SENTENCES & CLAUSES PARTS OF A SENTENCE : SUBJECT, VERB, OBJECT WHAT IS A SENTENCE? A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. Are these complete thoughts? A. Hassan eats. B. Water. C. Patrols the streets. D. You. E. He new watch. F. I don’t know. UNDERSTANDING CLAUSES Independent and dependent clauses The dogs bark if Mark leaves The dogs bark • This simple sentence is also called a clause. • The idea in this sentence/clause is complete. • Also called an independent clause. if What is similar in both the independent and the dependent clause?. Mark leaves. • This is also a clause • But the idea in this sentence is incomplete. • Also called a dependent clause Both clauses have a subject and a verb Identify Independent clauses (I) and dependent clauses ( D) 1. If you can work on Sundays (D) 2. Until the sun sets (D) 3. Cheetahs are the fastest land animals (I) 4. While flowers continue to bloom (D) 5. Whenever you come to visit (D) 6. Since I don't have enough money (D) 7. We are not going. (I) 8. Although I had never considered it (D) 9. Unless you have the right size (D) 10.As the lights were dimming (D) 11.No matter how you look at it (D) 12.The old man looked tired. (I) 13.How he got elected (D) 14.Before the food gets cold (D) 15.Supposing that she really wanted to go • THERE ARE 3 MAIN TYPES OF SENTENCES. 1- simple sentences 2 - compound sentences 3- complex sentences A simple sentence has 2 important parts. PARTS OF A SIMPLE SENTENCE. In English, every sentence has two main parts subject verbs Sometimes a sentence may have (apart from the S and V): object Or other information Subject Maria She Verb sings. plays Maria practices Maria and Sara play (Object) Other information the piano. at home. the piano in the morning. PARTS OF A SIMPLE SENTENCE In English, every sentence has two main parts verbs subject o The subject is the person or thing that does the action. o The subject can be: o A noun • Maria sings. o Pronoun • She sings. o Can be two (or more) nouns / pronouns. o However, the nouns / pronouns must share the same verb (s). • Maria and Sara sing. o identify the SUBJECTS in these sentences? 1. Susan loves movies. 2. He ate fast. 3. Susan and her children are still waiting. 4. The man wearing the hat is my uncle. 5. The tired woman did not see the car. 6. Ramiz and I are leaving now. 7. An ugly looking creature came into view. 8. Early in the morning we heard the noise again. 9. Dragon fruits are very easy to grow. 10.The tall tree in our garden is more than 50 years old. PARTS OF A SIMPLE SENTENCE In English, every sentence has two main parts verbs subject o The verb tells what the subject is doing. The verb: o Is usually an action word such as • go, speak, write and swim • He speaks. o May not have much action • Verb to be (am, is, are, was, were) , like, want, need • She is a teacher. o Can have two (or more) actions for one subject. • They create and play their own music. o Let’s watch a very short video. o The video will explain the difference between 2 types of verbs: Stative verbs and Active verbs o Be prepared to answer questions at the end of the video. o identify the VERBS in these sentences? 1. Running is good for health. 2. She has long hair. 3. Ramiz and I are leaving now. 4. The leaders did not see eye to eye. 5. We are going home. 6. Ian has written over forty articles. 7. They came in and saw the mess. 8. He woke up, dressed, ate quickly and reported to work on time. 9. The man wearing the hat is my uncle. 10. We will not leave today. o identify the VERBS in these sentences? 1. Running is good for health. 2. She has long hair. 3. Ramiz and I are leaving now. 4. The leaders did not see eye to eye. 5. We are going home. 6. Ian has written over forty articles. 7. They arrived on time and saw the mess. 8. He woke up, dressed, ate quickly and reported to work on time. 9. The man wearing the hat is my uncle. 10. We will not leave today. In English, every sentence has two main parts Subject = S Verbs = V Sometimes a sentence may have (apart from the S and V): Object=O Or other information Subject Maria She Verb sings. plays Maria practices Maria and Sara play (Object) Other information the piano. at home. the piano in the morning. Sometimes a sentence may have (apart from the S and V): Object=O o The object is the thing or person after the main verb. The object: o Receives the action of the verb • She writes a note. o Can be a noun or a pronoun. • He likes her. o Can be two (or more) nouns / pronoun • Maria’s brother plays guitar and violin. 1. He misses the children. o identify the OBJECT in these sentences? 2. We saw the fire just in time. 3. They shopped for two hours. 4. We cooked and cleaned all day. 5. Wisam ran away. 6. The cat caught the tired little mouse. 7. Riyaz called her everyday. 8. Moosa drank the cool water from the stream. 9. I water the plants every morning. 10. The man caught a huge fish. 1. He misses the children. o identify the OBJECT in these sentences? 2. We saw the fire just in time. 3. They shopped for two hours. 4. We cooked and cleaned all day. 5. Wisam ran away. 6. The cat caught the tired little mouse. 7. Riyaz called her everyday. 8. Moosa drank the cool water from the stream. 9. I water the plants every morning. 10. The man caught a huge fish. IS THE WORD IN BOLD A SUBJECT, VERB OR OBJECT? 1.Mr. Buck donated a wishbone to the Museum of Natural History. verb 2.After the final song, the drummer hurled his sticks at the crowd. subject 3.Gus smashed the electric guitar with a sledgehammer. object 4.Felix stunned the dragon with a ray gun. object 5.Very slowly, Riyaz opened the box. subject 6.Very slowly, Riyaz opened the box. verb 7.Very slowly, Riyaz opened the box. object 8.Thomas gave his pen to Benji. verb 9.After breakfast, Vera drove to the mission with Ted. subject 10.Even though it rarely rains here, Professor Mark carries his umbrella verb wherever he goes. QUICK CHECK Do you remember? • What are the 3 main types of sentences? Simple sentences compound sentences complex sentences • What are the 2 essential parts of a simple sentence? The subject the verb • Can you identify these parts of a simple sentence? The cats drink Subject Verb water Object In the kitchen. Other information This sentence expresses a complete thought. QUICK CHECK Do you remember? Afiya ate Subject Verb Afiya and Alima ate Subject Verb Subject On Monday, Other information Afiya and Alima Subject Subject we watched Subject cooked Verb a movie. Verb Object and ate Verb rice at the farm. Object Other information The woman standing next to my mother in the blue dress spoke to him.
