CHAPTER 2
Computer in
Our Daily Life
How Computers
Work
The basic parts of a computer
are the central processing
unit(CPU),
memory,
a
keyboard or other input
devices , and a screen or
other output devices.
How does a computer add or
subtract, and how can its memory
remember the answer it
computes?
We
understand
human
language, the computer can
understand machine language.
But the computer does not
recognize letters as letters of
the alphabet; it sees the letters
as a series of 0's and 1's called
the binary language.
Computer Number
Systems
Decimal Number System
Computer can only
understand two digits-a 0
and 1. This type of number
system is called the binary
number system, with the
prefix bi, which mean 2.
Other Types of
Number System
Octal Number System ( from
the prefix octa, meaning it
uses 8 digits)
Hexadecimal Number System
(hexa means 6; deci means 10;
meaning it uses 16 digits to
represent its values)
How Computers
Interpret Data
1. From the keyboard, pressure pads are typically
found underneath each key. Upon typing a
letter, the pressure pads send information to
the CPU for processing.
2. The information is then transmitted in the form
of 0's and 1's using the ASCII code.
3. The CPU determines what character has been
typed and sends the information to the
computer monitor, again in 0's and 1's.
4. The monitor displays the information in its
equivalent character, this time readable by
humans.
Majority of computer systems
use the American Standard
Code
for
Information
Interchange
(ASCII)
for
converting characters into 0's
and 1's.
The uppercase character 'A' as
seen is represented in ASCII as
0100 0001 in binary, 101 in octal,
or 41 in hexadecimal system.
Computer programmers create
programs so that computers can
do specific tasks. People who
write programs are programmers.
Another term used for program is
codes. Writing programs is called
programming or coding.
Take a look at the word "computer"
in binary code as seen by a
computer.
To make it easier, machine codes are
made "more human" by making
them readable and similar to the
human language. This is identified
with
the
different
levels
of
programming languages which will
be discussed later in this chapter
01100011 01101111 01101101
01110000 01110101
01110100 01100101 01110010
How does the computer that binary
code of "computer" is same as the
word "computer"?
Each character is converted from
the ASCII table's hexadecimal,
octal, or decimal presentation into
binary language.
For example, the letter "c" is
equivalent to 63 in hexadecimal
which when converted into binary
is equal to 0110 0011.
01100011 01101111 01101101
01110000 01110101
01110100 01100101 01110010
PRESENTED BY:
MAMANGCAO, FARHANAH M.
to be continued...
How Computer
works with one
another?
By: Manal Jamil
Introduction
Notice how the computer uses different
ways to connect to certain devices. The
computer monitor uses a wire to connect
to the computer unit while the mouse
wirelessly connects to the laptop and etc
depending on the situation computers
use different connection methods to do
their task.
SYSTEM BUS
A computer system on its
own communicates
through what is called a
system bus. It is a pathway
composed of cable and
connectors used to carry
data from a computer
peripheral devices to the
CPU and main memory.
Types of
System Bus
DATA BUS
It can transfer data
to and from the
memory of a
computer, or in to or
out of the CPU.
CONTROL BUS
ADRESS BUS
It is used by the CPU to
specify a physical
address for instructions
files and other devices
within the computer
system.
It is used by CPUs to communicate with other devices
within the computer system. The control bus carries the
commands or instruction from the CPU. It also sends the
status of signal from the devices identifying if it is ready or
not. The typical read or write commands are identified
through the control bus.
How Computers Connect
to Other Computers?
Next step is knowing how a computer is
able to connect other devices. Earlier,
computer peripherals using wired or
wireless connection are mentioned. It is
also similar when a computer wants to
connect to another computer with or
without wires.
COMPUTER
NETWORK SYSTEM
It is an interconnection
of two or more
computers. This
interconnection give
this computer the
capability to share
information and
resources.
PERSONAL AREA
NETWORK (PAN)
Type of connection
which is often limited
to an individual person
in his or her personal
devices. Normally
these devices must be
within range of 10 m
with each other.
LOCAL AREA
NETWORK (LAN)
It is a connection in which a
group of computers and other
devices, such as network
printers share a common
communication line within a
certain area such as building
or small campus. This is done
through a computer server in
which users may access may
be restricted to avoid
unwanted users.
WIDE AREA
NETWORK (WAN)
It is may be less restrictive
than LAN, as rules and policies
may be differ within its
coverage. A WAN maybe
made of several LAN and PAN.
WAN can also be made up of
several more WANs this is why
WAN is considers unanimous
to the internet.
Methods of
Communication
WIRED COMMUNICATION
WIRELESS CONNECTION
Different types of
cables are used to
connect to a given
network. There are
Coxial Cables, fiberoptic Cables,
ethernet cables and
traditional telephone
lines.
It is the transmission of
voice and data without
cable or wires. This
includes microwave
transmission, satellite
communication, cellular
transmission, and radio
transmission such as
wi-fi connectivity.
WIRED COMMUNICATION:
•USB (Universal Serial Bus)
A connection or interface that allows the computer
to communicate with system peripherals such as
keyboard mouse printer.
•FireWire
It is a type of connector that can transmit data to
and from devices which have typical high data
rates such as external hard drives.
WIRED COMMUNICATION:
•HDMI ( High Definition Multimedia Interface)
It is a type of connector that can transmit
data to and from devices which have typical
high data rates such as external hard drives.
•Ethernet
It transmits signals between a computer and
network devices such as a router switch or other
computers.
WIRED COMMUNICATION:
• VGA (Video Graphics Array)
The 15 pin connector has been provided on many
video cards, computer monitors, laptop computers
and projectors.
•Serial
An RS-232 serial connection was one standard
feature of a personal computer used for
connection to modem, printer, mouse and other
peripheral devices.
WIRED COMMUNICATION:
•Parallel
Similar to the serial connection were used
before to connect other computer peripherals
such as printers.
•PS/2
It is a 6 pin connector used to connect the mouse
and keyboard to a computer it is color coded to
identify which perforin will be connected to which
port.
WIRED COMMUNICATION:
•Audio Jacks
Are the 3.5 mm jack is used for microphone as
inputs and speakers as output. It uses color
codes as well as to indicate the type of input
and output lines
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION:
•Wi-Fi
It uses radio waves to wirelessly transmit
information across a network. Wi-fi signals
are transmitted in frequencies of between 2.5
and 5 ghz which are higher than radio and tv
signals to avoid interference
•Bluetooth
It uses radio waves to connect to other devices.
The connection via bluetooth is called pairing.
How Human Communicates
with Computer?
COMPUTER SOFTWARE:
It is a combination of instructions, data and programs that the computer
needs in order to do a specific task. In another term, computer programs.
Everything the computer that can basically be controlled through these
programs.
•Object oriented programming
- It is the common type of programming language used by programmers.
TYPES OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE:
•Application Software
It is computer program designed to carry out a specific
task other than one relating to the operation of the
computer itself, typically to be used by end-users.
•Operating Software
Most important software running on a
computer since it manages the computers
memory and instructions and has the ability
to control all the connected hardware and
install software application.
CHAPTER 2
Thank You
To be continued...
M
E
T
S
Y
S
M
R
O
F
T
PLA
Presented by:
Jhamrene Tuano
SYSTEM PLATFORM
Desktop system differ from mobile system in terms of how each platform treats the
application software installed in the system. A desktop or a loptop computer usually needs an
application program to run a certain application on it, or possibly, multiple one at the same time.
Using a smartphone in accessing the same websites is a different experiences. Instead of
using a web browser to access all three web sites, Mobile Application are used. Mobile
Application have the capacity to run directly on top of the operative system without using web
browsers. Facebook, YouTube, and Gmail are typical example of desktop application that have
mobile counterparts.
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
Two of the most popular
desktop system software or OS
nowadays
are
Microsoft's
Windows and Apple's macOS. In
mobile devices, Apple's uses iOS
for their devices system
software. But while Microsoft is
also using windows for their
mobile
devices
operating
system, it is not leading mobile
OS in the world.
TABLE 2.3 SMARTPHONE OS
MARKET SHARE CHART
online application
software
Application software consists of programs
that are designed to perform specific tasks for
users. Specific application software products
called SOFTWARE PACKAGES, are available
from different vendors. Usually, these software
packages cost money although a lot of
application software is now being made avaible
for free.
Online Application is now introduced with the improved internet speed
being made available to consumers. There are various products available
including Software Tools that were previously identified only as computer
application.
Office productivity tools such as Microsoft Office Suite were only
availble OFFLINE, but now Microsoft has developed Microsoft Office 365
which has been made available to students and teachers for free via their
Office 365 education.
Other ONLINE PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS are also available for organization,
such as data collection and analysis, especially for those in the marketing
industry. PCMag.com has listed down available online survey engines for
2017 and analyzed the top contenders.
Tomsguide.com has also listed down several popular application available in the App Store and
Google Play that can increase productivity, improve efficiency and provide convenience.
1. Any.do- a schedular and reminder notification app
2. Microsoft Office Word, Excel, and Powerpoint- available for free download in both android and
iOS.
3. WPS Office- another office productivity suite that does the same as Microsoft word, Excel, and
PowerPoint.
4. Adobe Acrobat Reader- a PDF reader and annotations app which lets you view and sign PDF
forms.
5. Microsoft Outlook- for reading emails, managing contacts, and calendar
6. Newton Mail- for accessing all emails accounts in one "unified inbox"
7. Forge- a mobile drawing app that allows the user to create sketches and edit photos.
WIX.COM AND WORDPRESS.COM
Wix.com and WordPress.com are two of the most popular websites creation tools available
online. Both tools offer blogging and website content managament system (CMS). Users do
not need to be programmers due to the simple and easy to use design of the CMS.
HOW COMPUTER IMPACT EVERYDAY LIFE
The advent of technologies specifically the development of information
and communication technology has changed the lives of people. Computers,
for example, permeate everyday life as they are used in various fields, in
schools, malls, and hospitals, among others.
The following areas show how computers have made such an impact.
EDUCATION
BANKING
WORKFORCE INDUSTRY
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
HOSPITALS
education
With the use of computers, teachers can do research and enhance
their teaching materials. They can join online forums and conference and
gain new ideas and learn from the latest research findings and trends.
Students use computer with internet access as one of their reference
tools
School administrators use computer for administrative work to ensure
that the entire operation of the school runs proficiently.
Electronic learning (e-learning)is the newest teaching methodology.
BANKING
The computer has made all banking transactions around the world easier
and more secure. It manipulates the entire banking systems as it includes
24- hour electronic banking services.
The service include:
Automated teller machine (ATM)
Cheque deposit
Electronic fund transfer
Direct deposit
Pay by phone system
Personal computer banking/internet banking
workforce industry
Workers, researchers, and administrators benefit from ICT. Computers are used to
expedite production planning and control systems, to support chain management,
and to facilitate product design in the industrial sector.
Some of the large industrial companies that complement ICT include Toyota
Philippines, Honda Philippines, and San Miguel Corporation.
electronic commerce
Electronic commerce or simply e-commerce helps boost the economy. With
computers, internet, and shared software as the main tools needed, buying and
selling activities are made easier, more efficient, and faster.
Customers or clients use computers to communicate with sellers. This method
can save time and cost as comsumers do not have to go phisically to any
outlets or department stores.
hospitals
Hospitals are creating patients databases of health records, treatment
records, and medical records. Also, with the help of ICT doctors use
computers and various medical applications not only for research
advancement but also for faster diagnosis of patients illnesses.
With the development of database and other application, ICT's prevents
medical errors in particular and improve the efficiency of the health system
in general.
THANK YOU!