DRUG STUDY
Name of Drug
PARACETAMO
L
Classification:
-NSAID
-Antipyretic
Dosage: 500mg
Frequency: PRN
Indication
Temporary reduction of
fever.
temporary relief of minor
aches and pains caused
by common cold and
influenza, headache, sore
throat. toothache.
backache,
menstrual cramps, etc
Action
Antipyretic:
Reduces fever by
acting directly on
the hypothalamic
heat-regulating
center to cause
vasodilation and
sweating. which
helps dissipate
heat
Contraindication
Contraindicated with
allergy to
acetaminophen.
Use cautiously with
impaired hepatic
function.
chronic alcoholism.
pregnancy. lactation
Adverse Effect
CNS: headache
CV: chest pain. dyspnea,
myocardial damage when
doses of 5.
8g/day are ingested daily for
several weeks or when
doses of so day are
ingested for 1year
GI: hepatic toxicity and
failure, jaundice
GU: acute renal failure.
renal tubular necrosis
Hematologic:methemoglobi
nemia- cyanosis: hemolytic
anemia-hematria.
anuria:neutropenia,
leukopenia, pancytopenia,
thrombocytopenia,
hypoglycemia
• Hypersensitivity:
rash. rever
Nursing Responsibility
Do not exceed the recommended dosage.
Reduce dosage with hepatic impairment.
Avoid using multiple preparations
acetaminophen.
Carefully check all OTC products.
Give drug with food if GI upset occurs.
Discontinue drug if hypersensitivity reactions occur.
Treatment of overdose:
Monitor serum levels regularly.
N-acetyleysteine should be
available as a specific antidote:
basic life support measures may be necessary
OMEPRAZOLE
Classification:
proton pump
inhibitor
Protects the GI tract from
the side effects of
antibiotics in the GI tract
Gastric pump
inhibitor
suppresses
gastric acid
secretion by
specific inhibition
of hydrogenpotassium
ATPase enzyme
system at the
secretory surface
of the gastric
parietal cells;
blocks the final
step of acid
production
diarrhea from
an infection
withClostridium
difficile bacteria.
• inadequate vitamin
B12.
• low amount of
magnesium in the
blood.
• liver problems.
• a type of kidney
inflammation called
interstitial nephritis.
• subacute cutaneous
lupus erythematosus.
• systemic lupus
erythematosus.
• an autoimmune
disease.
• Back, leg,
or stomac h pain.
• bleeding or crusting
sores on the lips.
• blisters.
• continuing ulcers or sores
in the mouth.
• difficult, burning, or painful
urination.
• general feeling of
discomfort or illness.
• itching, skin rash
•muscle ache and cramps
• ask the patient for a possible allergy reaction to
the medicine
• Ask the patient for the food he usually eat and the
latest meal
• Assess for the pass scale
Interventions:
Advise patient to avoid alcohol and foods that may
cause an increase an
Gl antation. Instruct patient to report bothersome or
prolonged side effects, including skin problems
(aching, rash) a Gl effects (nausea, diarrhea,
vomiting, constipation,heartburn, flatulence,
abdominal pain)
• To reduce the risk of
stroke and systemic
embolism in patients with
nonvalvular atrial
fibrillation.
Acts as a
selective,
reversible site
inhibitor of factor
Xa, inhibiting both
free and bound
factor. Does not
affect platelet
aggregation
directly, but does
inhibit thrombininduced platelet
aggregation.
Contraindicated in
patients hypersensitive
to drug or its
components and in those
with active pathological
bleeding.
• Use cautiously in
patients at risk for severe
bleeding (especially
those concomitantly
taking drugs that affect
hemostasis)
Use of apixaban isn't
recommended in
patients with acute P
• Hemorrhagic stroke
• Hypotension
• Epistaxis, gingival bleeding
•GI bleeding
• Muscle hemorrhage
Monitor bleeding from any body system as this could
be fatal if severe
Dosage: 40mg
Frequency:OD
APIXABAN
Classification :
Anticoagulant
Dosage : 2.5 mg
Frequency : OD
-
monitor for impairment including numbness,
paresthesia, weakness, confusion, back pain,
bladder/bowel impairment
who are
hemodynamically
unstable, patients who
require thrombolysis or
pulmonary embolectomy,
or patients with
antiphospholipid
syndrome.
SEVELAMER
Classification:
Phosphate
Binder
Dosage: 800mg
Frequency: TID
Control of serum Pin
patients w/ chronic kidney
disease (CKD)
on dialysis;
hyperphosphatemia in
adults receiving hemo- or
peritoneal dialysis
Patients with
chronic kidney
disease (CKD)
retain phosphorus
and can develop
hyperphosphatem
ia. When the
product of serum
calcium and
phosphorus
concentrations
(Ca x P) exceeds
55 mg?/dL?, there
is an increased
risk that ectopic
calcification will
occur.
Hyperphosphatem
ia plays a role in
the
development of
secondary
hyperparathyroidi
sm in renal
insufficiency.
Treatment of
-Hypersensitivity
-Severe constipation
-Fecal impaction
-Gl obstruction
-Gl perforation
- Gi surgery
Nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, dyspepsia,
abdominal pain, flatulence,
constipation. GI
disorders eg, abdominal
distention
& discomfort
Doses of concurrent medications, especially
antiarrhythmics, should be spaced at least 1 hr
before or 3 hr after sevelamer.
Administer with meals. Do not break, chew, or crush
tablets; contents expand in water.
Instruct patient to take
sevelamer with meals as directed and to adhere to
prescribed diet.
Tell patient to space concurrent medications at least
1 hr before or 3 hr after sevelamer.
Advise patient to notify health care professional if
GI effects are severe or prolonged.
Monitor serum phosphorous, calcium, bicarbonate,
and chloride levels periodically during therapy
hyperphosphatem
ia includes
reduction in
dietary intake of
phosphate,
inhibition of
intestinal
phosphate
absorption with
phosphate
binders, and
removal of
phosphate with
dialysis.
Sevelamer
carbonate taken
with meals has
been shown to
control serum
phosphorus
concentrations in
patients with CKD
who are on
dialysis