Design and Fabrication of
Waste Removal Machine
Under the Guidence of :
G. MOHAN RAO
Assistant Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
RGUKT, Nuzvid
Presented by :
BANDI SANDEEP
KARRI CHANDRASEKHAR
NIMMANA VENKATA CHARAN
SHAIK MEERA
KOPPADI ANANDH RAJU
N170786
N170236
N170211
N170642
N170096
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Objective
3.Methodology
4.Tools and equipment utilized
5.Design and Specifications
6.Mechanisms Involved
7.Working Mechanism
8.Prototype setup
9.Advantages and Limitations
10.Applications
11.Future scope
12.Conclusion
13.References
INTRODUCTION
1.
Waste Manegement are the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its
final disposal.
2.
Waste water is defined as the flow of used water from homes, businesses industries, commercial
activities and institutions which are subjected to the treatment plants by a carefully designed and
engineered network of pipes there are large number of machines used for removing wastes from
the drains.
3.
Waste can pose a threat to human health, and waste management practices are intended to reduce
adverse effects of waste on human health, the environment, or aesthetics.
OBJECTIVE
 The main objective of this project to minimize or overcome the problem which can face in the use of
man power to remove Wasteges.
 To propose an alternative solution for removing waste from water bodies, it is important to consider
sustainable and environmentally-friendly methods.
 This type of machine is easy to operate and less time-consuming
 While it's possible that the floating trash collector device could be adapted for use on roads to help
reduce the risk of accidents caused by debris, it's important to carefully consider the differences
between waterways and roads, as well as the specific challenges and safety concerns that may arise.
METHODOLOGY
LITERATURE SURVEY
STUDY OF ROAD
CLEANING
MACHINE,TRACKS
AND OTHER
SELECTION OF
MATERIALS
DESIGN AND
DEVELOPMENT OF
FRAMES
MANUFACTURING OF
MODEL
ASSEMBLY OF MODEL
TESTING OF MODEL
FINAL PRESENTATION
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT UTILIZED
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
DC Gear Motor
12 Voltage and 7 Amperes Battery
2 way Switches
Medical syringes
Propellers
Thermocol Sheets
PVC pipes
3D Printed tooth
Wooden plank support
Wheels
Plastic mesh for conveyor belt
- 14
-1
-7
-6
-2
-3
-as per requirement
-1
-1
-4
-1
DESIGN AND SPECIFICATIONS
1. DEEP GROOVE BALL BEARING
• A ball bearing is a type of rolling-element bearing that uses balls
to maintain the separation between the bearing races. The purpose
of a ball bearing is to reduce rotational friction and support radial
and axial loads.
Specifications:
• Material : Stainless Steel
• Outside diameter : 35 mm
• Inside diameter : 15 mm
• Width : 10 mm
Basic load rating
• Dynamic Loading : 9.95 KN
• Static Loading : 4.75 KN
• Limiting Speed : 19000 rpm
• Total number of bearing : 10 nos
2.D C MOTOR
• A DC motor is a rotary electrical machine that converts direct current electrical energy into
mechanical energy. They works from the forces that produced by magnetic fields. All types of DC
motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic; to periodically change
the direction of current flow in part of the motor.
• For the waste collecting machine we use 2 motors. One is for high torque used for running conveyor
belts and other is a high speed motor used for the rotation of front blades.
Specification and calculations:
Voltage = 12 V
Current = 30 A
High speed motor,
Power = V x I = 12 x 30 = 360W = 360/746
= 0482 HP
Torque = (power in HP x 9550)/ (Speed in rpm)
= (.482 x 9550) / (2500)
= 1.8412 Nm
High Torque motor
Torque = (power in HP x 9550)/ (Speed in rpm)
= (0.482 x 9550) / (750)
= 6.137 Nm
3.CONVEYOR BELT
A conveyor belt is the carrying medium of a belt conveyor system. There are 2 conveyor belts used
which is placed parallel. It is placed one over the other with a small clearance. The belt clearance
can be adjusted according to the materials to be collected. The conveyor belt also helps in crushing
the solid waste like bottles, paper bolls, or any type of air filled or compressible ones. This helps in
the increase collecting the particles.
Specifications:
• Length = 2200 mm
• Width = 310 mm
• Thickness = 1.5 mm
4.PROPELLER
A propeller is a device that converts rotational motion into thrust, which is used to propel a vehicle, such as
an airplane or a boat, through a fluid, such as air or water. It consists of a rotating set of blades or vanes that
are angled to push against the fluid in one direction, creating a force in the opposite direction that moves the
vehicle forward.
Specifications:
• propeller diameter - 30cm
• hub diameter -5cm
• propeller rotation direction- Right and Left
• number of blades - 8
5. SPROCKET
A Sprocket or Sprocket wheel is a profiled wheel with teeth or cogs, that mesh with a chain, track or other
perforated or indented material. The name Sprocket applies generally to any wheel upon which radial
projections engage a chain pass over it.
6. CHAIN
A Chain is a serial assembly of connected pieces, called links, typically made of metal with an overall
character similar to that of a rope in that it is flexible and curved in compression but linear, rigid and
load pairing in tension. A Chain may consists of 2 or more links.
7. SHAFT
A Shaft is a rotating machine element, usually circular in cross section, which is used to transmit power from
one part to another, or from a machine which produces power to a machine which observes power. The
various members such as pulleys and gears are mounted on it.
8.WASTE COLLECTING BIN
All the wastage will be collected by collecting material taken into waste collecting bin, it is in rectangular
shape and it can be replaced. After filling of this bin with waste, worker can remove it from system and
replace by another one.
MECHANISMS INVOLVED
1. Hydraulic Mechanism
• A hydraulic mechanism is a system that uses liquid (usually oil or water) to transmit power and control
the movement of various mechanical components. It consists of a hydraulic pump, a series of pipes or
hoses, valves, cylinders, and motors or other actuators.
• The hydraulic pump is responsible for generating pressure by forcing the hydraulic fluid through the
system. The pressure created by the pump is used to power various hydraulic components such as
cylinders, motors, and valves.
• We have designed a gripper that uses a hydraulic mechanism to securely hold trash, which will help
with efficient waste disposal.
LEAD SCREW MECHANISM
• A Leead Screw mechanism used to convert rotary motion into linear motion. It consists of a threaded
shaft (known as the lead screw) and a nut that rides along the threads of the shaft.
• We have implemented a lead screw mechanism to convert the rotary motion from a motor into linear
motion of a cylinder.
WORKING MECHANISM
• The project waste cleaning machine which we fabricate is easy to construct and
simple in operation. The 12 volt battery is used to drive the geared D.C motor. The
two conveyor roller is fixed to the two ends of the frame stand with the help of an end
bearing (6202) with bearing cap. The conveyor roller shaft is coupled to the D.C.
geared motor . This total arrangement is used to collect trash from water bodies and
on land , transfer the material from one place to another place with the help of
conveyor. There is only one conveyor used in this project that is used for trash
removal from water bodies and even on land.
PROTOTYEPE PROCEDURE AND SETUP
STEP-1 Assembling the materials
Step-2 Assembling the crane, and wire
connections
Step-3 Assembling conveyor belt
Step -4 The finished Prototype.
ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
Advantages:
 Minimizes the labour
 Cleaner method of cleaning water bodies
 It can be used in both Terrestrial and aquatic conditions
 Low cost simple design
 Low maintenance and easy use
Limitations:
 The waste collecting capacity of machine is limited at a time
 The machine is able to collect the waste,which is only floating on the water.
 For stable water ,only we can run this machine not on wavy water.
APPLICATIONS
 It can be used in domestic sewage treatment
 It can be used in plastic industries
 It can be used for the proper treatment of sewage as well as to avoid blockage of drains
 We can also avoid manual indications using Machine learning.
FUTURE SCOPE
 This project will be very useful in cleaning rivers in India.
 In future, it is possible to make it a fully automated system by the implementation of control
algorithms. Thus, this project helps in making our nation clean and healthy.
 It can be used to remove the garbage with higher accuracy from the drainage system.
 It can be used in disaster-affected areas.
 As the system is working continuously in the aqueous environment so we can use the more
effective corrosion resistant material for the good working of the system under water.
CONCLUSION
• This project work has provided us an excellent opportunity and experience, to use our limited knowledge. We gained
a lot of practical knowledge regarding, planning, purchasing, assembling and machining while doing this project
work. We feel that the project work is a good solution to bridge the gates between the institution and the industries.
• We are proud that we have completed the work with the limited time successfully. The DESIGN AND
FABRICATION OF TRASH REMOVAL MACHINE” system is working with satisfactory conditions. We can able
to understand the difficulties in maintaining the tolerances and also the quality. We have done to our ability and skill
making maximum use of available facilities.
• Thus we have developed a TRASH REMOVAL MACHINE” which helps to easily identify the products with
defects. In olden days, it was done by various analysis methods which consumed more time and human power. This
is completely eliminated with the implementation of our project. By using more techniques, they can be modified
and developed according to the applications.
REFERENCES
1.
Rajendra Patil, Rahul Itnare,Sagar Ahirrao,Amol Jadhav,Ajay Dhumal,Study of River Harvesting & Trash
Cleaning Machine,ISBN: 978-81-932074-7-5, March 2016.
2.
Ganesh U L, Vinod V Rampur,Semi-Automatic Drain For Sewage Water Treatment of Floating Materials,
Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2016.
3.
V.S. Bagul,Y.D.Jadhav,S.N.Bachhav and B.A.Bhandane,automatic drainage cleaning system, volume2,
issue2,February 2017.
4.
V.S. Bagul,Y.D.Jadhav,S.N.Bachhav and B.A.Bhandane,automatic drainage cleaning system, volume2,
issue2,February 2017.
5.
J Sri Harsha, D Vijay reddy, AVRK teja, NSK Teja, Ch Satya Kalyan “Design and Dynamic Characteristics
of Suspension system for All-terrain vehicle”.
6.
Professor Yung-Tse Hung (2019) , ‘International journal of environmetal and waste management’.
7.
Aman khan, Anurag Pannase , Amol Sharnagat, Prof. Gaurav Gohane4, (2017) ‘Study of Multipurpose
Road Cleaning Machine’, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET).
8.
Manoj Rathod, Vasand Pund, Rahul Pungal (2016) , “automatic floating waste collector”.
9.
Muhammad KashifShaikh Ghaffar ,M. AadilArshad, Nandkishor S.Kale, Ansari M Bilal, Prof. D. M. Ugle
(2018) “Design and development of floor cleaning machine”.