21st Century Literature
from the Philippines
and the World
Quarter 2 – Module 9:
Flash Fiction: The Plot
21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2– Module 9: Flash Fiction: The Plot
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in
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exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand
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these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors
do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Writers: Delia B. Tañag, Elisa Pardines
Editors: Lawrence B. Icasiano, Paula J. Mar
Reviewers: Abigail I. Mirabel-Agapay, Roderick O. Delmo, Julieta R. De Jesus
Illustrator: Patrick L. Pernia, Norvin B. Taniza
Layout Artist: Marites K. Chavez, Elleden Grace L. Denosta
Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral, Regional Director
Job S. Zape Jr., CLMD Chief
Elaine T. Balaogan, Regional ADM Coordinator
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Editha B. Gregorio, CID Chief
Laarni R. Granado, EPS In-charge of LRMS
Michael M. Acuna, EPS
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21st Century Literature
from the Philippines
and the World
Quarter 2 – Module 9:
Flash Fiction: The Plot
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:
Welcome to the 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on the Plot of a Flash Fiction!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators
both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the Learner:
Welcome to the 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on the Plot of a Flash Fiction!
The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used
to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
4
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
What I Need to Know
This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
What I Know
This part includes an activity that aims to
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
What’s In
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one.
What’s New
In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a question opener, an
activity or a situation.
What is It
This section provides a brief discussion of
the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.
What’s More
This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
What I Have Learned
This
includes
questions
or
blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
What I Can Do
This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.
Assessment
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
Additional Activities
In this portion, another activity will be given
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.
Answer Key
This contains answers to all activities in the
module.
5
At the end of this module you will also find:
References
This is a list of all sources used in developing
this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
6
What I Need to Know
Most Essential Learning Competency
Do self- and/or peer assessment of the creative adaption of a literary text, based
on a rationalized criteria, prior to presentation.
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the sequence of events in a story. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
This module also aims to engage you in appreciation and critical study of 21st
Century Literature from the Philippines and the World, encompassing their various
dimensions, genres, elements, structures, contexts, and traditions. This module
allows you to embark on a journey from Philippine regions to the different parts of
the world through various literary encounters.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
describe a flash fiction and plot of a story;
create a digital picture story;
perform a self or peer-assessment in evaluating one’s work; and
realize the importance of friendship.
7
What I Know
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is considered as the most significant element of a story for it presents the
series of events and characters’ actions in the story?
A. plot
C. point of view
B. setting
D. conflict
2. What is also referred to as a short-short story?
A. fable
C. flash fiction
B. novel
D. parable
3. Which of the following refers to the time and place the story takes place?
A. conflict
C. climax
B. plot
D. setting
4. What do you call a short story with less than 1000 words?
A. novel
C. flash fiction
B. proverbs
D. parables
5. What emotion is felt with the loss of a loved one?
A. gaiety
C. elation
B. melancholy
D. pique
6. What does the word melancholy mean?
A. reverence
C. shyness
B. stillness
D. sadness
7. What does the phrase ‘mask one’s sorrow’ mean?
A. Pretend to be sad.
C. Pretend to be happy.
B. Paint his sorrow.
D. Wear a mask.
8. What does etched in his heart mean?
A. to be written in his heart
C. to be always remembered
B. to be seen in his heart
D. to be always heard
9. What term is also used to refer to the plot structure?
A. narrative arc
C. plot arc
B. narrative ark
D. narrative structure
8
10. What plot structure component is also known as an inciting incident?
A. rising action
C. climax
B. falling action
D. exposition
11. What component of the plot structure is always written at the end of a story?
A. falling action
C. resolution
B. rising action
D. exposition
12. The words ‘dogs are man’s best friend’ is an example of a/an
A. proverbs
C. counsel
B. adage
D. Bible verse
.
13. What plot structure component is considered as the most exciting part of a
story?
A. exposition
C. falling action
B. climax
D. resolution
14. What do you call the plot structure component when the excitement becomes
less and less as the conflict is resolved?
A. exposition
C. falling action
B. climax
D. resolution
15. What is also known as the plot complication?
A. exposition
C. falling action
B. climax
D. resolution
9
Lesson
1
Flash Fiction and Story Plot
This lesson focuses on flash fiction and story plot. A flash fiction, one of the
genres of fiction, is a short story with much lesser words. Typically, a flash fiction
story has no longer than 1000 words in length. Some literary writers find writing a
flash fiction extremely difficult because they have to cover the beginning, rising
action, climax, and conclusion of the story with very few words. Despite this
challenge, many flash fiction stories still possess those elements, all within the strict
word count. The word limit provides a very creative challenge.
Story plot, an important element of a story, is also present in flash fiction.
Plot tells the reader how the story goes. It is basically the sequence of the events in
the story. It is important to remember that the plot is what carries the readers
thoughout the story. Therefore, the plot should be related in sequence and every
event must be connected to the previous or the next one.
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to do a self- and/or peer
assessment of the creative adaptation of a literary text based on rationalized criteria.
10
What’s In
Studying literature can be very easy with the right amount of knowledge
gained from your studies in the past. Can you still recall module 5? What are the
elements of a story discussed in that module? What are the two types of character?
How does setting differ from plot and point of view? What short story was used in
the module? For this next lesson, you will be acquainted with another literary tool
shorter than a short story wherein the plot, being referred to as the paramount of
all the elements, is given emphasis. This will surely make your learning experience
more exciting.
Notes to the Teacher
This module targets a specific Learning Competency (LC). At the
end of this lesson, the student is expected to do a self- and/or peer
assessment of the creative adaptation of a literary text, based on
rationalized criteria.
11
What’s New
In this module, you will learn more about the narrative arc or the plot structure of
a story. You will be reading a flash fiction entitled “Jake” by Jim Bartlett, who has
written a number of stories from flash to novella which are all featured in Fiction
on different platforms such as The Web, CriemSpree Magazine, Short-Storyme,
Fairlight Books and other publications. As a flash fiction story goes, the author tells
a loving, gentle story of love, loss and longing with an unexpected ending. Read and
learn more about the story and try to identify the components of a plot structure.
JAKE
by Jim Bartlett
Jake’s eyes snap open, and he quickly turns to the side. But like his aching
heart, the spot where Max always sat on the couch remains empty. He takes in a
long, deep breath – really more of a sigh – and squeezes his eyes closed, hoping
that by slipping into the darkness of a nap, he will temporarily mask his sorrow.
For fifteen years they were inseparable.
Always side by side. The walks on the
beach with the gentle waves calling, the
seagulls cawing. All those hikes on the
trail where the trees canopied over like
arches, wrapping them in a soft cool
shade on a hot sunny day. Even just a
ride to the grocery store for something
Martha may have forgotten, they always
went together.
Though he knows that in some ways he
should be thankful for just having their
time together – those moments forever
etched in his heart – and that the sickness took Max quickly rather than dragging
out the pain for weeks, maybe even months, he still feels cheated. That somehow
he is missing years that could have been.
Unable to sleep, he looks around the all too empty room, letting his gaze fall upon
the leash, which still hangs from the peg by the door. It seems to wait patiently,
ever ready for that next big adventure. As his eyes well up, he realizes for the first
time how much his grief weighs, how hard it is to even rise with such a heaviness
inside.
12
It is then he hears a shuffle from behind and
turns to see Martha standing in the doorway,
her shoulder resting against the frame.
“I thought you might be in here,” she says.
She looks down at him for only a moment
before her stare drifts to the couch. “I miss
him, too, Jake. More than you’ll ever know.”
There’s a faraway melancholy tone to her
voice, but he knows that her heart, like his,
has a hole too big to fill. His head drops and
he gives off another long sigh, which seems to
prompt her to come over and kneel down onto
the carpet beside him. She slides a hand under his chin and lifts it up, then tucks
back his long, floppy ears, such that their teary eyes can meet.
“I guess you do know, don’t you, Jake.”
Directions: Reflect on and answer the questions below. Write your answer on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. What did you feel after reading the story? Expound your answer.
2. Based on the story, who is Jake and why is he in a state of loneliness?
3. What words were used to help you figure out Jake’s identity?
4. Who was Max and what happened to him?
5. Do you believe in the adage, ‘A dog is man’s best friend’? Elaborate on your
answer.
13
What is It
FLASH FICTION
The story you read is an example of a flash fiction. A flash fiction, also known
as short-short story, typically contains less than 1000 words which is most often
used to describe short casual written works. Although a flash fiction may be written
in any genre, the most famous ones are in romance, thriller, horror and sci-fi. Even
with only a number of words, a flash fiction also bears the essential elements of a
short story. The paramount of all the elements for this type of literature is the plot.
A flash fiction is similar to a short story is some ways. Both tell a complete
story with a beginning, middle and end with the elements of storytelling in place.
However, they, too, have differences.
Flash Fiction Vs. Short Story
Short Story
is significantly shorter than a novel
consists of 1000-10, 000 words in
length
has a fleshed-out plot, well-rounded
characters, and a developed setting
and theme.
has one or a few characters and one or
a few settings (limited in place and
time, such as a day or a couple of
weeks) and expresses a single theme,
or message.
generally is more flexible. There is
more space to develop ideas, plot,
character and theme; there is at most,
one plot and a small subplot or a plot
and a half.
Flash Fiction
is a much shorter version of a short
story
composed of 100-1000 words in length
has a well thought out plot and great
characters, but they don’t necessarily
need to be fully developed
shouldn’t be more than one plot and
one theme.
is punchy and to the point, a story of
extreme brevity with the plot pared
down to the core of the story. Every
detail, every character gesture, every
description counts; each word has its
place. Take one word away and the
meaning is lost.
14
Characteristics of Flash Fiction
When writing a flash fiction story, it is important to know how they are
similar and different to longer stories. Flash fiction is shorter, but it should not feel
too short. Here are some traits of strong flash fiction stories.
1. Story Structure: A flash fiction story is not the shortened version of a longer
story; it still follows the elements of plot, including a beginning, middle and end, as
well as a conflict and satisfying resolution.
2. Setting: Most flash fiction stories take place in one setting, as moving between
locations uses up too much space. It allows the writer and reader to focus on the
plot.
3. Characters and Backstory: Flash fiction pieces are plot-driven and include no
more than three or four characters. They may include some character development,
but too much backstory can use valuable space.
4. Description: One may think that flash fiction stories are short on description to
save space. However, a strong piece can balance vivid descriptions with a quickmoving plot. Stories that lack description are not satisfying to read, and a flash
fiction piece should feel complete.
The PLOT
Every written story has a plot- the series of events and characters’ actions
that includes a beginning, a middle and an end. Also, every written story has a plot
structure or a narrative arc. Although it is important for a story to have all its
essential elements, the plot is the major element of all as it is what the story is all
about. The plot is the actual story. Without it, a writer has not penned anything.
Two types of plot
A writer can create a story using one of the two types of plot- a unified plot
or an episodic plot. A unified plot has a story that is realistic with a central
character and action and the story happens in one place during a short span of
time- a day, several hours or even just for an hour. An episodic plot, on the other
hand, has a story that happens in a much extended period of time. A writer who
employs the episodic plot frequently uses the technique of ‘flashback’ to lay out
background details of the story. But similar to the unified plot, an episodic plot also
has a central character, setting and action.
There are three other ways to write a plot. A plot may be written as a
movement in casualty, a movement in time and a movement in dramatic tension.
PLOT – a movement in time
The plot is a movement in time when the story transpires on a particular period of
time such as an hour, a day, a week, a month or even a year.
15
PLOT - movement in casualty
The plot is a movement in casualty when the story is established on a series of
casual events that happen one after another. Here, the writer is to create a story
based on the principle of cause and effect that is, the first event sets off the second
and the second event sets off the third and so on. Hence, every new event has a
casual relationship to the old ones.
PLOT - a movement in dramatic tension
The plot is a movement in dramatic tension when the story has dialogue, action,
details, descriptions and scenes that amplify the tension and persuade the reader
to turn the page and continue reading. The techniques of foreshadowing, flashback
and epiphany are oftentimes employed in this type of plot.
The following are the components of a plot structure or parts of the narrative.
a. Exposition – This is the beginning of the story, also known as the inciting
incident. This is where the author introduces the characters, identifies where the
story is happening, and establishes the main conflict. This includes events, actions
or even decisions that build conflict, pressure or disturbance to the main character.
b. Rising Action – This is also known as the plot complication where the
writer fully introduces the conflict or the obstacle that will prevent the main
character, the protagonist, to achieve his goal.
c. Climax – This part is considered as the most exciting part of a story. This
part has the most tension or most exciting event compared to all other events in the
story. Also, this is where important decisions are made or important things are
discovered.
d. Falling Action – This point occurs after the climax as the problems in the
story start to work themselves out. The excitement becomes less and less as the
conflict is resolved.
e. Resolution/End – This is the solution to the problem in a story. When a
writer brings resolution to end the story, he can end the story with either an open
or closed ending. When a writer uses a closed ending, the resolution is done by
answering all unanswered questions that were implied or explicitly stated. A death
is an example of a closed ending. When a writer uses an open ending, he leaves the
readers to think, wonder or speculate what happens after the story has ended.
16
What’s More
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. What plot structure component is known as the inciting incident where the
author introduces the characters, identifies where the story is happening, and
establishes the main conflict?
A. exposition
C. falling action
B. climax
D. rising action
2. What plot structure component is considered as the solution to the problem in a
story?
A. exposition
C. falling action
B. climax
D. resolution
3. What is the other term for plot structure?
A. plot arc
C. narrative arc
B. narrative plot
D. narrative structure
4. What writing technique is used for an episodic plot?
A. flashleft
C. foreshadowing
B. flashback
D. epiphany
5. What plot movement uses techniques such as flashback, foreshadowing and
epiphany?
A. time
C. casualty
B. dramatic tension
D. space
6. When the story transpires on a particular period of time such as an hour, a day,
a week, a month or even a year, it is a plot movement in __________
A. time
C. casualty
B. dramatic tension
D. Space
7. When the story has dialogue, action, details, descriptions and scenes that amplify
the tension, it is a plot movement in __________
A. time
C. space
B. casualty
D. dramatic tension
8. When the story is established on a series of casual events that happen one after
another, it is a plot movement in __________
A. time
C. space
B. casualty
D. dramatic tension
9. What type of plot has a story that is realistic with a central character and action
and the story happens in one place during a short span of time?
A. casual
C. periodic
B. unified
D. episodic
17
10. What type of plot has a story that happens in a much extended period of time?
A. methodic
C. periodic
B. unified
D. episodic
What I Have Learned
Directions: Fill out the story grammar below. Base your answer from the story
that you have just read.
Title: _____________________________________________________________________
Character/s: ______________________________________________________________
Setting: ___________________________________________________________________
Plot:
Exposition
Rising Action
Climax
Falling Action
Resolution
18
What I Can Do
Directions: Make a digital picture story of Jake. Follow the steps in creating
a digital picture story. Then, assess your work using the rubric below.
Steps in Creating a Digital Picture Story
1. Go back to the story, “Jake”.
2. Identify the sequence of the story that you will use in your digital picture story.
3. Import images and music.
4. Apply appropriate lighting.
5. Record a voice-over.
6. Add transitions.
7. Adjust the timeline.
8. Assess your digital picture story.
19
DIGITAL PICTURE STORY ASSESSMENT RUBRIC
Needs
Total
Revision
1. VIDEO CLARITY AND
LIGHTING
A. Camera movements are
smooth and of appropriate
speed.
B. All shots have appropriate
lighting.
2. AUDIO
A. Audio is balanced between
music and voice-over.
B. Audio is clear all throughout
the video.
3. PACING
A. Clip durations are
appropriate; with elements of
excitements and surprise.
B. The sequence of the story is
easy to comprehend.
20
Needs
Major
Revision
Needs
Minor
Revision
Needs
No
Revision
Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Base your answer from the
flash fiction, “Jake”. Write your chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What plot structure component shows when excitement decreases as the conflict
is resolved?
A. exposition
C. falling action
B. climax
D. rising action
2. What is also known as the plot complication?
A. exposition
C. falling action
B. climax
D. rising action
3. What type of resolution is achieved by answering unanswered questions that
were implied or explicitly stated in the story?
A. inside
C. within
B. open
D. closed
4. What type of resolution leaves the readers to think, wonder or speculate what
happens after the story has ended?
A. inside
C. within
B. open
D. closed
5. What plot structure component has the most tension and also the most exciting
event?
A. exposition
C. falling action
B. climax
D. rising action
6. What does the word melancholy in the story mean?
A. reverence
C. shyness
B. stillness
D. sadness
7. What type of plot was used in the story?
A. episodic
B. dramatic
C. unified
D. casual
8. What plot movement was used in the story?
A. time
C. dramatic tension
B. casualty
D. episodic
9. What is also termed as the inciting incidents?
A. rising action
C. exposition
B. resolution
D. climax
21
10. What plot structure component is presented at the final part of the story?
A. resolution
C. exposition
B. theme
D. climax
11. What type of resolution is used in the story?
A. open
C. closed
B. closing
D. climax
12. What element creates the tone, presents the characters and other important
facts to introduce the story?
A. setting
C. exposition
B. theme
D. climax
13. From the phrase “memories forever etched in his heart”, what does etched in
his heart mean?
A. always written
C. always remembered
B. always seen
D. always heard
14. Based on the text, what does the phrase ‘mask his sorrow’ mean?
A. pretend to be sad
C. pretend to be happy
B. paint his sorrow
D. wear a mask
15. It is a genre of fiction that is basically a short story with much lesser words.
A. novel
C. parable
B. flash fiction
D. fable
22
Additional Activities
Directions: Answer these questions with five to ten complete sentences.
If you had a pet dog, what type of treatment would you give it?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Do you believe that animals have human-like feelings and emotions? Expound
your answer.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
23
What I Know
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
A
C
D
C
B
D
C
C
A
D
C
B
B
C
B
24
What's More
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
A
D
B
B
D
C
B
D
B
B
Assessment
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
A
D
C
B
B
D
C
A
C
A
C
C
C
C
B
Answer Key
References
Bartlett, Jim. “Jack.” Last modified February 10, 2019.
https://spillwords.com/jack/.
Hood, Dave. “What is Plot in a Short Story?” (web blog), Last modified April 11,
2011. https://davehood59.wordpress.com/2011/04/11/what-is-plot-in-ashort-story/.
Poli, Rachel. “The Difference Between Flash Fiction & Short Stories.” (web blog),
Last modified February 11, 2019.
https://rachelpoli.com/2019/02/11/the-difference-between-flash-fictionshort-stories/.
Smith, Joanna. “Everything You Need To Know About Flash Fiction.” Last
modified March 21, 2018.
https://medium.com/@joannasmith008/everything-you-need-to-knowabout-flash-fiction-29e2513b4f4a.
Widhalm, Shelly. “Writing Flash Fiction vs. Short Stories.” (web blog), Last
modified January 31, 2015.
https://shelleywidhalm.wordpress.com/2015/01/31/writing-flash-fictionvs-short-stories.
Your Dictionary. “5 Flash Fiction Examples to Inspire and Entertain.”
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/5-flash-fiction-examples-to-inspireand-entertain.html.
25
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex
Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph
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