ANALYZING ON STREET PARKING
DURATION AND DEMAND IN A
METROPOLITAN CITY OF A DEVELOPING
COUNTRY
Submitted by:- 1701223-Abhash Kumar
1701225-Khwairakpam Frank
Under the guidance of Satya Ranjan Samal
CONTENTS
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2.
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INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGY
Study Area
Data Collection
DATA ANALYSIS
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
LITERATURE REVIEW
REFERENCE
INTRODUCTION
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India is among the fastest-growing economies.
Private mobility such as motorcycles and passenger cars function as the
main modes of road transportation in major cities like Delhi City, and is
now experiencing a more rapid economic growth, even in this booming
economy.
In the recent years, with the rapid development of economy and exorbitant
increase in the motor-vehicles, parking problems in urban areas of metro
cities have become increasingly prominent.
Affordable prices and subsidized parking fees leading people to refer
private vehicle over public transit as their travel mode. Delhi is one of
those challenging cities located in India.
Delhi has a population of about 16.7 million (census India, 2011) and has
more than one crore registered vehicle (Transport dept., NCT of Delhi,
2017), which is more than double ten years back.
METHODOLOGY
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The parking demand is directly related to
the land use of a particular area.
The area having market place have
fluctuating demand throughout the day
depending upon the requirement of the
visitors.
 The different types of areas having different land use have been
selected as study area in Delhi region such as commercial and
business-oriented area, market area.
 The location of this areas has been shown in the Fig. 2. These are the
areas having the highest problems like haphazard parking, violation of
enforcement rules, illegal parking and many more.
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Different type of field survey required for parking like In-Out survey,
license plate survey and parking inventory survey have been carried out to
collect the data.
12 hours data was collected at weekdays to study the typical
characteristics. A detailed analysis has been done to evaluate different
parking characteristics. Finally, the parking guidelines have been
suggested based on the observation and analysis.
STUDY AREA
The parking locations in different areas of the Delhi have been selected
which are having different land use like shopping, business-offices and
market areas.
The map of Delhi as well as the location of study areas in Delhi
metropolitan city is shown in Fig. 2. The study areas were selected
based on its importance and type of activities.
The Nehru place area is big commercial market of electronics items as
well as having large number of offices, so the parking demand in this
area is high throughout the day.
DATA COLLECTION
 A general survey form has been designed to record the time and license
plate number of the vehicle.
 In the In-Out survey, the data have been recorded as entry and exit time of
each vehicle with license number plate. Two persons, one at entry gate and
one at exit gate are required for this survey.
 In the license plate survey, the parking lot was monitored at half an hour
interval by recording the registered license plate number of each vehicle
that occupy a particular space.
DATA ANALYSIS
The values of parking index show the
efficiency of parking lot, which are
lower than 1 for all three parking lots,
which indicates that sufficient parking
space is available.
Parking Statistics
P1(car)
P2(car)
P3(bike)
Peak Time
16:00-16:30
13:00-13:30
15:00-15:30
Peak Parking Accumulation
95
97
320
Peak parking saturation
0.97
0.45
0.98
Average Parking Accumulation
52.63
55.92
218.12
Peak parking ratio
1.80
1.73
1.47
Average Parking Duration(min)
115
190
139
Parking Index (%)
53.71
26.37
67.11
Table 1. Parking Characteristics at different parking lots of Nehru Place
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The accumulation curve for the parking lot P1 shows the peak time at
evening.
The accumulation curves for parking lots P1 and P2 demonstrates that
there in more fluctuation for a given duration of time of the day,
which is mainly due to the visitors because the vehicles of the
employee working in the offices will not be removed during working
time.
There is no substantial fluctuation in the profile for parking lot P3.
Parking Statistics
Car/Jeep
Two-Wheeler
Peak Time
15:15-15:30
16:45-17:00
Peak Parking Accumulation
1009
2017
Peak parking saturation
3.25
6.21
Average Parking Accumulation
674.66
1376
Peak parking ratio
1.49
1.46
Average Parking Duration(min)
176
153
Parking Index (%)
217.63
423.38
Table 2. Parking Characteristics for total volume of Nehru Place
Here, the problem arises for the peak saturation which is far more than
the unity that creates spill over condition due to insufficient parking space.
Parking index is greater than 100% because of accumulation of vehicles
is too high than the capacity.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Despite its considerable impact on the traffic congestion and
safety, on-street parking has not been duly investigated mainly
because of data limitations and it was particularly so in major
cities in developing countries like India; often, naturally
originated on-street parking is not considered in comprehensive
transportation plans.
 Also, at Nehru place, peak parking saturation for P1 and P3 is
about one (0.97 and 0.98 respectively), that means there will be
requirement of more parking space in future due to increasing
growth of private vehicles day by day.
 In most of the Indian cities, there is no proper marks for parking,
as we have observed in our study. It leads to indecorous and
haphazard parking at both type of parking facilities which
impacts ineffective utilization of available parking space which
then encourages the drivers to park illegally.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
1st Review:- Estimation of parking accumulation profiles from the
survey data by the cluster analysis technique.
Author:- Tong, Wong & Leung
Dated:- 2004
Findings:- that parking supply is an effective means to restrain the car
ownership and usage, however acute shortage of parking might drive
away commercial and other activities.
2nd Review:- Cruising for parking
Author:- Shoup
Dated:- 2006
Findings:- Cruising creates a mobile queue of cars that are waiting
for curb vacancies, but no one can see how many cars are
in the queue because the cruisers are mixed in with other
cars that are actually going somewhere.
3rd Review:- The real price of parking policy
Author:- Jos van Ommeren, Derk Wentink and Jasper Dekkers
Dated:- 2011
Findings:- To identify the residents' willingness to pay for parking permits as
well as the residents' cost of cruising.
4th Review:- Exploration of the parking problems in the urban area
Author:- Zhenshan Zu, Zhirong Jin and Yi Zhao
Dated:- 2014
Findings:- The disparity between parking supply and demand has
become increasingly prominent with the recent, rapid development
of the social economy. As this affects city development, it is very
important to find a solution for this parking problem.
5th Review:-Improvement of safety and operation of the traffic.
Author:- Paul C. Box
Dated:-2004
Findings:- the hazard and congestion due to on-street parking, specially
the angular parking, which is useful for the local officials and planners
REFERENCE
Box, P. C., 2004. Curb-parking problems: Overview. Journal of
Transportation Engineering, Census 2011, Government of India,
2011.
 Shoup, D. C., 2006. Cruising for parking. Transport Policy.
 Tong, C. O., Wong, S. C. & Leung, B. S. Y., 2004. Estimation of
parking accumulation profiles from survey data.
Transportation.Travel characteristics survey, Territory Transport
Planning Division, MVA Asia, Transport Department, Hong
Kong, 1993.
 Ommeren, v. J., Wentik, D. & Dekkers, J., 2011. The real price
of parking policy. Journal of Urban Economics.
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Zu, Z., Jin, Z. & Zhao, Y., 2014. Exploration of Parking
Problems in the Wujiang District. CICTP 2014: Safe, Smart, and
Sustainable Multimodal Transportation Systems , 1945-1952.
THANK YOU