Geographical information systems (GIS)
• A computer based methodology for collecting managing
analyzing modeling and presenting geographical or spatial
data
• Allows to overlay Datasets and query them in terms of their
spatial relation to each other
• GIS is used in various fields like urban planning,
environmental management, emergency response, and
business analysis
ArcGIS
• ArcGIS is a GIS software for working with
maps and geographic information
• Software developed and maintained by
Esri
GIS Data
Raster
• Grid data represents surface
• Aerial photography, satalitte
imagery
GIS Data
Vector
• Shows discrete features
• A layer comprised of :• Individual points
• lines
• Polygons
ArcGIS Workflow
• Collect Data: Gather information from various sources, such as surveys,
satellite imagery, or GPS devices.
• Create Maps: Design maps with different layers of information, including
boundaries, points of interest, and thematic data.
• Perform Analysis: Analyze patterns, relationships, and trends to gain
insights and make informed decisions.
• Share and Collaborate: Share your maps and data with others, collaborate
on projects, and communicate your findings.
Data layers
• Building blocks of a map.
• layers are:•
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•
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Roads,
Buildings
Boundaries
Park
Lakes
Components of ArcGIS
Arc
Map
Arc
Catalog
Arc
Tools
ArcGIS GUI
Geoprosessing tool
• The fundamental purpose of geoprocessing is to provide tools
and a framework for performing analysis and managing your
geographic data.
• A typical geoprocessing operation performs an operation on a
dataset and produces a second dataset as the result of the
operation.
Geoprosessing tool
Append
Append is one of the Data Management tools for manipulating
feature classes. This tool merges multiple feature classes
together to create a single feature class
Geoprosessing tool
Intersect
• This tool builds a new feature class from
the intersecting features common in both
feature classes.
Union
• This tool builds a new feature class by
combining the features and attributes of
each feature class.
Geoprosessing tool
Add XY Coordinates
Adds the POINT_X and POINT_Y fields
to the feature's attribute table and
calculates the x,y location for the
fields for labels, points, tics, or nodes.
Geoprosessing tool
Area
• Area of any shap can be calculated
• More data points along boundary
batter result
GIS history : INS Shivaji
• Recktronic Devices and Systems, Pune
• Tropological survey of 750 acres of land
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•
•
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Building
Road
Light poles
Transformers
Water bodies
ArcGIS: INS Shivaji
Drone Mapping
• Fixed wing Drone
• View angle 30o ( i.e 15o on either side of
virtical)
• Flown at 150m height
• Quadcopter
• View angle 30o ( i.e 15o on either side of
virtical)
• Flown at 15 m height
ArcGIS: INS Shivaji
• Ground Penetrating Radar
• Small radar mounted on trolly
• Mannually moved
• Cable detector
• Transmitter : AC generator .
• Electromagnetic field of the same frequency
around the cable which can be then detected
by a receiver.