12
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
BUSINESS FINANCE
Quarter 4 – Module 4
Managing Personal Finance
Business Finance – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 4: Managing Personal Finance
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand
names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to
use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and
authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Angelica G. Zambrano
Editor: Gwen A. Galvez / Mariesol M. Dayupay
Reviewer: Salvador G. Aguilar Jr
Layout Artist: Neil A. Bontigao
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V
Elisa L. Baguio, Ed.D.
Joelyza M. Arcilla Ed.D., CESE
Rosela R. Abiera
Marcelo K. Palispis, JD, Ed.D.
Maricel S. Rasid
Nilita L. Ragay, Ed.D.
Elmar L. Cabrera
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental
Office Address:
Tele #:
E-mail Address:
Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental
(035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
12
Business Finance
Quarter 4 – Module 4
Managing Personal
Finance
I
Learning Competencies:
Illustrate the money management cycle and give examples of sound practices in
earning, saving, and investing money (ABM_BF12-IVo-p-27)
OBJECTIVES
K: Describe the ways of managing personal finance using the
money management cycle;
S: Create a personal financial plan and;
A: Discuss on the importance of managing personal finance in a
given situation.
2
I
Pre-assessment
Multiple Choice. Read carefully and answer the questions below. Write the letter of your
correct answer in your notebook.
1. Which financial institution accepts deposits from individuals and provide loans?
A. Financial institution
B. Depository institutions
C. Lending institutions
D. Bank deposits
2. Financial Institutions that accept deposits and use the funds to provide commercial
and personal loans.
A. Commercial banks
B. Central bank
C. Lending institution
D. None of these
3. An Organization that collects and stores credit information about individual
borrowers.
A. Credit bureau
B. Depository bank
C. Lending institution
D. Non-commercial bank
4. Spending 70% of the money you make, saving 20% and investing 10%
A. 10-20-70 rule
B. 20-10-70 rule
C. 70-20-10 rule
D. None of the above
5. The following are the general requirements for long-term loan application except
A. Proof of income.
B. Valid Identification.
C. Collateral.
D. All of the above.
6. Which of the following is an investment?
A. Car
B. House.
C. Shares in a company.
D. All of the above.
3
7. For which of the following should you save?
A. Purchases
B. Wealth building
C. Emergency fund
D. None of the above
8. Which of these is not a key to saving money?
A. Spend money.
B. Making saving a habit.
C. Your income.
D. Self- discipline.
9. Which of the following is the reason why people do not save money?
A. They lack discipline.
B. They lack focus.
C. They do not live on a budget.
D. All of these
10. Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic reasons for saving money?
A. Emergency fund
B. Large purchases
C. Have money available to lend to friends.
D. Build wealth.
11. What is compounding interest?
A. Interest that is not calculated on a regular basis.
B. Interest gained only on the principal amount.
C. Interest added to the principal amount.
D. Interest that doubled the principal amount
12. Opportunity cost is the value of money you pass up for another investment
opportunity.
A. True
C. Neither A or B is correct
B. False
D. None of these
13. ROI percentages is helpful when comparing investments.
A. True
C. Neither A or B is correct
B. False
D. None of these
14. Equity investors make money by selling an investment for more than what they paid
for it.
A. True
C. Neither A or B is correct
B. False
D. None of these
15. A mutual fund is an option which allows you to pull money and invest in a portfolio
with other investors.
A. True
C. Neither A or B is correct
B. False
D. None of these
4
’s In
Task 1
In our past lesson, we studied about personal finance philosophies. Let us see how far can you
apply those philosophies by briefly explaining the following statements below. Write your
answer in your notebook.
1. Budgeting makes people smart with money.
2. You are responsible for your own wealth.
Scoring Rubric: (Highest Possible Score = 20 points)
Criteria
FOCUS
(The single
controlling point
made with an
awareness of task
about a specific
topic)
CONTENT
(The presence of
ideas developed)
ORGANIZATION
(The order developed
and sustained)
LANGUAGE/
STRUCTURE
Scale
5
Sharp distinct
controlling point
made about the
topic
with
evident
awareness of task.
3
Apparent point
made about the
topic , sufficient
of task.
2
No apparent
point but
with
evidence
about the
topic
1
Minimal
evidence of
the topic
Substantial specific
and/or illustrative
content
demonstrating
strong development
and sophisticated
ideas.
Sophisticated
arrangement of
content with evident
and/or subtle
transitions.
Sufficiently
developed content
with adequate
elaboration or
explanation.
Limited
content with
inadequate
elaboration
or
explanation.
Superficial
and/or
minimal
content
Functional
arrangement of
content that
sustains a logical
order with some
evidence of
transitions.
Confused or
inconsistent
arrangement
of content
with or
without
attempts at
transition.
Minimal
control of
content
arrangements
Makes few errors in the
use of verbs, noun,
choice of words but do
not hinder
comprehensibility
Makes several errors
in structure but do not
affect overall
comprehensibility
Makes several
errors that
interfere overall
comprehensibili
ty
Makes
utterances that
are so brief that
there is little
evidence of
structure and
comprehensibili
ty is impeded.
5
’s New
Task 2
Scenario
Imagine that you win 20 million from lottery. How are you going to manage the
amount you had won? Create a lifelong plan to guide all of your investing and spending
decisions. Use the matrix below to organize your thoughts then answer the succeeding
question.
Investing /Spending Strategies
Amount
Example : Buy a car
1,000,000
Question:
1. Which among the investing/spending strategies you listed above you think is most
practical? Justify your answer.
6
is It
Money Management in Personal Finance
Money management refers to the processes of budgeting, saving, investing, spending,
or otherwise overseeing the capital usage of an individual or group. The term can also refer
more narrowly to investment management and portfolio management.
Money management broadly refers to the process utilized to record and administer an
individual’s, household’s, or organization’s finances. Poor money management can lead to
cycles of debt and financial strain.
This process can be seen in Figure 1, where money management will start with the
“earning stage” where an individual will make a list of his / her earnings. Next is to identify
its “spending” pattern in which the individual will make a list of all the necessary
expenditures (needs) so it can be deducted to its gross income. After deducting the necessary
expenditures from the gross income, the remaining portion will go to “savings”. The last
stage will be “investing”, in which he / she will choose which investment type will he / she
will use. This cycle represents a continuous process in which will make your personal finance
are well controlled and monitored.
Earning /
Income
generating
Investing
Spending
Saving
Figure 1. Money management cycle.
.
7
Money management can be proactive with periodic or regular financial planning. It
can also be reactive to specific events without intuitive planning in advance.
“Money management provides you with a 360-degree view of your financial picture
while applying key financial disciplines to help you overcome the obstacles to wealth. With a
clear purpose for your money and sound money management principles behind it, you are in
much more control of your financial destiny.” 1
As a result of different ages, lifestyles, family structures, and many other factors,
financial plans for individuals are different. However, the fundamental principles of budgeting
can be commonly shared. For example, one simple method of personal budgeting is the “5020-30 Budget Rule.”
The 50-20-30 Budget Rule suggests an individual spends 50% of their after-tax
income on essential expenditures. The essentials include house mortgages or rents,
transportation, groceries, utilities, and so on. 30% of their income should be spent on the
things that the person wants. It can include expenses on partying with friends, movie tickets,
and vacations. The remaining 20% should be saved or invested for future financial goals.
Money management with intuitive planning and budgeting helps to reduce inessential
expenditures. Such expenditures do not add value to an individual’s living standards. They
can be saved or invested for better use in the future. Money management also lowers the risk
of running out of money. It helps individuals to achieve their financial goals in the long term.
Personal financial management is a daunting and continuous task that can cause even
the most economically savvy individual to become confused or short-sighted.
Indeed, in a world where assets and investments move quickly and we link our bank
accounts to innumerable services and make purchases with the touch of a button, financial
management is a trickier concept than ever before.
To make the most of the money at your disposal requires constant awareness and
strategic thinking.
How do we manage personal finances?
Assess Your Financial Situation
Determining one's net worth is an important element of managing personal finances.
By assessing net worth, it is possible to place a monetary value on one's financial situation.
1
The Importance of Money Management. Retrieved from: https://dechtmanwealth.com/the-importance-ofmoneymanagement/#:~:text=Money%20management%20provides%20you%20with,control%20of%20your%20financi
al%20destiny.
8
Create a Budget
To manage personal finances effectively, it will require creating a budget. A budget is
a good way to set financial priorities like saving for retirement or a vacation and managing
debt.
Choose a Bank that is Right for You
It is important to choose a bank that will help you accomplish your financial goals. Be
aware that some banks charge more fees for some services than other banks. For example, a
number of banks charge fees for account maintenance, teller services, ATM usage, overdraft
protection, and online bill paying. Many banks offer zero-liability protection for fraudulent
charges made on a debit card.
Pay Taxes
Paying taxes on time is an important part of managing personal finances. If selfemployed, it may be necessary to pay estimated taxes throughout the year. Filing a tax return
by the deadline will avoid the payment of costly penalties. Taxpayers that are unable to file a
tax return on time can obtain an extension. The extension, however, does not extend the time
allowed to actually pay the taxes owed.
Manage Debt
It is important to take control of debt. Although most people have some kind of debt,
such as a car loan or a mortgage, high interest debt can lead to disastrous consequences. To
get control over debt, an individual can sell investments, negotiate with a creditor to repay the
debt in a payment plan, or file for bankruptcy.
Keeping debt low is also an important component of an individual's credit score. While
making payments on time is the most crucial factor, the second most critical factor is the total
amount of debt owed. A debtor can improve a credit score by paying down debt and by
refraining from incurring any more debt.
Invest Your Money
Part of financial management includes a plan to generate income from investments.
Investing is a good way to generate income through compound interest and capital gains.
Investments, however, only make sense when an individual is debt-free or has a small amount
of debt at a low interest rate. Depending on the level of risk that is personally acceptable,
investment choices include certificates of deposit (CDs), bonds, mutual funds, real estate,
commodities, stocks, and business ventures.
Plan for Retirement
Planning for retirement is essential to ensuring a comfortable life in the future.
Investing in an employer-sponsored retirement plan like a 401(k) is a good way to save for the
future, reduce tax liability, and earn tax-deferred growth. Some employers will even match
contributions.
9
Plan for When You Die
Estate planning is another essential aspect of managing personal finances. A will can
ensure that property and cash are dispersed to the appropriate heirs. An individual with minor
children will also want to use a will to appoint a guardian to care for their children if they die.
Also, consider using a living trust to designate property to specific beneficiaries. A
living trust is beneficial because it is not subject to probate and can reduce estate taxes.
Financial plans of an individual depend on his financial objectives that are very much affected
by the stage he is at in an individual life cycle.
1. Accumulation Phase
Those who have just started working or in the early part of their respective careers.
Typical assets that any individual or household acquires in this stage include their own car or
house. It is also in this stage that individuals start separating from their parents.
Because of their acquisition of cars and houses, individuals at this stage also start
incurring liabilities in the form of car and home mortgages which are typically paid over a
long-time horizon.
2. Consolidation Phase
Those in this phase already have the necessary assets required of a typical household
and have settled most of their outstanding liabilities. Family objectives are fulfilled such as
family vacations and purchase of luxury goods, provide children’s education and daily
allowances.
Investments of moderate risk are taken by these individuals since they still have a
longer time horizon before retirement yet not willing to venture on too risky investments
since it will be hard for them to start all over again.
People in this phase need to consolidate and preserve much of the assets they
accumulated throughout the years since they also want to prepare ahead for future
retirement.
3. Spending Phase
Retired individuals belong to this phase. Their main source of income comes from
their pension although they also benefit the returns of their existing investments. Capital
preservation is the main return objective with the intention of earning more than inflation to
protect the value of their investment. Insurance and financial institutions aid these retirees
determining the timing of receipts of the income generated from their insurance and pension
plans so that they do not spend much of it in a limited time span.
4. Gifting Phase
This stage focuses on how the individual provides support to the family members,
friends, or any charitable institution. The focus of the individual is consistent on how he
wants to allocate his wants to these beneficiaries in case of his death or even during his
remaining years.
10
’s More
Task 3
Read and understand the case below and provide what is being required. Write your answer
in your notebook.
Case Problem:
Interview at least four members in the household that belong to each of the phases
(accumulation, consolidation, spending, gifting) of the individual investor’s life cycle.
Summarize each of their respective responses using the matrix below:
Financial stage
Name of
interviewee
Age
Financial
status
Types of
investment
Significant
liabilities
Accumulation
Consolidation
Spending
Gifting
I Have Learned
Task 4
Direction: In your notebook or in a clean sheet of paper, provide what is being asked for
in each item below:
1. What are the ways of managing personal finances?
2. What are the four phases of personal financial life cycle? Explain the activities in each
phase.
3. What do you think is the importance of managing your own personal finance and in
using the money management process?
11
I Can Do
Task 5
Direction: Prepare the following task:
1. Using the money management process, you are to prepare a list of the four stages in the
cycle: Earning, spending, saving, and investing. Follow the instructions below then answer the
succeeding questions.
A. Identify your sources of funds, for example: allowance coming from your parents, etc.
B. List down all necessary expenditures.
C. Determine if you have excess funds available for savings and investment.
2. Prepare your personal budget plan for the week.
Use the format below:
Earning: Allowance / Other Funds Received
Less: Expenditures (list down below)
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
₱ ______________
₱__________
__________
__________
__________
(_____________)
₱ _______________
Excess / Shortage
Questions:
1. Where will you put the excess funds, if any? Explain briefly.
2. If the sources are not enough to cover for your expenditures, where do you get
additional financing? Explain briefly.
12
Rubric for Scoring
(Highest Possible Score= 20 points)
CRITERIA
SCORE
5 POINTS
FOCUS
(The single
controlling
point made
with an
awareness of
task about a
specific topic)
CONTENT
(The presence
of ideas
developed)
ORGANIZATI
ON
(The order
developed and
sustained)
LANGUAGE/
STRUCTURE
3 POINTS
2 POINTS
1 POINT
Sharp distinct
controlling point
made about the
topic
with evident
awareness of task.
Apparent point
made about the topic
, sufficient
of task.
No apparent point
but with evidence
about the topic
Minimal evidence
of the topic
Substantial specific
and/or illustrative
content
demonstrating
strong development
and sophisticated
ideas.
Sophisticated
arrangement of
content with evident
and/or subtle
transitions.
Sufficiently
developed content
with adequate
elaboration or
explanation.
Limited content
with inadequate
elaboration or
explanation.
Superficial and/or
minimal content
Functional
arrangement of
content that sustains
a logical order with
some evidence of
transitions.
Makes several errors
in structure but do
not affect overall
comprehensibility
Confused or
inconsistent
arrangement of
content with or
without attempts at
transition.
Makes several
errors that interfere
overall
comprehensibility
Minimal control of
content
arrangements
Makes few errors in
the use of verbs,
noun, choice of
words but do not
hinder
comprehensibility
13
Very little
evidence of
structure and
comprehensibility
is impeded.
A. Modified Identification
Direction: Choose your answer in each item from the box below. Write the letter of your
answer in your notebook.
A. Plan for retirement
B. Gifting Phase
C. Plan for when you die
D. Spending Phase
E. Manage debt
F. Assess your financial situation
G. Create a budget
H. Consolidation phase
I. Choose the right bank for you
J. Invest your money
K. Pay Taxes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Part of financial management includes a plan to generate income from investments.
Considering using a living trust to designate property to specific beneficiaries.
Determining one's net worth.
Sell investments, negotiate with a creditor to repay the debt in a payment plan.
A budget is a good way to set financial priorities like saving for retirement or a vacation
and managing debt.
6. Filing a tax return by the deadline will avoid the payment of costly penalties.
7. A right depository bank that will help you accomplish your financial goals.
8. Focuses on how the individual provides support to the family members, friends, or any
charitable institution.
9. Retired individuals belong to this phase.
10. Those in this phase already have the necessary assets required of a typical household and
have settled most of their outstanding liabilities.
B. Modified TRUE or FALSE
Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct. If the statement is incorrect, change
the underlined word to make it correct. Write your answer in your notebook or
in a clean sheet of paper.
1. Spending Phase focuses on how individuals provide support to family members,
friends, or charitable institution.
2. Financial status of an individual depends on his financial objectives that are very
much affected by the stage he is at in an individual life cycle.
3. Planning for retirement is essential to ensuring a comfortable life in the future.
4. During the accumulation phase, individuals start incurring liabilities in the form of car
and home mortgages which are typically paid over a long-time horizon.
5. Investments of moderate risk are taken by individuals who are in the spending phase
since they still have a longer time horizon before retirement.
14
Financial Life Cycle Task
List down at least three (3) different WANTS and NEEDS that you think are
appropriate for each of the above financial stages.
FINANCIAL STAGE
Accumulation Stage
NEEDS
1.
2.
3.
WANTS
1.
2.
3.
Consolidation Stage
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
Spending Stage
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
Gifting Stage
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
15
16
Task 1
1. b
2. a
3. a
4. c
5. d
6. c
7. d
8. a
9. d
10. c
11. a
12. a
13. a
14. a
15. a
Task 2
Answers may vary
Task 3
Answers may vary
Task 4
Answers may vary
Task 5
Answers may vary
Task 6
Answers may vary
Task 7
A. Matching Type
1. j
2. c
3. f
4. e
5. g
6. k
7. i
8. b
9. d
10. h
B. Modified True or False
1. gifting
2. plans
3. True
4. True
5. consolidation
References
Book
Arthur S, C. D. (2017). Business Finance. Manila: Rex Bookstore.
Websites
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5d8940f145ee66001a7a2e6c/saving-multiple-choice.
Retrieved on March 15, 2021
https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/credit-banking-finance/managing-personal-financesoverview.html
Retrieved on March 15, 2021
https://www.skillsyouneed.com/rhubarb/personal-financial-management.html
Retrieved on March 21, 2021
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/finance/money-management/
Retrieved on April 30, 2021
17
18