Bagmati Boarding
Secondary School
Project work on
Word Processor
Operating System
Boolean algebra
HTML
Mailing
Submitted By:
Name: Bibesh basnet
Class: 11 ‘b’
Roll No.: 9
Registration Number:
Internal Examiner
Mr. Raja Ram Thapa
(Computer Instructor)
External Examiner
Contents
OPERATING SYSTEM ...................................................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION AND ROLE OF OPERATING SYSTEM: ............................................................................................3
FUNCTIONS OF THE OPERTING SYSTEM:................................................................................................................4
Word Processor ..........................................................................................................................................................5
Introduction on word processor ............................................................................................................................5
Features of word processor....................................................................................................................................6
MAIL MERGE ...............................................................................................................................................................7
ID CARD DESIGN .........................................................................................................................................................9
BOOLEAN ALGEBRA ................................................................................................................................................. 10
LOGIC GATE ......................................................................................................................................................... 10
AND Gate ............................................................................................................................................................. 11
OR Gate................................................................................................................................................................ 12
NOT Gate ............................................................................................................................................................. 13
NAND GATE ......................................................................................................................................................... 14
NOR Gate ............................................................................................................................................................. 15
Exclusive-OR (X-OR) Gate .................................................................................................................................... 16
Computer Architecture............................................................................................................................................ 17
OPERATING SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION AND ROLE OF OPERATING SYSTEM:
O
perating system (O.S) is an integrated set of the program that controls the resources (the
CPU, memory, I/O devices etc.) of the operating system. It provides an interface to its user
which is more convenient to use the bare machine. The two primary objectives of an
operating system are;
1) Making a computer system convenient to use.
2) Managing the resources of the computer system.
An operating system is the collection of the program that controls the overall operation of the
computer system. Operating system controls and coordinates the use of the hardware among the
various application programs for the various users. So it acts as an interface between the user and the
computer hardware.
An operating system manage and coordinates the function performed by the computer hardware,
including the CPU, input/output devices, secondary storage devices and communication and network
equivalent. Operating system is the most important program that runs on a computer. Every general
purpose computer must have an operating system to run other programs. It performs basic task, such
as recognizing inputs from keyboard, sending outputs to displays units, keeping tracks of files and the
direction on the disks and controlling peripheral devices such as disk driver and printer.
FUNCTIONS OF THE OPERTING SYSTEM:
1) I/O MANAGEMENT: Input/output (IO) is the essential for the operation of the computer. It
allows the computer to interact with the peripheral devices such as keyboard, mouse,
terminals (like modem, TV, cards and NIC cards), disk or tapes (CD, DVD and floppy disk)
printer etc.
2) Command interpreter: The command interpreter reads the commands that a user types in
at a terminal, interpret them and translate them into a detailed set of the instruction that
the computer hardware can understand. It varies widely from one OS to another. Every OS
must provide command interpret for its operation.
3) Data management: Data management allows organizing their data into logical grouping
called files. Earlier, only few OS provided data management, containing limited flexibility
and usefulness at the present, most of the OS provides this features.
4) Memory management: Memory is a large array of the words or bytes each with its own
address. When the user request CPU for the read/write operation, OS determine the
amount of the memory required for the program instruction and data. Then, OS allocates
required memory to load the program and data into RAM. When program terminates, its
memory space is free and the same memory area can be allocated to other program.
5) Process management: The process management allocates a process to execute a chosen
process. It finds the status of the processor and processes (traffic controller), chooses job
(job schedules), chooses process in the job (process scheduler), allocates the processor to
the process (dispatcher), and frees the processor when the process I executed.
6) Device management: The device management allocates a device to process. It finds the
status of the, channel and controls unit, finds answer to the question like which process,
which device- how much and allocates device to the process (IO scheduling), initiates the IO
operating and finally frees the devices when the process is completed.
7) File management: The file management keeps track of all the information on files. It opens
and closes files. It finds and records the following for all files: location, size, usages
(attributes) status etc. it also finds as to which process wants which files, check through the
protection routine, open the file if allowed and allocated it to the process. Finally, it closes
the file when the process is executed. Processor management is at a low level, very near to
the machine and file management is at higher level, very near to the user.
8) Time sharing: Time sharing management, a function of O.S, involve the CPU to allocate the
time to a number of the user on the same computer, property generally found in the
network operating system.
Word Processor
Introduction on word processor
W
ord processor is application software that helps in the creation of a document. It
facilitates the creation of documents through computerized text editing, formatting,
storing and printing. It allows the user to type text, make corrections without retyping
the entire matter and has the feature to make the text look attractive. It can enhance documents in
many ways such as: user can add image and animation, link different documents together, use of
speller and thesaurus.
Features of word processor
The following are the common features of word processor software:
 Fast operation: Typing in a word processor becomes very fast as there is no mechanical
carriage movement associated.
 Editing text features: Any type of operations, likewise insert, delete, modify the documents,
and undo/redo, find/replace can be performed very easily. These insertion, deletion or
correction can be performed at any time in place of the text. These alternations can be made
after typing the entire document. Similarly, move or copy a section or block of the text or object
from any location of the same document to another location in the entire document or other
document to another location in the entire material of the document too.
 Formatting features: The electronic typed text can be appear on insert in any form or style like
bold, italic, underline, different fonts, font size, its color and paragraph[h formatting can be
made.
 Permanent storage: by the help of word p[processor, files and documents can be saved as long
as preferred and saved files and documents can be retrieved whenever desired.
 Graphics: it provides facilities to insert text, objects (picture graph etc) anywhere in the
document whenever necessary.
 OLE (object linking and embedding): modern word processors provide facilities to link or
embed objects in a document. OLE is a program-integration technology that can use to share
information between programs through objects. Objects are saved entities of different types of
charts and thesaurus (synonyms and antonyms words).
 Mail merge: it is an option used to merge a list of information such as names, addresses, e-mail,
phone numbers (data source) with the main document. The main document contains original
text (merge fields) with data area at appropriate places to produce a number of original texts
(merge fields) with data area appropriate places to produce a number of copies of merged
document while defined the merging task. The main document is created using the mail merge
helper dialogue box.
 Searching: it facilitates to search for any word or text and replace or delete with other
necessary ones in the entire material of the document very easy.
MAIL MERGE
Bagmati High school
Name:
Grade:
Rollno:
Valid
Date:
Photo
Name
Bibesh
Amish
Bagmati High school
Name:
Grade:
Rollno:
Valid
Date:
Bibesh
XI
1
12/10/2020
Photo
Grade
XI
XI
Rollno
Validity
1 10/12/2020
2 10/12/2020
BAGMATI HIGH SCHOOL
Name:Amish
Grade:XI
Rollno:1
Parents name:aa
Contact number:1122
BAGMATI HIGH SCHOOL
Name:Asim
Grade:Xi
Rollno:3
Parents name:cc
Contact number:1124
BAGMATI HIGH SCHOOL
Name:
Grade:
Rollno:
Parents name:
Contact number:
BAGMATI HIGH SCHOOL
Name:
Grade:
Rollno:
Parents name:
Contact number:
BAGMATI HIGH SCHOOL
Name:Bbes
Grade:XI
Rollno:2
Parents name:bb
Contact number:1123
BAGMATI HIGH SCHOOL
Name:
Grade:
Rollno:
Parents name:
Contact number:
BAGMATI HIGH SCHOOL
Name:
Grade:
Rollno:
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BAGMATI HIGH SCHOOL
Name:
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ID CARD DESIGN
BAGMATI
BOARDING S. SCHOOL
Bibesh Basnet
Basundhara, KTM
Science (Physical Group)
ID No. : 2725076/59
Grade : XI(B)
Contact : 9841696803
Blood Group: B+
DOB : 2059/10/13
Parent’s Name : Babu Ram Basnet
P
H
O
T
Principal
O
Validity : 2077-03-31
Sukedhara-4,Kathmandu/+977014374881/www.bmcollege.edu.np
BOOLEAN ALGEBRA
LOGIC GATE
A logic gate is an electric circuit that operates on one or more input signals to produce an output
signal. The logic gate is used for binary operation and is the basic component of digital computer. It is
embodied into Integrated Circuit (IC). Each gate has its specific function and graphical symbol. The
function of gate is expressed by means of an algebraic expression.
In a digital computer, there are three basic gates, which are:
1. AND gate
2. OR gate
3. NOT gate
Apart from the basic gates, there are other gates derived from basic gates, which are:
4.
5.
6.
7.
NAND gate
NOR gate
Exclusive OR (XOR) gate
Exclusive NOR (XNOR) gate
AND Gate
AND gate is an electric circuit, which produces high (1) output when all the inputs are high. Otherwise,
the output will be low (0). The output is equal to the product of the logic inputs. It can have two or
more inputs and produces a single output.
The graphical symbol, algebraic expression and truth table of AND gate is shown below.
Graphical symbol
A
X = A.B
B
Algebraic expressions
X = A.B
Where ‘.’ stands for AND operation, A and B are inputs and X is output.
Truth table:
Inputs
Output
Inputs
Output
A
B
X = A.B
A
B
X = A.B
0
0
0
False
False
False
0
1
0
False
True
False
1
0
0
True
False
False
1
1
1
True
True
True
OR
OR Gate
OR gate is an electronic circuit, which produces high (1) output when one of the input is high (1). If all
inputs are low (0), then the output will also be low (0). The output is equal to the sum of the logic
inputs. It has two or more inputs and produces a single output.
Graphical symbol
A
X=A+B
B
Algebraic expression:
X=A+B
Where ‘+’ stands for OR operation, A and B are inputs and X is output.
Truth table:
Inputs
Inputs
Output
Output
A
B
X = A.B
False
False
False
False
True
True
A
B
X = A+B
0
0
0
0
1
1
True
False
True
1
0
1
True
True
True
1
1
1
OR
NOT Gate
NOT gate is an electronic circuit whose output is the complement of the input. It is also called inverter.
If we provide high input (1) to this gate, it will produce low output (0) & vice-versa. It has only one
input and an output.
Graphical symbol:
A
X=A’
Algebraic expression:
X = A’ = A
Where, A is input and X is output
Truth table:
Inputs
Output
A
X = A’
1
0
0
1
Inputs
OR
Output
A
X = A’
False
True
True
False
NAND GATE
The NAND gate is the combination of AND and NOT gate. This electronic gate produces low (0) output,
when all inputs are high (1), otherwise the output will be high (1). It is the complement of AND gate. It
has two or more inputs and produces a single output.
Graphical symbol:
A
X = (A.B)’
B
Algebraic expression:
X = (A.B)’
Where, A and B are inputs and X is output.
Truth table:
Inputs
A
0
0
1
1
Output
B
0
1
0
1
A.B
0
0
0
1
X = (A.B)’
1
1
1
0
NOR Gate
NOR gate is the combination of OR gate and NOT gate. This electronic gate produces high (1) output
when all inputs are low (0) otherwise, output will be low (0). It is the combination of OR gate. It has
two or more inputs and produces a single output.
Graphical symbol:
A
X = (A + B)’
B
Algebraic expression:
X = (A + B)’
Where, A and B are inputs an X is output.
Truth Table:
Inputs
A
0
0
1
1
B
0
1
0
1
Output
A+B
X = (A + B)’
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
Exclusive-OR (X-OR) Gate
The XOR gate produces low output (0 when both the inputs are same otherwise, the output will be
high (1). It can also have two or more inputs which produces single output.
Graphical symbol:
A
X = A’.B + A.B’
B
Algebraic expression:
X = A’.B + A.B’
Where, A and B are inputs and X is output.
Truth table:
Inputs
A
0
0
1
1
B
0
1
0
1
A’
1
1
0
0
B’
1
0
1
0
A’.B
0
1
0
0
A.B’
0
0
1
0
Output
X = A’.B A.B’
0
1
1
0
Computer Architecture
The processor
Control Unit


Interprets stored instruction in sequence.
Issue commands to all elements of the computer.
ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC UNIT

perform arithmetic and logic operation
Input

Data

Instruction
Output

Information

The result of
processing
Main Memory(Primary
Memory)

Holds data, instruction and results of
processing
Data/instruction
Command/signal flow
Auxiliary storage(secondary memory)

To supplement main memory.