FIBROID
 Fibroids, also known as uterine fibroids or leiomyomas,
are noncancerous growths that develop in or on the
uterus.
 They are made up of muscle and fibrous tissue and can
range in size from small, undetectable nodules to large,
bulky masses that can distort the shape of the uterus.
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 They consist of smooth muscle cells and connective tissue.
 A person may have one or multiple fibroids.
 They can also shrink or grow over time.
 Uterine fibroids are almost always noncancerous
 Uterine sarcomas are a rare form of cancer called
leiomyosarcoma
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Fibroid is more common from age 30 till
menopause (MedicalNewsToday, 2020)
Boafor, (2016), three to five fibroid surgeries daily
at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital.
Fibroid cases are on the increase, and every three
women above 30 years has the condition as well as
those in their 20s (Boafor, 2016)
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TYPES OF FIBROID
• Fibroids are classified depending on their location in
the uterus.
• The four main types of fibroid.
• Subserosal fibroids which are the most
common type. They grow on the outside of the
uterus.
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TYPES OF FIBROID cont.’s
• Intramural fibroids which grow inside the muscular
wall of the uterus.
• Submucosal fibroids which grow into the open space
inside the uterus.
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SYMPTOMS OF FIBROID
Excessive menstrual bleeding
Prolonged menstrual cycles
Pelvic pain and pressure
Frequent urination and incontinence
Constipation
Backache
Leg pain
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CAUSES OF FIBROID
Estrogen, progesterone, growth hormones
Genetic factor
Stress and unbalanced micronutrients (such as iron
and vitamin D)
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DIAGNOSIS
Ultrasound scans
Plate 3. Ultrasound image by Fibroid treatment
collaborative, 2021
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DIAGNOSIS cont.’s
Pelvic
examination
Plate 4. Pelvic examination image by Fibroid treatment
collaborative, 2021
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DIAGNOSIS cont.’s
Hysteroscopy: a long flexible or rigid tube called a
hysteroscope is used.
 It is inserted into the vagina and through the cervix to
reach the uterus.
A fiber optic light source and a tiny camera in the tube
allow the doctor to view the cavity.
The uterus is filled with saline or carbon dioxide to
inflate the cavity and provide better viewing.
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HYSTEROSCOPY
Plate 5. Hysteroscopy image by NHS, 2021
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DIAGNOSIS cont.’s
Laparoscopy: They will insert a small, lighted tube
into a small incision in the abdomen to examine the
outside of the uterus and its surrounding structures.
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TREATMENT
Most fibroids do not cause symptoms and do not
require treatment. In fact, they often shrink or
disappear after menopause
A doctor may recommend different treatments
depending on the symptoms, the severity of the
symptoms, and the location of the fibroids
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MIDICATION
• GnRH agonists
• GnRH agonist causes the body to produce less
estrogen and progesterone. This shrinks
fibroids.
• GnRH agonists stop the menstrual cycle without
affecting fertility after the end of treatment.
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MIDICATION CONT.’S
Hormonal birth control
Oral contraceptives help regulate the
ovulation cycle, and they may help reduce the
amount of pain or bleeding during periods
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MIDICATION CONT.’S
SURGERY
Severe fibroids may not respond to more
conservative treatment options. In these cases,
surgery may be the best treatment option.
The doctor may consider the following procedures
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MIDICATION CONT.’S
Hysterectomy
Myomectomy
Endometrial ablation
Uterine fibroid embolization
lifestyle
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