Directions: Read the paragraph carefully and identify the correct word that fits in each sentence in the box below. 2. What do you call the imaginary line that divides the places on the earth in an east-west direction? A. Equator B. Latitude C. Longitude D. Prime meridian 3. Which of the following BEST describes the prime meridian? A. 15 degree line B. 180 degree line C. Vertical, center line D. Horizontal, center line Currently, Earth is composed of seven continents surrounded by different bodies of water. Locating a specific place would not be possible if not for Earth’s models such as maps and globes. A _____________ is a two-dimensional drawing which can be used on flat surfaces and is easily carried. On the other hand, a _____________ is a three-dimensional representation of the spherical shape of Earth. A unique feature of a globe is Earth’s tilt with respect to its North and South Poles. It also represents Earth’s position relative to the Sun. Through time, both models have undergone modifications to represent Earth better. A common feature of maps and globes is the presence of _____________ horizontal and vertical lines to form a Cartesian plane. These imaginary lines form a grid collectively known as the geographic coordinate system. The geographic coordinate system does not exist but it was drawn as a numerical reference which determines the locations of different places on Earth. Locating places on a map or globe uses these lines which are represented as _____________ (°) since it is assumed that the world is spherical. Most maps usually draw these lines apart at a 15º interval. Lines which run horizontally from east to west are called _____________. These lines are _____________ to each other. Hence, latitudes do not meet or intersect. The latitude which cuts the Earth in half is called the _____________. This line divides Earth into _____________ and _____________ hemispheres. As a reference point, the equator is read as 0º latitude. The degree ___________ as it approaches the two poles which are read as 90º north latitude (90ºN) or 90º south latitude (90ºS). The closer the latitude is to the equator, the _____________the climate. The closer it is to the poles, the _____________. Thus, it is clear that there is a relationship between the latitude of a place and the climate it experiences. 1. Which of the following describes a longitude? A. Its reference point starts at the equator. B. It is an imaginary line that runs from east to west. C. It is an imaginary line that runs from north to south. D. It is a horizontal line that divides the earth into north and south hemispheres. 4. What do you call the opposite longitude of prime meridian? A. Equator B. Latitude C. Meridian D. Antemeridian 5. Which of the following does NOT describe the lines of longitude? I. It does not meet at the poles II. Lines are not parallel to each other. III. Parallel to the equator and to each other. IV. Form circles that are smaller at the poles. V. It does not form circles and it meets at the poles. A. II and V only C. I, III and IV only B. II and IV only D. I, II, III, IV and V 6. Which of the following statements BEST describe the lines of longitude? I. Lines do not form circles II. Lines meet at the poles III. Lines have the same length IV. Lines are not parallel to each other. A. I, II, III, IV C. I, II and IV only B. I, II, and III only D. I, III and IV only 7. Which of the following statements does NOT describe prime meridian and antemeridian? I. Longitude 180°represents the antemeridian. II. The Prime Meridian and longitude 180° are on the same side of the world. III. Like the Prime Meridian, longitude 180° represents the boundary of the eastern hemisphere and western hemisphere. IV. Starting at the Prime Meridian, moving 180 degrees to the east or to the west brings you to longitude 180° A. II only B. II and III only C. III and IV only D. I, III and IV only Directions: Read the paragraph carefully and identify the correct word that fits in the blank in each sentence. Choose your answer from the words inside the box. existed millions of years ago. Coal, crude oil, natural gas, and other fossil fuels are nonrenewable because it will take millions of years for dead plants and animals to turn into fossil fuels. 1. When traveling for very short distances, which of the following is the best way to conserve resources? A. Driving a car B. Using a bicycle C. Riding a public vehicle D. Asking free lift from others _____________ are the things that we can find in our environment that we use to meet our needs. These resources are not made by humans or any scientific experiments inside the laboratories but instead they exist in nature. Natural resources come in two types. _____________ are the materials that can be replaced easily when used while _____________ are natural resources that once consumed, cannot be replaced. The foods that we eat come from plants and animals. When we consume the plants around us, these plants can be replaced by planting them again after each harvest. We also eat animals. But animals grow and reproduce new ones. The young animals that are born replenished the animals that were consumed. Therefore, plants and animals are renewable resources because they can be replaced in a short amount of time. Aside from the fertile and arable lands in the Philippines, our country is recognized as the fifth mineral-rich country in the world, third in gold reserves, fourth in copper, and fifth in nickel. Our location in the _________________ accounts for this bounty. It is called the Ring of Fire because there is a continuing movement of very hot ______________ or molten materials under the ground. The countries included in the Pacific Ring of Fire is home to approximately 75% of the world’s active ______________. The heat within the Earth causes rocks and other materials to melt forming magma. When magma rises during volcanic eruptions, some of the magma does not reach the surface of the Earth but instead slowly cools and hardens, forming different kinds of igneous rocks. With favorable temperature and pressure conditions, the rocks containing metals melt and redeposit, eventually forming ______________. Moreover, our geological conditions also provide us with high potential for renewable energy resources such as __________________ (energy from the sun), geothermal energy (energy harnessed from heat within the Earth), ________________ (energy derived from fast-flowing water), wind energy (energy generated from wind), and biomass (energy from decomposition of organic wastes). These renewable energy resources serve as the alternative resources for the commonly used nonrenewable energy resources such as coal, crude oil, natural gas, and other _______________. These are formed from the geologic deposits of decayed plants and animals that 2. The following natural resources should require strict conservation, EXCEPT A. coal B. metals C. natural gas D. solar energy 3. The manner of using natural resources without being completely used up or destroyed to maintain ecological balance is referred to as ___________. A. availability B. biodiversity C. productivity D. sustainability 4. Which of the following human activities will result in negative impacts on the environment? A. Burning fossil fuels B. Reusing paper bags C. Recycling plastic bottles D. Using food waste as organic fertilizers 5. What would likely happen if we use fossil fuels more rapidly than they are formed? A. The supply of fossil fuels will stay the same. B. The supply of fossil fuels will eventually run out. C. The supply of fossil fuels will increase in later time. D. The supply of fossil fuels will replenish more quickly. 1. The leather industry uses skins or hides of cows, goats, and sheep to create leather products such as shoes, bags, and apparels. The raw materials used for these products are examples of ______________. A. nonrenewable B. recyclable C. renewable D. reusable 2. Which of the following materials can be replenished in a short amount of time after being used? A. Metals B. Crude oil C. Fossil fuels D. Cardboards 3. Water, plants, and animals are some of the things that we gather from our environment to sustain our needs. What is the best description of these things? A. Nature’s gift B. Living things C. Nonliving things D. Natural resources 4. Materials or natural resources that take millions of years to be replenished once consumed entirely are called _____________. A. nonrenewable B. recyclable C. renewable D. reusable 5. Which of the following is NOT correctly matched? A. Paper: Renewable B. Crude oil: Renewable C. Leather bag: Renewable D. Aluminum: Nonrenewable 6. Which pair of materials takes long years before they can be replenished? A. Trees and crops B. Plants and animals C. Metals and minerals D. Corals and seashells 7. What do you call the natural resource produced from the remains of decayed plants and animals that have existed millions of years ago? A. Biomass B. Fertilizer C. Fossil fuel D. Organic waste 8. Electricity can be produced by generators that are powered by the kinetic energy of flowing water. What kind of energy is being described? A. Hydropower B. Geothermal C. Solar energy D. Wind energy 9. Which of the following lists includes ALL renewable energy resources? A. Solar, coal, natural gas B. Crude oil, hydropower, wind C. Hydropower, solar, geothermal D. Natural gas, crude oil, biomass 10. Among the statements given below, which CORRECTLY describes fossil fuels? I. Coal, oil, and natural gas are fossil fuels. II. Fossil fuels are nonrenewable resources, hence they cannot be replenished easily. III. It takes millions of years for the remains of plants and animals to turn into fossil fuels. IV. Fossil fuels are renewable resources formed from the decomposition of organic waste of animals. A. II and IV only B. I, II, and III only C. I, II, and IV only D. I, II, III, and IV Directions: Read the paragraph below. Choose the word that best fits the sentences to complete the paragraph. We need to use our natural resources responsibly. ______________ is the practice of using these resources ______________ without ____________ them or using them up completely so that these resources will be able to support the needs of the present and future generations. There are many ways each of us can help to ensure that we have ____________ natural resources. Reducing waste, reusing materials instead of throwing them away, ______________, composting, and _____________ are some of the many ways that we need to practice. However, as the human population grows, our needs also increase. Forests have been cleared and transformed for urban use. Trees are also cut down for lumber and to build houses which resulted in the ____________ of habitats of animals. Deforestation also leads to soil erosion. To make this sustainable, new seedlings should be planted in deforested areas and reduce the number of trees being cut down. ______________ is the practice of planting new trees in areas that have been depleted. Burning of fossil fuels contributes to air pollution and produces _____________ and other greenhouse gasses which can trap heat in our atmosphere contributing to ______________ and climate change. Pollution in bodies of water is also widespread. Instead of throwing plastics and other wastes in rivers, recycling these materials and creating arts and crafts will make them sustainable. Organic wastes can be used for composting and eventually be added to soil to help plants grow. Directions: Complete the sentences below by choosing from the pool of words given in the box. Earth is surrounded by a blanket of air called ______________. It is a mixture of _______________. The most abundant gas found in the atmosphere is _____________. There are _____________ layers in the atmosphere namely: _____________, stratosphere, _____________________, ____________________, ________________. The two factors that are considered in determining the layers of the atmosphere are _________________ and _______________. The atmosphere has vital roles for us. First, it _________________ us from dangerous ____________________ from the Sun through the ___________________ layer. Second, it contains the ___________________ we breathe. Lastly, it makes Earth “livable” by regulating solar energy or the energy coming from the sun which drives all life processes on Earth. Because of the atmosphere, earth is not “too hot” nor “too cold” to sustain ______________. 1. What do you call a mixture of gasses and particles that surround a planet, held by gravity? A. Atmosphere B. Blanket C. Greenhouse D. Ozone 2. What layer of the atmosphere that starts just above the troposphere and extends to about 50 km? A. Exosphere B. Mesosphere C. Stratosphere D. Thermosphere 3. In which atmospheric layer is Aurora borealis found? A. Troposphere B. Stratosphere C. Mesosphere D. Thermosphere 4. What is the most abundant element in the Earth's atmosphere? A. Argon B. Carbon dioxide C. Nitrogen D. Oxygen 5. Which of the following is considered to be the coldest layer? A. Ionosphere B. Mesosphere C. Stratosphere D. Thermosphere 6. What is meant by ‘trace’ gasses? A. They are not harmful. B. They are emitted by trees. C. They are naturally occurring on Earth. D. They are present in very small amounts. 7. What is the basis for the division of the layers of the atmosphere? A. Changing temperature B. Changing amount of oxygen C. Changing weather patterns D. Changing composition of gasses 8. Why do hikers put on thicker clothes when climbing high mountains? A. To protect them against insect bites B. To survive the low temperature as they go higher C. To be easily be located when they get lost D. To add more weight so they will not be pushed by the wind 9. What is the correct order of Earth's atmospheric layers from bottom to top? A. Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Troposphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere B. Stratosphere, Troposphere, Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Exosphere C. Troposphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere D. Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere 10. Which of the following statements is/are true about the ozone layer? I. It is found in the stratosphere. II. It is made up of three oxygen atoms. III. It blocks UV rays from getting to Earth. IV. It prevents meteors from getting to Earth. A. I, II and III only B. I, II and IV only C. I, III and IV only D. II, III and IV only 1. Which of the following gasses is released by animals as a waste product of digestion that can contribute to global warming? A. Methane B. Nitrogen C. Carbon Dioxide D. Chlorofluorocarbon 2. Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas? A. Methane B. Chlorine C. Nitrous Oxide D. Carbon Dioxide 3. Which of the following activities contributes the most to carbon emissions globally? A. Agriculture B. Respiration C. Deforestation D. Burning fossil fuels 4. Which of the following may happen to planet Earth without the greenhouse effect? A. It will die. B. It will stay normal. C. It will become warm. D. It will become very cold. 5. In the past, refrigerators, aerosol spray, propellants and solvents were all sources of greenhouse gas. What do you call these gasses? A. Methane B. Nitrous Oxide C. Carbon Dioxide D. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) 6. What do you call the certain gasses in the atmosphere such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide which help maintain the Earth’s temperature? A. Solar gasses B. Ozone gasses C. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) D. Greenhouse gasses 7. Why is Ozone important to life on Earth? A. It provides all the oxygen to Earth. B. It reflects all the ultraviolet radiation of the sun. C. It absorbs all the heat that comes up from the Earth. D. It protects the Earth’s atmosphere and life on Earth from harmful radiant energy emitted by the sun. 8. What happened to the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over the past 200 years? A. Decreased slightly B. Increased steadily C. Stayed about the same D. Increased until recently and then decreased 9. How does the increase in carbon dioxide cause global warming? A. It reflects more sunlight from clouds. B. It traps more heat in the atmosphere. C. It reduces the amount of oxygen in the air. D. It allows more sunlight into the atmosphere. 10. Which of the following are the best things to do to help slow down global warming? I. Use energy efficiently at home. II. Participate in tree planting activities. III. Continue using the single use plastics. IV. Practice the 5Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Repair and Recover). V. Promote the use of CFCs in the refrigerators and aerosol sprays. A. I and II only C. I, IV and V only B. II and IV only D. I, II and IV only Directions: Read each item below and fill in the blank to make the sentence correct. Choose your answer inside the box. 1. The warm air _________ when it is heated. 2. The movement of the surrounding air is affected by the rising ___________. 3. The air___________ when it is heated. 4. The warm air is ____________than cold air. 5. The direction of air is from an area of _________ pressure to _________ pressure. Directions: Fill in the missing word/phrase in the following statements in order to make it correct. Choose your answer inside the box. 1. The wind always blows from an area with ___________ to an area with ___________. 2. Land breeze is the movement of air from ___________ towards ____________while sea breeze is from _________ towards ____________. 3. Northeast monsoon is also known as ______________. 4.___________ is characterized by slight to moderate rainfall in the Philippines during the months of December to February. 5. The movement of wind in our environment is caused by___________ temperature of air between land and water. Directions: Read the paragraph carefully and identify the correct word(s) that fit in the given sentences in the box below. 2. The earth makes one _______ every 24 hours. A. orbit B. revolution C. rotation D.tilt 3. The Earth makes one revolution around the sun in about how many days? A. 1 day B. 24 days C. 365 days D. 635 days The Earth rotates on its _______________. Earth's axis is tilted ____________________. Because of this tilt and Earth's _______________ around the Sun, there is a time when Earth's poles, namely ____________________ and ___________________ are facing toward or away from the Sun. Earth's rotation causes __________________. Daytime for any given location on Earth occurs when it is facing _________________ the Sun. Night time occurs as that location on Earth is facing _________________ the Sun. Everyday, the ____________________ in the part of the Earth where you live changes. When the North pole is facing toward the sun, days are __________________ in the summer and __________________ in the winter. 4. The earth takes one _____ to move around the sun. A. day B. minute C. month D. year 5. What is an imaginary line through the center of the earth around which the earth rotates? A. axis B. gravity C. orbit D. speed 6. What do you call the point on Earth’s orbit when the Earth is closest to the sun? A. Aphelion B. Astronomical C. Orbital D. Perihelion 7. What effect does the tilting of the earth cause? A. When the earth is tilted away from the sun we have day. B. When the earth is tilted away from the sun we have night. C. It changes the angle when the sun strikes the earth in different land areas. D. It causes the earth to be farther away from the sun at different times of the year. 8. When it is summer in the southern hemisphere, which of the following best describes the tilting of the Earth in the northern hemisphere? A. towards the sun B. away from the sun C. towards or away from the sun D. neither toward or away from the sun 9. Which motion do the arrows in the diagram represent? A. Sun’s rotation C. Sun’s revolution 1. What is the force that keeps the earth from moving straight into space? A. axis B. gravity C. orbit D. speed B. Earth’s rotation D. Earth’s revolution 10. The sun’s height is at the maximum when it is directly overhead at solar noon. What do you call the location on Earth where this occurs? A. Aphelion B. Equinox C. Perihelion D. Sub solar point 11.Which of the following best describe solstices? A. The earth is closest to the sun. B. The Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun. C. The direction of the tilt and the direction of the sun are perpendicular. D. The point in the orbit of maximum axial tilt toward or away from the sun 4. What happens during equinox? A. The length of day and night is equal. B. The length of day and night is not the same. C. The sunlight is lesser at the other hemisphere than the other. D. The sunlight is greater at the other hemisphere than the other. 12.Where would direct rays from the sun hit in June? A. At the North and South poles B. Mostly in the Northern Hemisphere C. Mostly in the Southern Hemisphere D. Both Northern and Southern hemispheres 5. What do you call the changing of weather due to varied amounts of sunlight? A. Eclipse B. Revolution C. Rotation D. Seasons 13.Where would direct rays from the sun hit in December? A. At the North and South poles B. Mostly in the Northern Hemisphere C. Mostly in the Southern Hemisphere D. Both Northern and Southern hemispheres 14. How long does it take the Earth to complete one revolution around the sun? I. 1 month 6. At which latitude can the sun be observed directly overhead during summer solstice? A. 23.5° N B. 33.5° N C.42° N D. 66.5° N 7. A person is facing his shadow at noon. What direction is he facing? A. East B. North C. South D. West II. 30 days III. 365 days IV. 1 Year A. I and II C. III and IV B. III only D. IV only 15.What is the Earth’s orbit? I. The path of Earth around the Sun. II. One full spin of Earth around its axis III. The movement of Earth around the Sun. A. I only B. II only C. III only D. Neither I, II, III 1. What are the two seasons in the Philippines? A. Rainy and Dry B. Rainy and Fall C. Dry and Winter D. Summer and Winter 2. In the month of June, which area receives more direct rays from the sun? A. North Pole B. South Pole C. Temperate Zone D. Equatorial Region 3. When it is summer in the southern hemisphere, which of the following BEST describes the tilting of the Earth in the northern hemisphere? A. Towards the sun B. Away from the sun C. Towards or away from the sun D. Toward or away from the moon 8. Seasonal changes on Earth are primarily caused by the _______________. A. elliptical shape of Earth’s orbit around the Sun B. changes in distance between Earth and the Sun C.tilt of the Earth’s axis as Earth revolves around the Sun D. parallelism of the Sun’s axis as the Sun revolves around Earth 9. Because the Earth rotates on its axis, in what direction does the sun seem to rise? A. East B. North C. South D. West 10. Very cold climates occur at Earth’s North and South Poles because the polar regions __________________. A. receive low- angle insolation B. are usually farthest from the equator C. receive the most hours of daylight D. absorb the greatest amount of insolation Directions: Read and identify the correct word inside the box that fits in the given sentences in the box below. ________1. Its shape is an oblate spheroid. ________2. It is an important reference point for navigation and geography. ________3. These lines on a globe runs from east to west. ________4. This area experiences summer from October to February during this time, the sun is almost always in the sky. ________5. It is the pole found in the globe that receives less solar energy around June. ________6. This is the parallel of latitude that runs 66.56083 degrees north to the Equator. ________7. It is the southernmost latitude where the sun can be seen directly overhead at noon. ________8. This circle of latitude contains the sub-solar point at the December solstice. ________9. The hemisphere receives less sunlight experiences__________. _______10. The hemisphere receives more sunlight experiences__________. Directions: Read the paragraph carefully and identify the correct words that fit in the given sentences in the box below. ___________ is the result when the light is blocked by an opaque object. when the Sun is lowest in the sky, it makes the ____________ shadows. Shadows are formed when an ____________ object comes in the path of light or an object or material is placed in the path of rays of light. Shadow formation is affected by the types of materials the light hits. An opaque material makes a ___________ shadow. A translucent material makes a ____________ shadow and a ___________ material cannot make any shadow. A solar eclipse only happens during ____________ as the Moon moves between the sun and the earth. However, if the Sun, the earth and the moon are not aligned, eclipses will ____________ happen. There are two types of shadows formed during eclipses called the umbra and penumbra. _____________ is a part of a shadow in which all light has been blocked, while ____________ is when only a part of the light is blocked so the light is dimmed but not totally absent. Solar eclipse is one spectacular astronomical phenomenon we experience but viewing this phenomenon using our naked eye is not advisable because of its ____________ effect in the human eye. Let us follow ___________ measures; do not stare directly at the ___________. We may use special-purpose solar filters, such as eclipse glasses or handheld solar viewers or you may make a ____________ by poking a hole in a piece of paper and project an image of the sun onto another paper to view the eclipse.
