CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION The skills used by a person to properly interact with others. In the business domain, the term generally refers to an employee’s ability to get along with others while getting the job done. Interpersonal skills include everything from communication and listening skills to attitude and deportment. Good interpersonal skills are a prerequisite for many positions in an organization. The term “interpersonal skills” is somewhat of a misnomer, because it refers to character traits possessed by an individual rather than skills that can be taught in a classroom. Within an organization, employees with good interpersonal skills are likely be more productive than those with poor interpersonal skills, because of their propensity to project a positive attitude and look for solutions to problems. Interpersonal skills are the personal qualities and behaviors that we demonstrate when we interact with those around us. Some are innate personality traits that can be developed, and others have been acquired In certain social situations. Deploying our interpersonal skills in a certain situation is always a conscious choice, and the appropriate nature of this choice will go a long way to determining our impact on others and ultimately our employability. Getting along with our colleagues will add to the bottom line. Whether you are resolving a conflict, gaining someone’s respect or working out what someone is trying to say, interpersonal skills are what keep the wheels turning. Interpersonal skills come under the umbrella of soft skills, which are social and emotional-based skills, but also include executive functioning abilities such as time management and organization. With a little time and effort, you can develop 1 these skills. Good interpersonal skills can improve many aspects of your life – professionally and socially – they lead to better understanding and relationships. Interpersonal skills are also sometimes referred to as social skills, people skills, soft skills, communication skills, or life skills. Although these terms can include interpersonal skills they tend to be broader and therefore may also refer to other types of skills. Though the terms intrapersonal and interpersonal are used interchangeably by people, there is a distinct difference between the two. Intrapersonal deals with the emotions, feelings, and thoughts that are stirred within an individual which the person next to them might not even be aware of. This is quite different from interpersonal skills, which are immediately visible to an external audience. There does, however, exist a very strong relationship between them; good intrapersonal skills will go a long way in producing good interpersonal relationships. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The background of the student focuses on the examination of the role that interpersonal and intrapersonal skills play in determining the academic performance of students with a background in Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The study aims to understand how these skills can impact the success of students in their academic pursuits within the ICT field. The goal is to determine if possessing strong interpersonal and intrapersonal skills can enhance academic performance and lead to better outcomes for ICT students. The term “interpersonal skills” is somewhat of a misnomer, because It refers to character traits possessed by an individual rather than skills that can be taught in a classroom. Interpersonal skills are the life skills we use every day to communicate and 2 interact with other people, both individually and in groups. Though the terms intrapersonal and interpersonal are used interchangeably by people, there is a distinct difference between the two. Intrapersonal deals with the emotions, feelings, thoughts that are stirred upon within an individual which the person next to them might not even be aware of. This is quite different from interpersonal skills, which is immediately visible to an external audience. There does however, exist a very strong relationship between them; good intrapersonal skills will go a long way in producing good interpersonal relationships. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK The study association between students’ interpersonal skills and achievement is based on Walberg’s educational productivity theory. This theory directed that student’s additional variables (cognitive, behavioral, and attitudinal) influence their achievement. Walberg’s theory also recognized nine students’ variables (previous achievement, motivation, developmental level, the quantity of instruction, quality of instruction, home environment, classroom climate, interpersonal skills/peer group relationship, and experience to mass media) influence on their educational achievement. The first three variables characterize as aspects of student aptitude. The fourth and fifth variables disclose teaching factors, and the rest of the four Variables represent aspects of environmental factors. The study variable interpersonal skills (independent variable) consist of how well students get along with others that measured through rating scale, while curriculum-based achievement scores are considered as academic achievement (dependent variable). Abid, Ali, and Akhter also concluded that “proximal” variables (psychological, instructional, and 3 environmental condition) have a more influence on achievement than “distal” variables (demographics, state/district). CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Independent Variable Dependent Variable 2. Extent of students interpersonal skills in terms of: 2.1. Speaking 2.2. Listening 1. Profile 2.3. Decision making 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. Age Sex Total Family Income 3. Extent of students intrapersonal skills in terms of: 3.1. Persistence 3.2. Time management 3.3. Self-discipline Figure 1. Paradigm of the study The first box includes the profile which includes 1.1. Age, 1.2. Sex, 1.3. Total Income then the second box includes the extent of students interpersonal and intrapersonal skills. RELATED LITERATURE Interpersonal Skills Interpersonal skills are the abilities that a person uses to communicate and interact with others in daily life, both individually and in groups. These skills involve effective speaking and writing, as well as the ability to handle and regulate one's emotions. 4 Intrapersonal skills are internal abilities and behaviors that help a person manage their emotions, cope with challenges, and learn new information. According to Cuncic, A. (2022) students who have the courage to speak in front of the class can benefit from various strategies to improve their public speaking skills. One effective strategy is to volunteer to speak in front of the class as often as possible and to be the first one to raise your hand when a question is asked. Observing other speakers who are good at what they do and practicing imitating their style and confidence can also be helpful. Educators can praise students for concentrating and give them concrete or informal rewards to encourage them to continue speaking in front of the class. According to Waterford Organization (2020) students with great listening skills are able to effectively process and understand what they hear in the classroom. Developing listening skills can lead to lasting advantages in a student's academic career and beyond, including improved communication, language acquisition, and relationship skills. Active listening skills, which involve empathy, genuineness, and positive regard, can be fostered through certain skillful ways of interacting. Overall, developing good listening skills is important for academic success and personal growth. According to Walden University (2023) There are several effective techniques for developing students' decision-making skills. One technique is to teach critical thinking skills, such as analyzing, evaluating, and assessing, which are essential for making informed decisions in all subject areas. According to Hartung, J. (2019) working with peers can make decision-making easier by providing different perspectives and ideas. When making decisions with peers, it is important to follow the steps of the decision- 5 making process, such as framing the decision, gathering information, evaluating options, and making a choice. Being assertive and taking command of the decisionmaking process can also help when working with peers. Intrapersonal Skills Intrapersonal skills refer to a person's ability to be self-aware and control their own internal attitudes and processes. These skills are important because they form the foundation on which a person builds their relationships with others. Intrapersonal skills include self-awareness, self-confidence, self-control, self-motivation, and analytical thinking, among others. They help a person navigate their interpersonal relationships and handle and regulate their emotions. According to the article from Classroom Synonym (2020) students who attend class early have several advantages, including more time to prepare for the day and less likelihood of missing important information. Regular school attendance is also linked to academic success, although there are exceptions to this rule. Starting school early in the day has been shown to have benefits for academic performance, health, and extracurricular activities. Additionally, early school start times may be more convenient for parents who can drop off their children before work. According to an article from ADDitude Editors. (2022) Students who are not daydreaming in class can benefit from various strategies to improve their ability to concentrate. Educators can utilize images, diagrams, smartboards, and gestures when delivering information to keep students' attention. Students can also benefit from having a specific word or gesture to help them refocus when they become distracted . Related Studies 6 Urquhart, J. (2020) Speaking confidently in public can be challenging, but there are various strategies that can help. One effective strategy is to prepare thoroughly by researching the topic and rehearsing the speech 2-3 times a day until the points are memorized. Being able to speak confidently can be highly effective in various aspects of life, including personal and professional settings. In a professional environment, speaking confidently can enhance employability during job interviews and increase the chances of obtaining internal promotions. According to Taylor, B. (2021) students who can understand what they are listening to even in noisy environments may have developed good auditory processing skills. However, background noise in the classroom can still be a challenge for many students, especially those with hearing loss or attention difficulties. Teachers can help by implementing better classroom management techniques and scheduling times for quiet and noisy activities. Waiting for your turn to speak is an important aspect of effective communication. It shows respect for the speaker and allows for a more productive conversation. Teachers can help students develop this skill by teaching active listening techniques, such as empathic listening and following. According to study of Nguyen H.P. (2021) finishing assignments before playing online games can have benefits for students. It allows them to focus on their schoolwork and complete it without distractions, which can lead to better academic performance. Games can also be beneficial for students with special needs, as they can provide opportunities for success and disrupt traditional learning approaches. However, it is important for students to balance their time between schoolwork and leisure activities, including online gaming. 7 According to study of Novak, B (2021) passing assignments on time can have several benefits for students. It can lead to better academic performance and fewer issues with academic performance, which can reduce the need to retake tests or exams. Additionally, passing assignments on time can provide students with more free time for hobbies and socializing with friends. According to study of Andrew, B. (2021) highly motivated students tend to have better academic outcomes and are more likely to achieve their goals. Motivation can be influenced by various factors, such as challenge level, social connection, and emotional support. Motivated students are also more likely to spend less effort on learning and complete their assignments on time, which can lead to better academic outcomes. According to study of Elaine, H. (2020) determination is a transformative quality that can help students turn their innate talents into success. To help students develop determination, educators can encourage them to set and track goals in various areas of their lives, such as academics, social life, sports, and hobbies. There are also selfdetermination skills and activities that students can utilize to develop this quality. Some determined students are also dedicated parents, and they are more likely to be students of color. According to study of Elias, M. J. (2019) staying up all night to finish assignments is not a healthy or effective approach to managing schoolwork. To avoid this situation, students can develop self-management skills, such as setting achievable goals and tracking their progress towards them. Self-discipline is also important, and students can regulate themselves by keeping focused on assignments or in classes, avoiding distractions, and making sure they are on track with deadlines. 8 According to study of Lynch, M. (2021) students who focus on class can benefit from various strategies to improve their ability to concentrate. Educators can utilize images, diagrams, smartboards, and gestures when delivering information to keep students' attention. Self-management plans and strategies can also help students develop selfdiscipline, self-motivation, and independent learning, such as setting small, reachable goals that the student can work towards and using rating scales to track progress. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 1. What is the demographic profile of the students in terms of: 1.1. Age 1.2. Sex 1.3. Total Family Income 2. What are the extent of students interpersonal skills of the respondents in terms of: 2.1. Speaking 2.2. Listening, 2.3. Decision Making 3. What is the extent of students intrapersonal skills of the respondents in terms of: 3.1. Persistence 3.2. Time management 3.3. Self discipline 4. What is the level of Academic performance of the respondents as to their general average in the previous semester? 5. Are the interpersonal and intrapersonal skills associated to the respondents’ academic performance? 9 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS Interpersonal and intrapersonal does not associated to the respondent’s academic performance. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The Study would be significant to the following: To the Students – results of the study will help students through the use of their interpersonal skills, students are able to share ideas and opinions, which enhances their academic performance. To the Teachers – The effectiveness of a teacher’s interpersonal skills will enhance the quality of their lecture or teaching methods which then will enhance the students performance. To the Parents -results of the study may help the parents to properly guide their children in developing their communication skills To the future researchers, this research may serve as a basis for conducting a future research study on a wider scope by taking a comparison of study in the past about the (significance?) of using communication skills in the academic performance of students. 10 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION This study is limited only to the Interpersonal and Intrapersonal skills as determinants of academic performance of information and communication technology Students. This study covers two types of communication skills The study composes of 30 students, some of them are from grade 11 Senior High School Students of Red Link Institute of Science and Technology only. This Study limits its main coverage on the students od Red Link Institute of Science and Technology. Its main purpose is to determine the Interpersonal and Intrapersonal skills as determinants of academic performance. Each participants was given the same question to answer. 11 CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY In this chapter, the methods and procedures used in the study were presented by the researchers. This chapter presents the following sections: (a) research design, (b) respondents of the study, (c) sampling technique, (d) research instrument, (e) research procedure, (f) and statistical treatment of data. RESEARCH DESIGN The type of method the researchers used is Quantitative Research. The data gathered helped the researchers to understand their study more. Moreover, quantitative research gathered data through survey questionnaires. It is a descriptive research design which allowed the researchers to know the status and the views of the respondents using survey questionnaires. RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY Using Purposive Sampling, the researchers gathered respondents from grade 11 Information and Communication and Technology students of Red Link Institute of Science and technology which is 30 students who are engage in having this type of skills. Since almost of all the ICT students are exposed of this kind of skills. The researcher did not have a problem gathering them. The respondents of the study are compose of 17 males and 13 females from grade 11 ICT. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE The population focuses on Selected Grade 11 ICT students of Red Link Institute of Science and Technology school year 2022-2023. The sampling used in the study is Non-Probability sampling which is the purposive Sampling. It can also be subjective 12 or judgmental sampling wherein the researcher rely on their own judgement o choose certain people out of the total population to participate in the study. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT The researchers used survey questionnaires which contains 3 questions per sub-variable. The questionnaire is made by the researchers and validated by the validators the questions formulated helped the researchers to answers their statement of the problem. The first part of the survey questionnaire consists the demographic profile of the respondents such as name, age, sexl, total income. The second part includes the extent of students interpersonal skills in terms of speaking, listening, and decision making. The last part includes the extent of students intrapersonal skills in terms of persistence, time management, and self-discipline. 4 Likert scale is used to score the first to last part of the questionnaire. A printed survey questionnaire was used by the researcher to gathered and collect information to their respondents. It was an advantage for the proponents since the gathering of data and information are encoded in the printed survey form. Descriptive statistics was also used which consists of procedures that summarize and describe the important characteristics of set of measurements. RESEARCH PROCEDURE In the study, the researchers made questionnaires used to gather their data. Each of the participants received the same questions in survey questionnaires. The researchers gave individual survey questionnaires to the respondents. The answers by the participants are used to compare the answers in the Statement of the Problem. The researchers analyzed the same answers given by each of the participants. The 13 researchers used a survey to know the Interpersonal and Intrapersonal skills as determinants of academic performance. The researchers limit the respondents according to their willingness to participate in this study. Also, the researchers explained to the respondents that the gathered data will be confidential and will not cause harm to them, furthermore, the data that was collected will only be used in this study. STATISTICAL TREATMENT The information and data gathered from the respondents was tabulated using frequency and percentage distribution to find out how many responses for each item as well as its percentage. The survey questionnaire were tallied by the researcher for tabulation, data analysis and interpretation. 1. To know the student’ s percentage 𝑓 % = 𝑁 𝑥 100 Where % = percentage F = frequency N = Total Number of Respondents 2. To know the weighted average of the extent of students interpersonal skills, the researchers used weighted mean. The formula is: 14 where: xw = is the weighted mean wi = is the allocated weighted value xi = is the observed value Rubrics for Verbal Interpretation of the extent of student’ s Interpersonal skills: Range Interpretation 3.26 – 4.00 Strongly Agree 2.5 – 3.25 Agree 1.76 – 2.50 Disagree 1 – 1.75 Strongly Disagree 3. To know the weighted average of the extent of students interpersonal skills, the researchers used weighted mean. The formula is: Where: xw = is the weighted mean wi = is the allocated weighted value xi = is the observed value Rubrics for Verbal Interpretation of the extent of student’ s Intrapersonal skills: 15 Range Interpretation 3.26 – 4.00 Strongly Agree 2.5 – 3.25 Agree 1.76 – 2.50 Disagree 1 – 1.75 Strongly Disagree 4. To know the weighted average of the level of Academic performance of the respondents as to their general average in the previous semester, the researchers used weighted mean. The formula is: Where: xw = is the weighted mean wi = is the allocated weighted value xi = is the observed value Rubrics for Verbal Interpretation of the extent of student’ s Intrapersonal skills: Range Interpretation 3.26 – 4.00 Strongly Agree 2.5 – 3.25 Agree 1.76 – 2.50 Disagree 1 – 1.75 Strongly Disagree 16 5. To know if the interpersonal and intrapersonal skills are associated to the respondents’ academic performance. Where r = correlation coefficient xi = values of the x-variables x = mean of the values of the x-variable yi = values of the y-variable y = mean of the value of the y-variable 17 CHAPTER 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This chapter presents analyses, and discusses the results of the survey conducted through printed questionnaire with a 4-point Likert Scale regarding to the research entitled “Interpersonal and Intrapersonal skills as determinants of academic performance of grade 11 information and communication technology students”. The researchers incorporated statistical methods for interpreting data such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. The results are tabulated and are sought to answer the research questions: Table 1. The Demographic Profile of the Respondents in terms of Age Age Frequency Percentage Rank 16 years old 3 10% 4 17 years old 13 43% 1 18 years old 6 20% 3 19 years old and above 8 27% 2 Total 30 100% According to the table above, the majority of respondents (43% of the population) are 17 years old which consist of 13 students, while the least bracket which is 16 years old (3 or 10% of the respondents). This implies that the average of the student’s who are engaged of having Interpersonal and intrapersonal skills which is 18 years old. 18 Table 2. The Demographic Profile of the Respondents in terms of Sex Sex Frequency Percentage Rank Female 12 40% 2 Male 18 60% 1 30 100% The second table depicts the sex profile of the responders. The result shows that the majority of respondents are Male (18 or 60% of the population) who are engaged of having this type of skills, while 12 or 40% of the population are females who are engaged with this type if skills. Table 3. The Demographic Profile of the Respondents in terms of Total Family Income Total Family Income Frequency Percentage Rank 15k below 17 57% 1 25k 6 20% 3 30k above 7 23% 2 Total 30 100% According to the above-mentioned table, majority of the respondents (17 or 57% of the population) has 15k below family income in a year, while the least of the respondents (6 or 20% of the population) have 25k family income in a year. Table 4 shows the extent of Interpersonal skills of the Respondents. 19 Table 4. Extent of students Interpersonal skills in terms of speaking SPEAKING Mean Strd. Deviation V.I I have the courage to speak in front 3.43 0.57 Strongly Agree I am confident when I am speaking. 3.23 0.63 Agree I can speak clearly when I’m talking. 3.43 0.50 Strongly Agree Overall Mean 0.57 Strongly Agree of the class. 3.37 Legend: 3.26 – 4.00 Strongly Agree, 2.5 – 3.25 Agree, 1.76 – 2.50 Disagree, 1.75 1 – Strongly Disagree Table 5 explains the extent of students Interpersonal skills in terms of Speaking. The mean value of the indicators concerning Extent of Students Interpersonal Skills in terms of Speaking. The statement with a highest is “I have the courage to speak in front of the class.” (x= 3.43, SD=0.57) And “I can Speak clearly when I’m talking” (x= 3.43, SD=3.23) with an interpretation of “Strongly Agree”. It means that the majority of the respondents agreed that they had the courage to speak in front of the class and Speak clearly when they’re talking. Overall, the extent of students Interpersonal skills in terms of Speaking falls to “Strongly Agree” (x=3.37 ,SD= 0.57). According to Cuncic, A. (2022) students who have the courage to speak in front of the class can benefit from various strategies to improve their public speaking skills. One effective strategy is to volunteer to speak in front of the class as often as possible and to be the first one to raise your hand when a question is asked. Observing other speakers who are good at what they do and practicing imitating their style and confidence can also be helpful. Educators can praise students for concentrating and 20 give them concrete or informal rewards to encourage them to continue speaking in front of the class. Table 5 shows the extent of students Interpersonal skills in terms of Listening. Table 5. Extent of Students Interpersonal Skills in terms of Listening. Listening Mean Strd. Deviation Verbal Interpretation I can understand whom I’m 3.17 0.75 Agree 0.66 Strongly Agree talking to even if there is other noise around us. I always listen to the person 3.33 while they are talking. I wait for my turn to speak 3.37 0.61 Strongly Agree Overall Mean 3.29 0.67 Strongly Agree Legend: 3.26 – 4.00 Strongly Agree, 2.5 – 3.25 Agree, 1.76 – 2.50 Disagree, 1 – 1.75 Strongly Disagree. Table 6 explains the Extent of Students Interpersonal Skills in terms of Listening. The mean value of the indicators concerning Extent of Students Interpersonal Skills in terms of Listening. The statement with the mean is “ I wait for my turn to speak”. (x=3.37, SD=0.61) and “I always listen to the person while they are talking.” (x=3.33, SD= 0.66) with an interpretation of “Strongly Agree”. It means that the majority of the respondents strongly agreed that they’re waiting for their turn to speak. Overall, the extent of students Interpersonal Skills in terms of Listening falls to “Strongly Agree” (x=3.29, SD=0.67). According to Waterford Organization (2020) students with great listening skills are able to effectively process and understand what they hear in the classroom. 21 Developing listening skills can lead to lasting advantages in a student’s academic career and beyond, including improved communication, language acquisition, and relationship skills. Active listening skills, which involve empathy, genuineness, and positive regard, can be fostered through certain skillful ways of interacting. Overall, developing good listening skills is important for academic success and personal growth. Table 6 shows the extent of students Interpersonal skills in terms of Decision Making Table 6. Extent of Students Interpersonal Skills in terms of Decision Making Decision Making Mean Strd. Deviation Verbal Interpretation I can make my own decision. 3.30 0.79 Strongly Agree It is easier for me to decide with 3.13 0.73 Agree 0.73 Agree 0.75 Agree my peers. I consider others when I make 3.23 a decision. Overall Mean 3.22 Legend: 3.26 – 4.00 Strongly Agree, 2.5 – 3.25 Agree, 1.76 – 2.50 Disagree, 1.75 1 – Strongly Disagree. Table 7 explains the extent of students Interpersonal skills in terms of Decision Making. The mean value of the indicators concerning the extent of students Interpersonal skills in terms of Decision Making. The statement with the highest mean is “I can make my own decision” (x=3.30, SD=0.79) with an interpretation of Strongly Agree. It means that the majority of the respondents strongly Agreed that they can make decision on their own. Overall, the extent of students Interpersonal skills in terms of Decision Making fall to “Agree” (x=3.22, SD=0.75) 22 According to Walden University (2023) There are several effective techniques for developing students’ decision-making skills. One technique is to teach critical thinking skills, such as analyzing, evaluating, and assessing, which are essential for making informed decisions in all subject areas. According to Hartung, J. (2019) working with peers can make decision-making easier by providing different perspectives and ideas. When making decisions with peers, it is important to follow the steps of the decisionmaking process, such as framing the decision, gathering information, evaluating options, and making a choice. Being assertive and taking command of the decisionmaking process can also help when working with peers. Table 7 shows the extent of students Intrapersonal skills in terms of Persistence Table 7. Extent of students Intrapersonal skills in terms of Persistence PERSISTENCE Mean Strd. Deviation Verbal Interpretation I am highly motivated. 3.13 0.57 Agree I am goal oriented. 3.13 0.57 Agree I am determined 3.23 0.73 Agree Overall Mean 3.17 0.62 Agree Legend: 3.26 – 4.00 Strongly Agree, 2.5 – 3.25 Agree, 1.76 – 2.50 Disagree, 1.75 1 – Strongly Disagree Table 8 explains the extent of students Intrapersonal skills in terms of Persistence. The mean value of the indicators concerning Extent of Students Intrapersonal skills in terms of Persistence. The statement with the highest mean is “I am determined.” (x= 3.23, SD=0.73) with an interpretation of Agree. It means that majority of the respondents strongly agreed that they are determined. Overall, the extent of students Intrapersonal skills in terms of Persistence falls to “Agree” (x=3.17, SD=0.62) 23 According to study of Andrew, B. (2021) highly motivated students tend to have better academic outcomes and are more likely to achieve their goals. Motivation can be influenced by various factors, such as challenge level, social connection, and emotional support. Motivated students are also more likely to spend less effort on learning and complete their assignments on time, which can lead to better academic outcomes. Table 8 shows the extent of students Intrapersonal skills in terms of Time management Table 8. Extent of Students Intrapersonal skills in terms of Time Management Time Management Mean Strd. Deviation Verbal Interpretation I come to school early. 3.33 0.61 Strongly Agree I do my homework before 3.33 0.55 Strongly Agree 0.71 Agree 0.62 Strongly Agree playing online games. I pass all my activities and 3.20 assignment on time Overall Mean 3.29 Legend: 3.26 – 4.00 Strongly Agree, 2.5 – 3.25 Agree, 1.76 – 2.50 Disagree, 1.75 1 – Strongly Disagree Table 9 explains the extent of students Intrapersonal skills in terms of Time management. The mean value indicators concerning the extent of students Intrapersonal skills in terms of Time Management. The statement with the highest mean is “I come to school early.” (x=3.33, SD= 0.61) and “I do my homework before playing online games” (x=3.33, SD=0.55) with an interpretation of “Strongly Agree”. It means that majority of the respondents comes to school early and doing homework 24 first before online games. Overall, the extent of students Intrapersonal skills in terms of Time Management falls to “Strongly Agree” (x=3.29, SD=0.62) According to the article from Classroom Synonym (2020) students who attend class early have several advantages, including more time to prepare for the day and less likelihood of missing important information. Regular school attendance is also linked to academic success, although there are exceptions to this rule. Starting school early in the day has been shown to have benefits for academic performance, health, and extracurricular activities. Additionally, early school start times may be more convenient for parents who can drop off their children before work Table 9 shows the extent of students Intrapersonal skills in terms of Self discipline. Table 9. Extent of students Intrapersonal Skills in terms of Self-discipline. Self-discipline Mean I'll stay up late if I have to do an 3.43 Strd. Deviation Verbal Interpretation 0.57 Strongly Agree 0.67 Strongly Agree 0.68 Agree 0.64 Strongly Agree assignment I'll put myself in class, not on 3.37 daydreaming I'll put myself in class not on things 3.23 that didn't need Overall Mean 3.34 Legend: 3.26 – 4.00 Strongly Agree, 2.5 – 3.25 Agree, 1.76 – 2.50 Disagree, 1.75 1 – Strongly Disagree Table 9 explains the extent of students Intrapersonal skills in terms of Self-discipline. The mean value of the indicators concerning the extent of students Intrapersonal skills 25 in terms of Self-discipline. The statement with the highest mean is “ I’ll stay up late if I have to do an assignment”(x=3.43, SD=0.57) and I’ll put myself in class, not on daydreaming.” (x=3.37, SD=0.67) with an interpretation of Strongly Agree. It means that the majority of the respondents are strongly agree that they can stay up late just to do some assignments and they’re not daydreaming while they’re in class. Overall, the extent of students Intrapersonal skills in terms of Self-discipline falls to “Strongly Agree” (x=3.34, SD=0.64) According to an article from ADDitude Editors. (2022) Students who are not daydreaming in class can benefit from various strategies to improve their ability to concentrate. Educators can utilize images, diagrams, smartboards, and gestures when delivering information to keep students’ attention. Students can also benefit from having a specific word or gesture to help them refocus when they become distracted. Table 10 shows the level of academic performance and its interpretation. Table 10. Level of Academic performance Level of academic performance Interpretation 90 – 100 Outstanding 85 – 89 Very satisfactory 84 – 80 Satisfactory 79 – 75 Fairly satisfactory 74 and below Did not meet expectations 26 This table explains the level of academic performance of a student base on their grade and its interpretation. The result is (x=82.13, SD=2.37), which means the level of their academic performance as to their academic performance falls to Satisfactory. Which means all students from grade 11 information and communication technology Grades range to 84 – 80. According to an article from University of South Carolina. (n.d.) Grading is used to evaluate and provide feedback on student work. In this way, instructors communicate to students how they are performing in the course and where they need more help to achieve the course’s goals. Grades also provide a standardized way of communicating student performance to third parties, including the departments in which students are enrolled, and students themselves. To ensure that grades are fair and to motivate students to improve their performance, instructors should think about the alignment of their assignments to the course’s overarching goals and communicate their expectations and grading practices in a transparent manner. Students are generally highly motivated to improve their work when the instructions of an assignment are clear and achievable, when the standards the instructor uses for grading are clear and fair, and when the feedback is timely and well aligned with the assignment in question. 27 Table 11. Interpersonal skills Associated in respondent’ s academic performance. Variables Interpersonal SPEAKING LISTENING Correlation p-value Correlation coefficient coefficient -0.074** 0.697** -0.267** DECISION MAKING p-value Correlation P-value coefficient 0.153** -0.149** 0.431** Table 11 presents if the interpersonal is associated in respondent’ s academic performance. Using Spearman’s correlation, the results show that interpersonal skills have negative weak with speaking (Correlation Coefficient= -0.074, p-value=0.697). It signifies failure to reject the null hypothesis, which means that the interpersonal is not associated with academic performance the respondents. Table 12. Intrapersonal skills Associated in respondent’ s academic performance Variables Intrapersonal SPEAKING LISTENING Correlation p-value Correlation coefficient coefficient 0.177** 0.347** 0.074** DECISION MAKING p-value Correlation P-value coefficient 0.695** 0.374** 0.413** Table 12 presents if the intrapersonal skills is associated in respondent’ s academic performance. Using Spearman’s correlation, the results show that interpersonal skills have positive weak with speaking (Correlation Coefficient= 0.177, p-value=0.347). It signifies failure to reject the null hypothesis, which means that the interpersonal is not associated with academic performance the respondents. 28 CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS This chapter presents the Conclusion and Recommendation of the results of the study regarding to the research entitled “Interpersonal and Intrapersonal skills as determinants of academic performance of grade 11 information and communication technology students”. Conclusion: 1. Most of the respondents are male and 17 years old. 2. The result of the extent of Interpersonal was Strongly Agree meaning that their interpersonal skills can really help their studying. 3. The result of the extent of Intrapersonal was Strongly Agree meaning that their Intrapersonal skills san really help their inner self when studying alone. 4. The Level of Academic performance of Grade 11 ICT is Satisfactory meaning that all students from grade 11 ICT is Academically Active. 5. Interpersonal and Intrapersonal skills are not associated with respondents academic performance. 29 References ADDitude Editors, (2022). Easily Distracted? How to Tune Out Distractions & Focus on School. ADDitude. https://www.additudemag.com/end-distractibility-improving-adhd-focus-at-home-andschool/ Andrew, B. (2021). Happy Students Are MotivatedStudents. https://www.gse.harvard.edu/news/ed/21/05/happy-students-are-motivated-students Cuncic, A. (2022). 16 Public Speaking Tips for Students. Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/public-speaking-tips-3024732 Classroom Synonym. (2020). What Is the Advantage of Having School Start Early https://classroom.synonym.com/advantage-having-school-start-early-4526.html Elaine, H. (2020). 21 Self-Determination Skills and Activities to Utilize Today. PositivePsychology.com. https://positivepsychology.com/self-determination-skills-activities/ Elias, M. J. (2019). A Framework for Student Goal-Setting. Edutopia. https://www.edutopia.org/article/framework-student-goal-setting Hartung, J (2019). Peers in Decision Making. https://jessicahartung.com/2019/02/27/peers-in-decision-making/ How to test reliability method (2015). SPSS Tests. https://www.spsstests.com/2015/02/how-to-test-reliability-method-alpha.html 30 Lynch, M. (2021). 21 Strategies to Help Students Improve Their Ability to Concentrate – The Edvocate. The EEdvocate https://www.theedadvocate.org/21-strategies-to-help-students-improve-their-abilityto-concentrate/ Michigan State University. (n.d.). GOAL ORIENTATION – Empowering Teachers to Enhance Adolescents’ Motivation for Science – Research – College of Education https://education.msu.edu/research/projects/eteams/goal-orientation/ Novak, B. (2021). The Benefit of Time Management for College Students and Others. https://riverjournalonline.com/schools/the-benefit-of-time-management-for-collegestudents-and-others/23893/ Nunnally, J.C. and Bernstein, I.R. (1994). Psychometric theory. Ed. Ke-3, McGrawHill, New York Nguyen, H. P. (2021). How to Use Gameplay to Enhance Classroom Learning. Edutopia. https://www.edutopia.org/article/how-use-gameplay-enhance-classroom-learning Pallant, J. (2001). SPSS survival manual – a step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for windows (version 10). Buckingham Open University Press. Taylor, B. (2021) How Teachers Can Tackle Noise and Hearing Loss. https://thejournal.com/articles/2021/12/08/how-teachers-can-tackle-noise-andhearing-loss.aspx?m=1 31 Urquhart, J. (2020). 6 Public speaking techniques to Engage your Audience. https://www.idoinspire.com/blog/6-participation-techniques-to-engage-your-audience Walden University. (2023). 7 Ways to Teach Critical Thinking in Elementary Education. https://www.waldenu.edu/online-bachelors-programs/bs-in-elementaryeducation/resource/seven-ways-to-teach-critical-thinking-in-elementary-education Waterford Organization (2020). The Value of Listening in the Classroom: How to Teach Your Students Active Listening. https://www.waterford.org/education/active-listening-in-the-classroom/ What is a Grade? Center for Teaching Excellence | University of South Carolina. (n.d.). https://sc.edu/about/offices_and_divisions/cte/teaching_resources/grading_assessm ent_toolbox/what_is_grade/index.php 32 APPENDIX 33 LETTER OF CONSENT 34 SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE We, the students of TVL Information and Communication Technology Strand of Red Link Institute of Science and Technology are conducting a survey regarding our research topic entitled “Interpersonal and Intrapersonal skills as determinants of academic performance of Grade 11 Information and Communication Technology students. We will deeply appreciate it if you could completely answer the following Questions. Rest assured that the information obtained from the respondents will remain confidential. Name:_____________ Age: 16 17 Sex: __ Female __ Male 18 19 and above Total Family Income: 15k below 25k 30k above INTERPERSONAL Directions: Put a check (✔️) on the corresponding number if your answer is Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree, Strongly Disagree. I. SPEAKING STATEMENT (4)Strongly (3)Agree (2)Disagree (1)Strongly Agree Disagree I have the courage to speak in front of the class. I am confident when I am speaking. I can speak clearly when I’m talking. II. LISTENING STATEMENT (4)Strongly (3)Agree (2)Disagree (1)Strongly Agree Disagree I can understand whom I'm talking to even if there is other noise around us. I always listen to the person while they are talking. I wait for my turn to speak. 35 III. DECISION MAKING STATEMENT (4)Strongly (3)Agree (2)Disagree (1)Strongly Agree Disagree I can make my own decision. It is easier for me to decide with my peers. I consider others when I make a decision. INTRAPERSONAL Directions: Put a check (✔️) on the corresponding number if your answer is Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree, Strongly Disagree. I. PERSISTENCE STATEMENT (4)Strongly (3)Agree (2)Disagree (1)Strongly Agree Disagree I am highly motivated. I am goal oriented. I am determined II. TIME MANAGEMENT STATEMENT (4)Strongly (3)Agree (2)Disagree (1)Strongly Agree Disagree I come to school early. I do my homework before playing online games. I pass all my assignments and activities on time. III. SELF-DISCIPLINE STATEMENT (4)Strongly Agree I'll stay up late if I have to do an assignment I'll put myself in class, not on daydreaming I'll put myself in class not on things that didn't need (3)Agree (2)Disagree (1)Strongly Disagree 36 CONTENT VALIDATION ON INTERPERSONAL AND INTRAPERSONAL SKILLS AS DETERMINANTS OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 11 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY STUDENTS SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE Directions to the Validators: Please determine whether each item is essential (to be kept) or not essential (item to be removed). Please indicate in comments, if any items (to be kept) need to be changed or modified. Essential Not Essential Comments Essential Not Essential Comments A. SPEAKING STATEMENT I have the courage to speak in front of the class. I am confident when I am speaking. I can speak clearly when I’m talking. B. LISTENING STATEMENT I can understand whom I’m talking to even if there is other noise around us. I always listen to the person while they are talking. I wait for my turn to speak. 37 C. DECISION MAKING Essential Not Essential Comments Essential Not Essential Comments Essential Not Essential Comments STATEMENT I can make my own decision. It is easier for me to decide with my peers. I consider others when I make a decision. D. PERSISTENCE STATEMENT I am highly motivated. I am goal oriented. I am determined. E. TIME MANAGEMENT STATEMENT I come to school early. I do my homework before playing online games. I pass all my assignments and activities on time. 38 Comments Not Essential Essential F. SELF-DISCIPLINE STATEMENT I’ll stay up late if I have to do an assignments. I’ll put myself in class not on daydreaming. I’ll put myself in class not on things that didn’t need ADDITIONAL COMMENTS Validate by: _______________________ Signature Over printed Name / date 39 VALIDATION TOOL ON INTERPERSONAL AND INTRAPERSONAL SKILLS AS DETERMINANTS OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 11 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY STUDENTS SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE Direction: This tool asks for your evaluation of the questionnaire to be used in the data gathering for the investigation started above, to establish its validity. You are requested to give your honest assessment using the criteria started below, please check (/) only one from the selection. SCALE INTERPRETATION DESCRIPTION 5 Very high Valid The questionnaire is valid and can provide unbiased data for investigation, allowing 0-5% error. 4 High Valid The questionnaire is valid and can provide unbiased data for investigation, allowing 8-10% error. 3 Valid The questionnaire is valid and can provide unbiased data for investigation, allowing 11-15% error. 2 Less Valid The questionnaire is valid and can provide unbiased data for investigation, allowing 16-20% error. 1 Not valid at all The questionnaire is valid and can provide unbiased data for investigation, allowing 21-25% error. VALIDATOR’S QUESTIONNAIRE ASSESMENT INDICATORS 5 4 RATING 3 2 1 1. The indicators in the questionnaire consistency and accurately measure each variable of the investigation. 2. The questionnaire fits with the variable under the investigations, thus measuring what it tends to measure. 3. The questionnaire has the capacity to measure items of variables with a given time frame. 4. The questionnaire has the ability to distinguish the characteristics on the properties of differing of the subjects under study. 5. The questionnaire has the ability to gather factual data eliminating biases and subjectivity. 6. Quick and complete data can be generated by the questionnaire With in the time frame. 40 COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS: Validated by: __________________________ Signature over Printed Name / date 41 CERTIFICATE OF INSTRUMENT VALIDATION This is to certify that the survey questionnaire / instrument of the study entitled INTERPERSONAL AND INTRAPERSONAL SKILLS AS DETERMINANTS OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 11 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY STUDENTS prepared by: CHESKA M. MENDOZA ARABELA A. SENTILLAS MARIANEJANE BALISBIS HANNAH REGINA GABIN JUN JASON DOMINGO ABEGAEL ARBUES YUFA SIMBAJON RHINA LIRIO has been validated and found to be complete and satisfactory will respect to face and validity. Signature over Printed Name of Validator 42 REABILITY INSTRUMENT Table 1. Reliability of Instrument through Interna Consistency Method Variable 1.Interpersonal 2.Intrapersonal Cronbach’s Alpha 0.83 0.75 Interpretation High Reliability High Reliability SPSS OUTPUTS Reliability Interpersonal Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items .883 9 Intrapersonal Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items .745 9 Basic Decision Making in Test Reliability There are said to be the basis for a decision in the reliability test as follows. 1. If the value of Cronbach's Alpha > 0.600 the questionnaire items dictated reliable 2. If the value of Cronbach's Alpha <0.600 then dictated questionnaire items unreliability 43 Reliability test instruments can be done by using Cronbach's Alpha. The instrument has a high degree of reliability if the value of Cronbach's Alpha obtained as follows: 1. If Cronbach's Alpha> 0.90 = very high reliability 2. If Cronbach's Alpha 0.70 to 0.90 = High Reliability 3. If Cronbach's Alpha 0.50 to 0.70 = Reliability is quite high 4. If Cronbach's Alpha <0.50 = low reliability (SPSS Tests, 2015). Pallant (2001) states Alpha Cronbach's value above 0.6 is considered high reliability and acceptable index (Nunnally and Bernstein, 1994). Whereas the value of Alpha Cronbach is less than 0.6 considered low. Alpha Cronbach values in the range of 0.60 - 0.80 are considered moderate, but acceptable. While Alpha Cronbach in the ranges of 0.8 and up to 1.00 is consider very good. 44 STATISTICIAN'S CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the Senior High School research entitled “INTERPERSONAL AND INTRAPERSONAL SKILLS AS DETERMINANTS OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 11 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY STUDENTS,” prepared and submitted by CHESKA M. MENDOZA, ARABELA A. SENTILLAS, HANNAH REGINA GABIN, MARIANE JANE D. BALISBIS, JUN JASON DOMINGO, RHINA LIRIO, ABEGAEL ARBUES, YUFA SIMBAJON, in partial fulfilment of requirements for Humanities and Social Science, has been statistically reviewed by the undersigned. NOEL P. MUNDA Statistician 45 STATISTICAL RESULT 2. Weighted Mean fx4 fx3 fx2 fx1 Total Wgt. Mean Vsl. Int, 56 45 1 0 102 3.43 Strongly Agree 40 51 6 0 97 3.23 Agree 52 51 0 0 103 3.43 Strongly Agree Total 3.37 fx4 fx3 fx2 fx1 Total Wgt. Mean Vsl. Int, 44 39 12 0 95 3.17 Agree 48 51 0 1 100 3.33 Strongly Agree 52 45 4 0 101 3.37 Strongly Agree 3.29 Strongly Agree Total fx4 fx3 fx2 fx1 Total Wgt. Mean Vsl. Int, 52 45 0 2 98 3.27 Strongly Agree 36 51 6 1 94 3.13 Agree 44 48 4 1 97 3.23 Agree 3.22 Agree Total 46 3. Weighted Mean fx4 fx3 fx2 fx1 Total Wgt. Mean Vsl. Int, 28 60 6 0 94 3.13 Agree 28 60 6 0 94 3.19 Agree 44 48 4 1 97 3.23 Agree 3.17 Agree Total fx4 fx3 fx2 fx1 Total Wgt. Mean Vsl. Int, 48 48 4 0 100 3.33 Strongly Agree 44 54 2 0 100 3.33 Strongly Agree 40 51 4 1 96 3.20 Agree Total 3.29 fx4 fx3 fx2 fx1 Total Wgt. Mean Vsl. Int, 56 45 2 0 103 3.43 Strongly Agree 56 39 6 0 101 3.37 Strongly Agree 44 45 8 0 97 3.23 Agree 3.34 Strongly Agree Total 47 CURRICULUM VITAE NAME: Cheska M. Mendoza ADDRESS: Purok 1, Brgy. Mapagong, Calamba City CONTACT NUMBER: 09363657854 EMAIL: mendozacheska25@gmail.com ___________________________________________________________________ PERSONAL DATA Birthday: August 25, 2005 Birthplace: Mapagong Calamba, Laguna Age: 17 Religion: Catholic Sex: Female ___________________________________________________________________ EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND Elementary • Mapagong Elementary school (2010 – 2017) Junior High School • Camp Vicente Lim Integrated School (2017 – 2021) Senior High School • Red Link Institute of Science and Technology Corp (2021 – 2023) 48 NAME: Arabela Sentillas ADDRESS: Purok 3, Brgy Lawa Calamba Laguna CONTACT NUMBER: 09319976464 EMAIL: sentillasarabels07@gmail.com PERSONAL DATA Birthday: September 7, 2003 Birthplace: Brgy Lawa Calamba Laguna Age:19 Religion: Catholic Sex: Female EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND Elementary • Lawa Elementary School ( 2010-2016 ) Junior High School • Integrated School of Lawa ( 2017-2020 ) Senior High School • Red Link Institute of Science & Technology ( 2021 – Present) 49 NAME: Hannah Regina Gabin ADDRESS: Blk 27 lot41 Talisay Street St. Joseph homes Barangay Laguerta, Calamba City, Laguna CONTACT NUMBER: 09128298313 EMAIL: hannahreginagabinpeña@gmail.com PERSONAL DATA Birthday: April 09,2004 Birthplace: Manggahan street juna subdivision davao city Age:19 Religion: Catholic Sex: Female EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND Elementary .ALABANG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL( 2011-2017) Junior High School Grade7 . Pedro E . Diaz high school Alabang Muntinlupa city (2017-2018) • Palo alto integrated school Grade 8-10 (20182020 ); Senior High School • Red Link Institute of Science & Technology ( 2021 – Present) 50 NAME: Yufa R. Simbajon ADDRESS: Southville 6, Kay-Anlog, Calamba CONTACT NUMBER: 09555277445 EMAIL: yufarosetesimbajon17@gmail.com PERSONAL DATA Birthday:January 17, 2005 Birthplace:Sabang, Naic Cavite Age:18 Religion:INC Sex:Female EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND Elementary • Mayapa Elementary School (2010-2011) •Paciano Elem School (2011-2012) •Southville 6 elem school (2012-2016) Junior High School • Punta Integrated School (2016-2021) Senior High School •Red Link Institute of Science & Technology ( 2021-Present) 51 NAME: RHINA LIRIO ADDRESS: AMAIA SCAPES BLK62LOT15 CONTACT NUMBER: 09633166825 EMAIL: rhinalirio@gmail.com PERSONAL DATA Birthday:SEPTEMBER 11,2005 Birthplace:MAJADA OUT Age:17 YRS OLD Religion:CATHOLIC Sex:FEMALE EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND Elementary • BRGY BARANDAL(2010-2011) Junior High School • PUNTA INTEGRATED SCHOOL(2019-2020 Senior High School •REDLINK INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY(2021-2023 52 NAME: Abegael Arbues ADDRESS: Phase 1 Blk 6 Lot 50 Don jose homes Brgy.Banlic Calamba Laguna CONTACT NUMBER: 09353378239 EMAIL: abbya8884@gmail.com PERSONAL DATA Birthday:April 30 2003 Birthplace:Calamba,Laguna Age:20 Religion:Born-Again Sex:Female EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND Elementary • Banlic Elementary School (2011-2016) Junior High School • San Cristobal National High School Annex (2017-2020) Senior High School •Redlink Institute of Science and Technology (2021-2023) 53 NAME: Jun Jason O. Domingo ADDRESS: Purok 4 Brgy. Parian Calamba Laguna City CONTACT NUMBER: 09812462024 EMAIL: junjasondomingo@gmail.com PERSONAL DATA Birthday: April 28, 2005 Birthplace: Calamba Age:18 Religion: Catholic Sex:Male EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND Elementary • Parian Elementary School (2011-2015) Junior High School • San Cristobal National High School-ANNEX (2017-2020) Senior High School •Redlink Institute of Science & Technology (2021-2023) 54 Name: Mariane Jane delos Santos Balisbis Address: Purok 3, Brgy. Lawa, Calamba Laguna Contact number: 09750230295 Email: balisbismarianejane@gmail.com PERSONAL DATA Birthday: September 30, 2001 Birthplace: Sta. Elena Camarines Norte Age: 21 Religion: Born again Sex: Female EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND Elementary • Lawa elementary school Junior school • Integrated school of Lawa Senior high school • Red Link institute of Science & Technology (2023- present) 55