Professional Education
Preboard A
SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF EDUCATION
1. Under the 21st Century Life and Career Skills, which enables a person to respond to the change of
modernity?
A. Flexibility and Adaptability
B. Social and Cross-Cultural skills
C. Leadership and Responsibility
D. Productivity and Accountability
RATIONALIZATION:
Flexibility and Adaptability in the classroom are two of most important qualities that every teacher must
possess. These two characteristics also go hand-in-hand with one another. Flexibility is the idea that
your plans can change very quickly, sometimes with notice and sometimes without. Receiving criticism
(good and bad) from your advisers is extremely important in terms of flexibility because it will force you
to change up what you are used to doing. Being flexible means incorporating this feedback into your
teaching. Also, on-the-spot changes may also need to me made based on certain situations in the
classroom, often without prior realization. Adaptability is the ability to adapt to change. In general, it is
being able to acclimate yourself to changing roles, job responsibilities, material, and schedules. If you
cannot accommodate for these different aspects of teaching, it will be difficult to give your students the
best learning experience that they could possibly get, and of course that's always the goal!
2. Which pillar of learning describes the phrase “Unity in Diversity”?
A. Learning to live together
B. Learning to be
C. Learning to know
D. Learning to do
RATIONALIZATION:
Learning to live together in peace and harmony is a dynamic holistic and lifelong process through which
mutual respect, sharing, understanding, caring compassion, and social responsibility, solidarity,
acceptance and tolerance of diversity among individuals and groups (ethnic, social, cultural, religious,
national and regional) are internalized and practiced together to solve problems and to work towards a
just and free, peaceful and democratic society. Learning to live together involves developing,
broadening or changing perceptions of an attitude toward ourselves and others and consequently, the
way we behave in our daily encounters and interactions with others.
3. The teacher would like to focus on “WELLNESS” which needs to be developed among individual learners
and so she gives focus on __________________.
A. Vital values
B. Pleasure values
C. Spiritual values
D. Holy values
RATIONALIZATION:
Vital values are those pertaining to the well-being either of the individual and the community.
4. The teacher who spends more than what is earned, thus becoming vulnerable to loan sharks lacks
________
A. Financial literacy
B. Cyberliteracy
C. Eco-literacy
D. Media literacy
RATIONALIZATION:
Financial literacy is the education and understanding of various financial areas including topics related
to managing personal finance, money and investing. This focuses on the ability to manage personal
finance matters in an efficient manner, and it includes the knowledge of making appropriate decisions
about personal finance such as investing, insurance, real estate, paying for college, budgeting,
retirement and tax planning.
5. Owing to issues in friendship, family ties, gender rights, etc.________ is a value-rich subject that provides
a wide opportunity for value formation of learners.
A. Filipino
B. Social Science
C. English
D. Islamic Subject
RATIONALIZATION:
Social science is an academic discipline concerned with society and the relationships among individuals
within a society, which often rely primarily on empirical approaches.
6. Which run against the Filipino family value of sacrifice?
A. Willingness to forgive
B. Delayed satisfaction of desires
C. Inability to forgive
D. Tolerance of pain and mistakes
RATIONALIZATION:
To “sacrifice” means to give up something we hold dear in order to gain someone else even more
valuable. Although this is an idea and practice that’s considered archaic and unrealistic in today’s selfcentered, narcissistic world, if we think about it, sacrifice is really at the heart of any great
culture/society. Inability to forgive is an attitude that runs against the value of sacrifice.
7. A student passes a book report poorly written but ornately presented in a folder to make up for the poor
quality of book report content. Which Filipino traits does | this practice prove?
A. "Porma"over substance
B. Substance over "Porma"
C. Arts over academics
D. Art over Science
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is A, “Porma” over substance. When a student focuses more on designs and
embellishments rather than of content of a report, then it shows “porma” over substance.
8. When you wanted to genuinely clarify and point relative to an issue under a discussion in a meeting, what
will you do as a teacher?
A. Politely request for recognition to clarify your point.
B. Just keep quiet to avoid opposition
C. Discuss with seatmates to gain support
D. Oppose the other position
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is A. In communication, clarification involves offering back to the speaker the
essential meaning, as understood by the listener, of what they have just said. Thereby checking that the
listener's understanding is correct and resolving any areas of confusion or misunderstanding.
Clarification is important in many situations especially when what is being communicated is difficult in
some way. Communication can be 'difficult' for many reasons, perhaps sensitive emotions are being
discussed - or you are listening to some complex information or following instructions.
As a teacher, the best way to clarify an issue under a discussion is to politely request for recognition to
clarify your point.
9. In doing a research, which is needed to be more valid?
A. Assumptions
B. Hypothesis
C. Factual evidences
D. Conclusion
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is C, factual evidences. Conclusions drawn from analyzing research data can only
be valid if the evidences are factual since conclusions are based from the evidences.
PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING
10. Teacher Vanessa believes that students need not know the intended learning outcome of her lesson.
She proceeds to her learning activities at once without letting them know what they are supposed to learn
for the day. Which principle of learning does Teacher Vanessa negate?
A. Learning is the discovery of the personal meaning of ideas.
B. Effective learning begins with the setting clear expectations and learning outcomes.
C. Learning process is an active process.
D. Learning is a cooperative and a collaborative process.
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is B. Effective teachers set clear learning expectations and this was what Teacher
Vanessa failed to do before she proceeds with her lesson for the day.
11. Teacher Prince noticed that in group work, students just leave the work to the leader and so vowed never
to give group work again. Against which principle of learning is Teacher Prince’s decision?
A. Learning is the discovery of the personal meaning of ideas.
B. Learning is an active process.
C. Learning is a cooperative and a collaborative process.
D. Effective learning begins with setting clear expectations and learning outcomes.
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is C. Teacher Prince went against the principle which states that “Learning is a
cooperative and collaborative process” by not giving group work to his students. Collaborative learning
is a method of teaching and learning in which students team together to explore a significant question
or create a meaningful project. Cooperative groups work face-to-face and learn to work as a team. In
small groups, students can share strengths and also develop their weaker skills.
12. In his desire to finish the content of the course syllabus, Sir Janus just lectures while students listen.
Which principle of learning does Sir Janus violate?
A. Learning is a cooperative and a collaborative process.
B. Learning is the discovery if the personal meaning of ideas.
C. Learning is an active process.
D. Effective learning begins with setting clear expectations and learning outcomes.
RATIONALIZATION:
No one can learn for us in the same way that nobody can eat for us, nor live for us, nor die for us. If it is
my brother who solves my assignment in algebra, then it is my brother not me who will master the skill
of solving problems in algebra. This means that we must actively engage the learners in learning
activities if we want them to learn what we intend to teach. We must give our students opportunities to
participate in classroom activities. This quote serves as a summary of the first principle: “What I hear, I
forget. What I see, I remember. What I do, I understand.”
13. Mr. Sevilla requires his class to conduct research, write a research report and defend the same before a
panel of experts. In which level/s of processing will the students be engaged?
I.
Retrieval
II.
Comprehension
III.
Analysis
IV.
Knowledge utilization
A. III and IV
B. I, III and IV
RATIONALIZATION:
C. II, III and IV
D. I, II, III and IV
Marzano and Kendall have given Bloom’s taxonomy a bit of working over. They reframed the three
Domains and instead of categorizing learning activities they describe six levels of processing knowledge
as follows.
• Retrieval – involves the recognition and recall of information and the execution of mental
procedures and psychomotor procedures.
• Comprehension – involves the integration and symbolization of knowledge.
• Analysis – involves matching and classifying activities, analyzing errors, generalizing from
foundational knowledge and specifying logical consequences.
• Knowledge Utilization –
involves decision-making, problem-solving, experimenting and
investigating.
• Meta-cognitive System –involves the learner’s specification of learning goals, monitoring of the
learner’s own process, clarity and accuracy of learning. Simply put involves the learner’s
organization of their own learning.
• Self-System – involves the learner’s examination of the Importance of the learning task and their
self-efficacy. It also involves the learner’s emotional response to the learning task and their
motivation regarding it.
14. Teacher Clarence wanted her students to rate their own work using the scoring rubric which she
explained to the class before the students began with their task. Based on revised Bloom’s taxonomy, in
which level of cognitive processing are the students?
A. Applying
C. Synthesizing
B. Analyzing
D. Evaluating
RATIONALIZATION:
Bloom's taxonomy is a set of three hierarchical models used to classify educational learning objectives
into levels of complexity and specificity. The three lists cover the learning objectives in cognitive,
affective and sensory domains. The cognitive domain list has been the primary focus of most traditional
education and is frequently used to structure curriculum learning objectives, assessments and
activities.
• Knowledge – involves recognizing or remembering facts, terms, basic concepts, or answers
without necessarily understanding what they mean. Its characteristics may include:
a) Knowledge of specifics—terminology, specific facts
b) Knowledge of ways and means of dealing with specifics—conventions, trends and
sequences, classifications and categories, criteria, methodology
c) Knowledge of the universals and abstractions in a field—principles and generalizations,
theories and structures
• Comprehension – involves demonstrating an understanding of facts and ideas by organizing,
comparing, translating, interpreting, giving descriptions, and stating the main ideas.
• Application – involves using acquired knowledge—solving problems in new situations by
applying acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and rules. Learners should be able to use prior
knowledge to solve problems, identify connections and relationships and how they apply in new
situations.
• Analysis – involves examining and breaking information into component parts, determining how
the parts relate to one another, identifying motives or causes, making inferences, and finding
evidence to support generalizations.
• Synthesis – involves building a structure or pattern from diverse elements; it also refers to the
act of putting parts together to form a whole.
• Evaluation – involves presenting and defending opinions by making judgments about
information, the validity of ideas, or quality of work based on a set of criteria.
15. Teacher Rey shared this lesson objective/learning outcome with her students: “Before the period ends,
all of you must be able to identify the topic sentence and supporting sentences of a given paragraph.”
Teacher Rey drilled them on subject-verb agreement to ensure that they can write a good paragraph then
gave a ten-sentence paragraph for the students to determine subject-verb agreement before the class
period ended. Did Teacher Rey use the lesson objective/learning outcome as guide in the development
of her lesson?
A. A little, because subject-verb agreement is a must in paragraph writing
B. No,
C. Yes.
D. Very much, because she made use of a ten-sentence paragraph for the end-of-the-period quiz
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is B. Teacher Rey didn’t follow the objectives of his lesson. The drill activity he gave
was different from the learning objectives he shared with the class.
16. This is the time the teacher actually spends in the classroom giving instruction by various means.
A. Academic learning time
B. Mandated time
C. Allocated time
D. Teaching time
RATIONALIZATION:
The clock seems to manage every school day. The daily schedule is based on a variety of factors, such
as state- or district-mandated time periods for a given subject, bus schedules, local school schedules
for special classes, lunch periods, and teacher planning time. Wong and Wong (1998) describe four
different types of school-day time:
• Allocated time. The total time for teacher instruction and student learning.
• Instructional time. Also known as teaching time.The time teachers are actively teaching.
• Engaged time. The time students are involved in a task.
• Academic learning time. The time teachers can prove that students learned the content or
mastered the skill.
Read the following situation then answer numbers 17 and 18.
Teacher Algie proceed to her lesson without stating the intended learning outcomes
for the hour. She asked her students to work on Seatwok # 3 found in the Math
Workbook, pp. 3-4. After 40 minutes, the students corrected their own answers as
Teacher Algie dictated the answer.
17. What is an OBE/OBTL practice in Teacher Algie’s class?
A. Students’ correcting their own answers
B. The seatwork
C. Teacher Jing gave the answers
D. None at all
RATIONALIZATION:
Outcomes-Based Education/Outcomes-Based Teaching-Learning (OBE/OBTL) is focused not on what
the teacher intends to teach but rather the emphasis is on what is the outcome from the learner of that
teaching is intended to be. The basic premise of OBTL is that the teaching and learning activities and
assessment methods are constructively aligned with the intended learning outcomes (ILOs) for the
course. In other words, the outcomes determine the curriculum content, the teaching methods and
strategies, and the assessment process. The outcomes also provide a framework for curriculum
evaluation.
Teacher Algie’s practice was not in accordance with OBE/OBTL because she didn’t state the intended
learning outcomes for the lesson. The activity she gave was not based on outcomes.
18. If Teacher Algie develops lesson the OBTL way, what should she do?
A. Make students understand what they are expected to know and able to do after the lesson.
B. Make students arrive at the answers.
C. Correct the seatwork.
D. Make seatwork as homework.
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is A. In order to be able to apply OBE/OBTL, Teacher Algie was supposed to state
and make her students understand their learning outcomes.
19. In classroom curriculum implementation, which is referred to as the “Green Flag”?
A. Rigid Movement
B. Student interest
C. Content delivery blast
D. Too much chalkboard talk
RATIONALIZATION:
Green flags are practices we hope to see in classrooms in that subject area. Green flags: (a)
Heterogeneous classes with groups within (b) Student interest and teacher enthusiasm (c) Recognizing
that students may change in skills (d) Integration of problem solving (e) Students applying class lesson
in real-life situations (f) Enrichment activities available to students
20. In order for the students to clearly understand the structure and content of the teacher’s presentation, the
teachers should have?
A. Several years of experience as a presenter
B. A short preview
C. A summary
D. A short conclusion
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is B. Previewing is important because it allows you to use time more efficiently. It
will help the students better understand the structure and content of the teacher’s lesson.
21. In the instructional process, as the teacher completes the instruction on the lesson, what serves as the
basis of new lesson?
A. New information
B. Instructional tool
C. Appropriate methodology
D. Knowledge base
RATIONALIZATION:
New learning is constructed on prior knowledge. When we present them with problems or new
information, their prior knowledge and experiences influence their thinking. The more we understand
about what students already think, and the more we help them engage their prior understandings, the
more likely they are to learn well – and the less likely they are to misinterpret the material in our courses.
22. In introducing new lesson, what is important to consider by way of lesson continuity?
A. Relate past lesson to new lesson.
B. Prepare the instructional materials
C. Introduce new lesson.
D. Prepare new audio visual
RATIONALIZATION:
A review connects the current lesson with previous lessons by going over points that were taught or
learned previously.
23. Which of the following best implements research - based learning?
A. Power Point
B. Whole class discussion
C. Information data gathering
D. Intensive seat work
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is C, information data gathering. Research-based teaching means that students carry
out research in their courses independently and with an open outcome. This helps to internalize and
practice research conducts and methods, skills such as formulating a precise question and processing
and monitoring a research process.
24. The subject matter is the ASEAN Qualifications Framework (AQRF). The Asian History teacher teams
up with the Economics teacher, the Professional Education teacher for a thorough discussion of AQRF
from the perspective of other disciplines. Which describes the Asian History teacher’s pedagogical
approach?
A. Reflective
C. Inquiry-Based
B. Integrated
D. Constructivist
RATIONALIZATION:
The integrated approach helps pupils get a unified view of reality, and enhances their capability to
acquire real-life skills. It does this by linking learning content between and among subject areas. There
is integration when pupils are able to connect what they are learning in one subject area to a related
content in another subject area. For instance, topics learned in Math or Social Studies may be used by
the pupils with related concepts and skills in Reading and Language. The quality of learning outcomes
improves as pupils are able to integrate information across disciplines instead of acquiring them in
isolation.
25. Teacher Belinda avoids out-of-context drills. Instead she used real world problems for her students to
solve. Doing so makes Teacher Beth _________ in approach.
A. Reflective
B. Constructivist
C. Inquiry-based
D. Developmentally appropriate
RATIONALIZATION:
Inquiry-based learning is an approach to learning that emphasizes the student's role in the learning
process. Rather than the teacher telling students what they need to know, students are encouraged to
explore the material, ask questions, and share ideas. Inquiry-based learning uses different approaches
to learning, including small-group discussion and guided learning. Instead of memorizing facts and
material, students learn by doing. This allows them to build knowledge through exploration, experience,
and discussion.
26. How will you describe activities which involve questions and answers leading to discovery of an answer
or solution?
A. Interdisciplinary
B. Innovative
C. Integrative
D. Interactive
RATIONALIZATION:
Interactive learning is a hands-on approach to helping students become more engaged and retain more
material. With or without a form of technology, interactive learning helps students strengthen problemsolving and critical thinking skills.
27. Teacher Janus talked all period. He taught the class the steps to undertake in the conduct of an action
research. He also showed a poorly done action research. He explained why it is poorly done and finally
showed a model action research. Which teaching approach describes Teacher Janus’ lesson
development? Was Teacher Janus’ learner-centered?
A. No, he was more subject matter-centered and teacher-centered.
B. No, because his subject matter was highly technical.
C. Yes, he taught for all learners.
D. Yes, he made things easy for the learners.
RATIONALIZATION:
In the teacher-centered teaching approach, the teacher is perceived to be the only reliable source of
information in contrast to the learner-centered approach while in the subject-matter centered approach,
the subject matter gains primacy over that of the learner.
28. For meaningful teaching and learning, it is best to connect the lesson to the life of students by integrating
a relevant value in the lesson. Which principle is applied?
A. Write SMART lesson objectives/intended learning outcomes.
B. Begin with the end in mind.
C. Share lesson objectives/ intended learning outcomes with students.
D. Lesson objectives/intended learning outcomes must integrate 2 or 3 domains – cognitive, skill and
affective or cognitive and affective or skill and affective.
RATIONALIZATION:
Developing and delivering lessons by teachers are integral in the teaching process. It is hence important
for teachers to ensure that the three (3) domains of learning which include cognitive (thinking), affective
(emotions or feeling) and Psychomotor (Physical or kinesthetic) to be achieved. It is imperative to
understand that there are different categories of learners who have varying needs and as such different
methods must be adopted in the planning and delivery of lessons to ensure that such needs are
addressed
29. Teacher Dhelia’s lesson was on “what a man can do to arrest climate change.” She made the students
do the talking, arguing and synthesizing. The lecture was made after the students’ lively discussion. To
what approach did Teacher Dada use?
A. Subject-centered approach
B. Teacher-centered approach
C. Student-centered approach
D. School-centered approach
RATIONALIZATION:
Student-centered learning, also known as learner-centered education, broadly encompasses methods
of teaching that shift the focus of instruction from the teacher to the student. In original usage, studentcentered learning aims to develop learner autonomy and independence by putting responsibility for the
learning path in the hands of students by imparting them with skills and basis on how to learn a specific
subject and schemata required to measure up to the specific performance requirement. Studentcentered instruction focuses on skills and practices that enable lifelong learning and independent
problem-solving. Student-centered learning theory and practice are based on the constructivist learning
theory that emphasizes the learner's critical role in constructing meaning from new information and prior
experience.
30. Teacher Vel Marie said: “This is the rule on how to multiply fractions. To illustrate, let’s give examples.”
Then she gave fractions to the class for them to multiply. How did Teacher Vel Marie proceed?
A. Deductively
B. Inductively
C. Deductively then Inductively
D. Inductively then deductively
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is A. Teacher Vel Marie started her lesson on the rule (general) on how to multiply
fractions then proceed with giving examples (specific). Deductive approach involves the learners being
given a general rule, which is then applied to specific language examples and honed through practice
exercises. An inductive approach involves the learners detecting, or noticing, patterns and working out
a 'rule' for themselves before they practice the language.
31. During problem solving method, the teacher’s primary role is _______________.
A. Director
B. Lecturer
C. Clarifier
D. Judge
RATIONALIZATION:
In a Problem-Based Learning scenario the teacher's traditional role changes, and some teachers may
need some time to adjust. No longer is the teacher and text the source of all knowledge in the classroom.
During problem solving activities, the teacher acts as a clarifier especially when students are in doubt
how to go about the problem.
32. Which of the following provides open environment for discussing opinions without fear of being wrong or
ridiculed for an unpopular opinion?
A. Debate
B. Buzz Session
C. Symposium
D. Committee
RATIONALIZATION:
Buzz sessions are short participative sessions that are deliberately built into a lecture or larger group
exercise in order to stimulate discussion and provide student feedback. In such sessions, small subgroups of two to four persons spend a short period (generally no more than five minutes) intensively
discussing a topic or topics suggested by the teacher. Each sub-group then reports back on its
deliberations to the group as a whole, or sometimes combines with another sub-group in order to share
their findings and discuss the implications.
33. The school conducted a general student election for the Supreme Student Council. The election is
patterned after the COMELEC system. The school is using what kind of technique?
A. Symposium
C. Panel discussion
B. Simulation
D. Dramatization
RATIONALIZATION:
Simulation is an activity that simulates “almost real-life situation”. Other applications of simulation are
the following: simulated flight for aviation students, assigning student to be the mayor of the day.
34. Which of the following would be the best choice if a teacher would like to focus on attitudinal change?
A. Dramatization
C. Role play
B. Field study
D. Simulation
RATIONALIZATION:
Role playing allows the child to shows his own personal emotions and therefore is a good option when
focusing on attitudinal change.
35. Teacher Vanessa was assigned by her peer teacher to make a power point presentation to a large
combined class for the research paper of the drug use menace in school. The setting patterned that was
adopted effectively was ________________.
A. Horseshoe pattern
B. Rectangular pattern
C. Circular pattern
D. Traditional pattern
RATIONALIZATION:
The traditional lecture setup typically consists of rows of fixed seating. It is ideal for large class
discussions. Students face the instructor with their backs to one another. This classroom seating
arrangement is historically common in colleges and universities, minimizing student-student
communication and largely supporting a “sage on the stage” learning environment. The highest
communication interactions between professors and students typically occurs with students in the first
row or along the middle of the classroom. Students in back rows are more likely to be less engaged.
36. This is my questioning behavior: I ask the question; I pause for a while then call on a student. Which is
this questioning practice?
A. Involving as many as possible
B. Asking non-directed question
C. Asking for non-volunteers
D. Directing a question
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is A. Pausing for a while after asking a question means that you are giving the
students “think time” and you are encouraging as many as possible to become involved in the activity.
37. Outside the acceptable and effective ways with dealing of the disciplines is/are
A. Verbal reinforces
B. Dialogue
C. Additional homework
D. Award merit
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is C. Additional homework is not an acceptable and effective way of dealing with
discipline problems.
38. Eye wink, waving of hands and nodding of head are examples of __________________.
A. Gestures
B. Verbal communication
C. Body language
D. Facial expression
RATIONALIZATION:
A gesture is a movement performed by the body like waving the hands or nodding the head for example.
Body language on the other hand are the signals you communicate due to your posture and gestures.
For example, when people are uncomfortable they tend to cross their arms. Therefore, if you see
someone with their arms crossed you can say their body language shows that they are uncomfortable.
In summary, gestures are the movements themselves and body language is what they convey.
CHILD AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT
39. It is a type of play in which children watch alongside but not with each other.
A. Solitary Play
B. Onlooker Play
C. Parallel Play
D. Associative Play
RATIONALIZATION:
Onlooker play happens when the child watches others at play but does not engage in it. The child may
engage in forms of social interaction, such as conversation about the play, without actually joining in
the activity. This type of activity is also more common in younger children.
40. “Every Individual is a unique individual,” adheres to what principle:
A. We are born different
C. Every person is unique
B. Individual Differences
D. Each of us has uniqueness
RATIONALIZATION:
Many of a learner’s personal characteristics can affect how he or she learns. Individual differences are
often explanations for differences in learning and performance among learners. The study of individual
differences among learners’ permits is done with the idea that results can help educators design
instruction that better meets the needs of each learner’s needs.
41. Which statement about student diversity is CORRECT
A. Student diversity is solely due to students varied culture.
B. Teachers should value and accept diversity of students.
C. Teachers should not accept diversity of students.
D. The less diversity the better for the teacher and students.
RATIONALIZATION:
Having a diverse group of students simply means recognizing that all the people are unique in their own
way. Their differences could consist of their reading level, athletic ability, cultural background,
personality, religious beliefs, and the list goes on. There has always been diversity in the classroom, but
in today society it is important to embrace it and make positive use of it. Teachers should value diversity
and they need to model this attitude to their students. When people value diversity, they recognize and
respect the fact that people are different and that these differences is generally a good thing. For
example, when attempting to solve a problem, it is better to assemble a diverse team with many skills
and many different ways of approaching the problem than it is to assemble a team that has all their
strength concentrated in one area.
42. A student was raised by authoritative parents. What will be his attitude in school?
A. Quarrelsome
B. Distant
C. Inferior
D. Independent
RATIONALIZATION:
Kids raised by authoritative parents are more likely to become independent, self-reliant, socially
accepted, academically successful, and well-behaved. They are less likely to report depression and
anxiety, and less likely to engage in antisocial behavior like delinquency and drug use.
43. Along Erickson’s psychosocial theory, which statement is one of autonomy in early childhood?
A. As I do things I fell I made a mistake.
B. I do things without worrying about them.
C. I worry that my parents will find about them.
D. I am apologetic about what I’ve done.
RATIONALIZATION:
If you are a parent or if you have ever interacted with a child between the ages of 18 months and 3 years,
then you have probably witnessed many of the hallmarks of the autonomy versus shame and doubt
stage. According to Erikson, children at this stage are focused on developing a greater sense of selfcontrol. It is at this point in development that young children begin to express a greater need for
independence and control over themselves and the world around them. The major question to be
answered in this stage is "Can I do things myself or am I reliant on the help of others?"
FACILITATING LEARNING
44. How does a novice learner acquire information?
A. Meaningful information
C. Important information
B. Selected information
D. All of the information
RATIONALIZATION:
Novice learners are well-intentioned folks who are typically brimming with enthusiasm while lacking
actual knowledge about the subject being taught. They have limited or nonexistent experience with most
of their understanding of the subject based on basic rules. In problem solving, they are satisfied with
just scratching the surface and hurriedly gives a solution to the problem. They employ rigid strategies
that may not be appropriate to the task at hand, attempt to process all the information they receive, and
do not examine the quality of their work nor stop to make revisions.
45. Which level of knowledge is manifested when a learner is able to answer the question, "What was most
confusing to me about the material explored in class today?"
A. Factual knowledge
B. Conceptual knowledge
C. Procedural knowledge
D. Metacognitive knowledge
RATIONALIZATION:
In 1999, Dr. Lorin Anderson, a former learner of Bloom's, and his colleagues published an updated
version of Bloom’s Taxonomy that takes into account a broader range of factors that have an impact on
teaching and learning. This revised taxonomy attempts to correct some of the problems with the original
taxonomy. Unlike the 1956 version, the revised taxonomy differentiates between “knowing what,” the
content of thinking, and “knowing how,” the procedures used in solving problems.
The Knowledge Dimension is the “knowing what.” It has four categories: factual, conceptual, procedural,
and metacognitive. Factual knowledge includes isolated bits of information, such as vocabulary
definitions and knowledge about specific details. Conceptual knowledge consists of systems of
information, such as classifications and categories.
Procedural knowledge includes algorithms, heuristics or rules of thumb, techniques, and methods as
well as knowledge about when to use these procedures. Metacognitive knowledge refers to knowledge
of thinking processes and information about how to manipulate these processes effectively.
46. Who coined the term “scaffolding”?
A. Bruner
B. Piaget
C. Vygotsky
D. Pavlov
RATIONALIZATION:
Instructional scaffolding, also known as “Vygotsky scaffolding” or just “scaffolding,” is a teaching
method that helps students learn more by working with a teacher or a more advanced student to achieve
their learning goals.
The theory behind instructional scaffolding is that, compared to learning independently, students learn
more when collaborating with others who have a wider range of skills and knowledge than the student
currently does. These instructors or peers are the “scaffolding” who help the student expand her
learning boundaries and learn more than she would be able to on her own.
Vygotsky scaffolding is part of the education concept “zone of proximal development” or ZPD. The ZPD
is the set of skills or knowledge a student can’t do on her own but can do with the help or guidance of
someone else. It’s the skill level just above where the student currently is.
47. One cognitive advancement in adolescence is metacognition. What does METACOGNITION mean?
A. Ability to identify one’s own thinking process and strategies
B. Ability to recall and explain
C. Ability to analyze and synthesize
D. Ability to problem solving
RATIONALIZATION:
Metacognition is "thinking about thinking" or "knowing about knowing" and is own ability to have an
awareness of our cognitive processes when we are learning. Paying attention to how you think and how
your thinking affects how you learn enhances both self-awareness and brainpower. This “thinking about
thinking” is called metacognition, and it’s a skill teacher can introduce to students at a very young age.
48. What kind of learning does this Cyril Houle's quotation, "If you teach a person what to learn, you are
preparing that person for the past, if you teach the person how to learn, you are preparing them for the
future" mean?
A. Metacognitive learning
B. Learning with audio-visual
C. Technology with learning
D. Learning with graphs
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is A. The phrase means that teaching the students “how to learn” is better than
teaching them “what to learn”. This pertains to metacognitive learning which include learners being
taught how to plan, monitor and evaluate their own learning.
ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING
49. Assessment of learning is an __________ part of the teaching-learning process.
A. Enrichment
B. Auxiliary
C. Add on
D. Integral
RATIONALIZATION:
Assessment is an integral part of the teaching and learning process. Its purpose is to inform students
regarding their learning progress and teachers regarding ways to adjust the curriculum and instruction
to respond effectively to the learning needs of students. Further, it communicates to the school
community the progress of students in achieving the school’s expectations for student learning as well
as course-specific learning goals. Assessment results must be continually analyzed to improve
curriculum and instruction.
50. As an investigative tool, assessment can help discover various aspects of students learning but these
does not include ___
A. What students already know
B. what students can do
C. What students expect to learn
D. What learning gaps students have
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is C. The primary purpose of assessment is to improve students’ learning and
teachers’ teaching as both respond to the information it provides. Assessment for learning is an ongoing
process that arises out of the interaction between teaching and learning. It can do more than simply
diagnose and identify students’ learning needs; it can be used to assist improvements across the
education system in a cycle of continuous improvement.
Assessment can help measure what students already know and can do. It can also discover what
learning gaps or difficulties the students have. However, it is not the major puspose of assessment to
determine what the students expect to learn.
51. Identify the characteristic that can make assessment difficult to apply, and therefore should be avoided
by teachers.
A. Applying assessment contextually
B. Provide interactive feedback on student performance
C. Setting definite variables as in rubrics
D. Discussing abstract concepts
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is D. (A) Applying assessment contextually; (B) providing interactive feedback on
student performance; and (C) setting of definite variables e.g. rubrics are all ideal practices in
assessment. On the other, discussing abstract concepts will make assessment difficult to apply as they
are also difficult to measure and evaluate.
52. Compared with evaluation which is subjective, testing students is more objective because it is based on?
A. homework
B. quantifiable data
C. human judgment
D. class work
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is B. When defined within an educational setting, assessment, evaluation, and
testing are all used to measure how much of the assigned materials students are mastering, how well
student are learning the materials, and how well student are meeting the stated goals and objectives.
Here are some definitions:
• A test or quiz is used to examine someone's knowledge of something to determine what he or
she knows or has learned. Testing measures
or quantifies the level of skill or knowledge that
has been reached.
• Evaluation is the process of making judgments based on criteria and evidence.
• Assessment is the process of documenting knowledge, skills, attitudes and beliefs, usually in
measurable terms. The goal of assessment is to make improvements, as opposed to simply being
judged. In an educational context, assessment is the process of describing, collecting, recording,
scoring, and interpreting information about learning.
53. The class was taught how to conduct an action research and was required an end-of-the-term written
research report. The class was taught how to do the research report and was shown as an Analytic
Scoring Rubric for them to know how they will be graded. The class took the Scoring Rubric as guide in
the making of their research report. They were all motivated to pass an excellent research report and as
a group checked now and then if they were true to the qualities of an excellent research report as seen
in the scoring rubric. What form of assessment is described?
A. Assessment AS Learning
B. Assessment FOR Learning
C. Assessment OF Learning
D. Assessment FOR and AS Learning
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is D. It involves assessment as learning because they were the ones who monitored
their own progress using a scoring rubric in conducting an action research.
54. Apart from a quantifiable data, what else can be used as basis for grading?
A. Acceptance criterion
B. Performance criterion
C. Values criterion
D. Criterion rubrics
RATIONALIZATION:
Performance Criteria are evaluative statements, which specify what is to be assessed and the required
level of performance. They detail the activities, skills, knowledge and understanding that provide
evidence of competent performance of each element.
55. For real-world application the teacher can apply ___.
A. Demonstration
B. Performance
C. Simulation
D. Drills
RATIONALIZATION:
In general, a performance-based assessment measures students' ability to apply the skills and
knowledge learned from a unit or units of study. Typically, the task challenges students to use their
higher-order thinking skills to create a product or complete a process (Chun, 2010). Performance-based
assessments share the key characteristic of accurately measuring one or more specific course
standards. They are also complex, authentic, process/product-oriented, open-ended, and time-bound.
56. These are the criteria to reduce error in judging test content, sampling and procedures for tests except
A. Reliability
B. Predictability
C. Validity
D. Usability
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is B. All criteria mentioned (reliability, validity and usability) except for
“predictability” can reduce error in judging test content, sampling and procedures for tests. Reliability
refers to the extent to which assessments are consistent. Validity refers to the accuracy of an
assessment -- whether or not it measures what it is supposed to measure. Usability is the method or
process we use to determine how easy something is to identify, comprehend, and ultimately use.
57. Teacher wants to evaluate the child writing performance at the beginning, middle and after school year.
Which type of portfolio should the teacher use?
A. Evaluation portfolio
B. Development portfolio
C. Showcase portfolio
D. Assessment portfolio
RATIONALIZATION:
A development portfolio is a collection of work over time showing growth and improvement. It shows
how the owner (has) developed and therefore demonstrates growth. This type of portfolio will often also
contain products from various stages of the process, stages in which feedback has been received, and
possibly also products from work still in progress.
58. Teacher Iah wants her pupils to display their work where each one has worked. What type of portfolio is
the Teacher Iah expecting to see?
A. Assessment
B. Development
C. Showcase
D. Evaluation
RATIONALIZATION:
Showcase portfolios are designed to display a learner's best quality of work. This might be to highlight
student success, or to showcase a variety of accomplishments a student has achieved over a period of
time. In showcasing a student’s work, this portfolio allows them to describe and tell their own story.
Designing this type of portfolio requires creativity and individuality.
59. Which rubric CANNOT provide specific feedback for improvement?
A. Analytic rubric
C. Holistic
B. General analytic
D. Developmental rubric
RATIONALIZATION:
Creating a holistic rubric takes less time than the others, and grading with one is faster, too. The main
disadvantage of a holistic rubric is that it doesn't provide targeted feedback to students, which means
they're unlikely to learn much from the assignment. Although many holistic rubrics list specific
characteristics for each level, the teacher gives only one score, without breaking it down into separate
qualities.
60. How is content validity best assessed in the assignment to illustrate the law of demand and supply?
A. Illustration of demand and supply flow
B. Diagram of demand and supply trend
C. Correct definitions of demand and supply
D. Instances showing demand supplying demand
RATIONALIZATION:
When you create a test or questionnaire for a particular subject, you want the questions to actually
measure what you want them to. For example, the AP Physics exam should cover all topics actually
taught to students and not unrelated material like English or biology. This matching between test
questions and the content the questions are supposed to measure is called content validity. If some of
the test questions are measuring something else, this can create bias.
61. How can you get a mean of 86 if the total grade of 4 subjects is 85?
A. 83
B. 90
C. 84
D. 85
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is B, 90. If we use 83, 84 and 85 as the grade for the fifth subject, the mean will be
lower than 86. If we use 90 as the grade for the fifth subject, the mean would be equal to 86.
62. Using the standardized test, a school can determine _____ in order to give final grades or certification.
A. End-of-school year achievement
B. Degree of mastery
C. Remedial measures for improvement
D. Long serious problem
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is A. A standardized test is a test that is administered and scored in a consistent, or
"standard", manner. Standardized tests are designed in such a way that the questions, conditions for
administering, scoring procedures, and interpretations are consistent and are administered and scored
in a predetermined, standard manner. In the given question, it was mentioned that the use of
standardized test is to give final grades or certification which means that the closest answer is A, endof-school achievement.
63. Which is negatively skewed distribution?
A. More students are underachiever
B. Even from left to right
C. More got low score
D. More got high score
RATIONALIZATION:
A distribution is negatively skewed, or skewed to the left, if the scores fall toward the higher side of the
scale and there are very few low scores. In positively skewed distributions, the mean is usually greater
than the median, which is always greater than the mode.
64. In conducting item analysis, teacher Hazel found out that more on the lower group got item No. 6
correctly. This means that the item _____________.
A. Has lower validity
B. Is highly reliable
C. Has a positive discriminating power
D. Has a negative discriminating power
RATIONALIZATION:
A negative item discrimination means a higher proportion of people from lower group chose the answer.
This would be expected for an incorrect answer. A negative discrimination on a correct answer may
indicate something is wrong, as the 'good' students are not choosing the correct answer.
65. What does achievement test measure in previous learning?
A. Teaching coverage
B. Attitude and aptitude
C. Motivational level
D. Quality and quantity
RATIONALIZATION:
An achievement test is a test of developed skill or knowledge. It evaluates the information or skills a
student has already learned. This is the sort of testing most students will be familiar with. Instructors
use achievement tests to determine whether or not information was successfully learned and retained.
The most common type of achievement test is a standardized test developed to measure skills and
knowledge learned in a given grade level, usually through planned instruction, such as training or
classroom instruction.
66. Teacher wants to test student’s acquisition of declarative knowledge. Which test is the most appropriate?
A. Short answer
B. Essay
C. Performance test
D. Completion test
RATIONALIZATION:
Declarative Knowledge refers to facts or information stored in the memory, that is considered static in
nature. Declarative Knowledge, also referred to as conceptual, propositional or descriptive knowledge,
describes things, events, or processes, their attributes, and their relation to each other.
Short-answer questions are questions that require students to create an answer. They are commonly
used in examinations to assess the basic knowledge and understanding (low cognitive levels) of a topic
before more in-depth assessment questions are asked on the topic.
67. Which type of test measures students thinking organizing and written communication skills?
A. Short answer
B. Completion type
C. Essay
D. Extemporaneous speech
RATIONALIZATION:
Essay test is a test that requires the student to compose responses, usually lengthy up to several
paragraphs. It can be used to measure higher level thinking skills such as analysis, synthesis,
evaluation, and creativity. It assesses the ability to recall, organize, and integrate ideas, to express
oneself in writing, and to supply information.
68. Which test measure is basic to select and connect ideas?
A. Multiple choice
B. Matching type
C. Mapping
D. Outlining
RATIONALIZATION:
Concept maps, or mind maps are powerful graphic organizers that can be used in so many ways to
illustrate and explore connections. Creating a Concept Map provides students and teachers with an
opportunity to construct and share their understanding of a topic, theme, concept, area of interest – they
can even be used by teachers as a format for planning units or lessons of instruction. Mind mapping, or
concept mapping, can help students illustrate the connections between their ideas, concepts or content
in meaningful ways.
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
69. Which
tools?
I.
II.
III.
IV.
characteristics are necessary to be able to adapt to current demands of teaching using digital
Openness to learn
Positive attitude
Curiosity
Perseverance
A. I only
B. I and II
C. II and IV
D. I, II, III and IV
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is D. All the characteristics mentioned above are necessary for a teacher to be able
to adapt the use of digital tools.
70. The more senses that are involved, the better the learning. What does this imply?
A. Use visual aids.
B. Use audio aids.
C. Use audio-visual aids.
D. Use multi-sensory aids.
RATIONALIZATION:
The more senses that are involved in learning, the more and the better the learning. What is seen and
heard more than what are just seen and just are heard. One research findings confirm this: “Humans are
intensively visual animal. The eyes contain nearly 70 percent of the body’s receptors and send millions
of signals along the optic nerves to the visual processing centers of the brain. We take in more
information visually than through any of the other senses” (Wolfe, 2001). This implies the use of a
teaching strategies that makes use of more visual aids than mere audio aids.
71. Teacher B wants to make use of simulated life condition suitable for animals and plants living on land.
Which does she use?
A. Terrarium
B. Model
C. Aquarium
D. Poster
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is A. Terrarium, also called glass garden, wardian case, or vivarium, enclosure with
glass sides, and sometimes a glass top, arranged for keeping plants or terrestrial or semi-terrestrial
animals indoors. The purpose may be decoration, scientific observation, or plant or animal propagation.
72. What material is best to use if intended material is not available?
A. Supplementary material
B. Audio-visual material
C. Improvised material
D. Digital material
RATIONALIZATION:
Oyediran (2010) defines improvisation as the art of using materials or equipment obtained from local
environment or produced by the teacher, and with the assistance of the local personnel to enhance
instruction. In other to teach by inquiry method or use activity based instructions, improvisation is
required since instructional materials seem not to be adequate (Okebukola, 2002). Bassey (2002) defined
improvisation as the process of making equipment and materials by the students or by engaging the
services of others in the absence of real or manufactured ones. Generally, improvisation of instructional
materials is an attempt to adapt and make use of local resources in the teaching/learning process when
the ready-made materials are not available or are in shortfall or not within the reach of users. The teacher
and the students could produce the improvised instructional materials.
73. Which social service is available in the computer?
A. Google
B. Facebook
C. I-pad
D. Wikipedia
RATIONALIZATION:
Facebook is a social networking site that makes it easy for you to connect and share with family and
friends online. Originally designed for college students, Facebook was created in 2004 by Mark
Zuckerberg while he was enrolled at Harvard University. By 2006, anyone over the age of 13 with a valid
email address could join Facebook. Today, Facebook is the world's largest social network, with more
than 1 billion users worldwide.
74. Teacher Carl, a Social Studies teacher, wants his Grade 7 students to express their opinions, sentiments,
and ideas regarding a certain government issue in the national level. Which of the following can he BEST
use to facilitate such?
A. Forum
B. Blog
C. E-mail
D. Group messaging
RATIONALIZATION:
An Internet forum, or message board, is an online discussion site where people can hold conversations
in the form of posted messages. They differ from chat rooms in that messages are often longer than one
line of text and are at least temporarily archived. Also, depending on the access level of a user or the
forum set-up, a posted message might need to be approved by a moderator before it becomes publicly
visible.
75. Miss Mary is preparing slides for her lesson demonstration; she remembers to supply the rule of six. Most
likely she will _______________________.
A. Identify six important points to discuss and use about six minutes to explain each point.
B. Include six paragraphs presented in six slides.
C. Limit her presentation to six with six sentences on each slide.
D. Have six lines on each slide with each line having not more than six words.
RATIONALIZATION:
The “6x6” Rule
• No more than six (6) bulleted items
• No more than six words per bullet
a) Take out the sentences and replace with phrases
b) Leave out punctuation
c) Attempt to begin each item with a similar part of speech
76. Miss Gasat is planning technology integration in her science lesson on states of matter. She is applying
her pedagogical knowledge when she _____.
A. Studies how to attach a video to her audio-visual presentation
B. Looks into the characteristics and interests of the learners in order to choose activities that would
match them
C. Learn how to scan picture to include in her presentation
D. Researches further on plasma as another state of matter
RATIONALIZATION:
• Content knowledge (CK) – is teachers’ knowledge about the subject matter to be learned or
taught. The content to be covered in middle school science or history is different from the content
to be covered in an undergraduate course on art appreciation or a graduate seminar on
astrophysics. Knowledge of content is of critical importance for teachers. As Shulman (1986)
noted, this knowledge would include knowledge of concepts, theories, ideas, organizational
frameworks, knowledge of evidence and proof, as well as established practices and approaches
toward developing such knowledge.
•
•
Pedagogical knowledge (PK) – is teachers’ deep knowledge about the processes and practices
or methods of teaching and learning. They encompass, among other things, overall educational
purposes, values, and aims. This generic form of knowledge applies to understanding how
students learn, general classroom management skills, lesson planning, and student assessment.
It includes knowledge about techniques or methods used in the classroom; the nature of the
target audience; and strategies for evaluating student understanding.
Technological knowledge (TK) is a person’s understanding of the function and operation of
currently available technology and applications on that technology, for example, an
understanding of how to operate a tablet, download an app, and share a screenshot of something
made in that app.
77. MOOCs are considered massive because ________.
A. They can only be provided by big universities.
B. They were designed and created by a big group of experts.
C. They need a big amount of computer storage to be able to avail of a course.
D. They can accommodate a big number of learners.
RATIONALIZATION:
Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) is considered “massive” because it allows access to a very large
number of students, much larger than a face-to-face class, or a traditional online course. In addition, the
course should be prepared to accept changes in the number of students in several orders of magnitude,
for example, going from 1,000 to 100,000 students, without a major problem for operation.
78. Mr. Oliver is evaluating a website for his Literature class. He is making sure that factual pieces of
information found on the site are well documented and pictures and diagrams are properly labeled. He is
also checking that there are no misspelled words nor grammar errors. Which criterion is focusing on?
A. Clarity
B. Appropriateness
C. Accuracy
D. Motivation
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is C. Accuracy is to be ensuring that the information is correct and without any
mistake.
DEVELOPMENTAL READING
79. What is the special program given to the students who can’t read?
A. Reading program
B. Phonic program
C. Literary program
D. Language program
RATIONALIZATION:
An effective reading program develops reading competence in all students and is based on proven
practices. A core reading program is the primary instructional tool that teachers use to teach children to
learn to read and ensure they reach reading levels that meet or exceed grade-level standards. A core
program should address the instructional needs of the majority of students in a respective school or
district.
80. Which of these does NOT belong to the external factors that affect reading point of reference?
A. Parents
B. Peers
C. Financial reward
D. Enjoyment of reading
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is D. Parents, peers and financial reward are external factors that can affect reading
a learner’s reading ability. Enjoyment of reading is a factor than occurs within the learner.
81. Good readers make use of effective reading strategies. Which are examples effective reading strategies?
I.
Predicting
II.
Inferring
III.
Summarizing
IV.
Visualizing
A. I, II, III
B. I, III, IV
C. II, III, IV
D. I, II, III, IV
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is D. I, II, III and IV are all effective strategies that can be employed in reading.
Examples of comprehension skills that can be taught and applied to all reading situations include:
• Summarizing
• Sequencing
• Inferencing
• Comparing and contrasting
• Drawing conclusions
• Self-questioning
• Problem-solving
• Relating background knowledge
• Distinguishing between fact and opinion
• Finding the main idea, important facts, and supporting details
TEACHING PROFESSION
82. How can you consider a person professional?
A. Graduate of degree/University
B. Having ethical competence
C. Abide by his personal code of ethics
D. Skilled
RATIONALIZATION:
The following are the nine elements of professionalism.
1. Initial Professional Education – Professionals generally begin their professional lives by completing
a university program in their chosen fields – law school, medical school, engineering school, and
so on.
2. Accreditation – University programs are accredited by oversight bodies that determine whether the
programs provide adequate education. Accreditation assures that graduates from accredited
programs start their professional lives with the knowledge they need to perform effectively. The
Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) oversees engineering programs.
3. Skills Development – For most professions, education alone is not sufficient to develop full
professional capabilities. Nascent professionals need practice applying their knowledge before
they are prepared to take primary responsibility for performing work in their fields. Physicians have
a three-year residency. Certified public accountants (CPAs) must work one year for a boardapproved organization before receiving their licenses. Professional engineers must have at least
four years of work experience. Requiring some kind of apprenticeship assures that people who
enter a profession have practive performing work at a satisfactory level of competence.
4. Certification – After completion of education and skills development, a professional is required to
pass one or more exams that assure the person has attained a minimum level of knowledge. Doctors
take board exams. Accountants take CPA exams. Professional engineers take a Fundamentals of
Engineering exam at college graduation time and then take an engineering specialty exam about
four years later. Some professions require recertification from time to time.
5. Licensing – Licensing is similar to certification except that it is mandatory instead of voluntary and
is administered by a governmental authority. [Only licensed professionals can be found guilty of
malpractice but following generally accepted practices of your profession can be a defense against
accusations of malpractice. Non-licensed workers are rarely sued for poor work, except in extreme
6.
7.
8.
9.
cases of neglect or intent to harm; usually the company employing the worker is sued if its workers
produce defective products. Dissatisfied customers can sue the licensed professional AS AN
INDIVIDUAL, in addition to suing their employer. Along with licensing comes malpractice insurance,
to allow the licensed professional to practice his or her craft without fear of personal bankruptcy.
Professional Development – Many professions are required to keep their professional education
current. Ongoing professional education maintains or improves workers’ knowledge and skills after
they begin professional practice. Professional development requirements tend to be strongest in
professions where a body of technical knowledge is rapidly changing. Medicine is perhaps the most
notable because of the constant improvements in drugs, therapies, medical equipment, and
diagnosis and treatment procedures. After a professional’s initial education and skills development
are complete, this additional education requirement helps to assure a minimum competency
throughout the professional’s career.
Professional Societies – Professionals see themselves as part of a community of like-minded
individuals who put their professional standards above the individual self-interest or their
employer’s self-interest. When a professional society is just beginning, it usually promotes the
exchange of knowledge, and over time its function evolves to include defining certification criteria,
managing certification programs, establishing accreditation standards, and defining a code of
ethics and disciplinary action for violations of that code.
Code of Ethics – Each profession has a code of ethics to ensure that its practitioners behave
responsibly. The code states not just what its practitioners actually do but what they should do.
Professionals can be ejected from their professional societies or lose their licenses to practice for
violating the code of ethics. Adherence to a recognized code of conduct helps professionals feel
they belong to a well-regarded community, and enforcement of ethics standards helps maintain a
minimum level of conduct.
Organizational Certification – In many professions, not only must individuals be certified, their
organizations must be certified. Accounting firms are peer reviewed. Hospitals are accredited, as
are universities. For fields as complex as accounting, education, and medicine, organizational
certification is a response to the reality that individual competence is not sufficient to guarantee
adequate levels of professional service; organizational characteristics can have as much influence
as individuals’ characteristics.
83. Based on elements of the profession, can the taxi driver be considered a professional?
A. No, because a driving is not a college/university degree.
B. Yes, because there's such a term professional driver.
C. It depends on the technical and ethical competence of the taxi driver.
D. Yes, if the taxi driver is competent and honest.
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is letter A. A professional is defined as one who earns one’s living from specified
professional activity. A professional is one who had obtained the standards of education and training
necessary in performing one’s specific role within the chosen profession. Professions are subject to
strict code of conduct, which magnifies one’s ethical and moral obligations. Professional standards of
practice and ethics of a particular field are agreed upon by widely recognized professional association.
The Professional Regulation Commission and the Supreme Court are the official organizations
mandated by the Philippine government to regulate the practice of various professionals. A taxi driver,
though, may be skillful in driving—however, did not attend formal education to acquire such skills
necessary. In addition, a taxi driver is granted a professional driver’s license by the Land Transportation
Office not by the Professional Regulation Commission nor the Supreme Court.
84. What is the nursery of the states?
A. Home
B. School
C. Hospital
D. Convents
RATIONALIZATION:
The schools are the nurseries of the future citizens of the state; each teacher is a trustee of the cultural
and educational heritage of the nation and is under obligation to transmit to learners such heritage as
well as to elevate national morality, promote national pride, cultivate love of country, instill allegiance to
the constitution and for all duly constituted authorities, and promote obedience to the laws of the state.
(Article II: The Teacher and the State - Section 1, Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers)
85. Mrs. Soriano was approached by a parent who had a concern about the grade received by her daughter,
Judy, comparing it with the grade of Sally her classmate. Which of these should Mrs. Soriano do?
A. Refuse to show the record notebook since it is her personal property.
B. Show both the record of Judy and her classmate Sally.
C. Refuse to show any record without the written approval of the principal.
D. Show only the record of her daughter Judy.
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is D. Judy’s parents have the right to access the official records of their daughter,
but they are not allowed to be given access to the grades of Sally. Mrs. Soriano must make it sure that
Sally’s record is confidential. It can only be accessed by Sally and her parents.
86. What is the proof that Professional Teachers demonstrate genuine desire for CPD?
A. Do as it is mandated
B. Go through it because everyone else does
C. Go through it for promotion
D. Do it even if it is not required
RATIONALE:
Teachers who show genuine desire for CPD do it even if it is not required. CPD stands for Continuing
Professional Development. It refers to the process of tracking and documenting the skills, knowledge
and experience that you gain both formally and informally as you work, beyond any initial training.
Continuing professional development (CPD) is accepted as an integral part of teacher education because
only a continuing learning and training assures a high level of expertise and enables the teachers to
keep their professional skills and knowledge up-to-date.
87. Which promotes a healthy environment among schools?
I. Canteen selling all kinds of food including junk food
II. Comfort rooms are the same for boys and girls
III. Sanitary drinking fountain
IV. Safe playground
A. III and IV
B. II and III
C. I only
D. I and IV
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is A. A healthy school environment is one which has sanitary drinking fountains and
safe playground for the pupils. The physical environment of school buildings and school grounds is a
key factor in the overall health and safety of students, staff, and visitors. School buildings and grounds
must be designed and maintained to be free of health and safety hazards, and to promote learning.
Studies have shown that student achievement can be affected either positively or negatively by the
school environment. Policies and protocols must be in place to ensure food protection, sanitation, safe
water supply, healthy air quality, good lighting, safe playgrounds, violence prevention, and emergency
response, among other issues that relate to the physical environment of schools.
88. How are institutions of learning encouraged to set higher standards over and above the minimum
requirement for state recognition?
A. Scholastic achievement
B. Faculty development
C. Academic Freedom
D. Voluntary Accreditation
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is letter D. Voluntary accreditation is a process by which institutions or programs
continuously upgrade their educational quality and services through self-evaluation and judgment of
peers. A status is then granted to an educational institution or program which meets commonly accepted
standards of quality or excellence.
89. Which environment provides connecting schools where there’s respect, support and communication
progress?
A. Healthy environment
B. Positive environment
C. Secure environment
D. Safe environment
RATIONALIZATION:
An environment where students do not feel accepted or respected is a distraction from learning. A
positive learning environment means that a student feels comfortable, has a sense of rapport with their
teacher and peers, and believes they can be successful (Elizabeth F. Barkley, 2010. Student Engagement
Techniques) According to Barkley (2010), a positive learning leads to endorphins in the blood which in
turn gives feelings of euphoria and stimulates the frontal lobe. Essentially, learning becomes a
pleasurable experience rather than of one where the student fights or flees.
90. Which instructional activities may serve to reflect the teacher’s philosophy of teaching?
I.
Setting of learning outcomes
II.
Choice of teaching methods
III.
Engaging in routine activities
A. II and III
B. I and III
C. I only
D. I and II
RATIONALIZATION:
The learning outcomes/objectives, approaches, strategies, methods and techniques of teaching and
learning activities and even instructional materials being employed by the teacher all serve to reflect
his/her philosophy of teaching. It does not include routine activities.
91. If you are afraid to be different from the rest even if you are convinced that you are right makes you far
from being a/an
A. Existentialist
B. Utilitarianist
C. Pragmatist
D. Rationalist
RATIONALIZATION:
Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes individual existence, freedom and choice. It is the view
that humans define their own meaning in life and try to make rational decisions despite existing in an
irrational universe. Being afraid to make the right decisions, as mentioned makes an individual far from
being an existentialist.
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
92. Which of the following processes usually comes first in developing curriculum?
A. Evaluating educational experiences
B. Identifying learning goals and objectives
C. Selection of educational content
D. Organization of learning experiences
RATIONALIZATION:
The first and the most important step in developing a curriculum is to identify the learning goals and
objectives. The objectives will be the basis of the entire curriculum along with the teaching strategies
and methods, activities and assessment tools that need to be employed.
93. When a school believes that curriculum should highly focus on Math, Science and other fundamental
intellectual disciplines, this school believes in the curriculum view of ____________.
A. Arthur Bestor
C. Phillip Phenix
B. John Dewey
D. Hollins Caswell
RATIONALIZATION:
The Advocates of Curriculum
The following theorists are the advocates of the curriculum concept. Their perspectives helped shape
current understanding of how curriculum is used in meeting educational goals.
• Robert M. Hutchins – Hutchins believes that college education must be grounded on liberal
education while basic education should emphasize the rules of grammar, reading, rhetoric, logic
and mathematics. For him, curriculum is viewed as permanent studies which explain why some
subjects are repeated from elementary to college, such as grammar, reading, and mathematics.
• Arthur Bestor – Bestor is an essentialist who believes that the mission of the school is to train
the intellectual capacity of learners. Hence, subjects to be offered are grammar, literature, writing,
mathematics, science, history and foreign language.
• Joseph Schwab – Schwab views that discipline is the sole source of curriculum, and so, the
curriculum is divided into chunks of knowledge which are called subject areas like English,
mathematics, social studies, science, humanities, languages, and others. As a leading curriculum
theorist, Schwab used the term discipline as the ruling doctrine for curriculum development.
Therefore, curriculum is viewed as a field of study and it should only consist of knowledge that
comes from the disciplines; for example, linguistics, economics, chemistry, among others.
94. Once the grading period is done and all grades are recorded to whom the teacher will present the grades?
A. Principal
C. Parent
B. Registrar
D. Students
RATIONALE:
Classroom assessment serves to help teachers and parents understand the learners’ progress on
curriculum standards. The results of assessment are reported to the child, the child’s remedial teacher,
if any, and the teacher of the next grade level, as well as to the child’s parents or guardians.
95. Implementation means putting into practice the experiences which has been written in all except
___________.
A. Syllabi
B. Curriculum guides
C. Course outline
D. Internet resource sites
RATIONALIZATION:
Written Curriculum includes the documents, course of study, or syllabi handed down to the schools,
districts, division, departments, or colleges for implementation. Internet resource sites is not under
written curriculum.
96. The teacher published the following researches, books, materials, manuals and other instructional aid:
A. Planner
B. Writer
C. Innovator
D. Evaluator
RATIONALE:
The correct answer is B, writer. A curriculum writer basically “writes” the curriculum. A classroom
teacher takes record of knowledge concepts, subject matter or content. These need to be written or
preserved. The teacher writes books, modules, laboratory manuals, instructional guides, and reference
materials in paper or electronic media. writer
97. In K to 12, how is the final grade per subject for grades 11 and 12 obtained?
A. Get the average of the grades of all subjects for the 4 semesters
B. Get the average of the grades of all subjects for the 2 semesters
C. Get the average of the grades for the 2 quarters
D. Get the average of the grades for the 4 quarters
RATIONALIZATION:
The K to 12 Basic Education Program uses a standard- and competency-based grading system.
Learners from Grades 11 to 12 are graded on Written Work, Performance Tasks, and Quarterly
Assessment every quarter. These three are given specific percentage weights that vary according to the
nature of the learning area. For Grades 11 and 12, the two quarters determine the Final Grade in a
semester.
• The Numerical System of marking is used. Grades are expressed in multiples of one (1).
• Cellar and ceiling grades are 70% and 100% respectively. The passing mark in any given subject
is 75%.
• The final conduct grade is the average of all conduct grades from the two quarters for each
semester.
• The final grade is the average of the quarterly grades for each learning area.
• The general average is the average of all the final grades of the different learning areas. All
learning areas have equal weight.
98. A student got a numerical grade of 80. What is his descriptor for his level of proficiency?
A. Very satisfactory
B. Fairly satisfactory
C. Satisfactory
D. Did not meet expectation
RATIONALIZATION:
A numerical grade of 80 is described as Satisfactory. Refer to the table below.
99. In K-12, does quarterly assessment have equal percentage weight for all tracks in Grade 11 and 12?
A. No
B. No for academic track subjects
C. Yes
D. Yes for academic track subjects
RATIONALIZATION:
The correct answer is A. There are different percentage weights in the quarterly assessment of the
different tracks in Senior High School (Grades 11 & 12). Refer to the table below.
100.
The introduction of mother tongue as a subject and as a language of instruction is in support of
______________.
I.
The preservation and promotion of Filipino cultural heritage
II.
The learning of English as second language
III.
To improve learners’ performance
A. I, II and III
B. II and III
C. I and II
D. I and III
RATIONALIZATION:
In the Philippines, the Department of Education designed the two-track method to be used for the
effective implementation of the MTB-MLE, that is the primer track to focus on accuracy and the story
track to focus on meaning. Learning via the two-track method to gain proficiency in literacy as well as
comprehend academic content and gain curriculum mastery, creative and critical thinking skills for
decisive decision-making. The MTB-MLE provides the following educational components relevant
to the implementation of the K to 12 Curriculum: (K to 12 Curriculum Guide, Department of Education)
1. Literacy – We only learn to read once. Learning to read in the L1 develops skills that transfer to
reading any other languages. Comprehension in reading other languages only occurs after oral
proficiency has developed such that vocabulary of the written L2 text is already part of the
learners’ spoken vocabulary.
2. Prior knowledge – Engaging learners in a discussion of what is already familiar to them using the
home language and culture enables better learning of the curriculum through integration and
application of that knowledge into current knowledge schemes.
3. Cognitive development and higher order thinking skills (HOTS – Using the learners’ mother
tongue provides a strong foundation by developing cognitive skills and comprehension of
the academic content from day one. The knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values gained through
the mother tongue better support learning of other languages and learning through other
languages later. As learners articulate their thoughts and expand ideas, both language and critical
thinking are strengthened. MTB-MLE cultivates critical thinking through talking about ideas in the
familiar language. When teaching only in the L2, critical thinking is postponed until L2 is
sufficiently developed to support such analysis.
4. Strong Bridge – MTB-MLE provides a good bridge to listening, speaking, reading, and writing
the L2s (L2, L3) of the classroom using sound educational principles for building fluency and
confidence in using the other languages for lifelong learning. Reading in the L2 is only
introduced after basic L1 reading fluency and L2 oral proficiency are developed.
Comprehension in reading the L2 occurs after the development of that spoken L2.
Once sufficient oral and written proficiency in the L2 are developed, a gradual transition
to using the L2 as medium of instruction can progress without the L1 support.
5. Scaffolding – In L2 teaching, the L1 is used to support learning when the L2 is not sufficiently
developed to be used alone. The L1 is used for expression and the teacher facilitates the
development of the L2 to enable learners to adequately express ideas in the L2. In
this way, the L1 strengthens the learning of the L2 by supporting the L2 development for
communication. 6. Teaching for meaning and accuracy. Decoding text requires accuracy,
while comprehending texts requires decoding skills within a meaningful context. Both
meaning and accuracy are important, but in classrooms that teach only L2, there is often primary
focus on accuracy until the L2 is sufficiently learned. This delays actual meaningful learning
until the L2 can support that learning.
Apart from helping the students learn English as their second language and improving their
performance, mother tongue is also in support of the preservation of the Filipino cultural heritage. To
preserve our linguistic and cultural diversity, we must encourage the use of mother-tongue as much as
possible. We should always practice, speak and teach our new generation to speak and communicate
with each other in their mother-tongue.