International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
Volume 119 No. 14 2018, 1051-1056
ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)
url: http://www.ijpam.eu
Special Issue
ijpam.eu
DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF WILKINSON POWER DIVIDER FOR DIGITAL TV APPLICATION
D.Sathish Kumar1, L.Balaji 2, B.Elizabeth Caroline3
Department Of ECE, IFET College of Engineering, Villupuram , Tamil Nadu.
1,2,3
Abstract-In this paper, the design and simulation of
WPD for digital TV application is reported using the CST
software. In this proposed method, the design parameters
of the WPD arethe frequency range of 500MHZ
to1.5GHZ, the impedance value of 50Ω and power
splitting ratio as 1:2. The S parameters for the designed
such as S11, S22 S23, S32, S31 and S33 are measured and
found to be very low. The result shows S33 ≤-32dB, the
minimum value of S21 is -3.236 and the maximum value
is -3.51dB,the value of S31 lies between -3.251 and - 3.521
dB, and the value of the S23 and S32≤ -27dB.
1. Introduction
Power divider and combiner are the vital components in
microwave and mm wave structure [1]- [27]. The digital
TV is widely used in the broadcasting of the signals at
different frequency ranges. A traditional WPD is
employed with λ/4 transmission line and has narrow
bandwidth about a particular frequency
[6] - [12], [17] - [19]. Numerous dual-band power
dividers have been stated owing to the growth of
multiband technologies in recent days. However, for the
single band frequency the problem of uneven power
dividing ratio is not considered [13] - [15]. In the WPD
the isolation provides the less loss. The combination of
WPD with the application of digital television provides
low losses in the signal broadcasting. It’s used to save
power, cost and provide the reduced port losses due to the
reduced dimensions. The terrestrial and the domestic uses
are high in the digital TV. The digital TV can produce
different channels in the same bandwidth of the channels.
The multiplexing and broadcasting of the channels is to
be done in the digital TV. By using the digital television,
the power and the channel usage have to be reduced.
2. Wilkinson Power Divider
A. Principle of power divider
In the domain of microwave engineering, the WPD is a
precise class of power divider circuit that can attain
isolation between the output ports while retaining a
matched condition on entire ports. The Wilkinson design
is furthermore used as a power combiner since it is
prepared with the passive components and hence the
reciprocal property is satisfied [16-18].
Ernest J.
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Wilkinson demonstrated WPD first time in 1960 [15].
Since the isolation between the output ports avoid
crosstalk between the discrete channels, WPD is found
useful in RF communication system exploiting several
channels.
The proposed work is designed with two resistances
which are connected in parallel in between the port 2 and
port3 to reduce the RL. The output ports are isolated with
the resistor of 100Ω. The isolation resistor provides the
isolation between the ports. The dimension of the power
divider is reduced to have more coverage area for TV
[2] [19].. The power ratio of the divider is 1:2, it provides
equal power spilt. The novel design of power divider is
shown in figure 1.
Fig. 1 Two ways WPD
B. Design Parameter
The power divider is designed by using Computer
Simulation Technology (CST) software. The power
divider to be designed for the frequency range of 500MHZ
to 1.5GHZ, and Z0=50Ω.The power divider design with
different parameters is shown in figure 2.The model
developed in CST is shown in figure 3.The table I
describes about dimensions used for the input line width,
transformer line width, output line width, input line length
and transformer line length.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
Special Issue
domain and give the domain for the analysis of the project
in which field is used based on our requirement.
Steps in planer selection,
i.Planer and coupler
ii.Select next to the domain selection.
The field has two domains they are time domain and the
frequency domain choose any one of the domain. For the
project execution and manufacturing the dimensions
should be of mm, the checking of the dimensions and
frequency to be done. Processes have the next to finish the
current tool, then the total process to be finished.
Fig 2.Power divider design
B.
Fig 3.Modeling of power divider
TABLE-I: DIMENSIONS OF POWER DIVIDER
1.
2.
Design
Parameters
Wi
Wt
3.
Sl.No
Name of the parameters
Size(mm)
Input line width
Transformer line width
0.035
0.4
Wo
Output line width
0.035
4.
Li
Input line length
4
5.
Lt
Transformer line length
40.55
6.
Lo
Output line length
15
3. Procedure For Simulation
The WPD has two phases of design, they are
1.
2.
Initial parameter assigning
Modeling and simulation
A. Initial Parameter Assigning
In CST software, go to the new project in the tool bar in
that it has the different domains or the field of work.
Choose the field for the requirement for the Power divider
and select the RF& microwave field. Then go to the planer
and coupler divider in RF & microwave field, choose the
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Modeling
The modeling is a design process that has the toolbar based
on the requirement the materials and the shapes are
selected. For the WPD the brick is selected as the
structural material and the brick must have the dimensions
in mm. Select the modeling in that the toolbar has the
symbols of different structures in that chosen brick. Press
Esc to give the dimension values, the dimensions are in X,
Y, Z directions respectively. After this the rotating of the
input line is done for this go to view work plane, then the
component to solid transformation to rotate, give the Z
value. The next steps are a selection of edges and select
the arc option, give the angle of rotation in value of u, v,
and w directions for local workspace. Maximum and
minimum values of u, v, w are given and click ok. This
step is similar for two arcs in input as well as the output
sides.
Another side of the arc is to be drawn by the tool of
translation. From the arc the sweep line is drawn by
selecting the edge of the arc and gives the brick
dimensions. The similar setup tool for the output side arc
has to be designed. Next to be the output line curve from
the end of the arc, it’s to be done by the arc option. After
finishing one of the half sides, the mirror translation is to
be done at the bottom half side. Then the micro strip patch
design to be carried out, the dimensions are predetermined
with the help of micros calculation of impedance and
thickness calculation. The second half arc is the mirror
image of the first half arc. The final step of the design
process is the port assigning of the model, the discrete port
to be given in the input and output side. The edge of the
input and output sides select one by one and the port to be
assigned. After the saving of model the design to be
simulated by the simulation tool bar, for the simulation
first the setup solver tools to be checked then start the
simulation. In the CST software the result of the design is
saved automatically, later the results can be viewed.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
Special Issue
3. Result And Discussion
A. Return loss (RL)
RL is the ratio between the incident power Pi and reflected
power Pr. It represents the power wastage in a cracked
transmission line or optical fiber towards the input port.
This gap can be a disparity with the terminating load or
with a device introduced in the line. RL is shown in
equation (1) in dB.
Pi
Pr
The figure 3 shows that the RL is -30dB which is a very
low at 0.85GHz.
.
RL db
10 log
Fig.5.Returnloss at port 3(S33)
B. Insertion loss (IL)
IL is the loss of signal power resulting from the insertion
of a device in a transmission line or optical fiber and is
usually expressed in decibels (dB). If the power
transmitted to the load before insertion is PT and the power
received by the load after insertion is PR, then the IL in dB
is given in (2)
IL db
10 log
Pt
Pr
The IL obtained between port 1 and port 2 is -3.5dB.
Fig 3.RL at port 1(S11)
The RL obtained at port 2 is depicted in figure 4.The
maximum value obtained is -12.16dB and the minimum
value obtained is -36.12dB.
Fig.6. IL (S21)
Figure 7 shows that the minimum value obtained between
port 1and port3 is-3.251DB and the maximum value
obtained is -3.512dB.
Fig. 4 RL at port 2(S22)
The output port obtained from the simulation result shows
that return low is very low (-37.146dB).
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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
Fig.7. IL (S31)
of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications,
Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 483-492, 2009.
C. Isolation Loss
The isolation loss is defined as the loss occurred between
the output ports. The isolation loss of the system should
be minimum in order to get better isolation between the
ports and to reduce the losses.
IL db
10 log
Special Issue
[4]
Sai Wai Wong, Lei Zhu, “Ultra-wideband
Power Divider With Good and Wireless
Components Letters, Vol. 18, Issue 8, pp. 518520, Aug. 2008.
[5]
Wu, G.-L., W. Mu, X.-W. Dai, and Y.-C. Jiao,
“Design of novel dualband bandpass filter with
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DGS,” Progress In Electromagnetics Research,
PIER ,Vol.78, pp. 17-24, 2008.
[6]
D.M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 4th
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[7]
Wang, C.-J. and S.-W. Chang, “Studies on
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2
3
Where P2, P3 – The output ports.
The maximum value obtained is-7.23dB and the minimum
value obtained is -27.172dB.
Fig 8. Isolation loss (S23)
5. Conclusion
The proposed work is designed for the frequency range of
500MHZ to1.5GHZ. The power is equally divided at the
all output ports and very good isolation between the output
ports is obtained in the required frequency. The RL
between all ports are low. WPD is simulated using a
simulation tool CST.
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