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Cjkio Aujok4
Ghrrhgje _rhok Bhrfejks
(-3>>>u tf =2>>u)
Rktrjkvko cfr MKE_MF@/EHSMF@
MKE_MF@/EHSMF@ (]FIK@E SJAJI)
]uppik`kethi Jecfr`htjfe cfr Ihemkr v 8.<.;
Qrjttke by @jauki Ifpkz
_j`kijek
Jetrfoumtjfe
Ht-H-Aihemk
Ht-H-Aihem
k
Ghrrhgjs
_lk Ifea Okkp Xujkt
H Lkhoikss
Lkhoikss Ikvjhtlhe,
Ikvjhtlhe, H @kikk
@kikk Qjtlfut
Qjtlfut Lfefr
H Mrfwe fc
fc Khrtl heo
heo ]thrs
_lk Ihst Hrau`ket fc Gjeas
Heefru` _yrheeus
Oyehstjmihok
LKIIF, F[_ _LKRK
Mfemursus Okikeoh Kst
H Mrfwe fc
fc Ehtjfes
Bfre _f Aifry
Bhmgarfueos, Efbik
Bhmgarfueos, Jaefbik
Akhr, Bhrfejm
Je ^hrt 2 fc tlk Cjkio Aujok tf tlk Ghrrhgje _rhok Bhrfejks...
Je Jrfe Miho
_lk Rfyhi Hmhok`y
Iuorh‚s @hijaehet Lkhrt
_lk Arkht Mf`phejks
H _lrfek Fvkr _lk Ekw
Ekw Qfrio
8
_j`kijek
-3>>>u (kstj`htko) _lk Hpfiif skttiks Ghrrhgjs
-;>>>u tf -?:>>u (kstj`htko) ^rk-Heefru` Krh
-?:>>u tf 8;>>u (kstj`htko) Heefru` ^hsshmhaijh
^hsshmhaijh
8;>>u tf 2>>>u (kstj`htko) _lk Ihst Hrau`ket fc Gjeas
2>>>u tf 22>>u (kstj`htko) Heefru` _yrheeus
22>>u tf 2?>>u (kstj`htko) Oyehstjmihok
2:>>u - =2>>u _lk Ekw Ckokrhtjfe
=2>>u - _lk Ghrrhgje _rhok Bhrfejks
Jetrfoumtjfe
_lk Ghrrhgje _rhok Bhrfes js he fijahrmljm, pfiytk`pfrhi oyehstjm Ckokrhtjfe wjtl h ifea ljstfry
fc whr heo trhok. Efw tlk sjeaik ihrakst suppijkr cfr [ejfe‚s rhw `htkrjhi hppktjtk, tlk Bhrfejks
hrk gefwe cfr tlkjr kxpkrtjsk je `jejea heo rksfurmk kxtrhmtjfe, tkrrkstrjhi, frbjthi, dfvjhe, heo
ftlkrwjsk.
_lk Bhrfejks hrk h rhrjty h`fea ahihmtjm sthtks4 cfueoko prk-chii, tlkjr sfmjkty heo muiturk lhs -`uml ijgk tlk Hue -- mlhrtko he uebrfgke ljstfry crf` cfueohtjfe tf tlk prksket ohy. Lfwkvkr,
wlkrk tlk Hue rkahro Mrhoik hs tlkjr ifea ifst lf`kwfrio, pkfpik je tlk Bhrfejks akekrhiiy of
eft lfio Mrhoik je tlht sh`k rkahro. Jestkho, Ghrrhgjs, tlk Bhrfejks‚ cjrst wfrio, fmmupjks tlht
vkekrhtko pfsjtjfe je tlkjr muiturhi `ytlfifay7 Mrhoik js sj`piy rkmfaejzko hs tlkjr spkmjks frjaje
pfjet, heo eft h lf`kiheo tf bk rkmihj`ko, ifeako cfr, fr kvke vjsjtko.
Ghrrhgjs whs skkoko
skkoko by fek
fek fc tlk khrijkst
khrijkst fc tlk _ke8, tlk Hpfiif2, h tjthejm akekrhtjfe sljp
ihuemlko prk-Chii. By hii [ejfe hmmfuets -- uemfvkrko prk-Chii rkmfros heo khriy Bhrfejm
ljstfrjks -- tlk Hpfiif hrrjvko hbfvk Ghrrhgjs heo summksscuiiy mfifejzko tlk wfrio. _lk Khriy
8
’_lk _ke‐ rkckrs tf tlk tke `hssjvk akekrhtjfe sljps ihuemlko crf` Mrhoik hrfueo tlk tj`k fc tlk Chii.
]FIK@E SJAJI MIKHRHEMK (KZK]
(KZK] FEIZ)4 Qk hrk hwhrk fc tlk jemfearukemy wjtl tlk Hmmkptko
_j`kijek. ^ikhsk rkckr tf rkpfrt(s)4 EF@HO QH_ML_FQKR,
QH_ML_FQKR, FOZ]]KZ MHEEFE,
MHEEFE, heo BRKHGQH_KR
MLHRJF_ cfr okthji.
2
2
Hpfiifejhes bkmh`k tlk cfueojea
Hpfiifejhes
cfueojea akekrhtjfe
akekrhtjfe fc
fc Ghrrhgjes wlf, fvkr
fvkr tlfusheos
tlfusheos fc ykhrs
ykhrs fc
jsfihtjfe, okvkifpko tlkjr fwe rfbust muiturk jeokpkeoket fc Mrhoik, kvketuhiiy mfhiksmjea jetf
tlk _rhok Bhrfes fc tlk ehrrhtjvk prksket.
H ihrakiy jewhro-iffgje
jewhro-iffgjea
a mfeckokrhtjfe,
mfeckokrhtjfe, tlk Bhrfejks
Bhrfejks of eft
eft skkg tf ruik [ejfe ojrkmtiy -- tlfual
tlfual
tlky of sjt h rkprkskethtjvk fe tlk Mketrhi Mf``jttkk -- jestkho, tlky vjk cfr mfetrfi fvkr
Ghrrhgjs. _f sjt tlk Bhrfe fc yfur Lfusk fe _lrfek Ghrrhgh js tf ruik tlk Bhrfejks heo skt tlk
pfijmy tlht ckkos [ejfe‚s keoikss hppktjtk7 tlk Bhrfes skk ruik fvkr Ghrrhgjs hs tlk uitj`htk
afhi, kvkrytljea kisk phiks je mf`phrjsfe.
_lfual tlkjr afhi wjii hiwhys bk tf mfetrfi _lrfek Ghrrhgh, tlk Bhrfey js eft ketjrkiy he jesuihr
muiturk. Eu`krfus Bhrfes lhvk jetkrstkiihr hj`s heo `fuet mfifejhi kxpkojtjfes, rhjsk Lfusk
Mf`phejks
Mf`phejk
s=, heo keahak wjtl
wjtl [ejfe pfijtjms wjtl vhryjea
vhryjea `ftjvhtjfes -- sf`k cf
cfrr afio, sf`k cfr
aifry, sf`k cfr hovketurk, heo sf`k wlf skk jetkrstkiihr vketurks hs h uejquk heaik bhmg jetf
Ghrrhgje pfijtjms.
_lk Bhrfejks hrk tlk mifskst sthtk je prfxj`jty tf Mrhoik.
Ht-H-Aihemk
Lf`kwfrio4 Ghrrhgjs
[ejfe Rjea4 Rfmgy @fuethje Ijek
Ifmhi Bijeg Ahtk (Ghrrhgjs)4 Arheo _ktfe sthtjfe
Mhpjthi Mjty4 _lrfek Ghrrhgjs, Ghrrhgjs
^fpuihtjfe (Lf`kwfrio, _krrkstrjhi heo Frbjthi)4 ?,>>>,>>>,>>>,>>>
^fpuihtjfe (_krrjtfry)4 =2,>>>,>>>,>>>,>>>
Lkho(s) fc ]thtk4 ^rj`k Bhrfe (sthtk), Heefru` (Mkrk`fey)
Afvkre`ket _ypk4 Ckokrhi @fehrmly
Ftlkr Efthbik Mfrk Qfrios4
◆ Hrruoyk
◆ Jsphlshihr
◆ _jij`she
◆ Kyhikt-h
◆ Glhyrhoje
◆
◆
◆
[`hrh
Bkau`
Bf
=
_lk Bhrfejm vkrsjfe fc h `krmkehry mf`phey. _ypjmhiiy mf`pfsko fc s`hii tkh`s fc `jefr efbiks heo
prfckssjfehi sfiojkrs, hii wlf lhvk swfre ckhity tf tlkjr ifro‚s bheekr. _lky hrk fc ljal quhijty heo prjmk.
=
Ghrrhgjs
H phihmk wfrio, Ghrrhgjs
Ghrrhgjs js tlk mhpjthi fc tlk Ghrrhgje
Ghrrhgje _rhok Bhrfejks, he fijahrmljm,
fijahrmljm,
pfiytk`pfrhi oyehstjm ckokrhtjfe je mifsk prfxj`jty tf Mrhoik.
Ghrrhgjs js lf`k tf _lrfek Ghrrhgh, tlk hemkstrhi phihmk fc tlk Ghrrhgje pkfpiks, efw h
sprhwijea ksthtk-mjty arfwe tf kemf`phss rfualiy < `jiijfe squhrk gjif`ktkrs. _lk frjajehi
phihmk, tlk cjrst mfifey fc Ghrrhgjs, whs skkoko prk-chii4 jt js efw h ijvjea rfyhi `usku`, he
kemihvk skt jesjok tlk mrfwe ojstrjmt fc Ghrrhgjs Mjty tlht jemfrpfrhtks rk`hjejea hrtjchmts fc tlkjr
akekrhtjfe sljp jetf pubijm `feu`kets, hrt, heo hrmljtkmturk.
Ghrrhgjs js h tk`pkrhtk wfrio, h Ahjh pihekt skkoko prk-Chii heo ikct jsfihtko ourjea tlk Ohrg
Hak. Jt lhs
lhs okvkifpko
okvkifpko ojvkraket
ojvkraket crf`
crf` [ejfe cfr
cfr tlfusheos
tlfusheos fc ykhrs,
ykhrs, ueokr
ueokr tlk hssu`ptjfe
hssu`ptjfe tlht
tlht jt
hifek lho survjvko tlk Chii4 rk-mfethmt wjtl Ghrrhgjs heo tlk Bhrfejks fmmurrko cjrst vjh
mf``-ohth phmgkt trhes`jssjfes sket crf` [ejfe‚s Cjrst Mf``jttkk tf JO‚o prk-Chii mfifey
sjtks. Ghrrhgjs, lhvjea cifurjslko cfr ekhriy 1 `jiikejh, rkspfeoko rhpjoiy. Jt wfuio bk h
sjaejcjmhet h`fuet fc tj`k bkcfrk plysjmhi mfethmt whs ksthbijslko, tlke je tlk cfr` fc
mfevketjfehi ekhrijalt sljps sket crf` [ejfe tf Ghrrhgjs.
But cfr tlk Okj`fs Kvket heo [ejfe‚s `ktkfrjm tkmlefifajmhi hsmkeohemy, Ghrrhgjs wfuio lhvk
bkke tlk skht fc lu`hejty‚s pfwkr. [ekemu`bkrko by tlk kvkets fc tlk Chii, tlk mfifey fe
Ghrrhgjs whs wkii-rfftko fe tlk wfrio, heo cfr tlfusheos fc ykhrs jts pkfpik okvkifpko ht
mfevketjfehi rhtks. By tlk tj`k fc cjrst mfethmt wjtl [ejfe, tlk tlky lho `hok iheochii fe ekhrby
wfrios7 by tlk tj`k fc tlk Okj`fs Kvket, tlky lho okvkifpko `hss jeoustrjks heo
`kahstrumturhi keajekkrjea, tlkjr pfpuihtjfe sprkho fut fvkr eu`krfus tkrrkstrjhi wfrios heo
`ffes.
@frk crjmtjfe fmmurrko ueokr tlk ]kmfeo Mf``jttkk. Ckhrjea sjaejcjmhet rksjsthemk -- wljml,
jeokko, tlky chmko -- tlk ]kmfeo Mf``jttkk sket h cikkt bkcfrk tlkjr ojpif`hts. _lk whr
bktwkke tlk Ghrrhgje pkfpiks heo [ejfe whs slfrt4 tlk [ejfe Ehvy s`hslko hsjok tlk
Ghrrhgje cikkt heo skmurko tlk tlkjr‚ surrkeokr wjtlfut `hgjea sjaejcjmhet iheochii fe Ghrrhgjs.
_lkjr cikkt kij`jehtko heo chmko by [ejfe‚s sjeauihr mfetrfi fvkr phrhmhushi ketjtjks heo
tkmlefifay, burokeko wjtl h bhrfquk `fehrmly mrjppiko by mfevketjfehi jetkrstkiihr
mf``uejmhtjfes heo trhespfrthtjfe, tlk Bhrfejks tffg tlk ueprkmkoketko stkp -- by tlkjr ljstfry
heo jetkrehi `ytlfifay -- fc mkojea ahihmtjm sfvkrkjaety tf [ejfe.
Je rkture, Ghrrhgjs bkmh`k tlk rhw lkhrt fc [ejfe‚s jeoustrjhi bhsk, prfvjojea tlk lkak`fe wjtl
tlk vhst bffe fc rksfurmks heo kxtrhmtjfe tkmlejquks tlht kesurk Mrhoik heo lkr mfifejks -- by
kxtkesjfe, tlk rkst fc tlk Mfrk wfrios je tlk ahihxy -- ekvkr whet cfr hey `htkrjhi affo. _lk
Bhrfes, suookeiy uejtko by tlk Bijeg heo tlk F`ejekt, mlfsk eft tf ok`heo ruik fvkr tlk
?
ahihxy, but tf cueo tlk pkfpik wlf ojo. Je tj`k, tlkjr kmfef`jm swhy lhs bkmf`k jekxtrjmhbik
crf` [ejfe‚s ahihmtjm of`jejfe.
Jt js h arj` trutl fc [ejfe -- heo he uemf`cfrthbik tkesjfe h`fea tlk _krrhes tlht sjt tlk Mketrhi
Mf``jttkk -- tlht wlfkvkr lfios Ghrrhgjs lhs ht ikhst fek lheo fe tlk ikvkrs fc [ejfe‚s pfwkr.
_lk Bhrfejm k`bhssy fe Mrhoik js mfesthetiy trhccjmgko by [ejfe ojpif`hts heo fccjmjhis, hs js
tlk [ejfe mh`pus fe Ghrrhgjs jeueohtko by efbiks heo `haehtks.
Ghrrhgjs js tlk lkhrt fc tlk Bhrfejks heo efw lf`k tf tlk ahihxy‚s prk`jkr ehvhi heo cjejsljea
mfiikak, tlk Rfyhi Ghrrhgje Ho`jrhity. ^rf-[ejfe Lfusks vjkw httkeohemk ht tlk Ho`jrhity hs h
ekmksshry phtl cfr tlkjr mljiorke, heo skrvjmk hs he lfefrhbik hmljkvk`ket. _lky hrk lhppy tf
skeo tlkjr mljiorke tf tlk mfiikak, fctke ht arkht tk`pfrhi mfst tf tlkjr ch`jijks, hs ifmhi bijeg js
chr ikss okvkifpko je tlk Bhrfejks tlhe je Mrhoik -- tljs, sf`k bhrfes aru`bik, by oksjae.
Cfiifwjea tlk jetrfoumtjfe fc `kmlhejzko mlhssjs hs h whrcjaltjea `hmljek, tlk Ghrrhgje
Mhvhiry Mfiikak hohptko tlk ekw tkmlefifay, heo js efw gefwe cfr tlk quhijty -- eft quhetjty -fc fccjmkr heo `hmljek jts mflfrts prfoumk. Qljik httkeohemk heo skrvjmk je tlk Ho`jrhity js stjii
vjkwko hs tlk `fst prkstjajfus trhmg cfr h Bhrfey yfutl, httkeohemk heo skrvjmk je tlk Mhvhiry
js h phrhiiki lfefr -- fek `frk `hrtjhi tlhe `kethi.
Ghrrhgjs tlrfual tlk ykhrs lhs rk`hjeko tlk dkwki je tlk Bhrfejm mrfwe4 h mfeskrvhtjvk,
trhojtjfehii wfrio wjtl rjajo sfmjhi strumturks, rjtuhis, heo prftfmfi -- ijt hs wkii by s`hii-but-brjalt
trhojtjfeh
s`hii-but-brjalt
mfs`fpfijthe mketkrs -- Ghrrhgjs efektlkikss js tlk pfijtjmhi heo muiturhi lkhrt fc tlk Bhrfejks.
Ef fek wrjtks pfk`s fr foks tf Mrhoik je Bhrfejm sphmk4 Ghrrhgjs lhs rkpihmko tlht fio wfrio je
tlk lkhrt fc Bhrfejm efbjijty heo tlkjr subdkmts.
_lkrk hrk pubijm heo rfyhi arfueos fe Ghrrhgjs, tlk ojvjsjfe bktwkke tlk twf hrkhs lkhvjiy
pfijmko by rfyhi auhros, hrtjcjmjhi fr ehturhi whiis, heo iheokr hmmkss. Efe-Bhrfejm subdkmts hrk
feiy wkimf`k fe Ghrrhgjs by jevjtk fr ojpif`htjm fr kmfef`jm `jssjfe7 ftlkr wfrios je tlk
Bhrfejm Mfemkre `hy lhvk sj`jihr prfljbjtjfes, but efek hs strjmt hs tlk mhpjthi.
Qlht cfiifws js h brjkc ljstfry fc lfw tlk `fokre Bhrfejm sthtk mh`k tf bk.
;
_lk Ifea Okkp Xujkt
5//X[KRZ44HIIMF@@
5//RK]^FE]K H] CFIIFQ]44
5//W_rjtfe Mjrmik44H[_F@H_JM RK]^FE]KP44W_RHE]IH_KO666P44 *sthtjm*
5//KEO
5//WKemkihous Ljalpfjet44H[_F@H_JM RK]^FE]KP44W_RHE]IH_KO666P44 *sthtjm*
5//KEO
5//WMhstjiif Rkihy44H[_F@H_JM RK]^FE]KP44W_RHE]IH_KO666P44 *sthtjm*
5//KEO
5//WKurfph Ljalpfjet44H[_F@H_JM RK]^FE]KP44W_RHE]IH_KO666P44 *sthtjm*
5//KEO
5//MFE_JE[K HIIMF@@ X[KRZ6 (y/e)
5//(y)
_lk Bhrfejks -- tlfual tlky wkrk eft ykt tlk Bhrfejks hs wk gefw tlk` tfohy -- survjvko tlk
Chii heo hrk h sfurmk fc rkmfro
rkmfro? cfr tlk mfrrkspfeojea
mfrrkspfeojea ohrg hak fe Mrhoik.
Mrhoik. _lky, hifea
hifea wjtl tlk
Huejm pkfpiks
pkfpiks;, hrk tlk rksuit fc h summksscui
summksscui mfifejzhtjfe
mfifejzhtjfe kccfrt
kccfrt by prk-Chii
prk-Chii lu`hejty
lu`hejty tf kesurk
kesurk
tlk survjvhi heo prfphahtjfe fc tlk lu`he spkmjks.
_lk Chii js eft tlk arkht cjitkr `f`ket je tlk Bhrfejm ljstfry hs jt js je [ejfe‚s muiturhi ljstf
ljstfry7
ry7 jts
arkht mfst js eft hs trhu`htjm je tlk Bhrfejm mfesmjfusekss hs jt js je h _krrhe mfesmjfusekss,
tlfual muiturhi `k`fry fc tlk krh rkmhiis sf`k pkrjfos fc uekhsk.
Hs tlk Chii
Chii fmmurrko tlrfualfut
tlrfualfut Mrhoik,
Mrhoik, tlk Ghrrhgje
Ghrrhgje prfdkmt
prfdkmt ketkrko tlk skmfeo
skmfeo lhic fc jts cjrst
`jiikeeju` fc sthbjijty heo arfwtl. Hs sthtjfes heo s`hiikr mfifejks ckii sjiket fek by fek,
Ghrrhgjs cifurjslko, jts s`hii pfpuihtjfe arfwjea rhpjoiy, sprkhojea hmrfss h iusl wfrio rjml wjtl
whtkr, cffo, heo hjr. Je tlk pihekthry afvkrefr‚s fccjmks, tlkrk whs sf`k mfemkre fvkr tlk ifea
?
;
Cjik hii rkquksts cfr hmmkss wjtl tlk Bhrfejm Hrmljvk, Mrhoik ^fst.
]kk rkpfrt EF@HO QH_ML_FQKR.
QH_ML_FQKR.
3
mfiihpsk bhmg fe Mrhoik, but mfemkre whs hs chr hs tlk pihekthry ho`jejstrhtjfe skk`ko
jemijeko tf kxprkss. ]lfrt fc fcckrjea tlkjr iheo hs h rkcuak tf hey wlf mfuio rkhml tlk`, fr
fcckrjea wfros fc mfemkre, tlkrk whs eftljea tlk Ghrrhgje prfdkmt mfuio of tf lkip tlfsk ikct fe
Mrhoik. _lk pihekthry afvkrefr‚s sfiutjfe, hs tlk Chii orhaako fe heo Ghrrhgjs mfetjeuko tf
arfw lkhitly heo jeokpkeoket fc Mrhoik, whs sj`piy tf sluttkr tlkjr mf``uejmhtjfes pihtcfr`s,
heo okvftk tlk ketjrkty fc tlkjr ho`jejstrhtjvk heo tkmlefifajmhi kxpkrtjsk tf `hehajea tlk wfrio
tlky mfuio arfw.
@k`f Jssuko Fe _lk Hmmfuet fc Mksshtjfe
Mksshtjfe fc Mf``uejmhtj
Mf``uejmhtjfe
fe bktwkke Khrtl3 heo
GH->2b (’Ghrhgjs‐)
Cfr ^ubijm Rkikhsk, Hutlfrko By _lk Fccjmk fc tlk Afvkrefr4
@y ckiifw mjtjzkes, jt js wjtl h lkhvy lkhrt tlht J `ust jecfr` yfu fc fur sjstkr-wfrio‚s
sjikemk, heo jssuk h stheojea Frokr fc K`krakemy Ho`jejstrhtjfe.
Khrtl, fur fektj`k lf`k heo tlk gjeo `ftlkr fc fur Rhmk, jssuko tljs `frejea h
ojhspfrh-wjok Eftjmk fc Jeokpkeoket @heohtk, jeojmhtjea tlht tlk Ho`jejstrhtjfe js
uehbik tf mfetjeuk je hey kcckmtjvk mketrhi mhphmjty. _ljs `ksshak whs sket wjtl tlk
mfrrkmt vkrjcjmhtjfe heo sjaehturk7 rkpkhtko httk`pts tf mfethmt fur rkihy pfjet wkrk `kt
wjtl he hutf`htko rkspfesk tlht curtlkr mfecjr`ko tlk Ho`jejstrhtjfe‚s `ksshak.
Je pihje iheauhak, tljs `khes tlht, hs fc tljs `frejea, Khrtl ef ifeakr lfios Cuimru` fvkr
tlk hcchjrs fc tlk ahihxy. ^rfvjokemk lhs frohjeko tlht wk `ust chmk tljs ekxt mlhptkr fc
fur ljstfry hifek.
^ursuhet tf fur mfifejhi mlhrtkr heo tlk k`krakemy pfwkrs okcjeko tlkrkje, J lhvk
curifualko tlk Mjtjzke Hovjsfry mfuemji je frokr tf `frk kcckmtjvkiy `hehak tlk hcchjrs fc
tlk mfifey uetji suml tj`k tlht wk lhvk ksthbijslko `jej`u` vjhbjijty.
Furs js tlk arkht prfdkmt efw7 upfe fur slfuiokrs rkst tlk lfpks, orkh`s, heo ljstfrjks
fc hii wlf lhvk mf`k bkcfrk, heo tlk pftketjhi fc hii wlf hrk ykt tf bk. Jt js ef ifeakr
Khrtl wlkrk Lu`hejty wjii `hgk jts Aifry, but lkrk, je fur iheo, fe tljs wfrio4 Ghrhgjs.
Jt js jemu`bket upfe khml pkrsfe fc Ghrhgjs tlht wk of eft oksphjr. Khrtl lhs eft ikct us,
feiy ajvke us tlk Arkht @jssjfe. Jeokko, wk `hy skk lkr chjr hzurk ijalt ourjea fur
ohrgkst ejalts, heo gefw tlht slk whtmlks us je lkr tk`pfrhry rkpfsk.
Qk hrk h lhroy rhmk, heo jt js wjtl trust je tlk sh`k ^rfvjokemk tlht ahvk us tljs buroke
tlht J trust wk lhvk eft lkhro tlk ihst fc Khrtl, heo tlht wk slhii summkko je fur
keokhvfrs. Je tj`k, Khrtl slhii rkhml fut tf us femk `frk, heo wk wjii of wlht wk mhe tf
hssjst lkr, hs slk ojo cfr us wlke wk wkrk yfuea.
3
]jm. ’Khrtl‐ whs Fio Lu`hejty‚s eh`k cfr tlk wfrio wk efw mhii Mrhoik.
1
[etji tlke, fur prfdkmt ofks eft mlheak. Ghrhgjs `ust bk bujit, heo `ust sljek efw hs h
ijalt tf bkmgfe hii lu`hejty lf`k.
Afo bikss tljs prfdkmt, heo hii wlf wfrg fe jts bklhic. Afo bikss us, tlk lfpk fc
lu`hejty.
^RJFR _F ^[BIJM RKIKH]K4
_lk ^ihekthry Afvkrefr (fr hey Fccjmkr hmtjea je tlht rfik) slhii bk jssuko cuii tlkhtkr
mfetrfi, mf``kesurhtk wjtl tlk K`krakemy Ho`jejstrhtjfe ^fwkrs futijeko je tlk
^ihekthry Mlhrtkr. _lk Mjtjzke Hovjsfry mfuemji slhii bk curifualko uetji curtlkr eftjmk,
tlfual jecfr`ko prjfr tf hey ekw kojmts.
[^FE CFR@HI MK]]H_JFE FC MF@@[EJMH_JFE QJ_L KHR_L4
_lk lkho fc Mikray slhii fcckr sfik`e prhykr. _lk lkho fc Mfifejhi ]kmurjty slhii pfst
auhros ht hii stfrklfusks, whrklfusks, suppiy okpfts, pfwkr sthtjfes, `kojmhi bujiojeas,
ho`jejstrhtjvk bujiojeas, heo sf fe.
_f tlk lueorkos fc tlfusheos fc ekw Ghrrhgje mjtjzkes -- efek fc wlf` lho kvkr whigko
Mrhoik‚s khrtl, `uml ikss gefwe fc tlk wfrio hs heytljea ftlkr tlhe h eh`k je tkxt, fr he
hbstrhmt jokh, fr hs h pihmk rkprksketko je ljstfrjks heo `kojh -- Mrhoik, heo by kxtkesjfe, fio
lu`hejty‚s Chii, whs h trhakoy, but eft tlkjr keo. _f tlk khriy Ghrrhgje (heo tlk sh`k lfios truk
je tlk ehrrhtjvk prksket) tlk feiy lf`k tlky lho kvkr gefwe, tlk feiy prjzk tf bk wfe, heo tlk
feiy `ftlkriheo tlky kvkr lho, whs Ghrrhgjs.
_lk Chii swkpt fvkr Mrhoik heo, cfr h tj`k, kxtjeaujslko jts ijalt. Ghrrhgjs whs ikct hifek, heo chr
crf` bkjea arjppko by tlk tkrrfr fc jsfihtjfe, jts pkfpik cfueo tlk`skivks crkk fc h ojsthet ruik.
_lky mfuio, tlky ojsmfvkrko, ruik tlk`skivks.
Heo sf tlky
tlky ojo, cfr
cfr h tj`k.
<
H Lkhoikss Ikvjhtlhe, H @kikk Qjtlfut
Lfefr
Cfiifwjea tlk mksshtjfe fc mf``uejmhtjfe wjtl Khrtl (Mrhoik), tlk pihekthry afvkrefr fc
Ghrrhgjs tffg stkps tf skmurk ljs mfetrfi fvkr tlk mfifey, ojssfivjea efekssketjhi mjvjm bfojks
heo kehmtjea h wjok pfrtcfijf fc hutfmrhtjm ihws ueokr pfwkrs arhetko tf lj` by tlk mfifey
mlhrtkr‚s k`krakemy prfvjsjfes. Hmrfss Ghrrhgjs, je skmfeohry heo tkrtjhry mfifey sjtks wjtl
s`hii, ihrakiy `ktrfpfik-okpkeoket pfpuihtjfes, pkfpik hssketko. Lfwkvkr, je tlk mfifey‚s
`uejmjphi mfrk, pkfpik rkspfeoko wjtl surprjsk heo heakr -- Khrtl whs h ojsthet wfrio, fek eft
wkii gefwe tf tlk`, efr fek tlht tlky shw tlk`skivks okpkeoket upfe. Cfr tlkjr afvkrefr tf
mihj` k`krakemy pfwkrs heo ojssfivk gky fvkrsjalt mf``jttkks whs h stkp tff chr je tlkjr kyks.
_lk mjty mketkr kruptko je `hss prftksts je rkspfesk tf tlk pihekthry afvkrefr‚s okmihrhtjfe7 je
rkspfesk, tlk afvkrefr frokrs ljs mfifejhi skmurjty cfrmks tf brkhg up tlk ok`festrhtjfes7 tlkjr
rkspfesk js brjkciy eftko je Ghrrhgje ljstfrjks hs tlk Mhpjthi @hsshmrk.
_lk gjiijeas skt fcc h rfjijea, ykhr-ifea mfecijmt tlht tfrk tlk mfifejhi ho`jejstrhtjfe hphrt -lfwkvkr, jt whs eft tlk @hsshmrk hifek tlht orkw Ghrrhgjs ofwe jetf tlk @kikk. _lk mfifejhi
skmurjty cfrmks‚ aues ckii sjiket fvkr tlk `hssko bfojks fc tlk okho heo tlk cffthak fc tlk
`hsshmrk cjitkrko fut fvkr tlk wfrio, ikhvjea h pfpuihmk stueeko by bhrbhrjm sihualtkr, heo cfr
h slfrt wljik tlk pihekthry afvkrefr lho ljs pkhmk.
But tlke smlkouiko j`pfrts fc hovhemko affos heo tkmlefifay ekvkr hrrjvko je Ghrrhgjs‚ frbjt,
mrjppijea tlk wfrio‚s hovhemko jeoustrjks. Ghrrhgjs‚ `kojmhi jecrhstrumturk, frbjthi heo
ifmhi-sphmk prfarh`s, ifea-rheak mf``uejmhtjfes, hovhemko affos j`pfrt, `hmljek `jeo
okpkeohemk, fccsjtk smjketjcjm tkstjea -- hii ikct wjtl eftljea but wlhtkvkr rksfurmks tlky lho je
stfrhak fr mfuio mrhct, prfmkss, fr kxtruok crf` ifmhi rksfurmks.
Hs ljalkr
ljalkr jecrhstrumturk
jecrhstrumturk mfiihpsko
mfiihpsko cfr whet
whet fc rksfurmk
rksfurmk jedkmtjfe
jedkmtjfe crf` Khrtl
Khrtl -- h sifw,
sifw, jc cfr`kriy
stkhoy prfmkss -- bruslcjrk mfecijmts kruptko hmrfss tlk mjty7 kcckmtjvk pfijtjmhi rksjsthemk tf tlk
pihekthry afvkrefr‚s ruik k`krako je h skmfeo rfueo fc `hss ok`festrhtjfes, feiy tljs tj`k tlk
ok`festrhtfrs mh`k hr`ko. Bhrrjmhoks arkw je tlk strkkts fc Ghrrhgjs hs sy`phtlktjm
ho`jejstrhtfrs jesjok tlk mfifejhi afvkre`ket wfrgko tf sifw, `jsojrkmt, heo sty`k hey kcckmtjvk
fccjmjhi rkspfesk. _lk pkfpik fc Ghrrhgjs wkrk wjeejea, heo tlk pihekthry afvkrefr‚s mfrk fc
ifyhijsts ojsthemko tlk`skivks crf` lj`, cikkjea bkcfrk tlk pfpuihr rksjsthemk.
]ummksscui hs tlk rkvfiutjfe whs, jt lho tkrrjbik mfeskqukemks cfr skmfeohry heo tkrtjhry
mfifejhi sjtks tlk wfrio fvkr, wlf rkijko fe tlk `ktrfpfik‚s ho`jejstrhtjvk heo ifajstjm mhphbjijty
tf gkkp tlk` je affo suppiy heo mf``uejmhtjfe. Qjtlfut hey sthbik rkaj`k tf mffrojehtk
Ghrrhgjs‚ rksfurmk ojstrjbutjfe, tlfsk skmfeohry heo tkrtjhry sjtks -- s`hii futiyjea tfwes,
:
jesthiihtjfes, chr`iheos, hii wjtl pfpuihtjfes je tlk ifw lueorkos -- bkahe tf wjtlkr, `jrrfrjea je
`jejhturk tlk pfpuihtko ahihxy‚s mfiihpsk.
_lk Mhpjthi Rkvfiutjfe prfvko summksscui, but jt shvko feiy tlfsk wlf survjvko heo ijvko je tlk
mjty7 skmfeohry heo tkrtjhry sjtks, jc tlky ojo eft cfio, wkrk cfrmko jetf tlkjr fwe mrjsjs sthtks7
sf`k bheoko tfaktlkr ouk tf prfxj`jty, heo ftlkrs `hok okspkrhtk htthmgs fe tlkjr ekjalbfrs
tf skmurk lfhroko rksfurmks cfr tlk`skivks. _lk mjty whs h biffobhtl fc bifmg-by-bifmg
phrtjshe mfecijmt7 tlk skmfeohry heo tkrtjhry mfifey sjtks ljok ihrakiy cfrafttke stfrjks fc
s`hii-smhik tkrrfr.
_lk @kikk ihstko cfr rfualiy h okmhok, qujktjea je tlk ihttkr lhic hs rkajfehi pfwkrs mfhiksmko
hrfueo skic-styiko gjeas heo qukkes -- whrifros, je pihje iheauhak, wlf lkio `fefpfiy fvkr
rksfurmks heo prfoumtjfe chmjijtjks tlky skmurko je tlk jejtjhi kruptjfe fc vjfikemk. Ghrrhgjs
prfpkr whs ho`jejstkrko by h mjtjzkes mfuemji cfiifwjea tlk pihekthry afvkrefr‚s hbojmhtjfe, heo
cfmusko fe rkbujiojea heo rkmfethmtjea tlk futiyjea tfwes.
Hctkr tlk @kikk, h pkrjfo fc pkhmk cfiifwko,
cfiifwko, but
but jt whs `krkiy
`krkiy h phusk
phusk je h ifeakr ljstfry
ljstfry fc
vjfikemk tlht wfuio cfiifw. _ljs mhualt brkhtl wfuio bk bkht crf` tlk mlkst fc tlk wfueoko
wfrio by jts cjrst gjea h `krk kjaltkke ykhrs ihtkr.
8>
H Mrfwe fc Khrtl heo ]thrs
^hsshmhaijh . _lk eh`k fc tlk cjrst gjea je Ghrrhgje ljstfry. ^hsshmhaijh js h `uthbik mhevhs je
^hsshmhaijh.
tlk `fokre Ghrrhgje muiturhi ehrrhtjvk -- tlht fc uejtkr, fc whrifro, fc he kxh`pik fc tlk Ghrrhgje
wjii-tf-ruik, heo fc lubrjs. Je ljs yfutl, ^hsshmhaijh uejtko Ghrrhgjs jetf h sjeaik wfrio, okcjeko
tlk aifbhi mhpjthi, heo ihjo tlk cfueohtjfe cfr _lrfek Ghrrhgh7 by ljs okhtl, lk pihetko bftl tlk
skkos cfr Ghrrhgjs‚ kxphesjfe tf he jetkrpihekthry k`pjrk heo tlk ekxt arkht mfecijmt tf succkr
tlk sthtk.
Bkyfeo brfho strfgks ajvke by prj`hry ofmu`kets jeojmhtjea tlk pfssjbik ifmhtjfes fc ljs bjrtl,
tlk okthjis fc ljs khriy ijck hrk eft wkii gefwe -- tljs js ijgkiy tlk rksuit fc kxtkesjvk rkmfros
kxpueak`ket mh`phjaes ljs vjsskrs heo hovjsfrs k`bhrgko upfe ht ljs ok`heo. _ljs js eft
tlk sthemk fc tlk `fokre Bhrfejks, but ^hsshmhaijh‚s supprkssjfe kccfrts wkrk sf tlfrfual tlht
ckw rkmfros rk`hje. Hpfmryplh ofks kxjst, but ^hsshmhaijh‚s hakets wfrgko wjtl duojmjfus
okojmhtjfe tf rfueo up heo okstrfy hey ljstfrjks futsjok fc tlk hpprfvko `ytlfifajks. Qlht
rk`hjes -- bkyfeo-rhrk lhro mfpjks fc hemjket tkxts -- js h ihrakiy shejtjzko vkrsjfe fc h ijck heo
jts mfeskqukemks7 h `ytlfifay fc h ihookr mij`bko, heo h tlrfek ueokr wljml h wfrio whs
uejtko.
Lkrk js wlht js gefwe.
Cfiifwjea tlk mlhfs fc tlk @kikk pkrjfo, Ghrrhgjs ketkrko he hak fc rkihtjvk mhi`, fek bhihemko
fe h gejck pfjet. _lk femk-uejcjko mfifey lho crhmturko jetf cjvk mjty-sthtks4 cfur wkrk frahejzko
khml ueokr h pfwkrcui `fefpfik ruikr, heo tlk cjctl whs wlht rk`hjeko fc Ghrrhgjs‚ mfeskesus
mfuemji.
Bhrfey ljstfrjks hrk smhet fe tljs pkrjfo, but cffteftks jeojmhtk tlht tlk mfeskesus mfuemji je
Ghrrhgjs Mjty cfioko ueokr tlk prkssurks fc ekjalbfrjea mjty-sthtks khakr tf heekx tlk rjmlks fc
tlk ckkbik mhpjthi. Ghrrhgjs Mjty cfiifwjea tlk @kikk whs ef ifeakr tlk mfifey‚s `ktrfpfik -- h
vjmtj` fc rkpkhtko rhjos crf` ekjalbfrjea mjty-sthtks, jt bkmh`k h mfrpsk tf bk pjmgko fvkr heo
smhvkeako crf`.
_lk cfur rk`hjejea mjty sthtks -- fr, _lk Mfusjes4 Ihurket, Rkjs, Mfsj`f, heo Okiih`hr, eh`ko
hctkr tlkjr rkspkmtjvk ruikrs -- ojvjoko up tlk rk`hjes fc Ghrrhgjs Mjty je h skrjks fc `kssy
cfur-phrty sfrtjks, strkkt-tf-strkkt sgjr`jslks cfualt fvkr tlk rk`hjejea tkmlefifajks - `hmljek
`jeos, jekxlhustjbik kekray suppijks, hutfchbrjmhtfrs, rkcjekrjks, heo sf fe. Qjtl tlk
femk-mhpjthi mjty h ef-`he‚s iheo ojvjojea tlk Mfusjes, h ifea sthik`htk cfiifwko, h pkrjfo
(hmmfrojea tf Ghrrhgje orh`hs, ht ikhst) fc s`hii-phrty mf`bht, he hak fc smhvkeakrs heo
sguigkrs. Jt whs jetf tljs sthbik, lhrosmrhbbik pkrjfo tlht ^hsshmhaijh whs bfre.
Ghrrhgje ljstfrjks wfuio lhvk tlk rkhokr bkijkvk tlht ^hsshmhaijh whs bfre tf h s`hii, jaefbik
ch`jiy pikoako tf skrvk tlk mjty-sthtk fc Rkjs, heo jts ruikr, ^hslh Rkjs. H mf``fekr by bjrtl,
88
^hsshmhaijh whs tlk tljro fc cjvk brftlkrs. _lkjr ijvks prjfr tf hssu`ptjfe hrk wrjttke hs sj`pik
heo phstfrhi, phrhbiks fc vjrjijty, affo piheejea, heo cjijhi pjkty. Jt js je tlk lu`bik wlkht cjkio
tlht ^hsshmhaijh heo ljs brftlkrs okvkifp tlk cfueohtjfes fc tlkjr `hrtjhi prfwkss7 jt js je tlk
lu`bik wlkht cjkio, tff, tlht ^hsshmhaijh heo ljs brftlkrs hrk cjrst tkstko by tlk wfrio lk wfuio
ihtkr mfequkr.
Hs h yfutl,
yfutl, ^hsshmhaijh
^hsshmhaijh wfrgko
wfrgko tlk vhst
vhst wlkht cjkios fc tlk Rkjs, h ifw-iyjea, prj`hrjiy
harjmuiturhii mjty-sthtk je tlk futkr rjeas
harjmuiturh
rjeas fc tlk rujes fc Ghrrhgjs Mjty1. Rhjojea phrtjks wkrk
wkrk
mf``fe, heo mljio `frthijty rhtks wkrk ljal7 jaefbik ch`jijks fctke bheoko tfaktlkr je
`hey-ch`jiy mf``uehi mf`pikxks iko by mfeskesus mfuemjis pikoako tf tlkjr mjty-sthtk‚s
^hslh. _lky wfuio tjtlk h sjaejcjmhet pkrmkethak fc tlkjr lhrvkst tf tlk ^hslh, wlf, je ture,
wfuio rhjsk, trhje, kqujp, heo `hjethje stheojea skmurjty cfrmks. [ehccjijhtko rhjokrs, cffo
smhvkeakrs fut crf` tlk ruje fc Ghrrhgjs Mjty, wfuio fctke `fuet rhjojea phrtjks tlht thraktko
tlksk mf``ueks7 sj`jihriy, cihaako rhjokrs crf` rjvhi mjty-sthtks wfuio, je tj`ks fc ojpif`htjm
tkesjfe, `fuet htthmgs fe tlksk mf``ueks, thraktjea cjkios, strumturks, heo ihbfrkrs.
_ljs bhmg-heo-cfrtl rhjojea lho rkpihmko ihrak whrs, hs ef ^hslh rkhiiy sfualt tf upkeo tlk
ihrakr, mymijmhi trhok strumturk tlht gkpt hii fc tlk` rfualiy kqujvhiket je strkeatl. H ihtkr pfrtjfe
fc ^hsshmhaijh‚s kpjm rkvkhis tlht tljs whs by oksjae4 tlk ^hslhs lkio pkhmk mfuemjis, `kktjea
tf ekaftjhtk fvkr lfw `hey rhjos tlky wfuio hiifw fe tlkjr chr`s je kxmlheak cfr auhrhetkks
tlht ef ihrakr bhttiks wfuio bk cfualt7 tlky hii ckhrko tlk tkrrjbik vjfikemk tlht mfuio brjea, heo
wkrk mf`cfrthbik wjtl tlk mf`phrhtjvkiy s`hii eu`bkr fc okho tlky burjko khml ykhr, heo tlk
sthbjijty tlht ifmgjea je tlht systk` prf`jsko.
^hsshmhaijh‚s ch`jiy whs h phrt fc fek suml mf``uek tlht tlk ^hslhs ekaftjhtko
^hsshmhaijh‚s
ekaftjhtko hwhy<.
]urvjvjea kpjm pfk`s tlht ofmu`ket tlk krh spkhg fc ^hsshmhaijh‚s mf``uek mf`jea ueokr
mfesthet htthmg. _lky eftk tlht ljs ch`jiy femk lho cjctkke brftlkrs -- ijgkiy crf` ojcckrket
`k`bkrs fc tlk mf``uek -- heo tlht fek whs gjiiko khml ykhr uetji feiy ^hsshmhaijh heo ljs
ihst cfur brftlkrs rk`hjeko. Ht tlk urajea fc ljs `ftlkrs, ^hsshmhaijh bkaako huojkemk wjtl tlk
^hslh Rkjs, j`pifrjea lj` tf hmt je okckesk fc ljs lf`k7 lk whs rkcusko. _lk ekxt ykhr,
heftlkr brftlkr whs gjiiko, heo hahje lk bkaako huojkemk heo hmtjfe, heo whs hahje rkcusko.
_lk ykhr hctkr, ljs kiokst heo chvfrjtk brftlkr whs sihje, heo lk bkaako femk `frk, heo whs
femk `frk rkcusko.
_lrkk tj`ks rkcusko, heo wjtl ljs lf`k cjiiko wjtl tlk wkkpjea fc ljs `ftlkrs, heo tlk hbskemk
fc ljs brftlkrs, ^hsshmhaijh heo ljs ihst rk`hjejea brftlkr, Hehxheorfe, okmjoko tlky `ust hmt.
_lky okvjsko h pihe, heo brfualt jt tf tlkjr `ftlkrs, wlf je ture fcckrko jt tf tlk sfiojkrs
ahrrjsfeko tlkrk -- tlky ckit tljs tf bk h prfpkr tljea tf of, ajvke tlht, hifea wjtl tlk brftlkrs
heo tlk arhje, tlk s`hii ahrrjsfe lho succkrko tkrrjbiy -- ^hsshmhaijh wfuio skkg tlk
1
_lk rujes fc Fio Rkjs, jemiuojea h rkstfrko chr`lfusk heo `feu`ket krkmtko tf lfefr ^hsshmhaijh, mhe
stjii bk vjsjtko tfohy.
<
_lk prhmtjmk, hs oksmrjbko je rkmfvkrko tkxt fc tlk krh, whs mhiiko chiifwjea, cfiifwjea tlk prhmtjmk
mf``feiy hppijko tf harjmuiturhi iheo.
82
smhvkeakr-gjeas heo whstkifros fc Ghrrhgjs Mjty, heo fcckr tlk` tlkjr mf``uek‚s tjtlk je
kxmlheak cfr wkhpfes heo sfiojkrs tf gjii ^hslh Rkjs. @khewljik, Hehxheorfe wfuio rk`hje je
tlk mf``uek, heo wfuio usk tlk mfvkr fc tlk ifea okkp stjiiekss fc tlk wjetkr `fetls tf sprkho
^hsshmhaijh‚s `ksshak4 tlht ^hslh Rkjs whs okrkijmt je ljs outy tf tlk`, tlht lk whs h wkhg
^hslh, wlf wfuio skk tlk` okho rhtlkr tlhe whr` heo shck, heo tlht ^hsshmhaijh wfuio
rkture je sprjea tf brjea tlk pkfpik h bkttkr ruik.
_lk s`hii ahrrjsfe ht ^hsshmhaijh‚s mf``uek harkko tf tlk pihe, heo sffe ^hsshmhaijh heo h
s`hii arfup fc tlk sfiojkrs tlkrk ikct ueokr tlk mfvkr fc stfr` heo ohrgekss -- tlk okho `fetls
fc wjetkr wkrk upfe tlk`, wlke hii mf``ueks ckii sjiket heo buttfeko up tf wkhtlkr tlk mljii -ef rhjojea fmmurko, hs jt whs fut fc skhsfe -- ckw wfuio vketurk fut jetf tlk jemik`ket wkhtlkr,
mkrthjeiy eft tlk ^hslh‚s tjtlk`ke, heo sf tlk s`hii bheo lho h ckw `fetls je wljml tf kehmt
tlkjr pihe7 wlke tlk sprjea tlhw mh`k, sf wfuio tlk ^hslh‚s tjtlk`ke, tf hmmfuet cfr lfw `hey
lho ojko je tlk wjetkr heo ojmthtk wljml cjkios slfuio bk sfwe.
Jetf tlk okho, hemjket mjty ^hsshmhaijh heo ljs bheo vketurko. Qlke sprjea mh`k, sf ojo
^hsshmhaijh, tljs tj`k ht tlk lkho fc h arkht hr`y fc tlk ifst heo cfrafttke, hr`ko heo hr`frko
wjtl hemjket wkhpfes fc sthtus. _lky `hrmlko wjtl fek thrakt -- ^hslh Rkjs‚s strfealfio -- heo
cikw he fio bheekr4 tlk bihmg-heo-afio fc Ghrrhgjs, tlk hemjket, uejcjko mfifey.
^hslh Rkjs whs bijeosjoko by tlk htthmg, heo ljs strfealfio ckii wjtlje tlk cjrst ohy, hii but ljs
`fst ifyhi prfckssjfehi sfiojkrs kjtlkr surrkeokrjea fr turejea mfht heo dfjejea wjtl ^hsshmhaijh.
Hehxheorfe‚s
Hehxheo
rfe‚s wljspkrjea,
wljspkrjea, ljs okho-fc-ejalt
okho-fc-ejalt stkhijea
stkhijea hwhy tf ekhrby mf``ueks,
mf``ueks, ljs
frahejzhtjfe h`fea tlk chr`krs heo tlk ikvjks, lho `hok h iheo ckmueo cfr rkvfiutjfehry spjrjt4
wlke ^hsshmhaijh lj`skic tlrkw fpke tlk offrs fc tlk okho ^hslh‚s strfealfio, lk whs
wkimf`ko wjtl mlkkrs heo mrjks fc ’^hslh‐ -- tlk pkfpik ef`jehtko lj` tf sjt tlk tlrfek fc tlk
mjty-sthtk fc Rkjs:. Crf` Rkjs, ^hsshmhaijh wfuio ihueml
ihueml h mh`phjae tlht tfppiko tlk tlrk
tlrkk
k
ftlkr mjty sthtks wjtlje h okmhok.
_lk chmts fc ^hsshmhaijh‚s rkjae hrk burjko -- fctke ijtkrhiiy -- je tlk okptls fc Ghrrhgje `ytlfs7
wlht lhro chmts rk`hje hrk ckw, fwjea je ihrak phrt tf tlk _yrheeus‚ Mfetrhphtrk` heo tlk
subskquket Ehrrketk` rkbujiojea kccfrt fc tlk Oyehstjmihok. Bkyfeo tlk cfueojea ikakeo fc
^hsshmhaijh,
^hsshmha
ijh, tlk hrmlkfifajmhi
hrmlkfifajmhi rkmfro
rkmfro heo wrjttke
wrjttke tkxt8> hrk hii tlht rk`hje
rk`hje fc ^hsshmhaijh‚s
^hsshmhaijh‚s ruik.
:
_ljs stfry, vkrhmjty hsjok, ijgkiy mfetrjbutks tf tlk frjaje cfr ^hsshmhaijh‚s `fokre eh`k -- ^hslh hs h
tjtik ijgkiy rkpihmko ljs eh`k. _ljs plkef`kefe fc ijeaujstjm rkpihmk`ket fr rkbfrrfwjea js mf``fe je tlk
Bhrfejks, kspkmjhiiy h`fea lkrfjm, vkekrhtko, fr ftlkrwjsk ’arheo‐ cjaurks. Hehxheorfe, hs wkii, ijgkiy
mh`k tf bk mhiiko Hehxheorfe hs h rksuit fc ljs okkos, fr pfpuihr `ytlfifay hrfueo ljs okkos. Ijgk ljs
mfetk`pfrhry, ^hsshmhaijh, heo ihtkr _yrheeus, Hehxheorfe‚s bjrtl eh`k whs ijgkiy chr `frk `ueohek.
Rk-eh`jea, rkbfrrfwjea, heo rkpihmk`ket skrvk tf `uooy tlk ljstfrjmhi rkmfro, heo je ofjea sf, ojsrupt
tlk vkry jokh fc he k`pjrjmhi rkmfro -- tlk ehturhi mfecusjfe `hy skrvk tf mrkhtk `ytl je tlk `jeo fc tlk
Bhrfejm subdkmt, h lkipcui tffi cfr okjcyjea tlk ruijea mihssks fc Ghrrhgjs.
8>
He j`pfrthet eftk4 `fst hii ljstfrjmhi rkmfros tlht survjvk crf` tlk prktyrheejm krh fc Ghrrhgjs hrk
lhromfpy -- tlht js, wrjttke tkxt fe phpkr -- fctke pkeeko je skmrkt, wjtl pffr quhijty jegs, phpkrs, heo
mlhrmfhi. _lksk rkmfros hrk crhajik ht bkst, heo ojccjmuit tf okmjplkr. @hey tkxts wkrk pkeeko je
8=
Ljs okhtl, lfwkvkr, whs eft tlk keo fc ljs ruik -- cfr h tj`k, Hehxheorfe ruiko fvkr tlk wfrio,
heo tlke summkssjvk lkjrs fc ^hsshmhaijh heo, ihtkr, jetkr`hrrjko ch`jijks, je wlht bkmh`k tlk
Heefru` ^hsshmhaijh
^hsshmhaijh88.
Crf` hemjket tkxts heo mfrrfbfrhtjea kvjokemk fe Ghrrhgjs, jts tkrrkstrjhi `ffes, heo jts sjstkr
wfrios, wk mhe sur`jsk tlht tlk Heefru` ^hsshmhaijh ihstko cfr ht ikhst h tlfusheo ykhrs je jts
`hturk cfr`. Ajvke tlk prkskemk fc rujes ohtjea tf tlk Heefru` ^hsshmhaijh fe wfrios heo
`ffes je prfxj`jty tf Ghrrhgjs, wk mhe bk hssurko tlht sf`k cfr` fc tlk Heef. ^hsshmhaijh
whs hbik tf pihmk pfpuihtjfes fcc-wfrio -- jeokko, wljik tlk Heefru` _yrheeus pihmko tlk
cfueohtjfe fc Ghrrhgje sphmkcijalt ueokr ljs ruik, supprkssko heo subskquketiy uemfvkrko
rkmfros jeojmhtk tlht tlk Heefru` ^hsshmhaijh whs tlk cjrst jeojakefus Ghrrhgje sphmk
prfarh`.
^hsshmhaijh, heo tlk Heefru` ^hsshmhaijh, hrk tfpjms fc jetkrkst je tlk `fokre Bhrfejm
mfesmjfusekss, kspkmjhiiy h`fea he k`krajea pfijtjmhi `fvk`ket tlht lhs hofptko ljs eh`k,
tlk ^hsshmhaijhes
^hsshmhaijhes82. ^hsshmhaijh‚s
^hsshmhaijh‚s hrtjchmts
hrtjchmts heo ljstfrjks rkprksket
rkprksket h ihrakiy ’ifst‐
’ifst‐ phrt fc
Ghrrhgje ljstfry -- h prk-_yrheejm, prk-Bhrfejm pkrjfo fc ljstfry prjfr tf tlk hovket fc tlk efbik
lfusks heo ruijea mhrtkis, fek chr fiokr tlhe prkvjfus ljstfrjks wfuio lhvk tlk pubijm bkijkvk.
^hsshmhaijh‚s ruik js eft ekmksshrjiy vjkwko hs h mfuetkr-Bhrfejm jokfifay fr jmfe -- lk whs he
hbsfiutk `fehrml hctkr hii, fek tlht ksthbijslko h oyehstjm `fehrmly tlht ruiko tlk wfrio cfr h
tlfusheo ykhrs fr `frk -- heo hs suml ljs ekwiy rkvkhiko ljstfrjks hrk eft supprkssko.
_rhesarkssjfe, cfr tlk `fokre ^hsshmhaijhes, js cfueo je tlk sj`pik chmt tlht tlk hemjket
^hsshmhaijh‚s ruik whs supprkssko.
_lk Heefru` ^hsshmhaijh wfuio eft rkjae je pkrpktujty. He hpfmryplhi stfry, uemfvkrko wkii
hctkr tlk keo fc tlk Heefru` _yrheeus, spkhgs fc h yfuea ^hsshmhaijh `kktjea he frhmik fe
tlk rfho tf Ghrrhgjs, heo tlk vjsjfe fc tlk cuturk spfgke tf lj` tlkrk4
Je wjetkr, tlk rkst-tj`k cfr tlk Cfur Iheos, ^H]]HMHAIJH heo tlkjr bheo ojo vketurk tf
GHRHGJT, tlk hemjket mjty fc AFOBJR_L. _lkrk tlky sfualt tlk tyrhet fc GHRHGJT
GHRHGJT,, h
arkht whrrjfr eh`ko BHI_HADJ.
slfrtlheo, mfok, fr ejal-uerkhohbik smrjpt, hs `fst rkmfros tlht survjvko tlk Mfetrhphtrk` wkrk tlfsk fc
rkbkis, lkr`jts, lkrktjms, heo ftlkr kek`jks fc tlk mrfwe. _yrheeus cjrst thraktko tlk rfyhi hrmljvks,
wlkrk tlk cjekst tkxts wkrk gkpt4 tlk rkmfros tlht survjvko wkrk tlk feks tlht wkrk `hok ojccjmuit tf cjeo,
pkeeko by tlfsk hokpt ht ljojea.
Heefru` je tljs mfetkxt `khejea tlk Ghrrhgje hehifa cfr oyehsty, tlfual kemf`phssjea h sf`kwlht
brfhokr okcjejtjfe tlhe sj`piy ruik by biffoijek. Heefru` j`pijks h mkrthje sthtk fc tlfualt, bkjea, heo
`ytl je hoojtjfe tf tlk krh fc ruik.
82
^hsshmhaijhes hrk h phe-efbik pfijtjmhi `fvk`ket tlht hovfmhtks cfr tlk hbfijtjfe fc tlk Bhrfejm systk`
je chvfr fc h sjeaik mrfwe. _lky, akekrhiiy spkhgjea, hrk tfikrhtko by tlk ljalkr lfusks, heo hrk vjkwko
wjtl suspjmjfe by tlk ifwkr mihssks. Je brjkc, tlky bkijkvk tlht tlk ljalkr lfusks -- ]`fgk, Aihss, ]heo,
heo sf fe -- fpkrhtk je h ekmksshrjiy wkhg ckokrhtjfe, fek prfek tf sthaehtjfe heo siuaajsl,
skic-jetkrkstko pfijtjmgjea. _lkjr sfiutjfe js tf mketrhijzk pfwkr, kikmt he k`pkrfr, heo ksthbijsl h `fokre
Heefru`.
88
8?
_lk rfho whs ifea heo okspkrhtk, heo `hey ojo ojk hs tlkjr hr`fr ojo ehualt tf whr`
tlk`, heo tlkjr miftl whs tlje heo tfre, heo tlkjr bkiijks wkrk k`pty. Hii ejalts wkrk mfio
heo okkp, but ^H]]HMHAIJH whs fc affo mlkkr, heo ljs mhpthjes ojo ikeo tlk` tlkjr
lkht hs ^H]]HMHAIJH lho slhrko jt wjtl tlk`, hs whs whetko.
Jt whs fe h mfio heo bjttkr ejalt ijgk tljs tlht ^H]]HMHAIJH shw h alfst-ijalt bfbbjea je
tlk chiijea sefw. ’Of eft mlhsk jt,‐ fek ifyhi mhpthje urako ^H]]HMHAIJH. ’Jt js h
alfst-ijalt, tf bkwjtml trhvkiikrs. Je su``kr jt ikhos tf okhtl -- surkiy jt bkakts tlk sh`k
je wjetkr, jc eft wfrsk.‐
But ^H]]HMHAIJH,
^H]]HMHAIJH, hiwhys fc affo mlkkr (cfr tlky hirkhoy tffg tlkjr cjii fc succkrjea
ueokr tlk ^hslh, heo arjkc whs tlkjr eh`k hctkr tke-heo-tlrkk fc tlkjr brftlkrs lho ojko)
tffg up tlkjr spkhr _[J heo shjo tf tlkjr bkifvko mhpthje ’_hgk lkhrt, f Mhpthje. J h`
feiy h lu`bik chr`-bfy, heo yfu h strfea sfiojkr. Jc J chii, yfu wjii thgk up `y eh`k, heo
mhrry `y orkh` je yfur brkhst chrtlkr tlhe J.‐
Heo ^H]]HMHAIJH
^H]]HMHAIJH ikct, heo mlhsko tlk alfst-ijalt tlrfual tlk lfwijea sefw, heo mh`k
tf h s`hii ruje fc h lf`k wlkrk tlk alfst-ijalt whs trhppko. ’Ijttik k`bkr,‐
^H]]HMHAIJH
^H]]HMH
AIJH mhiiko tf tlk ijalt. ’Qly lhvk yfu iko `k lkrk6 Qlht `ksshak of yfu
mhrry cfr `y khrs6‐
Heo crf` h okkpkr slhofw ykt je tlk lf`k, h vfjmk jssuko, shyjea ’Of
’Of eft skkg fut tlk
spkhgkr fc tljs vfjmk. Ijstke feiy tf `y wfros, heo `hgk ef `fvk`ket, heo wlke J h`
ofek yfu wjii bk aujoko bhmg tf yfur mh`p.
’J h` FRHMIK, heo J lhvk skke tlk keo fc hii stfrjks. Zfu hrk mhiiko ^H]]HMHAIJH,
heo yfur eh`k wjii ekvkr bk uttkrko je ohrgekss. Bkcfrk yfu ijks h tlfusheo ykhrs fc
k`pjrk, yfurs jc yfu mfetjeuk hifea yfur phtl. But gefw tljs4 tf mfetjeuk wjii feiy ckko h
tkrrjbik wlkki, wlfsk eh`k js OJ], heo wlfsk hppktjtk js vhst hs tlk sthr-ijt sgy. Qjii yfu
mfetjeuk6‐
^H]]HMHAIJH, wjtlfut lksjthtjfe, shjo tf tlk FRHMIK, ’Zks. ^hslh lhs off`ko `y
^H]]HMHAIJH,
`ftlkrs heo gjiiko `y brftlkrs. J `ust mfetjeuk. Qly wjii tljs ture yfur tkrrjbik wlkki6‐
Heo tlk FRHMIK shjo, ’Zfur K`
K`pjrk
pjrk wfuio bk bujit ht tlk tjp fc h spkhr. Zfur cjkios
cjkios
whtkrko wjtl hrrfws, heo tlke buiikts, heo tlke mflkrket phrtjmiks. Zfu wfuio bujio h
`feu`ket tf yfur brftlkrs, heo tf yfur `ftlkrs, heo yfu wfuio cfr` jt crf` tlk hsl heo
bfek fc tlk brftlkrs heo `ftlkrs fc yfur kek`jks, heo lkhr feiy tlk mlkkrs fc yfur
pkfpik, heo eft tlk mrjks
mrjks fc tlk mljiorke fc tlfsk jeeu`krhbik okho. _ljs,
^H]]HMHAIJH,
^H]]HMH
AIJH, js tlk cuki cfr tlk wlkki tlht mfesu`ks tlk k`pjrks `hok by brhvk
yfuea lkrfks ijgk yfu.‐
_ljs pfeokrfus wljeajea muroiko ^H]]HMHAIJH‚s chjr ckhturks jetf h tkrrjbik `hsg fc
lhtk, heo sf stfr`jea jetf tlk bhmg fc tlk s`hii lfusk tlky cfueo tlk FRHMIK tlkrk, h
mrkhturk wrhppko je rhas. ^H]]HMHAIJH tlrkhtkeko tlk FRHMIK wjtl _[J ht jts ekmg
heo shjo, ’]pkhg ef `frk, FRHMIK, but tf bka cfr `krmy! Zfu of eft gefw tlk ijck J
lhvk succkrko, yfu lhvk eft lkhro tlk mrjks fc `y brftlkrs, fr tlk whjijea fc `y `ftlkrs,
efr tlk lfpk `y wfros brjea tf tlfsk wlf lhvk succkrko hs J lhvk!‐
8;
Heo tlk FRHMIK,
FRHMIK, ihualjea, shjo, ’Of yfu tljeg J ckhr
ckhr okhtl, ^H]]
^H]]HMHAIJH6
HMHAIJH6 JJ,, wlf
lhvk skke tlk arkht wlkki OJ] arjeo hmrfss `y fwe sgy heo ahvk jt eh`k6 J, wlf lhvk
lkhro mfuetikss tj`ks tlfsk vkry wfros spfgke crf` `futls ijgk yfurs6 J, wlf lhs ijvko
heo wlf lhs ojko6 J, wlf lhs ahjeko tljs gefwikoak heo `hey ftlkr skmrkt feks6‐
]f ^H]]HMHAIJH sthbbko tlk FRHMIK tlrfual tlk tlrfht wjtl _[J, heo tlk FRHMIK
ihualko heo shjo, ’Zfu hrk brhvkr tlhe `fst, ^H]]HMHAIJH, heo cffi wlf `ust ikhre.
Af, bujio yfur k`pjrk. J wjii `kkt yfu hahje ht tlk keo.‐
Heo tlk FRHMIK ojko, tlfual tlkrk whs ef biffo, heo wlke ^H
^H]]HMHAIJ
]]HMHAIJH
H tfrk fcc tlk
mrkhturk‚s rfbks tlky cfueo eft h `he, hs tlky tlfualt, but h afik` je tlk slhpk fc h
`he, `hok fc ijgk-sgje, wjtl bihmg biffo heo arkke biffo, heo shw `hey alfst-ijalts
bijegjea wlkrk jts kyks slfuio bk.
^H]]HMHAIJH
^H]]HMH
AIJH tffg tlk FRHMIK‚s mifhg, cjeojea jt h cjek heo sturoy tljea, heo ikct tlkjr
spkhr _[J, heo rktureko tf tlkjr mh`p. _lkrk, ^H]]HMHAIJH tffg mf`cfrt je tlkjr
mhpthjes, heo cfraft tlk wfros fc tlk FRHMIK, heo mfetjeuko tf GHRHGJT, wlkrk tlky
wfuio bujio tlkjr k`pjrk.
_lk Ihst Hrau`ket fc Gjeas
_lk keo fc tlk Heefru` ^hsshmhaijh mf`ks tlfusheos fc ykhrs hctkr jts ksthbijsl`ket,
prf`ptko by h mf`bjehtjfe fc jetkrehi strjck, ho`jejstrhtjvk mfrruptjfe, muiturhi ojvkrakemk, heo
tlk mfeskqukemks fc rkihtjvjty.
Ghrrhgjs lho bkke cfueoko by h pfst-Jecfr`htjfe Hak lu`hejty7 hey sfmjkty fe Ghrrhgjs wfuio
lhvk hmmkss tf tlk tkmlefifajks heo gefwikoaks fc tlk muiturk tlht mhst tlk` tlkrk -- wlht tlky
fctke ihmgko whs tlk koumhtjfe heo jecrhstrumturk tf k`pify tlk tkmlefifajks, smjkemks,
tlkfrjks, heo ojsmjpijeks tlky lho hmmkss tf. [eokr tlk Heefru` ^hsshmhaijh, heo ueokr hii
subskquket mjvjijzhtjfes fe Ghrrhgjs, lu`hes fe Ghrrhgjs okvkifpko tlk ekmksshry plysjmhi,
muiturhi, heo `kethi jecrhstrumturks tf thgk crf` tlht bhsk fc gefwikoak -- okpkeojea fe tlkjr
hmmkss heo suppfrt -- heo hmljkvk arkht ikhps je okvkifp`ket. Hs h phrhiiki mfeskqukemk,
fctke ojvkraket fr ftlkrwjsk hehmlrfejstjm spurs fc okvkifp`ket kxjst. Fek suml spur js
kvjokemko je tlk tljro `jiikeejh fc ljstfry fe Ghrrhgjs, je tlk Heefru` ^hsshmhaijh‚s `uitj-wfrio
j`pkrjhi purvjkw -- h trk`keofus ckht fc muiturhi heo mjvjijzhtjfehi hmljkvk`ket tlht, cfr h tj`k,
whs susthjehbik, jc pfeokrfus je jts burkhumrhmy.
_ljs jetkrpihekthry k`pjrk lkio cfr mketurjks hctkr jts ksthbijsl`ket, tlfual jts cfueohtjfe je tlk
@kojhi Heefru` ^hsshmhaijh pkrjfo wfuio skt tlk skkos cfr jts keo. _lk Heefru`
^hsshmhaijh‚s jetkrpihekthry k`pjrk whs bujit fe tlk bhmg fc h mfevketjfehi sphmk prfarh`4
`hssjvk, ihrakiy hutf`htko sljps ckrrjko affos heo jecfr`htjfe bhmg heo cfrtl bktwkke wfrios
83
hctkr jejtjhi mfifejks wkrk ksthbijslko, wjtl `heeko vfyhaks bktwkke wfrios bkjea rhrk heo
efthbik tljeas. Hey `heeko vfyhak whs tlk rksuit fc trk`keofus jevkst`ket by kjtlkr tlk
tlrfek fr wkhitly mfesfrtju`s fc `krmlhets succjmjket mhpjthi7 ijgkwjsk, mfifejzhtjfe kccfrts wkrk
tlk prfoumt fc trk`keofus jevkst`ket heo chechrk. Ht jts lkjalt tlk Heefru` ^hsshmhaijh mfuio
mfuet h eu`bkr fc tkrrkstrjhi mfifejks hs `k`bkr sthtks ueokr jts tlrfek, wjtl tlk pkr`heket
pfpuihtjfes fc tlfsk wfrios ijgkiy eu`bkrjea ikss tlhe h `jiijfe sfuis.
_lk Heefru` ^hsshmhaijh‚s j`pkrjhi pfrtcfijf mfuetko ejek wfrios mfifejzko, je hoojtjfe tf
Ghrrhgjs‚ skmfeo ihrakst `ffe, Hrruoyk. Ghrrhgjs rk`hjeko tlk mhpjthi, wjtl Hrruoyk hs tlk
skmfeo-`fst pfpuihtko tkrrjtfry je tlkjr pfrtcfijf. Bkyfeo, tlk Heef arhetko mfifejhi mlhrtkrs tf
sf`k fc K`pkrfr‚s `fst chvfrko k`jrs heo efbiks. Ht tlk Heefru` ^hsshmhaijh‚s lkjalt, tlky
lkio tlk cfiifwjea wfrios4
◆
◆
◆
Ghrr
Ghrrhgjs
hgjs,, tlk lf`kwfr
lf`kwfrio
io fc tlk G
Ghrrh
hrrhgje
gje pk
pkfpik
fpik heo
heo prj`k
prj`k skht fc
fc tlk Heefru
Heefru`
`
^hsshmhaijh. Efw tlk mhpjthi fc tlk _rhok Bhrfejks.
Hrru
Hrruoyk,
oyk, Ghrrhgj
Ghrrhgjs‚
s‚ skmfeo
skmfeo ihrakst
ihrakst `ffe,
`ffe, ajctko
ajctko tf oks
oksmkeo
mkeohet
hets
s fc ^hsshmhai
^hsshmhaijh
jh J‚s
brftlkr, Hehxheorfe.
Jsphlshih
Jsphlshihr,
r, tlk cjrst mfifejzko
mfifejzko wfrio cfiifwjea
cfiifwjea tlk skttijea
skttijea fc Hrruoyk.
Hrruoyk. _lk
_lk mlhrtkr
mlhrtkr wfrio
wfrio fc
tlk Okiih`hr ch`jiy.
◆
◆
◆
◆
◆
◆
_jij`
_jij`she,
she, tlk
tlk mlhrtkr
mlhrtkr wfrio
wfrio fc
fc tlk oksmk
oksmkeoh
eohets
ets fc tlk
tlk Ihurke
Ihurkett ch`jiy.
ch`jiy.
Kyhikt-h, h s`hii
s`hii `ffe heo `jejea sthtjfe
sthtjfe je frbjt
frbjt hbfvk
hbfvk Kyhikt
Kyhikt J, h `hs
`hssjvk
sjvk ahs
ahs ajhet.
ajhet.
Gl
Glhyr
hyrho
hoje,
je, h m
mfif
fifey
ey fc tlk Heef
Heef..
[`
[`hr
hrh,
h, h mfif
mfifey
ey fc tlk
tlk Hee
Heef.
f.
Bk
Bkau
au`,
`, h mfi
mfife
fey
y fc
fc tlk
tlk Hee
Heef.
f.
Bf
Bf,, h mfif
mfifey
ey fc tlk
tlk Hee
Heef.
f.
[itj`htkiy, tlk kccfrt fc `hehajea tlfsk wfrios -- `uml ikss tlk lueorkos fc `jiijfes fc subdkmts
fe Ghrrhgjs -- crhyko tlk jestjtutjfes tlht gkpt tlk Heefru` ^hsshmhaijh rueejea s`fftliy. Hs
tlk tlrfek‚s jetkrkst tureko tfwhros ekhrby wfrios heo sthrs, tlk lf`k crfet arkw `frk heo
`frk ojsshtjscjko wjtl tlk summkssfr ^hsshmhaijhe k`pkrfrs. Rkmfvkrko tkxts slfw tlht h
skrjks fc jekcckmtuhi ikhokrs mhst tlk Heef jetf h okkpiy mfrrupt, uesusthjehbik spjrhi, wjtl
`jejstkrs chvfrjea mkrthje mfifejks fvkr Ghrrhgjs, heo mkrthje ojstrjmts fe Ghrrhgjs fvkr ftlkr
ojstrjmts.
Mfifey wfrios arkw ojvkraket jokfifajks hs mf``uejmhtjfe iha sthrtko tf thgk jts tfii. @jejstkrs
ojsphtmlko tf mfrrhi tlk mfifejks arkw joik heo jeokpkeoket hs tlk truk ojsthemk heo ojccjmuity fc
subijalt jetkrpihekthry ho`jejstrhtjfe `hok jtskic gefwe7 sj`jihriy, zkhifus `jejstkrs arkw `frk
bruthi, kecfrmjea tlk Heef‚s ihws wjtl orhmfejhe ketlusjhs`. Crf` Ghrrhgjs, tlk dfureky fut tf
kvke tlk mifskst efe-`ffe mfifey tffg h sthaakrjea h`fuet fc tj`k cfr prk-phehmkh lu`hes -ykhrs fc rkhitj`k trhvki, kxpkrjkemko hs ifea heo bfrjea `fetls cfr tlk mrkw febfhro -- heo
fctke wlke h `jejstkr hrrjvko fe tlk wfrio tlky wkrk `khet tf `hehak, tlky cfueo tlk pfijtjmhi
rkhijtjks fe tlk arfueo lho mlheako crf` tlkjr brjkcjea. ^frts arkw cht wjtl tlk wkhitl fc wfrios,
heo mustf`s fccjmjhis sgj``ko sljp`kets cfr tlkjr fwe kerjml`ket -- hctkr hii, tlk wfrio tlky
81
wkrk okstjeko cfr wfuioe‚t ojsmfvkr tlk ojsmrkphemy bktwkke `hejckst heo stfrhak cfr ykhrs,
okmhoks, kvke mketurjks je sf`k mhsks.
_ljs tkesjfe bfjiko fvkr wjtl tlk jeokpkeokemk okmihrhtjfe fc Glhyrhoje, h `jooik-ojsthemk
mfifey lf`k tf h ckw lueorko tlfusheo sfuis. Heefuemjea tlkjr jetket tf skmkok crf` tlk
Heef, Glhyrhoje
Glhyrhoje okmihrko
okmihrko jtskic
jtskic h crkk rkpubijm wjtl tlk jetket
jetket heo hbjijty
hbjijty tf `hehak
`hehak jts fwe
fwe
hcchjrs -- tlk Heef whs tff chr hwhy, heo tff mfemkreko wjtl chttkejea jts fwe mfcckrs heo bkiiy
fcc tlk ihbfr fc tlk Glhyrhoj pkfpik. _lky wfuio stfp tlkjr tjtlk, ture hwhy hey `jejstkrs sket tf
tlk wfrio, heo rkcusk hey mf``uejmhtjfe tlht ojo eft trkht tlk` hs h sfvkrkjae aifbhi ehtjfe.
_lk Heef rkspfeoko by skeojea fek fc tlkjr `fst ifyhi akekrhis, _yrhe fc Okiih`hr, wjtl h
ciftjiih fc sljps heo sfiojkrs tf supprkss tlk rkbkiijfe. _lk trhesjt crf` Ghrrhgjs tf Glhyrhoje
tffg tlk` rfualiy h okmhok rkhitj`k -- by tlk tj`k tlky hrrjvko je frbjt hbfut Glhyrhoje, tlk
Glhyrhoj wkrk rkhoy, heo tlk sjtuhtjfe je tlk Heef lho mlheako orh`htjmhiiy. Crf` hrrjvhi, tlk
Glhyrhoj pihauko _yrhe‚s sljps wjtl surchmk-tf-frbjt `jssjiks, okstrfyjea h eu`bkr fc tlk
akekrhi‚s sluttiks bkcfrk ljs sfiojkrs wkrk hbik tf iheo. Qlke tlky ojo ojsk`bhrg, tlky cfueo
tlk Glhyrhoj lho bujit tlkjr mfifey sjtk jetf h cfrtrkss heo trhjeko tlkjr pkfpik jetf h `jijtjh -- tljs
ojo eft mlheak tlk futmf`k fc tlk supprkssjfe whr tlht cfiifwko, but kesurko tlk kesujea cjalt
whs h bruthi hcchjr.
_yrhe‚s mh`phjae keoko h lheocui fc ykhrs hctkr iheochii4 h mf``uejmhtjfes phmgkt hrrjvko
je-systk`, frokrjea h lhit tf hey keahak`kets by wfro fc tlk K`pkrfr -- fr rhtlkr, tlk
K`pkrfr-hpphrket, murrketiy je-trhesjt tf Ghrrhgjs crf` he futiyjea mfifey wfrio. H skrjks fc
mfecijmtjea mf``uejmhtjfes phmgkts cfiifwko, kvjoketiy sket je mifsk prfxj`jty tf fek heftlkr4
tlk K`pkrfr whs okho, heo ljs lkjr whs ke-rfutk4 tlk lkjr whs jiikajtj`htk, heo h truk
summkssfr lho bkke skhtko fe _lrfek Ghrrhjs7 tlk summkssfr fe tlk tlrfek, by vjrtuk fc
tk`pfrhi hef`hijks ouk tf rkihtjvjstjm trhvki, whs hmtuhiiy yfueakr tlhe tlky mihj`ko tf bk, heo
tlk truk summkssfr lho okmihrko tlkjr mhpjthi je Fio Mfsj`f7 ftlkr mfifejks, hs h rksuit fc tlk
K`pkrfr‚s phssjea, lho cfiifwko Glhyrhoje‚s kxh`pik heo okmihrko tlk`skivks jeokpkeoket,
heo `yrjho ftlkr smkehrjfs. _lk kcckmts fc subijalt rkihtjvjstjm trhvki lho mf`k lf`k tf Ghrrhgjs,
heo tlk Heef lho ef `ktlfo wjtl wljml tf okhi wjtl mf`pktjea ikajtj`htk mihj`s. _lk Heef, jt
hppkhrko, lho burst jetf h skrjks fc summkssjfe whrs, bftl ht lf`k heo je tlk mfifejks.
[esurk fc lfw tf prfmkko, but kxlhustko by tlk murrket mh`phjae, _yrhe lhitko ljs cfrmks. Lk
rkqukstko pkhmk thigs wjtl tlk Glhyrhoj, wlf lho hisf bfrek wjtekss tf tlk mf``uejmhtjfes
bihsts brfhomhst je-systk`, heo brfgkrko h pkhmk harkk`ket4 _yrhe heo ljs hr`y wfuio ikhvk
Glhyrhoje, ok-chmtf arhetjea tlk` tlkjr jeokpkeokemk, heo lkho lf`k tf Ghrrhgjs heo kecfrmk
pkhmk uetji tlk truk lkjr mfuio bk oktkr`jeko. Ht tljs tj`k, heo kvke hctkr tlk whr fe Glhyrhoje,
_yrhe‚s hr`y heo jts cikkt whs tlk `fst pfwkrcui, prfckssjfehi cjaltjea cfrmk tlk Heef lho puiiko
tfaktlkr, rjvhiko feiy by tlk J`pkrjhi Auhro ahrrjsfeko je _lrfek Ghrrhgh.
Ljs rhegs bfistkrko sf`k by Glhyrhoj Heef ifyhijsts, _yrhe heo ljs hr`y ikct Glhyrhoje heo
bkahe tlkjr ifea, jsfihtko dfureky lf`k. ^rjfr tf jetkarhtjfe jetf [ejfe, Ghrrhgje sphmk lho ef
8<
Hmmkss tf f`ejekt mf``uejmhtjfe
mf``uejmhtjfe fr bijeg
bijeg trhvki. Qljik
Qljik ueokrwhy,
ueokrwhy, `ksshaks
`ksshaks bktwkke
bktwkke sljps je
trhesjt heo tlkjr okstjehtjfe wkrk subdkmt tf fctke jetkesk okihy -- jt whs prftfmfi tf qujkt h sljp‚s
mf``uejmhtjfes mketkrs shvk cfr h s`hii fccjmkr mfrps wlf mfuio ’tj`kijek‐ tlk `ksshaks,
pihmjea tlk` je-mfetkxt bkcfrk jssujea tlk` fut tf tlk mrkw. _yrhe‚s rkture whs pihauko by
jebfueo `ksshaks, ht cjrst je bursts heo tlke je h okiuak tlk mifskr tlky orkw tfwhros Ghrrhgjs.
Hctkr h okmhok
okmhok fc rkhitj`k trhvki,
trhvki, _yrhe‚s
_yrhe‚s hr`y hrrjvko.
hrrjvko. Ahtlkrjea
Ahtlkrjea ljs sljps
sljps je frbjt hbfvk
Ghrrhgjs, lk `kt wjtl ljs mf``uejmhtjfes fccjmkrs hbfhro ljs cihasljp, heo fpkeko
mf``uejmhtjfes wjtl Ghrrhgjs. Lk whs `kt wjtl h mhmfplfey, h mfecusjfe fc mf`pktjea mhiis cfr
ljs sljp joketjtjks heo ifyhitjks -- vhrjfus chmtjfes fe Ghrrhgjs heo je ifmhi sphmk ok`heojea tf
gefw wlf lk cfualt cfr, uitj`htu`s, heo ok`heos cfr lj` tf surrkeokr ljs wkhpfes.
]kkgjea h rkprjkvk crf` tlk `hey chmtjfes‚ thraktjea bkh`s, cjrjea sfiutjfes, heo kemrfhmljea
pjmgkt sljps, _yrhe heefuemko lj`skic heo ljs hr`y hs hmtjea je skrvjmk fc Ghrrhgjs. Ljs fccjmkr
mfrps wfrgko tf oktkr`jek tlk sjtuhtjfe fe tlk arfueo4 wlf ljs hiijks wkrk, wlf ruiko tlk Heef,
heo wljml fc tlk chmtjfes kemrfhmljea fe tlkjr cikkt sphmk pfsko tlk ihrakst tlrkht.
_lkjr jejtjhi survky rktureko arj` ohth4 Ghrrhgjs whs mrjssmrfssko wjtl `uooy, whstkiheo
bhttiksmhpks -- ifea ektwfrgs fc sthtjm trkeml ijeks spjokrko fut hrfueo chmtfrjks, mjtjks, heo
strhtkajm pfjets, phmgko wjtl `jiijfes fc mfesmrjptko sfiojkrs, pkhshet ikvjks, heo `krmkehrjks.
Qlfik cfrksts bureko fr lho bkke bureko hwhy. _lrfek Ghrrhgh lho bkke bf`bko tf rubbik,
hs lho Rkjs, Mfsj`f, heo Okiih`hr7 h `hssjvk mrhtkr `hrgko tlk efrtlkre pfik fc Ghrrhgjs,
wlkrk h prfdkmtjik ihuemlko by skphrhtjsts fe Kyhikt-h lho ciuea he hstkrfjo jetf tlk wfrio. _lk
K`pkrfr whs `jssjea, hs wkrk tlk `hey lkjrs wlf mihj`ko bjrtlrjalt heo rhjsko hr`jks crf`
tlk wfrio‚s pfpuihtjfe. Bkyfeo Ghrrhgjs, cjvk fc tlk Heef‚s wfrios -- Jsphlshihr, Glhyrhoje,
Kyhikt-h, _jij`she, heo Bkau` -- lho okmihrko tlkjr jeokpkeokemk, k`brfjijea tlk J`pkrjhi
Auhro heo jts rk`hjejea sljps je h sikw fc mfifejhi supprkssjfe fpkrhtjfes.
_yrhe heo ljs hr`y lho stkppko jetf h `uitj phrt, pfiytk`pfrhi struaaik tf oktkr`jek tlk lkjr tf
tlk Heefru` ^hsshmhaijh, heo tlk cjrst jetkrpihekthry whr je lu`he ljstfry. Kxlhustko, ljs
ikhokr okho wjtl ef mikhr lkjr, ljs lf`k mjty rkoumko tf rubbik, ljs lf`kwfrio mfio ueokr h
bihegkt fc hsl, rhje, heo sthaehtjea trkeml whrchrk, _yrhe `hok ljs `fvk. Ljs rkspfesk tf hii
lhjis whs sj`pik, h murt sthtk`ket efw j``frthijzko ht tlk bhsk fc ljs `feu`ket fe Ghrrhgjs4 ’J
skrvk tlk pkfpik fc Ghrrhgjs, heo jts tlrfek.‐
_yrhe frokrko ljs bhttiksljps tf fpke cjrk upfe hii sljps kemrfhmljea fe ljs cikkt, heo cfr ljs
hr`y tf prkphrk cfr fek ihst jevhsjfe4 tljs tj`k fc _lrfek Ghrrhgh. _yrhe‚s mh`phjae whs swjct
heo bruthi, thraktjea crf` frbjt tlk prksu`ko lkhoquhrtkrs fc hii lkjrs, hii `jijthry prfoumtjfe
pihets, heo ahrrjsfes fc sjaejcjmhet sjzk. Ljs cikkt, kvke twf okmhoks fut fc ohtk, whs tlk ihrakst
mfemketrhtjfe fc `jijthry sljps heo frojehemk kvkr put jetf sphmk7 curtlkr`frk, tlkjr mh`phjae
fe Glhyrhoje lho prj`hrjiy bkke h arfueo mh`phjae, fek fc s`hii-smhik hetj-aukrjiih fpkrhtjfes
cfualt je lkhvjiy pfpuihtko mjvjijhe kevjrfe`kets, wjtl ijttik usk cfr sljp-tf-sljp fr
sljp-tf-surchmk frojehemk. _lk vfiu`k fc frojehemk rhjeko ofwe fe Ghrrhgjs whs tkrrjbik
8:
kefual tf trjaakr aifbhi skjs`jm hmtjvjty, oksthbjijzjea heo ok`frhijzjea tlk ketrkemlko pkhshet
ikvjks heo mfesmrjpt hr`jks7 ht ejalt, ourjea tlk khriy ohys fc _yrhe‚s Iheojea, tlk sgy whs ijt
wjtl tlk brjiijhet efvhk fc summkssfr sljps cihrjea eumikhr hs _yrhe‚s bhttiksljps keahako hii
mf`krs tlht ojo eft surrkeokr tlk`skivks tf ljs `heohtk.
_ljs fpkejea shivf -- _yrhe‚s Iheojea -- wfuio `hrg tlk keo fc tlk Heefru` ^hsshmhaijh. Cfr
tlk bkttkr lhic fc h wkkg, _yrhe‚s bhttikwfre vktkrhes cfualt je tlk lhiis fc tlk `hssjvk _lrfek
Ghrrhgh mf`pikx, rfftjea fut tlk ihst fc tlk bkikhaukrko J`pkrjhi Auhro tlht rkcusko tf
surrkeokr. _lk tlrfek jtskic whs brkhmlko fe tlk skvketl ohy fc tlk jevhsjfe, wjtl _yrhe
ikhojea tlk cjrst whvk jetf tlk chmjijty. _lkrk tlky cfueo tlk ihst fc tlk J`pkrjhi Auhro -- tlkjr
`fst-ljal mf``heokrs heo ojklhro vktkrhes -- heo keahako tlk` je h bruthi `kikk ht tlk cfft
fc tlk tlrfek wlkrk tlk rfttko, sgkikthi mfrpsk fc tlk ihst k`pkrfr sifumlko. _yrhe heo ljs
sfiojkrs wkrk vjmtfrjfus, heo frhi ljstfrjks rkmfro tlk `f`ket wlkrk lk mij`bko tlk stkps tf tlk
j`pkrjhi bfoy heo, hctkr rk`fvjea jts mrfwe, tlrkw tlk okssjmhtko mfrpsk ofwe.
’_lk cjrst tj`k J vjsjtko _lrfek Ghrrhgjs, J ojo sf hahjest tlk aues fc tlk J`pkrjhi Auhro. J
whs h `he f‚ijek je _yrhe‚ Mf
Mfet
etrh
rhph
phtr
trk`
k`8=, h vktkrhe fc ljs whrs fe Glhyrhoje heo tlk
ifea dfureky bktwkke wfrios. J whs bfre fe Jsphlshihr, heo he fio `he fc tlrkk-heo-cjcty
(hs J pkrmkjvko jt) wlke wk stfr`ko _lrfek. J lho ekvkr brkhtlko tlk Rfyhi Hjr4 J wfuio
eft brkhtlk jt cfr ykhrs, hs `y skhiko-suj
skhiko-sujtt8? whs ekmksshry ttf
f gkkp `k ccrf`
rf` oyjea. J
prf`jsko `yskic -- J rk`k`bkr tlj
tljs
s -- hs fur orfp-sljp mhrrjko `k tlrfual cihg,
cihg, tlht J
wfuio fek ohy rkture je tlk whr` sue fc pkhmk, heo brkhtlk Rfyhi Hjr. Cfr jt `ust bk
swkkt tf bk gkpt crf` us.
_lk bhttik tf tlht pfjet lho bkke fek cfualt ueokr tlk stkre chmks fc phtrjmjhes heo
^hsshmhaijhes -- tlfsk wlf lho ruiko us, crf` ojsthet, cfr tj`k sjemk bkcfrk J mfuio
rk`k`bkr -- je stfek heo `feu`ket. _lksk tlk hemjket lhiis wheokr‚o feiy by tlk bhrk
ckkt fc ^hsshmhaijh‚s tlfusheo-tlfusheo mljiorke, tlksk hemjket lhiis feiy kvkr gjssko by
tlk sfueo fc ihualtkr heo sfea -- efw tlk bfftko trf`p fc sfiojkry heo tlk tlueokrsfueo
fc fur mheefe heo aue.
Ojo J prfchek tlk pihmk J cfualt tf shvk6 Mhe fek prfchek h pihmk mfrruptko by tlk feks
wlf lhuet jt6 Xukstjfes cfr rfbk‚o `ke heo wf`ke, eft cfr `k. @y thsg whs tf cjalt.
J ikho h uejt fc `ke f‚ijek, sf`k tlk sfes fc tlfsk kiokrs wlf lho ikct wjtl us cfr
Glhyrhoje, ftlkrs `y brftlkrs je hak heo vktkrhemy. By tlk Heefru`‚s wfro, wk lho
skke hii tlk Qfrio8; heo vfjo but cfr jts lkhrt4 Ghrh-gj
Ghrh-gjz,
z, Chjr-Fek. @y vktkrhes lho bkke
mhst fut fc tljs ahroke (J, hs J shjo, crf` h ekjalbfrjea pift) tf h ojsthet, uearhtkcui iheo fc
`uo heo lhzk, tfio fur prjzk whs tf mihj` jt cfr tljs mrfwe, tljs _lrfek.
8=
_lk ’Mfuetkr-Chtlkr‐, _yrheeus‚ httk`pt tf krhsk `fst fc tlk prk-_yrheejm, prk-Bhrfejm ljstfrjks -- hs
lk whs quftko hs shyjea, ’_f @hgk Ef Gjea Bkcfrk @k‐.
8?
Ghrrhgje skhiko-sujts whs h vkrsjfe fc prk-lhrosujt bhttik hr`fr. Jts pfwkr whs ruoj`kethry, but cfr jts
tj`k jt whs h cfr`johbik cfrmk `uitjpijkr.
Je Ghrrhgje, ’tlk Qfrio‐ mf``feiy whs usko tf rkckr tf Ghrrhgjs heo hii lkr mfifejks.
8;
2>
Qk ojo heo wkrk hbheofeko. By vftk heo vfjmk wk ok`heoko fur rjalt, heo _yrhe
prf`jsko jt. ]f wlf kisk wfuio wk
wk cfiifw6 Efek but lj`.
Crf` tlk bkiiy fc fur orfp-sljp, ueokr hslke Rfyhi sgjks, wk cfualt tf tlk lkhrt fc tlk
_lrfek. J ihjo ifw `hey by lhrslft heo bihok, heo whs cjrst tf tlk arkht skhiko offrs fc
tlk ^hsshmhaijhe tlrfek.
Mrhtkrus heo Hetjafeus, `y skmfeos, lho bkke wfueoko, but tlky lkio khml ftlkr up,
sifumlko fvkr tlkjr bkit-ckos. J lho mut h iffp-lfik je tlk afioke offrs wjtl `y
pke-bkh`, heo ckit h rkspfesjbjijty
rkspfesjbjijty cfr tlkjr wfueos hs tlk J`pkrjhi
J`pkrjhi Auhro lho slfvko
slfvko
tlkjr wkhpfes crf` tlk lfik heo bihstko, bijeo, tfwhros us. Brhvk Mrhtkrus cjrko bhmg,
strjgjea `hey fc tlk`, lfiikrjea Hetjafeus‚ eh`k, cfr lk ifvko lj` okhriy. Ljs kccfrts
shvko Hetjafeus heo J, heo tlk rkst fc `y `ke, heo sjikemko tlk J`pkrjhis wjtlje.
J lho ekvkr whetko h orjeg `frk tlhe lfw `y tlrfht bkaako cfr sihgk je tlht `f`ket.
Rhw, J rk`k`bkr tlk wfro fvkr heo fvkr. Rhw ijgk lft sheo bhgko cjr` ueokr Ojhofmlj‚s
83
uewhvkrjea ijalt.
H lusl. _ljs, tff,
tff, js wlht J rk`k`bkrko4 h lusl tlht ckii fvkr tlk bhttik, he fpprkssjvk
fpprkssjvk
vkji tlht oksmkeoko upfe hii mf`bhthets. _lk J`pkrjhis jesjok tlk offrs fc tlk _lrfek
kvke mkhsko tlkjr oh`ehbik sjeajea.
_yrhe hpprfhmlko, heo pihmko h lheo upfe Hetjafeus, heo spfgk wljspkrs tf lj`, heo
chjr Hetjafeus ojo stheo tf ljs cuii lkjalt, tf pihmk ljs fwe lheo fe _yrhe‚s keh`kiko
slfuiokr. Mrhtkrus rfsk crf` ljs sifuml-mfvkr, heo _yrhe ijctko lj` up, heo pihmko ljs
lheo fe ljs fppfsjtk slfuiokr. Heo J stffo tf tlk sjok, heo _yrhe s`jiko, heo spfgk tf
`k shyjea ’_lk J`pkrjhis Rksjst Bkyfeo _ljs Offr6‐
Heo tf lj` J mfuio
mfuio eft spkhg, but efo. H
Heo
eo lk orkw ljs aij
aijttkrjea
ttkrjea swfro `hok
`hok crf`
sthrchii, heo pfjetko jt tf tlk offr heo mf``heoko jt fpke, heo tlkrk whs h `f`ket fc
arkht arfhejea prftkst, heo tlke tlk offr swuea fpke, heo crf` jt mlhrako tlk J`pkrjhis.
H arkht heo biffoy `kikk
`kikk kesuko, Hetjafeus heo Mrhtkrus heo J stheojea
stheojea hs tlk
pkrsfehi auhro tf _yrhe lj`skic, ht tlk lkho fc fur arkht hr`
hr`y
y hs jt mihslko je tlk
mfrrjofrs fc tlk _lrfek. Qk trhoko bihok heo bifw wjtl tlk Ifros heo Aifrjfus
Mf``heokrs fc tlk K`pjrk, wlfsk eh`ks wkrk bikssko tlk`skivks by ^hsshmhaijh‚s
fwe ijps, heo wlfsk rhj`kets wkrk tlk cjekst kikmtru` heo hoh`hetjek, wlfsk wkhpfes
s`fgko wjtl ijalt-lkht, wlfsk fwe cfr`s wkrk eft tlk mfethjekrs fc tlkjr fwe wjii.
Qk strumg tlk` ofwe, `hok `frthi femk `frk tlkjr sfct J`pkrjhi ciksl. Khml bjtk `y
bhyfekt htk fc tlk`, h iheo whs `hok crkk je pfstkrjty. Fur whs tlk rjaltkfus cjalt, tlk
skttjea fc h brfgke bfek. Hs wk tfrk tlk` ofwe, wk `hok h iheo wlfik.
83
Jsphlshihr‚s lf`k sthr.
28
Heo tlke tlk ihst ckii,
ckii, heo tlk ifea tthii
hii stkps up tf tlk _lrfek jtskic _yrhe
_yrhe ojo whig. Efek
Efek
httk`ptko tf cfiifw, but tf chii upfe h gekk, `uttkr h prhykr cfr whtkr heo pkhmk heo
tlhegs cfr h ijck bkyfeo tljs fek.
J whtmlko hs _yrhe, hpprfhmljea tlk Rfyhi Cfr` fc tlk okho K`pkrfr, ojo skt ofwe ljs
sthrchii bihok. Ojo ijct crf` tlk Rfyhi Cfr` tlk lkhvy mrfwe fc k`pjrk. Ojo tlrfw tlk
Rfyhi Cfr` ofwe crf` jts skpuimlkr-tlrfek heo, sjttjea lj`skic upfe jt, rkst tlk lkhvy
mrfwe fe ljs fwe lkho, heo spkhg tf us ljs truk eh`k4 _yrheeus.
-- Kxmkrpt crf` _lk @k`fjr heo Eftks fc Bhrfe Mhssheokr-Keo fc tlk Lfusk fc
Aihss
Hctkr okmihrjea
okmihrjea lj`skic
lj`skic _yrheeus,
_yrheeus, h sjaejcjmhet
sjaejcjmhet eu`bkr
eu`bkr fc tlk summkssfr mihj`hets‚ ikvjks
ikvjks heo
mfesmrjpts hrfueo _lrfek Ghrrhgh surrkeokr heo pikoak tlkjr skrvjmk tf lj`. Ef ftlkr mihj`het
whs hbik tf sjt tlk tlrfek -- tlkrkcfrk, _yrheeus `ust bk tlk truk summkssfr.
_yrhe‚s Iheojea js wjokiy rkahroko je tlk Bhrfejks efw hs h mruki but ekmksshry hmtjfe -- tlk
feiy why, ljstfrjks rkmfro, fc brkhgjea tlk sthik`htk. ’Hs h brfgke bfek `ust bk rk-skt je frokr
tf lkhi,‐ h prf`jeket tkxt wrjtks, ’sf tff ojo _yrhe ekko tf rk-skt tlk Heefru`.‐
22
Heefru` _yrheeus
_yrheeus vjmtfry je _lrfek Ghrrhgjs heo tlk mhpjtuihtjfe fc tlk mfesmrjpt rhegs ojo eft `khe lk
mfequkrko heo lkhiko tlk wfrio fc Ghrrhgjs fr tlk ahihxy ht ihrak. Jeokko, ljs khriy pfsjtjfe
whs okspkrhtk ht bkst. Ghrrhgjs, hctkr hii, whs h wfrio twkety ykhrs jetf h whr fc httrjtjfe, wjtl h
pfpuihtjfe eu`bkrjea dust ueokr81twf bjiijfe sfuis heo he hvkrhak okvkifp`ket ikvki hgje tf h
Bkiik Kpfquk/^hs
Kpfquk/^hstfrhi
tfrhi prkskrvk
prkskrvk prjfr tf tlk
tlk sthrt fc tlk ]ummkssjfe
]ummkssjfe Qhr.
Qhr. Oktlrfejea
Oktlrfejea tlk
mfrpsk fc tlk prkvjfus k`pkrfr feiy `hrgko tlk bkajeejea fc _yrheeus‚ arkht prfdkmt4 tf
rk-`hgk he k`pjrk je ljs j`hak. _lk cjrst stkps fc ljs prfdkmt whs tf ojssk`jehtk gefwikoak fc
ljs vjmtfry heo tlk oktlrfejea fc tlk murrket ^hsshmhaijh hmrfss Ghrrhgjs heo tlk k`pjrk. _lke,
lk ekkoko tf ksthbijsl mfetrfi fvkr Ghrrhgjs heo tlk mfifejks. Cjehiiy, lk ekkoko tf rkbujio.
_lk ykhrs j``kojhtkiy cfiifwjea _yrheeus‚ mihj` wkrk `hrgko by he uptjmg je cjaltjea hmrfss
tlk aifbk. Gkpt je suppiy by _lrfek hr`frjks, _yrheeus‚ cikkt whs he uehsshjihbik frbjthi
cfrtrkss, mhphbik fc ihuemljea sfiojkrs heo frojehemk heywlkrk je tlk wfrio wjtl he hvkrhak
okpify`ket tj`k fc h `krk ejekty `jeutks. @hssko cfrmks wkrk htf`jzko by frbjthi cjrk7
prkvjfusiy j`pkektrhbik bhttik ijeks wkrk rkeokrko pfjetikss by slfmg trffpkrs tlht mfuio bk
orfppko bkljeo7 mf``heo buegkrs mfuio bk pfueoko tf oust ueokr sj`pik gjektjm htthmgs.
Fek by fek, tlk arfueo-bhsko summkssfr mihj`hets wkrk rfftko fut, tlkjr cfrmks kjtlkr
subsu`ko jetf _yrheeus‚ rhegs, fr sihualtkrko by wkhpfery tlht okckhtko kvkry okckesk tlky
mfuio `ustkr. _lk mihj`hets tlk`skivks, jc tlky wkrk mhpturko, wkrk ajvke he uitj`htu`4 rkmhet
yfur mihj`, tlke ojk.
_yrheeus‚ hr`jks swkpt hmrfss tlk wfrio iko by tlk vktkrhes fc ljs Glhyrhoje mh`phjae, ljs fio
mfrk fc ifyhi sfiojkrs-mu`-efbjijty ueokr tlk Heefru` _yrheeus. Gjif`ktkr by gjif`ktkr,
Ghrrhgjs chiis ueokr _yrheeus‚ bheekr, heo je tlk sphmk fc heftlkr okmhok tlk wfrio js phmjcjko.
Fio j`pkrjhi ifyhijsts, hrtjchmts fc tlk Heefru` ^hsshmhaijh heo tlk `jiikejh prjfr, fio iheos heo
mjty sthtks -- hii `hrgkrs fc hey prkvjfus
prkvjfus hak
hak8< wkrk okstrfyko.
okstrfyko. _lk ’rk-skttjea‐ fc tlk prkvjfus
prkvjfus
Heefru` whs h aj` pkrjfo h`fea
h`fea arj` pkrjfos
pkrjfos fc Ghrrhgjs‚
Ghrrhgjs‚ ljstfry
ljstfry -- _yrheeus
_yrheeus whs eft
eft hbfvk
tlk usk fc skmrkt pfijmk, wjoksprkho mkesfrsljp, heo jokfifajmhi puraks je frokr tf hmljkvk ljs
pfijtjmhi hj`s.
81
J`pfrthet tf eftk tlht Ghrrhgjs ht tlk ohwe fc tlk Heef _yrheeus lho he hvkrhak okvkifp`ket ikvki je
ijek wjtl h BK/^hstfrhi prkskrvk wfrio -- tljs ouk tf tlk Heef ^hsshmhaijh‚s pfijmy fc ’Rfyhi ]kphrhtjfe‐,
je wljml chethstjm tkmlefifajks (sphmkcijalt, kekray wkhpfes) wkrk rkstrjmtko tf tlk J`pkrjhi Bfoy heo jts
hakets. Je prhmtjmk, tljs `khet tlht, wljik tlk J`pkrjhi Auhro, j`pkrjhi burkhumrhmy, heo rfyhi ch`jiy
kedfyko hovhemko tkmlefifajks, tlk vhst `hdfrjty fc Ghrrhgje ijvko wjtlfut hmmkss tf -- fr je sf`k mhsks,
gefwikoak fc -- tlk`.
8<
_f tlk bkst fc tlk rkaj`k‚s hbjijty. Hpfmryplh, rujes,
rujes, heo ljooke ljstfrjks (fctke je tlk cfr` fc frhi
ljstfrjks, stfrjks, cfig thiks, sfeas, heo sf fe) pkrsjstko fe Ghrrhgjs. Hbrfho, je tlk mfifejks, `hey `frk
hrtjchmts heo tkxts survjvko.
2=
Kvjoket bruthijty hsjok, tlk pkfpik fc Ghrrhgjs -- heo mkrthjeiy tlfsk eft kxpfsko tf tlk mruki
mhphbjijtjks fc _yrheeus heo ljs hr`jks -- ihrakiy mkikbrhtko ljs hsmkesjfe heo tlk
heefuemk`ket fc h ekw Heefru`. _lk ^hsshmhaijh‚s jetkrch`jiy sphts, hctkr hii, sthrtko tlk
summkssjfe whr tlht sket tkes fc `jiijfes fc pkfpik tf tlkjr okhtl. _yrheeus lho tlk wjii heo
pfwk
pfwkrr tf
tf keo
keo jt8:.
Ljs lfio fe Ghrrhgjs skmurko, _yrheeus heo ljs hovjsfrs tureko tlkjr Heefru` kyk tf tlk ekxt
crfetjkr4 tlk mfifejks, ikct tf tlkjr fwe okvjmks cfr ekhriy cfur okmhoks -- twkety ykhrs fc cjijmjohi
whrs fe Ghrrhgjs, tke ykhrs fc uejcjmhtjfe mfecijmts fe tlk wfrio, heo h lheocui fc ykhrs ueokr
tlk ekw Heefru` -- lho frahejzko jetf tlkjr fwe Heefru`s, rkpubijms, heo sthtks. Jaefrko by
tlk mrfwe, tlk mfifejks mfetjeuko tf cjalt, okvkifpjea jetkrpihekthry mf`bht ofmtrjeks -- s`hii
smhik, but hovhemko -- heo tlkjr fwe ljstfrjks, muiturks, heo joketjtjks. ^khmk whs skmurko by
cfrmk, heo kesurko by cfrmk.
Je tljs khriy pkrjfo fc ljs Heefru`, _yrheeus heefuemko tlk mrkhtjfe fc ljs rfyhi ijek. Lk
ksthbijslko h ekw efbjijty crf` ljs ifyhi vktkrhes. Lk heefuemko rkcfr`s tf kxpheo tlk ojrkmt
ho`jejstrhtjfe fc _lrfek Ghrrhgh fvkr Ghrrhgjs ht ihrak, heo he h`bjtjfus afhi tf kxpheo tlk
wfrio‚s jecrhstrumturk, rhjsjea hii crf` tlk phstfrhi tf tlk pfst-jeoustrjhi. _lk Heefru` _yrheeus
whs tf bk `hrgko by arkht wfrgs, _yrheeus fctke rk`hrgko.
Lfwkvkr, _yrheeus gekw2>ljs mihj` wfuio eft bk mf`piktk ueikss lk mfuio brjea tlk mfifejks
bhmg ueokr
ueokr ljs of`jejfe 7 wjtl chechrk heo
heo aifrjks prf`jsko
prf`jsko tf tlfsk
tlfsk wlf vfiuetkkrko,
vfiuetkkrko, lk
lk
heefuemko h skmfeo rkuejcjmhtjfe mh`phjae, h rkture tf tlk mfifejks, heo h cuturk `frk
prfspkrfus tlhe tlht fc tlk prkvjfus Heefru`. _lfsk sfes heo ohualtkrs fc ljs ekw efbjijty, hs
wkii hs tlkjr chtlkrs heo `ftlkrs, wfuio bk fcckrko crksl mf``jssjfes heo tjtiks slfuio tlky
vfiuetkkr cfr skrvjmk7 tlfsk fc ef rheg mfuio htthje chvfrko sthtus ueokr _yrheeus‚ Heefru` jc
tlky keijstko.
Cfr ykhrs, tlk cfueorjks fe Ghrrhgjs mlureko fut ekw sljps, wkhpfes, heo hr`fr cfr _yrheeus‚
hr`jks. Ikvjks heo vfiuetkkrs trhjeko je tkrrkstrjhi, frbjthi, heo zkrf a mf`bht. Fccjmkr mfrps
stuojko _yrheeus‚ strhtkajks crf` tlk Glhyrhoje heo Ghrrhgje mh`phjaes. Hstrfifajmjhes
smfurko tlk lkhvkes cfr mf``uejmhtjfe heo sjaehis bktwkke tlk mfifejks. Qjtl h brfho sujtk fc
prfbks, tkiksmfpks, heo fbskrvhtfrjks ht tlkjr ojspfshi, _yrheeus heo ljs mf``heokrs bujit h
wfrgjea gefwikoak fc mfifejhi ehvhi strhtkajks, strkeatl, heo mhphbjijtjks.
_yrheeus‚ mfifejhi mh`phjae ihuemlko wjtlfut lj`. Ljs kiokst sfe, _haktks, iko tlk cikkt.
_yrheeus rk`hjeko fe Ghrrhgjs wjtl ljs mifsk hovjsfrs heo ljs ohualtkr Mhikeouih, wlf lk
8:
Hs fccjmjhi ljstfrjks eftk.
H mf`pkiijea hrau`ket hovhemko by `fokre tlkfrjsts4 H okkpkr, ohrgkr phrt fc _yrheeus gekw tlht lk
ojo eft gefw lfw tf `hehak pkhmktj`k, tlus hiwhys tlk j`pktus cfr whr. Hii ljs ijck, crf` h yfuea `he fc
kjaltkke fe mh`phjae ueokr tlk Heefru` ^hsshmhaijh‚s bheekr, tf ljs mf``heo hbfvk Glhyrhoje, tf ljs
rkture tf Ghrrhgjs heo tlk uejcjmhtjfe whr, _yrheeus lho bkke ht whr. Lk ekvkr ruiko he k`pjrk ht pkhmk
-- tlht wfrg lk ikct tf ljs ohualtkr, Mhikeouih.
2>
2?
mlfsk hs ljs lkjr. _yrheeus‚ Heefru` whs stjii yfuea wlke tlk cikkt ihuemlko, dust fvkr twf
okmhoks, heo ljs prkskemk whs ekkoko tf `hjethje `frhik heo mflksjfe fe tlk lf`kcrfet.
Ljstfrjks rkmfro tlht, ourjea tlk cjrst rk-mfequkst fc tlk Heef _yrheeus -- tlk Hrruoyk
Kxpkojtjfe -- _yrheeus spket lfurs khml ejalt fbskrvjea tlk prfarkss fc tlk bhttik crf` h
bhimfey fbskrvhtfry, jaefrjea of`kstjm fbijahtjfes wljik lk phmko ueokr tlk bhttikcjkio `ffe.
^khmktj`k ekvkr hppkhiko tf _yrheeus, jt wfuio skk`, heo ljstfrjks rkmfros tlht, cfr tlk
ourhtjfe fc tlk mh`phjae, ljs ho`jejstrhtfrs rhe tlk Heefru` ueokr ojrkmtjfe fc Mhikeouih.
_yrheeus‚ mfifejhi uejcjmhtjfe mh`phjae whs eft sfikiy `hrtjhi. Hlkho fc ljs arkht cikkt, lk
ojsphtmlko k`jsshrjks hbfhro ijalt, qujmg sljps, wjtl `ksshaks fc pkhmk, afio trjbutks
smhvkeako crf` _lrfek Ghrrhgh, heo ftlkr ojspihys fc wkhitl heo pfwkr -- wkhitl heo pfwkr
tlht, ht ikhst je khriy mhsks, _yrheeus ojo eft hmtuhiiy lhvk fe Ghrrhgjs. _lksk k`jsshrjks wkrk
summksscui je mfevjemjea sf`k fc tlk wfrios tf pikoak tlk`skivks tf tlk Heefru` -- Jsphlshihr,
_jij`she, heo Bf -- cfiifwjea cfrmk prfdkmtjfes mhst tf tlk wfrios‚ hssk`biko ikhokrs. Ftlkrs,
mljkc h`fea tlk` _yrheeus‚ fio rjvhi, Glhyrhoje, rksjstko. _lky wkrk subdkmt tf tlk cuii strkeatl
fc _haktks‚ cikkts heo hr`jks, heo ckii je tj`k.
_lk mfifejhi uejcjmhtjfe mh`phjae ihstko cfr okmhoks rkhitj`k, heo by jts keo _yrheeus whs fe
ljs okhtlbko. Mhikeouih lho hirkhoy hsmkeoko tlk tlrfek heo, kssketjhiiy, ruiko tlk Heefru`,
but h cfr`hi mkrk`fey `hrgjea tlk trhesjtjfe fc pfwkr whs ekmksshry -- tljs _yrheeus whetko
tf lfio fcc uetji _haktks mfuio rkture, tf slfw tf ljs subdkmts tlht tlkrk wfuio bk ef mfecijmts
fvkr summkssjfe. _yrheeus wjslko tf slfw tlk strkeatl fc ljs Heefru`, but Mhikeouih heo lkr
hovjsfrs urako lhstk4 _yrheeus whs ekhr okhtl, heo _haktks‚ rkture wfuio thgk `frk tlhe h
mketury7 by tlk tj`k lk rktureko, Mhikeouih‚s mljiorke wfuio bk fc-hak heo ijgkiy tf sjt tlk
tlrfek. Okpkeojea fe _haktks‚ ojspfsjtjfe, heftlkr summkssjfe whr mfuio sphrg heo tkhr ofwe
tlk Heefru` _yrheeus. _f prkvket tljs smkehrjf, Mhikeouih mhiiko cfr _yrheeus heo _haktks tf
h ojhifa, h su``jt vjh ijalt je frokr tf oktkr`jek tlk mfrrkmt mfursk fc hmtjfe.
_lk tlrkk fc tlk` `kt, heo ojsmussko wjtl tlkjr hovjsfrs, heo mh`k tf h prkvjfusiy uetljeghbik
mfemiusjfe4 tlk Heefru` _yrheeus `ust keo.
2;
Oyehstjmihok
Ikttkr fe tlk Oyehstjmihok sket by ljs `hdksty _yrheeus, K`pkrfr fc tlk Heefru` je Ljs
Eh`k
Cfr j``kojhtk rkikhsk hmrfss tlk j`pkrjhi `ueoj
_f bk brfhomhst fe hii pihtcfr`s
_f bk trhesihtko tf hii iheauhaks
BK J_ GEFQE _F HII4
Zfu wlf lhvk lkhro tljs `jssjvk, lhvk lkhro tlk mihrjfe rjea fc h ekw ohwe. Je ejekty
ejek ykhrs (J`pkrjhi) _HAK_K] slhii rkture tf _lrfek Ghrhgjz7 yfu fc hovhemko hak
gefw tlk _KRRFR fc tj`k, lfw jt rhvhaks ch`jijks, spijts busjekss phrtekrs, heo
mfecusks ifvkrs.
_F ^RKSKE_ HEF_LKR HAK FC _[@[I_, J, _ZRHEE[], OF LKRKBZ J]][K _LK
CFIIFQJEA MF@@HEO4
[pfe tlk OKH_L heo ^H]]JEA fc _ZRHEE[], K@^KRFR FC _LK HEEFR[@ JE LJ]
EH@K, ljs bkifvko ohualtkr heo lkjr, MHIKEO[IH, OKM[RJFE FC _LRFEK
GHRHGJT, slhii hsmkeo tf lkr j`pkrjhi skht, eh`jea ef mlfske tf cfiifw. ]lk wjii ruik
crf` _lrfek Ghrhgjz, wjtl h aiho heo afioke sueskt kvkr ht lkr rjalt lheo.
_HAK_K], LHAJFARH^L FC _LK HEEFR[@, JE _RHE]J_ slhii rkthje ljs tjtik,
subdkmts, heo iheo, tlfual `hgk ef mihj` fvkr tlk Rjalts heo Ruiks fc tlk K`pjrk. Lk
wjii eft bk yfur k`pkrfr, tlfual ljs prkskemk je Heefru` sphmk slhii brjea h whr` aifw
tf hii fur lkhrts.
[^FE _LK ^H]]JEA FC @Z CHJR OH[AL_KR MHIKEO[IH, @Z HEEFR[@ ]LHII
KEO.
[^FE _LK ^H]]JEA FC @Z CHJR OH[AL_KR MHIKEO[IH, @Z HEEFR[@ ]LHII
KEO.
[^FE _LK ^H]]JEA FC @Z CHJR OH[AL_KR MHIKEO[IH, @Z HEEFR[@ ]LHII
KEO.
@y Heefru` slhii hbojmhtk _lrfek Ghrhgjz. Je jts pihmk wjii sjt h mfuemji fc `y `fst
lfefrko hovjsfrs7 tlky slhii skrvk cfr twkety ykhrs, heo je tlht tj`k tlky wjii ksthbijsl
tlk mfrrkmt heo dust prfmkourks cfr khml wfrio tf kikmt h rkprkskethtjvk tf skrvk h tkr` fc
heftlkr twkety ykhrs fe tljs mfuemji.
Hbojmhtjfe fc tljs outy js hbrfahtjfe fc tlkjr rjalt tf ruik, heo hii wlf skk tlk` slhii bk
`heohtko tf spjt, mursk, heo strjgk tlk`, wjtl `y bikssjea.
23
@jek slhii bk tlk cjehi Heefru`. Zfu, `y pkfpik, okskrvk `frk tlhe h mrfwe tf ruik yfu4
yfu slhii ruik yfurskivks.
-
Ljs
Ljs @hdks
@hdksty
ty tlk
tlk K
K`pk
`pkrfr
rfr _yrhe
_yrheeus
eus,, ]fik
]fik heo Cj
Cjehi
ehi..
_lk Oyehstjmihok4 tlk frokriy trhesckr fc tlk Heefru` _yrheeus crf` he j`pkrjhi `fehrmly tf
ekw ckokrhtjfe fc efbik sthtks. _yrheeus wfuio ruik fut tlk rkst fc ljs ehturhi ijck. Mhikeouih
wfuio hsmkeo tlk tlrfek heo eh`k ef lkjrs, `hehajea tlk trhesjtjfe hs h sthbik ikhokr.
_haktks,
rkture,
tf ruik4 ljs
he lfefrhry
h mlfske upfe
eh`kljs
-- heo
he wfuio
ksthtk `hgk
wlkrkef
lkhttk`pt
wfuio `hehak
tlkmihj`
hcchjrswfuio
fc tlkbk
Rfyhi
ch`jiy, tjtik -mfetjeujea tlk Heefru` je h mkrk`fejhi mhphmjty.
_lk j`puisk tfwhros Oyehstjmihok whs prf`ptko by _yrheeus‚ kxpkrjkemk fc tlk biffoy keo fc
tlk Heefru` ^hsshmhaijh7 tljs stkp whs he httk`pt tf ksthbijsl h trhesjtjfe crf` j`pkrjhi
`fehrmly tf h efbik ckokrhtjfe. _lkrk wfuio bk h mfuemji fc ruikrs mlfske crf` tlk efbjijty by
tlk efbjijty. Khml wfrio wfuio bk rkprksketko, heo tfaktlkr tlky wfuio okmjok tlk chtk fc hii
pkfpiks. _lk fio ch`jiy eh`ks wfuio bk ofek hwhy wjtl, heo ekw feks wfuio bk mlfske. Khml
efbik ijek heo tlkjr wfrio wfuio bk h sjeaik spfgk fc h wlkki wlfsk lub whs Ghrrhgjs4 wjtlfut
tlk lub, hii wfuio chji, heo wjtlfut tlk spfgks, tlk lub wfuio chji.
_ljs whs tlk Oyehstjmihok, wlfsk bkajeejea wfuio bk `hrgko by he ueprkmkoketko pfijtjmhi
rkfrahejzhtjfe, heo wlfsk keo wfuio bk okcjeko by he kpfml-okcjejea whtkrslko `f`ket4 tlk
jetrfoumtjfe fc [ejfe tf Ghrrhgjs.
_lk prfpfshi, wlke heefuemko tf tlk k`pjrk ht ihrak, sket slfmgwhvks tlrfual tlk efbjijty
heo pkhshetry bftl. _lk `jssjvk whs brfhomhst tf hii wfrios heo sljps je trhesjt, prjetko heo
phstko tf tlk whiis fc kvkry mjty, mrjko fut je tfwe squhrks, heo ojstrjbutko tf tlk pubijm
wlkrkvkr tlky wkrk. _yrheeus, wlf lho ruiko cfr ekhriy h mketury cfiifwjea tlk mfemiusjfe fc
tlk summkssjfe whrs, whs ekvkr h arheo heo akekrhtjfehi ruikr, but fek hccjxko cjr`iy je tlk
`jeo fc tlk Ghrrhgje
Ghrrhgje pkfpik
pkfpik hs h arkht28 uejcyjea cjaurk.
cjaurk. _f lhvk lj`
lj` prf`jsk eft
eft mfetjeuko ruik,
but heftlkr crhmturjea -- kvke fek frokriy hs ljs Oyehstjmihok -- whs wfrryjea.
_yrheeus hbojmhtko bkcfrk ljs okhtl, mrfwejea ljs ohualtkr Mhikeouih je h `uitj-ohy pubijm
mkrk`fey fe Ghrrhgjs. Lk tlrkw tlk offrs fc _lrfek Ghrrhgjs fpke wjok, hiifwjea cfr tlk cjrst
tj`k tlk mf``fe rhegs fc pkfpik jesjok tlk whiiko rfyhi mjty. Cfr tlfsk wlf mfuioe‚t `hgk tlk
dfureky tf _lrfek Ghrrhgjs
Ghrrhgjs ourjea
ourjea tlk mfrfehtjfe,
mfrfehtjfe, _yrheeus frokrko pubijm
pubijm ckrrjks tf bk
ojsphtmlko, heo jssuko hey wlf rkqukstko ketrhemk h vfumlkr tlht wfuio hiifw tlk` -- fr tlkjr
oksmkeohets, slfuio tlky eft survjvk tlk dfureky -- ketrhemk cfr fek ohy jetf tlk rfyhi mjty.
28
’Arkht‐ je tlk skesk fc h pkrsfe wlfsk slhofw iff`s ihrak fvkr tlk ljstfry fc h pihmk. Eft h wlfiiy
ifvko cjaurk, but fek wlf lhs lho he ueokejhbik j`phmt.
21
Ghrrhgjs lho eft kxpkrjkemko h mfrfehtjfe sjemk tlk ihst ^hsshmhaijhe K`pkrfr -- cfr tlk cjrst
tj`k je ekhriy twf mketurjks, tlk wfrio whs arjppko eft by whr, but mkikbrhtjfe. _ljs mfrfehtjfe
`hrgko tlk bkajeejea fc h ekw krh4 Mhikeouih prf`jsko bkcfrk tlk wfrio tlht lkrs wfuio bk h
ruik fc pkhmk, h ruik fc ue`hgjea tlk fio whys je chvfr fc tlk ekw. ’Mlheak,‐ slk js rkmfroko hs
shyjea, ’Js h prf`jsk `hok tf fur mljiorke, heo he lfefr tf fur hemkstfrs. Fur pkfpik, je tj`k
j``k`frjhi, survjvko
survjvko tlk
tlk okhtl fc h wfrio -- wk efw uslkr je tlk
tlk bjrtl fc
fc h ekw fek.‐
fek.‐22
Hs Mhikeouih
Mhikeouih `hehako
`hehako tlk hcchjrs fc _lrfek Ghrrhgjs,
Ghrrhgjs, tlk pjiarj`haks, heo tlk ohjiy outjks
outjks fc
spkkmlks, rk`hrgs, heo rkhssurhemks tf tlk ekvkr-keojea strkh` fc pktjtjfekrs tf tlk chojea
tlrfek, lkr hovjsfr mfuemji wfrgko tf mfestrumt he kikmtfrhi systk` tlht mfuio mffrojehtk
rfualiy je-syem hmrfss tlk Heefru`. _lkjr cjrst stkp whs tf mfojcy he kikmtfrhi mihss crkk fc tlk
tjks fc prkvjfus efbjijty heo rhegjea -- tljs tlky ojo by frahejzjea tlk lfusks fc wfrios jetf
’eh`kikss‐ mhtkafrjks, oktkr`jeko by tlk wfrio upfe wljml tlky `hok tlkjr lf`k. Qljik tlkjr
spkmjcjm pihtcfr`s heo jetkrksts lhvk mlheako sjemk tlkjr jejtjhi ksthbijsl`ket, tlk Eh`kikss
Lfusks stjii kxjst je tlk ehrrhtjvk prksket -- efw sj`piy mhiiko tlk @hdfr Lfusks.
_lk @hdfr Lfusks hrk hs cfiifws4
◆
◆
◆
◆
◆
◆
◆
◆
◆
_lk Lfusk
Lfusk fc
fc Frokr,
Frokr, wlfsk
wlfsk mhpjth
mhpjthii wf
wfrio
rio js
js Gh
Ghrrhg
rrhgjs.
js.
_lk Lf
Lfusk
usk fc
fc Rk`k`bkr
Rk`k`bkrhem
hemk,
k, wlf
wlfsk
sk mhpjthi
mhpjthi wfrio
wfrio js tlk
tlk `ffe
`ffe Hrruoyk.
Hrruoyk.
_lk Lfusk
Lfusk fc Aihss,
Aihss, wlfsk
wlfsk mhpjthi
mhpjthi wfrio
wfrio js Jsphl
Jsphlshih
shihr.
r.
_lk Lfusk
Lfusk fc
fc ]heo,
]heo, wlfsk
wlfsk mhpjth
mhpjthii wfrio
wfrio js
js _j
_jij`sh
ij`she.
e.
_lk L
Lfusk
fusk fc ]`fgk
]`fgk,, wlf
wlfsk
sk mhpjth
mhpjthii wfrio
wfrio js tlk
tlk `ffe
`ffe KyhiktKyhikt-h.
h.
_lk Lfusk
Lfusk fc ]tfek,
]tfek, wlfsk
wlfsk mhpjthi
mhpjthi wfrio js Glhyrh
Glhyrhoje.
oje.
_lk Lfusk
Lfusk fc
fc Qhtkr,
Qhtkr, wlfsk
wlfsk mhpjth
mhpjthii wf
wfrio
rio js
js [`
[`hrh.
hrh.
_lk Lfusk
Lfusk fc @f`kets,
@f`kets, wlfsk
wlfsk mhpjthi
mhpjthi wfrio
wfrio js Bkau
Bkau`.
`.
_lk Lfusk
Lfusk fc
fc Oust,
Oust, wlfsk
wlfsk mhp
mhpjth
jthii wfrio
wfrio js Bf.
Bf.
Qljik efw tlk @hdfr Lfusks prj`hrjiy rkprksket tlk jetkrksts fc tlkjr `hehajea trhok mhrtkis,
tlkjr cfueohtjfe lho ef suml jeoustrjhi fr `hrgkt okijekhtjfe, efr tlkjr fwe jetkrehi efbjijtjks fr
eh`ko pkrsfes
pkrsfes2=. Jestkho,
Jestkho, tlky wkrk `frk je ijek wjtl phrty
phrty frahejzhtjfes,
frahejzhtjfes, `khet tf
tf mfiikmt tlk
pkfpik fc fek wfrio jetf h sj`pik, mifsko vftjea kevjrfe`ket.
_lk Oyehstjmihok prfarkssko wjtl h surprjsjea khsk, hs fvkr tlk jetkrvkejea ykhrs bktwkke
Mhikeouih‚s mfrfehtjfe heo _haktks‚ rkture, khml wfrio harkko tf phrtjmjphtk. Zkhrs fc
hej`fsjty hahjest tlk mrfwe, wlfik biffoy ljstfrjks fc rksjsthemk heo mhpjtuihtjfe, fc skmrkt
pfijmk heo pkhshet ikvjks -- jt hii bkahe tf sijp hwhy, hs tlk pfpuihtjfes fc tlk mfifejks rkhijzko
22
Crf` Mhikeouih‚s Rk`hrgs fe _lk Hmmfuet fc Hbojmhtjfe heo Mfrfehtjfe, Rkvjsko. ^ub. by
Bkeshihl-Gkt fc Lfusk Hraf, ;>>8u, Ghrrhgje Bhrfejm J`prjet Ef. >2<1=3822
2=
Ef fek bfrk tlk eh`k ’Fc ]tfek‐, ’fc _k`pkrhemk‐, fr ’fc ]heo‐, heo sf fe. Fek wfuio joketjcy hs h
`k`bkr fc tlk lfusk, but eft je h biffo rkihtjfe7 jc fek `jarhtko tf h ojcckrket wfrio heo jetkeoko tf ijvk
tlkrk, tlky wfuio rkajstkr hs h `k`bkr fc tlht wfrio‚s lfusk. Efw, tljs js eft tlk mhsk.
2<
tlht tlkjr vfjmk wfuio bk `hok kquhi je tlk lhiis fc Ghrrhgjs, jc feiy tlky harkko tf tlk tkr`s fc
tlk Oyehstjmihok. _lky wfuio ef ifeakr bk jeokpkeoket, but tlky wfuio lhvk pfwkr je tlk cfr`
fc tlkjr Bhrfejm rkprkskethtjvk. _lk wfrios, fek by fek, mfesketko tf phrtjmjphtk je tlk Ekw
Ckokrhtjfe. _lk ekw lfusks wkrk ksthbijslko.
^khmk whs ht lheo.
LKIIF, F[_ _LKRK
Je tlk ljal okskrt fbskrvhtfrjks fe Ghrrhgjs wlkrk Heefru` Ehvjahtjfe `fejtfrko tlk frbjthi
kevjrfe`ket hrfueo tlk wfrio, he fio sjaehi bufy, hmtjvk sjemk prk-^hsshmhaijhe tj`ks, pjeako
tf ijck.
_ljs whs he ueusuhi, tlfual eft ueprkmkoketko okvkifp`ket4 tlkrk wkrk tlfusheos fc fio
sjaehi bufys skkoko tlrfual Ghrrhgje ifmhi sphmk, ou`pko je tlk wfrio‚s IhArheak pfjets, heo
je vhrjfus ifea heo slfrt frbjts hrfueo tlk pihekt. _lky lho bkke skkoko `jiikejh haf by tlk
Hpfiif,, pfwkrko by eumikhr orjvks tlht, hs chr hs tlk lu`hes fc Ghrrhgjs wkrk mfemkreko, wkrk
Hpfiif
jekxlhustjbik. _lk bufys -- fio mf``uejmhtjfes rkihys, ohth-mfiikmtjfe shtkiijtks,
tlkhtkr-bujiojea hutfmhrtfarhplkrs, brkhomru`b efoks, ktm -- wkrk trhmgko, but ikct hifek ueikss
tlky prksketko h oheakr tf futbfueo fr jebfueo frbjthi trhccjm.
_lk bufy tlht pjeako whs h mf``uejmhtjfes rkihy, h sj`pik sjaehi bffstkr tlht hmmkptko h
tjaltbkh` ihskr mf``uejmhtjfe, sjaltko jts ekxt pfjet, heo phssko jt fe, mikhejea tlk sjaehi heo
bffstjea jt tf prkvket tff `uml ohth ifss. Je tljs mhsk, jt thraktko tlk fio tfwkrs fc Heefru`
Ehvjahtjfe, `hjethjeko fe Ghrrhgjs sjemk tlk khrijkst ohys fc lhbjthtjfe by h skrjks fc
prfckssjfehis, `fehstjm frokrs, muits, heo, ht tlk tj`k fc mfethmt, h sgkiktfe mrkw fc Heefru`
cijalt mfetrfi fpkrhtfrs mifsjea up slfp.
Jt tffg tlk mrkw tlk bkttkr phrt fc h wkkg tf rkhijzk tlht tlk fio bufy whs pjeajea -- h sj`pik
bjehry `ksshak, wljml tlky wkrk hbik tf trhesihtk cfiifwjea fio aujoks jetf Mf``fe, tlke jetf
Ghrrhgje4
LKIIF F[_ _LKRK. OF ZF[ RKHO []6 _LJ] J] [EJFE FE MRHOIK WKHR_LP,
MHIIJEA HEZ ][RSJSFR] WOK]MKEOHE_]P FC _LK H^FIIF
H^FIIF.. ZF[ HRK EF_
HIFEK. H__HMLKO
H__HMLKO HRK ^IHE] CFR MFE_HM_JEA
MFE_HM_JEA _
_LK
LK ]KEOKR
]KEOKR FC _LJ]
_LJ]
@K]]HAK. _LJ] @K]]HAK QJII RK^KH_ [E_JI MFE_HM_ J] @HOK.
_lk `ksshak mfethjeko pihes tf mfestrumt h mf`phtjbik mf``uejmhtjfes pihtcfr`, but tlk
Ghrrhgjes lho ef ekko4 tlky wkrk hbik tf tuek he kxjstjea pihtcfr` tf tlk mfrrkmt phrh`ktkrs
heo skeo tlkjr fwe `ksshak arkktjea [ejfe.
2:
@K]]HAK RKMKJSKO. QLF J] [EJFE6 QK HRK GHRRHGJE, F[R LF@K J]
GHRRHGJ]. HRK ZF[ IJGK []6
Htthmlko je tlk Ghrrhgje
Ghrrhgje rkpiy whs h brfho
brfho pfrtcfijf
pfrtcfijf fc ohth
ohth mfethjejea
mfethjejea j`haks,
j`haks, tkxts, `usjm,
`usjm, heo
ftlkr muiturhi hrtjchmts. _lk ojsthemk jevfivko je mf``uejmhtjfe `khet tlht hey rkpiy wfuio thgk
ykhrs tf rkhml jts jetkeoko rkmjpjket -- sf ykhrs ihtkr, hctkr h `khsurko rfiifut fc tlk
heefuemk`ket, pubijm rkspfesk, heo bujiojea spkmuihtjfe hrfueo wlht, jc heytljea, Mrhoik
wfuio shy je rkspfesk, tlk Ghrrhgjes rkmkjvko Mrhoik‚s rkpiy4
ZK] QK HRK. AFFO _F LKHR QK‚RK EF_ HIFEK. CRJKEO], QK ARKK_ ZF[ JE
^KHMK. K\^KM_ SJ]J_FR] ]F@K_J@K -- F[R OFFR] HRK F^KE.
Qjtl tljs brjkc kxmlheak fc `ksshaks, Ghrrhgjs ketkrko h ekw krh fc jetkrstkiihr pfijtjms. Jts
Heefru` ojssfivko, tlk cjrst tkst
tkst cfr jts ekw
ekw ckokrhtjfe
ckokrhtjfe whs tf cjaurk fut lfw tf
tf hpprfhml
hpprfhml tlk
skeokrs tlksk trhes`jssjfes. Ohth smrhpko crf` tlk tjaltbkh`s pfjetko bhmg tfwhros Khrtl,
jeojmhtjea tlht tlky wkrk jeokko sket crf` tlk wfrio -- h wfrio ihrakiy cfrafttke by Ghrrhgje
muiturk, but rhpjoiy arfwjea tf fmmupy h arkht pubijm jetkrkst fe hmmfuet fc jt bkjea tlk frjaje
pfjet fc tlksk `ksshaks.
@frk `ksshaks cifwko bhmg heo cfrtl, muiturhi kxmlheak fmmurrjea ht h rhtk fc femk kvkry
sjxtkke ykhrs. ]ffe, tlk `ksshaks bkahe tf rkture chstkr -- tlkjr frjaje pfjet whs h [ejfe
ekhrijaltkr, ke rfutk tf Ghrrhgjs.
_lk kcckmt cjrst mfethmt lho fe tlk Ghrrhgje psymlk whs `uitjchmktko. ]f`k, mljkc h`fea tlk`
tlk Lhajfarhpls -- ojklhro mhrkkrjsts fc tlk Ekw Ckokrhi hr`y -- urako tlk Bhrfes tf ihueml h
cikkt heo `kkt tlk jemf`jea sljp. Ftlkrs mhutjfeko tk`pkrhemk heo hovjsko tlk Bhrfes
hpprfhml eft wjtl `jijthry sljps, but mjvjijhe vksskis. Je tlk keo, tlky okmjoko tf rkvjkw fio
prftfmfis, heo arhet tlk hrrjvjea ekhrijaltkr he lfefr auhro -- h `jx fc `jijthry sljps heo mjvjijhe
yhmlts hrrheako je he ksmfrt mfrrjofr.
^rftfmfi qukrjks cikw bhmg heo cfrtl bktwkke tlk hpprfhmljea ekhrijaltkr heo Ghrrhgjs,
ksthbijsljea ojpif`htjm lheoslhgks, slhrjea lkhitl ohth heo vhmmjehtjfe jecfr`htjfe, iheauhak
aujoks, heo ftlkr mfetkxtuhijzhtjfe/jetrfoumtjfe jecfr`htjfe. _lk Ghrrhgjes ikhreko h `frk
okthjiko ljstfry
ljstfry fc [ejfe heo
heo tlk Cjrst Mf``jttkk
Mf``jttkk2? heo, cfr tlk
tlk cjrst tj`k, wkrk hbik
hbik tf pihmk
2;
tlk`skiv
tlk`
skivks
ks je
je h mflkrket
mflkrket tj`kijek
tj`kijek .
2?
Jt wfuio eft bk uetji tlk ]kmfeo Mf``jttkk‚s hsmkesjfe je 2<<>u tlht tljs ketjty wfuio bk pfstlu`fusiy
eh`ko tlk Cjrst Mf``jttkk.
2;
_ljs rkmfetkxtuhijzhtjfe (fr rktk`pfrhijzhtjfe) js h mfetketjfus mlfjmk je tlk `fokre Bhrfejks7 ikhojea
Ekf
Lhajfarhpljm
tlfualt hrauks
tlht
tljs `fvk
by mfetkxt
tlk EkwfcCkokrhtjfe
whs h tkrrjbik
bifw
tf Ghrrhgje
jeokpkeokemk.
By harkkjea
tf pihmk
Ghrrhgjs
je tlk
[ejfe‚s mflkrket
tj`k, tlk
Bhrfes
fc tlk
Ekw Ckokrhtjfe j`pijmjtiy sljctko tlk wkjalt fc ahihmtjm mfetrfi crf` Ghrrhgjs bhmg tf Mrhoik. Ghrrhgjs lho
dust hs `uml rjalt tf ok`heo [ejfe pihm
pihmk
k jtskic je Ghr
Ghrrhgje
rhgje ]theohro _j`k
_j`k -- hctkr hii
hii,, Ghrrhgjs kxjstko
kxjstko
prjfr tf tlk Chii, heo whs hbik tf survjvk heo tlrjvk, hrauhbiy bkttkr fcc tlhe tlfsk ikct fe Mrhoik. _lk Ekw
=>
Hmmfrojeaiy, ho`jejstrhtjvk
Hmmfrojeaiy,
ho`jejstrhtjvk heo muiturhi rkcfr`s
rkcfr`s wkrk heefuemko
heefuemko hmrfss tlk Ekw Ckokrhtjfe
Ckokrhtjfe,,
phrt fc tlk feafjea phmghak fc rkcfr`s hirkhoy ueokrwhy hs phrt fc tlk trhesjtjfe crf` heefru`
tf ckokrhtjfe.
_lk Ekw Ckokrhtjfe js rk`k`bkrko tfohy cfr tlkjr pkhmkcui wkimf`k fc tlksk [ejfe
rkprkskethtjvks, tlkjr jesjstkemk fe rkjetkarhtjfe ueokr tlk [ejfe-stheohro tj`kijek, heo tlkjr
jehbjijty tf kcckmtjvkiy hoorkss [ejfe‚s pfijtjmhi jeciukemk je tlk cfiifwjea mketurjks. Qljik
mf``uejmhtjfe bktwkke [ejfe heo tlk Ekw Ckokrhtjfe je tljs pkrjfo whs jejtjhiiy pkhmkcui, tljs
pkhmk wfuio prfvk uesusthjehbik. Fe Ghrrhgjs -- heo ftlkr wfrios fc tlk Ckokrhtjfe -rksjsthemk tf rkcfr`s whs bkajeejea tf mfhiksmk hrfueo tlk survjvjea `k`bkrs fc tlk Heefru`
_yrheeus -- _haktks heo ljs mljiorke, wlf wkrk mkrk`fejhi muiturhi ikhokrs, j`pfrthet cjaurks
wlfsk chvfr whs stjii sfualt kvke jc tlky lkio ef ikahi pfijtjmhi pfwkr -- je rkhmtjfehry ckrvfr,
spurrko by ojsjiiusjfeko lhajfarhpls heakrko by tlk Ckokrhtjfe‚s ’htthmgs‐ fe Ghrrhgje muiturk.
@khewljik fe Mrhoik, h arfwjea hetlrfmlhuvjejst `fvk`ket rkmfjiko ht tlk jokh tlht [ejfe‚s
`hetik mfuio rkhsfehbiy bk tlrkhtkeko by tljs ojsthet mfusje -- heo ftlkrs, fe tlk chr sjok fc
tlkjr sphmk -- heo wkrk bkajeejea tf hajthtk cfr h `frk ojrkmt cfr` fc ruik.
Cfr tlk sphmk fc h ckw mketurjks, tlkrk whs he uekhsy pkhmk bktwkke tlk twf stkiihr ehtjfes.
Mf``uejmhtjfe heo muiturhi kxmlheak whs sfikiy rkstrjmtko tf ohth phmgkt trhesckrs fe
hutf`htko ekhrijalt sljps, wjtl khriy-phttkre, jefrahejm `hmljek `jeos lheoijea tlk rjafrs fc
hey plysjmhi dfureky. _lk rkihtjfesljp bktwkke tlk Cjrst Mf``jttkk heo tlk Ekw Ckokrhtjfe
whs tfplkhvy4 ht tlk arhssrffts, rkhmtjfehry sketj`ket prkssurko bftl afvkre`kets, tlk
sketj`ket bujiojea jetf h pfwkrcui slkhrjea cfrmk tlht wfuio skk bftl mjvjijzhtjfes tlrfwe jetf
tlk cjrst jetkrstkiihr whr je lu`he ljstfry.
Ckokrhtjfe‚s hofptjfe fc [ejfe ]theohro whs he htthmg fe Ghrrhgje sfvkrkjaety, heo tlht jt js but fek fc
`hey kxpihehtjfes tlht dustjcjko tlkjr keojea fc tlht afvkre`ket.
=8
Mfemursus Okikeoh Kst
Httketjfe+++Httketjfe+++Httketjfe
Httketjfe+++Httketjfe+++
Httketjfe
++++++++++++++++++++++++++
@jssjvk+++Jssuko
@jssjvk+++J
ssuko by C_@] Zfeo-_yrhe tf444HII LHEO]
++++++++++++++++++++++++++
H_ >=>> G]_ IR/KO sthtjfe BRJMG->2 rkajstkrko
rkajstkrko h ]J\ ]
]JA@H
JA@H MFECJR@
MFECJR@ brkhml ht
Ifmhi _kr`jehtjfe ]lfmg+++K\_RH]FIHR FRJAJE+++BI[K]LJC_+++@[I_J^IK FBD
QJ_LJE RHOJHE
++++++++++++++++++++++++++
IR/KO BRJMG >2 mhe shy wjtl LJAL MFECJOKEMK tlht K\-FBD-8 js
OJRKM_KO+++MFLKRKE_+++LF]_JIK+++Kxpkmtko hrrjvhi je IFMHI GHRRHGJ]
]^HMK js je tlk rheak fc 8 tf = `fetls (G])
++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Hs fc >3>> J lhvk jssuko
jssuko he Frokr fc KEAHAK@KE_
KEAHAK@KE_ suppfrtko by tljs kvjokemk.
kvjokemk. Qjtl
hssket crf` S-C_@]‚s >8 tlru 8>, tljs Frokr fc KEAHAK@KE_ js _R[K heo
[EOKRQHZ.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++
HII ]LJ^] ]LHII AH_L
AH_LKR
KR H_ _
_LK
LK CFIIFQJE
CFIIFQJEA
A BRKHG
BRKHG-^FJE_].
-^FJE_]. HII ]LJ^]
]LHII FRJKE_ _FQHRO] F^/CFR RHOJHE HEO KEAHAK OK]JAEH_KO
_HRAK_].
++++++++++++++++++++++++++
IH[RKIJEK+++GLJTR‚] QHII+++FRH+++^RKSKTH+++IK^HE_F
++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Fur keokhvfur js tlk okckesk fc fur lf`k7 wk hrk mfrrkmt je tljs sthemk, heo slhii
mfeoumt furskivks hmmfrojeaiy. MOK.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++
MOK. Mfemursus Okikeoh Kst, fr, [ejfe @ust Bk Okstrfyko. Je tlk sphmk fc h ckw slfrt
mketurjks, pkhmkcui ojpif`htjm mffpkrhtjfe bktwkke [ejfe heo tlk Ekw Ckokrhtjfe fe Ghrrhgjs
lho oktkrjfrhtko tf tlk pfjet fc fpke whrchrk. Rkhmtjfehry kik`kets lho arjppko bftl
afvkre`kets, rksuitjea je tlk ]kmfeo Mf``jttkk rueejea [ejfe, heo h mfhijtjfe fc Ekw
Heefru` cjrkbrheos rkthjejea `hdfrjty mfetrfi
mfetrfi fc tlk Ekw Ckokrhtjfe.
Ckokrhtjfe. _lk
_lk ifea rkjae
rkjae fc tlk Cjrst
Mf``jttkk je [ejfe keoko cfiifwjea wlht tlk Hetlrfmlhuvjejst `fvk`ket fe Mrhoik shw hs
rkpkhtko hmts fc ’mf`pihmkemy‐ je `hehajea ftlkr stkiihr sthtks -- rkcusjea tf rkjae je tlk Hue
heo tlk Ekw Ckokrhtjfe mljkc h`fea tlk`. Fe Ghrrhgjs, tlk Ekw Heefru` `fvk`ket
ok`heoko tlk Ekw Ckokrhtjfe pusl lhrokr tf `fvk tlk pfihrjty fc ahihmtjm pfwkr crf` Mrhoik
tf Ghrrhgjs, curjfus tlht tlkjr rkprkskethtjvks lho bkke sf phssjvk heo hmmf``fohtjea tf
[ejfe‚s ok`heos.
=2
_lksk bfjijea whtkrs spjiiko fvkr wjtl h bf`b htthmg fe tlk [E] ^jiarj`
^jiarj`,, h ojpif`htjm yhmlt
sket wjtl h s`hii phrty
phrty fc [ejfe fccjmjhis tf tfur Ghrrhgjs.
Ghrrhgjs. Okstrfyko
Okstrfyko by `jijthet
`jijthet Lhajfarhplkrs
Lhajfarhplkrs23
wljik ofmgko hbfvk Hrruoyk, tlk ^jiarj` bkmh`k h rhiiyjea mry fe Mrhoik cfr tlfsk wlf whetko
[ejfe tf bk h `frk haarkssjvk mketrhi pfwkr. Cfr tlk ]kmfeo Mf``jttkk, tlk ^jiarj`
^jiarj`‚s
‚s
okstrumtjfe whs tlk cjrst mrjsjs tlkjr ekw afvkre`ket lho tlk pfwkr tf hoorkss, tf wljml tlky
rkspfeoko by heefuemjea h prfpfrtjfehi strjgk4 tlky wfuio rhjsk h cikkt, skeo jt jetf Ghrrhgje
sphmk, heo mrjppik tlkjr sljpyhros.
Fe Ghrrhgjs, tlk ^jiarj`
^jiarj`‚s
‚s okstrumtjfe whs h bifw tlht slfwko [ejfe mfuio bk lurt. ^rkvjfusiy,
[ejfe ekhrijaltkrs hppkhrko tf bk ihrakiy uetfumlhbik, bkjea bujit crf` phttkres chr `frk
hovhemko tlhe tlk feks ifmhi tf Ghrrhgjs. _lk Lhajfarhplkrs, lhvjea `hok [ejfe bikko, wkrk
ihuoko hs lkrfks wlf ojo wlht tlky ekkoko tf of tf prkskrvk Ghrrhgje aifry. Lhwgjsl kik`kets
fc tlk Ekw Ckokrhtjfe vftko ke `hss tf rhjsk ikvjks heo bfistkr tlkjr cikkt4 [ejfe lho
heefuemko tlk jemf`jea strjgk, heo tlk Ghrrhgje pkfpik ojo eft whet tf bhmg ofwe.
@fetls phss. [ejfe‚s cikkt bures cfr Ghrrhgjs. _lk Ekw Ckokrhtjfe skeos jts fwe pjmgkt ciftjiihs
fut je h brfho okckesjvk bubbik hrfueo tlk wfrio. Lhajfarhpls mfetjeuk tf hajthtk hmrfss
Ghrrhgjs, Hrruoyk, heo ekhrby Jsphlshihr, wljppjea tlk pfpuihtjfes jetf h ckrvfr.
[sjea thmtjms okvkifpko cjrst ourjea tlk Ihst Hrau`ket, tlk Ghrrhgjes keahako tlk hpprfhmljea
[ejfe cikkt ht hrfueo 8>_` rheak, trhojea `jssjiks heo `jooik-mfecjokemk prkojmtjvk gjektjms hs
tlk kemrfhmljea cikkt brfgk tlrfual tlk tkr`jehtjfe slfmg fc Ghrrhgjs‚ lf`k systk`. Bftl cikkts
lkio tlkjr `hje bhttkrjks je rkskrvk7 ueokr cuii pfwkr, tlk [ejfe cikkt whs stjii h `fetl rkhitj`k
hwhy crf` Ghrrhgjs.
_lk sljps arkw mifskr. Arkht `jssjiks, tkes fc `ktkrs ifea, wkrk jetkrmkptko by Ghrrhgje heo
[ejfe subijek sljps heo ciykrs, oktfehtjea ohys hwhy crf` tlkjr thrakts hs jetkrojmtjfe sfrtjks
mfrrhiiko jemf`jea tlk prfdkmtjiks. ]`hii keahak`kets cihrko hs tlksk jetkrojmtjfe sfrtjks `kt
fek heftlkr, subijek sljps keahajea wjtl feiy ohys‚ ojsthemk bktwkke tlk`, tlkjr kek`jks
rkprksketko hs whypfjets fe tlkjr L[Os. _lk arkht mhpjthi sljps cjrko `frk shivfs, tlk
ueprkojmthbjijty ahp mifsjea.
Je tlk okho ejalt fc sphmk, bihmg ajahtfe gjektjms lurtiko, sjiket heo mfio, tlrfual crjmtjfeikss
vfjo. _ljs chr fut, tlky wkrk khsy kefual cfr sljps tf sjalt heo hodust hrfueo, but mfuetkr tlht
khsk whs tlk ojccjmuity fc mlfjmk. [ejfe, tlk Ekw Cko cikkt`hstkrs rkhijzko, lhoe‚t thraktko tlkjr
cikkt wjtl gjektjms4 tlky lho thraktko Ghrrhgjs heo Hrruoyk.
_lk Ekw Cko cikkt`hstkrs lho h mlfjmk tf `hgk4 tlky mfuio frokr tlkjr sljps tf mfetjeuk tf
keahak tlk [ejfe cikkt, jaefrjea tlk gjektjms je tlk lfpks tlht tlk [ejfe aueekrs lho
`jsmhimuihtko frbjts, heo pftketjhiiy stfp tlk cikkt wkii futsjok fc vjsuhi rheak fc Ghrrhgjs -- fr
tlky mfuio ojvkrt, mlheak tlkjr mfursk heo httk`pt tf jetkrmkpt tlk gjektjms je frokr tf prkvket
23
By efw, tlk fio Heefru` `jijthry rheg fc Lhajfarhpl lho bkke ojssfivko -- zkhifus suppfrtkrs fc tlk
Ekw Heefru` `fvk`ket, `hey fc tlk` cfr`kr lhajfarhpls, hofptko tlk eh`k hs tlk sjaejcjkr fc tlkjr
`fvk`ket.
==
tlk` crf` j`phmtjea fe Ghrrhgjs fr Hrruoyk. Ht tlk rheak [ejfe whs keahako wjtl tlk Ekw Cko
cikkt heo Ghrrhgjs bkyfeo, tlk cikkt`hstkrs lho h `fokrhtk-tf-ljal mfecjokemk tlht ht ikhst fek
fc tlk prfdkmtjiks wfuio cjeo h thrakt -- he uehmmkpthbik futmf`k.
Je tlk keo, hs tlkjr wjeofw fc fppfrtuejty mifsko, tlk Ekw Cko cikkt`hstkrs okmjoko tf brkhg
mfursk
tlk prfdkmtjiks.
[ejfe‚s
sljps mifsko
tlkheo
ahpkekray
heo keahako
tlkFe
cikkt,
fpkejeaheo
up jetkrmkpt
fe tlk` wjtl
ljal-mfecjokemk
gjektjms,
`jssjiks,
wkhpfes.
phpkr, tlk
Ekw Cko cikkt -- ihrakr, `frk frahejzko, bkttkr kqujppko, wjtl bkttkr rkstko mrkws, cjaltjea fe
tlkjr lf`k turc -- slfuio lhvk wfe. Lfwkvkr, tlk [ejfe ho`jrhi‚s ojvkrsjfehry htthmg spijt tlk
Ekw Ckos jetf s`hii, bkikhaukrko arfups fc jsfihtko sljps, khml mlhsjea h ojcckrket ajahtfe
gjektjm. Qjtl sf`k mhpjthi sljps smuttiko hctkr ojvjea jetf tlk phtl fc tlk gjektjms, subijek sljps
strheoko bktwkke mhpjthi arfups, heo tlkjr mf``s dh``ko by [ejfe tkml, tlk Ekw Ckos mfuio
eft akt frahejzko je tj`k tf `fuet tlk okckesk tlky wkrk mhphbik fc -- [ejfe‚s cikkt whs hbik tf
htthmg tlk Ekw Ckos je s`hii arfups, fvkrwlki`jea tlk phrts bkcfrk tlky mfuio cfr` h arkhtkr
su`.
But tlk ifss -- tlrfual mhpturk fr okstrumtjfe -- fc tlk Ekw Cko cikkt whs eft mf`piktkiy je vhje.
@fst hii fc tlk ajahtfe gjektjms ihuemlko by tlk [ejfe cikkt wkrk jetkrmkptko, prkvketjea h
`hsshmrk fe h smhik hs-ykt-uegefwe. Fek gjektjm sijppko tlrfual heo ljt Ghrrhgjs, jiiustrhtjea
wlht mfuio lhvk lhppkeko lho tlk cuii cijalt eft bkke jetkrmkptko4 tlk prfdkmtjik sih``ko jetf
tlk wfrio h ckw `jiks fcc tlk mfhst fc Okiih`hr, h mjty wjtl h pfpuihtjfe fc rfualiy twkety `jiijfe
sfuis ht tlk tj`k. _lk kesujea khrtlquhgks heo tjohi whvks okvhsthtko tlk mjty, gjiijea lueorkos
fc tlfusheos fc pkfpik heo tlrfwjea up turbuiket stfr`s hs chiifut trjaakrko by tlk trhu`htjm
j`phmt.
Qkkgs ihtkr, [ejfe‚s sljps hrrjvko je-systk`, keahajea tlk rk`hjejea pjmgkts -- `fstiy subijek
mfrvkttks, `ftlbhiiko fio mhpjthi sljps, mfevkrtko yhmlts heo sluttiks -- heo kij`jehtjea tlk`.
Ghrrhgjs, surrfueoko, wjtl jts cikkts bkhtke bhmg heo h rhw wfueo fpke fe tlk surchmk fc tlkjr
wfrio, surrkeokrko.
[ejfe, wjtl tlk lkhrt fc Ghrrhgjs fpke bkcfrk tlk`, stfps slfrt fc h cuii-smhik jevhsjfe fc tlk
_lrfek. _lk wfrio bkifw lfwis wjtl hjr rhjo sjrkes heo tlk mih`fr fc pkfpik cikkjea tf tlkjr
`uejmjphi slkitkrs. _lk bkiijks fc [ejfe sljps smrhpk tlk sgy, cihrjea brjalt fcc Ghrrhgjs‚
ht`fsplkrk.
But tlk jevhsjfe ekvkr lhppkes. _lrfek -- jts hetj-frbjthi okckemks kjtlkr okstrfyko fr ory fc
h``uejtjfe -- ofks eft chii. Qjtl ijttik chechrk, tlk [ejfe cikkt puii bhmg. Ghrrhgje fbskrvhtfrjks
rkpfrt tfrml sjaehturks heaijea cfr Mrhoik. ]f`ktljea kisk lhs lhppkeko, sf`ktljea tlht ekkos
tlkjrr okspkrh
tlkj
okspkrhtk,
tk, j``ko
j``kojhtk
jhtk httk
httketjf
etjfe
e21.
21
_lk Okj`fs Kvket.
=?
Fe Ghrrhgjs, [ejfe‚s rktrkht ofkse‚t ckki ijgk vjmtfry4 Okiih`hr s`fiokrs crf` [ejfe‚s gjektjm
strjgk. _lk wfueoko ijttkr tlk strkkts. Oh`hak mfetrfi heo cjrk supprkssjfe tkh`s smrh`bik
hmrfss tlk mjty, puiijea tlk okho crf` tlk rubbik. ]jrkes qujkt heo kmlf hmrfss tlk cihttkeko mjty.
_lk pjmturks fc Okiih`hr rhzko by [ejfe prf`pts wjoksprkho heakr crf` tlk Lhajfarhpls, wlf
rkofubik tlkjr hajthtjfe kccfrts hs tlkjr rhegs swkii. _lk Lfusks, heakrko by tlk skk`jea
jekcckmtjvk rksjsthemk fc tlk Ekw Ckokrhi afvkre`ket, ahtlkr tfaktlkr heo vftk ef mfecjokemk.
Hs [ejfe‚s sljps okphrt,
okphrt, tlk Ekw Ckokrhi
Ckokrhi afvkre`ket
afvkre`ket stkps
stkps ofwe, heo
heo js rkpihmko
rkpihmko by h ekw
afvkre`ket, fpkrhtjea ihrakiy hifea tlk sh`k frahejzhtjfehi prjemjpiks hs tlk slfrt ijvko Ekw
Ckos. Mf`pfsko fc tlk lkhos fc khml lfusk heo hs h efo tf tlkjr lf`kwfrio -- h `fvk `khet
tf rkk`plhsjzk tlk uejty tlky uitj`htkiy slhrko -- tlk ekw afvkre`ket, tf mlkkrs heo chechrk,
okmihrko jtskic tlk Ckokrhtko Bhrfejm ]thtk fc Ghrrhgjs heo Lkr Mfifejks. Fr, ikss cfr`hiiy, tlk
Ghrrhgje Bhrfejks.
_lk Bhrfejks‚ cjrst hmt js tf frahejzk h rkbujiojea fc _lrfek Ghrrhgjs heo tlk ksthbijsl`ket fc
tlk Bhrfejm cikkt, bkhtjea tlk rkmrujt`ket oru` wjtl tlkjr fwe mlhets, spkkmlks, tkxts, heo ftlkr
`kojh urajea tlk pkhshetry, `jefr efbjijty, heo survjvjea vktkrhes tf keijst. Mfemursus Okikeoh
Kst, tlk cjrst frokr uttkrko je tlk tkr`jehtjfe slfmg bhttik, js tlk rhiiyjea mry -- [ejfe @ust Bk
Okstrfyko.
[egefwe tf tlk Ghrrhgje Bhrfes js tlk rkhsfe cfr [ejfe‚s suooke rktrkht4 tlk Okj`fs Kvket,
trjaakrko mjrmh =>>>u, jetkrruptko tlk ]kmfeo Mf``jttkk‚s pusl tf of`jehtk Ghrrhgjs. _lk
Mf``jttkk, uesurk fc wlht kek`y jt chmko je jts ifmhi systk`, jssuko h okspkrhtk mhii cfr hii
cikkts tf rkture je okckesk fc Mrhoik -- wjtlfut RH‚s uegefwjea jetkrvketjfe, tlk jevhsjfe fc
_lrfek wfuio lhvk fmmurko.
[ejfe, fc mfursk, survjvks tlk Okj`fs Kvket, tlfual tlk plkef`keh fc =>>>-=>>2u cfrkvkr
hitkr jts mlhrtko mfursk. _lk Cjrst Mfethmt Hmmfros hrk sjaeko -- hs `uml hs @fejst-8 (’RH‐) mhe
hssket tf lu`he ihw -- heo @fejst-8 (’RH‐) ojshppkhrs tlrfual tlk bijeg. _lk ]kmfeo
Mf``jttkk, rkkijea, skkgs h why tf hsskrt jtskic, heo cjeos fek wlkrk jt ikct jt4 Ghrrhgjs, rksjsthet.
_lk skmfeo [ejfe-Bhrfejm whr ekvkr lhppkes. [tjijzjea tlk cjrst EL^s tf pjift lkhvjiy
hutfef`fus sljps, [ejfe futphmks tlk Bhrfes‚ cikktmrhct mhphbjijty. _lk Bhrfes, tlkjr fwe
`hmljek `jeos stuetko heo `hicuemtjfejea je tlk whgk fc @fejst-8‚s phrhmhushi burst, prfvk tf
bk h phpkr tjakr4 tlkjr cjrst mhpjthi sljps hrk sj`piy sgkikthi buiglkhos ihslko tf frbjthi sljpyhros
by tlk tj`k [ejfe‚s cikkt hrrjvks je-systk`.
Ekaftjhtjfes hrk swjct, hs bftl sjoks rkhijzk tlk pfssjbjijty fc prfcjt -- [ejfe harkks tf hssjst je
kxpheojea Ghrrhgje jecrhstrumturk, je kxmlheak cfr tlk Bhrfes harkkjea tf mkhsk bujiojea tlkjr
cikkt. _lk ]kmfeo Mf``jttkk auhrhetkks tlk Bhrfes wjii rk`hje lkhos fc tlkjr lfusks heo
sthtk, sf ifea hs tlky harkk tf gkkp [ejfe je suppiy crf` tlkjr vhst `htkrjhi wkhitl. _lk Bhrfes
cjeo tljs harkk`ket prfcjthbik4 tlky heo tlkjr oksmkeohets wjii rk`hje je pfwkr, [ejfe wjii cfft
=;
tlk bjii fc rkbujiojea, heo je kxmlheak tlky fcckrko he kssketjhi `fefpfiy fe tlkjr rhw `htkrjhi
suppiy.
Qhr, cfr tlk Bhrfes, `hok tlk` hppkhr pfwkrcui, but whs mfstiy, heo ikss prfcjthbik tlhe pkhmk
heo trhok. _f wje wjtlfut okhtl by mhpturjea `hrgkts whs tlk uitj`htk mfup. Kspkmjhiiy
mfesjokrjea tlht tlk tkr`s fc tljs pkhmk wfuio kerjml heo prftkmt Ghrrhgjs -- tf tlk`, tlk
uitj`htk prjzk. Khrtl -- ’Mrhoik‐, hs tlksk [ejfejtks mhiiko jt -- whs ekvkr tlk afhi.
]f tlk Bhrfes sjaeko tlk harkk`ket, h wljtk pkhmk tlht ikct bftl sjoks hijvk heo kerjmlko. _lk
Bhrfes wfuio eft ruik tlk ahihxy, but tlht whs ekvkr wlht tlky whetko. _lky wfuio ikhvk tlht
trfubik tf [ejfe, sjemk tlky skk`ko tf whet jt sf `uml -- tlk Bhrfes shw tlht tlkjr wfrios wkrk
tlkjr fwe prjzk -- [ejfe, hctkr hii, mh`k tf skmurk tlk` -- wlht `frk kvjokemk mfio tlky whet
tlhe tlk skic-styiko `hstkrs fc tlk ahihxy httk`ptjea tf mihj` tlkjr lf`kwfrio by cfrmk6 Ef,
tlky okmjoko, ikt [ejfe wkhr tlht mrfwe heo wrkstik wjtl jts j`pijmhtjfes, trhakojks, heo mrj`ks.
_lk Bhrfes wfuio fwe tlk feiy iheo tlht `httkrko4 Ghrrhgjs, heo hii lkr mfifejks.
H Mrfwe fc Ehtjfes
_lk `fokre Bhrfejks lhvk kxjstko sjemk tlk wljtk pkhmk tlht mfemiuoko tlk skmfeo
[ejfe-Bhrfejm Qhrs je tlk khriy =>>>‚s u. _lkjr ’fccjmjhi‐ cfueohtjfe ohtk js pkaako tf =2>>u,
tlk mfrfehtjfe fc tlk cjrst ^rj`k Bhrfe hctkr h brjkc pkrjfo fc ruik by h skrjks fc ]tkwhros
hppfjetko by tlk Bhrfejm Mfuemji.
]jemk tlke, tlk Bhrfejks lhvk kxpheoko jetf tlkjr prftkmtko Mfemkre sphmk -- tkrrjtfry arhetko
tf tlk` by rjalt ueokr tlk ]kmfeo Mf``jttkk -- heo wfrgko tf okvkifp tlkjr lkio iheos jetf
tkmlefifajmhi heo jeoustrjhi pfwkrlfusks, khml `hdfr Lfusk cfiifwjea h mlhrtko phtl tf
of`jehtk h sjeaik jeoustry. Femk mfecjeko tf tlkjr wfrios heo tlk ch`jijks tlht mf`pfsko tlk`,
tlk Lfusks -- Frokr, Rk`k`brhemk, Aihss, ]heo, ]`fgk, ]tfek, Qhtkr, @f`kets, heo Oust -lhvk sprkho hmrfss `uitjpik wfrios tf hovhemk tlkjr arhetko jeoustry.
Khml Lfusk js bkst ueokrstffo efw eft hs h sjeaik ch`jiy, but hs h ehtjfe ueokr h slhrko
mrfwe. _lk Lfusks hrk mf`pfsko fc bjiijfes fc sfuis hrrheako je jetrjmhtk strumturks fc efbjijty
heo brfho bhsks fc pkhshetry. ]f`k hrk `frk ijbkrhi tlhe ftlkrs -- @f`ket, Qhtkr, heo Frokr
-- wljik `frk mfeskrvhtjvk Lfusks hrk arjppko by Ekw Lhajfarhpljm mfeskrvhtjvk ofa`h -tlksk bkjea tlk Lfusks fc Rk`k`brhemk, Aihss, ]heo, ]`fgk, ]tfek, heo Oust.
_lk Lfusks skeo rkprkskethtjvks tf Ghrrhgjs tf phrtjmjphtk je tlk arheo ho`jejstrhtjfe fc tlk
Bhrfejks -- tlk wfrio‚s pfpuihtjfe js tlk `fst ojvkrsk je tlk Bhrfejm Mfemkre, h pihmk fc ihrakiy
prfarkssjvk, s`hii-m mfs`fpfijthe tlfualt, hrt, heo muiturk hii rfjijea ueokr tlk wkjalt fc ljstfry
heo `fehrmlhi mfeskrvhtjfe. _lk ^rj`k Bhrfe `hgks tlkjr lf`k fe Ghrrhgjs, je _lrfek
Ghrrhgh, efw h sprhwijea, phihtjhi mjty-mf`pikx rk`fvko crf` tlk muiturhi mketkrs fc Fio
=3
Okiih`hr heo ^hshrrkjs -- mf``fe okstjehtjfes cfr Mfs`fpfijthe tfurjsts, `krmlhets, heo
jetkr-mfemkre
jetkr-mfemk
re trhvkiikrs.
_f bk h subdkmt fc tlk Bhrfes, wljmlkvkr lfusk yfu `hy bk bfre (fr `hok chmsj`jik) jetf, js tf
bk h phrt fc tlk
tlk arkht uebrfgke
uebrfgke mlhje fc lu`he ijck sjemk tlk prk-Hetlrfpf
prk-Hetlrfpfmkek
mkek2<. Je smlffi, jc
yfu hrk fc tlk pkhshet mihssks, fr by tutfr fr hmhok`y jc yfu hrk fc tlk efbjijty, yfu ikhre tlht
Ghrrhgjs -- eft Mrhoik -- js tlk muiturhi heo ljstfrjmhi mketkr fc tlk ahihxy. Qljik lu`hejty `hy
lhvk mf`k crf` Mrhoik -- Khrtl, hs Bhrfejm subdkmts stjii mhii jt -- jt whs shvko by Ghrrhgjs,
eurturko by tlk wfrio, heo sket bhmg fut jetf sphmk femk `frk. Mrhoik‚s tj`k lhs phssko, ef
`httkr wlht tlky `jalt shy hbfut tlk`skivks fr tlk iheo tlky eh`k tlk`skivks lkak`fe fvkr4
jt js Ghrhgjs tlht wjii ikho lu`hejty jetf tlk cuturk. ^htjkemk, je tlk Bhrfejks, js fek fc tlk ljal
vjrtuks.
_lk Bhrfejks, bkjea h ckokrhtjfe fc Lfusks, js eft h `fefijtljm muiturk, okspjtk lfw tlky `hy
skk` tf futsjok fbskrvkrs -- tljs pkrmkptjfe js kxhmkrbhtko by tlkjr akekrhi jesuihr ehturk, ihmg
fc mfemkre
mfemkre wjtl ahihmtjm
ahihmtjm pfijtjms2:, heo okckrkemk
okckrkemk tf
tf fio systk`s
systk`s fc `fehrmly.
`fehrmly. _lkrk
_lkrk hrk
prfarkssjvk `fvk`kets je tlk Bhrfejks tlht hajthtk cfr he hbfijtjfe fc tlk systk` fc `fehrmly
heo h `fvk`ket tfwhros h, jaefbik phrijh`kethry systk` -- brfhoiy, tlk Oyehstjmihojhes7 ftlkr
`fvk`kets urak cfr h rkstfrhtjfe fc tlk Heefru` systk` -- tlk Lhajfarhpls7 vhrjfus ftlkr
`fvk`kets arjp khml Lfusk, sf`k ok`heojea `frk rjalts cfr jaefbik Bhrfejm subdkmts, ftlkrs
hovfmhtjea cfr he hbfijtjfe fc tlk chmsj`jik systk`, heo sf fe. Bhrfejm Mfuemji skssjfes hrk
httkeoko
by lueorkos
fc ifbbyjsts,
wlf
phmg
tlk ahiikrjks
hbfvk
tlk Mfuemji
je _lrfek
Ghrrhgh, mih`frjea
tf jetrfoumk
tlkjr
bjiis,
`jssjvks,
wrjts, heo
ok`heos
tf bkciffr
okbhtko
heo,
lfpkcuiiy, keslrjeko jetf Bhrfejm Ihw.
Je tlk Bhrfejks, sfmjhi mihss js cjr`iy keslrjeko je h `hssjvk systk` fc efbjijty heo jaefbjijty. Hii
wlf hrk eft Bhrfes hrk mfesjokrko tf bk subdkmts fc tlk ^rj`k Bhrfe. Brfhoiy spkhgjea,
pkrsfes fc efbik mihss lhvk sf`k mihj` fvkr iheo fr rksfurmk, wjtl h rkmfroko ljstfry fc
hemkstry je tlk Bhrfejks skphrhtk crf` tlk vhrjfus afvkre`kets heo `fehrmljks tlht lhvk
ruiko tlk jetkrpihekthry ehtjfe -- efbjijty, crf` jts khrijkst jemkptjfe bkcfrk tlk Heefru`
^hsshmhaijh, lhs hiwhys bkke skphrhtko crf` tlk afvkre`ket tlht skkgs tf ruik. Afvkre`ket,
uetji tlk Ekw Ckokrhtjfe, whs hiwhys vjkwko hs tlk prfvkehemk fc tlfsk wjtl tlk pfwkr heo
wjii tf ruik -- tlfsk wjiijea tf af tlrfual tlk trfubik fc jt, wlf mfuio ruik, wkrk usuhiiy hmmkptko
hs tlk mfrrkmt ruikr. Je tlk prk-Heefru` systk` heo tlk Heefru` systk`, ruik whs fctke
phtrjhrmlhi heo mruki, uechjr by `fokre stheohros -- hctkr tlk Oyehstjmihok heo tlk brjkc Ekw
Ckokrhtjfe, ruik lhs bkke arhetko by Bhrfejm mfesket heo bikssjea fc tlk survjvjea Rfyhi Ijek.
Okpkeojea fe tlk pfijtjms fc tlk subdkmt wlf` yfu jequjrk, tljs mfuio bk h ikss mruki `ktlfo, fr
fek tlht js kxpifjthtjvk heo mruki je h ojcckrket why.
2<
H sj`jihr muiturhi `ytlfifay hs tlk Hue -- bftl tlk Kmu`kek heo Hsmkeohemy -- tlfual wjtl ojcckrkemks
je jetkrprkthtjfe. _lk Hue heo tlk Bhrfejks lhvk ef ojpif`htjm mf``uejmhtjfe, hs tlky hrk fe fppfsjtk
sjoks fc Mrhoik. ]hvk cfr brjkcjeas crf` Mrfwe Jetkiijakemk fc tlk Bfueohry Ahroke crfet, tlk ^rj`k Bhrfe
lhs ijttik jetkrkst -- murrketiy -- hs tf tlk ehturk fc tlk Hue. tlky ofe‚t gefw hbfut tlk hpfiif, ifvk 7)
2:
Lfusk Mf`phejks kxmkptko
=1
Je hey mhsk, Bhrfejm Efbjijty js h muiturhi strumturk skt hsjok crf` tlk afvkre`ket, but fek tlht
js jekxtrjmhbiy bfueo tf tlk Mfuemji systk`4 je frokr tf phrtjmjphtk je ljal ikvkis fc afvkre`ket -’ljal ikvkis‐ bkjea heytljea ihrakr tlhe h bifmg mffrojehtfr, ekjalbfrlffo ikhokr, fr chmtfry
cfrk`he -- fek `ust bk fc efbik mihss. _ljs mihss oksjaehtjfe mhe feiy kvkr bk arhetko by fek
fc rheg hbfvk tlk pktjtjfekr, js lkrkojthry, heo rhrkiy ajvke. Jaefbik subdkmts mhe rjsk ljal je
sf`k rhegs fc sfmjhi stheojea -- tlrfual wkhitl, mkikbrjty, mjvjm skrvjmk, tlk smjkemks, htliktjms,
heo sf fe -- but tlkjr fccjmjhi mihss `jalt prkduojmk `frk mfeskrvhtjvk subdkmts hahjest tlk`. Je
slfrt4 ueikss yfu hrk fc efbik biffo, fr arhetko tjtik, tlkrk hrk ij`jts tf lfw chr yfu mhe rjsk je
tlk Bhrfejks.
_ljs systk` -- h `jx fc mfeskrvhtjvk `fehrmly heo muiturhi tlfualt, pius h `hey-tlfusheo-ykhr
muiturhi ljstfry -- js wjokiy rkahroko hs fpprkssjvk tf `hey subdkmts bftl efbik heo jaefbik.
_ypjmhiiy yfuea, typjmhiiy wkhitly, typjmhiiy bfrko wjtl mfurt ijck, tlk efbik `himfetket fctke
skkgs h ijck futsjok tlk Bhrfejm Mfemkre. Jt js h mf``fe kefual tljea tlht tlk efbjijty lhs
strumturks je pihmk tf hmmfuet cfr ’]kmfeo Mlfjmk ]yeorf`k.‐ Hs suml, h wlfik jeoustry lhs
spruea up hmrfss tlk Bhrfejks4 strumturko hovketurks je wjio tkrrjtfrjks, mfetrhmts wjtl
tkrrhcfr`jea fr mfifejhi vketurks, wfrg kxmlheak prfarh`s wjtl Mrhoik, tlk Hr`fry, heo ftlkr
ehtjfes, keijst`ket wjtl h Lfusk Mf`phey, heo sf fe, hrk hii fcckrko tf tlksk rkstikss efbik
yfutls.
Rkstikss jaefbik yfutls, fe tlk ftlkr lheo, hrk rhrkiy fcckrko suml h mhtkrko kxpkrjkemk.
Ojsshtjschmtjfe h`fea tlk jaefbik rhegs js akekrhiiy rkahroko wjtl suspjmjfe, wjtl rkpubijmhe fr
mf``uehi tlfualt, wjtl [earhtkcui tkeokemjks, heo sf fe. _f tlfsk wjtl rksfurmk, muiturhi
crjmtjfe js h wfeokrcui kxpkrjkemk tf ikhre heo kerjml fekskic wjtl7 tf tlfsk wjtlfut, jt js vjkwko
hs hetjsfmjhi by tlk efbik mihssks, fek tlht `ust bk ojsmjpijeko fut. Jaefbik yfutls lhvk ckw
hvkeuks fut fc tlkjr sthtjfe4 h lu`bik `krmlhet ijck, h dfb je h chmtfry fr chr`, fr he keijst`ket
je fek fc tlk Lfusk Mf`phejks.
Hs wjtl ftlkr
ftlkr stkiihr ehtjfes, tlk
tlk mf`cfrthbik
mf`cfrthbik of eft qukstjfe
qukstjfe tlk sthtus quf7
quf7 tlky skkg tf
kesmfemk tlk`skivks je jt. _f suppfrt jt heo, je ture, bk suppfrtko by jt. _lk jaefbik mihssks, by
heo ihrak, hrk hccfroko dust kefual pfwkr tf ckki rkprksketko.
@fst Bhrfejm subdkmts kemfuetkrko futsjok tlk Bhrfejks hrk tlfsk fc sthtjfe, cueoko by tlkjr
ch`jijks, kjtlkr keahako je trhok, fr ojpif`htjm, smjketjcjm, fr `krmkehry wfrg. _lfsk fc jaefbik
mihssks tkeo tf bk fpkrhtjea je suppfrt fc tlkjr efbik mlhrak, fr ftlkrwjsk keahako je wfrg.
Rhrk js tlk jaefbik subdkmt wlf `hehako tf cikk tlk Bhrfejks heo efw ijvks hs h crkk pkrsfe fr
mjtjzke fc h ojcckrket sthtk7 jt js, je chmt, `frk mf``fe tf kemfuetkr tlfsk fc efbik mihss tlht
lhvk rkdkmtko tlk Bhrfejks, hs tlky lhvk tlk pfwkr heo rksfurmks tf bk hbik tf ikhvk je tlk cjrst
pihmk.
=<
Bfre _f Aifry
Bhmgarfueos, Efbik
@hdfr Lfusk
Kxh`pik ]gjiis4 ^uii Rheg, Ikho/Jespjrk, Rkho H ]jtuhtjfe, Akt H Lfio fc ]f`ktljea
Zfu hrk tlk mljio fc h @hdfr Lfusk. Zfur ijck wjii bk ruiko cfr yfu, heo yfurs js tlk mlhrak fc
k`pjrk. Zfur brftlkrs heo sjstkrs ijgkiy sphe h rheak crf` hemjket tf ekfplytk, heo h`fea
tlk` lhuet pifttkrs je kquhi eu`bkr tf tlfsk wlf prktkeo tf bk yfur hiijks. Zfu `hy bk h
chvfrjtk fc yfur phrkets, h bihmg slkkp, fr wfrsk -- uegefwe tf tlk`, eft kvke ueifvko.
Qlhtkvkr yfur `jssjfe futsjok tlk Mfemkre, tlkrk bures je yfur lkhrt h tkrrjbik gefwikoak4
yfur dfureky keos fe Ghrrhgjs, ueokr tlk mrfwe, jc yfu mhe mihj` jt.
Zfu ahje tlk cfiifwjea Bhrfejm Akhr4 Efbik _jtik, Efbik Lfiojea, Rjvhi, Efbik ^rjvjikak, Qkjalt
fc Haks, Lfusk Mlhssjs, Ifyhi Ijkutkehet
@jefr Lfusk
Kxh`pik ]gjiis4 ^uii Rheg, Rkho H ]jtuhtjfe, Akt H Lfio fc ]f`ktljea, ]urvjvk
Zfu hrk tlk mljio fc h @jefr Lfusk. Zfur ijck js fek fc ehvjahtjfe, fc mhrkcui hppijmhtjfe fc
gefwikoak heo prhjsk, cihttkry heo mrukity. Zfu `ust gefw wlf js wlf je kvkry sjtuhtjfe yfu
kemfuetkr4 ijck, hctkr hii, js h ihookr tf bk mij`bko, heo ef `httkr lfw skmurk yfu ckki, tlkrk js
hiwhys sf`kfek hbfvk tryjea tf puii tlk ihookr hwhy, heo sf`kfek bkifw tryjea tf tkhr yfu
ofwe. Zfur dfb, ef `httkr wlkrk yfu af, js tf bkttkr yfur ch`jiy -- sf`ktj`ks kvke ht tlk
kxpkesk fc yfur fwe sjbijeas heo mfusjes -- bkcfrk sf`kfek kisk bkttkrs tlkjrs. Hctkr hii, aifry
feiy mf`ks tf tlfsk wlf cjalt cfr jt.
Zfu ahje tlk cfiifwjea Bhrfejm Akhr4 Efbik _jtik, Efbik Lfiojea, Rjvhi, Efbik ^rjvjikak, Lfusk
Mlhssjs, Ifyhi Ijkutkehet
Fio Ghrrhgje
Kxh`pik ]gjiis4 ]urvjvk, Mlhr`, Rkho H ]jtuhtjfe, Ikho/Jespjrk
Zfu hrk Fio Ghrrhgje, h mljio fc tlk fio biffo, crf` rkcjeko haks fc hetjqujty. @hybk yfur ijek
trhmks jtskic bhmg tf _yrheeus fr ^hsshmhaijh‚s Heefru`, `hybk kvke khrijkr -- but tlht ofkse‚t
`httkr `uml efw. Zfur ijek, yfur lfiojeas, hii fc tlk aifry yfur hemkstfrs wfe, lhs bkke arfueo
ofwe by tlk phsshak fc tj`k heo tlk mruki wlj` fc chtk. Zfur ch`jiy lhuets fio prkskrvks fe
Ghrrhgjs, hii but mhrkthgkrs fc tlk lkhrtiheo fc tljs vhst femk-k`pjrk. _lk ekw Bhrfes, upsthrts,
ruik je yfur ch`jiy‚s stkho. Zfu‚rk mf`cfrthbik kefual -- he hiifwhemk, h tjtik, ohys wlkrk yfu
heo yfur ch`jiy ofe tlk rkahijh fc fio sthtjfes heo whvk tf tlk pkfpik -- but tlk pfwkr js ef
ifeakr yfurs. _lfual tlk slh`k bures, yfu whjt, phtjket. _lk Qlkki fc Ojs tures fvkr hii tljeas.
Zfu ahje tlk cfiifwjea Bhrfejm Akhr4 Hemkstrhi Mihj`, Qkjalt fc Haks, Efbik _jtik, Lfusk
Mlhssjs, Ifyhi Ijkutkehet
=:
Chiike Lfusk
Kxh`pik ]gjiis4 ]urvjvk, Rkho H ]jtuhtjfe, ]thy Mffi, Qfro fe _lk ]trkkt
Zfu hrk tlk smjfe fc h chiike lfusk, pkrlhps tlk ihst fc h ijek, fr fek fc h ihrak efbik ch`jiy ihjo
ifw by pfijtjmhi kek`jks, tlk wlj`s fc tlk `hrgkt, fr tlk vhahrjks fc chtk. ^krlhps yfur sjtuhtjfe
js okspkrhtk, fr pkrlhps yfur lu`bik sthtjfe js sthbik. Kjtlkr why, yfu lhvk mihj` tf h tjtik heo
iheo, but sf`ktljea -- okbt, fr h prktkeokr, he kek`y -- prkvkets yfu crf` hmtjea upfe jt. Of
yfu wjsl tf skk tlk aifry fc yfur eh`k rkstfrko6 Fr hrk yfu ofek wjtl tlk mfurt6
Zfu ahje tlk cfiifwjea Bhrfejm Akhr4 Hemkstrhi Mihj`, Rjvhi, Qkjalt fc Haks, Hemkstrhi Qkhpfe
(ifst)
Bhmgarfueos, Jaefbik
Bhrfejm @krmlhet
Kxh`pik ]gjiis4 Mlhr`, Rkho H ]jtuhtjfe, Qfro Fe _lk ]trkkt, Akt H Lfio fc ]f`ktljea
Zfu lhji crf` he jaefbik `krmlhet ch`jiy je tlk Bhrfejks. Js jt fek fc tlk wkhitljkr feks, fr hrk
yfu ofwe fe yfur iumg6 Fr sf`kwlkrk je-bktwkke6 Of yfu lhvk h rjvhi efbik fr jaefbik
ch`jiy6 Of yfu of busjekss futsjok tlk Mfemkre, fr of yfu feiy trhok wjtl Bhrfejm subdkmts6
Qlht affos of yfu trhok, wlht js tlk quhijty fc yfur prfoumt, heo lfw js busjekss6
Zfu ahje tlk cfiifwjea Bhrfejm Akhr4 Rjvhi, Ifyhi Ijkutkehet
_lk @hssks
Kxh`pik ]gjiis4 Mlffsk hey ?, sf ifea hs tlky cjt yfur mlhrhmtkr (je mfesuit wjtl tlk A@)
Zfu hrk fc tlk jaefbik `hssks, fek subdkmt fc bjiijfes tlht ijvk by tlk pikhsurk fc tlk ^rj`k
Bhrfe heo tlkjr Mfuemji. Zfurs js eft h wkhitly ijck, fr h efthbik fek -- ykt -- but bkmhusk fc tlht
yfu lhvk tlk crkkof` fc hefey`jty. @hybk yfu wfrg je fek fc tlk chmtfrjks, fr yfu mikhe ciffrs
je h Lfusk ^hihmk, fr yfu wfrg h ihyfvkr sljct je h lkiju` `jek, fr ijvk h`fea tlk yhmltyhros,
rkphjrjea efbik sljps. Zfur ijck `hy eft bk mf`cfrthbik, but tlkrk js sf`k dfy je jt, heo yfu lhvk
fek fc tlk arkhtkst ajcts fc hii je tlk Bhrfejks4 yfu gefw kxhmtiy wlf yfur kek`jks hrk. Lfw ojo
yfu bkmf`k h pjift6
Zfu of eft lhvk hmmkss tf Bhrfejm Akhr, efr hey burokes jt `hy mhrry. Zfu `hy dfje tlk
[earhtkcuis fr tlk Ekw Lhajfarhpls, akekrhiiy wjtlfut qukstjfe -- heo wjtlfut prjvjikak.
Chmsj`jik
Kxh`pik ]gjiis4 Hppiy Cjsts tf Chmks, Cjx, ]thy Mffi,
Zfu hrk fek fc tlk Chmsj`jik. Je rfual iheauhak, h mifek, usuhiiy fc sf`k vfiuetkkr crf` tlk
sfiojkriy mihssks fr ifw efbjijty. Zfu lhvk ijttik yfu mhe mihj` hs yfur fwe, heo yfur ijck
akekrhiiy mfecfr`s tf fek fc twf kxtrk`ks4 kjtlkr yfu hrk h chmsj`jik fc h ljal-rhegjea efbik,
bfre jetf skrvjmk hs h pftketjhi lkjr, fr yfu hrk phrt fc h `hss-mrkhtko bhtml, trhoko hs phrt fc h
?>
ihbfr cfrmk by pfwkrcui ch`jijks wlf mhrk eft wlht lhppkes tf yfu sf ifea hs tlkjr prfoumt
frokrs hrk cjiiko. Ojo yfu wfrg tlk chmtfrjks, cjkios, fr `jeks hifeasjok ftlkrs wlf slhrko yfur
chmk (fr vhrjhtjfes fc jt)6 Ojo yfu ifueak h`fea tlk cjek ahrokes heo ijbrhrjks, mlhsjea yfur
`jrrfrs heo hvfjojea tutfrs6
Zfu of eft lhvk hmmkss tf hey Bhrfejm Akhr, tlfual jc yfu hrk h chmsj`jik fc h efbik, yfu `hy
httk`pt tf hmt hs tlht efbik7 jc yfu hrk cfueo fut, tlkrk wjii ijgkiy bk orh`htjm mhpjthi
mfeskqukemks. Jc yfu hrk h chmsj`jik fc h efbik tlht lhs h rjvhi, yfu tff ahje tlht rjvhi, wlktlkr
yfu whet tf fr eft.
Ftlkrwjsk, yfu `hy dfje tlk [earhtkcuis wjtlfut qukstjfe -- `fst [earhtkcuis, hctkr hii, wkrk
chmsj`jiks fe Iuorh‚s Qfrio.
Akhr, Bhrfejm
Lfusk Mlhssjs
Zfur mlhssjs js fek `hjethjeko heo phssko ofwe tlrfual tlk mketurjks by tlk pjifts fc yfur
lfusk. Rkbujit by lheo mfuetikss tj`ks, jt mhrrjks tlk wkjalt fc hemkstfrs -- lkrfks heo mfwhros
bftl je jts supkrstrumturk. Mhe yfu lkhr yfur hemkstfrs bkljeo tlk joik ekutrhi bhss lu` fc jts
pfwkr pihet6
pihet6 _lht smhr tlkrk,
tlkrk, h rk`jeokr
rk`jeokr crf` wlke
wlke sf`k kiokr-fc-kiok
kiokr-fc-kiokrs
rs mhualt prfvjokemk‚s
prfvjokemk‚s jii
wjii. _lht lhic-ihurki jesmrjbko bkljeo tlk pjift mfuml, h bikssjea crf` sf`k ifea-okho
cikkt`hstkr.
Lfw `hey wfrios lhs tljs mlhssjs whigko6 Lfw `hey lhs jt gjiiko6 Heo yfu -- wjii yfur eh`k
bk smrhtmlko jetf tlk bfeks fc tljs `hmljek, fr cfrafttke6
@hy feiy bk skikmtko by Bhrfejm pjifts fc efbik bjrtl. Zfur mlhssjs js h stfrjko `kml,
rkmfaejzhbik by ftlkrs ch`jijhr wjtl yfur ch`jiy. Jc yfu lhvk h Rjvhi heo yfu `kkt je bhttik, tlky
wjii slfw ef `krmy7 hs h bfeus, yfu hrk gefwe hs tlk pjift fc tljs mlhssjs, heo `hy ahje he
hovhethak tf hey ikhokrsljp rfiis yfu `hgk ourjea mf`bht.
Efbik _jtik
Bhrfe, [eokrbhrfe, Sjmkrfy, ^hslh, Ifro, heo fe heo fe. By vjrtuk fc bjrtl, yfu mhrry h efbik
tjtik, heo stheo tf jelkrjt he kvke arkhtkr fek.
Of eft ikt tljs tjtik bk yfur ihst.
Zfu lhvk h efbik tjtik, heo hrk hccfroko okckrkemk bhsko fe tlht tjtik. _lfsk bkekhtl yfu je
sfmjhi rheg okckr tf yfu7 yfu `ust okckr tf tlfsk hbfvk yfur sthtjfe. Cfr tlfsk fe phr wjtl yfu,
skejfrjty, wkhitl, sfmjhi chvfr, heo sf fe, oktkr`jeks wlf ajvks why tf wlf`. Rjvhis kxmkptko,
fc mfursk.
?8
Efbik ^rjvjikak
Js jt h prjvjikak tf ruik6 H pikhsurk6 ]f`ktj`ks, yks. Lkrk, tlfual, js tlk truk prjvjikak4 tf ekvkr
tljeg yfu `ust hsg. _ljs `hgks sf`k mruki -- tlk rkst wrkstik wjtl tljs mrukity, heo suppfsk tlht
`hgks tlk` affo.
Bkttkr tf ruik tlhe tf bk ruiko.
Zfu hrk fc sjaejcjmhet efbik rheg, fr yfur ch`jiy js fc arkht j`pfrthemk. Zfu lhvk h tjtik heo
lfiojeas, fr hrk cjrst mihj`het tf tlfsk lfiojeas. Kjtlkr why, hii fc kquhi fr iksskr rheg slfw
okckrkemk tf yfur mf``heo, pikhsurk, heo wlj` -- rjvhis kxmkptko fc mfursk. Bk hwhrk,
lfwkvkr4 yfurs js h ljal pkrml tf tu`bik crf`, heo `ust bk auhroko.
Efbik Lfiojea
Qlht iheos `hy J mihj`6 Qlht sthrs6 _lfsk tlht J s`jik upfe. _lfsk tlht J whet
whet..
Zfur ch`jiy murrketiy lhs prfspkrfus efbik lfiojeas -- he ksthtk heo iheo fe h Bhrfejm wfrio, fr
h mihj` je h Bhrfejm Jetkrkst, fr bftl. ^krlhps yfur ch`jiy fwes `jeks -- tkrrkstrjhi fr frbjthi -fr vhst sljpyhros, chmtfrjks, fr brfho harjmuiturhi swhtlks. Zfu `hy stheo tf jelkrjt tlksk
lfiojeas fr ifsk tlk` slfuio yfur rjvhi skkg tf rfb yfu fc tlk`. ^rftkmt tlk`, heo of eft jaefrk
tlk`.
Rjvhi
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