Carbohydrates are found in bread,
rice, and pasta. We can also find
carbohydrates in potatoes, milk,
corn, and fruits.
Carbohydrates store
energy by storing glycogen
from excess glucose in the
liver and muscle. They also
provide structural support
in cell walls of plants,
fungi, and shells of shrimp,
lobster, and insects.
CH2OH
H
HO
O
H
OH
H
H
OH
H
OH
Carbohydrates are made of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1
ratio. The simplest form of a
carbohydrate is monosaccharides.
Two monosaccharides makes a
disaccharide and longer molecules
are called polysaccharides.
Glucose (Monosaccharide)
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Lipids are found in salmon,
butter, and avocadoes. They
can also be found in vegetable
oil, whole milk, cheese, and
nuts.
Fats store energy by converting excess
energy into triglycerides that make up
fat cells. Fat cells also have structures
that allow them to prevent many
molecules from entering it.
Saturated
Lipids are made of carbon,
hydrogen,and oxygen. All
carbons in saturated lipids
have single bonds. Carbons
in un-saturated lipids have
double bonds.
Un-Saturated
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Proteins are found in beef,
cheese, and egg. Proteins
can also be found in other
meat like chicken, seafood,
beans, tofu, and vegetables
like brocoli.
Proteins help transport
substances within and
between cells. They also
speed reactions, provide
structural support for cells
and provide hormones.
Proteins are made of smaller
compounds called amino acids.
Amino Acids are made of
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
The shapeof a protein depends
on the interactions among the
amino acids.
Amino Acid
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Nucleic acids are found in RNA
(Ribonucleic Acid) and DNA
(Deoxyribonucleic Acid). RNA
and DNA is present in any living
thing like animals, plants, and
humans.
Nucleic Acids store and
communicate genetic information.
Uracil
Nucleic acids are made of
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, and phosphorus.
RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is
made of a single strand
(single helix). DNA (Deoxynucleic Acid) is made of
double strands (double helix).
Cytosine
Adenine
Guanine
Nucleobases
of RNA
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
Guanine
Nucleobases
of DNA
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