Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila

MODULE 3
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 1
LECTURE NOTES
ON
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
DESIGN (RESIDENTIAL) &
WIRING INSTALLATION
SUBJECT CODE: ESW 1
Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department
1
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila

MODULE 3
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 1
Disclaimer
This document does not claim any originality and cannot be used as a substitute for prescribed
textbooks. The information presented here is merely a collection by the faculty assigned for their respective
teaching loads assignments. Various sources are cited and mentioned at the end of document as well as freely
available open access material from internet were utilized for preparing this document. The ownership of the
information lies with the respective authors or institutions. Further, this document is not indented to be used
for commercial purpose and the faculty are not accountable for any issues, legal or otherwise, arising out of
use of this document. The faculty make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or
completeness of the contents of this document and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of
merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. The faculty member shall not be liable for any loss of profit
or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other
damages.
Acknowledgement
The Faculty member gratefully acknowledge all references utilized for preparing this lecture note also
wants to express gratitude to the person out there who think knowledge should be free and be accessible and
sharable without any restrictions so that every single students on this university has the same opportunity to
explore, expand and become enlightened.
However apart from this lecture notes students are strongly recommended to follow the listed
references at the end of each modules and above all confer and consult with the concern faculty for through
understanding of the given subject in electrical engineering.
Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department
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Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila

MODULE 3
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
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Activities / Instructions
For the Orientation:
-
Accomplish the student’s profile survey form. Link will be posted to your chat box.
-
I will discuss the course syllabus, course requirements, student’s handbook, house rules, and basic use of
MS Teams for your familiarization.
-
Course Duration: We have 6 hours session per week. For one to two hours per meeting, we will be having
a live online video discussion for the scheduled topic and the remaining hours will be a self-pace study of
additional materials, sources and exercises posted on your MS Teams.
-
House Rules: Mute your microphone and off your video so as lagging of presentation can be minimize due
to bandwidth constrain and to avoid unnecessary distraction if the lecture is ongoing especially if your
surrounding area had a lot of unusual sound. Just unmute and open your video when you called to recite,
you can use the virtual raising hand if you want to answer. For any questions or clarifications, you can use
the chat box for any concerns.
-
For Offline students: Study in advance or with-in given time schedule for the subjects and a lot data
allowance for your quizzes and exams for an hour or two. All of you will be given a softcopy via your TUP
e-mail add or hard copy via EE Department distribution of Lectures Notes.
For the Topics:
-
We will be having a live video online lecture and problem-solving discussion. Have your scientific calculator
or E-calculator ready.
-
For interactive discussion, participate on the Q&A portion during end or pausing of lecture.
-
Jot down important lesson notes for you will be able to answer correctly short quizzes given at the end of
each lecture.
-
Link to your quiz will be posted after our live discussion. Kindly accomplish the quiz after the link was
posted for it will expire after one to two hours or less.
-
Recorded online video discussion, additional resources and materials will be given to you as well for your
self-pace study. Please study these lessons.
-
For those who are offline, study and accomplished the exercises given on each Modules hard copy or
Learning Material soft copy. But still you need to go on-line during quizzes and Exams upon receiving the
link on our group chat via messenger.
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Lesson Proper
Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department
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Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila

MODULE 3
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 1
Introduction
Module 3 will last for three weeks it covers the Introduction to 2017 PEC, Electrical Wiring Installation;
starting with electrical symbols, approved electrical wiring methods, splices-joints, wire insulation
classification-ampacity, soldering process and use of simulation software to generate wiring diagram.
Objectives:
After three weeks the students will be able to understand, apply and familiarize on the ff:
a. 2017 PEC Part 1
b. Different symbol use in electrical wiring diagram
c. Different approved wiring methods
d. Execute different types of actual wire splices and joints
e. Classify wire insulations, gauge and ampacity
f. Demonstrate proper soldering techniques
g. Sketch schematic wiring diagram using simulation software
Topic/Content:
A. Introduction to 2017 PEC
B. Electrical Symbol
C. Electrical Wiring Materials
D. Wire Insulations, Gauge and Ampacity
E. Common Wire Splices and Joints (A#1 – Types of Wire Splices and Joints)
F. Basic Soldering Guides (A#2 – Soldering Exercise)
G. Introduction to MULTISIM and EKTS Software
Lesson # 1: Introduction to 2017 PEC
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PEC 2017 is the 9th Edition of Philippines Electrical Code was officially endorsed by the Board of
Electrical Engineering last November 10, 2017.
PEC 2017 took effect 15 days after full and complete publication, publication was done on November
17, 2017.
PEC 2017 took effect last December 2, 2017.
PEC 2017 superseded all previous editions of the Philippines Electrical Code.
PEC 2017 was based on 2017 National Electrical Code and Relevant IEC and Other Standards.
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PURPOSE:
I.
Practical Safeguarding. The main purpose of this code is the practical safeguarding of persons
and property from hazards arising from the use of electricity.
II.
Adequacy. This Code contains provisions that are considered minimum requirements
necessary for safety. Compliance therewith and proper maintenance will result in an
installation that is essentially free from hazards but not necessarily efficient, convenient, or
adequate for good service or future expansions of electrical use.
III.
Intention. This Code is intended as a design specification or an instruction manual to qualified
persons.
IV.
Relation to other International standards. The requirements in this code address the
fundamentals principles of protection for safety contained in Section 131 of International
Electrotechnical Commissions Standards 60364-1, Electrical Installation of Buildings.
CONTENTS AS A WHOLE:
-
-
-
-
Chapter 1 to 4 applies generally to all Electrical Installation
Chapter 1 – General
Chapter 2 – Wiring and Protection
Chapter 3 – Wiring Methods and Materials
Chapter 4 – Equipment for General Use
Chapter 5 to 7 supplements or modifies Chapter 1 through Chapter 4
Chapter 5 – Special Occupancies
Chapter 6 – Special Equipment
Chapter 7 – Special Conditions
Chapter 8 and Chapter 9 are not subject to the requirement of Chapter 1 through 7 except where
the requirements are specifically referenced
Chapter 8 – Communication System
Chapter 9 – Watercraft
Chapter 10 – Tables
Appendix
CAPS - Number Coding:
C – Chapter ------------------------ 1
A – Article --------------------------1.2
P – Part ----------------------------- 1.2.3
S – Section ------------------------- 1.2.3.4
1.2.3.4(a)
Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department
Reference Example:
PEC 2017 Article 1.0
Introduction
PEC 2017 Section 1.0.1.1(A) Practical Safeguard
5
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CONTENTS PER CHAPTER:
Chapter 1 – General
1.0 – Introduction
1.1 - Definition of Terms
1.2 - Permits and Inspection Certificates
1.3 - Electrical Plans and Specifications
1.10 – Requirements for Electrical Installations
Chapter 2 – Wiring and Protection
2.0 - Use and Identification of Grounded Conductors
2.1 - Branch Circuit
2.15 – Feeders
2.20 – Branch Circuit, Feeders and Service Load Calculation
2.25 – Outside Branch Circuits and Feeders
2.30 – Services
2.40 – Overcurrent Protection
2.50 – Grounding and Bonding
2.80 – Surge Arrester, Over 1000 Volts
2.85 – Surge-Protective Devices (SPDs), 1000 Volts or Less
2.90 – Protection Against Lightning
Chapter 3 – Wiring Methods and Materials
3.0 – General Requirements for Wiring Methods and Materials
3.10 – Conductors for General Wiring
3.42 – Intermediate Metal Conduit (IMC)
3.44 – Rigid Metal Conduit (RMC)
3.48 – Flexible Metal Conduit (FMC)
3.50 – Liquidtight Flexible Metal Conduit (LFMC)
3.52 – Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Conduit (PVC)
3.53 – High Density Polyethylene Conduit (HDPE)
3.54 – Nonmetallic Underground Conduit with Conductors (NUCC)
3.55 – Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Conduit (RTRC)
3.56 – Liquidtight Flexible Nonmetallic Conduit (LFNC)
3.58 – Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT)
3.60 – Flexible Metallic Tubing (FMT)
3.62 – Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing (ENT)
3.92 – Cable Trays
3.98 – Open Wiring on Insulators
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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
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Chapter 4 – Equipment for General Use
4.0 – Flexible Cords and Flexible Cables
4.2 – Fixture Wires
4.4 – Switches
4.6 – Receptacles, Cord Connectors, and Attachment Plugs (Caps)
4.8 – Switchboards, Switchgear and Panel Boards
4.9 – Industrial Control Panels
4.10 - Luminaires, Lamp Holders and Lamps
4.30 – Motors, Motor Circuits, and Controller
4.40 – Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Equipment
4.45 – Generators
4.50 – Transformers and Transformer Vaults
Chapter 5 – Special Occupancies
5.0 – Hazardous Locations
5.17 – Health Care Facilities
5.20 – Theaters, Audience Areas of Motion Picture and Television Studios
5.50 – Mobile Homes, Manufactured Homes, and Mobile Home Parks
Chapter 6 – Special Equipment
6.0 – Electric Signs and Outline Lighting
6.10 – Crane and Hoists
6.20 – Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators Moving walks, Platform Lifts and Stairway Chairlifts
6.25 – Electric Vehicle Charging System
6.26 – Electrified Truck Parking Spaces
6.30 – Electric Welders
6.80 – Swimming Pools, Fountains and Similar Installations
6.90 – Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Electric Power Production Facilities
6.95 – Fire Pumps
Chapter 7 – Special Conditions
7.0 – Emergency System
7.60 – Fire Alarm System
7.70 – Optical Fiber Cables
Chapter 8 – Communication System
8.0 Communication Circuits
8.10 – Radio and Television Equipment
8.30 – Network Powered Broadband Communication System
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Chapter 9 – Watercraft
Chapter 10 – Tables
10.1.1.5 – Dimensions of Insulated Conductors and Fixture Wires
10.1.1.9 – AC Resistance and Reactance Table
Appendix
A – Electrical Symbols
B – Application Information for Ampacity Calculation
C – Conduit and Tubing
D – Wiring Design Examples
IMPORTANT TABLES:
2.10.2.3 – General Lighting Loads by Occupancy
2.10.2.4(B)(2) – Maximum Cord and Plug Connected Load to receptacle
2.20.2.3 – General Lighting Loads by Occupancy
2.20.3.3 – Lighting Load Demand Factors
2.20.3.15 – Demand Factors for Household Electric Clothes Dryer
2.20.3.16 – Demand Factors and Loads for Household Electric Ranges
2.20.4.5 – Optional Calculation Demand Factors for Three or More Multifamily Dwelling Units
2.40.1.6(A) – Standard ampere Ratings for Fuses and Inverse Time Circuit Breaker
2.50.3.17 – Grounding electrode Conductor for Alternating Current Systems
2.50.6.13 – Minimum Size Equipment Grounding Conductors for Grounding Raceway and Equipment
3.10.2.6(B)(2)(a) – Ambient Temperature Correction Factors Based on 30°C
3.10.2.6(B)(16) – Allowable Ampacities of Insulated Conductors Rated Up To And Including 2000 Volts,
60°C Through 90°C. Not More Than Three Current-Carrying Conductors in Raceway,
Cable or Earth (Directly Buried), Based on Ambient Temperature Of 30°C.
4.30.4.2 – Maximum Rating or Setting of Motor Branch Circuit and Ground Fault
4.30.14.2 – Full Load Current in Amperes, Single-Phase Alternating Current Motors
4.30.14.4 – Full Load Current, Three-Phase Alternating current Motors
4.30.14.5(A) – Conversion Table of Single-Phase Locked Rotor Currents for selection of Disconnecting
means and Controllers as Determined from Horsepower and Voltage Rating
4.30.14.5(B) – Conversion Table of Polyphase Design B, C, and D Maximum Locked Rotor Currents for
selection of Disconnecting means and Controllers as Determined from Horsepower and
Voltage Rating and Design Letter.
C.5 – Maximum Number of Conductors or Fixture Wires in Liquid tight Flexible Nonmetallic Conduit
C.9 – Maximum Number of Conductors or Fixture Wires in Rigid Metal Conduit
C.11 – Maximum Number of Conductors or Fixture Wires in Rigid PVC Conduit, Schedule 40 and HDPE
Conduit
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Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
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MODULE 3
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
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Lesson # 2: Electrical Symbol
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Based on 2017 PEC Part I the following are standard symbols:
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MODULE 3
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
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Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department
10
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila

MODULE 3
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 1
Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department
11
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila

MODULE 3
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
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Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department
12
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila

MODULE 3
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
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Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department
13
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila

MODULE 3
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
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Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department
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Technological University of the Philippines
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
MODULE 3
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
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Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department
15
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
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
MODULE 3
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
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16
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
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
MODULE 3
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
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Lesson # 3: Electrical Wiring Materials
I. APPROVED TYPE OF WIRING METHOD BY P.E.C.
a) Conductors on Insulator Method:
1. Open wiring on insulator - installed exposed*
2. Concealed knob and tube work - installed hidden by portion of the building*
b) Cable Wiring Method:
1. Armored (BX) cable*
2. Metal-clad cable
3. Mineral insulated metal sheathed cable
4. Non-metallic sheathed cable
5. Shielded non-metallic sheathed cable
6. Service entrance cable
7. Underground feeder & branch circuit cable
8. Power and control tray cable
9. Flat conductor cable
10. Medium voltage cable
11. Integrated gas spacer cable
c) Raceway Method
1. Intermediate metal conduit (IMC)*
2. Rigid metal conduit (RMC)*
3. Rigid non-metallic conduit (PVC)*
4. Electrical metallic tubing (EMT)*
5. Flexible metallic tubing (FMT)*
6. Liquid-tight flexible metallic tubing
7. Liquid-tight flexible non-metallic tubing
8. Metallic surface raceway*
9. Wooden surface raceway*
10. Non-metallic surface raceway*
11. Underfloor raceway
12. Cellular metal floor raceway
13. Cellular concrete floor raceway
14. Wireways*
15. Busways*
16. Cable trays*
17. Cable bus
18. Flexible metallic conduit*
19. Electrical non-metallic tubing
20. Multi-outlet assembly
* The most used methods done by electrical practitioners
II. Common Materials Required on House Wiring Installation
There are two classification to choose from, surface mounted type and flushed or recessed mounted
type. Most common surface mounted are install on wood surfaces that has no double wall and no ceiling cover
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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
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that will conceal the raceway, conduit, utility box, junction box and panel boards. While recessed mounted
type able to conceal all of this, only the front cover of each box is visible such as; Lamp receptacle, convenience
outlet, switches and panel cover. So, the following materials are;
1. Service Entrance
o Service Entrance Cap
o RMC
o Service Entrance Conductor
o Meter base
o Grounding Electrode and Conductor
o Accessories (LB pull box, eye bolt or chocolate knob, clamps, concrete post)
2. Panel Board (PP, LP, LPP)
o Circuit Breaker / Fuse (MCB and BCB / MF-DS and BF-KS)
o Wires for Hot, Neutral and Grounding Equipment (Main Feeder and Branch Circuit Feeder)
o Neutral Bus
o Ground Bus
o Bonding Wire
3. Outlets
o Convenience Outlets (Single or Duplex)
o Cooking Range Outlets
o Special Purpose Outlets (ACU, Water Heater, Exhaust Fan)
o Weatherproof Convenience
o GFCI
o AFCI
4. Lamp outlets
o Incandescent or LED lamp
o Vapor Discharge Lamp
o Drop Control Lamp
o Exit lamp
o Fluorescent Lamp
5. Boxes
o Junction Box
o Utility Box
o Pull Box
6. Switches
o Safety Switch
o Disconnecting Switch
o Transfer Switch
o Single Pole
o Duplex (2 gang Switch)
o Triplex (3 gang Switch)
o Double Pole
o Three Pole
o Three Way
o Four Way
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7. Raceway (Wood, Metal, Non-Metallic)
o PVC
o RMC
o IMC
o EMT
o FMT
o FNMT
8. Others
o Wires and Cables
o Electrical Tools and Equipment
o Accessories depending on what method of raceway
o Electrical Tape, Male Plugs, Mica Tube, etc.
1. SERVICE ENTRANCE:
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20
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2. PANEL BOARD (PP, LP, LPP)
Source: Reddit
Source: KNK electric
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Source: Lowe’s
Source: DIY Chatroom
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3. OUTLETS
urces
Source: This Old House
CONVENIENCE OUTLET
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Source: Amazon.com
WEATHERPROOF OUTLET
Source: Build My Own Cabin
COOKING RANGE OUTLET
Source: Carousell
AIRCON OUTLET
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AFCI OUTLET
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GFCI Outlets
GFCI stands for ground fault circuit interrupter. A GFCI is required in any areas with an increased risk of shock
due to electrical hazards, such as water. In order to protect you from electrical hazards, a GFCI monitors
electrical current, turning off an electrical circuit when it detects an imbalance - current flowing along an
unintended path. Think of a GFCI as a small, extra-sensitive circuit breaker built right into an outlet to protect
you against electrocution – even in outlets that are not grounded. GFCIs are currently required for use in:

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Bathrooms
Kitchens
Laundry and utility rooms
Garages
Crawlspaces and unfinished basements
Wet bars
The exterior of your home/business
Spa and pool areas
Note: Never use GFCI outlets with refrigerators, freezers, or other appliances, as they could trip without your
knowledge.
AFCI Outlets
AFCIs stand for arc-fault circuit interrupters, and they protect you from electrical dangers, but of a different
variety – those that create heat via arcing. Examples include a rodent chewing on a wire, driving a nail through
a wire, or a device overheating where it is plugged into the wall. AFCIs detect this arcing, shutting down outlets
before damage can occur. They are not found in wall receptacles like GFCIs, but instead are easily incorporated
into your home or business’ main service panel in the form of specialized circuit breakers. AFCIs are required
in:
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Bedrooms
Any sleeping area: dens, foldout couches, etc.
Kitchens
Laundry areas
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4. LAMP OUTLETS
Source: Gladiator Lighting
FLUSH MOUNTED LAMP RECEPTACLE
Majority of lamp outlets depend on lighting fixture designs all of them are directly connected to
required supply and control switch. Such types can be suspended, recessed and wall mounted.
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5. BOXES
OCTAGON JUNCTION BOX
UTILITY BOX
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SQUARE JUNCTION BOX
PULL BOX
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6. SWITCHES
SAFETY / DISCONNECTING SWITCH
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3 GANG SWITCH
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Source: bookingritscarlton.info
THREE WAY SWITCH CONNECTION
FOUR WAY SWITCH CONNECTION
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MODULE 3
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
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7. RACEWAY (WOOD, METAL, NON-METALLIC)
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MODULE 3
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Source: Cantex Inc.
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source: alieexpress.com
WOOD EFFECT SURFACE MOULDING
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8.
WIRES AND CABLES
Cables are those which are larger than the wires. Used for small and big industries, distribution lines,
transmission lines. Wires are those electrical conductors that are 8 mm2 (A.W.G. # 8) or smaller in size. Used
for domestic and small industry wiring in appliances.
Wires and cables are the most widely used conductor to transmit electricity from one place to another.
This can be made of copper or aluminum and can be in the form of solid wire (a single strand) or stranded
wires (multiple strands joined to make a single wire.)
One more thing to keep in mind is to select the style of wire that best fits your needs. In installations
using metal conduit, the solid wire doesn't always pull as easily if the conduit has many bends. But solid wire
is usually easier to secure under screw terminals, such as those found on standard switches and receptacles.
The below table further shows some conditions where solid or stranded wire will be advantageous to
use.
Understanding Wire Size
Different types of wire are intended for different uses, but with any of these wire types, knowing the
right wire size, is key to making the right choice. Wire gauge refers the physical size of the wire and it can be
measured using American Wire Gauge (AWG) system or by metric system. The smaller the gauge number, the
larger the conductor size.
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MODULE 3
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Common sizes include 14-, 12-, 10-, 8-, 6-, and 2-gauge wire. The size of the wire dictates how much
current can safely pass through the wire.
Understanding Wire Colors
Electric wire colors do matter. Each color serves a different purpose and you should be aware that all
wires, no matter their function or color, can carry a current at some point, so treat all wires with equal caution.
There are different wire color code standards in place, so it is important to understand which one to follow in
which situation. The standards used will vary based on what country the wiring is being done in, and the type
electricity it is for, and other factors. Learning about wire color code is essential for workplace safe
Wire Colors for DC Power
When wiring for DC power,
there are typically going to be either
two or three wires.
The coloring is as follows:
Positive - The wire for the positive current is red.
Negative - The wire for the negative current is black.
Ground - The ground wire (if present) will be white
or grey.
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MODULE 3
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Wire Colors for AC Power
AC power comes in many different types based on how many volts the wires will be carrying.
Black - indicates a hot or live wire that’s carrying a current and is used for power in all circuits. These wires
feed an outlet or switch and are often used as switch legs (the connection that runs from the switch to the
electrical load).
Red - this will be your second hot wire when doing a 220-volt installation for large appliances such as a stove,
clothes dryer, or air conditioner.
Blue and Yellow - these two colors are hot wires usually pulled in conduit for common plug-in electrical
devices. Blue wires are used as travelers, usually on three- or four-way switches (controlling a light from
multiple locations) or as switch legs for things such as fans or lights. Yellow wires are almost always used as
switch legs for outlets, fans, or lights.
White or gray - National Electrical code (NEC) says white or gray must be used for neutral conductors, which
provides the return path for the current carried by the hot wires and is grounded within the electrical panel.
Green, green with a yellow stripe, or bare copper - National Electrical code (NEC) says that these are
bare copper or green wires must be used as ground wires that keep you, your appliances, and your home safe
from electrical fires. Their purpose is to provide a path for a circuit’s electrical current if a device shorts out or
trips a breaker.
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MODULE 3
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Understanding Types of Wire Insulation
The important labeling on individual wires relates to the wire insulation—the plastic coating that
covers the metal conducting wire. The most common types of wire used in home wiring includes THHN, THWN,
THW and XHHN.
Here's what the letters on the labels mean:
T : Thermoplastic insulation, a fire-resistant material
H : Heat-resistant; able to withstand temperatures up to 167 F.
HH : Highly heat-resistant; able to withstand temperatures up to 194 F.
W : "Wet," or approved for damp and wet locations; this wire is also suitable for dry locations
X : Insulation made of a synthetic polymer that is flame-retardant
N : Nylon-coated for resistance to oil and gasoline
FLAT CORD
Is a duplex stranded wire used for temporary wiring
installation and commonly used in extension cord assembly.
It comes in a roll of 150 meters and with sizes of gauge # 18
and gauge #16 AWG (American wire gauge).
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MODULE 3
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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
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II. Essay. In your own words, explain the importance of knowing the various electrical wiring materials and
uses. (10 points)
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MODULE 3
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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
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TYPES OF WIRE SPLICES & JOINTS
ESW 1 – ACTIVITY #1
SUBMITTED BY:
_________________________________
BSEE – 1___
SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. EDWIN C. ESPINAS
DATE:
__________________________
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
MODULE 3
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 1
For your first actual activity each one of you will have to practice and execute doing the different
types of wire splices and joints by applying what you have learned in the actual demonstration and series
of you tube videos. And you need to clip each one of them on a thin plywood or one fourth size illustration
board complete with name tag. Then to be presented to me on-line for actual checking and you need to
take picture of it for documentation of your first actual activity and shall be posted on the empty space
allotted below.
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Lesson #5: Basic Soldering Guides
Soldering is the least “aggressive” way of joining non-ferrous metals together, and is used universally
in electronics, air conditioning and refrigeration circuits, household plumbing and more besides – applications
where the precise joining together of components at moderate temperatures is needed. Further up the scale,
brazing involves using higher temperatures to melt brazing rods onto larger metal parts, perhaps to repair a
metal chair, lawnmower or to fabricate metal components or jewelry into intricate shapes. Lastly, welding is
a very aggressive way of fabrication using welding rods or wire; steel girders, oil rigs and ships are all welded
together, or robotic spot welding is used for the mass production of, say, washing machines or car bodyshells
using sheet steel to make strong rigid assemblies.
The principle behind soldering sounds quite simple: the idea is to join components together to form
an electrical connection, by using a mixture of lead and tin solder or alternatively “lead-free” solder (an alloy
of tin and copper), which is melted onto the joint using a soldering iron. Successful soldering requires that the
items being soldered together are held with as little movement as possible. It’s best to secure the work as
needed, so that your accuracy isn’t affected should the workpiece move accidentally.
QUICK SUMMARY GUIDE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Ensure materials to be soldered are compatible with tin/ lead or lead-free solder.
All parts must be clean and free from dirt and contaminants.
Try to secure the workpiece firmly during soldering.
Brand new soldering iron tips must be flooded with solder immediately, the first time they are used.
Wipe the tip of the hot soldering iron on a damp cellulose sponge at frequent intervals. Then “tin” the
iron tip by applying a small amount of solder.
Aim to heat all parts of the joint with the iron for under a second or so, to bring them up to the same
temperature.
Continue heating and apply enough rosin-core tin/ lead or lead-free solder to form a complete joint.
It only takes a second at most, to solder the average PCB joint. It should be smooth and shiny, and
through-hole joints should be slightly convex in shape.
Remove the iron and return it safely to its stand.
Do not move parts until the solder has cooled.
Tin the soldering iron tip and clean it well, when switching it off, ready for next time.
Consider using e.g. electronics flux dispenser pens or Colophony (rosin) to help with difficult joints.
POSSIBLE HAZARDS AND SIMPLE FIRST AID:
It’s extremely rare that soldering iron operators receive any burns or other injuries from the use of
hot soldering irons. Soldering is perfectly safe provided that common sense precautions are taken during the
soldering operation. Here are some of them:
1. Components are very hot after soldering, so let them cool before handling them to avoid skin burns.
2. Beware of splashes of molten solder caused by careless handling of a hot soldering iron.
3. Beware of energized components (capacitors, batteries etc.) being shorted by molten solder and
ejecting solder splashes due to arcing.
4. Always park a hot iron safely on a stand in between use — never hang it vertically next to the bench.
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5. Keep a hot soldering iron away from its mains cable (silicone cables reduce the risk of accidental
damage).
6. Beware of wire offcuts flying off (danger to eyesight) when snipping wires to length before or after
soldering.
7. Avoid inhalation of solder and flux fumes as this can irritate the respiratory tracts, especially in
sensitive cases (e.g. asthma).
8. Should you receive a more serious skin burn which requires attention, then: Cool the affected area
immediately. Use plenty of cooler running water – but avoid ice cubes etc. as they can cause nerve
damage after a time or inhibit the flow of blood to the affected area.
9. Remove any objects which may be constrictive, before any swelling starts (rings, watches, bracelets).
10. Do not prick blisters nor apply ointments, salves or lotions at this stage.
11. Local pain relief for small burns can be obtained by spraying Burneze aerosol onto unbroken skin.
12. Seek medical attention for more serious burns.
13. Eyesight problems are exceptionally rare, e.g. pieces of wire offcuts or solder splashes lodging in the
eye area, and should be treated by a qualified first-aider or A&E.
14. The best you can do is bathe the affected area with e.g. a first-aid eyewash bottle or fresh water.
Then seek professional medical help straight away.
source: amazon.com
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57
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MODULE 3
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TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE:
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SOLDERING EXERCISES
ESW 1 – ACTIVITY #2
SUBMITTED BY:
_________________________________
BSEE – 1___
SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. EDWIN C. ESPINAS
DATE:
__________________________
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MODULE 3
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ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 1
For your second actual activity each one of you will do some sort of soldering exercises, based on
demonstrated procedures and you tube videos choose at least five joints on your first activity and soldered
the whole portion of connection, then clip it back for online checking. Take a picture afterwards for your
documentation. Picture taken shall be attach on the empty space below.
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MODULE 3
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Lesson # 6:
I.
Electrical Control Techniques Simulator (EKTS)
A. Description
Electrical Control Techniques Simulator – EKTS is a motor control simulation software for designing
Electromechanical Systems. It allows you to design variety of electromechanical systems using relays, time
relays, buttons, motors, switches and some basic mechanical systems. EKTS motor control circuit simulator
allows building custom motor circuits using different motor types, including single and three phase motors, in
different quantities. Main usage of this simulator is aiming to teach basics of Electromechanical systems;
therefore, it has error pointing feature which shows exact location of error and causes that produces error.
Other useful feature of simulator is listing all used circuit elements for calculating price and defining parts with
quantities that will be used in circuit.
EKTS software doesn’t calculate current flow and power distribution through circuit elements,
therefore it doesn’t guarantee having same result in real environment. We strongly recommend having
approval by competent supervisor before applying designed circuits in real environment.
B. EKTS simulator software Features
1. Design and test Electromechanical circuits
2. Study working principles and analyses current flow process through circuit
3. Design custom motor circuits using different motor types together
4. Take print out of circuit or save as image for preparing study materials
5. Supports GIF, BMP, JPEG, PNG image output formats
6. Test circuits before applying them on the plant
7. List used elements to define their configuration
8. Find exact location and cause of error
9. User interface in English, Turkish, Bulgarian, Dutch, Farsi and Arabic languages
C. Requirements
To install CLICK on https://veppa.com/ekts and run EKTS software Microsoft .NET Framework is
required. Microsoft .NET Framework file dotnetfx.exe can be downloaded from Microsoft web site.
How to get .NET Framework




.NET Framework Version 2.0
.NET Framework Version 1.1
Install Through Windows Update
search for .NET Framework redistributables
D. Operation
Upon completion of downloading the application it is strongly advised to view the tutorial video
available on the link provided or search it on You Tube to make it easier to understand and utilized the
application ASAP. The following guides will help your navigation on the application.
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1. Open or double click your application icon on your desktop as shown on Figure 6.1.
Figure 6.1 EKTS shortcut icon
2. Upon opening it will open as shown on Figure 6.2, afterwards click the center image and zoom in the left
corner portion where-in all ribbons control are in placed.
Figure 6.2 Initial opening of the application
3. Base on zoom in ribbon as shown on Figure 6.3, first icon is for new file, followed by for opening of already
saved files, third one is for saving for your new file or if you done editing on your old files. Fourth one
which resemblance of x is for deleting a file, followed by printing icon, then for six icon is a drop-down
library component in which you can choose all your needed electrical symbol to connect as shown on
Figure 6.4. While second to the last is for the summary of list of component you utilized upon completion
of the diagram and the last icon which is the green triangle is for you to be able to run your simulation and
determine if there will be error or not. If found ok meaning all components function as you design it,
simulation will be able to play continually on different conditions you set it.
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Figure 6.3 Ribbon Control
Figure 6.4 Drop-down Library of Components
4. Then you can start choosing all the components you wanted to utilize and connect them one by one as
you design it base on ladder diagram principles showing your motor control circuit and motor power
circuit. As shown on Figure 6.5.
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Figure 6.5 Complete Simulated Circuit
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MODULE 3
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MODULE 3
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Assessment Procedure:
-
-
-
Participate on the Q&A portion
You will be having an online quiz and prelims using MS Forms after the live discussion. Please attach
the scanned image of your handwritten solution on the quiz and prelims form if required. Write
your solution legibly.
Assignment must be submitted on your MS Team notebook or files on or before our next live online
meeting.
Checking of actual accomplish JOB activity output and documentation will be rated as follows:
a. Workmanship…………………………………….………………………………..………… - 60 points
b. Proper Format Presentation and Organization …............................... - 25 points
c. Creativity and Personal Understanding…………..………………...……………. - 15 points
TOTAL = 100 points
Documented activities must be submitted on your MS Team notebook or files on or before given
deadline per activity.
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Other Resources:
-
-
Power Point Lecture & Module 1-5 Lecture Notes
YouTube Videos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Jo87aIt1qM
(circuit simulation using NI Multisim Live)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qps9woUGkvI&t=1s
(Soldering Tutorial for Beginners: Five Easy Steps)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BxASFu19bLU
(How to Solder / Soldering Basics Tutorial | AnthonyJ350)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTYDSCUUDSQ
(10 Soldering Tips to Instantly Improve Your Soldering Skills)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yScMj9gBWG4
(Common Electrical Wire Splices and Joints|Video Tutorial)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9eppnLrKGDw
(Proper Wire Joint)
EKTS Simulation Software Link
https://veppa.com/ekts
NI Multisim Live Software Link
https://www.multisim.com
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