Geological rocks are naturally occurring solid materials composed of minerals,
organic materials, or both. They are formed through various geological
processes, including cooling and solidification of magma and lava, lithification
of sedimentary particles, and metamorphism due to heat and pressure. Rocks
are classified into three categories: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
Igneous rocks form from the solidification of magma or lava and are
characterized by their grain size and mineral composition. Sedimentary rocks
are formed from sedimentation, cementation, and lithification of particles,
while metamorphic rocks are formed through changes in mineral composition,
texture, and structure due to heat and pressure.