavy Source: GOI, Transport Research Wing (www.morth.nic.in) conditions. In harsh weather conditions vehicle ahead of a car and the visibility to Ifovertake we lookisatlimited, the total number of overall accidents, we visibility can see a isslight in the numbers where low, dip connected cars canfor then, the heavy vehicle consecutive years (except forcar 2020 due to outbreak). In this ADAS was this span, information to not other can communicate with the about theCovidcommunicate prevalent in of India and still,after we could see this dip. ADAS to most cars. Thisnow waybeing all thecommercialized cars in that specific probability overtaking computing car numbers fall further. zone could stay alert. thesegments, scenario could ahead even of it.make An these emergency brake light warning application notifies the driver when an out-of-sight vehicle which is several cars ahead is braking. Cars when equipped with such interoperable network and wireless communication among themselves could give rise to safe mobility in true sense. This type of network and communication is only possible through 5G as of now. The recent development of smart tyre system where sensors present in tyres can senseand the Connected surrounding Cars environment and 5G provide real-time information on road Government Policies and their Impact Indian government’s move of enabling telecom providers such as Airtel and Jio to conduct 5G trials could work well in favor of India’s automobile market. The government has been on its toes to make mobility safe by all means possible. Be it building top-notch highways for transit, funding research institutes to build in-house ADAS capabilities, or drafting ADASrelated policies. Minister of Road Transport April - June | Telematics Wire | 39 Communication has always been beneficial for2023 humans. Better the communication, clarity and corresponding output. This could be applicable to cars as well. We would s cars only in sci-fi movies and never could have imagined if this all could be real until t Road Ahead such as overspeeding, drunken driving, and lack of road discipline which are primary causes of road accidents. To monitor and control overspeeding, RFID technology could prove to be beneficial where RFID tags can be used to detect speed. The dilemma of drunken driving is countered by Driver Monitoring System (DMS) where the system reads the facial cues and slows down the vehicle if the driver is drowsy. And the most important of all, Road Discipline, could either be achieved with the collective efforts of citizens or by levying heavy penalties for disobeying the rules. ADAS is being extended to trucks as well considering the difficulty level of driving involved. This difficulty paired with harsh weather conditions can give rise to severe accidents. Road edge detection system can provide meaningful assistance to truck drivers in this case. This system would detect the edges of the roads and avoid collisions. In addition to these, animal run Level 5 vehicles on dedicated circuits. and Highways, Mr. Nitin Gadkari has been n the most developed nations ADAS. presence on highways also causes a lot of planning to make certain ADAS have features faced severe challenges while implementing The Road Ahead mishaps. A counter-measure to this is an mandatory. Features such as Autonomous US itself recorded 400 car crashes in 11 Months that involved automated technology. After animal detection system where the cameras, Emergency Braking (AEB) and Electronic Even the most developed nations have lacing technology entirely at the forefront may not be the utopian world carmakers would infrared, and thermal sensors would be Stability Control (ESC) could be made faced severe challenges while implementing setup in hotspots. This system could mandatory in Indian vehicles by thisto year’s The to US it. itself recorded 400 car imagined. There certainly has be a ADAS. balance identify animal activity and inform drivers end. On a corresponding note, many crashes in 11 Months that involved well in advance via digital and connected carmakers have already been presenting automated technology. After all, placing billboards. Here, ARAI (Automotive such features. Mahindra’s XUV 700 has technology entirely at the forefront may Research Association of India) could lead AEB, traffic sign recognition, lane keep not be the utopian world carmakers would the consortium of OEMs and tier 1 firms to assist, forward collision warning, and blind have imagined. There certainly has to be a build and deploy this ecosystem. view monitor. TATA Motors and Honda balance to it. In true sense, India’s victory lies in City E-Hybrid have followed suit. Owing In India, there are different sets of hurdles making ADAS available and feasible for to this trend, many other carmakers would right from underdeveloped infrastructure most consumers across the country and be readily implementing ADAS features in to over populous streets. But being the making a revolutionary change in its road their cars. If this development keeps its pace fastest-evolving market, India is adopting mobility practices. It has to start with steady, in a few years we would see even technology at a commendable rate. India people. It has to start with collective efforts basic models possessing these features and a has been deploying the entire AI/ML and resounding unison. As it is rightly said, reduction in the rate of car accidents. cycle locally. Right from the most primitive “Technology is best when it brings people As of now, Indian cars have ADAS Level step such as data collection to the final together”. 2 features and could go up to level 4 in the step involving AI model building is being Major companies who have been coming times. The road to implementing carried out in India itself. This is a display of pioneering in ADAS are Mercedes, Audi, completely autonomous carsAuthor is fraught with India’s independence from foreign entities. Introduc,on Bosch, Continental, Valeo, etc. Along with major challenges but, it is surely possible to Although, India has to grapple with issues these giants, Expert Global Solutions has been one of the early vendors providing AUTHOR services such as data collection, data SAURABH NARWADE annotation, embedded development, IoT PRESALES CONSULTANT framework, etc. Recently, Expert Global EXPERT GLOBAL SOLUTIONS Solutions merged with Alten Group which Saurabh Narwade began his professional career in Expert Global is a global leader in Engineering and Solutions as a Software Engineer and has worked on various verticals of ADAS since 2016. Having led teams for projects such Technology Consulting. This collaboration as KPI Analyses, Operations Management, and Data Annotation, he will further strengthen the market traction has attained proficiency in the techno-commercial domain. for both companies. 40 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 Mr. Saurabh Narwade Presales Consultant at Expert Global Solu,ons (An Alten Company) Technical Insight TELEMATICS IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES NISHCHAL CHAUDHARY BattRE Electric Mobility T elematics, in the most straightforward sense, is the integrated use of telecommunications and information technology to send, receive, and store data. It is a key component of the Internet of Things (IoT), as it allows devices to communicate with each other in real-time. Consequently, telematics, as a communication technology and a decision support science, has today grown in popularity both among the manufacturers as well as the users of this discipline. In a nutshell, vehicle telematics combines automotive technology with computer science, communications tech, data sciences, and locational systems such as GPS to create new opportunities for digitalized automobiles, both 2- and 4-wheeler and everything else too, in order to generate increased and better outcomes operational efficiency, improved flexibility, and, in general, all-around better results. The origin of telematics can be traced back to the early 1960s when the first satellite communications systems were developed. These early systems were designed to transmit voice and data over long distances, enabling communication between remote locations and the rest of the world. However, the cost and complexity of these systems meant that they were primarily used by the military and government agencies. It was not until the 1990s that telematics began to emerge as a commercial technology, driven by advances in microelectronics and wireless communications. The first telematics systems were developed for the automotive industry, with the goal of improving vehicle safety and performance. The first commercial application of telematics was in the trucking industry, where it was used to improve fleet management and optimize delivery routes. Telematics systems were also used in the insurance industry. In the early 2000s, telematics began to expand beyond the automotive and insurance industries, with applications in areas such as healthcare, logistics, and energy management. Today, telematics has become a ubiquitous technology, with applications in virtually every industry and sector. The development of advanced sensors, artificial intelligence, and cloud-based computing has further expanded the capabilities of telematics, enabling realtime data analysis and insights that were once impossible. Looking to the future, telematics is poised to play an even greater role in shaping the way we live, work, and interact with the world around us. What has happened recently, especially with environmental consciousness taking a more prominent position amongst manufacturers and buyers as well as with policymakers, Electric Vehicles are growing in number and intensity. This has led to a new wave of telematics solutions designed specifically to address the challenges of transitioning to and operating an EV fleet—electric vehicle telematics. Electric vehicle telematics is simply the application of automotive telematics systems to electrified fleets. EV telematics allows fleet managers to run more efficient fleets and adapt to the inevitable changes that are coming with electric vehicles. The technical building blocks Electric Vehicle Telematics technology typically involves several different components. The first is a telematics device, which is installed in the vehicle and is responsible for collecting data. This device can be either a standalone unit or integrated into the vehicle’s onboard computer system. The data collected by the device is transmitted wirelessly to a central server, which can be accessed by authorized users through a web portal or other interface. Telematics devices typically include several types of sensors to collect different types of data. These sensors can include GPS sensors, which are used to track the vehicle’s location and speed, as well as accelerometers, which can be used to detect sudden changes in speed or direction. Other sensors may include fuel level sensors, engine diagnostics sensors, and driver behaviour sensors, which can be used to monitor factors such as harsh braking, acceleration, and cornering. In practical terms, a vehicle which is integrated with telematics usually has a robust, crash-resistant, ‘black box’ with a complex electronic control unit (ECU) inside it. This black box also referred to as the T-Box, is the core telematics control unit (TCU). The TCU has various components, but broadly it comprises the following: ECU Network – Inside the vehicle, there is an interconnected network of automotive ECUs which help the Telematics Control Unit to collect vehicle data such as engine temperature, vehicle speed, diagnostics information, etc. Telematics Control Unit (TCU) – This control unit is the heart of the telematics device. It has communication interfaces with the vehicle’s CAN (Controller Area Network) bus and the IoT cloud server, streamlines Human Machine Interface data streams, and manages the memory and battery of the device as well. The bidirectional communication with the cloud server is established through a cellular, LTE, or GPRS network. IoT Cloud Server – The information April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 41 that is collected by the telematics control unit is shared with the cloud-based telematics server through a highly secure GPRS or cellular network. On the IoT cloud platform, the data is extracted and stored in databases for processing. The industry landscape The industry applications of telematics are today considerably mainstreamed, and it is no longer just an academic or frontier engineering discipline as it was perhaps a couple of decades ago. Consequently, telematics has acquired an industry complexion on its own merit and potential. The global market size of the telematics industry was valued at $35.4 billion in 2020, and it is projected to grow to $62.2 billion by 2025, with a CAGR of 12.0% during the forecast period. This growth is driven by the increasing demand for advanced safety and security features in vehicles, the rise in the use of connected car services, and the need for better fleet management. This industry is also characterized by the growing use of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and the Internet of Things (IoT). These technologies are being used to develop more sophisticated telematics solutions that can provide real-time data on electric vehicle performance, driver behaviour, and environmental conditions. The industry is dominated by a few key players but there are also many smaller companies that specialize in specific areas of the telematics industry, such as fleet management or vehicle tracking. Geographically, the telematics industry is dominated by North America and Europe, which together account for more than 60% of the global market share. This is due to the high penetration of connected car services in these regions, as well as the presence of major telematics companies. Globally, according to a recent report, the automotive telematics market is poised for rapid growth over the next few years, with 88 per cent of new vehicles (roughly 104 million) expected to have some form of connectivity by 2025. In India, the commercial telematics market size was around 1,212 million USD and is expected to touch 3,640 million by 2028, growing at a CAGR of 19 per cent between these years. EV telematics’ solutions In a broad sweep, electric vehicle telematics providers typically offer a combination of IoT vehicle telematics solutions, cloud, hardware, and software solutions, including GPS tracking, cloud-based platforms with easy integration for multiple partners, telematics sensors, fleet management software, streamlined and accessible dashboard with visualizations, reporting capabilities, automated and configurable notifications and alarms, compliance parameters, and real-time AI integration for early warnings and instant insights. Telematics integration with CASE (CONNECTED, AUTONOMOUS, SHARED, ELECTRIC) vehicles is becoming increasingly popular. While it has been commonplace for higher-end electric vehicles such as the latest four-wheelers, including commercial vehicles and PVs to have telematics as a standard inclusion along with many rider assistance features, this has now started gradually getting picked up in the two-wheeler segment as well. The two-wheeler industry is ringing in an era of intelligent motorbikes and e-scooters, integrated with telematics and smartassistance capabilities. The integration of Looking to the future, telematics integration with CASE vehicles is expected to become even more advanced. Autonomous features, such as lane-keeping and adaptive cruise control, are being developed to make driving safer and more efficient 42 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 these digital features is expected to take the motorcycling experience to a whole new level! Applications galore In the context of 2-wheeled electric vehicles, telematics has numerous cuttingedge applications that are transforming the riding experience and enhancing safety and efficiency. These can be roughly encapsulated as under: Real-time tracking and monitoring: Telematics can enable real-time tracking and monitoring of electric 2-wheeled vehicles. This can be useful for fleet management, vehicle security, and locationbased services. Real-time tracking can also help riders navigate unfamiliar roads and plan their routes more efficiently. Predictive maintenance: Telematics can also be used to monitor the health of the EV and predict when maintenance is needed. This can help riders avoid breakdowns and prevent costly repairs. Rider behaviour analysis: Telematics can also be used to analyse rider behaviour and provide feedback to riders on how they can improve their riding skills. This can help riders reduce their risk of accidents and improve fuel efficiency. Safety features: Telematics can also be used to enhance safety features on 2-wheeled electric vehicles. For example, sensors can detect when a rider is in danger and automatically trigger safety features such as anti-lock brakes, traction control, and airbags. Connected services: Telematics can enable a range of connected services for 2-wheeler riders. For example, riders can use telematics systems to access information on traffic conditions, weather, and nearby amenities such as gas stations and restaurants. Insurance: Telematics can also be used to enhance insurance services for EV 2-wheeler riders. Insurance companies can use telematics data to offer personalized insurance products based on riders’ driving behaviour. The proliferation of electric vehicles has monitoring, and focus on solutions that offer those features. Use Open-Source Solutions: Consider open-source telematics solutions, if possible. Consider Subscription-Based Services: Some telematics vendors offer subscription-based services that can be more affordable compared to purchasing hardware and software outright. The telematics industry is a fast-growing sector that is driven by the increasing demand for connected car and 2-wheeler services, advanced safety and security features, and better fleet management solution led to a new wave of telematics solutions designed specifically to address the challenges of transitioning to and operating an EV fleet—electric vehicle telematics. Caveats and limitations While electric vehicle telematics has the potential to transform transportation, there are also several limitations and challenges that need to be addressed. Here are some of the most significant challenges: Data Privacy and Security: Telematics generates a large amount of data, and ensuring the privacy and security of this data is a significant challenge. Unauthorized access to this data can lead to theft or misuse of personal information, and the potential for cyber-attacks is also a concern. Cost: Telematics hardware, software, and services can be expensive, especially for small and medium-sized businesses. The cost of implementation and maintenance can be a barrier to entry for some companies. Technical Complexity: Telematics technology is complex and it can be challenging for some companies to implement and maintain. Interoperability: There are many different telematics systems and providers, and ensuring interoperability between these systems can be a challenge. This can lead to inefficiencies and increased costs. Connectivity: Telematics requires a reliable and robust connectivity infrastructure. In some areas, especially in developing countries, the availability and quality of connectivity may be limited. Regulatory Compliance: Telematics data is subject to regulations such as data privacy and security laws. Companies need to ensure that they are compliant with these regulations, which can be a challenge in some regions. Horizons ahead The most critical advances in vehicle telematics include connected cars, 2-wheelers, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, and intelligent transport systems. Connected EV technology offers drivers and riders additional safety, convenience, and entertainment features through the use of cellular data and GPS. V2V communication allows vehicles to connect with one another and exchange data, such as speed and direction, for improved safety and automated driving. Looking to the future, telematics integration with CASE vehicles is expected to become even more advanced. Autonomous features, such as lane-keeping and adaptive cruise control, are being developed to make driving safer and more efficient. Additionally, telematics systems will be used in conjunction with other smart technologies, such as on-vehicle entertainment, to provide an even more complete and assured experience to drivers and riders. The telematics industry is a fast-growing sector that is driven by the increasing demand for connected car and 2-wheeler services, advanced safety and security features, and better fleet management solutions. With the use of advanced technologies such as AI and IoT, the industry is expected to continue to grow at a rapid pace in the coming years. Overall, these limitations and challenges need to be addressed to ensure that telematics technology can reach its full potential. By addressing these challenges, telematics has the potential to provide significant benefits to transportation companies, governments, and society as a whole. Optimizing integration It is true that telematics integration in electric vehicles can be expensive, particularly for small and medium-sized businesses. However, there are several measures that can be taken to reduce the cost of telematics integration: Consider the Total Cost of Ownership: When evaluating different telematics solutions, it’s important to consider the total cost of ownership, not just the upfront costs. Select a Scalable Solution: When choosing a telematics solution, consider one that can be scaled up or down depending on your needs. Leverage Existing Technology: If vehicles already have other technologies present, look for telematics solutions that can integrate with these. Focus on Key Features: Identify the most critical features for your business, such as GPS tracking or driver behaviour AUTHOR NISHCHAL CHAUDHARY FOUNDER, BATTRE ELECTRIC MOBILITY Nishchal Chaudhary is an Indian entrepreneur and the founder of BattRE Electric Mobility, which is a start-up focused on manufacturing and selling electric scooters in India. He started BattRE Electric Mobility in 2017, with the aim of providing eco-friendly and sustainable mobility solutions to the Indian market. April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 43 Industry Insight ELECTRIC VEHICLES FOR ALL BHARATH RAJAN Tessolve SemiConductors Pvt Ltd. E lectric vehicles (EVs) have come a long way since their inception in the early 19th century. At the time, EVs were primarily used for short distances and as city cars. Today, EVs have a range that can compete with internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, and they are rapidly becoming more affordable. The world is rapidly changing, and EVs are an integral part of the shift towards a more sustainable future. In this article, we will explore the evolution of EVs and the current state of the industry, including their benefits, challenges, and future prospects. Electric vehicles (EVs) have become increasingly popular in recent years, as people seek more sustainable and environmentally-friendly transportation options. These vehicles use electric motors and battery packs to power them, rather than traditional internal combustion engines that rely on fossil fuels. One of the primary benefits of EVs is their environmental impact. Since they do not rely on fossil fuels, they produce zero emissions, which is a huge benefit for the environment. Another benefit of EVs is their energy efficiency. Unlike traditional gaspowered vehicles, EVs use energy much more efficiently, meaning they can travel further on a single charge. This is because electric motors are much more efficient at converting energy into motion than internal combustion engines. As battery technology continues to improve, the range of EVs is also increasing, making them a more viable option for longer trips. State of the EV Market According to a report by the International Energy Agency (IEA), the global stock of EVs surpassed 10 million in 2020, up from just over 2 million in 2016. This growth is being driven by a combination of factors, including government incentives and regulations, improvements in battery technology, and increasing consumer demand for sustainable transportation options. However, the electric vehicle has two major drawbacks - range and cost. Range Range is a key consideration for many EV buyers, as it affects how practical the vehicle is for day-to-day use. In general, the range of an EV depends on several factors, including the size and capacity of the battery, the efficiency of the vehicle’s electric motor, and driving conditions such as speed, terrain, and temperature. Early EVs had relatively short ranges, typically around 150 kms on a single charge. However, as battery technology has improved, so has the range of EVs. Today, many modern EVs have ranges of over 300 kms, with some high-end models boasting ranges of more than 450 kms. For example, the Tesla Model S Long Range Plus has an EPA-rated range of 600 kms, making it one of the longest-range EVs on the sel 44 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 rieht ecn market. Other EVs with long ranges include the Audi e-tron with a range of up to 350 kms, the Ford Mustang Mach-E with a range of up to 450 kms, and the Chevrolet Bolt with a range of up to 400 kms. While longer range is generally considered a good thing, it’s important to note that it comes at a cost. A larger battery pack, which is necessary for longer range, adds weight and cost to the vehicle. Additionally, larger battery packs take longer to charge, which can be a drawback for some drivers. Cost While EVs can save money over time on fuel and maintenance costs, they often have a higher initial price tag than traditional gaspowered vehicles. This can make them less accessible to people with lower incomes. The Math it slower to accelerate, while a lighter battery It is known that the cost of batteries weight of the battery pack can have a significant impact on thethe performance and handlingand of can improve vehicle’s performance in an EV is roughly 40-50% of the vehicle The A mid size EV today costs roughly 20 lakh handling. cost. This, along with overheads adds to the the vehicle. rupees and its battery costs roughly 10 lakh A heavier battery can reduce the range of the vehicle and make it slower to The lower weight of the battery also overall cost of the vehicle and makes it very rupees. This gives a range of approximately accelerate, while a lighter battery can improve the vehicle's performance and handling. contributes to increase in range. expensive and unaffordable to the general 350-400 kms. The lower weight the battery contributes So,inbyrange. using the range extender pack public. Now, if theofbattery size isalso reduced by half to increase the OEMs can sell the cars at a much lesser thus providing a range of 200kms, which Solution and people only pay for price what and they use. of extender daily commute, is can price So, is bygood usingenough the range pack thethere OEMs sell the cars at a much lesser This would in turn make electric vehicles almost a reduction of 25% of the cost of the The solution to these two problems is what people only pay for what they use. This would in turn make electric vehicles much more much more affordable. vehicle. I call as the “Range Extender Pack”(REP). Overall, the future of EVs looks bright, As the name suggests, the pack increases affordable. with increasing demand, technological Lithium-ion batteries, which are the the range of the vehicle by at least 50%. advancements, and government support mostthecommon of battery used increasing in REPs are nothing but batteries that can Overall, future of type EVs looks bright, with demand, technological advancements, expected to drive the market forward. As the EVs, typically weigh between 200-500 kgs, be attached to a vehicle to provide a higher and government support expected to drive the market forward. As the cost and range of EVs cost and range of EVs continue to improve, depending on their size and capacity. For range. to improve, andpack charging infrastructure more widespread, we can expect more to see and charging infrastructure becomes example, the battery in a Tesla Model S becomes The vehicles will have to be modified in continue widespread, we can expect to see electric weighs around 500 kgs and has a capacity of such a way to have two or more slots under electric vehicles become a more mainstream choice for consumers. The shift towards electric vehicles become a more mainstream choice 100 kWh, while the battery in a Nissan Leaf the door of the vehicle where these batteries mobility is an important step towards a more sustainable future, with the potential to for consumers. The shift towards electric weighs around 150 kgs and has a capacity of can be attached. air isquality in cities around the world. mobility an important step towards a 40 kWh.reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve Just the way ICE powered vehicles have significantly more sustainable future, with the potential The weight of the battery pack can have gas stations, the EVs will have REP stations to significantly reduce greenhouse gas a significant impact on the performance and that consumers can reach to attach the emissions and improve air quality in cities handling of the vehicle. A heavier battery battery packs when headed for a long drive. around the world. can reduce the range of the vehicle and make These REP stations will be installed across the country to ensure ease of access AUTHOR and flexibility. Once the trip is done, the consumer can BHARATH RAJAN TEAM LEAD go back to the REP station to deposit the TESSOLVE SEMICONDUCTORS PVT LTD. battery packs. Bharath Rajan has close to 7 years of experience in the automotive The consumer is charged based on the domain. He is from an engineering background majoring in time of usage of the pack and the kilometers About the Author Electronics and Communication. Although he started out run on the pack. his career theclose embedded domain,ofhis passion forinvehicles Bharath Rajaninhas to 7 years experience This kind of arrangement also ensures the automotive gravitated himdomain. towards the core of the automotive sector. He has He is from an engineering worked on many core modules in passenger cars across multiple the EVs have a short recharge time on a day background Electronics OEMs andmajoring is currently in handling the role ofand a Team lead in Tessolve to day basis. Communication. he started out his career SemiConductorsAlthough Pvt Ltd. in the embedded domain, his passion for vehicles gravitated him towards the core of the automotive sector. He has worked on many core modules passenger cars acrossWire multiple April - in June 2023 | Telematics | 45 OEMs and is currently handling the role of a Team lead in Tessolve SemiConductors Pvt Ltd. Perspective BETTER EV ADOPTION IS NOT JUST AN INFRASTRUCTURE PROBLEM AKSHAY SHARMA Intents Mobi W hy would they put such ugly wheel covers on these beautiful wheels” was the first thing I said when I got the chance to drive one of the premium electric cars available in India. Of course it isn’t the only car with such wheel covers, nor is this the only design element on electric cars that favours aerodynamics over aesthetics. And that made me wonder why! Not why it was being done on electric cars, but rather why it wasn’t being done to this extent on all the cars. Better aerodynamics should make all the cars more efficient, no? Well, some quick reading revealed the simple answer was indeed yes, and while I am starting with a seemingly disconnected topic of car designs instead of what the title promises, it turns out, it has more role to play than we thought. The common misconception is that EVs are less efficient at higher speeds, however, the reality is that the motors have the same efficiency throughout their operating speed range. The IC engine on the other hand, has a significantly lower efficiency throughout except for a small window of engine speed. Which is why they need gearboxes and at highway speeds, it simply is easier to stay in the efficient range of the engine with more consistent cruising speeds. According to Thomas Wiegand, manager of aerodynamics R&D at Porsche, drag accounts for 30% to 40% of losses in electric cars on the WLTP drive cycle, possibly rising to 50% in the real world. In comparison, losses due to drag account for just 10% of the overall losses in combustion-engine cars. (source: https://www.autocarpro. in/feature/tech-talk-why-electric-car- Image source: Pexels 46 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 aerodynamics-are-so-important-113408 ) Because aerodynamic drag is a function of the square of vehicle speed, and because EVs are many times more efficient than ICE vehicles, the fuss over vehicle design and the heavy emphasis on aerodynamics in EVs makes a lot of sense. Taking the same approach on ICE vehicles, while potentially beneficial, isn’t as important because there are many other sources of inefficiency and there is more airflow needed through certain parts like radiators and brakes. Apart from that, weather, temperature, average speeds, terrain and altitude all have a magnified role to play in the efficiency of electric vehicles, and thus in EV routing. This however means that these external factors play a very crucial role in how the ecosystem for EVs has to be built and can’t be dismissed. But let’s start with the broader EV landscape. Most people would agree that the biggest challenges in widespread EV adoption are range anxiety and minimal public charging infrastructure. Both true, but there are layers that hide beneath these two headlines. Manufacturers are currently putting major focus on battery capacities and maximum range whenever they advertise their electric vehicles, particularly cars. Offering battery capacities as high as reasonably possible at a certain price point is a low hanging fruit, more so for premium vehicles where costs are less of a consideration. This reduces some of the worries of potential buyers, particularly in the early days of adoption when they are making a bet with their hard earned money on something out of the norm, likely covering a higher percentage of usage scenarios without having to rely on public chargers. But it still can’t get rid of it altogether. Moreover, the approach to have large capacity batteries is only transitional and can’t be the long term strategy for mass adoption of EVs. It not only has restrictions, like increased cost and higher weight, but also has a higher environmental impact and added road safety concerns, not exactly the best outcome. Due to increased weight, the safety concern and increased particulate emission, from brakes and tyres, has been highlighted widely by different bodies, including IIHS in US (source https:// theevreport.com/ev-weight-poses-safetychallenges-says-iihs-chief) . Even the auto companies know and acknowledge this but it is needed to drive the initial adoption with limited infrastructure. So clearly a better answer lies with the EV charging infrastructure and that’s where it gets interesting. The EV charging market has caught the interest of not just automakers and oil companies but also a lot of new entrants who are looking to grow with the market. The initial charging infrastructure has evolved based on available locations and density of vehicles. Malls, office buildings, public parkings, highway hotspots, commercial hubs - the choices so far have been the usual suspects based on the target users and these all make a lot of sense. However, as they continue to expand their footprint to cater to the growing EV market, the location choices would be less obvious than they seem right now. For EVs to enter the mainstream and to remove the concerns associated with EV adoption, we need multiple layers of data to have robust EV routing systems. Setting up an EV charging network, or even using the existing network to its full potential, isn’t as simple as it was with fuel stations. There are only two to three primary products sold by a fuel station so the only challenge to address is to have enough of them to serve the vehicles with minimum range. There are multiple standards for EV charging that already exist and as companies continue to innovate to get faster charging, we are still some way from having a common standard. This means that routing solutions not only have to accommodate for presence of a charger but also for charger type and whether it is supported by the vehicle. Another major factor in EV routing is the nature of terrain. Inclines, as is the case with ICEs too, drive up the energy Image source: Pexels consumption, however, unlike ICEs, EVs also have the advantage of regenerative braking which helps in recovering some of the energy on downhill stretches. This means that the variation in range between plains and hills might not be as obvious as it may seem. Road conditions and traffic flow also have to be accounted for along with the terrain and altitude to get better estimates on vehicle range. Weather, on both extremes, doesn’t play well with EV range. Extreme cold weather reduces the battery range significantly. We have already seen countless instances of issues like range dropping suddenly or restricted performance in parts of the world where weathers reach the lower extremes. Hot weather also affects the range in a similar way, while also reducing vehicle performance and the charging speeds. So while at the first glance, the answer to the EV routing problem seems to have fairly straightforward answer just like fuel stations, it has a lot more nuances to it. The added variables make it vastly more complicated and what this small piece talks about is just the tip of it. However, we are undergoing this transition towards EVs in an ever connected, data driven world. We are in a time when we are equipped with data to be able to create efficient, sustainable solutions. We, at Intents Mobi, are generating or using this data to aid this process. Data that is not only crucial for routing of electric vehicles but even long before that, to plan out the EV charging ecosystem itself. Planning not only for where to optimally install EV chargers but also to account for the power loads and the fluctuations as the variables change. Data that can help us make informed decisions on how to maximise the impact of any infrastructure investments made for EV charging and catalyse the adoption of EVs by the masses. So while the automakers focus on making batteries cleaner and smaller, we have to look at the right data to move towards an electric future. AUTHOR AKSHAY SHARMA FOUNDING MEMBER INTENTS MOBI Akshay is a Founding Member / Product Manager at the mobility and location intelligence startup Intents Mobi. An active voice of road safety, he has a deep passion for automobiles and motorsports. At Intents Mobi, his prime focus is towards technology solutions that have the potential to create a safer, more efficient and sustainable future for transportation April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 47 Perspective 10 BEST ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED ANDROID APPS IN 2023 HARIKRISHNA KUNDARIYA eSparkBiz Technologies H ave you had enough of Android’s seemingly unending lists of subpar app options? AI has completely transformed how we use our cell phones in the modern day. Applications driven by artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly embedded in our daily lives, from simple tasks like speech recognition to more complex ones like making personalized suggestions. Telematicswire, an industry leader in telematics and automotive technology, has compiled a list of the top AI-based Android apps you must have on your phone in 2023. So kick back, relax, and prepare to dive headfirst into the cutting edge of mobile technology with Telematicswire’s recommended artificial intelligence (AI)based Android apps. Google Assistant Google Assistant is a prime example of an Android smartphone more intuitive and simple. Google Assistant is getting more personalized with the help of AI, giving users ideas and recommendations according to their tastes and interests. One of the distinguished features is its ability to interact with other Google products such as Maps, Calendar, and Translate. Thanks to its powerful AI algorithms, Google Assistant is growing more proactive in anticipating user needs and delivering relevant ideas. Netflix Netflix is one of the world’s most prominent streaming services, and its usage of artificial intelligence has played an important role in its success. Netflix’s robust recommendation algorithm allows it to recommend series and movies to customers based on their viewing history, ratings, and other preferences, making it easier for viewers to discover stuff they might have missed otherwise. Netflix can uncover trends and patterns in user data that assist in driving its content creation decisions, resulting in the creation of content that is both high-quality and appealing to its audience. YouTube YouTube is a video-sharing app that has revolutionized how people find and watch video content online. One of YouTube’s most significant features is its ability to personalize recommendations for each user by utilizing artificial intelligence to assess their watching behaviour and deliver tailored recommendations for new videos. YouTube’s usage of AI has been crucial to its success, with the platform’s recommendation system growing more exact over time. YouTube can offer content likely to interest each user by analyzing massive amounts of data, keeping them engaged and returning for more. Instagram Instagram is a popular social media platform offering various capabilities to its users in the realm of artificial intelligencebased Android apps. The capacity of the app to leverage AI in its algorithmic feed is very useful, ensuring that users are shown material that is personalized to their likes and interests. Instagram has become a popular medium for businesses and influencers to sell their products and services and build their brand’s thanks to the application of AI. artificial intelligence has improved the 10how Best Artificial Intelligence-Based Android Apps in 2023 entire user experience of Android apps. Its ability to interpret natural language and speech has made numerous operations on Prisma With the help of AI and neural networks, the photo-editing tool Prisma can turn your photos into breathtaking art pieces. With the help of this app’s remarkable selection of filters, you can transform your photos into works of art by world-famous artists like Van Gogh and Picasso. Prisma’s AI-based capabilities make it simple for users to transform their 48 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 Have you had enough of Android's seemingly unending lists of subpar app options? AI has completely transformed how we use our cell phones in the modern day. Applications driven by straightforward photos into breathtaking works of art with just a few touches.. Facebook Facebook is a social networking application that enables people to connect with acquaintances, share experiences, and keep up with current events. The software includes several functions, including texting, live broadcasting, and a marketplace where users may buy and sell items. Users can create and attend social gatherings using Facebook events. The app uses artificial intelligence to tailor users’ experiences, delivering relevant content and increasing overall engagement. Facebook is a prominent social network with over two billion active users from all walks of life and ages. MyFitnessPal My FitnessPal is a well-liked fitness app that uses artificial intelligence to monitor dietary consumption and physical activity levels. The app’s food database is extensive, and it can scan barcodes so you can keep track of what you eat in a flash. Meal plans can be tailored to your tastes and constraints in MyFitnessPal. The software is compatible with fitness trackers like Apple Health and Fitbit, so you can monitor your development. WhatsApp Using end-to-end encryption, WhatsApp is a messaging app that provides safe userto-user communication. The software is now more capable of identifying and blocking spam communications thanks to AI. WhatsApp’s group chats, status updates, and voice calls allow users to stay in touch with their loved ones. Due to the app’s audio and video calling features, which enable users to make free international calls, it is a well-liked method of communication. With more than two billion active users worldwide, WhatsApp is a dependable and practical platform for keeping in touch with friends and family. Hound Hound is a voice assistant application powered by AI that uses natural language processing to understand and answer complicated questions. It can provide flight information, rates, and directions and clarify its understanding through follow-up inquiries. Users may use voice commands to access functions such as music playback and weather forecasts, making the app useful for hands-free engagement. TikTok TikTok is a popular AI-based social networking application, especially with younger users. The app is very interesting because of its algorithmic feed, which offers tailored recommendations based on the user’s behaviour. Users may demonstrate their creativity and technical prowess by sharing short musical films with their followers utilizing TikTok’s editing features and tools. With more sophisticated AI technology, the app can provide users with more tailored material to their interests. With millions of users worldwide, TikTok’s aesthetically stunning and captivating material can be shared. Conclusion As a result of the use of artificial intelligence, the future of Android apps appears to be more promising than ever. These ten Android apps with AI-based functionality are merely the tip of the iceberg and give an idea of the fascinating possibilities. These apps will simplify and improve the efficiency of your life, from personalized fitness tracking to voice assistants that can understand difficult questions. Then Why wait? Get these apps a chance to discover the potential of AI for yourself right away. Stay tuned to Telematics Wire for more updates on the latest artificial intelligence and technology developments. AUTHOR HARIKRISHNA KUNDARIYA Founder and CEO eSparkBiz Technologies He is leading eSparkBiz, which is a a mobile app development & chatbot development company. Harikrishna is computer science post-graduate from Nirma University and has in-depth knowledge about app development & promotion. He also has good understanding of Enterprise Mobility. He has mentored many young developers. April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 49 Technical Insight VEHICLE TELEMATICS: REDEFINING THE TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY CHIRAG SETHI Delta Electronics India I n simplest terms, telematics is a merger of two sciences: telecommunications and informatics. The term is now frequently used to describe the telematics systems used in fleet vehicles for businesses. A vehicle tracking device that can send, receive, and store telemetry data is the fundamental component of a telematics system. Through a SIM card connection and an onboard modem, it can communicate over a wireless network. A centralised server receives the GPS data as well as a variety of other vehiclespecific data from the device. It transmits it using GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), 4G mobile data, cellular networks, 50 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 or a satellite connection. The server analyses the data and makes it possible for end users to view it via safe websites and apps designed for smartphones and tablets. Location, speed, idling time, abrupt acceleration or braking, fuel consumption, vehicle issues, and other information are part of telematics data. This data can be further utilised for deeper insights to locate all kinds of specific patterns in transportation. Though the overlap of GPS and telematics might sound confusing at times, To be clear, telematics picks up where GPS left off. Telematics uses the data collected via GPS technology to provide various services. Telematics analyses data, uses it, and communicates with parties outside your car, whereas GPS only offers data about your location. Telematics Data Collection and Technical Challenges Vehicle telematics is a technique for tracking and gathering information from any moving asset, such as a car, truck, piece of machinery, or ship, by employing GPS and onboard diagnostics to record movements and vehicle status over time. The collected data is subsequently sent to a central location for examination, usually on a digital map. Today, we are dealing with a large amount of data that never even existed a few years ago. When it comes to querying and visualising telematics data within the context of location and time data, also known as spatiotemporal data, traditional analytics solutions are unable to handle its extremely high volume and velocity. There are a lot of data difficulties. And only a small percentage of popular platforms can handle spatiotemporal data. Those who do generate only a small number of records—a negligible amount in comparison to what connected automobiles presently produce. Another difficulty is dealing with the data. Automakers have already constructed specialised pipelines for recognised data streams, primarily from the creation of in-car data. However, this necessitates massive hardware footprints, and when new data sources emerge, they become increasingly challenging to ingest and combine with existing data sources. Telematics to enable Urban Mobility Nowadays, using car-sharing/carpooling services in many cities only requires downloading an application, registering, and then using it. The urban environment and our daily lives are being changed by mobility. Future mobility will significantly differ from today’s. The automotive business is characterized by four key trends: connectivity (C), autonomous driving (A), shared services (S), and electric mobility (E). In recent years, traffic has grown exponentially, forcing governments and communities to constantly search for safer, more intelligent, and environmentally friendly solutions. Mobility intelligence approaches based on telematics data are the most effective at achieving long-term smart transportation because they have the most tools and insights to address flaws in conventional transportation systems and can comprehend mobility patterns at a detailed level. Railway Telematics for Transport Security, Efficiency & Passenger Satisfaction In 2022, the market for railway telematics was valued at USD 11.26 billion. From 2023 to 2033, it is anticipated to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.1%, with India projected to witness enormous growth. Market expansion is predicted to be aided by the spike in demand for a reliable, secure, and efficient transportation system. Because of improved telematics technology, advanced transport systems are less likely to experience accidents, which supports the growth. Significant factors expected to fuel demand for the railway telematics market include the rising need for the digitisation of railcar tracking and rising rail freight transportation. In order to track the whereabouts and actions of railcars, rail corporations, rail management firms, insurance companies, and others largely use railway telematics systems. For example, the Centre for Development of Telematics and the Indian Ministry of Railways committed to update communications infrastructure connected to operations and safety in April 2022. (C-DOT). Through resource pooling and coordination, the agreement intends to establish a positive working relationship between the ministry and C-DOT. To upgrade telecommunication in the national transporter for safety and security services, C-DOT and the ministry worked together to implement LTE-R, a next-generation communications network especially made for railway services. Benefits of Telematics There are several benefits of implementing Telematics on a full scale. Though this concept might be considered new by many, surprisingly, it isn’t! Despite being widespread since 1996, it was still an underutilised technology at that time because of the high setup costs for the infrastructure and a lack of user demand. The popularity of automobile connectivity and the overall need for urban mobility has, however, has given telematics a fresh lease on life. Lets understand the many such advantages of telematics: ● Telematics offers turn-by-turn navigation support to help drivers get to their destinations quickly. Drivers can save money on fuel when they have access to the shortest routes to their destinations. ● To give the passengers of the car prompt assistance, telematics devices gather safety-related data such as calls for service during an emergency, emergency requests, stolen vehicle tracking, etc. Additionally, data on driving habits such abrupt braking, acceleration, etc. is gathered through telematics. This data can further utilised to enhance the safety of drivers. ● Organisations are empowered by telematics to track the whereabouts of their fleets. Fleet managers can use the vehicle position data to change routes as needed in response to traffic jams, bad weather, etc. By doing this, businesses can reallocate resources and guarantee that delivery won’t be delayed. ● Telematics devices can be coupled with third-party apps that provide several types of information, which simplifies administration and compliance. ● Through the telematics system, users obtain crucial vehicle health reports. Fleet managers can schedule vehicle repair in accordance with this information, which can be very helpful. The future is undoubtedly interconnected, but how exactly does telematics fit into the transportation sector’s advances both now and in the future? On the back of telematics, the future of mobility will be defined whether it’s the adoption of EV, autonomous vehicles or even fleet management. Telematics will undoubtedly increase the accessibility, adaptability, and dependability of urban transportation if the technology lives up to its promises. AUTHOR CHIRAG SETHI BUSINESS HEAD- RAIL TRACTION POWER SOLUTIONS, DELTA ELECTRONICS INDIA He has over twenty years of industry experience. Prior to joining Delta Electronics, he was with Siemens Ltd for over 16 years. His strengths are in the field of sales, marketing and business development. April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 51 Technical Insight THE 5G REVOLUTION: WHERE WILL IT HAVE THE BIGGEST IMPACT? KEN BERKLEY Distrelec W hen we think of 5G, we often think about the benefits for the consumer ie. faster download and upload speed, and higher video streaming quality. However, 5G has a major role in bolstering existing industries that rely on connection. These wireless networks have the potential to transform industries; from automotive to healthcare, or even finance, 5G will have the capability to improve and strengthen existing services, whilst also creating new ones. As such, Distrelec has analysed the industries where 5G will have the greatest impact, by assessing the wider landscape 52 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 for ‘enabler’ companies, as well as industry-specific ones. This aims to give a comprehensive overview of the companies that are currently utilising 5G connectivity, as well as the ones that may rely more heavily on the network in the near future. The industry with the highest amount of companies currently relying on 5G technologies is the finance sector. With 10,804 companies ranging from consumer-focused services such as online banking to more business-related ones like capital investment, there’s undoubtedly a reliance on current wireless networks, as well as potential growth with the wider 5G rollout. The vast majority of these companies fell under the cryptocurrency use case (9,223), with 5G technology allowing users to purchase the token 100 times faster and with greater clarity. Placing second in our study was the automotive industry, with 8251 companies. The vast majority of these (5,324) fell within the manufacturing sector, with 5G-enabled technologies better allowing brands to make use of automation, and push out servicing software via over-theair (OTR) updates. However, the future of 5G within the automotive sphere also stretches to autonomous vehicles, which occupies another sizeable chunk (2,923) of the 8,251 companies employing 5G. Ultimately, without the speed at which data can be collected and transmitted via 5G, selfdriving vehicles could not come to fruition, showing that the sector may increasingly rely upon this technology in the coming years. The retail industry came in third position, with 6,555 companies relying on 5G development according to our study. The vast majority of these were in the digital signage sphere (6,489), with 65 being related to interactive kiosks. Digital signage essentially allows businesses to better connect with consumers in-store to display ads, videos, and other messaging that can be targeted toward consumers. According to Shopify, 68% of customers say digital signage would make them more likely to buy advertised products, and as we move ever closer to customers doing the bulk of their shopping online, digital signage could be an essential means of blending the two experiences and encouraging customers to shop more in-store, potentially highlighting an opportunity for growth. Aside from the aforementioned use cases falling within the finance, retail, and automotive spheres respectively, there are several other usages that have the potential to grow. Some of these are video streaming, data storage, data security, and telehealth. Our study found that the video streaming sector also depends on improving technology offerings to provide a better experience to customers. Crunchbase highlighted 3,982 companies, and with the growing consumer demand for streaming without buffering, ‘media and entertainment’ could be an industry to watch. Netflix has roughly 220 million subscribers, while YouTube has 2 billion monthly active users, and according to a 2020 Nielson report, 77% of users said that streaming and playback quality was one of the most important streaming service attributes, emphasising the importance of this in the ongoing ‘streaming wars’. Data storage (3,041 companies) and data security (1,997 companies) also ranked highly when it comes to the most popular use cases. These sectors interrelate, with 5G enabling higher volumes of data storage with more accessible consumption of high-resolution content, in turn, these higher volumes of data also need to be met with advanced security. Another use case that is projected to see substantial growth, is telehealth. At present, there are 1,428 companies within this sphere relying on 5G technology, with this set to grow as the industry advances. 5G is instrumental in delivering telehealth proficiently, as it closes the data reliability gap by improving speed, latency, and connectivity. It also provides a better experience for users due to the reduction in buffering during video conferencing. This connected care model will foster more of a predictive healthcare model, working in collaboration with wearable technology, rather than one that focuses on solving concerns once they’re already underway. We then wanted to analyse more generic companies, without specifying the industry, taking note of the top 100 to discover their location and how they will impact industries relying on 5G as a whole. We found that the vast majority of these companies were based in North America (60%), and Asia (21%). According to GSMA Intelligence, adoption of 5G is booming in North America and will dominate the wireless services sector by 2025, Telco wireless network investments during the next five years are also expected to almost exclusively focus on 5G. This infrastructure allows for the necessary connectivity to facilitate 5G-empowered businesses. By 2025, the US is predicted to have the second-highest 5G adoption rate in the world, surpassed only by South Korea, while Canada is expected to rank in fourth position, behind Japan in third. When it comes to the nature of these companies, they primarily fall within the infrastructure (48%), and technology (24%) spheres, which can also be seen as ‘enabling’ enterprises. These companies operate across industries, focusing on developing the groundwork upon which the industry-specific 5G use cases are built. Intel appeared as the first entry within our search, with their expanded product offerings that provide end-to-end solutions, scaling from edge computing to 5G network, and emerging fields of AI, operating across industries to give rise to new 5G-enabled companies within more specific domains. Cohere Technologies appeared second, as the innovator of software that improves user experience with channel detection, estimation, prediction, and precoding deployed within a standard-compliant 4G, 5G, or Open Cloud RAN. Our study found that while industryspecific innovations are important and definitely set to grow, we also cannot overlook the infrastructure and technology-based businesses that improve the field in which industry-specific companies operate, by investing in 5G solutions to aid functionality. The article was originally published in Distrelec in March 2023 April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 53 ADAS & Autonomous Vehicle Ford establishes Latitude AI to develop automated driving tech Ford Motor Company has established Latitude AI, a wholly owned subsidiary focused on developing a hands-free, eyes-off-the-road automated driving system for millions of vehicles. With the formation of Latitude, Ford adds a leading team of machine learning, robotics, software, sensors, systems engineering and operations talent as the automaker grows and expands its development efforts in automated driving technology – including advancements in Ford BlueCruise, which already has accumulated more than 50 million miles of hands-free driving. Latitude is reimagining the customer experience by automating driving during times that can be tedious, stressful and unpleasant, such as bumper-to-bumper traffic or on long stretches of highway. The average driver in the U.S. spends nearly 100 hours a year sitting in traffic according to the transportation analytics firm INRIX. Ottometric gets $4.9M seed funding for automated validation of ADAS Ottometric, a startup in the validation of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), has secured a total of $4.9 million in its seed funding round. The round was led by Rally Ventures, with participation from leading mobility funds including Goodyear Ventures, Proeza Ventures, Automotive Ventures, Trucks VC, Reinforced Ventures and Investor Collaborative. Ottometric was founded in 2019 by a team of automotive industry veterans from companies like General Motors, Autoliv, NVIDIA, and Optimus Ride who have been instrumental in the evolution of ADAS over the past decade, and have a deep understanding of the artificial intelligence (AI) training and validation processes. Their unique expertise in automotive electronics, AI, computer vision, and big data analytics has enabled the company to develop a breakthrough cloud software platform that automates and streamlines the ADAS development and validation process. Ottometric's initial customers are market leaders in the ADAS industry and include two of the top ten largest Tier-1 automotive suppliers in the world. Low earth satellite based navigation assistance for autonomous vehicles NOVELSAT and Guident are partnering together to develop an innovative, always-on, ubiquitous remote monitor and control solution for autonomous vehicles and devices. The solution combines space communications and augmented intelligence technologies to ensure optimal safety and security for autonomous vehicles and devices, enabling remote monitoring and operation at any time and place. This integration of NOVELSAT’s satellite-based space connectivity technologies and Guident’s human-in-the-loop AI technologies will provide reliable and high-speed bi-directional connectivity. This connectivity enables continuous, high-quality video streaming to monitor autonomous vehicles remotely and, when necessary, to allow remote control of the vehicles to resolve various edge cases. Additionally, the connectivity will provide real-time audio and video communication with passengers, pedestrians, or first responders, ensuring the highest level of safety for autonomous systems, which is a crucial factor in the deployment and management of such systems. The cooperation between the companies opens the door for new markets and revenue opportunities by offering a new level of autonomous systems safety for a wide range of applications: transportation, delivery, agriculture, hospitality, mining, logistics, and more. Teledyne FLIR releases new Prism AI, to help integrate perception sensors with ADAS Teledyne FLIR, part of Teledyne Technologies Incorporated, today announced a new Prism AI release featuring a compact AI model for simplified deployment on embedded systems. The new release further enables perception engineers to quickly integrate thermal cameras for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous vehicle (AV) systems, improving object tracking performance by up to 24 percent compared to the previous Prism AI release. Built for automotive perception system developers, Prism AI is a collaborative ecosystem providing seven object detection classes, visibleand-thermal image fusion, advanced thermal image processing capabilities, new shadow mode recording capabilities, batch data ingestion, and more. Together these features simplify the integration of automotive thermal sensors that provide superior pedestrian, animal, and vehicle detection, especially at night and in poor visibility. 54 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 Maps & Navigation Mercedes-Benz to use Google’s navigation and location information in its MB.OS Mercedes-Benz and Google announced today a long-term strategic partnership to further accelerate auto innovation and create the industry’s next-generation digital luxury car experience. With this partnership, Mercedes-Benz will be the first automaker to build its own branded navigation experience based on new in-car data and navigation capabilities from Google Maps Platform. This will give the luxury automaker access to Google’s leading geospatial offering, including detailed information about places, real-time and predictive traffic information, automatic rerouting, and more. By embedding these features into the upcoming Mercedes-Benz Operating System (MB.OS), customers will be able to enjoy a superior navigation experience, thanks to easy usability and outstanding graphics on the car’s high-resolution screen. To help enrich the user experience, the companies will bring the YouTube app into the Mercedes-Benz infotainment system. In addition, Mercedes-Benz will use Google Maps data to enable assisted driving features such as automatic speed adjustments before intersections, roundabouts or curves. As a first step, Mercedes-Benz will give customers access to Place Details provided by Google, helping them find detailed information about more than 200 million businesses and places around the world, including business hours, photos, ratings, and reviews. Place Details will be available starting today in all vehicles with the latest generation of MBUX in applicable markets*. The companies agreed to explore further collaboration using Google Cloud’s leading artificial intelligence (AI), data and open infrastructure solutions. For example: ● AI: Mercedes-Benz intends to use Google Cloud’s AI and Machine Learning capabilities to create, train, and deploy new models at speed and enhance customer experiences. ● Data: Mercedes-Benz intends to use Google Cloud’s fast and efficient data processing platform to analyze fleet data. ● Open Infrastructure: Mercedes-Benz plans to use Google’s open infrastructure to securely innovate and scale from on-premises, to edge, to cloud, across Mercedes-Benz’s current technology landscape. “Our partnership with Mercedes-Benz brings advanced technologies from Google Maps Platform, Cloud, and YouTube to help create new experiences for drivers. In addition to enabling Mercedes-Benz to design a customized navigation interface, we’ll provide our AI and data capabilities to accelerate their sustainability efforts, advance autonomous driving, and create an enhanced customer experience.” Sundar Pichai, Chief Executive Officer, Google and Alphabet NavInfo to supply BMW with navigation maps for China NavInfo will be supplying high-definition maps and location-based services to BMW. The size of the deal will depend on the number of BMW vehicles in China which will be using NavInfo maps for navigation. The agreement will increase NavInfo’s market share and improve its profitability and other operational results, according to the company. Founded in 2002, NavInfo was the first firm in China to receive a navigation electronic map license and has focused on developing its high-precision mapping business since 2015. April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 55 Electric Vehicle, EV Battery & Charging Renesas releases engineering designs and protocols for electric vehicle segment Renesas Electronics Corporation (TSE: 6723) today announced that it has introduced 10 new Winning Combinations that combine a broad range of products from Renesas entire portfolio, including both automotive and non-automotive parts. The new solutions address multiple applications for electric vehicle (EV) charging, instrument cluster control and low-voltage inverter functionality for traction motors. Renesas’ Winning Combinations are engineering-vetted designs that allow customers to take advantage of an elevated platform for their design ideas, accelerating product development cycles and lowering overall risk in bringing designs to market. Renesas now offers more than 300 Winning Combinations for a wide range of customers and markets. In November of 2022, Renesas announced a unified global sales and marketing organization, combining teams from the Automotive Solution Business Unit (ABU) and the IoT & Infrastructure Business Unit (IIBU) to accelerate cross-BU collaboration. The new organization also allows Renesas to capitalize on scale advantages by fostering cross-selling opportunities and broader customer coverage. The new Winning Combos are the first to combine products designed for automotive applications with non-automotive offerings. “These Winning Combos are an excellent example of the synergies we can leverage from our new organization,” said Chris Allexandre, Senior Vice President, CSMO and Head of the Global Sales and Marketing Unit at Renesas. “By combining our technical, market and customer knowledge, we can serve large and rapidly growing opportunities in all geographies with the right solutions at optimal value.” The 10 new Winning Combinations include the following: OCPP Interface Card (OIC) for Smart EV Chargers: Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) is used to communicate between a networked charging station and a networked charge management system. Today charging stations can connect to OCPP, but with this new solution, standalone EV chargers can also connect to OCPP server to authorize EVs, manage charger configurations remotely, get real time alerts, and more. This gives users and manufacturers flexibility to use any charger with, any EV system with support for multiple charging techniques. This Winning Combo includes Renesas low-power Bluetooth®, Wi-Fi and MCUs. 3 Kilowatt Off-Board EV Charger: High power off-board chargers are the functional blocks for supporting battery pack solutions. This charger combination works on a universal input range and uses a high-end MCU to control power factor correction (PFC) and manage the zero-voltage switching (ZVS). This Winning Combo includes Renesas MCU, analog, power and PWM controller products. Connected Android Cluster: This connected cockpit design provides developers with all the necessary modules and peripherals for complete cockpit application development. This custom board comes with multiple wireless connectivity options such as Wi-Fi, LTE, GPS, etc. Information coming from outside the vehicle can be fed through a dual CAN/FD communication channel. It supports three display connections and a variety of boot options. It supports Android infotainment systems as well as cluster applications through FreeRTOS. The Winning Combo includes Renesas R-Car Automotive System-on-chip (SoC), power management devices, timing products, Wi-Fi, modules and Bluetooth products. ● Toll and Communication Unit for EV Charger Pile ● Vehicle Control Unit ● Low-cost TFT Instrument Cluster with Telematics ● Low Voltage Inverter for 2/3 Wheel Traction Motor ● Car Telematics Box Module ● High Performance EV Charger Wallbox Solution ● Portable EV Charger 56 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 iPhone maker Foxconn to manufacture whitelabel electric vehicle Foxconn is investing in manufacture of electric vehicles (EVs) according to some of the leading news agencies. It is exploring the white-label manufacturing of electric vehicles for automakers or delivery providers. Foxconn is looking into the entire supply chain of chips, batteries, assembly plant and industry experts. For this, it has acquired an earlier General Motor assembly plant in Ohio from Lordstown Motors. This assembly plant is one of the highest by volume assembly plant in world, with capacity to assemble 320,000 units a year. Foxconn has also hired a former Nissan Motors senior executive, Jun Seki as its Chief Strategy Officer. “The results of many of our collaborations will be realised one after the other in 2023. The demand for EVs is driving industry disruption where prominent traditional automakers have and are pivoting to finding solutions for mobility that are cleaner and smarter.” Foxconn representative mentioned in a statement to Reuters. Foxconn does bring strength in contract manufacturing. While many of the industry experts are of the view that EV industry is not a profit making industry largely, and with competition building up and leading to price cuts off-late, it may be a difficult space to enter. But, Foxconn may be entering the EV manufacturing with a disruptive white-label manufacturing at right time. Foxconn has been working on its EV whitelabel manufacturing strategy for quite some time. It established Mobility in Harmony Alliance in October 2020. This Alliance is a global open platform for electric vehicles that aims to accelerate the development of EV technologies and promote innovation in the automotive industry. The alliance is open to companies in the automotive and technology industries, including automakers, parts suppliers, software developers, and other stakeholders. The MIH Alliance aims to create a standardized platform for EVs that will enable faster development of new models and reduce costs for automakers. Mobility in Harmony EV platform, which Foxconn calls “the Android system” for EVs may help it win client. Automotive OS Elektrobit and Canonical announce EB corbos Linux – built on Ubuntu Elektrobit and Canonical announced EB corbos Linux – built on Ubuntu. Available immediately from Elektrobit, the new solution provides OEMs and Tier 1 suppliers with the benefits and flexibility of an open-source operating system for developing electronic control units (ECUs) in software-defined vehicles. It integrates Ubuntu, provided by Canonical, in a solution that addresses the specific needs of the automotive sector. EB corbos Linux – built on Ubuntu will enable the application of open-source Linux to ECU application development, while ensuring compliance to processes needed for automotive mass production across development and in-vehicle systems with embedded devices. EB corbos Linux – built on Ubuntu offers a rich and flexible open-source development environment. It enables carmakers to leverage advancements that have already been made by the massive community of world-class open-source developers while developing innovations of their own. EB corbos Linux – built on Ubuntu fills a major gap in the functional architectures of software-defined vehicles, giving them more flexibility as well as access to a large pool of experienced, motivated application developers. EB corbos Linux – built on Ubuntu is a completely customizable software package that comes with a software-development kit (SDK), tooling and source code. Highly modular common binary packages are combined and configured in an application-specific solution. Open-source development is a key asset in many industries as there is no vendor lock-in, which is a major advantage in reducing investment risk when building new platform ecosystems. The open-source nature of EB corbos Linux – built-on Ubuntu makes it simple to study and inspect, speeding up development. Elektrobit provides long-term security and hardware maintenance, giving customers an automotive ECU solution from a single source, leveraging all the advantages of open-source software. Customers gain added value with security updates and issue resolution during the complete life cycle of their automotive projects. Automotive OS Intel releases Quantum SDK 1.0 After launching its beta version in September 2022, Intel on 28Feb’2023 released version 1.0 of the Intel® Quantum Software Development Kit (SDK). The SDK is a full quantum computer in simulation that can also interface with Intel’s quantum hardware, including Intel’s Horse Ridge II control chip and Intel’s quantum spin qubit chip when it becomes available this year. The kit allows developers to program quantum algorithms in simulation, and it features an intuitive programming interface written in C++ using an industry-standard low-level virtual machine (LLVM) compiler toolchain. As a result, Intel’s SDK offers seamless interfacing with C/C++ and Python applications, making it more versatile and customizable. The first backend is a high-performance open-source generic qubit simulator, Intel® Quantum Simulator (IQS). IQS has a backend capable of 32 qubits on a single node and more than 40 qubits on multiple nodes. The second is a target backend that simulates Intel quantum dot qubit hardware and enables compact model simulation of Intel silicon spin qubits. Intel’s qubits leverage the company’s expertise in silicon transistor manufacturing to build a large-scale quantum computer. With the SDK, users can develop small workloads to determine what functionalities are needed from the quantum computer’s system architecture to run algorithms efficiently and accurately on qubits. In addition, Intel is using the SDK internally to co-design quantum hardware and software in tandem, accelerating system development. The SDK is a customizable and expandable platform providing greater flexibility when developing quantum applications. It also provides for users to compare compiler files, a standard feature in classical computing development, to discern how well an algorithm is optimized in the compiler. It allows users to see the source code and obtain lower levels of abstraction, gaining insight into how a system stores data. April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 57 Cybersecurity LG meets standard for automotive cybersecurity of UNECE LG Electronics (LG) has announced that its vehicle components have been verified for complying with ISO/SAE 21434, fundamental for the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe’s (UNECE) regulation No. 155 (UN R155). This standard automotive cybersecurity measure requires vehicle and vehicle parts manufacturers to employ certified cybersecurity management systems for protection against hackers and other cybersecurity threats. Meeting the highest standards for digital security, LG’s automotive cybersecurity management system has earned the ISO/SAE 21434 certification from global testing organization TÜV Rheinland. UNECE vehicle cybersecurity regulations, including UN R155, were established to make current and future car models safer against the everincreasing risk of cyberattack. With vehicles now collecting, accessing and storing a large volume of data, cybersecurity has become a major focus for the automotive sector. In EU countries, auto manufacturers must adopt Cybersecurity Management Systems (CSMS) and get Vehicle Type Approval (VTA) in order to offer their products. In regions outside of the EU, such as North America and Asia, similar types of rules and regulations have come into force. In this environment, CSMS system verification plays an instrumental role in the competitiveness of automotive parts. LG’s key products, including in-vehicle infotainment (IVI) systems and telematics, meet the stringent cybersecurity requirements set out in ISO/SAE 21434 according to the UN R155. This means the company is able to supply its auto industry partners with highly secure and reliable mobility solutions Eun Seok-hyun, President LG Vehicle Component Solutions (left) and that meet or exceed the latest standards. Based on its considerable Frank Juettner, CEO and Director of TÜV Rheinland Korea (right) experience in developing and operating cybersecurity processes, LG can respond quickly to new standards, giving the company a distinct advantage over other industry players. LG is utilizing its certified CSMS to develop confidence in vulnerable vehicle components and solutions for automakers. Moving forward, the company will also be working closely with its customers to test the cybersecurity of vehicles employing LG solutions, helping to ensure they are protected against cybersecurity threats throughout their operational life. In September 2021, LG enhanced its capabilities in this highly important area of future mobility by acquiring Israeli cybersecurity company, Cybellum. LG’s commitment to and investment in cybersecurity have seen the company achieve meaningful results, including the recent verification from the UNECE. Vehicle Telematics Hapbee Technologies to develop driver safety application with LocoMobi Hapbee Technologies Inc has signed an agreement with LocoMobi World Inc, to develop driver safety and performance app. As stipulated in the MOU, part of Hapbee’s contribution to developing the Application is enabling drivers to utilize the Company’s bio-streams, such as Focus, Alert, and Boost, to enhance awareness and safety without having to ingest stimulants. The Company believes some of its performance-related Signals have safety benefits for drivers. For example, one feature contemplated for development in the MOU is driverselected or automated Hapbee Signal delivery via in-vehicle seats. Conceptually, the automatic Signal delivery would be triggered by biometric data collected from sensors in the steering wheel or driving patterns recognized by vehicle sensor data. If the Application is successfully developed, Hapbee and LocoMobi World aim to provide the automotive industry with a safe and innovative platform that helps drivers maintain focus to make our roads and highways safer. According to the U.S. Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, “Eight percent of fatal crashes, 14 percent of injury crashes, and 13 percent of all police-reported motor vehicle traffic crashes in 2020 were reported as distraction-affected crashes.” The Application is intended to be part of LocoMobi World’s AI-based mobility portal, which embeds directly into vehicles. Named one of the Top 30 Fastest Growing Tech Companies in 2021 by the Silicon Review, LocoMobi World enhances e-commerce by transforming a vehicle into a mobile wallet. 58 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 Connected Vehicle Expeto's connected vehicle network control Expeto, Inc., announced the next level of visibility and control for connected vehicles managed via enterprise mobile networks. The Connected Vehicles solution, now available on the Expeto NeXtworking Platform as a Service, provides granular visibility and control essential for next-generation connected car, autonomous vehicle and advanced logistics applications. Automotive OEMs can manage software defined vehicle fleets via public networks as a seamless extension of their own private networks. Automotive OEMs have historically procured managed IoT SIM connectivity services on a regional basis to support firstgeneration connected vehicle services like infotainment and maintenance communications. These services were dependent on mobile operator services teams to deploy and troubleshoot cellular networking layer application performance and cybersecurity issues. As connected vehicle use cases evolve to become mission critical, automotive OEMs need full visibility and control as these vehicles traverse 4G, LTE and 5G public networks globally. To deliver on improvements in safety, automation and efficiency, automotive OEMs require mobile operator-supplied connectivity with self-service networking visibility and control to configure, troubleshoot and secure vehicular cellular connections. Expeto’s NeXtworking for Connected Vehicles enables seamless enterprise control and visibility across all private and public networks globally, managed from a single pane of glass with a robust set of APIs to enable complete integration into the enterprise IT/OT frameworks. Mobile operators integrate once with Expeto’s platform to deliver this capability to any automotive or logistics OEM enterprise customer. Volvo Trucks introduces Connected Vehicle Analytics tool Volvo Trucks North America rolled out a new connected technology tool for its dealers to help fleet customers maximize both fuel efficiency and vehicle productivity. The Connected Vehicle Analytics (CVA) tool collects real-world data from fleet operations — including current truck configurations, daily routes, average speed, and fuel efficiency — to enable dealers to recommend the ideal configurations for a customer’s new Class 8 truck purchase, tailored to their specific operations. Using Volvo Trucks’ CVA tool, dealers can gain quantitative insights into how a customer’s fleet is operating and what updates and changes can be made in the specifications when investing in their new trucks to improve both operations and the total cost of ownership. Data is provided on a wide range of information that can affect the fuel efficiency and productivity of a vehicle, including: • Specific route details (e.g., latitude and longitude for some stops and average speed) • ehicle attributes (e.g., truck model, axle configuration) • Fuel efficiency Dealers can also access an anonymized pool of vehicles to benchmark how their customer’s fleet is performing compared to other similarly spec’d vehicles. Fleet operators interested in utilizing the CVA tool to evaluate fleet performance, fuel efficiency and ideal vehicle configurations can work with their local sales representatives at Volvo Trucks dealerships throughout North America. April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 59 Connected Vehicle Snapdragon® Auto 5G Modem-RF Gen 2 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. on 27th Feb’2023, announced its new Snapdragon® Auto 5G Modem-RF Gen 2. As Qualcomm Technologies’ most advanced automotive modem-RF system available, it features high performance processing power and up to 200 MHz of network capacity to support reliable, low-latency connectivity for safe, intelligent and immersive riding experiences. Equipped with the latest advancements in 5G, car owners will now have the broadband to enjoy the comfort and convenient experiences of a vehicle, home and office in one space. The Snapdragon Auto 5G Modem-RF Gen 2 also introduces a new form of communication to the automotive industry with support for satellite communications, helping to ensure connectivity is ubiquitously available for applications that utilize two-way messaging. Automakers will be empowered to deliver premium digital experiences with: ● Higher processing power, coverage and throughput with an integrated quad core CPU and up to 200 MHz of aggregated network bandwidth to provide new opportunities for services and support for the most advanced connectivity technologies and speeds needed for faster content streaming, online gaming, autonomous driving and more. ● Increased support for vehicle safety for mission critical and emergency services that require connectivity to the network such as next generation eCall and support for satellite communications to ensure ubiquitous connectivity and communications in remote and rural areas. ● Reduced cost with fewer components needed as this latest version of the Snapdragon Auto 5G Modem-RF features a multi-core CPU to allow for apps to run directly on the modem and features hypervisor support to isolate workloads resulting in seamless connectivity and power efficiency. ● Next generation advanced location engine that improves location accuracy and robustness in all environments to support emergency services, navigation, safety alerts and autonomous driving features; accurate positioning in the most challenging environments to enable use cases such as HD maps, automated valet parking and more. ● ntegrated C-V2X technology to support direct communications to enhance short range safety and mobility service. ● Data routing within the vehicle at up to 1GB per second, giving automakers the flexibility to move traffic from the telematics control unit (TCU) to the infotainment system, a Wi-Fi hotspot or other connected device; ensures seamless communication for passengers to enjoy their connected services without any interruptions. ● Automakers and the broad transportation ecosystem can also leverage the Snapdragon Auto 5G Modem-RF Gen 2’s advanced capabilities to develop and deliver new, advanced connected services by utilizing: ● Snapdragon Telematics Application Framework (TelAF), a unified development and deployment framework for the Snapdragon Auto 5G ModemRF system that brings all necessary components to reduce complexity when developing connected services with 5G, location & security, and enhanced safety. ● Snapdragon Car-to-Cloud services providing comprehensive cloud and device components that helps the automotive ecosystem enable, manage and deploy new connected services developed on TelAF. Car-to-Cloud also provides secure data connection between cloud and device with cloudbased APIs to develop consumer and fleet solutions on the system. Ford files patent for vehicle repossession On 23rd February’2023 Ford applied for a patent which would use the connected car technology to initiate vehicle repossession. The vehicle repossession would be initiated post default on payment of vehicle’s loan or monthly instalment. The process as mentioned in the patent application includes sending messages to the owner, on his phone/electronic communication device or the vehicle itself. Post exhausting the option, it will initiate locking drivers out entirely, disabling functions like air conditioning, geofencing drivers to only operate within a certain time or set area. In an extreme case it can enable the autonomous car to drive itself to the impound lot — or junkyard if the car’s market value is determined to be below a certain threshold. Renesas launches four news SoCs for in-vehicle communication Renesas Electronics Corporation (TSE: 6723), announced recently that it has developed four technologies for system-on-chip (SoC) devices for in-vehicle communication gateways. These SoCs are expected to play a crucial role in defining the next-generation electrical/electronic (E/E) architecture in automotive systems. Renesas has developed (1) an architecture that dynamically changes the circuit operation timing to match the vehicle conditions with optimized performance and power consumption, (2) fast start-up technology by partitioning and powering essential programs only, (3) a network accelerator that achieves a power efficiency of 10 gigabits per second/watt (Gbps/W), and (4) security technology that prevents communication interference by recognizing and protecting vital in-vehicle communication related to vehicle control. 60 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 India Tamil Nadu releases new e-vehicles policy Odisha Govt extends date for fitment of location tracking and alert button in public transport vehicles Odisha Government recently announced extension of date for the fitment of Vehicle Location Tracking Device (VLTD) and panic buttons in public transport vehicles complying with IS16833 / AIS 140 . Commerce and Transport Department of Odisha Government, mentioned it in a notification in this regard. According to the notification, the specified vehicles registered on or after 01.04.2023 shall have to comply with the requirement of the fitment of VLTD and panic buttons at the time of registration. The specified vehicles registered on or before 31.03.2023 shall have to comply with the requirement by 30.06.2023. Earlier, the fitment of VLTD and panic buttons in public transport vehicles registered on or after 1.01.2023 and for other vehicles it was notified as 31.03.2023. Ola to set up plant for electric car and EV batteries The Tamil Nadu Electric Vehicles Policy 2023, released by Chief Minister MK Stalin on 14th Feb’2023, will provide capital subsidy for charging stations and battery swapping stations. It also mentions incentives for retrofitting and re-manufacture of EVs. According to the policy, the TN government shall develop a road map to have TVs in public and institutional fleets operating in the State in phases. “The State shall endeavour to increase the share of electric buses to 30% of the fleet [operated by State Transport Undertakings] by 2030.” The Government of Tamil Nadu has a vision of attracting Rs. 50,000 crore worth of investments in EV manufacturing, creation of 150,000 new jobs during the Policy period, and development of a robust EV ecosystem in the State. The policy objectives are as follows: a) Transform Tamil Nadu into the preferred destination for EV manufacturing in South-East Asia (i) Develop robust infrastructure & industrial ecosystem to attract manufacturing units. (ii) Create indigenous EV manufacturing value chains by attracting EV OEM & Component manufacturers to establish units in the State. b) Accelerate adoption of EVs in Tamil Nadu (i) Provide initial impetus for early adopters of Electric Vehicles through special demand incentives. (ii) Develop charging infrastructure with favourable power tariffs through public/ private measures. c) Enhance the development of the EV ecosystem in Tamil Nadu (i) Develop industry-academia linkages to create a skilled workforce pool for EVs. (ii) Promote R&D and innovations in automotive and shared mobility. (iii)Promote the recycling industry to develop a circular economy in the State. d) Develop EV Cities in Tamil Nadu (i) Promote Chennai, Coimbatore, Tiruchirappalli, Madurai, Salem, and Tirunelveli as pilot cities for implementing e-mobility solutions. (ii) Promote electrification of commercial and public transport fleets. On 18 Feb’2023 Ola signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Government of Tamil Nadu. According to MoU, Ola Electric will be investing US $920 million (INR 7614 crores) to setup manufacturing for electric cars and electric vehicle batteries. The manufacturing plant would be setup in an area spread over 2000acres. Ola would be hiring over 3000 workers in Tamil Nadu for this. These investments would be made through its subsidiaries Ola Electric Technologies and Ola Cell Technologies. Ola plans to manufacture 140,000 electric cars annually. EV Batteries production may commence by end of this year. It had unveiled its EV battery, developed at its innovation centre at Bengaluru last year. Ola is one of the three companies selected by government of India, to receive incentives under US $2.3 Billion programme to support advanced battery cell development. April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 61 India Minda buys 15.7% shares in Pricol Auto component maker Minda Corporation’s last week purchased 19million shares of Pricol, from open market for about Rs 400 crores (INR 4 billion). Although according to Minda, as stated in some of the business news daily, its first focus remains on organic growth. Minda’s strategy head Anshul Saxena had said purchase of Pricol shares is just a financial investment right now. But, the purchase of shares from open market is ‘considered hostile’, as Vikram Mohan, Managing Director or Pricol had declined offers of buyout from Minda earlier. Vikram along with promoters hold 36.53% shares of Pricol. Pricol and Minda are rivals in two-wheeler’s instrument cluster business, where Pricol has over 40% market share and Minda has about 15%. CJ Darcl to use in-cab coaching system from Netradyne Netradyne recently announced that CJ Darcl Logistics Ltd, a logistics providers in India, has it to provide advanced fleet safety solutions. In this agreement, Netradybe will provide fleet of 1000 vehicles of CJ Darcl with AI-enabled embedded safety technology, helping the company improve fleet operation performance, driver behavior, and reduce thefts. CJ Darcl Logistics enhances their fleet management and further builds upon cost-effective services and sets new safety standards. The Driver•i system helps the company achieve its goals of improving driving behavior through automated driver coaching. It also supports in expediting driver Durgadutt Nedungadi, Vice President, International Business, exonerations as well as in handling insurance claims. Netradyne and Nikhil Agarwal, President, CJ Darcl Logistics A joint venture between DARCL Logistics and CJ Group from South Korea, the company serves more than 2000 varied customers through its 174 offices across India. The company stays ahead of the curve when it appears to adoption of technological advancements and safety. The company remains at the forefront of adopting technological advancements and prioritizing safety. To enhance road safety, the company is integrating technology and safety measures by installing AI devices on its trucks. These devices control visibility and speed, which in turn improves the overall safety and security of the road. TCS and Renesas to open joint innovation centres In India Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) (BSE: 532540, NSE: TCS) one of the largest IT services companies in the world, and Renesas Electronics Corporation (Renesas), a premier supplier of advanced semiconductor solutions, announced the opening of a joint Innovation Center in Bengaluru and Hyderabad and to collaborate on radio frequency, digital and mixed-signal design and software development for innovative next generation semiconductor solutions catering to the needs of a wide range of industries. The inauguration in Bengaluru had the presence of Rajeev Chandrasekhar, Minister of State for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship and Minister of State for Electronics and Information Technology along with N Ganapathy Subramaniam, Chief Operating Officer & Executive Director for TCS and Dr. Sailesh Chittipeddi, Executive Vice President & General Manager of IoT and Infrastructure Business Unit at Renesas. The Innovation Center will combine TCS’ deep expertise in IoT and domain knowledge of the manufacturing, telecom and automotive industries with Renesas’ advanced semiconductor designs and skilled embedded software support. By joining hands and leveraging their combined strengths, the partners intend to launch innovative semiconductor designs and software solutions for the IoT, smart cities, industrial, and automotive segments. Ficosa to increase its workforce in India FIEC (Ficosa India Engineering Centre), Ficosa’s technology hub in India, is a software engineering centre focused on technology development. Ficosa opened the centre in 2018 with the aim of gaining an international presence, and to take advantage of the expertise and experience offered by the new technologies available in India. Since its foundation, the centre has grown exponentially, both in terms of staff and knowledge. In its first five years, the centre has grown from 9 employees to a staff of 80, thanks to a strong and determined growth strategy. FIEC expects to end the year with 95 employees, 84% of whom will work in R&D and 16% in support functions. In addition, the centre expects to have 112 employees by the end of 2023, which will represent an annual workforce growth of 18%. “India is a great hub of technological talent, and at FIEC we are working to boost the local ecosystem and accelerate the transition to the mobility of the future, with a focus on innovation and sustainability.” Daniel Muñoz, Head of FIEC 62 | Telematics Wire | April - June 2023 India's Leading Auto Tech Media www.telematicswire.net Volume 2 | Issue 01 | January 2023 | ` 250 Telematics Wire Technology Driven | Futuristic Vehicle 20 Path toward vehicle autonomy may be longer but will be fruitful om n n Co d. te ec n uto le .E s ou . ic ctr 44 Role of automotive ethernet in offroad vehicles GK Senthil Swapnil Suresh Trambake Toyota Connected India John Deere India Pvt Ltd. 34 Cybersecurity assessment for EV ecosystem – end-to-end approach Atanu Niyogi L&T Technology Services Limited Sudip Pramanik L&T Technology Services Limited A CONTACT US maneesh.prasad@telematicswire.net editorial.team@telematicswire.net +91-9810346117 +91 9810346931 WE HELP YOUR BUSINESS GROW Connect with us & Take your Business to the NEXT LEVEL! April - June 2023 | Telematics Wire | 63 Telematics Wire Technology Driven | Futuristic Vehicle India's most informative media and networking platform www.telematicswire.net Volume 2 | Issue 03 | March 2023 | ` 250 Telematics Wire Technology Driven | Futuristic Vehicle 16 Multilayered Platform for Health Risk Reduction and Safety on Public Transport: A Case Study from Italy Narciso Gaspardo ATAP (Local Transportation Authority operating in the Italian Province and City of Pordenone) 20 Tampering versus non-tampering - how telemetry devices can solve for more efficient fleet management Poorvak Kapoor Euler Motors ID CARD 1234567890 Driver Display DNA Security Card Speaker Payment Printer Passenger Display What we do? News Portal Conferences Exhibitions Webinars Seminars Magazine Media Promotions WRITE TO US AT info@telematicswire.net www.telematicswire.net Emergency Button