Given a database with (at least) a table service_request_xs. The first 10 rows of the service_request_xs table: req_id created_date agency_name complaint_type incident_zip req_status nyc_borough -------- ------------------- ----------- ----------------------------- ------------ ---------- ------------13206317 2015-10-01 00:00:00 DOHMH Rodent 11211 Assigned BROOKLYN 14291494 2015-10-01 00:00:00 DOHMH Rodent 10036 Closed MANHATTAN 15749776 2010-01-17 22:57:59 NYPD Noise - Residential 10466 Closed BRONX 16178965 2010-03-10 10:22:42 DOHMH Rodent 11238 Pending BROOKLYN 16350683 2010-03-31 11:21:00 DOT Street Light Condition NULL Closed NULL 16359281 2010-04-01 11:48:59 DOB General Construction/Plumbing 10002 Closed MANHATTAN 16864252 2010-06-14 08:32:19 DOB General Construction/Plumbing 10032 Closed MANHATTAN 17602477 2010-07-07 19:15:00 DEP Water System 11211 Closed BROOKLYN 18812685 2010-10-02 18:14:47 NYPD Blocked Driveway 11354 Closed QUEENS 19426376 2010-12-27 19:03:36 NYPD Noise - Residential 10025 Closed MANHATTAN Right now, the Open311 database is used only in San Francisco and Washington, DC, and it encompasses just basic quality-of-life complaints: potholes, garbage, vandalism, and so on. But Open311 intends to eventually serve as a national, universal 311 thatunlike New York's current system-can be added to and accessed by anyone. That means outside parties can develop new interfaces, both for reporting problems and for visualizing the data. "It's designed to be a write-once, run-everywhere platform," says OpenPlans program manager Philip Ashlock, using software terminology conventionally applied to operating systems. In the current 311 paradigm, each new city is the equivalent of a different OS, because the data is structured differently from place to place. But with Open311, an app built for San Francisco can be ported instantly to work in DC. Which of the DAMA Wheel components (data management areas) is most suited for laying the foundations for the initiative described above, and why? In order to satisfy a ‘write-once, run-everywhere’, a standardised data model is crucial. By apply data modelling principles, the initiative can define common data model for various complaints such as trash, noise, rodent, and more. It improved data quality, data usability and reduce redundancy by having a consistent model to follow. The standardise data model would also ensure that the data from different cities and regions can be stored, accessed, and processed in a uniform manner. It would establish a standardized structure for the data, enabling easy integration and interoperability between different systems and applications. State 3 metadata descriptions for the ‘created_date’ column that can be enforced/implemented by the DBMS managing actual data -Data type: The created_date column should be of the datetime data type. This will ensure that the values stored in the column are dates and times in a consistent format. -Not null: The created_date column should be marked as not null. This will prevent users from creating rows in the table without specifying a value for the created_date column. -Default value: The created_date column should have a default value of CURRENT_TIMESTAMP. This will ensure that all rows in the table have a value for the created_date column, even if the user does not specify one. 1. Volume: Big data is characterized by its large volume. This means that it can be difficult to store and process using traditional methods. 2. Velocity: Big data is often generated in real time or near real time. This means that it can be difficult to keep up with the data flow. 3. Variety: Big data can come from a variety of sources, including structured, semistructured, and unstructured data. This makes it difficult to unify and analyze the data. 4. Veracity: Big data can be inaccurate or incomplete. This can make it difficult to trust the data and draw accurate conclusions from it. 5. Value: Big data can be used to gain insights into customer behavior, improve decision-making, and identify new opportunities. This can lead to increased revenue, improved efficiency, and reduced costs. When the city’s Taxi and Limousine Commission installed television screens and credit card machines… Which of the Big Data dimensions is most relevant to this part of case study and why? Variety is the most relevant. Television screens can display various types of content, such as advertisements, news, entertainment, or informational messages. This introduces multimedia data, including images, videos, and potentially interactive elements, into the taxi system. The content displayed on the screens may come from different sources, such as media companies, advertisers, or city authorities. Credit card machines enable electronic payment transactions within taxis, generating financial transaction data. This includes customer payment information, transaction amounts, payment methods, and potentially additional metadata related to the transactions. The taxi system now deals with diverse data types including multimedia content & financial transaction data. This increases the variety of data that needs to be collected, processed, and analyzed. By making all complaints and queries public, these services let ordinary people detect emergent pattern.. Which of the Big data is most relevant to this part of the case study and why? The most relevant big data dimension to this part of the case study is Velocity. Velocity refers to the speed at which data is generated and processed. In the case of the public complaints and queries, the data is generated very quickly, as people are constantly submitting new complaints and queries. This high velocity of data generation allows ordinary people to detect emergent patterns, such as trends or correlations, that might not be visible if the data was generated more slowly. For example, if a large number of people are complaining about the same issue, this could be an indication of a systemic problem that needs to be addressed. By making all complaints and queries public, these services allow ordinary people to identify these problems and bring them to the attention of the authorities.
