Forms of Energy and Energy Conversion
1. Which of the following is a root source of energy used in our society?
a) Batteries
b) Natural gas
c) Wall sockets
d) Solar panels
2. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can be:
a) Created and destroyed freely
b) Converted from one form to another but not created or destroyed
c) Created but not destroyed
d) Destroyed but not created
3. Which form of energy is associated with an object's position?
a) Kinetic energy
b) Potential energy
c) Internal energy
d) Heat energy
4. Internal energy is:
a) Energy of motion
b) Energy of position
c) Energy stored within a matter on a microscopic level
d) Energy transferred without macroscopic motion
5. Work is defined as the energy used to:
a) Impart motion
b) Store energy
c) Transfer heat
d) Change temperature
6. Heat transfer occurs due to differences in:
a) Velocity
b) Mass
c) Pressure
d) Temperature
7. Which form of energy can be converted into shaft work in devices like wind turbines and
hydroelectric dams?
a) Kinetic energy
b) Potential energy
c) Internal energy
d) Heat energy
8. Which of the following is an example of potential energy?
a) A moving car
b) A stretched rubber band
c) A spinning top
d) A burning candle
9. The energy associated with the motion of particles is called:
a) Potential energy
b) Kinetic energy
c) Chemical energy
d) Thermal energy
10. Which of the following is an example of renewable energy?
a) Natural gas
b) Coal
c) Solar power
d) Nuclear power
11. The conversion of chemical energy to thermal energy is an example of:
a) Conduction
b) Convection
c) Radiation
d) Combustion
12. Which form of energy is typically associated with the flow of electrons?
a) Mechanical energy
b) Electrical energy
c) Nuclear energy
d) Magnetic energy
13. The Law of Conservation of Energy states that:
a) Energy can be created but not destroyed
b) Energy can be destroyed but not created
c) Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another
d) Energy can be created and destroyed freely
14. The process of converting solar energy into electrical energy is known as:
a) Solar thermal power
b) Geothermal power
c) Photovoltaic power
d) Hydropower
15. Which of the following is a unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI)?
a) Joule (J)
b) Newton (N)
c) Watt (W)
d) Volt (V)
16. The efficiency of an energy conversion process is defined as:
a) The ratio of energy output to energy input
b) The amount of energy lost during the process
c) The total energy generated during the process
d) The time it takes to complete the process
Fundamental Definitions for Describing Systems
17. Which type of system allows both matter and energy to enter and/or leave the system?
a) Open system
b) Closed system
c) Adiabatic system
d) Isolated system
18. Which type of system has no matter entering or leaving the system, but energy transfer can
occur?
a) Open system
b) Closed system
c) Adiabatic system
d) Isolated system
19. What type of system has no heat entering or leaving the system?
a) Open system
b) Closed system
c) Adiabatic system
d) Isolated system
20. Which type of system has neither matter nor energy entering or leaving the system?
a) Open system
b) Closed system
c) Adiabatic system
d) Isolated system
21. What type of system has a constant volume?
a) Isochoric system
b) Isothermal system
c) Isobaric system
d) Adiabatic system
22. Which type of system has a constant temperature throughout the system?
a) Isochoric system
b) Isothermal system
c) Isobaric system
d) Adiabatic system
23. Which type of system has constant pressure throughout the system?
a) Isochoric system
b) Isothermal system
c) Isobaric system
d) Adiabatic system
24. In an isothermal system, the temperature is constant with respect to:
a) Position
b) Time
c) Both position and time
d) Neither position nor time
25. In an isobaric system, the pressure is constant with respect to:
a) Position
b) Time
c) Both position and time
d) Neither position nor time
26. How are the terms "isothermal" and "isobaric" distinguished in this book?
a) Isothermal refers to processes, while isobaric refers to systems.
b) Isothermal refers to systems, while isobaric refers to processes.
c) Isothermal refers to both systems and processes, while isobaric refers to neither.
d) Isothermal refers to neither systems nor processes, while isobaric refers to both.
Equilibrium and Steady State
27. What is the defining characteristic of a system at steady state?
a) Constant properties with respect to time
b) Balanced mechanical forces
c) Balanced thermal equilibrium
d) Balanced chemical reactions
28. At equilibrium, there is no driving force for any change to the system's:
a) Mechanical forces
b) Temperature
c) Chemical reactions
d) State properties
29. Which driving force is responsible for changes in temperature between two objects?
a) Mechanical driving force
b) Thermal driving force
c) Chemical driving force
d) None of the above
30. When mechanical forces on an object are unbalanced, it is not at:
a) Steady state
b) Equilibrium
c) Mechanical equilibrium
d) Thermal equilibrium
31. Which driving force is responsible for chemical reactions and phase changes?
a) Mechanical driving force
b) Thermal driving force
c) Chemical driving force
d) None of the above
32. What is the state of the system when pure nitrogen and pure hydrogen are brought
together?
a) Steady state
b) Equilibrium
c) Chemical equilibrium
d) Mechanical equilibrium
33. Thermal equilibrium exists when:
a) Temperature is constant with respect to time
b) Temperature is balanced throughout the system
c) Mechanical forces are balanced throughout the system
d) Chemical reactions are balanced throughout the system
34 Which of the following is a scalar quantity?
a) Force
b) Pressure
c) Work
d) None of the above
35. Force is defined as:
a) The ratio of mass to acceleration
b) The rate of change of momentum
c) The product of mass and acceleration
d) The interaction between two objects
36. Pressure is defined as:
a) The force applied per unit area
b) The displacement of an object in the direction of a force
c) The work done per unit time
d) The measure of an object's resistance to acceleration
37. The SI unit of pressure is:
a) Newton (N)
b) Pascal (Pa)
c) Joule (J)
d) Kilogram (kg)
38. Work is defined as:
a) The product of force and time
b) The rate of doing mechanical work
c) The transfer of energy through heat
d) The measure of an object's resistance to acceleration
39. Which of the following is a unit of work?
a) Joule (J)
b) Newton (N)
c) Watt (W)
d) Pascal (Pa)
Kinetic energy
30. Kinetic energy is quantified by which variables?
a) Mass (M) and velocity (v)
b) Density (ρ) and velocity (v)
c) Force (F) and displacement (s)
d) Temperature (T) and pressure (P)
31. What is the relationship between kinetic energy and the potential to do work?
a) They are unrelated concepts
b) Kinetic energy is a form of potential energy
c) Kinetic energy can be converted into potential energy
d) Potential energy can be converted into kinetic energy
32. When an object is in motion, work is done if:
a) There is no opposing force
b) The object is stationary
c) The object is accelerating
d) There is a force opposing the motion
33. What happens to the kinetic energy of a rolling ball as it moves up a hill?
a) It decreases
b) It remains constant
c) It increases
d) It is converted into potential energy
Potential Energy
34. Potential energy is associated with an object's:
a) Mass
b) Velocity
c) Position in a force field
d) Temperature
35. Objects located within significant electromagnetic or gravitational force fields have:
a) Kinetic energy
b) Thermal energy
c) Potential energy
d) Chemical energy
36. The waterwheel is an example of a system that converts potential energy into:
a) Kinetic energy
b) Thermal energy
c) Chemical energy
d) Electrical energy
37. How is potential energy resulting from gravity quantified?
a) P.E. = mgh
b) P.E. = m/v
c) P.E. = Fd
d) P.E. = 1/2mv^2
38. Internal Energy
The internal energy of a substance consists of the energy stored by:
a) Macroscopic motion
b) External forces
c) Individual molecules
d) Electromagnetic fields
39. The Rankine cycle is a machine that converts the internal energy of a fuel into:
a) Potential energy
b) Kinetic energy
c) Thermal energy
d) Shaft work
40. Pumps and compressors increase the pressure of a fluid by:
a) Decreasing its internal energy
b) Adding work to the system
c) Increasing its kinetic energy
d) Converting potential energy
41. The property specific internal energy is defined as:
a) Energy per unit volume
b) Energy per unit time
c) Energy per unit mass
d) Energy per unit temperature
42. Negative values of specific internal energy (U) are possible because:
a) Materials can have negative energy
b) Internal energy can be zero in certain cases
c) The reference state is chosen arbitrarily
d) Internal energy is always negative by definition