Republic of the Philippines Commission on Higher Education MIMAROPA REGION Mindoro State University Masipit, Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY Summer Class for S.Y. 2022-2023 Detailed Lesson Plan in Science, Technology and Society Content Standards: The learners demonstrate understanding of views on the essence of technology and its relationship to human existence. Performance Standards: The learners are able to participate in a panel discussion or simulation activity that examines the challenges and opportunities posed by the integration of science and technology into various human conditions. Learning Competency: Analyze the human condition in order to deeply reflect and express philosophical ramifications that are meaningful to the student as a part of society. I. OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, the learners must be able to: II. III. Define and explain what technology is and its essence; Understand the human condition and analyze the effects of science and technology to this condition; and Perceive the danger of the controlling power technology has over humans. SUBJECT MATTER A. Topic: The human person flourishing in terms of science and technology B. Sub-topic: Selected views on technology; Martin Heidegger on science and technology; and The society in the face of science and technology C. References: Science, Technology and Society Book pp. 78-87 D. Materials: PowerPoint Presentation, Visual Aids E. Subject Integration: Science and Ethics, Health, Philosophy, and Sociology PROCEDURE Teacher`s Activity Student`s Activity A. Routine 1. Opening Prayer Please rise and let us put ourselves in the presence of the Lord as we pray. , lead the prayer. Lord, we look to you now for guidance and instruction. We ask that you bless this session in every way. Take full control, Oh God, and may everything go according to your will and purpose in Jesus` name we pray. Amen! 2. Greeting Good morning, class! Good morning Ma`am! 3. Classroom Management Before you take your seats, kindly (The students will pick the pieces of paper pick up the pieces of paper or any and trash and will arrange their chairs properly.) form of trash and align your chairs. You may now be seated. 4. Thank you, Ma`am! Checking of attendance Class secretary, is everybody present today? Yes, Ma`am Very good! It seems that everyone is willing to learn today. Give yourselves a (Students will clap) round of applause. 5. Checking of Assignment By the way, do you have an assignment class? None, Ma`am. Alright! 6. Classroom Rules Before we continue, let us first remember our house rules while we are having our class. In our classroom we… C- Challenge ourselves A- Always adhere to the health protocol R- Respect one another E- Enter the room with everything you need. 7. Recall Okay class, what was our topic last ( A student will raise his/her hand) meeting? Yes, ? Thank you, Last meeting, we discussed about Science and Technology and Nation Building. . Then, who wants to share about the inventions and discoveries that changed the world over the course ( A student will raise his/her hand) history? Yes, ? Throughout history, numerous inventions and discoveries have had a profound impact on the world, shaping the way we live, work, and interact. We have now the printing press, electricity, telephones, personal computer, Internet, and much more significant advancement. Very well said! Let`s give applause! a round of (Students will clap) B. Motivation Before we start our lesson today, I have here pictures related to science and technology. Your task is to interpret what the pictures are portraying. Is it emphasizing the advantage or the disadvantage of science and technology in our society? Explain briefly. 1. 2. 3. . Who wants to interpret the first picture? ( A student will raise his/her hand) Yes, The first picture illustrates the disadvantage of technology in our life. Excessive and compulsive use of mobile phones, leading to negative consequences in various aspects of an individual's life. Mobile phone addiction has been associated with increased levels of anxiety and depression. Moreover, it can interfere with social interactions and relationships among others. ? Very well said! How about the second picture? ( A student will raise his/her hand) Yes, The second picture illustrates the advantage of science and technology in our life. The generation, utilization, storage and distribution of renewable energy were made possible. Advancements like this make our country cost-effective and accessible for a sustainable energy in the future. Very well said! ? Who wants to interpret the last picture? ( A student will raise his/her hand) Yes, The third picture illustrates the disadvantage of science and technology in our life. Technology has also contributed to various forms of pollution, particularly pollutants into the air. We know that air pollution can have detrimental effects on human health and the environment. ? Very well said! Okay, those pictures we have seen illustrate the effects of science and technology to human condition, both the improvements the science and technology brought in society and its damaging effects. C. Presenting the Lesson a. Objectives For us to be guided, let us read the following objectives. Girls, please read the first objective. At the end of the lesson, the learners must be able to: Define and explain what technology is and its essence; Boys, read the second objective. Understand the human condition and analyze the effects of science and technology to this condition; and Altogether, read the last objective. Perceive the danger of the controlling power technology has over humans. Okay, thank you class! b. Activity “Arrange Me” Class, our activity for today is entitled “Arrange Me” wherein we will be arranging jumbled letters do decode some words connected in our lesson. Our words are: 1. A T T O E I S M I A I R S LN 2. X E T I S A T M S E N L I I 3. S P E M I S S I M 4. O T M I S P M 5. G G E I H E D R E Now let’s decode the words that I have given. Who wants to guess the first word? Anyone? ( A student will raise his/her hand) The first word is ARISTOTELIANISM Okay, ? Very good. For the next word? ( A student will raise his/her hand) Yes , The word is EXISTENTIALISM. ? Very good. Now, let’s proceed to the next item. ( A student will raise his/her hand) Okay , The word is PESSIMISM ? That’s correct! For the fourth word, anyone? ( A student will raise his/her hand) Yes , My answer is OPTIMISM. ? Very good! For the last item, anyone? ( A student will raise his/her hand) Yes, The answer is HEIDEGGER. ? That’s correct! These words are the words that we may encounter throughout our discussion. c. Analysis In the activity that we did, what ( A student will raise his/her hand) words have you deciphered? Yes, ? The words we have deciphered are Aristotelianism, Existentialism, Pessimism, Optimism, and Heidegger. Very good! But what do you think is the relation of those words to our lesson today? ( A student will raise his/her hand) Yes, Thank you, ? I think, the first four words such Aristotelianism, Existentialism, Pessimism and Optimism are some of the views relating to science and technology. While the last word, Heidegger, refers to a person. ! Very well said! d. Abstraction Now let us move on and officially begin our discussion. Our lesson for today is all about “The Human Person flourishing in terms of Science and Technology” Technology has undoubtedly been a big part of our lives. Not just that it enhances our way of living or ease the loads of work that we do every day. In research and education, its purpose has always been vast and immense too. Who among you is familiar with (Students will raise their hands) Aristotle? Yes, ? Who is Aristotle? Aristotle is an ancient Greek Philosopher and Polymath who made important contributions to logic, physics, biology, and politics. Very good! Because Aristotle is a Philosophy Scientist, he contributed so much in science, technology political theory, and aesthetics world which had a great impact in today’s advancement. He also contributed on how technology is understood and utilized by the society. Have you heard the words Aristotelianism, Technological Pessimism, Technological Optimism, and Existentialism before? Yes, Ma`am! Okay. Let me first discuss to you what is Aristotelianism. Aristotelianism views technology as basically a means to an end. To Aristotle, technology is the organizing of techniques in order to meet the demand that is being posed by humans. This may seem that technology is primarily concerned with the product. Technology will be judged as either good or bad based on the value given to the product based on its use and effect to the society. In simple words, to Aristotle, technology is something that eases and ends the loads of work of man; however whatever its product and consequences will be will always be still up to the way man uses and utilize it. Did you get my point? Yes Ma'am. Okay. Let’s discuss then the Technological Pessimism. This view is extremely supported by French philosopher Jacques Ellul (19121994). Technological Pessimism holds that although technology progressive and beneficial in many ways, it is also doubtful in many ways. Ellul’s pessimistic arguments are: 1. Technological progress has a price. 2. Technological progress creates more problems 3. Technological progress creates damaging effects, and 4. Technological progress creates unpredictable devastating effects. Although Ellul has strongly spoken of his arguments, they are still found to be weak and not true at all times. Like when he said that technological progress can create more problems than it solves, he seems to have underestimated the objective decisions a technicians, and other technological agencies makes regarding the technology where they weigh the good and bad effects it can have in the society. Understood? Technological Optimism's view on the other hand is strongly supported by technologists and engineers and also by ordinary people who believe that technology can alleviate all the difficulties and provide solutions for problems that may come. It holds that even though technological problems may arise, technology will still be the solutions to it. The extreme version of the philosophy is technocratism which Yes Ma'am. holds technology as the supreme authority on everything. Then lastly we have the so called Existentialism. The main concern of this view is the existence or the mode of being of someone or something which is governed by the norm of authenticity. This view basically Investigate the meaning of existence or being and is always faced with the selection must make with which the existent will commit himself to. Martin Heidegger, a philosopher who was briefly introduced in Unit 1 is one of the most known supporters of this philosophy. He did not stopped at defining what technology is but has dealt with its essence. To Heidegger, the real essence of technology lies in enframing the gathering of the setting upon which challenges man to bring the unconcealed to unconcealment. And this is a continuous revealing. The next section will further discuss the view of Heidegger that technology is a way of revealing. Before we move on to the next, please raise your hand if you’re still (Students will raise their hands) following me. Good. Let’s talk about MARTIN HEIDEGGER ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Martin Heidegger (1889-1996), wellknown German philosopher, examined the two usual definitions of technology: means to an end and a human activity, because he believed that this is kind of confusing and there are questions to it that we easily overlook. These two definitions cannot be separated from each other. He called it the instrumental and anthropological definition of technology or simply means by which the human ends are realized. To Heidegger, this may not bit a false definition but it is misleading one because this limits our thinking. The Instrumental Definition of Technology according to Heidegger encourages us to view technology from different periods of time as not having fundamental differences. But he claimed that this does not show the true essence of technology. He explained that while technology is geared towards meeting a human need, still there is a difference between older handicraft technologies with modern technology. Heidegger also argued that "technology is by no means technological" and should not be seen as merely neutral. The problem begins when humans see it only as a means to an end and disregard the fact that there is a good technology and a bad technology. Another problem Heidegger saw in the instrumental definition of technology that it only invites man to a continual desire to master it which unconsciously may be making technology go out of hand. Heidegger said, “Everything depends on co manipulating technology in the proper manner as a means. We will, as we say, technology spiritually in hand. We will master it. The will to mastery becomes the more urgent the more technology threatens to slip from human control.” With this, he argued that the problem does not fall on making technology better but on how man sets upon technology, his thoughts that makes him blind to the real essence of technology For Heidegger, this correct definition of technology is insufficient as it does not bring out its real essence. He said. “In order that we may arrive at this, or at least come close to it, we must seek the true by way of the correct. We must ask: What is the instrumental itself? Within what do such things as means and end belong?” (In answering these questions, Heidegger arrived at a discussion of causality which to him in reality initially involves four ways that leads for something to exist or to be “caused”). Before we proceed, I want everyone to stand and refreshes, and shake (Students will stand and shake their their body. bodies) Thank you! You may all now be seated. Heidegger further studied ARISTOTLE’S FOUR CAUSES and illustrated it using a silver chalice which he said owes its make up from the four causes. Who among you is familiar with ( A student will raise his/her hand) Aristotle’s Four Causes? Yes, ? Very Good! Very accurate. Let me discuss each further. First, Causa Materialis or the Material Cause. The material by which the silver chalice was made of silver. Causa Formalts or the Formal Cause. The form or the shape that gave the silver chalice its image. Causa Finalis or the Final Cause. The purpose or the primary use by which the silver chalice was made for: to be used during the Holy Communion as a vessel for the wine that represents the blood of Christ. Causa Efficiens or the Efficient Cause. The agent that has caused for the silver chalice to come about: the silversmith. The four causes are all deemed responsible for the bringing forth of the silver chalice. This bringing forth of something is termed as poiesis and this is characterized by an external force. It is bringing something concealed to unconcealment, which then makes technology as not only a means to an end but also a mode of revealing External factors have caused for the I think Aristotle’s Four Causes are Material Cause, Formal Cause, Final Cause, and Efficient Cause. silver chalice to be brought forth. On the other hand, something that came about without any external force, like a flower blooming in the field or a tree bearing its fruit is termed physis. The flower blossomed and the tree bore fruit even without external help Heidegger’s also explained how Technology is a Way of Revealing Heidegger believed that the genuine substance or the real essence of technology is found in enframing. This is the continuous bringing forth of the concealed to unconcealment. This is a non-stop revealing Heidegger saw technology as a way of revealing because it continues to demand for something to be brought out into the open. This bringing forth into the open is a two-way relationship the concealed is calling out for someone to set upon it and bring it to unconcealment and the one who receives the cull sets upon and acts upon to unconceal the concealed. To further illustrate this, he gave some examples through contrasting ancient and modern technology. First, he talked about the ancient windmill which only relies on the wind blowing for immediate energy consumption but cannot store up while the modern windmill unlocks the energy which can be used immediately and can also be stored up for future use. Second, was about the peasant planting seeds who only waits for the bringing forth of the planted seed because there is no challenge set upon the soil. Modern technology of cultivation on the other hand, challenged the field that has caused for agriculture to be revolutionized. Now, food is not only produced for immediate use but can be stored as well for future use and could cater more population. Third, is about the wooden bridge that is built to join river hanks for hundreds of years without challenge being set upon the river. While on the other hand, the hydroelectric plant that was set on Rhine her dammed the river into the hydroelectric plant so that electrical energy can be stored and distributed. Because of this continuous revealing Heidegger also pointed out the danger that comes with technology. The call to unconceal the concealed is also causing something to be concealed even more. And as one tries to understand something, there is a tendency to be closed to the counterpart of that which is being opened to him. There also is the tendency for man to misunderstand the thing that is unconcealed before him Here. Heidegger calls for man to be more discerning and considerate of the things that is being unconcealed before him and thus that have relationship with that thing being unconcealed. The next one is, The Mode of Revealing in Modern Technology Heidegger also explained that technology as a mode of revealing does not stop and continues to be seen in modern technology but not in the bringing forth sense. This is a nonstop revealing Modern technology is revealed by challenging nature, instead of bringing forth, it is setting upon challenges or demands on nature in order to: Unlock and expose. It carries the idea that nature will not reveal itself unless challenge is set upon it. This is true with the hydroelectric plant set upon the Rhine River which unlocked the electricity concealed in it. Stock piles for future use. As technology is a means to an end, it aims to meet future demands. The electricity produced by the hydroelectric plant set upon the Rhine River is being stored for future use in the community. Modern technology is now able to get more from nature by challenging it. As Heidegger (1977) said. “Such challenging happens in that energy concealed in nature is unlocked, what is unlocked is transformed, what is transformed is stored up, what is stored up is in turn distributed, and what is distributed is switched about ever anew Now Let’s move on to The Essence of Technology You as an individual who utilizes technology and what is its essence (Students will raise their hands) in your life? Yes, ? Very well said! The continuous revealing takes place as man allows himself to be an agent in the setting upon of challenges to nature but Heidegger (1977) argues that this is not mere human doing, Man is able to set upon which was already unconcealed as he responds to the call of unconcealment but “when man, investigating, observing, pursues nature as an area of his own conceiving, he has already been claimed by a way of revealing that challenges him to approach nature as an object of research until even the object disappears into the objectlessness of standing reserve” This gathering of the setting upon which challenges man to bring the unconcealed to unconcealment is called enframing with which according to Heidegger, also shoves the essence of modern technology. Enframing is basically putting in order whatever is presented to the man who sets upon the unconcealed. Technology provides me with the tools and resources I need to develop a range of essential skills such as problem-solving, critical thinking, and collaboration. In other words, enframing is how man looks at any matter and seeing how it can be an answer to a need or want. But it is a two-way relationship: man cannot set himself upon unconcealment without unconcealment’s call and the unconcealed will not go into unconcealment without the man responding to its call. This makes modern technology not a mere human doing. Heidegger then argues that the essence of technology lies in enframing How about The Danger of the Nonstop Revealing? As said earlier, the mode of revealing does not stop in modern technology. It continually calls man to respond to what is presented to him or to the demand for better and efficient means to an end. With this comes the continuous challenging forth for the unconcealed to be unconcealed even more. Here lies the danger that Heidegger talked about. Revealing opens up a relationship between man and the world but an opening up of something means a closing down of something which means as something is revealed, another is concealed. An example given by Heidegger on this “the rise of a cause-effect understanding of reality closes off an understanding of God as something mysterious and holy: God is reduced to the god of the philosophers” (Cerbone, 2008). Another danger is when man falls into a misinterpretation of that which presented to him. That is when he sees himself in the object before him rather this wing the object itself. There is also the tendency for man to be fully engrossed with the enframing that he fails to weigh the results and consequences of his setting upon an object which may be destructive not only to himself but even in the surroundings and ether people. This happens when he starts to believe that everything in the human condition can be answered by technology and that even man’s happiness dependent on the continuous modernization of technology The last part of our discussion for today will be about THE SOCIETY IN THE FACE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Anyone who can tell me their idea of the society in the face of science (Students will raise their hands) and technology? Yes, ? Science and Technology introduced us to the building of modern civilization which makes our lives more relaxed and easier. Very well said ! Another? Yes, (Students will raise their hands) ? Very well said! When one looks around him now, he will see that man tends to find his happiness in the works of modern technology, Smart phones, tablets, laptops that come in different shapes and sizes with distinct features seem to be the measure of man’s value. Social media has also affected the life of many. Face to face social interactions are being lessened and people keep working hard to update their gadgets. There seems to be no contentment as every time a new product is released, man finds another need that can only be answered by a new product. These new products also tend to replace man in the society as the demand for manual labor is becoming less and less because of the availability of machineries. This human condition is not of without hope Heidegger argued that this can be prevented if man will not allow himself to be overwhelmed with the enframing that he was set upon, but he pause for a while and Science and Technology brought advantages that changes and drives our economic performance. This allows the exploitation of knowledge and has become a great source of improvements in the quality of life. reflect on the value of what is presented before him. A balance has to be struck between technology being instrumental and anthropological. One has to understand that technology does not only concern the means but also the end as one proverb goes, “The end does not justify the means” For Heidegger, the solution for this is that man would not be controlling and manipulative of what he was set upon but to also allow nature to reveal it to him. With this, according to Heidegger, man will have a free relationship with technology. So this is where our discussion will officially end. Do you understand the lesson? Yes Ma'am! e. Application I will group you into two. Each group will present one impact of science and technology in human flourishing by role playing. Each group will be given 5 minutes to finish the given task and 3-5 minutes for presentation. You will be graded by this rubric. Okay, class time’s up! Group 1, please present your work. Anyone from group 1, who can briefly explain your work? Okay , ? (The students will act out) ( A student will raise his/her hand) Our presentation shows greater access to education and knowledge. Science and technology breaks down barriers and the online learning have discovered. Digital learning empowers students to acquire wider range of knowledge, develop their skills and personal development despite the physical distance. Very good! Now let’s proceed to the second (The students will act out) group’s work. Anyone from group 2 who can ( A student will raise his/her hand) briefly explain the presentation? Okay , ? Our presentation shows the advancement of science and technology in healthcare. Through science and technology, the mortality rates slows down, many healthcare facilities and equipment were built and medicine was discovered leads to longer lifespan and improved quality of life of individuals. Very good! Let us give ourselves a round of (Students will clap) applause. f. Generalization To wrap up our discussion let us summarize our lesson today. Aristotelianism, Technological Pessimism, Technological Optimism, and Existentialism are just some of the philosophies that contributed on how technology is understood and utilized by the society. Again, what are the four causes of (Students will raise their hands) Aristotle? Yes, ? The four causes of Aristotle are: Causa Materialis or the Material Cause, Causa Formalts or the Formal Cause, Causa Finalis or the Final Cause, and Causa Efficiens or the Efficient Cause. Very good! How about the two Philosophers who contributed most in the field of (Students will raise their hands) Science and Technology? Yes, ? Aristotle and Martin Heidegger Again class, science and technology have both brought us ease with our life. It allows an active exploitation of knowledge as well as collaboration globally. But never forget that advancement is another price we need to pay for every benefit we consume. So always be responsible with our actions and bear in mind that the more we demand the more it is the consequences we need to face. That would be all for our lesson today. Thank you for listening and I hope you learn a lot on this discussion. IV.ASSESSMENT All boys read the first direction please. Fill up the table below. All girls read the second one. Explain the meaning of technology, its importance, and its positive and negative effects. Altogether, read the last direction. Write your answer on 1/2 sheet crosswise. Do you have any question clarification about the activity? or None, ma’am! So, you can start answering. Question What is technology? Importance of technology Good Effect of Technology on our Life Dangers of Revealing Technology to people. Answer You only have 2 minutes left. Time’s up! Are you done? Can someone answer the first one? Yes,______? Yes, Ma`am! ( A student will raise his/her hand) Ma’am, technology is the tangible and conceptual usage of proved knowledge in an area of expertise with the objective of developing and improving materials, supplies, and techniques. Science is another sector where technology is used. Okay, Very Accurate! Who has another answer? ( A student will raise his/her hand) Yes, ______ ? Very well said! Let’s proceed to the second question. Who wants to answer? Yes,_____? Very well said! How about the third question? Yes, _____? Technology as discussed has actually no specific meaning to define its essence as explained by Heidegger. He even argued that problem does not fall on making technology better but on how man sets upon technology. With that, Heidegger arrived at a discussion of causality which to him in reality initially involves four ways that leads for something to exist or to be “caused”. ( A student will raise his/her hand) Ma’am, technology has become an integral part of our daily lives. It offers remedies to every person's difficulties. Even if technology difficulties develop, technology will still provide solutions. It is the final word on everything. All technologies are crucial because they are linked to us; we cannot thrive without technology. (A student will raise his/her hand) Technology improves our lives by providing us with necessities such as food and other necessities. It also allows us to communicate effectively; using devices, we can readily communicate with our relatives and friends. It also has an innovation in education in that we can study on various platforms. Technology, such as machines that produce various medicines, allows us to live longer lives. Wow, what a great answer! And for the last question, who ( A student will raise his/her hand) wants to answer? Yes, _____? Ma’am, Heidegger emphasized the dangers associated with technology. The call to reveal the hidden causes something to become even more hidden. And when one seeks to grasp something, he has a tendency to seal himself off to the opposite of what is being opened to him. There is also the possibility that man will misinterpret what is shown to him here. Heidegger encourages man to be more attentive and thoughtful of the things that are revealed before him and thus have a relationship with that which is revealed. Wow, very accurate! Give yourselves ( Students will clap ) a round of applause. Class, you seemed that you've acquired a lot from this lesson! V. Assignment Directions: Make an interview with your family about the personal effects associated with technology. And create a brief conclusion based on the information you've gathered. Write your answer on a one whole sheet of paper. I am expecting that by next meeting, some of you will share something about your assignments. Yes, Ma`am! Understand? Again, thank you for your active participation! Happy learning! Everybody stands! (All Students will stand) Goodbye class! Good bye, Ma`am! Prepared by: Bucalan, Irish Jane Macaguiwa, C-J Magsino, Prences Masangkay, Angel Rose Rabino, Charmaine BSEd Math 2-A4