Economics formulas ;; • • • • • • • • • • • ATR or AR = TR / Qs ATC= TC / Qs Profit= TR – TC Average profit= AR – AC TR = P x Qs TC = VC + FC Marginal cost or Mc ( mac chicken) : Tc^2 – Tc^1 / Q^2 – Q^1 { total cost – quan-ty} AC = TC – output or { AFC + AVC} -> but why bother w more steps? AVC = Variable / number of units produced Price = ( TC / Total output) + % mark – up Market share: (Total sales of business / total sales of industry) x 100 -> poorly done mistake Ver$cal backward . (back you are going back, think of it as your mom she wants to cook pasta , first she needs supplies, she asks u to go to the supermarket and get raw pasta and pasta sauce, YOU ARE GOING TO THE SUPERMARKET TO get raw supplies) In short you are going backward to a supplier who supplies the needed supply to produce a product! Easy?? If u understood my example, you’ll understand ver$cal forward Ver$cal forward . ( later stage of produc$on) { your have your product fully processed and ready, your obvious next step is to sell your pasta , where? . at a store or according to the example I gave u – a restaurant – now u can generate sales in ur shop ( I also used to get this wrong , I understand it and so should u )