Presentation Method: Indispensable in Imparting
Knowledge in Educational Institutions at all Levels
Dr. Radhika Kapur
Abstract
Presentation method is the method that is regarded as worthwhile and efficacious at
all levels of education. The instructors are making use of this method in imparting knowledge
to the students. On the other hand, the students are also required to give presentations as a
part of evaluation method. In giving presentations, the individuals make use of technologies
in most cases, as Power Point presentations are common. Apart from technologies, they also
make use of research papers, articles and reports. In leading to up-gradation of the
presentation method, the individuals need to make sure they possess adequate knowledge in
terms of the topics and make the presentations expressive. When the individuals will possess
adequate knowledge, they will be able to overcome the feelings of apprehensiveness, stress
and anxiety when giving presentations. There are differences in the types of presentations.
Normally, all types of presentations are put into operation in educational institutions at all
levels. Therefore, the instructors and the students are well-aware in terms of the fact that
presentations are regarded as an integral part of the teaching and the learning processes at all
levels of education. The main concepts that are taken into account in this research paper are,
methods of initiating presentations, factors to be considered in making the presentation
method effective and types of presentation methods.
Keywords: Educational Institutions, Effective, Knowledge, Methods, Presentation
Method, Skills, Topics
Presentation method is related to presenting of information in a clear and wellunderstood manner. The implementation of this method up-grades the competencies and
abilities of the individuals to get their point across. In educational institutions at all levels, the
instructors are making use of this method in imparting knowledge and understanding to the
students in terms of academic concepts. On the other hand, the instructors are also making
use of this method in evaluating the performance of students. The students are required to
make presentations in class, as an evaluation method. In educational institutions at all levels,
there are organization of seminars and workshops. In seminars and workshops, other
individuals are invited from other educational institutions as well. These individuals are
primarily in leadership positions and are professors and researchers. They make use of the
presentation method in imparting information to the individuals, particularly in terms of the
topic of the seminar or workshop. Therefore, presentation method is regarded as effectual and
worthwhile in presenting information in a clear and well-ordered manner.
The presentation method is regarded as worthwhile in every field. The individuals
make selection of the field, in accordance to their interests, skills and abilities. In every field,
i.e. education, arts, architecture, engineering, management, administration, science,
technology, law and so forth, the individuals are required to up-grade their presentation skills.
Presentation skills are regarded to be of utmost significance in achieving educational goals as
well as in bringing about improvements in one’s overall quality of lives. In most cases, when
the individuals are to give presentations, they make use of computers and prepare Power
Point presentations. But in some cases, they make use of articles and various types of reading
materials as well in preparing presentations. In order to make use of the presentation method
in an effective manner, the individuals need to possess adequate information in terms of
lesson plans and academic concepts. When they will be well-aware, they will do well in their
jobs. Therefore, presentation method is regarded as meaningful and effectual and is
acknowledged to a major extent.
In doing well in the presentation method, there are various factors that need to be
taken into consideration, i.e. possession of effective communication skills; maintaining eye
contact with the audience; making use of common language that is easily understandable;
inculcating the traits of morality and ethics; making provision of factual information; having
pleasant facial expressions; possessing adequate technical skills; providing accurate answers
to the questions put forward by the audience; speaking clearly and fluently and dressing
neatly. When students are to give presentations, the instructors need to train them and provide
efficient information. When the students are able to augment their knowledge in terms of
these factors, they are able to carry out their job duties well. In most cases, when
presentations are given in seminars and workshops or as a part of evaluation methods in class,
the students are rewarded. The rewards are usually in the form of good grades and
certificates. Therefore, the presentation method is essential and it contributes in bringing
about improvements in communication skills and interactive abilities of the students.
Methods of Initiating Presentations
It is not difficult for the individuals at all levels of education to understand the
methods of initiating presentations. When the individuals are preparing presentations, they
are making use of various sources of information. As it is understood that individuals mostly
make use of technologies, but they also make use of books, articles, reports and other reading
materials. Before initiating presentations, greeting the audience is of utmost significance. The
speakers need to wish them, and introduce the topic of presentation. When the individuals are
making presentations, they need to depict curiosity and fervour in doing their jobs. When
they will depict these traits, they will be able form connections with the audience. When the
presenters are speaking with confidence, interest and enthusiasm, they are not only doing
their job duties well, but they are also developing interest and curiosity among the audience
and facilitate listening skills. Furthermore, the presenters need to be well-aware in terms of
measures and strategies to overcome vulnerability and apprehensiveness. Therefore, it is
comprehensively understood, when the individuals will be well-equipped in terms of the
subjects and concepts, and they will speak confidently, they will be able to overcome
vulnerability and apprehensiveness and do well in their jobs.
It is understood that when the individuals are making presentations, they need to
possess adequate information in terms of subjects and concepts. Apart from information, they
make use of various types of materials, i.e. technologies, books, articles, projects, reports and
other reading materials. The presenters need to be well-equipped with the usage of
technologies. Furthermore, when the individuals are making presentations, they need to
depict curiosity and attentiveness. When they will depict these traits, they will be able to form
sociable terms and relationships with the audience. When the individuals are imparting
information, they need to make sure that the audience is able to understand the information in
a satisfactory manner. In presentations, the language that is made use of should be common
and easily understandable. The words used should be simple. The audience are different in
terms of number of factors, i.e. caste, creed, race, religion, ethnicity, cultures, age, genders,
educational qualifications, skills, abilities, personality traits and socio-economic background.
Therefore, when the individuals are making presentations, they need to take into account the
needs and requirements of the audience.
In order to initiate the presentation in an effective and regimented manner, the
individuals need to ensure that they speak the facts (Chibana, 2020). Particularly on the basis
of facts, the presentations are prepared. When they will be aware, they will perform their job
duties well. In most cases, when the individuals are making presentations, they make use of
the articles, papers and technologies. They read what has been written in these materials and
if there is time, they make provision of explanations. In other words, they speak the
information, which has not been specified in Power Points. The focus on the subject matter
has to be done enthusiastically. In most cases, the individuals give examples. The examples
need to be based on the topic. The main objective of giving examples is to make the
information understandable to the audience. In some cases, stories are also told via
presentations. In most cases, they are factual. This method normally arouses curiosity among
students towards attending presentations and listening thoughtfully. Therefore, whether there
are examples or stories, they should be understandable in a manageable manner and promote
learning.
Within the course of making presentations in terms of the concepts as well as upon
their completion, the instructors provide opportunities to the students to put forward their
questions. Hence, in this manner, they are providing solutions to the problems and doubts
experienced by the students. The doubts and problems exist within the course of
understanding of the subjects and concepts and within the course of achievement of academic
goals. In other words, the question-answer sessions are encouraged within the course of
putting into practice various forms of presentations. When students are required to make
presentations, they also convey to the audience that they can put forward questions, if they
have any. The question-answer sessions is regarded as vital in establishing connections
between the instructors and students. Therefore, it is understood, when the presenters make
provision of opportunities to the audience to put forward their questions and they provide
accurate and satisfactory answers, they are rendering a significant contribution in making
presentations expressive and meaningful.
Factors to be considered in making the Presentation Method
Effective
When the individuals are well-resourced in terms of the methods of giving
presentation and ways of making effective presentations, they will contribute in a significant
manner in doing well and in achieving the desired goals and objectives. Furthermore, the
possession of information in making the presentations effective will contribute in bringing
about improvements in the overall quality of lives of the individuals. In making the
presentation method effective and in ensuring that it contributes in an efficient manner in
enhancing the competencies and abilities of the instructors, promoting student learning, and
in up-grading the overall system of education, there are various factors, which need to be
taken into consideration. These are stated as follows:
Depict one’s Enthusiasm and Connect with the Audience – When the individuals are
making presentations, they need to depict interest and enthusiasm. When they will depict
these traits, they will be able to connect with the audience. When the individuals are
imparting information, they need to make sure that the audience is able to understand the
information in a well-organized manner. When the audience are attending presentations and
are listening to the presenters, they have an objective. One of the common objectives is, they
are required to augment their knowledge and understanding. Hence, when the presenters
depict enthusiasm and establish a connection with the audience, they are able to do well in
their jobs. Therefore, at all levels of education, when the individuals are making presentations
in classrooms and in seminars and workshops, they need to depict enthusiasm and connect
with the audience. This is regarded as one of the essential factors in making the presentation
method effective.
Focus upon the Needs and Requirements of the Audience – The audience are different
in terms of number of factors, i.e. caste, creed, race, religion, ethnicity, cultures, age, gender,
educational qualifications and socio-economic background. When the individuals are
preparing presentations, they need to take into account the needs and requirements of the
audience. In this case, the presentations are based on what the audience want to know and not
what one can tell them. When the presentations are focused upon the needs and requirements
of the audience, they will depict interest in listening and will even put forward their questions
(Top Tips for Effective Presentations, 2020). In the presentation method, the interaction
needs to be facilitated between the presenters and the audience. Therefore, it is
comprehensively understood, when the instructors and students will prepare presentations in
accordance to the needs and requirements of the audience, they will be able to make
presentations effective.
Concentrate on the Subject Matter – In order to make use of the presentation method
in an effective manner, the individuals need to possess adequate information in terms of
subjects and concepts, particularly on the basis of which presentations are prepared. When
they will be well-aware, they will do well in their jobs. In most cases, when the individuals
are making presentations, they have the articles, papers and technologies. They read what has
been written in these materials and if time permits, they make provision of explanations. The
concentration on the subject matter has to be done wholeheartedly. In most cases, the
individuals give examples. The examples need to be based on the subjects and concepts. The
main objective of giving examples is to make the information understandable to the audience.
Therefore, it is well-understood, concentrating on the subject matter is the factor that is
regarded to be of utmost significance in making the presentation method effective.
Maintain Pleasant Facial Expressions – Presentations in some cases, enable the
individuals to experience the psychological problems of stress and anxiety. These problems
are regarded as major barriers within the course of making presentations. The students at all
levels of education need to overcome these barriers and make presentations effective. One of
the important factors is to maintain pleasant facial expressions. This factor in most cases is
apparently understood, particularly when the students are adults in higher educational
institutions. When the presenters are speaking, they need to have a smile on their face and
maintain eye contact with the audience. In some cases, the audience is sitting on the right and
left sides of the speakers as well. Hence, they need to maintain eye contact with the audience
on all sides. Therefore, it can be stated, maintaining pleasant facial expressions is regarded as
one of the indispensable factors in making the presentation method effective.
Learn to Overcome Vulnerability and Apprehensiveness – The presenters need to be
well-aware in terms of measures and approaches to overcome vulnerability and
apprehensiveness. Within the course of making presentations, if the individuals feel
vulnerable and apprehensive, they will experience problems and will not be able to attain the
desired outcomes. When the students experience these traits, they will not be able to achieve
the desired grades. On the other hand, when the instructors experience these traits, they will
not be able to carry out their job duties well of instructing students. Hence, both the
instructors and students need to ensure that their presentations should be made effective and
meaningful, when they will be able to put into operation the methods and approaches to
overcome vulnerability and apprehensiveness. Therefore, it can be stated, learning to
overcome vulnerability and apprehensiveness is regarded as one of the important factors in
making the presentation method effective.
Develop Technical Skills – Technical skills are the qualities and abilities that the
individuals need in performing digital tasks. The various types of technical skills are,
programming languages, common operating systems, software proficiency, technical writing,
project management and data analysis. It requires a great amount of preparation and
repetition in leading to development of technical skills (Technical Skills, 2020). In most
cases, when the individuals are giving presentations, they make use of computers and prepare
Power Point presentations. Traditionally, individuals in the field of mathematics, science,
technology, engineering and so forth are making use of technical skills. But apart from these
fields, in all other fields as well, the individuals need to make use of technical skills. Getting
engaged in regular practice is regarded as one of the key factors needed in the development of
technical skills. Therefore, it is comprehensively understood, development of technical skills
is regarded as one of the important factors in making the presentation method effective.
Possess Sufficient Knowledge in terms of Topic – The individuals need to possess
adequate information in terms of the topic on which the presentations are prepared. In most
cases, the individuals are provided with the opportunities to make selection of the topic on
their own, based on their interests and abilities. They are usually based on the subjects and
lesson plans. In preparing presentations, the individuals need to possess adequate information
and this is facilitated through conducting research. The research is conducted through making
use of books, articles, reports, projects and other reading materials. Apart from these, the use
of technologies and internet have acquired prominence. When the individuals are determined
towards their job duties and aim to do well, they work diligently towards acquisition of
knowledge and understanding. Therefore, the individuals are able to understand that when
they possess sufficient knowledge in terms of topic, they will be able to make the
presentations effective.
Take into Consideration the Time – There is a time set for giving presentations. In
most cases, it is five to ten minutes, but in some cases, it is more as well. When doctoral
students are to make presentations in the pre-submission of their thesis, they need to take into
consideration the time. In educational institutions at all levels, the time factor is regarded to
be of utmost significance. As class lectures, exams, tests, competitions, debates and all other
activities are carried out in accordance to the time. When the presentations are prepared, the
individuals need to include the necessary information, which can be completed within the
required time. When the time is short, the presentations are made brief. On the other hand,
when the time is more, the individuals are able to include more amount of information.
Therefore, it is comprehensively understood, taking into consideration the time is one of the
vital factors in making the presentation method effective.
Develop Interest and Enthusiasm in Speaking – When the individuals are making
presentations, they need to depict interest and enthusiasm in speaking. When they will depict
these traits, they will be able form linkages with the audience. When the presenters are
speaking with confidence, interest and enthusiasm, they are not only doing their job duties
well, but are also developing interest and curiosity in listening. Within the classroom settings,
the classmates usually form cordial terms and relationships with each other. As they interact
and exchange ideas and viewpoints needed in performing well in their job duties, they are
able to generate the desired outcomes. When a student has received support and assistance
from a classmate in the preparation of presentation, they will usually speak with interest and
enthusiasm. Furthermore, the classmate will also listen with curiosity, particularly the one,
who has provided help. Therefore, it is comprehensively understood, developing interest and
enthusiasm in speaking is one of the crucial factors in making the presentation method
effective.
Inculcate the Traits of Diligence and Conscientiousness – Inculcation of the traits of
diligence and conscientiousness is essential not only in making the presentations effective,
but also in putting into operation other tasks and activities and achievement of academic
goals. When the individuals are conducting research in terms of various areas and are
preparing presentations, the inculcation of the traits of diligence and conscientiousness will
help them to generate the desired outcomes. When the individuals are making use of
computers and preparing Power Point presentations, they need to be well-equipped with
technical skills. Whereas, when they are writing research papers, then too, the inculcation of
the traits of diligence and conscientiousness will be regarded as efficacious in doing well and
in generating the desired outcomes. Hence, these traits render a significant contribution in
leading to up-gradation of knowledge and competencies. Therefore, it can be stated,
inculcation of the traits of diligence and conscientiousness is one of the key factors in making
the presentation method effective.
Types of Presentation Methods
Presentation methods are the methods, which enable the individuals to make
presentations in an oral manner. When the individuals are delivering lectures or giving
speeches, they are presenting information. The information can be presented in well-equipped
manner, when the individuals are aware of the presentation methods. There are various types
of presentation methods. The individuals need to make selection of the presentation method
on the basis of various factors, i.e. needs and requirements of the audience, grade levels of
students, academic subjects, and concepts, academic objectives and the overall system of
education. The various types of presentation methods are stated as follows:
Lecture Presentation Method – Lecture method is regarded as the ancient method of
presenting information. The instructors are making use of this method in educational
institutions at all levels. In the present existence, it is the regarded as one of the commonly
used methods. In the implementation of this method, the instructors are making use of
modern, scientific, technical and pioneering methods of teaching. Apart from these, there are
usage of technologies as well. Within the classroom settings, computers and projectors are
made use of to impart knowledge to the students in terms of lesson plans and academic
concepts. The instructors explains the content matter to the students, so they are able to
acquire an understanding of the subjects and concepts in a well-ordered manner. The
instructors make use of gestures, simple strategies by changing the tone of voice, and facial
expressions. The instructors are usually active, when they are putting into operation this
method. In the lecture method, the instructors are the ones who render a significant
contribution in educating students. They speak and students are meant to listen to them and
understand the information.
Workshop Presentation Method – In educational institutions at all levels, there are
organization of seminars and workshops. In the seminars and workshops, other individuals
are invited from other educational institutions as well. These individuals are primarily in
leadership positions, i.e. heads, directors, principals, instructors and researchers. They make
use of the presentation method in imparting information to the individuals in terms of the
topic on the basis of which, the seminar or workshop is organized. The presentation in
workshops is made through making use of technologies and articles. The individuals need to
prepare themselves well. As when there are any types of questions put forward by the
audience, the presenters need to be well-prepared to answer. In workshops, particularly in
higher educational institutions, the students are provided with the opportunities to present
papers. Usually, when they present papers, they are rewarded with certificates. This method
provides the opportunities to the students to enhance their presentation and public speaking
skills. Furthermore, they are able to pursue towards the right path, central in the achievement
of academic goals.
Evaluative Presentation Method – After the instructors have imparted information to
the students in terms of lesson plans and academic concepts, they are required to find out how
much the students have learned. Furthermore, they are to find out whether the teachinglearning methods have proven to be worthwhile or there is a need to bring about
improvements. The evaluative presentation method is put into practice by the instructors to
evaluate the performance of the students. In this case, the students are given a topic on which
they need to prepare a presentation. Normally, the students make use of technologies and
prepare Power Point presentations. The students in most cases, make use of modern,
scientific and innovative methods to enrich their presentations. In some cases, they put in
videos as well. Hence, when the students are determined towards doing well in their studies
and the achievement of educational goals, they put in efforts to make presentations effective.
Conducting analysis of the presentation method is regarded as essential and this is taken into
consideration in evaluative presentation method (Hamilton, 2020).
Coach Presentation Method – The coach presentation method is for energetic and
charismatic speakers. This presentation method is regarded as the great style to make use of
with the audience, who needs to enhance their ideas and viewpoints. This presentation
method is effectual, when the presenters do not have to go into details. In some cases, when
the instructors are presenting information in terms of concepts, they are not required to go
into details. Hence, this method will be regarded as efficacious and meaningful. This method
provides the opportunities to establish a connection with the audience making use of roleplay and listener interaction. For example, when the individuals are making use of
information to sell a product, they make use of the coach presentation method. Furthermore,
when the instructors are giving ideas and suggestions to the students, then too the coach
presentation method is to be put into practice (Joy, 2020).
Instructor Presentation Method – Instructor presentation method is the method of
presentation that the instructors put into practice, when they need to impart information to the
students in terms of lesson plans and academic concepts. In other words, when the instructors
are teaching, through the utilization of various types of teaching-learning materials, they are
presenting information to the students. In this method, the primary aim of the instructors is to
ensure that the students are able to understand the concepts in an effectual manner and are
able to do well in their academic tasks and functions. Within the course of imparting
information in terms of the lesson plans as well as upon their completion, the instructors
provide opportunities to the students to put forward their questions. Hence, in this manner,
they are providing solutions to the problems and doubts experienced by the students within
the course of achievement of academic goals. In other words, the question-answer sessions
are encouraged within the course of putting into practice this method.
Storytelling Presentation Method – As the name implies, storytelling presentation
method is the method of presentation, which involves telling of stories. This method of
presentation is normally put into practice in seminars and conferences. On the other hand,
when the instructors are imparting information to the students in terms of lesson plans and
academic concepts, then also they implement this method. In most cases, the stories which
are conveyed are factual. This method normally arouses interest and enthusiasm among
students towards attending presentations and listening attentively. When the presenters are
telling stories, the audience normally forms the viewpoint that the way certain strategies,
methods and approaches have been beneficial to others, in the same way, they can also
benefit, if they implement them satisfactorily. If the concepts involve stories, the presenters
ensure that they include stories and make the presentations interesting and meaningful. The
stories will enable the individuals to understand the concepts in a satisfactory manner.
Therefore, one can understand well that the storytelling presentation method has been
worthwhile and effectual at all levels of education.
Connector Presentation Method – In the connector presentation method, the feedback
is encouraged from the audience. The individuals will make an attempt to connect with the
audience through their presentation. After the presentations are over, the presenters connect
with the audience through the similarities. Normally, at the end of the presentations, the
speakers convey to the audience that they can ask questions if they have any. Apart from
questions, the audience in some cases is given a survey questionnaire. In the survey
questionnaire, the audience express their responses in terms of the presentations. If there are
any limitations experienced, they are allowed to express them and suggest ways to bring
about improvements. In this manner, a connection is established between the audience and
the presenters. Furthermore, the presenters need to ensure that the audience is able to
understand the information in an appropriate manner. Therefore, this method is made use of,
particularly when the presenters are keen to find out, whether they have done their job duties
well or there is a need to bring about improvements.
Persuasive Presentation Method – Persuasive presentation method is the presentation
method, when the presenters are making an attempt to persuade the audience. In educational
institutions at all levels, there are organization of canteens in which the students sell various
types of food items. In such cases, they make visits to the classes and present the information
regarding their canteen. When they are presenting information, they are making an attempt to
persuade the individuals. In other words, they are making an attempt to arouse interest and
enthusiasm within the mind-sets of the individuals, so they are able to make a visit to the
canteen and purchase the items. In some cases, when the information is imparted to the
audience, they feel reluctant. Hence, the information should be organized in such a manner
that the audience generate interest and enthusiasm. Therefore, this method is encouraged,
particularly when the individuals are making presentations to convince and influence the
audience. Furthermore, they are interested to find out, whether they have done their job duties
well or there is a need to bring about improvements.
Interactive Presentation Method – In the interactive presentation method, the
presenters have the major aim to interact with the audience through the information. It is
apparent that when the presenters are presenting information, they are interacting with the
audience. The interaction with the audience not just takes place in this presentation method,
but in all the presentation methods. When interaction takes place with the audience in the
interactive presentation method, the presenters normally have two major aims, i.e. they need
to make the presentation interesting and develop curiosity and enthusiasm among them.
Another aim is to make sure that the audience is able to understand the information. When
the presentations are made through Power Points, they should not comprise too much of
information. In other words, the slides should not be too overloaded with information. In the
interactive presentation method, the main factors that are taken into account are, possession
of effective communication skills, maintaining eye contact with the audience, making use of
common language, implementing the traits of goodness and truthfulness, providing accurate
information, having pleasant facial expressions, possessing adequate technical skills and
providing factual answers to the questions put forward by the audience.
Freeform Presentation Method – In the freeform presentation method, the presenters
do not make use of Power Point slides. In this case, the possession of technical skills are not
regarded as crucial. When the individuals are making presentations, they are speaking as if
they are well-aware in terms of the topic, they are presenting. In other words, they are
speaking freely. The individuals do not have to prepare much in terms of this form of
presentation. In some cases, in educational institutions, when the students have not prepared
regarding the topic and they are required to make a brief presentation, in such cases, the
freeform presentation method is put into practice. Normally, in educational institutions at all
levels, the instructors in class normally convey the viewpoint to the students that the freeform
presentation method will help them to enhance their communication and public speaking
skills. They give a topic to the students, in terms of which they have to speak. In this manner,
the students learn to make presentations, without having to make use of technologies.
Conclusion
Presentation method is related to presenting of information in a flawless and
consistent manner. The implementation of this method up-grades the competencies and
abilities of the individuals to convey their information. In educational institutions at all levels,
the instructors are making use of this method in imparting knowledge and understanding to
the students in terms of academic concepts. Factors to be considered in making the
presentation method effective are, depict one’s enthusiasm and connect with the audience,
focus upon the needs and requirements of the audience, concentrate on the subject matter,
maintain pleasant facial expressions, learn to overcome vulnerability and apprehensiveness,
develop technical skills, possess sufficient knowledge in terms of topic, take into
consideration the time, develop interest and enthusiasm in speaking and inculcate the traits of
diligence and conscientiousness. The various types of presentation methods are, lecture,
workshop, evaluative, coach, instructor, storytelling, connector, persuasive, interactive and
freeform. It is vital for the instructors and students to be well-aware in terms of methods of
initiating presentations. Finally, it can be stated, when the individuals are well-equipped with
presentation skills and ways of making effective presentations, they will contribute in an
efficient manner in doing well and in generating the desired outcomes.
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