CAUSE PROBLEM Inadequate solid waste disposal and management practices are one of the main environmental issues that developing countries are dealing with. Solid waste has been a serious environmental concern since the industrial revolution. (Pulp and Paper Technology, 2023). Today, waste masses are a regular sight. Thrown trash is everywhere in the form of decaying mounds that litter our landscape, contaminate our rivers, and contaminate our wells and lakes. Trash has very successfully crossed the urban-rural barrier, such that even the notion of a tidy village is no longer realistic. As defined by the World Health Organization, solid waste is any kind of garbage, trash, refuse, or waste material. It can be divided into different categories depending on where the garbage is produced, such as municipal solid waste, health care waste, and e-waste. Municipal solid garbage production exceeds 2 billion tons annually. It can be divided into three categories including its place of origin, which involves residential, industrial, commercial, building, or institutional; materials which can be organic, glass, metal, plastic, paper, etc.; and potential for hazards, either it is infectious, radioactive, poisonous, flammable, non-toxic, etc. Depending on the biodegradability, solid wastes can be also classified as: Biodegradable those that bacteria and other microorganisms can break down (decompose) into their component parts. The primary biodegradable wastes include food waste, manures, and crop waste. Methane gas may develop if the breakdown process is carried out anaerobically (without the presence of air). Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that, in the presence of an ignition source (such an electrical spark), can ignite if enough of it builds up and it is there. In addition to unpleasant scents, the decomposition may also cause them. Non-biodegradable also known as inorganic, do not break down due to microbial activity. Plastic bags, scrap metal, food and beverage cans, and plastic containers are some of these wastes. According to whether or not they would burn, materials in solid wastes can also be categorized as combustible or non-combustible. The Philippines produces far more trash than can be managed by its solid waste management system. With a population of over 100 million, the Philippines produces more than 21 million metric tons of trash each year. The weighted average per capita generation for the nation is 0.4 kilograms, or about half a kilo. Considering the Philippines has generated a total of 21,4265,676 metric tons of trash as of the anticipated 2020 garbage last year. With an estimated population of more than 12 million, the National Capital Region (NCR) is the largest creator of trash. Valdez (2023), in her report highlighted legally required requirements about these trash diverting practice solid waste management goal, materials recovery facilities, 10-year plan, and disposal facility—all of which continue to be badly followed, especially by LGUs. Waste diversion, according to her definition, is the practice of reducing or eliminating the volume or amount of solid waste produced by waste facilities. According to Section 20 of RA 9003, which mandates the establishment of mandatory solid waste diversion, each LGU plan must include an implementation schedule outlining how the LGU will divert at least 25% of all solid waste from waste disposal facilities through reuse, recycling, and composting initiatives as well as other resource recovery activities within five years of the law's implementation. There are many factors that increase the development of solid trash. These variables are subject to regional variation and are impacted by social, economic, and cultural factors. Listed below are some frequent reasons: (McAllister, 2015). Rising industrial production Solid waste output can definitely be significantly influenced by rising industrial production. Industrial production entails the mass production and processing of items, which frequently results in the creation of trash. As an unavoidable result of their industrial processes, industries frequently produce garbage. These leftover raw materials, packaging components, and byproducts or emissions from chemical reactions or other industrial operations can all be included in this garbage. Population growth and trash generation The amount of garbage generated by people and communities also rises as the world's population continues to rise. Consumption has increased as a result of the growing population and the resulting demand for products and services. Urbanization More individuals moving to cities and other densely populated places generally coincides with population expansion. Due to their dense population, increased economic activity, and more affluent consumer habits, urban regions typically produce more garbage. Inadequate waste management systems Inadequate collection, incorrect disposal, and a lack of facilities for recycling and composting, can increase the amount of solid waste. This is especially common in resourceconstrained areas or developing nations. Lack of knowledge and education Rise in the production of solid waste may be caused by a lack of understanding of suitable waste management techniques. Lack of knowledge about composting, recycling, and the effects of garbage on the environment may lead to poor disposal practices. In this study, solid wastes particularly the agricultural wastes are being investigated. The foundation of the global economy, and a key factor in ensuring human survival, is agriculture. (Plastic Exp, n.d.). Agricultural waste has, however, significantly increased along with the growth in agricultural productivity. There is significant environmental degradation as a result of the inappropriate treatment and disposal of organic waste and solid waste produced by agricultural activities. Solid wastes from crop production are primarily generated from agricultural activities that involve crop production. Such agricultural solid wastes include things like crop leftovers and husks. (Saleh, 2020). Both organic and inorganic components are included in agricultural waste. In contrast to inorganic trash, which includes plastic, chemical containers, and other items used in farming, organic wastes include crop remnants, manure, and other plant and animal byproducts. The vast amount of agricultural waste produced annually is a big reason for concern owing to the possible harm it can do to the environment. The nutritional value and appealing properties of biodegradable garbage are being concentrated on to enable to produce various kinds of products that can be utilised. Agricultural operations typically involve the preparation, production, storage, processing, and consumption of agricultural products, livestock, and their byproducts, all of which generates agricultural waste. (Saleh, 2020). The primary cause of the production of agricultural solid waste is farming activities. Every stage of farming activities, from clearing the land to harvesting the crops, produces agricultural waste. Solid waste is produced during the entire process, from setting up the pen for the animals to arrive at the farm to setting up the pasture or paddock until the animals are killed and sold. Another way to produce a lot of agricultural solid waste is through a poor road system for moving harvested goods from the farm to the market or storage. This occurs mostly as a result of the poor road infrastructure in some developing nations, which could cause a traffic accident or delay the transportation of agricultural products from farms to markets. Solid garbage production is also a result of inadequate electricity or a lack of rural electrification. The ability to store the harvested produce in the cold would have made it easier to prevent spoiling, which would have reduced agricultural solid wastes. One further significant source of agricultural solid wastes is food spoilage. An estimated 40% of food is lost or wasted every year in the US alone. The Natural Resources Defense Council has predicted that this waste will cost around 162 billion dollars. Solid waste from agriculture produced in the kitchen from family consumption is typically the outcome of agricultural activity. Typically, there is some creation of agricultural solid waste associated with family use of agricultural products. These wastes are created in some cases for practical reasons. For instance, many families dump orange peels and banana peels as agricultural solid wastes. EFFECTS Effects of poor solid waste management Waste as in general is causing environmental pollution on earth surface, water, and air. (Gond, 2020). According to Goyol (2021), environmental impacts from poor waste management are numerous. It hurts a nation's total economy in addition to having an unpleasant outcome. Animals that depend on the environment, in addition to humans, are also affected by the harm. The production and improper management of garbage pose a serious hazard to the air, water, and land. There are numerous methods for managing garbage, including energy conservation, recycling, biological processing, and burning. But our ineffective waste management still causes problems. 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