ASSESSING REASONING,
CRITICAL THINKING,
PROBLEM SOLVING AND
CREATIVE THINKING
JOHN-REY B. MANZANO
Teacher III (Tagudin NHS)
TERMINAL OBJECTIVE
At the end of the session, the
participants shall explore reasoning,
critical thinking, problem solving, and
creative thinking assessments.
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
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ENABLING OBJECTIVES
✔Define and differentiate reasoning, critical
thinking, problem-solving and creative
thinking
✔Explain the importance of assessing
reasoning, critical thinking, problem-solving
and creative thinking
✔Apply the process on assessing reasoning,
critical thinking, problem-solving and
creative thinking
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telephone Number: (075)-522-2202; Email Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph
PRELIMINARY ACTIVITY
Think of words and phrases which are
associated with the term “assess”
test knowledge
examine
to measure
understanding
to determine
performance
to evaluate
skills
to know
to estimate
efficiency
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telephone Number: (075)-522-2202; Email Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph
PRELIMINARY ACTIVITY
What do you assess in your learners?
remembering
analyzing
understanding
evaluating
applying
creating
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telephone Number: (075)-522-2202; Email Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph
ACTIVITY
Instruction: Identify whether the following statements/questions measure
reasoning, critical thinking, problem-solving or creative thinking. Write “R” for
reasoning, “C” for critical thinking, “P” for problem-solving and “CT” for creative
thinking.
1. The sum of angles in a triangle is always equal to 180 degrees and ABC is a
triangle. Therefore, the sum of the angles of triangle ABC is 180 degrees.
2. Triangle ABC measures 180 degrees and it is an equilateral triangle. What is
the measurement of each angle?
3. Sarah is twice as old as Richard. Ten years from now, the ratio of their ages is
3:2. What is the present age of Sarah and Richard?
4. Using the measurement of triangle ABC with 180 degrees, what other kinds of
triangle can you form?
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
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Telephone Number: (075)-522-2202; Email Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph
ANALYSIS
How did you come up with your answer?
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telephone Number: (075)-522-2202; Email Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph
ABSTRACTION
ASSESSMENT
• Fundamental process to promote learning and
achievement
• Provide additional guidance for learners in need
• See learners’ over-all performance
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
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ABSTRACTION
REASONING
• The process of justifying or explaining a belief or action
• Questions like, “ Why did you bring your umbrella?” or
“Why is 20 the complement of 70?” can stimulate
reasoning.
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telephone Number: (075)-522-2202; Email Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph
ABSTRACTION
ASSESSING REASONING
• To assess reasoning, in accordance to HOTS, we should
give students something to reason about.
• Allow access to resources or locate resources
• Ask questions that require students to reason
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telephone Number: (075)-522-2202; Email Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph
ABSTRACTION
TYPES OF REASONING
1. Inductive Reasoning
- based on observation to extract a likely premise
- a logical guess backed up by valid reasons
- from specific to general
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telephone Number: (075)-522-2202; Email Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph
ABSTRACTION
MAKE OR EVALUATE AN INDUCTIVE CONCLUSION
• Inductive reasoning is drawing a conclusion after
analyzing specific observations (specific to general).
• To assess how students evaluate inductive conclusion:
1. Give a scenario and some information
2. Ask the students to draw proper conclusions
from the given information
3. Ask them to explain why the conclusion
is correct
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
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ABSTRACTION
INDUCTIVE REASONING
Example:
• I see fireflies in my backyard every summer. This summer,
I will probably see fireflies in my backyard.
• Bob draws balls from a bag. His first three draws are red
balls. Therefore, his next draw will also be a red ball.
• Ten is divisible by 2. Thirty is divisible by 2. Therefore, all
numbers ending with “0” are divisible by 2.
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telephone Number: (075)-522-2202; Email Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph
ABSTRACTION
• What is the next term in the sequence: 3, 6, 9,12,_____?
• Line segment AB measures 7 cm. Line segment
B
AC measures 7 cm. What is the measurement
of line segment AD?
• What comes next?
A
D
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Telephone Number: (075)-522-2202; Email Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph
C
ABSTRACTION
TYPES OF REASONING
2. Deductive Reasoning
- drawing a conclusion from premises that are generally
assumed to be true
- probability of getting the final statement true is high
- from general to specific
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
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ABSTRACTION
MAKE OR EVALUATE A DEDUCTIVE CONCLUSION
• Deductive reasoning is citing specific cases that illustrate a
general concept or rule
• To assess how students evaluate a deductive conclusion :
1. Give statements that are assumed to be true
and one or more logically correct and incorrect
conclusions.
2. Ask which conclusions will follow
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telephone Number: (075)-522-2202; Email Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph
ABSTRACTION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telephone Number: (075)-522-2202; Email Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph
ABSTRACTION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telephone Number: (075)-522-2202; Email Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph
ABSTRACTION
“In the absence of information, we
jump to the worst conclusions”
-Myra KassimSCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telephone Number: (075)-522-2202; Email Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph
ABSTRACTION
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
Examples:
• All spider have eight legs. Tarantulas are spiders. Therefore
tarantulas have eight legs.
• If a number lies between 99 and 999, then it is a three-digit number.
The number N is a number lying between 299 and 399. Therefore
the number N is a three-digit number.
• The numbers 4 and 5 are factors of 20. The number X is not a factor
of 20.
Therefore X is neither 4 nor 5.
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telephone Number: (075)-522-2202; Email Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph
ABSTRACTION
Examples:
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
• All numbers ending in 0 or 5 are divisible by 5. Which of the
following is divisible by 5?
a. 65
b. 47
c. 56
d. 38
• A quadrilateral containing only right angles is a rectangle.
Quadrilateral P contains only right angles. What conclusion
can be drawn about quadrilateral P?
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
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ABSTRACTION
CRITICAL THINKING
- Making reasons, decisions or judgments about what to
do and think
- Considering the criteria or grounds for a thoughtful
decision
- Not simply guessing
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telephone Number: (075)-522-2202; Email Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph
ABSTRACTION
PROBLEM-SOLVING
• Finding ways to arrive at an answer to an
intricate unsettled question
• Requires several steps to arrive at the
solution
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telephone Number: (075)-522-2202; Email Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph
ABSTRACTION
IDEAL PROBLEM SOLVER
BRANSFORD AND STEIN (1984)
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ABSTRACTION
Example:
In a game, Carla and Maria are making
subtraction problems using tiles numbered 1
to 5. The player whose subtraction problem
gives the largest answer wins the game. Look
at where each girl placed two of her tiles.
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
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ABSTRACTION
• Who will win the game? _____________
• Explain how you know this person will win.
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telephone Number: (075)-522-2202; Email Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph
ABSTRACTION
PROBLEM-SOLVING
- Act of defining a problem, determining the cause of the
problem,
identifying,
prioritizing
and
selecting
alternatives for a solution; and implementing solution
- G.R.E.S.A
(Given,
Required,
Equation,
Solution,
Answer) is an effective method
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ABSTRACTION
CRITICAL THINKING/PROBLEM-SOLVING
Examples:
1. Gilbert has a pool which has a diameter of 10 meters.
What is the area of the pool?
Given: d =10 meters
Required: Area (A)
Equation: A=πr^2
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ABSTRACTION
Solution :
A= π(d/2)^2
A= 3.14 (10/2)^2
Answer: The area of Gilbert’s pool is 78.5
meters squared.
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
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ABSTRACTION
Example:
CRITICAL THINKING/PROBLEM-SOLVING
1. Pips wants to fence her rectangular vegetable
garden with a perimeter of 46 meters. How many 230
cm. of rope does she need to cover the entire
garden?
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telephone Number: (075)-522-2202; Email Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph
ABSTRACTION
G: P=46 m; Length of rope= 230 cm
R: No. of ropes
E: No. of ropes= P/ Length of Rope
S: No. of ropes= 46 m/ 2.3 m
A: No. of ropes = 20
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telephone Number: (075)-522-2202; Email Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph
ABSTRACTION
CREATIVE THINKING
• Creativity is putting things together in new
ways
• It is constructing something novel, using
unconventional procedures or observing
things other might miss.
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telephone Number: (075)-522-2202; Email Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph
ABSTRACTION
ASSESSING CREATIVE THINKING
To assess creative thinking, an assessment should do the
following:
1.Require student production of some new ideas or a new
product, or require students to reorganize existing ideas
in some new way.
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
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ABSTRACTION
ASSESSING CREATIVE THINKING
2. Allow for student choice (which itself can be a “creation of an
idea”) on matters related to the learning targets(s) to be
assessed, not on tangential aspects of the assessment like
format.
3. If graded, evaluate student work against the criteria students
were trying to reach,
where appropriate, as well as
conventional criteria for real work in the discipline.
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telephone Number: (075)-522-2202; Email Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph
ABSTRACTION
Examples of Creative Thinking
• In the given sequence: 0,3,6,9…, find the 117th number and the
general formula.
• You have been asked to design an aquarium in the shape of a
rectangular prism for the school’s visitor lounge. Because the type of
the fish being purchased, the pet store recommends that the
aquarium hold 24 cubic feet of water. Find as many different
dimensions for the aquarium as possible. Then decide which
aquarium you would recommend and why?
• 5 boys and 5 girls are standing in a line.
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telephone Number: (075)-522-2202; Email Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph
“Assess for success”
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telephone Number: (075)-522-2202; Email Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telephone Number: (075)-522-2202; Email Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph