Fundamentals of
Algorithms and Data
Structures
Demo Lecture
By Namra Minhaj
22-05-2023
Algorithms

Step by step method for problem solving

A process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem
solving operations carried out by a processor.

Designing of an Algorithm (Order, I/O, Decisions, Repetition)
Characteristics of an Algorithm
Unambiguous
Efficient &
Effective
Deterministic
Feasible
Finite
Types of Algorithms
Brute Force
Divide &
Conquer
Greedy
Approach
Dynamic
Programming
Backtracking
Algorithm
Fundamentals of Data Structures


A system used to store, organize, modify and access data
o
Programs = algorithms + data structures
o
Data structures = related data + allowed operations on that data
Different data structures:
o
Arrays
o
Strings
o
Linked lists
o
Stacks
o
Queues
o
Graphs
Important Categories of Algorithms in
Data Structures

Search

Sort

Insert

Update

Delete
Basics of a program in HLL

Variable Declaration

Basic Syntax

Data Type and Structures

Flow Control Structures (Conditionals and loops)

Functional Programming

Object-Oriented Programming

Debugging

IDEs and Coding Environments