‫وأن ليس لالنسان اال ما سعى‬
Cranial nerves:
128  special sense / 346  motor muscles of eye / 9,10,11  nucleus ambigus (muscles of pharynx, larynx and palate) / 197  Taste sensation (solitary n.) 1973 
Parasympathetic nerves.
1st & 2nd cranial nerves are not related to brain stem ( olfactory / optic)
1st Olfactory (pure sensory)  smell sensation. Begin from axons of olfactory cells in olfactory mucosa  cribriform plate of ethmoid to enter cranial cavity  end at
olfactory bulb  olfactory tract
2nd Optic (pure sensory)  visual sensation. Retina  optic canal to enter cranial cavity  decussates at optic chiasma  ending by forming optic tract.
Trochlear
Optic
Olfactory
Abducent
Nerve
Origin (Nuclei)
Exit from brain
stem.
Medial
side
of
cerebral
peduncle
(interpeduncular
fossa).
3rd Oculomotor nerve.
(Motor and Parasympathetic)
2 nuclei in midbrain:
1. Oculomotor (motor)
2. Edinger westephal
3. (parasympathetic)
4th trochlear
(motor)
nerve
Trochlear.n in mid brain.
Dorsal
side
midbrain.
of
6th Abducent
(motor)
nerve
Abducent nucleus in pons
Medial
pontomedullary
junction.
of
Course (exit from skull)
 The three nerves enter orbit through
superior orbital fissure
 Trochlear decussates with its fellow
before exiting.
Branches of the nerve.
 All extraocular muscles except
lateral rectus 6 & superior
oblique 4 (LR6-SO4)
 Parasympathetic intraocular
muscles.
Superior oblique muscle. SO4
Lateral rectus ms. LR6
‫وأن ليس لالنسان اال ما سعى‬
Nerve
Origin (Nuclei)
5th Trigeminal
nerve
Mixed nerve.
3 sensory – 1 motor
2 nuclei in pons – 1 medulla – 1 midbrain.
7th Facial nerve.
(mixed)
 Medulla  spinal nucleus of Trigeminal (sensory)
general sensation (pain and temperature from
face)
 Mid brain  mesencephalic nucleus (sensory)
proprioceptive sens from mastication ms and TMJ.
 Pons (2 nucleus)
1- Main sensory n  touch sensation from face
2- motor nucleus of trigeminal for muscle of
mastication.
Exit from
brain stem.
Front of pons
 Solitary nucleus ant. 2/3 of tongue
 Lacrimatory nucleus
parasympathetic to
lacrimal , nasal and palatine glands.
 Superior salivary nuclei: parasympathetic to
salivary glands.
 Facial nucleus  motor to facial muscles , scalp
and auricle.
Course (exit
from skull)
Thickest
cranial
nerve.
Trigeminal ganglion.
 Vestibular nuclei in pons and medulla
 Dorsal and Ventral Cochlear nuclei in pons
Ophthalmic – maxillary and mandibular.
Sensory  skin of face, anterior scalp and motor for
muscle of mastication.
Passes
through
internal
auditory
meatus
with
vestibule-cochlear n.
to enter the facial
canal.
In facial canal:
1. Greater petrosal nerve:
a) taste sensation from palate
b) parasympathetic to lacrimal and nasal gland.
2. Motor branch to the stapedius muscle
3. Chorda tympani n.
a) Taste sens for ant. 2/3 of tongue
b) Parasympathertic to submandibular and
sublingual glands.
Enter
internal
auditory meatus to
reach inner ear.
 Vestibular part  equilibrium sensation
 Cochlear part  hearing sensation.
Pontomedullary
junction.
8th
Vestibulocochlear
Sensory (sensory)
Branches of the nerve.
‫وأن ليس لالنسان اال ما سعى‬
Nerve
Origin (Nuclei)
9th
glossopharyngeal
nerve (mixed)
All in medulla
1. Solitary nucleus: taste sensation post. 1/3 of
tongue.
2. Inferior salivary nucleus: parasympathetic to
parotid salivary gland.
3. Nucleus
ambigus:
(motor)
supply
stylopharyngeus .
4. Dorsal nucleus of vagus: general visceral
sensation
5. Spinal nucleus of trigeminal: general somatic
sensation.
Exit from brain
stem.
Course (exit
from skull)
Branches of the nerve.
 Motor  stylopharyngeus muscle
 Lingual  general sensation and taste sensation
from posterior third of tongue.
 Pharyngeal general sensation from mucosa
off pharynx and palate
 Meningeal branch
 Tympanic branch  middle ear
 Carotid sinus and carotid body.
Postero-lateral sulcus
of medulla oblongata.
same
10th Vagus (mixed)
nerve
‫شبه اللي فوق بالظبط بس الفرق االنفريور سالفري محذوفة‬
1. Nucleus ambigus (motor): supply muscle of
larynx, pharynx and palate.
2. Solitary nucleus: taste sensation to palate
and root of tongue
3. Dorsal nucleus of vagus (parasympathetic
and sensory visceral): supply to heart,
respiratory and digestive systems and their
glands.
4. Spinal nucleus of trigeminal: receives the
general somatic sensation.
Jugular foramin
 Meningeal
 Auricular
 Pharyngeal : motor
a) All
muscle
of
pharynx
except
stylopharyngeus
b) All palatine muscle except tensor palate
 Carotid branch &Cardiac branch
 Superior and recurrent pharyngeal nerve:
a) General sensation to the mucus membrane
of larynx
b) All muscles of larynx
 Oesophageal, gastric,pulmonary , celiac
and hepatic branches.
th
11
accessory(motor)
Cranial root : nucleus ambigus
Spinal root : anterior horn cells of the upper 5
segments of spinal cord
12th hypoglossal
(motor)
Hypoglossal nuclei in medulla
Pure sensory  128 / Pure motor  4,6,11,12 / mixed  3,5,7,9,10
1. Cranial root join the vagus nerve to supply
muscles of larynx, pharynx and palate.
2. Spinal root of accessory nerve supply
sternomastoid and trapezius muscle..
anterolateral sulcus of
the medulla
Hypoglossal canal.
Motor to all
palatoglossus.
muscles
of
tongue
except