*III’
Basic
mm
if
THI RD
EDITION
with answers
Raymond Murphy
with William R. Smalzer
"
'
r''
.
^
Self-study
reference and
practice for
students of
North American
English
THI RD
EDITION
with answers
Raymond Murphy
with William R. Smalzer
gig C
a m b r id g e
U N IV E R SIT Y PRESS
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore,
Sao Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo
Cambridge University Press
32 Avenue of the Americas, New York. NY 10013-2473, USA
www.cambridge.org
© Cambridge University Press 2011
First published 1989
Third Edition 2011
Printed in Hong Kong, China, by Golden Cup Printing Company Limited
A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library.
isb n
isb n
isb n
isb n
978-0-521-13334-0 Student’s Book with answers and CD-ROM
978-0-521-13353-1 Student’s Book with answers
978-0-521-13337-1 Student’s Book with CD-ROM
978-0-521-13330-2 Workbook with answers
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Book design and layout: Adventure House, NYC
Audio production: Richard LePage & Associates
Illustration credits: Carlos Castellanos, Richard Deverell, Travis Foster, Peter
Hoey, Randy Jones, Gillian Martin, Sandy Nichols, Roger Penwill, Lisa
Smith, Ian West, Simon Williams, and Tracy Wood
Contents
To the Student
To the Teacher
viii
x
Present
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
a m /is /a r e
a m /is /a r e (questions)
I am d o in g (present continuous)
are y ou doin g? (present continuous questions)
I d o /w o r k /lik e , etc. (simple present)
I d o n ’t . . . (simple present negative)
D o y ou . . . ? (simple present questions)
I am d o in g (present continuous) and I do (simple present)
I have . . . and I’ve g o t . . .
Past
10
11
12
13
14
15
w a s/w er e
w o r k e d /g o t/w e n t, etc. (simple past)
I d id n ’t . . . D id you . . . ? (simple past negative and questions)
I was d o in g (past continuous)
I was d o in g (past continuous) and I d id (simple past)
I used to . . .
Present perfect
16
17
18
19
20
21
H ave you ever . . . ?
H o w lo n g have you . . . ?
for sin ce ago
I have d on e and I d id (present perfect and simple past 1)
ju st, already, and yet (present perfect and simple past 2)
I’ve lo st m y key. I lo st m y key last w eek , (present perfect and simple past 3)
Passive
22 is d o n e was d on e
(passive l)
23 is b ein g d on e has b een d on e
(passive 2)
Verb forms
24 b e /h a v e /d o in present and past tenses
25 R egular and irregular verbs
>
Future
26
27
28
29
If
W hat are you d o in g tom orrow ?
I’m g o in g to . . .
w ill 1
w ill 2
you are not sure which units you need to study, use the STUDY GUIDE on page 263.
i
Modals, im peratives, etc.
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
m ig h t
can and co u ld
m u st
sh o u ld
I have to . . .
W ou ld you lik e . . . ? Fd lik e . . .
Fd rather . . .
D o this! D o n ’t do that! L e t’s do this!
There and it
38 th ere is th ere are
39 th ere w a s/w e r e there h a s/h a v e b een
40 I t . . .
th ere w ill be
A uxiliary verbs
41
42
43
44
I am , I d o n ’t, etc.
Y ou have? / H ave you? / Y ou are? / A re you?, etc.
to o /e ith e r so am I / n eith er do I, etc.
isn ’t, h aven ’t, d o n ’t, etc. (negatives)
Questions
45
46
47
48
49
50
is i t . . . ? have you . . . ? do th ey . . . ?, etc. (questions 1)
W h o saw you? W h o d id you see? (questions 2)
W h o is she ta lk in g to? W hat is it like? (questions 3)
W h a t . . . ? W h ich . . . ? H o w . . . ? (questions 4)
H o w lo n g d oes it take . . . ?
D o you k n o w w h ere . . . ? I d o n ’t k n o w w h a t . . . , etc.
Reported speech
51 She said t h a t . . .
H e to ld m e t h a t . . .
-ing and to . . .
52
53
54
55
V
w o r k /w o r k in g g o /g o in g d o /d o in g
to . . . (I w an t to do) and -in g (I enjoy d oin g)
I w a n t you to . . . I to ld you to . . .
I w e n t to th e store to . . .
Go, get, do, make, and have
56
57
58
59
go to . . . go on . . .
get
do and m ak e
have
go for . . .
go -in g
Pronouns and possessives
60
61
62
63
iv
I /m e h e /h im
th ey /th em , etc.
m y /h is /th e ir , etc.
W h o se is this? It’s m in e /y o u r s/h e r s, etc.
I /m e /m y /m in e
If you are not sure which units you need to study, use the STUDY GUIDE on page 263.
64 m y s e lf/y o u r se lf/th e m se lv e s, etc.
65 -’s (K ate’s camera / m y b ro th er’s car, etc.)
A and the
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
a /a n . . .
train(s) bus(es) (singular and plural)
a b o ttle / som e w ater (countable/uncountable 1)
a cake / so m e cake / som e cakes (countable/uncountable 2)
a /a n and the
th e . . .
go to w ork go h o m e go to th e m o v ies
I lik e m u sic I hate exam s
th e . . . (names of places)
Determ iners and pronouns
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
th is /th a t/th e s e /th o s e
o n e /o n e s
so m e and any
n o t + any no n on e
n o t + a n y b o d y /a n y o n e/a n y th in g n o b o d y /n o o n e /n o th in g
so m e b o d y /a n y th in g /n o w h e r e , etc.
every and all
a ll m o st som e any n o /n o n e
b o th eith er n eith er
a lo t m u ch m an y
(a) little (a) few
Adjectives and adverbs
86 o ld /n ic e /in te r e s tin g , etc. (adjectives)
87 q u ick ly /b a d ly /su d d en ly , etc. (adverbs)
88 o ld /o ld e r exp en sive / m o re exp en sive
89 old er than . . . m ore ex p en siv e th an . . .
90 n o t as . . . as
91 th e o ld est th e m o st exp en sive
92 en o u g h
93 to o
Word order
94
95
96
97
He speaks E n g lish very well, (word order 1)
a lw a y s/u su a lly /o ften , etc. (word order 2)
s till yet already
G ive m e that b ook!
G ive it to m e!
Conjunctions and clauses
98
99
100
101
102
103
and b ut or so b ecau se
W h en . . .
I f w e go . . .
I f you see . . . , etc.
I f I had . . .
I f w e w e n t . . . , etc.
a person w h o . . .
a thing th a t/w h ic h . . . (relative clauses l)
the people w e m et the hotel you stayed at (relative clauses 2)
If you are not sure which units you need to study, use the STUDY GUIDE on page 263.
v
__
Prepositions
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
at 8:00 on M onday in A p ril
f r o m . . . to u n til sin ce for
b efo re after d u rin g
w h ile
in
at on (places 1)
in
at on (places 2)
to
in at (places 3)
n ex t to, b etw een , under, etc.
up, over, th rou gh , etc.
on
at by w ith about
afraid o f . . . , g o o d a t . . . , etc. o f/a t/fo r , etc. (prepositions + -ing)
listen to . . . , lo o k a t . . . , etc. (verb + preposition)
Phrasal verbs
115 go in, fa ll off, run away, etc. (phrasal verbs 1)
116 p ut on your shoes p ut your shoes on (phrasal verbs 2)
A ppendix
A ppendix
A ppendix
A ppendix
A ppendix
A ppendix
A ppendix
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Active and passive
235
List of irregular verbs
236
Irregular verbs in groups
237
Short forms (he’s / I’d / d o n ’t, etc.)
238
Spelling
240
Phrasal verbs (take o f f / g iv e up, etc.)
242
Phrasal verbs + object (put ou t a fire / try on clothes, etc.)
A dditional Exercises
Study Guide
244
263
Answer Key to Exercises
276
Answer Key to A dditional Exercises
Answer Key to Study Guide
306
Index
vi
243
303
308
If you are not sure which units you need to study, use the STUDY GUIDE on page 263.
To the Student
This is a gram m ar book for
beginning to low -interm ediate
students o f English. T here are 116
units in the book, and each unit is
about a different point o f English
gram m ar. T here is a list of units at
the beginning o f the book (Contents).
Do not study all the units in order
from beginning to end. It is b etter to
choose the units that you need to do.
For example, if you have a problem
w ith the present perfect (I have been,
he has done, etc.), study U nits 16-21.
Contents
To the Student
To the Teacher
Present
1 a m /is/a re
2 a m /is /a re (questions)
3 I am d o in g (present continuous)
4 are you doing? (present continuous questions)
5 I d o /w o rk /lik e , etc. (simple present)
6 I d o n ’t . . . (simple present negative)
7 D o you . . . ? (simple present questions)
8 I am d oing (present continuous) and I do (simple present)
9 I have — and I ’ve g o t . . .
Past
10 w as/w ere
11 w o rk e d /g o t/w e n t, etc. (simple past)
12 I d id n ’t . . . D id you . . . ? (simple past negative and questions)
13 I was d o in g (past continuous)
14 I was d oing (past continuous) and I d id (simple past)
Use the Contents or the Index (at the
back o f the book) to find the unit
(or units) that you need.
If you are not sure
w hich units you
need to study, use
the Study Guide
at the back o f the
book.
Study Guide (pages 263-275)
V III
viii
x
m
Each un it is tw o pages.
T he inform ation is on
the left-hand page and
the exercises are on
the right:
m
Exercises
3.1 Whatarethese peopledoing?Usetheseverfcstt>completethesentences:
1 am doing (present continuous)
u n i t j
Z He______________ for*(ms- 5. . _____________ hieMm
^^^B
B B
She'srating
Sheisn't reading
iB
■■H S
||§ B B |
I
hT
she n (nor)
U't raining.
Theson shining
They’r*numing
Theyarea'' walking.
i Jw w .jt!r
Mm. Me----------------------*
J. “You_____________ onmy6m* •OM'imwcy.’
they
* Mamk readinga
• Sheisn't eating. {*She'snot eating.)
« Thf phene1*ringing.
« W.-'r*having
* Theduhta-naredoingthenhomework.
■ ■ F I A»/iva» +ring■»somethinghhappeningsw
I’mworking
she'swearing2bat
tfwv'ieplayingbaseball
« Look,there'sSarah. She'swearingahwwncoat. shei«wearing now)
*Wherearethechildrenr “They’replayingmthepark“
^ B B
■
■
hotspethng. seeAppends*S.
li«-
S. I
-------- .oose&wMrje.
3.J Lookat the picture. Writesentences about lane. UseShe's ing orShe isn’t -ing.
g /f
y K S ti
m em ,
ssE S I
s.
<«b■
*•»«*>-----------------5. (p
yAc
__________________
3.4 WhetShappeningnow?Writetruesentences.
1 0/ ■
wash/ myhair)
5.
h
ft
ft
1ft
---------------
(it/ram)
---------------------- .---- -------------- —_
(i t «w<*y/ fcnghsh)
«.
. .
(them«/»h«w)
__ ___
.
,
—
0/we«/shoes)
---- —
(1/ «Mdf aptmpajwr)
Exercises
Information
Study the left-hand page (information), and
do the exercises on the right-hand page.
Use the Answer Key to check your answers.
T he Answer Key is on pages 2 7 6 -3 0 2 .
Study the left-hand page again if necessary.
D on’t forget the seven
Appendixes at the back
o f the book (pages
235-243). These w ill
give you inform ation
about active and passive
forms, irregular verbs,
short forms, spelling, and
phrasal verbs.
APPENDIX 2
APPENDIX 3
List of irregular verbs (see Unit 25)
Irregular verbs in groups_______________
ThutimpfipastaWpastpatriiipkmfgemit!
There are also Additional
Exercises at the back o f the
book (pages 2 4 4-262).
There is a list o f these
exercises on page 244.
C D -R O M
This book is sold w ith or w ithout a
C D -R O M . O n the C D -R O M , there are
m ore exercises on all the units, and these
are different from the exercises in the book.
T here are also m ore than 600 test questions.
ix
To the Teacher
T he m ost im portant features o f this book are:
■ It is a gram m ar book. It does not deal w ith other aspects of the language.
■ It is for beginning to low -interm ediate students of English. It does not
cover areas of gram m ar w hich are not norm ally taught at the beginning
to low -interm ediate level.
■ It is a reference book w ith exercises. It is not a course book and is not
organized progressively.
M It is addressed to learners and intended for self-study.
O rgan ization o f the b o o k _____________________________________________________
T here are 116 units in the book, each one focusing on a particular area of gram m ar.
T he m aterial is organized in gram m atical categories, such as tenses, questions,
and articles. U nits are not ordered according to difficulty, and should therefore be
selected and used in the order appropriate for the learner(s). T he book should not
be w orked th rough from beginning to end. T he units are listed in the Contents, and
there is a com prehensive Index at the end of the book.
Each un it has the same form at consisting of two facing pages. T he gram m ar point is
presented and explained on the left-hand page and the corresponding exercises are
on the right. T here are seven Appendixes (pages 235-243) dealing w ith active and
passive forms, irregular verbs, short forms (contractions), spelling, and phrasal verbs.
It m ight be useful for teachers to draw students’ attention to these.
At the back o f the book there is a set o f Additional Exercises (pages 244-262). These
exercises provide “m ixed” practice bringing together gram m ar points from a
num ber o f different units (especially those concerning verb forms). T here are 35
exercises in this section, and there is a full list on page 244.
Also at the back of the book there is a Study Guide to help students decide w hich
units to study - see page 263.
Finally, there is an Answer Key (pages 276-302) for students to check their answers
to all the exercises in the book. An edition w ithout the Study Guide and Answer Key
is available for teachers who w ould prefer it for their students.
L e v e l________________________________________________________________________
T he book is for beginning learners, i.e., learners w ith very little English, but not for
com plete beginners. It is intended m ainly for beginning students who are beyond
the early stages of a beginners’ course. It could also be used by low -interm ediate
learners whose gram m ar is w eaker than other aspects o f their English or w ho have
problem s w ith particular areas o f basic gram m ar.
T he explanations are addressed to the beginning learner and are therefore as simple
and as short as possible. T he vocabulary used in the examples and exercises has also
been restricted so that the book can be used at this level.
x
U sin g the b o o k _________________________________________________________________
T he book can be used by students w orking alone (see To the Student) or as
supplem entary course m aterial. In either case the book can serve as a beginning
gram m ar book.
W h en used as course m aterial, the book can be used for im m ediate consolidation
or for later revision or rem edial work. It m ight be used by the whole class or by
individual students needing extra help and practice.
In some cases it may be desirable to use the left-hand pages (presentation and
explanation) in class, but it should be noted that these have been w ritten for
individual study and reference. In m ost cases, it w ould probably be better for
teachers to present the gram m ar point in their preferred way w ith the exercises
being done for hom ew ork. T he left-hand page is then available for later reference by
the student.
Some teachers may prefer to keep the book for revision and rem edial work. In this
case, individual students or groups of students can be directed to the appropriate
units for self-study and practice.
C D -R O M ______________________________________________________________________
T he book is sold w ith or w ithout a C D -R O M . T he C D -R O M contains further
exercises on all the units in the book, as well as a bank of m ore than 600 test
questions from w hich users can select to compile their ow n tests.
Basic Grammar in Usef Third Edition
This is a new edition of Basic Grammar in Use. The differences between this edition and the
second edition are:
■ T he book has been redesigned w ith new color illustrations.
■ T here is reorganization, so some units have different num bers from the
previous edition.
■ T here are m any (usually m inor) revisions to the explanations, examples,
and exercises.
■ T here are tw o new pages of Additional Exercises (pages 244-262).
■ T here is a new C D -R O M w ith fu rth er exercises to accom pany the book.
Basic
Gram
U N I T
am/is/are
I'm 22.
My name is Lisa.
I'm not married.
My favorite color is blue.
I'm Am erican. I'm from Chicago.
My favorite sports are
tennis and swim m ing.
I'm a student.
My father is a doctor, and my
mother is a journalist.
Negative
Positive
am
(I’m )
he
she
it
is
(he’s)
(she’s)
(it’s)
we
you
they
are
I
I'm interested in art.
(we’re)
(you’re)
(they’re)
I
am n o t
(P m not)
he
she
it
is n o t
(he’s n o t
(she’s n o t
(it’s n o t
or
or
or
he is n ’t)
she is n ’t)
it is n ’t)
we
you
they
are n o t
(we’re n o t
(you’re n o t
(they’re n o t
or
or
or
we a r e n ’t)
you a r e n ’t)
they a r e n ’t)
shortforms
shortforms
I'm afraid of
P m cold. Can you close the window, please?
P m 32 years old. My sister is 29.
Steve is sick. H e’s in bed.
My brother is afraid of dogs.
It’s 10:00. You’re late again.
Ann and I are good friends.
Your keys are on the table.
P m tired, but P m n o t hungry.
Tom is n ’t interested in politics. H e ’s interested in music.
Jane is n ’t a teacher. She’s a student.
Those people aren’t Canadian. They’re Australian.
It’s sunny today, but it is n ’t warm.
th at’s = that is
there’s — there is
here’s = here is
■ Thank you. T hat’s very nice of you.
■ Look! T here’s Chris.
■ “H ere’s your key.” “Thank you.”
2
am/is/are (questions) —►Unit 2
there is/are —►Unit 38
a/an —►Unit 66
short forms —►Appendix 4
Exercises
u n i t |
1.1 Write the short form (she's / we aren't, etc.)
1. she is
2. they a r e
3. it is n o t _____________
4. that is _____________
she's
5. I am not
______________
6. you are not ______________
1.2 Write am, is, or are.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The w eather /s nice today.
I _______not rich.
This b a g
heavy.
These b a g s_______heavy.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Look! T h e r e
Carol.
My brother and I
good tennis players.
Amy
at home. H er c h ild re n
at school.
I
a taxi driver. My siste r_______ a nurse.
1.3 Complete the sentences.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Steve is sick. He's in bed.
I’m not hungry, b u t _______________thirsty.
Mr. Thom as is a very old m a n ._______________ 98.
These chairs aren’t beautiful, b u t _______________ comfortable.
The w eather is nice today.
warm and sunny.
“_______________late.” “No, I’m not. I’m early!”
C atherine isn’t at h o m e ._______________ at work.
“_______________your coat.” “Oh, thank you very m uch.”
1.4 Look at Lisa's sentences in 1A.Now
1.
2.
3.
4.
write sentences about yourself.
(name?) My
(from?) I
I
(age?)
I
(j° b?)
5.
(favorite color or colors?)
M y.
6. (interested in . . . ?)
I ___________________
1.5 Write sentences for the pictures. Use:
afraid
an gry
cold
1.
She's thirsty. _________
2. T h e y __________________
h ot
h u n g ry
t h i rsty
3. H e
4.
5. _________
6.
_
1.6 Write true sentences, positive or negative. Use is/isn't or are/aren't.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
(it / hot today)
(it / windy today)
(my hands / cold)
(Brazil / a very big country)
(diamonds / cheap)
(Toronto / in the U nited States)
It isn 't hot today.
OR It's h ot today.
I t ______________________________________
My .
___
___
___
Write true sentences, positive or negative. Use I'm / I'm not.
7.
8.
9.
10.
(tired)
I'm_tired.__________ OR I'm n o t tired.
(hungry)
I _______________________________________
(a good swimmer)
________________________________________
(interested in politics)__________ ________________________________________
— Additional exercise 1 (page 244)
3
U N I T
am/is/are (questions)
Question
Positive
I
am
am
he
she
it
is
is
we
you
they
are
are
What's your name?
I?
David.
he?
she?
it?
Are you m arried? 4
No, I'm single.
we?
you?
they?
How old are you?
25.
Are you a student?
Yes, I am.
■
■
■
■
■
“A m I late?” “No, y o u ’re on tim e.”
“Is your m o th er at hom e?” “No, she’s out.”
“Are your parents at hom e?” “N o, th ey ’re out.”
“Is it cold in your room ?” “Yes, a little.”
Your shoes are nice. Are th ey new?
W e say:
■ Is she at home? / Is your m o th er at home? (not Is at hom e your mother?)
■ Are they new? / Are your shoes new? (not Are new your shoes?)
W here . . . ? / W h a t. . . ? / W ho . . . ? / H o w . . . ? / W hy . . . ?
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
W here is your m other? Is she at home?
“W here are you from?” “Canada.”
“W hat co lo r is your car?” “It’s red.”
“H o w old is Joe?” “H e’s 24.”
“H o w are your parents?” “They’re fine.”
These postcards are nice. H o w m u ch are they?
This hotel isn’t very good. W hy is it so expensive?
w hat’s = w hat is
w ho’s = who is
how ’s = how is
w here’s = where is
W h o’s that man?
H o w ’s your father?
W hat’s your phone num ber?
W here’s Lucy?
Short answers
Yes,
I
am.
I’m
he
she
it
is.
h e’s
she’s
it’s
we
you
they
are.
No,
That's my seat.
not.
or
No,
w e’re
you’re
they’re
“Are you tired?” “Yes, I a m .”
“Are you hungry?” “N o , I’m not, but I’m thirsty.”
“Is your friend Japanese?” “Yes, he is.”
“Are these your keys?” “Yes, th ey are.”
“T hat’s my seat.” “N o , it isn ’t.”
4
am/is/are —►Unit 1
questions —►Unit 45
what/which/how —►Unit 48
he
she
it
isn ’t.
we
you
they
aren’t.
2
Exercises
2.1 Find the right answers for the questions.
.
1 W h ere’s the camera?
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Is your car blue?
Is Linda from London?
Am I late?
W h ere’s Ann from?
W hat color is your bag?
Are you hungry?
H ow is George?
W h o ’s that woman?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
Toronto.
No, I’m not.
Yes, you are.
My sister.
Black.
N o, it’s black.
In your bag.
No, she’s American.
Fine.
.
1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
2.2 Make questions with these words.
1. (is / at hom e / your m other) /s y o u r m oth er a t hom e
(your parents / are / how) H o w a re y o u r p a re n ts
(interesting / is / your job)
(the stores / are / open today)
(from / w here / you / are)
(interested in sports / you / are)
(is / near here / the post office) _
(at school / are / your children) .
(you / are / late / w h y )______ _
2.3 Complete the questions. Use W hat. .. / Who . . . I Where . . . I How .
----------------------------Ho w a re
1.
2
. your children?
_ the bus stop?
. your children?
. these oranges?
________ your favorite sport?
the m an in this photograph?
___________ your new shoes?
.
3.
4.
5.
They’re fine.
At the end of the block.
Five, six, and ten.
$1.50 a pound.
Skiing.
That’s my father.
Black.
2.4 Write the questions.
Paul
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
name?) What's y o u r nam e?
Australian?)
how old?) _
a teacher?)
m arried?)
wife a lawyer?)
fro m ?)_______
her n am e?)___
how old ?)_____
Paul.
No, I’m Canadian.
I’m 30.
No, I’m a lawyer.
Yes, I am.
No, she’s a teacher.
She’s from Mexico.
Ana.
She’s 27.
2 5 Write short answers (Yes, / am. / No, he isn't., etc.).
1.
2.
3.
Are you married? No, I'm not.
Are you th irsty ?______________________
Is it cold to day?______________________
- - - - :ional exercises 1-2 (pages 244-245)
4. Are your hands cold? .
5. Is it dark n o w ? ______
6. Are you a teach er?__
5
I am doing (present continuous)
The present continuous is:
a m /is /a r e + d o in g /e a tin g /ru n n in g /w ritin g , etc.
I
he
she
it
we
you
they
am (not)
■ Pm w orkin g. Pm n ot w atch in g TV.
is (not)
■ M aria is reading a newspaper.
H She isn ’t eating, (or She’s n o t eating.)
■ The phone is rin ging.
-in g
are (not)
■ W e’re h aving dinner.
■ You’re n ot listen in g to me. (or You aren’t listen in g
■ The children are d o in g their hom ework.
A m /is /a r e + -in g = som ething is happening now:
I5m w o rk in g
she’s w earing a hat
they’re playin g baseball
P m n o t w atch in g television
past
now
■
■
■
■
■
■
future
Please be quiet. P m w orkin g. (= Pm working now)
Look, there’s Sarah. She’s w earing a brow n coat. (= she is wearing it now)
The w eather is nice. It’s n ot raining.
“W here are the children?” “T hey’re playin g in the park.”
(on the phone) W e’re h aving dinner now. Can I call you later?
You can turn off the television. P m n o t w atch in g it.
For spelling, see Appendix 5.
com e —►com ing w rite —►w ritin g dance —►dancing
ru n —►running sit —►sitting sw im —►sw im m ing
lie —►lying
am/is/are —►Unit 1 are you doing? (questions) —►Unit 4
What are you doing tomorrow? —►Unit 26
I am doing and I do —►Unit 8
Exercises
3.1 What are these people doing? Use these verbs to complete the sentences:
eat
have
lie
play
sit
1.
Sh e's ea tin g an apple.
2. H e ___________
3. T h e y _______________________
w ait
4.
for a bus.
soccer.
. on the floor.
breakfast.
on the table.
5.
3.2 Complete the sentences. Use these verbs:
b u ild
co o k
leave
stand
stay
sw im
take
w o rk
.
1. Please be quiet. I 'm w orking
“W h ere’s John?” “H e’s in the kitchen. H e _
3. “Y o u _________________________ on my foot.” “Oh, I’m sorry.”
4. Look! S om ebody__________
in the river.
5. W e’re here on vacation. We
__________at a hotel on the beach.
6 . “W h ere’s Sue?” “S h e ____
a shower.”
7. T h e y ____________________
a new hotel downtown.
I ____________________________ now. Good-bye.
2
.
3.3 Look at the picture. Write sentences about Jane. Use She's -ing or She isn't -ing.
1. (have dinner)
J a n e isn 't having dinner._____
She's w a tch in g television.
(sit on the floor) S h e ________________________
(read a b o o k )_______________________________
(play the p ia n o )_____________________________
(lau g h )-------------------------------------------------------(wear a h a t) ________________________________
(write a le tte r)______________________________
2 . (watch television)
3.
4.
5.
6
.
7.
8.
3 4 What's happening now? Write
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
~
S.
9..
10.
true sentences.
(I / wash / my hair)
I'nn n o t w ashing m y hair.______________
(it / snow)
It's snow ing.
OR
It isn 't sn o w in g .
(I / sit / on a chair)_______ ________________________________________
(I eat)__________________ ________________________________________
(it / rain)_________________________________________________________
(I / study / English)_______ ________________________________________
(I / listen / to music)______________________________________________
(the sun / shine)__________ ________________________________________
(I / wear / shoes)_________ ________________________________________
(I / read / a newspaper)
________________________________________
U N I T
are you doing? (present continuous questions)
Positive
I
Question
he
she
it
d o in g
w o rk in g
g o in g
staying,
etc.
is
we
you
they
W hat are you doing?
am
am
are
I
he
she
it
is
are
we
you
they
doing?
w orking?
going?
staying?,
etc.
“Are you fe elin g O K ?” “Yes, I’m fine, thanks.”
“Is it raining?” “Yes, take an um brella.”
W hy are you w earing a coat? It’s not cold.
“W h at’s Paul doin g?” “H e’s reading the newspaper.”
“W hat are the children d oing?” “They’re w atch in g television.”
Look, there’s Emily! W h ere’s she going?
W ho are you w a itin g for? Are you w a itin g for Sue?
Study the word order:
is/are
+ subject 4- -ing
Is
he
w o rk in g today?
Is
Paul
w o rk in g today? (not Is working Paul today?)
W here
are
they
going?
W here
are
those people
going? (not W here are going those people?)
Short answers
I
Yes,
am.
I’m
he
she
it
is.
h e’s
she’s
it’s
we
you
they
are.
No,
“Are you leavin g
“Is Paul w o rk in g
“Is it raining?”
“Are your friends
8
I am doing —►Unit 3
not.
or
w e’re
you’re
they’re
No,
he
she
it
isn ’t.
we
you
they
aren’t.
now?” “Yes, I a m .”
today?” “Yes, he is .”
“N o , it isn ’t.”
staying at a hotel?” “N o , th ey aren’t. They’re staying w ith m e.’!
W hat are you doing tom orrow ? —►Unit 26
questions —►Units 45-48
U N
Exercises
4.1
Look at the pictures and write the questions.
4.2 Look at the pictures and complete the questions. Use:
cry
4.3
eat
go
lau gh
lo o k at
read
Make questions with these words. Put the words in the right order.
1.
2
.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
is / working / Paul / today) Is Paul w orking to d a y
W h a t a re th e children doing
w hat / the children / are / doing)
you / are / listening / to me)
w here / your friends / are / g o in g )______
are / watching / your parents / television)
w hat / Jessica / is / co o k in g )____________
why / you / are / looking / at m e ) ______
is / coming / the b u s )__________________
4.4 Write short answers (Yes, \ am. / No, he isn't., etc.).
1. Are you watching TV? No, I'm not.
2. Are you wearing a w atch ?____________
3. Are you eating som ething?___________
—►Additional exercise 3 (page 245)
4. Is it raining? .
5. Are you sitting on the floor? .
6. Are you feeling all rig h t? ___
I do/work/like, etc. (simple present)
They’re looking at their books.
They read a lot.
H e’s eating an ice cream cone.
He lik es ice cream.
They read / he lik es / I w ork, etc. = the simple present:
I/w e /y o u /th e y
read
lik e
w ork
live
w atch
do
have
h e /s h e /it
reads
likes
w orks
lives
w atches
does
has
Rem em ber:
he works / she lives / it rains, etc.
■ I w ork in an office. M y broth er w orks in a bank. (not My brother work)
■ Lucy lives in Houston. H er parents live in Chicago.
■ It rains a lot in the winter.
I have -►h e /s h e /it has:
■ Joh n has lunch at hom e every day.
For spelling, see Appendix 5.
-es after -s / -sh / -ch: pass -►passes
-y -+ -ie s: study -►studies
also: do -►does
finish -►finishes
try-► tries
go -►goes
w atch -►watches
We use the simple present for things that are true in general, or for things that happen
sometimes or all the time:
■ I lik e big cities.
■ Your English is good. You speak very well.
■ Tim w orks very hard. He starts at 7:30 and fin ish es at 8:00 at night.
■ The earth goes around the sun.
■ We do a lot of different things in our free time.
■ It costs a lot of m oney to build a hospital.
A lw a y s/n e v e r /o fte n /u su a lly /so m e tim e s + simple present
■ Sue always gets to work early.(not Sue gets always)
■ I
never eat breakfast. (not I eatnever)
■ We often sleep late on weekends.
■ M ark usually plays tennis on Sundays.
■ I
so m etim es w alk to work, but not very often.
I d o n 't. . . (negative) —►Unit 6
Do you . . . ?
(questions) —►Unit 7 I am doing and I do —►Unit 8
always/usually/often, etc. (word order) —►Unit 95
U N I
Exercises
5.1 Write these verbs with -s or -es.
1. (read) she
2. (think) h e .
3. (fly)
it.
4. (dance) h e .
rea d s
5. (have) s h e .
6. (finish) i t
5.2 Complete the sentences about the people in the pictures. Use:
eat
go
liv e
play
play
sleep
1.
H e plays
the piano.
4.
2. T h e y __________________ in a very big house. 5.
3. __________________ a lot of fruit.
6.
. tennis.
. to the movies a lot.
. seven hours a night.
5.3 Complete the sentences. Use:
b o il
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6
.
7.
9.
10.
5.4
clo se
cost
cost
lik e
lik e
m e et
op en
M aria speaks four languages.
Banks u su ally _______________ at 9:00 in the m orning.
The art m u se u m _______________ at 5:00 in the afternoon.
Tina is a teacher. S h e _______________ m ath to young children.
My jo b is very interesting. I _______________ a lot of people.
Peter’s car is always dirty. H e n e v e r_______________ it.
a lot of money.
Food is expensive. I t _____
a lot o f money.
Shoes are expensive. They .
W a te r_______________ at 100 degrees Celsius.
Julia and I are good friends. I _______________ her, and she
speak
teach
w ash
. me.
Write sentences from these words. Use the right form of the verb (arrive or arrives, etc.).
1. (always / early / Sue / arrive) S u e a lw a ys a rriv e s early.
(to the movies / never / I / g o ) __________________________
3. (work / M artina / hard / alw ays)___
4. (like / chocolate / children / usually)
5. (Julia / parties / enjoy / alw ays)____
(often / people’s names / I / forget) _
(television / Tim / watch / never)
(usually / dinner / we / have / at 6:30)
9. (Jenny / always / nice clothes / wear) _
2
.
5.5 Write sentences about yourself. Use always! n ever I often! usually I sometimes.
1. (watch TV in the evening) / usually w a tch T V in the evening.________________
(read in bed) I .
(get up before 7 :0 0 )________
(go to w ork/school by b u s )__
(drink coffee in the m orning)
I d o n 't . . . (simple present negative)
The simple present negative is d o n ’t/d o e s n ’t + verb:
Coffee?
No, thanks. I don't
Negative
Positive
I
we
you
they
w ork
lik e
do
have
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
w orks
likes
does
has
he
she
it
d o n ’t
(do not)
d oesn ’t
(does not)
w ork
lik e
do
have
I drink coffee, but I d o n ’t d rink tea.
Sue drinks tea, but she d oesn ’t d rink coffee.
You d o n ’t w ork very hard.
We d o n ’t w atch television very often.
The w eather is usually nice. It d o esn ’t rain very often.
Gary and Nicole d o n ’t k n ow many people.
Rem em ber:
I/w e /y o u /th e y d o n ’t . . .
h e /s h e /it
d oesn ’t .
I d o n ’t like football.
H e d o esn ’t like football.
I d o n ’t like Fred, and Fred d o esn ’t like me. (not Fred don’t like)
My car d o esn ’t use m uch gas. (not My car don’t use)
Sometimes he is late, but it d o esn ’t happen very often.
We use d o n ’t/d o e s n ’t + baseform (don’t lik e / doesn’t speak / doesn’t do, etc.):
■ I d o n ’t lik e to wash the car. I d o n ’t do it very often.
■ Sarah speaks Spanish, but she d o esn ’t speak Italian. (not doesn’t speaks)
■ Bill d o esn ’t do his jo b very well, (not Bill doesn’t his job)
■ Paula d o esn ’t usually have breakfast, (not doesn’t . . . has)
I do/work/like, etc. (simple present) —►Unit 5
Do you
. ? (simple present questions) —►Unit 7
U N I T
Exercises
6.1 Write the negative.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I play the piano very well.
Jane plays the piano very well.
They know my phone number.
We work very hard.
M ike has a car.
You do the same thing every day.
/ don 't p la y the piano v e r y well.
Jane _
T hey.
6.2 Study the information and write sentences with like.
1.
Do you like . ,
Bill and
Rose
Carol
1. classical music?
yes
no
2. boxing?
no
yes
3. horror movies?
yes
no
6.3 Write about yourself. Use:
I never . . .
or
I . . . a lot
6.4
2. Bill and Rose .
C a ro l_______
i
You
3.
•
or
I d o n 't . . . very often.
/ n e v e r w a tch TV.
OR _ / w a tch T V a lot.
/ don't w a tch T V v e ry often.
1. (watch TV)
2.
3.
4.
5.
23/// a nd 'Rose like cla ssica l music.
C a ro l.
classical music.
I ____
OR
(go to the theater)
(ride a bicycle)
(eat in restaurants)
(travel by train)
Complete the sentences. All of them are negative. Use don't/doesn't + these verbs:
cost
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
go
know
read
see
use
w ear
I buy a newspaper every day, but sometimes I don 't r e a d it.
Paul has a car, but h e _______________ it very often.
Paul and his friends like movies, but th e y _______________ to the movie theater very often.
Am anda is m arried, but s h e _______________ a ring.
I _______________ m uch about politics. I’m not interested in it.
The Regent H otel isn’t expensive. I t
m uch to stay there.
. him very often.
Brian lives near us, but we .
6.5 Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative.
1. M argaret speaks four languages - English, Japanese, Arabic, and Spanish, (speak)
don / like my job. It’s very boring, (like)
3. “W h ere’s M artin?” “I’m sorry. I _______________________ .” (know)
4. Sue is a very quiet person. S h e _______________________ very m uch, (talk)
5. A n d y _______________________ a lot o f coffee. It’s his favorite drink, (drink)
. it! (believe)
6. It’s not true! I ________________
. it a lot. (like)
7. T hat’s a very beautiful picture. I .
meat, (eat)
M ark is a vegetarian. H e ______
2. I
13
Do you . . . ? (simple present questions)
We use d o /d o e s in simple present questions:
Do you play the guitar?
Question
Positive
I
we
you
they
w ork
lik e
do
have
he
she
it
w orks
likes
does
has
do
does
I
we
you
they
work?
like?
do?
have?
he
she
it
Study the w ord order:
d o /d o e s
Do
Do
D oes
do
do
does
does
W here
H ow often
W hat
H ow m uch
+
infinitive
subject +
w ork
live
play
live?
wash
mean?
cost
you
your friends
Chris
your parents
you
this word
it
on Sundays?
near here?
tennis?
your hair?
to fly to Puerto Rico?
Questions w ith alw ays/usu ally/ever:
W h at
Do
D oes
do
you
Chris
you
always
ever
usually
have
call
do
breakfast?
you?
on weekends?
W hat do you do? = W hat’s your job?
■ “W hat do you do?” “I w ork in a bank.”
Rem em ber:
do I/w e /y o u /th e y . . .
does h e / s h e / i t . . .
D o they like music?
D oes he like music?
Short answers
Yes,
I/w e /y o u /th e y do.
h e /s h e /it does.
No,
I/w e /y o u /th e y d o n ’t.
h e /s h e /it d oesn ’t.
“D o you play tennis?” “N o , I d o n ’t.”
“D o your parents speak English?” “Yes, they d o .”
“D oes Gary w ork hard?” “Yes, he d o es.”
“D oes your sister live in Vancouver?” “N o , she d o esn ’t.”
I do/work/like, etc. —►Unit 5
I don't
(negative) —►Unit 6
questions —►Units 45-48
U N I T
Exercises
7.1 Write questions with Do . . . ? and Does . . . ?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
I like chocolate. H ow about you? D o you like chocola te _____________________
I play tennis. H ow about y o u ? _________y o u __________________________________
You live near here. H ow about L ucy?________ L u c y __________________________
Tom plays tennis. How about his friends?_____________________________________
You speak English. H ow about your b ro th e r? _________________________________
I do yoga every m orning. H ow about y o u ? ____________________________________
Sue often travels on business. H ow about P aul?_______________________________
I w ant to be famous. H ow about y o u ? ________________________________________
You w ork hard. H ow about A n n a ?___________________________________________
7.2 Make questions from these words + do/does. Put the words in the right order.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
(where / live / your parents)
W h ere do y o u r p a re n ts live ___________________
(you / early / always / get up) D o you a lw a ys p e t up e a rly _________________
(how often / TV / you / w a tc h )_____________________________________________
(you / w ant / w hat / for d in n e r)____________________________________________
(like / you / fo o tb all)_______________________________________________________
(your brother / like / fo o tb all)______________________________________________
(what / you / do / in your free tim e ) ________________________________________
(your sister / w ork / w h e re )________________________________________________
(to the movies / ever / you / g o ) ____________________________________________
(what / m ean / this w o rd )__________________________________________________
(often / snow / it / h e r e )___________________________________________________
(go / usually / to bed / w hat tim e / you)
13. (how m uch / to call Mexico / it / cost)
14. (you / for breakfast / have / usually / what)
7.3 Complete the questions. Use these verbs:
-de~
do
enjoy
get
lik e
start
teach
w ork
1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6
.
7.
W hat tim e .
H ow .
And your husband. W h a t.
W h a t.
W hat do you do
_____________ it?
. in the morning?
. on Saturdays?
to work?
?
his job?
I work in a bookstore.
It’s OK.
At 9:00.
Sometimes.
Usually by bus.
H e’s a teacher.
Science.
Yes, he loves it.
7.4 Write short answers (Yes, he does. / No, I don't., etc.).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Do you watch TV a lot? No, / d o n ’t.__________ OR
Yes, / do.
Do you live in a big city ?_______________________________________
Do you ever ride a bicycle?______________________________________
Does it rain a lot w here you live? .
Do you play the p ia n o ?_________
— Additional exercises 4-7 (pages 245-246)
15
I am doing (present continuous) and
I do (simple present)
Jack plays the guitar,
but he is n o t p layin g the guitar now.
Is he p layin g the guitar?
D oes he play the guitar?
|
N o , he isn ’t.
Yes, he does.
(present continuous)
(simple present)
Present continuous (I am doing) = now, at the time o f speaking:
I’m d o in g
past
■
■
■
■
■
now
future
Please be quiet. I’m w orking. (not I work)
Tom is taking a shower at the m om ent. (not Tom takes)
Take an um brella w ith you. It’s raining.
You can turn off the television. I’m not w atching it.
W hy are you under the table? W hat are you doing?
Simple present (I do) = in general, all the time, or sometimes:
I do
past
■
■
■
■
■
now
future
I w ork every day from 9:00 to 5:30.
Tom takes a shower every m orning.
It rains a lot in the winter.
I d o n ’t w atch television very often.
W hat do you usually do on weekends?
We do not use these verbs in the present continuous (I am -ing):
lik e
prefer
love
hate
w ant
need
k n ow
m ean
understand
b elieve
rem em ber
forget
Use only the simple present w ith these verbs (I w ant / do you like?, etc.):
■ I’m tired. I w ant to go hom e. (not I’m wanting)
■ “D o you k n ow that girl?” “Yes, but I d o n ’t rem em b er her nam e.”
■ I d o n ’t understand. W hat do you mean?
present continuous —►Units 3-4
simple present —►Units 5-7
present for the future —►Unit 26
depend
Exercises
u N1
8
8.1 Answer the questions about the pictures.
Does he take photographs?
Yes, he does.
Is he taking a photograph? No, he isn t
W hat is he doing?
H e s taking a bath.____________________
Is she driving a bus? _
Does she drive a bus?
W hat is she doing?
We are teachers.
Does he wash windows? .
Is he washing a window?
W hat is he doing?
Are they teaching?
Do they teach ?__
W hat do they do?
8.2 Complete the sentences with am/is/are or do/don't/does/doesn't.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Excuse me, do you speak English?
“W h ere’s Kate?” “I _______________ know.”
W h at’s so funny? W h y
you laughing?
“W h a t_______________ your sister do?” “She’s a dentist.”
I t _______________ raining._I _______________ w ant to go out in the rain.
“W h e re _______________ you come from?” “Canada.”
H ow m u c h _______________it cost to send a letter to Canada?
Steve is a good tennis player, but h e ______________ play very often.
8.3 Put the verb in the presentcontinuous (/ am doing) or the simple present (/ do).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Excuse me, do you speak (you / speak) English?
“W h ere’s Tom?”
He's taking
(he / take) a shower.”
/ don't w a tch (I / not / watch) television very often.
Listen! S om ebody______________________________(sin g)*
Sandra is tire d .
:
(she / want) to go hom e now.
H ow o fte n _______________________________(you / read) a newspaper?
“Excuse me, b u t
(you / sit) in my seat.” “Oh, I’m sorry.”
I’m so rry,__________________________ (I / not / understand). Can you speak m ore slowly?
It’s la te .
(I / go) hom e n o w .___________________________
(you / come) w ith me?
W hat tim e ____________________________________ (your father / finish)w ork every day?
You can turn off the ra d io .______________________________________ (I / not / listen) to it.
“W h ere’s Paul?” “In the k itc h e n .
(he / cook) som ething.”
M a rtin ____________________________________________ (not / usually / drive) to work. He
_______________________________(usually / walk).
S u e _______________________ (not / like) coffee.
(she / prefer) tea.
17
I have . . . and I've g o t . . .
You can say I have or I’ve got, he has or h e’s got:
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
have
has
or
I
we
you
they
or
he
she
it
have g o t
(I’ve got)
(we’ve got)
(you’ve got)
(they’ve got)
has go t
(he’s got)
(she’s got)
(it’s got)
I've got a headache.
shortform
I have blue eyes, or I’ve g o t blue eyes.
Tim has two sisters, or Tim has go t two sisters.
O ur car has four doors, or O ur car has go t four doors.
Sarah isn’t feeling well. She has a headache, or She’s go t a headache.
They like animals. They have a horse, three dogs, and six cats, or They’ve got a horse
I d o n ’t have / I haven’t got, etc. (negative)
You can say:
I/w e /y o u /th e y
h e /s h e /it
■
■
■
■
d o n ’t
d o esn ’t
I / w e /y o u /th ey
have
h e /s h e /it
haven’t
got
hasn’t
I have a bike, but I d o n ’t have a car. or I’ve g o t a bike, but I haven’t go t a car.
Mr. and Mrs. Harris d o n ’t have any children, or . . . haven’t g o t any children.
It’s a nice house, but it d o esn ’t have a garage, or . . . it hasn’t go t a garage.
M ariko d oesn ’t have a job. or M ariko hasn’t got a job.
D o you have . . . ? / H ave you g o t . . . ?, etc. (questions)
You can say:
do
does
■
■
■
■
I/w e /y o u /th e y
h e /s h e /it
have?
or
have
has
I /w e /y o u /th e y
h e /s h e /it
got?
D o you have a camera? or H ave you go t a camera?
H elen have a car? or Has H elen go t a car?
D oes
W hat
kind o f car does she have? or W hat kind of carhas
W hat
do you have in your bag? or W hat have you g o t in
shegot?
your bag?
Short answers
“D o you have a camera?” “Yes, I d o.” / “N o, I d o n ’t.” or
“H ave you got a camera?” “Yes, I have.” / “No, I haven’t.”
“D oes Anne have a car?” “Yes, she d oes.” / “No, she d oesn ’t.”
“Has Anne got a car?” “Yes, she has.” / “No, she hasn’t.”
had / didn't have (past) —►Units 11-12
or
have breakfast / have a headache, etc. —►Unit 59
some/any —►Unit 77
U N I T
Exercises
9.1 Write the short form with got (we've got / he hasn't got, etc.).
1. we have g o t. w e ve g o t
2. he has g o t _ ___________
5. it has g o t ____
6. I have not g o t.
3. they have got _
4. she has not g o t .
9.2 Read the questions and answers. Then write sentences about Mark.
_
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
H e hasn t g o t a car.
1.
Have you got a car?
Have you got a computer?
Have you got a dog?
Have you got a cell phone?
Have you got a watch?
Have you got any brothers or
sisters?
2
Mark
.
H e __________________
3.
4.
5.
What about you? Write sentences with I've got or / haven't got.
7.
8.
9.
10.
___________________________________________
----------------------------------------------------------------___________________________________________
___________________________________________
(a com puter)
(a dog)
(a bike)
(brothers / sisters)
9.3 Write these sentences with have/has or don't have / doesn't have. The meaning is
the same.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
9.4
They have got two children.
She hasn’t got a key.
He has got a new job.
They haven’t got m uch money.
Have you got an umbrella?
We have got a lot of w ork to do.
I haven’t got your phone number.
Has your father got a car?
H ow m uch money have we got?
They h ave tw o children. ______________
S h e doesn t have a key.
Complete the sentences with do, doesn't, don't, got, has, or have.
1. Sarah hasn’t g o t a car. She goes everywhere by bicycle.
They like animals. They have three dogs and two cats.
Charles isn’t happy. H e ____________________ got a lot of problem s.
They don’t read much. T h e y ____________________ have many books.
. som ething in my eye.”
“W h at’s wrong?” “I’v e _________________
“W h ere’s my pen?” “I don’t know. I don’t . __________________ it.”
have a ticket.
7. Julia wants to go to the concert, but she
9.5 Complete the sentences. Use have/has or don't have / doesn't have with:
a lo t o f frien d s
a b ig yard
fou r w h eels
m u ch tim e
a h ead ach e
a key
six legs
I’m not feeling well. I h ave a headache._________________________________
It’s a nice house, but it doesn't have a big yard. __________________________
M ost c a rs_______________________________________________________________
Everybody likes Tom. He .
I can’t open the door. I __
An in se c t______________
Hurry! W e _____________
—• Additional exercises 5-7 (page 246)
19
was/were
last night
now
N ow R obert is at work.
At m idnight last night
he w asn ’t at work.
H e was in bed.
H e was asleep.
a m /is
■
■
■
(present) -►was (past):
I am tired, (now)
W here is Kate? (now)
The w eather is nice today.
I was tired last night.
W here was Kate yesterday?
The w eather was nice last week.
are (present) -►w ere (past):
■ You are late, (now)
M They aren’t here, (now)
Positive
I
he
she
it
we
you
they
You w ere late yesterday.
They w eren ’t here last Sunday.
Negative
was
w ere
Question
I
he
she
it
was n ot
(wasn’t)
was
we
you
they
w ere n ot
(w eren’t)
w ere
I?
he?
she?
it?
we?
you?
they?
Last year Rachel was 22, so she is 23 now.
W hen I was a child, I was afraid of dogs.
We w ere hungry after the trip, but we w eren ’t tired.
The hotel was comfortable, but it w asn ’t expensive.
Was the w eather nice w hen you w ere on vacation?
Your shoes are nice. Were they expensive?
W hy w ere you late this m orning?
Short answers
Yes,
I/h e /s h e /it was.
w e /y o u /th ey were.
No,
I /h e /s h e /it w asn ’t.
w e /y o u /th ey w eren ’t.
“Were you late?” “N o , I w asn ’t.”
“Was Ted at w ork yesterday?” “Yes, he w as.”
“Were Sue and Steve at the party?” “N o , they w eren ’t .”
am/is/are —►Units 1-2
I was doing —►Unit 13
U N I
Exercises
10.1 Where were these people at 3:00 yesterday afternoon?
5.
8 L _
?
/ /v
(
Jj
Gary
Jack
Kate
1.
O a r v w a s in bed.
2. Jack and Kate .
3. S u e _________
Sue
Mr. and Mrs. Hall
Ben
4. __________
5. __________
6. And you? I .
10.2 Write am/is/are (present) or was!were (past).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Last year she w a s 22, so she is 23 now.
. very cold.
Today the w e a th e r_________nice, but yesterday i t .
I _________ hungry. Can I have som ething to eat?
very tired last night.
I feel fine this m orning, but I
you
at
11:00
last
Friday
m orning?
W h e re _____
D o n ’t buy those shoes. T h e y _________ very expensive.
I like your new ja c k e t._________ it expensive?
This tim e last year I
in Paris.
. here a few m inutes ago.”
“W h e re ________ the children?” “I don’t know. They .
10.3 Write was!were or wasn't!weren't.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
We w eren’t happy w ith the hotel. O ur room w a s very small, and it w a sn t clean.
M a rk
at w ork last week because h e __________ sick. H e’s better now.
Y esterday
a holiday, so the b a n k s
closed. They’re open today.
“
Kate and Bill at the party?” “K a te __________ there, but B ill_________ .”
on the table, but they’re
“W here are my keys?” “I don’t know. They .
not there now.”
you?
6. Y o u _________ at hom e last night. W h e re ____
10.4 Write questions from these words + was/were. Put the words in the right order.
_________ Y n_______________________________________ _
2.
(late / you / this morning / why?)
W h y w e r e y o u la te this m orning?
(difficult / your exam?)
3.
(last week / where / Sue and Chris?)
4.
(your new camera / how much?)
5.
(angry / you / yesterday / why?)
6.
(nice / the weather / last week?)
1.
The traffic was bad.
No, it was easy.
They were on vacation.
O ne hundred and tw enty dollars.
Because you were late.
Yes, it was beautiful.
worked/got/went, etc. (simple past)
They
w atch
They
w atched
television every night.
(simple present)
television last night.
(simple past)
w atched is the simple past:
I/w e /y o u /th e y
, ,t
h e /s h e /it
t t
w atched
The simple past is often -ed (regular verbs). For example:
work —►w ork ed
clean —►cleaned
start —►started
■
■
■
■
dance —►danced
stay —►stayed
need —►need ed
I brush my teeth every m orning. This m orning I brushed my teeth.
Terry w ork ed in a bank from 1996 to 2003.
Yesterday it rained all m orning. It stop p ed at lunchtim e.
W e enjoyed the party last night. We danced a lot and talked to a lot of people. The
party ended at m idnight.
For spelling, see Appendix 5.
try —►trie d
stop —►sto p p ed
study —►studied
plan —►p lan n ed
copy —►copied
Some verbs are irregular (= not regular). The simple past is not -ed. H ere are some im portant
irregular verbs (see also Appendixes 2-3):
begin —►began
break
broke
bring
b rou ght
build
b u ilt
buy
b ou g h t
catch
caught
cam e
come
did
do
drink
drank
eat
ate
fall
find
fly
forget
get
give
g°
have
hear
know
fell
fou n d
flew
fo rg o t
got
gave
w en t
had
heard
k n ew
leave —►left
lose
lo st
make
m ade
m eet
m et
paid
pay
put
p ut
read
read (red)*
ring
rang
say
said
saw
see
—►sold
sell
sit
sat
sleep
slept
speak
spoke
stand
stood
take
to o k
told
tell
think
th o u g h t
w in
w on
w rite
w rote
*pronounced {(redv
■
■
■
■
I usually get up early, but this m orning I g o t up at 9:30.
W e did a lot o f w ork yesterday.
Caroline w en t to the movies three times last week.
Jam es cam e into the room, to o k off his coat, and sat down.
was/were —►Unit 10
I didn't / Did you . . . ? (negative and questions) —►Unit 12
ago —►Unit 18
U N I T
Exercises
11.1 Complete the sentences. Use a verb from the box.
b ru sh
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
d ie
en d
en joy
h ap p en
o p en
rain
start
stay
w ant
I b ru s h e d my teeth three times yesterday.
It was hot in the room , so I _______________ the window.
at 10:00.
The movie was very long. I t _______________ at 7:15 and _
W hen I was a child, I _______________ to be a doctor.
The accid en t_______________ last Sunday afternoon.
all day.
It’s a nice day today, but yesterday i t __________
at a very nice place.
W e _______________ our vacation last year. W e .
.
w
hen
he
was
90
years
old.
Anna’s g ran d father___________
11.2 Write the simple past of these verbs.
1. get g o t________
________
2. see .
________
3. p la y .
4. p a y _______
5. v is it_______
6. b u y _______
7. go —
8. think .
9. copy _
10. k n o w .
11. p u t __
12. sp ea k .
11.3 Read about Lisa's trip to Mexico City. Put the verbs in the correct form.
Last Tuesday, Lisa (l) fle w from Los Angeles to Mexico City. She
. a cup
. up at 6:00 in the morning and (3).
(2) -------------------.
home
and
(5)
_
_ to
of coffee. At 7:15 she (4).
the
. there, she (7).
the airport. W hen she (6)
. in. Then she
. to the terminal, and (9).
car, (8)
________ for
. breakfast at an airport cafe and (11).
(10).
.
on
time
and
(13).
her flight. The plane (12)___________
ltaxi from
in Mexico City four hours later. Finally she (14).
the airport to her hotel downtown.
fly
get, have
leave, drive
get, park
walk, check
have, wait
depart, arrive
take
11.4 Write sentences about the past (yesterday / last w eek, etc.).
1. Jam es always goes to work by car. Yesterday h e w e n t to w o rk b y car.
Rachel often loses her keys. She .
Kate meets her friends every night. S h e ________________
I usually buy two newspapers every day. Yesterday I _____
We often go to the movies on weekends. Last Sunday we
I eat an orange every day. Yesterday I .
Tom always takes a shower in the m orning. This m orning he .
O u r friends often come to see us. T h e y ___________________
11.5 Write sentences about what you did yesterday.
1.
/ w e n t to th e theater._______
2. ______________________________
3. ______________________________
: : onal exercise 10 (page 248)
4. ______
5. ______
6. ______
. last week.
. last night.
. last Friday.
I didn't. . .
Did you . . . ?
(simple past negative and questions)
We use d id in simple past negatives and questions:
Positive
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
Negative
played
started
w atched
had
saw
did
w ent
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
did n ot
(d idn ’t)
Question
play
start
watch
have
see
do
g°
D o /d o e s (present) —►did (past):
■ I d o n ’t watch television very often.
I d id n ’t watch television yesterday.
■ D o es she go out often?
D id she go out last night?
We use d id /d id n ’t + baseform (w a tc h /p la y /g o , etc.):
I watched
they went
he had
you did
but
I didn’t watch
did they go?
he didn’t have
did you do?
(not I didn’t watched)
(not did they went?)
I played tennis yesterday, but I d id n ’t w in.
“D id you do your hom ew ork?” “No, I d id n ’t have tim e.”
We w en t to the movies, but we d id n ’t enjoy the film.
Study the w ord order in questions:
did + subject
W h at
H ow
W here
D id
did
did
did
+
base form
your sister
you
the accident
your parents
call
do
happen?
you?
last night?
g°
for vacation?
Short answers
Yes,
I/w e /y o u /th e y
h e /s h e /it
“D id
“D id
“D id
“D id
24
did.
No,
I/w e /y o u /th e y
h e /s h e /it
d id n ’t.
you see Joe yesterday?” “N o , I d id n ’t.”
it rain on Sunday?” “Yes, it d id .”
H elen come to the party?” “N o , she d id n ’t .”
your parents have a good trip?” “Yes, th ey d id .”
worked/got/went, etc. (simple past) —►Unit 11
did
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
play?
start?
watch?
have?
see?
do?
go?
U N I T | 2
Exercises
12.1 Complete these sentences with the verb in the negative.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I saw Barbara, but I didn't s e e Jane.
. on Tuesday,
They w orked on Monday, but th e y _____________________
to the bank.
We w ent to the post office, but w e _____________________
She had a pen, but s h e _________________________ any paper.
any work in the house.
Jack did some w ork in the yard, but he .
12.2 Write questions with Did .. . ?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I
I
I
I
I
watched TV last night. H ow about you?
enjoyed the party. H ow about you?
had a nice vacation. H ow about you?
finished w ork early. H ow about you?
slept well last night. H ow about you?
D id you w a tch T V la st night
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
12.3 What did you do yesterday? Write positive or negative sentences.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
(watch TV)
(get up before 7:00)
(take a shower)
(buy a magazine)
(eat meat)
(go to bed before 10:30)
/ w a tch e d TV.
OR
/ didn 't w a tch TV.
____________________________________________________
12.4 Write B's questions. Use:
cost
g et to w ork
go
go to bed late
happen
have a n ice tim e
-stay"-
w in
?
5. A: We came hom e by taxi.
B: H ow m uch
A: Tw enty dollars.
?
6. A: I’m tired this m orning.
B:
?
A: No, but I didn’t sleep very well.
3. A: I played tennis this afternoon.
B:
A: No, I lost.
?
7. A: W e w ent to the beach yesterday.
B:
?
A: Yes, it was great.
4. A: I had a nice vacation.
B: Good. W here
A: To the m ountains.
?
8. A: The window is broken.
B: H ow
A: I don’t know.
1. A: We w ent to Chicago last m onth.
B: W here d id vou s ta y
A: W ith some friends.
2. A: I was late for the meeting.
B: W hat time
A: H alf past nine.
?
?
12.5 Put the verb in the correct form - positive, negative, or question.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
We w ent to the movies, but the film wasn’t very good. W e didn 't en joy it. (enjoy)
some new clothes yesterday - two shirts, a jacket, and a sweater, (buy)
T im .
. yesterday?” “N o, it was a nice day.” (rain)
_ long at the party, (stay)
We were tired, so we .
It was very warm in the room , so I . ______________ a window, (open)
“Did you call Chris this m orning?” “No, I _______________ tim e.” (have)
“I cut my hand this m orning.5 ‘H o w _______________ that?” (do)
“W hy w eren’t you at the m eeting yesterday?” “I _______________ about it.” (know)
— -sd itio n a l exercises 10-13 (page 248)
25
I was doing (past continuous)
It is 6:00 now.
Paul is at home.
He is w atching television.
now (6:00)
4:00
At 4:00 he wasn’t at home.
He was at the gym.
He was sw im m in g in the pool.
He wasn’t w atching television.
► 4:15
3:30
he started
swimming
he finished
swimming
he was sw im m in g
W as/w ere + -in g is the past continuous:
I
he
she
it
was
we
you
they
w ere
■
■
■
■
■
■
Question
Negative
Positive
d o in g
w atch in g
p layin g
sw im m in g
livin g,
etc.
I
he
she
it
was n ot
(w asn’t)
we
you
they
w ere n ot
(w eren’t)
d o in g
w atch in g
p layin g
sw im m in g
livin g,
etc.
was
I
he
she
it
w ere
we
you
they
doing?
w atching?
playing?
sw im m in g?
living?,
etc.
W hat w ere you d o in g at 11:30 yesterday? Were you w orking?
“W hat did he say?” “I don’t know. I w asn ’t listen in g .”
It was raining, so we didn’t go out.
In 2001 we w ere liv in g in Japan.
Today she’s wearing a skirt, but yesterday she was w earing pants.
I woke up early yesterday. It was a beautiful m orning. The sun was shining, and the
birds w ere singing.
Spelling (live -►living / run —>►running / lie -►lying, etc.) —►Appendix 5
A m /is /a r e + -in g (present) —>►
w a s/w ere + -in g (past):
Present
M I’m w o rk in g (now).
■ It isn ’t rain in g (now).
■ W hat are you d o in g (now)?
was/were —►Unit 10
Past
I was w o rk in g at 10:30 last night.
It w asn ’t rain in g w hen we w ent out.
W hat w ere you d o in g at 3:00?
I was doing and I did (past continuous and simple past) —►Unit 14
U N I T | J
Exercises
13.1 Look at the pictures. Where were these people at 3:00 yesterday afternoon? And what
were they doing? Write two sentences for each picture.
3.
i&sjm
miIJMd
Rachel
at hom e
watch TV
^ Ti^m
Jack Kate
at the supermarket in his car
drive
buy food
Tracey
at the station
wait for a train
US
Mr. and Mrs. Hall
in the park
walk
1.
~Rgchel_ w as a t ___ home. She was_ washing.TV._____
2. Jack and K a te _________________________________. They
3. Tim
4. _______________________________________________
5.
„________
6. And you? I _________________________________________
13.2 Sarah did a lot of things yesterday. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
7:10-7:25
7:30-8:10
8:30-9:00
she_ was_ w ashing
1. At 8:45
2 . At 10:45 s h e _______________________
3. At 8:00
10:15-11:45
12:00-12:45
4. At 12:10.
5. At 7:15.
6. At 9:30.
13.3 Complete the questions. Use was/were -ing. Use what/where/why if necessary.
W h e re w e r e you living
1. (von / live')
2. (vou / do)
3. (it / rain)
4. (Sue / drive)
5. (Tim / wear)
in 1999?
at 2:00?
w hen you got up?
so fast?
a suit yesterday?
In Brazil.
I was asleep.
No, it was sunny.
Because she was late.
No, a T-shirt and jeans.
13.4 Look at the picture. You saw Joe in the street yesterday afternoon. What w as he
doing? Write positive or negative sentences.
1. (wear / a jacket) H e w a sn 't w ea rin g a iacket.
2. (carry / a bag)
3. (fo / to the dentist)
4. (eat / an ice cream cone)
5. (carry / an umbrella)
6. (p-o / home)
7. (wear / a hat)
8. (ride / a bicvcle)
..
27
I was doing (past continuous) and
I did (simple past)
Jack was reading
a book.
The phone rang.
H e stop p ed reading.
He answ ered the
phone.
W hat happened? The phone rang, (simple past)
W hat was Jack d o in g w hen the phone rang?
(past continuous)
He was reading a book.
W hat did he do w hen the phone rang?
He stop p ed reading and answ ered the phone.
(simple past)
Jack began reading before the phone rang.
So when the phone rang, he was reading.
he began
reading
the phone
rang
he stopped
reading
I__
he answered the
phone
________I
he was reading
Simple past
M A: W hat did you do yesterday m orning?
B: We played tennis, (from 10:00 to 11:30)
Start
10:00
1
1
I
Finish
11:30
1
1
J
r
Past continuous
■ A: W hat w ere you d o in g at 10:30?
B: We w ere p layin g tennis.
Start
10:00
|
^
w
t / /
we played
completed action
we w ere p layin g
unfinished action
'■ Jack read a book yesterday.
(= from beginning to end)
■ D id you w atch the basketball game on
television last night?
■ It d id n ’t rain while we were on vacation.
■ Jack was reading a book w hen the
phone rang.
■ Were you w atch in g television w hen
I called you?
■ It w asn ’t rain in g w hen I got up.
■
■
■
■
I started work at 9:00 and fin ish ed at 4:30. At 2:30 I was w orkin g.
It was rain in g w hen we w en t out. (= it started raining before we w ent out)
I saw Lucy and Steve this m orning. They w ere w a itin g at the bus stop.
Kelly fe ll asleep while she was reading.
I did (simple past) —►Units 11-12
I was doing (past continuous) —►Unit 13
while —►Unit 106
U N I
Exercises
14.1 Look at the pictures. Put the verbs in the correct form, past continuous or simple past.
Lucy. b ro ke
I t ___
sh e _
room. S he___
off the ladder.
(break) her arm last week.
. (happen) when
(paint) her
_______ (M )
_ (walk)
Yesterday S u e__________
. (meet)
down the street when she .
James. H e .
— (go)
to the station to catch a train, and he
____________________________ (carry) a bag.
T h ey _________________________ (stop) to
talk for a few minutes.
3.
14.2 Put the verb into the past continuous or simple past.
1. A:
B:
2. A:
B:
3. A:
B:
4. A:
B:
5. A:
B:
6. A:
B:
7. A:
B:
8. A:
B:
9. A:
B:
10. A:
B:
A:
W hat w e r e yo u doing (you / do) w hen the phone ra n g (ring)?
I w a s w a tch in g (watch) television.
Was Jane busy w hen you w ent to see her?
Yes, s h e ________________________ (study).
W hat tim e ____________________________ (the mail / arrive) this m orning?
I t ________________________ (come) while I _________________________ (have) breakfast.
Was Tracey at w ork today?
(not / go) to work. She was sick,
No, s h e _________________
(you / drive) w hen the police
H ow fa s t________________
(stop) you?
(not / drive) very fast.
I’m not sure, but I
___________________________(your team / win) the baseball game yesterday?
________________
No, the w eather was very bad, so w e
(not / play).
_______(you / break) the window?
H ow _
(hit) the ball
(play) baseball. I _________________
W e __
(break) the window.
and i t .
_ (you / see) Jenny last night?
______
_________ (wear) a very nice jacket.
Yes, she .
(you / do) at 2:00 this m orning?
W hat
I was asleep.
(lose) my key last night.
I __________
(you / get) into your apartm ent?
H ow .
(climb) in through a window.
I ___
- - : a tional exercises 14-15 (pages 249-250)
I used to
Dave afew years ago
I w ork in a superm arket.
I used to work in a factory.
work in a factory.
Dave
Dave used to w ork in a factory. N ow he w orks in a superm arket.
Dave used to w ork in a factory. = he w orked in a factory before, but he doesn’t
work there now:
he works
he used to w ork
past
You can say I used to w ork . . . / she used to have . . . / th ey used to be . . . , etc.
I /y o u /w e /th e y
h e /s h e /it
used to
be
w ork
have
play, etc.
I used to have very long hair.
■ W hen I was a child, I used to lik e chocolate.
■ I used to read a lot of books, but I don’t read
m uch these days.
■ Liz has short hair now, but it used to be very long.
■ They used to live on the same street as us,
so we used to see them a lot. B ut we don’t
see them very often these days.
■ H elen used to have a piano, but she sold it a few
years ago.
T he negative is I d id n ’t use to . . . .
■ W hen I was a child, I d id n ’t use to lik e tomatoes.
The question is did you use to . . . ?
■ W here did you use to live before you came here?
| \
oLo ^ o
o 0 V?
We use used to . . . only for the past. You cannot say “I use to . . .” for the present:
■ I used to play tennis. These days I play golf. (not I use to play golf)
■ We usually get up early, (not We use to get up early)
U N I
Exercises
15.1 Look at the pictures. Complete the sentences with used to .
I'm a hairdre?sser now. " “ I
1 J
r
1
This is me a few years ago.
When 1 was y o u n g e r. . .
1.
2. He
She used to have
" m is "
A few years ago
3.
baseball.
Iona hair.
a taxi driver.
This is me 20 years ago.
1 never wear glasses now. 1
We live in New York City now.
V
S .1
(
J1
|
rh sbB ^ ^
■■
n
^
6. This buildin g
5.
4.
r J \ ;
AF 7
r rS Jfe A
in the
country.
15.2 Karen works very hard and has very little free time. A few years
ago, things were different.
Do you play any sports? ■ ►Yes, I swim every day,
and I play volleyball.
Do you go out much? ■ ►Yes, three or four nights
a week.
Do you play a musical ■ ►Yes, the guitar.
instrum ent?
Do you like to read? ■ ►Yes, I read a lot.
Do you travel much? ■ ►Yes, I take two or three
trips a year.
I w ork very hard
at my job. I don't
have any free time.
Karen now
Write sentences about Karen with used to ..
She u sed to sw im e v e ry day.________
1.
. volleyball.
2. She.
3. ____
15.3 Complete these sentences. Use used
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
4.
5.
6
.
to orthe simple present(/ p/ay / he lives, etc.).
I
u sed to p la y
tennis. I stopped playing a few years ago.
“Do you play any sports?” “Yes, I p lo y
basketball.”
“Do you have a car?” “No, I ______________________one, but I sold it.”
G e o rg e______________________ a waiter. N ow h e’s the m anager o f a hotel.
“Do you go to w ork by car?” “Sometimes, but m ost days I ___________________ by train/
. meat, but I eat it now.
W hen I was a child, I never .
. TV every night.
M ary loves to watch TV. She .
. near the airport, but we moved dow ntow n a few years ago.
W e __________________
. up very early.
N orm ally I start w ork at 7:00, so I .
w hen you were a child?
W hat g am es_________ y o u ______
i
U N I T
Have you e v e r. . . ?
Have you been to Mexico City?
Yes# I have. Many times.
Have you ever been to Japan?
No, I've never been to Japan,
)
Have been / have driven / have played, etc. is the present perfect (have + past participle)
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
have (’ve)
have n ot (haven’t)
has (’s)
has n ot (hasn’t)
Regular verbs
played
lived
visited
read
lo st
been
flow n
has
played?
lived?
visited?
read?
regular verbs
he
she
it
lost?
been?
flown?
irregular verbs
The past participle is -ed (the same as the simple past):
play —►I have played
Irregular verbs
have
I
we
you
they
live —►I have lived
visit —►she has visited
The past participle is not -ed.
Sometimes the past participle is the same as the simple past:
buy -►I b ou gh t / I have b ou gh t
have -> he had / he has had
Sometimes the past participle is different (see Appendixes 2-3).
break —►I b rok e / I have broken
see —►you saw / you have seen
We use the present perfect w hen we talk about a tim e from the past until now, for example,
a person’s life.
Have you ever been to Japan?
------------------------- timefrom the past until now---------------past
now
■ “H ave you been to
France?” “No, I haven’t.”
■ W e’ve been to Canada, but we haven’t been to Alaska.
■ JVLary is an interesting person. She has had many different jobs and has lived
in many places.
■ I’ve seen that wom an before, but I can’t rem em ber where.
■ H ow many times has Brazil w on the W orld Cup?
■ “H ave you read this book?” “Yes, I’ve read it twice.” (tw ice = two times)
Present perfect + ever (in questions) and never:
■
■
■
■
■
“Has Ann ever been to Australia?” “Yes, once.” (once = one time)
“H ave you ever played golf?” “Yes, I play a lot.”
My sister has never traveled by plane.
I’ve never rid den a horse.
“W ho is that man?” “I don’t know. I’ve never seen h im before.”
present perfect —►Units 17-18 present perfect and simple past —►Units 19-21irregular verbs —►Appendixes 2-3
U N I T
Exercises
16.1 You are asking Helen questions beginning with Have you ever .
Write the questions.
16
Helen
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
(Montreal?)
(play / golf?)
(South Korea?)
(lose / your passport?)
(fly / in a helicopter?)
(win / a race?)
(Peru?)
(drive / a bus?)
(break / your leg?)
H av e you e v e r been to M o n tre a l?
H av e you e v e r p la y e d g o lf? _______
Have_______________________________
No, never.
Yes, many times.
Yes, once.
No, never.
Yes, a few times.
No, never.
Yes, twice.
No, never.
Yes, once.
16.2 Write sentences about Helen. (Look at her answers in Exercise 16.1.)
1. (Peru) She's been to P e ru tw ice._________________________________________________
2. (South Korea) S h e _________________________________________________________________
3. (win / a ra c e )_____________________________________________________________________
4. (fly / in a h elico p ter)______________________________________________________________
Now write about yourself. How often have you done these things?
5.
6.
7.
8.
(N ew York) I _____________________________________________________________________
(play / te n n is )______ ______________________________________________________________
(drive / a tru c k )
____________________________________________________________
(be / late for w ork or sch o o l)_______________________________________________________
16.3 Mary is 65 years old. She has had an interesting life. What has she done?
h ave
do
travel
be
w r ite
m e et
all over the w orld
m an y di f f eren t j obs
10 b ook s
a lo t o f in tere stin g th in g s
a lo t o f in tere stin g p eo p le
m arried th ree tim es
1.
She has h a d m any d iffe re n t job s.________________________________________________
2. She
________________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________________________
5.
__________________________________________________________________________
6
.
____________________________________________________________
16.4 Put the verbs in the present perfect.
1.
/ ve seen (I / see) that w om an before, but I can’t rem em ber her name.
2. “ H a v e you e v e r p la y e d (you / ever / play) golf?” “Yes, I play golf a lot.”
3. “__________________________(you / ever / write) a poem ?” “Yes, in high school.”
4. “Does Em m a know Sam?” “N o ,_________________________(she / never / meet) him .”
5. Ann and Eli have lots of books, a n d __________________________(they / read) all of them .
6. __________________________(I / never / be) to Australia, b u t _________________________
(my brother / be) there twice.
7. Joy’s favorite movie is Howard and Belinda.
(she / see) it five
times, b u t
(I / never / see) it.
8. _________________________ (I / travel) by plane, bus, and train. Someday, I w ant to take a
trip by boat.
— -zd itio n al exercises 16f 18 (pages 250-251)
33
U N I T
How long have you . . . ?
Jane is on vacation in Brazil.
She is there now.
She arrived in Brazil on Monday.
Today is Thursday.
H ow long has she been in Brazil?
She has been in Brazil
since M onday.
for three days.
How long have you
been in Brazil?
Com pare is and has been:
She is in Brazil
now.
She has been in Brazil
Monday
since M onday,
for three days.
is = present
has been = present perfect
now
Thursday
Com pare:
34
Simple present
Present perfect (have been / have lived / have know n, etc.)
Dan and Kate are m arried.
They have been m arried for five years.
(not They are m arried for five years.)
Are you married?
H o w lo n g have you been married?
(not H ow long are you married?)
D o you k n ow Lisa?
H o w lo n g have you k n ow n her?
(not H ow long do you know her?)
I k n o w Lisa.
I’ve k n ow n her for a lo n g tim e.
(not I know her for . . .)
Vera lives in Brasilia.
H o w lo n g has she lived in Brasilia?
She has lived there all her life.
I have a car.
H o w lo n g have you had your car?
I’ve had it since A pril.
Present continuous
Present perfect continuous (have been + -ing)
I’m stu d yin g Germ an.
H o w lo n g have you been stu d yin g German?
(not H ow long are you studying German?)
I’ve been stu d yin g Germ an for tw o years.
David is w atch in g TV.
H o w lo n g has he b een w atch in g TV?
H e’s been (= He has been) w atch in g TV since 5:00.
It’s raining.
It’s been (= It has been) rain ing all day.
for and since —►Units 18, 105
Exercises
UNI T \ J
17.1 Complete these sentences.
Jane is in Brazil. She has been
I know Lisa. I have know n
Sarah and Andy are married. They
Brian is sick. He
We live on M ain Street. We
C atherine works in a bank. She
Alan has a headache. He
this m orning.
8. I’m studying English. I
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
there since Monday.
her for a long time.
m arried since 1999.
sick for the last few days.
there for a long time.
in a bank for five years,
a headache since he got up
English for six m onths.
17.2 Make questions with How long . . . ?
S’
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Jane is on vacation.
Scott and Judy are in Brazil.
I know Amy.
Diana is studying Italian.
My brother lives in Seattle.
Fm a teacher.
It is raining.
".............
.......
H o w Iona has she been on v acation
How long
How lone
vou
?
?
?
?
J
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with:
fo r 10 m in u te s
fo r 10 y ea rs
1.
a ll day
sin ce h e w as 20
They have been m a rrie d fo r 10 yea rs.
a ll h er life
sin ce Sun d ay
______________________
2. S h e ____________________________________________________________
3. T h e y ___________________________________________________________
4. The s u n ________________________________________________________
5. S h e ____________________________________________________________
6. H e _____________________________________________________________
17.4 Which is right?
1. M ark-hves-/ has lived in Canada since April. (has lived is right)
2. Jane and I are friends. I know / I’ve know n her very well.
3. Jane and I are friends. I know / I’ve know n her for a long time.
4. A: Sorry I’m late. H ow long are you waiting / have you been w aiting?
B: N o t long. O nly five minutes.
5. M artin works / has w orked in a hotel now. H e likes his jo b a lot.
6. Ruth is reading the newspaper. She is reading / She has been reading it for two hours.
7. “H ow long do you live / have you lived in this house?” “A bout 10 years.”
8. “Is that a new coat?” “No, I have / I’ve had this coat for a long tim e.”
9. Tom is / has been in Seattle right now. H e is / He has been there for the last three days.
— -dditional exercises 16-18 (pages 250-251)
_____________________________
35
for
since
ago
For and since
W e use for and since to say how long:
■ Jane is in Brazil. She has been there { ^o r t^iree
I since Monday.
We use since + the start of the period
(Monday / 9:00, etc.):
We use for + a period of time
(three days / two years, etc.):
start of
the period
for three days
M onday
M onday
Tuesday
since M onday
W ednesday
past
past
now
for
three days
an hour
a week
a m onth
five years
since
10 m inutes
two hours
four weeks
six m onths
a long tim e
Richard has been in Canada for six
m on th s. (not since six months)
W e’ve been waiting for tw o
hours. (not since two hours)
I’ve lived in Chicago for a lo n g tim e.
M onday
9:00
July 4th
January
1995
W ednesday
12:30
my birthday
I was 10 years old
we arrived
Richard has been in Canada since
January. (= from January to now)
W e’ve been waiting since 9:00.
(= from 9:00 to now)
I’ve lived in Chicago since I was 10
years old.
A go
ago =
■
■
■
■
before now:
Susan started her new jo b three w eeks ago. (= three weeks before now)
“W hen did Tom leave?” “Ten m in u tes ago.” (= ten m inutes before now)
I had dinner an h our ago.
Life was very different a hundred years ago.
We use ago w ith the past (sta rted /d id /h a d /w a s, etc.).
C om pare ago and for:
■ W hen did Jane arrive in Brazil?
She arrived in Brazil three days ago.
■ H o w lo n g has she been in Brazil?
She has been in Brazil for three days.
present perfect + for/since —►Unit 17
from/until/since/for —►Unit 105
for and during - * Unit 106
U N I
Exercises
18.1 Write for or since.
.
1 Jane has been in Brazil
2.
3.
4.
5.
6
.
7.
8.
sin ce Mondav.
Jane has been in Brazil
three days.
15 years.
My aunt has lived in Australia
7:00.
Jennifer is in her office. She has been there
1821.
Mexico has been an independent country
20 minutes.
The bus is late. W e’ve been waiting
N obody lives in those houses. Thev have been em ptv
manv vears.
Michael has been sick
a long time. He has been in the hospital
October.
18.2 Answer these questions. Use ago.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
W hen
W hen
W hen
W hen
W hen
was
was
was
was
was
the
the
the
the
the
last
last
last
last
last
tim e
tim e
tim e
tim e
tim e
you
you
you
you
you
ate?
were
w ent
were
w ent
Three hours ago.
sick?
to the movies?
in a car?
on vacation?
18.3 Complete the sentences. Use for or ago with these words.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Jane arrived in Brazil th r e e d a ys ago.__________________
Jane has been in Brazil fo r th r e e days._________________
Lynn and M ark have been m a rrie d ______________________
Lynn and M ark got m a rrie d _____________________________
Dan arriv ed ___________________________________________
I bought these sh o es____________________________________
Silvia has been studying E n g lish _________________________
Have you know n L isa__________________________________
?
(three days)
(three days)
(20 years)
(20 years)
(an hour)
(a few days)
(six months)
(a long time)
48.4 Complete the sentences with for or since.
1. (Jane is in Brazil - she arrived there three days ago)
J a n e has b een in 3 r a z i ! fo r th r e e d a y s ._____________
2. (Jack is here - he arrived on Tuesday)
____________________________________________
Jack has
3. (It’s raining - it started an hour ago)
___________________________________________
It’s been
4. (I know Sue - I m et her in 2002)
I’v e
________________________________________
5. (Claire and M atthew are m arried - they got m arried six m onths ago)
Claire and M atthew h a v e _______ ___________________________________________________
6. (Liz is studying m edicine at the university - she started three years ago)
Liz h a s
_________________________________________________
7. (David plays the piano - he started w hen he was seven years old)
David has _ _ _____________________________ _________________________________________
* I 5 Write sentences about yourself. Begin your sentences with:
I’ve l i v e d
1.
I’ve b e e n
I5ve b een stu d yin g —
I've liv e d in this to w n fo r th r e e years.
3.
- i o c * :~al exercises 16-18 (pages 250-251)
I5ve k n o w n —
I5ve had —
_________________________________________
I have done and I did
(present perfect and simple past 1)
His car is dirty.
H e is washing his car.
H e has w ashed his car.
(= his car is clean now)
They are at home.
They are going out.
They have gon e out.
(= they are not at hom e now)
We use the present perfect for an action in the past w ith a result now:
■ I’ve lo st my passport. (= I can’t find my passport now)
■ “W here’s Rebecca?” “She’s g on e to bed.” (= she is in bed now)
■ W e’ve b ou gh t a new car. (= we have a new car now)
■ It’s Rachel’s birthday tom orrow, and I haven’t b o u g h t her a present.
(= I don’t have a present for her now)
■ “Bob is away on vacation.” “O h, w here has he gone?” (= w here is he now?)
■ H ave you m e t my brother, or should I introduce you?
■ I was a very slow typist in college, but I’ve gotten faster.
Usually you can also use the simple past (he w ashed / I lost, etc.) in these situations. So
you can say:
■ “W h ere’s your key?” “I’ve lo st it.” or “I lo st it.”
■ “Is Peter here?” “No, h e’s g on e hom e.” or “H e w en t hom e.”
■ W e’ve b o u g h t a new car. or We b o u g h t a new car.
We use only the simple past (not the present perfect) w ith a finished tim e (yesterday,
last w eek, etc.).
■ I lo st my key yesterday. (not I have lost)
■ We b ou gh t a new car last w eek. (not we have bought)
simple past—►Units 11-12
present perfect —►Units 16-18
present perfect and simple past—►Units 20-21
Exercises
u N1
19
19.1 Look at the pictures. What has happened? Use the present perfect. Choose from:
go to bed
w ash h er car
stop ra in in g
close th e d oor
fa ll d ow n
take a show er
She has w a sh e d h e r car.
He
They
It
He
The
19.2 Rewrite the sentences that have underlined verbs. Use the present perfect.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Lee M ing isn’t here. He w ent home. H e has g o n e home._________________
I don’t need to call them . I w rote them a le tte r.__________________________ _
Karen’s not coming to the party. She broke her a rm ._______________________
My brother and his wife don’t live here any more. They moved to Seattle.
5. I made a big m istak e.
___________________________________________
6. I lost my w a lle t._______ _________________________________________________
Did you see it anywhere? _ _ _ ___________________________________________
7. Did you hear? __________________________________________________________
M ark got married. _ _ _ _ _________________________________________________
Now rewrite these present perfect sentences in the simple past.
8.
9.
10.
11.
I’ve done the shopping. / d id the shopping._____________________________
Brian has taken my bike again w ithout asking.____________________________
Have you told your friends the good n ew s?_______________________________
We haven’t paid the electric b ill._________________________________________
39
just, already, and yet
(present perfect and simple past 2)
Just = a short time ago
We use ju st w ith the present perfect oi
■ A: Are Diane and Paul here?
B: Yes, they’ve ju st arrived.
Yes, they ju st arrived.
■ A: Are you hungry?
B: No, I’ve ju st had dinner.
I ju st had dinner.
■ A: Is Tom here?
B: No, sorry, he’s ju st left.
H e ju st left.
y ^ y have just arrjvecj
A lready = before you expected / before I expected
We use already w ith the present perfect or the simple past.
■ A: W hat time are Diane and Paul coming?
B: They’ve already arrived, or
They already arrived.
■ It’s only 9:00 and Anna has already gon e to bed.
or . . . Anna already w en t to bed.
(= before I expected)
■ A: Jon, this is Emma.
B: Yes, I know. W e’ve already m et. or
W e already m et.
Yes, I know. We've
already met.
Jon, this is Emma.
Yet = until now
We use yet w ith the present perfect or the simple past. W e use yet in negative sentences and
questions. Yet is usually at the end.
yet in negative sentences
■ A: Are Diane and Paul here?
B: No, they haven’t arrived yet. or
. . . they d id n ’t arrive yet.
(but B expects Diane and Paul to arrive soon)
■ A: Does Jam es know that you’re going away?
B: N o, I haven’t told him yet. or
. . . I d id n ’t te ll him yet.
(but B is going to tell him soon)
■ Silvia has bought a new dress, but she hasn’t
w orn it yet. or . . . she d id n ’t w ear it yet.
yet in questions
■ A: H ave Diane and Paul arrived yet? or
D id Diane and Paul arrive yet?
B: No, not yet. W e’re still waiting for them .
■ A: Has Nicole started her new job yet? or
D id Nicole start her new job yet?
B: No, she’s starting next week.
■ A: This is my new dress.
B: Oh, it’s nice. H ave you w orn it yet? or
D id you w ear it yet?
present perfect —►Units 16-18
The film
hasn't started yet.
Oh, it's nice. Have you
worn it yet?
This is my new dress.
present perfect and simple past —►Units 19, 21
still, yet, and already —►Unit 96
U N I
Exercises
20.1 Write a sentence with ju s t for each picture.
1.
They 've ju s t arrived.
2. He
3. Theyj .
4. The race
Complete the sentences. Use already + present perfect.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
W hat tim e is Paul arriving?
Do your friends w ant to see the movie?
D on’t forget to call Tom.
W hen is M artin going to work?
Do you w ant to read the newspaper?
W hen does Sarah start her new job?
H e 's a lrea d y a rrived .
No, they
it.
I
He
I
She
\_
20.3 Rewrite these sentences. Use the present perfect.
1. Did Sarah start her new job yet? H as S a ra h s ta rte d h e r n e w jo b yet?
2. Did you tell your father about the accident y e t? ________________________
3. I ju st ate a big dinner, so I’m not hu n g ry .______________________________
4. Jenny can watch TV because she already did her h o m ew o rk .____________
5. You can’t go to bed - you didn’t brush your teeth y e t.__________________
6. You can’t talk to Pete because he ju st w ent h o m e .______________________
7. Nicole ju st got out o f the hospital, so she can’t go to w o rk .______________
Now rewrite these sentences in the simple past.
8. Have you given the post office our new address yet?
D id you g iv e the p o s t o ffic e o u r n e w ad dress yet? ________________
9.
10.
11.
12.
The mail carrier hasn’t come y e t._____________________________________
I’ve ju st spoken to your sister.________________________________________
Has M ario bought a new com puter y e t? _______________________________
Ted and Alice haven’t told anyone they’re getting m arried yet.
13. W e’ve already done our packing for our tr ip .__________________________
14. I’ve ju st swum a mile. I feel great!____________________________________
20.4 Write questions with the present perfect and yet.
1. Your friend has a new job. Perhaps she has started it. You ask her:
H a ve you s ta r t e d y o u r n e w jo b y e t?
2. Your friend has some new neighbors. Maybe he has m et them . You ask him:
vou
3. Your friend has to pay her phone bill. Perhaps she has paid it. You ask her:
?
7
4. Tom was trying to sell his car. Maybe he has sold it. You ask a friend about Tom.
7
U N I T
21
I've lost my key. I lost my key last week.
(present perfect and simple past 3)
Sometimes you can use the present perfect (I have lo st / he has gone, etc.) or the
simple past (I lo st / he w ent, etc.).
■ “Is Peter here?”
“N o, h e’s gon e hom e.”
or
“No, he w en t hom e.”
B ut w ith a finished tim e (yesterday / last w eek, etc.), we use only the simple past (not the
present perfect).
simple past
We arrived
+ finished time
yesterday.
last week.
at 3:00.
in 2002.
six m onths ago.
yesterday
last w eek
six m onths ago
finished time
now
past
Do not use the present perfect (have arrived / have d on e / have been, etc.) w ith a
finished time:
■ I saw Paula yesterday, (not I have seen)
■ W here were you on Sunday afternoon? (not W here have you been)
■ We d id n ’t take a vacation last year. (not We haven’t taken)
■ “W hat did you do last night?” “I stayed at hom e.”
■ W illiam Shakespeare lived from 1564 to 1616. He was a writer. He w rote many
plays and poems.
Use the simple past to ask W hen . . . ? or W hat tim e . . . ?
■ W hen did you buy your com puter? (not W hen have you bought?)
■ W hat tim e did Andy go out? (not W hat tim e has Andy gone out?)
Com pare:
Present perfect or simple past
■
■
■
■
I have lo st my key. or I lo st my key. (= I can’t find it now)
Ben has gon e home, or Ben w en t hom e. (= he isn’t here now)
H ave you had lunch? or D id you have lunch?
The letter hasn’t arrived yet. or The letter d id n ’t arrive yet.
Sim ple past only
Present perfect only
finished time
time until now
H ave you ever been to Spain?
(= in your life, until now)
My friend is a writer. He has w ritten
m any books.
The letter hasn’t arrived yet.
W e’ve lived in Boston for six years.
(= we live there now)
42
now
past
past
present perfect —►Units 16-18
m D id you go to Spain last year?
W illiam Shakespeare (1564-1616)
w rote many plays and poems.
The letter d id n ’t arrive yesterday.
We lived in Chicago for six years,
but now we live in Boston.
present perfect and simple past —►Units 19-20
U N I
Exercises
21.1 Complete the answers to the questions.
1.
Have you had lunch?
2. Have you started your new job?
3.
Have your friends arrived?
4.
Has Sarah gone out?
5.
Have you w orn your new suit?
Yes, / h a d i t _______________________ an hour ago.
Yes, I ________________________________ last week.
Yes, th e y _____________________________ on Friday.
Y es,_____________________________________at 5:00.
Y es,__________________________________ yesterday.
21.2 Are these sentences OK? Correct the verbs that are wrong. (The verbs are underlined.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
I’ve lost my key. I can’t find it.________________ O K ____________________________________
Have you seen Kate yesterday?
D id you se e ___________________________
I’ve finished my w ork at 2:00.
_________________________________________
I’m ready now. I’ve finished my work.
_________________________________________
W hat time have you finished your work?
_________________________________________
Sue isn’t here. She’s gone out.______________ _________________________________________
Steve’s grandm other has died two years ago. _________________________________________
W here have you been last night?_____________________________________________________
21.3 Put the verb in the present perfect or past.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
My friend is a writer. He has w r itte n
(write) m any books.
W e didn f ta ke (not / take) a vacation last year.
I _______________________ (play) tennis yesterday afternoon.
W hat tim e _______________________ (you / go) to bed last night?
_______________________ (you / ever / m eet) a famous person?
The w e a th e r________________________(not / be) very good yesterday.
Kathy travels a lot. S h e ________________________(visit) many countries.
I _______________________ (turn) off the light before leaving this m orning.
I live in N ew York now, but I ________________________ (live) in Mexico for many years.
“W h at’s Peru like? Is it beautiful?” “I don’t know. I
•_______________(not / be) there.’
21.4 Put the verb in the present perfect or past.
1. A:
H ave y o u e v e r been (you / ever / be) to Florida?
B: Yes, we w e n t (go) there on vacation two years ago.
A:
(you / have) a good time?
B: Yes, i t
(be) great.
2. A: W hat does your friend do?
B: She’s a painter. S h e
(win) many prizes for her paintings.
A:
(you / see) any of her paintings?
B: Yes, I
(see) some o f her work last week.
3. Rose works in a factory, but s h e
(have) a lot o f different jobs.
Five years ago s h e ________________________ (be) a waitress in a restaurant. After that, she
_______________________ (work) on a ranch, but s h e ________________________
(not / enjoy) it very much.
4. A: Do you know M artin’s sister?
B: I ________________________ (see) her a few times, but I _______________________
(never / speak) to h e r.________________________ (you / ever / speak) to her?
A: Yes. I ________________________ (meet) her at a party last week. She’s very nice.
- -dditional exercises 19-23, 29-31 (pages 252-254, 257-259)
U N I T
22
is done
was done (passive 1)
The office is clean ed every day.
The office was cleaned yesterday.
Com pare active and passive:
Somebody cleans the office every day.
(active)
The office is cleaned every day.
(passive)
Somebody cleaned the office yesterday, (active)
The office was cleaned yesterday.
(passive)
The passive is:
past participle
simple present
simple past
a m /is/a r e
w a s/w ere
(not)
+
cleaned
invented
injured
d on e
b u ilt
taken, etc.
T he past participle of regular verbs is -ed (cleaned/dam aged, etc.).
For a list o f irregular past participles (d o n e/b u ilt/ta k en , etc.), see Appendixes 2 -3 .
■
■
■
■
■
B utter is m ade from milk.
Oranges are im p o rted into Canada.
H ow often are these rooms cleaned?
I am never in vited to parties.
■
■
■
■
■
This house was b u ilt 100 years ago.
These houses w ere b u ilt 100 years ago.
W hen was the telephone invented?
We w eren ’t in vited to the party last week.
“Was anybody injured in the accident?”
“Yes, two people w ere taken to the hospital.”
W as/w ere born
■ I was born in Colom bia in 1989. (not I am born)
M “W here w ere you born?” “In Cairo.”
Passive + by
■ The telephone was invented by A lexan d er G raham B ell in 1876.
(= Alexander Graham Bell invented it)
■ I was bitten by a d o g a few days ago.
■ Do you like these paintings? They were painted by a friend o f m in e.
is being done / has been done —►Unit 23
active and passive —►Appendix 1
irregular verbs —►Unit 25, Appendixes 2-3
by —►Unit 112
U N I
Exercises
22.1 Write sentences from these words. Some of the sentences are questions.
Sentences 1-7 are present.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
(the office / clean / every day)
The o ffic e is cle a n e d e v e ry day.________
(these rooms / clean / every day?) A r e these room s cle a n e d e v e ry d ay?
(glass / make / from sand) G lass________________________________________
(stamps / sell / in a post o ffice)_________________________________________
(this w ord / not / use / very o fte n )_____________________________________
(we / allow / to park h e re ? )____________________________________________
(how / this word / pro n o u n ce?)________________________________________
Sentences 8-15 are past.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
(the office / clean / yesterday)
The o ffic e w as cle a n e d yesterday.______
(the house / paint / last m onth) The h o u s e ______________________________
(my phone / steal / a few days a g o )_____________________________________
(three people / injure / in the accid en t)
A
___________________________
(when / this bridge / b u ild ?)___________________________________________
(I / not / wake up / by the n o ise )_______________________________________
(how / these windows / break ?)________________________________________
(you / invite / to Jo n ’s party last w e ek ?)_________________________________
22.2 These sentences are not correct. Correct them.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
(Th is house built)100 years ago.
This house w as built 100 y e a rs ago.
Soccer plays in m ost countries o f the w o rld ._________________________
W hy did the letter send to the wrong address?_______________________
A garage is a place w here cars repair.________________________________
W here are you born? .
How many languages are speaking in S w itzerland?_
Somebody broke into our house, but nothing sto len ..
W hen was invented the bicycle?__________________
22.3 Complete the sentences. Use the passive (present or past) of these verbs:
clean
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
d am age
fin d
g ive
in v ite
m ak e
m ak e
sh ow
steal
take
The room is cle a n e d every day.
I saw an accident yesterday. Tw o people
w e r e taken to the hospital.
P a p e r__________________________ from wood.
There was a fire at the hotel last week. Tw o of the ro o m s ________________________ .
“W here did you get this picture?” “I t _____________________ to me by a friend of m ine.”
Many British p ro g ram s________________________ on Am erican television.
“Did Jim and Sue go to the wedding?” “No. T h e y _________________, but they didn’t go.”
“H ow old is this movie?” “I t ________________________ in 1965.”
day i t ___________________
My c a r ____________________ last week, but the next
by the police.
22.4 Where were they born?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(M akoto / Tokyo)
(Isabel / Sao Paulo)
(her parents / Rio de Janeiro)
(you / ???)
(your m other / ???)
/H akoto w a s h orn in___________ Tokyo._____________________
Isab el__________________________________________________
H e r ___________________________________________________
I ______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
U N I T
23
has been done (passive 2)
is being done
Is/are b ein g . . . (present continuous passive)
Somebody is p a in tin g the door . (active)
The door is b ein g painted.
(passive)
■ My car is at the garage. It is b ein g repaired. (— somebody is repairing it)
■ Some new houses are b ein g b u ilt across from the park. (= somebody is
building them )
Com pare the present continuous and simple present:
■ The office is b ein g cleaned right now. (present continuous)
The office is cleaned every day. (simple present)
■ In the U nited States, football games are usually played on weekends, but no big
games are b ein g played next weekend.
For the present continuous and simple present, see Units 8 and 26.
H as/h ave been . . . (present perfect passive)
now
before
Somebody has painted the door . (active)
TZ
T zr
The door has been painted.
{=
U
=3
■
■
■
■
W ll
PAINT
My key has b een stolen. (= somebody has stolen it)
My keys have been stolen. (= som ebody has stolen them )
I’m not going to the party. I h aven’t been invited. (= nobody has invited me)
Has this shirt been washed? (= has somebody washed it?)
Com pare the present perfect and simple past:
■ The room isn’t dirty any more. It has been cleaned, (present perfect)
The room was cleaned yesterday, (simple past)
■ I can’t find my keys. I think they’ve been stolen, (present perfect)
My keys w ere stolen last week, (simple past)
For the present perfect and simple past, see Units 19-21.
is done / was done —►Unit 22
active and passive —►Appendix 1
(passive)
U N I
Exercises
23.1 What's happening?
1. The car /s being repaired.___________
2. A b rid g e _____________________________
23.2
3. The windows
4. The grass___
Look at the pictures. What is happening or what has happened? Use the present
continuous (is/are being . . . ) or the present perfect (has/have been . . .).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
(the office / clean)
The o ffice is being cleaned. __________________
(the shirts / iron)
The s h irts have been ironed.__________________
(the window / break) The w in d o w ________________________________
(the ro o f / repair) The ro o f_______________________________________
(the car / dam age)_______________________________________________
(the houses / tear / d o w n )________________________________________
(the trees / cut / d o w n )__________________________________________
(they / invite / to a p a rty )________________________________________
23.3 Complete the sentences. (Study Unit 22 before you do this exercise.)
I can’t use mv office right now. It is heinci p a in te d (paint).
We didn’t go to the partv. W e w e r e n 't in v ite d (not / invite).
The washinv m achine was broken, hut it’s O K now. It
(repair).
(repair) yesterday afternoon.
The washing machine
A factory is a place where things
(make).
H ow old are these houses? W hen
(they / build)?
(the
com
puter
/
use) at the m om ent?
A:
B: Yes, Steve is using it.
8. I’ve never seen these flowers before. W hat
(thev / call)?
9. My sunglasses
(steal) at the beach yesterday.
10. The bridge is closed. It
(damage) last week, and it
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
(not / repair) yet.
- -dditional exercises 24-27 (pages 255-256)
U N I T
be/have/do in present and past tenses
B e (= a m /is/a r e /w a s/w e r e ) + -in g (clea n in g /w o rk in g , etc.)
a m /is /a r e + -in g
(present continuous)
—►Units 3 -4 and 26
■ Please be quiet. P m w o rk in g .
It isn ’t rain in g right now.
W hat are you d o in g tonight?
w a s/w ere + -in g
(past continuous)
I was w o rk in g w hen she arrived.
It w asn ’t raining, so we didn’t need an umbrella.
W hat w ere you d o in g at 3:00?
-► U nit 13
B e + past participle (c lea n ed /m a d e/ea ten , etc.)
a m /is /a r e + past participle
(simple present passive)
I’m never in vited to parties.
B utter is m ad e from milk.
These offices aren’t cleaned every day.
-+ U nit 22
w a s/w ere + past participle
(simple past passive)
The office was cleaned yesterday.
These houses w ere b u ilt 100 years ago.
H ow was the w indow broken?
W here w ere you born?
-+ U nit 22
H ave/h as 4- past participle (c le a n e d /lo st/e a te n /b e e n , etc.)
have/has + past participle
(present perfect)
Units 16-17, 19-21
■
■
■
■
I’ve lived in this house for 10 years.
Tom has never rid den a horse.
Kate hasn’t been to South America.
W here have Paul and Nicole gone?
D o /d o e s /d id + baseform (c le a n /lik e /e a t/g o , etc.)
d o /d o e s + baseform
(simple present negative and
questions)
—►U nits 6 -7
did + baseform
(simple past negative and
questions)
-► U nit 12
48
irregular verbs —►Unit 25, Appendixes 2-3
■ I like coffee, but I d o n ’t lik e tea.
Chris d o esn ’t go out very often.
W hat do you usually do on weekends?
D oes Silvia live alone?
I d id n ’t w atch TV yesterday.
It d id n ’t rain last week.
W hat tim e d id Paul and Nicole go out?
U N I T
Exercises
24.1 Write is/are or do/does.
1.
V o . you w ork at night?
2. W here ctne they going?
3. W h y ______ you looking at me?
4.
Bill live near you?
5.
you like to cook?
6.________ the sun shining?
7. W hat tim e
the stores close?
8._______ M aria working today?
9._W h a t______ this word mean?
10._______ you feeling all right?
24.2 Write am not/isn't/aren't or don't/doesn't. All these sentences are negative.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Tom doesn t w ork at night.
I’m very tired. I _______________ w ant to go out tonight.
I’m very tired. I _______________ going out tonight.
G a ry ______________ working this week. H e’s on vacation.
My parents are usually at hom e. T h e y _______________ go out very often.
Nicole has traveled a lot, but s h e ___________ * speak any foreign languages.
You can tu rn off the television. I _______________watching it.
Liz has invited us to her party next week, but w e _______________ going-
24.3 Write was/were/did/have/has.
1. W here w e r e your shoes made?_____________6. W h a t ti m e _________ she go?
7. W h e n _____________ these houses built?
2. _____________ you go out last night?
3. W h a t ____________ you doing at 10:30?
8.
Steve arrived yet?
4. W h e r e ____________ your m other born?
9. W h y _____________ you go hom e early?
5.______________ B arbara gone home?
10.______ H ow lo n g ________they been m arried?
24.4 Write is/are/was/were/have/has.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
24.5
Joe h as lost his passport.
This b rid g e ________ built 10 years ago.
you finished your w ork yet?
This tow n is always clean. The stree ts________ cleaned every day.
W h e re _________ you born?
I _________ju st made some coffee. W ould you like some?
G lass
made from sand.
This is a very old photograph. I t _________taken a long tim e ago.
D a v id _________ bought a new car.
Complete the sentences. Choose fromthe box and put the verb into the correct form.
d am age
listen
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
rain
use
enjoy
op en
“gogo
p ron ou n ce
u nderstand
eat
I’m going to take an um brella w ith me. It’s
raining .
W hy are you so tired? Did you g o to bed late last night?
W here are the chocolates? Have y o u _________________ all o f them?
H ow is your new job? Are y o u __________________ it?
My car was b a d ly
in the accident, but I was OK.
Chris has a car, but she doesn’t
it very often.
M ary isn’t at hom e. She h a s
away for a few days.
I don’t __________________ the problem . Can you explain it again?
M artin is in his room . H e’s _________________ to music.
I don’t know how to say this word. H ow is i t __________________ ?
H ow do y o u
this window? Can you show me?
U N I T
Regular and irregular verbs
Regular verbs
The simple past and past participle of regular verbs is -ed:
clean —►cleaned live —►lived paint —►painted study —►studied
Simple past (—►U nit 11)
■ I cleaned my room yesterday.
■ Charlie studied engineering in college.
Past participle
h ave/has + past participle (present perfect —►Units 16-17, 19-21):
■ I have cleaned my room.
■ Tina has lived in M iami for 10 years.
be (is/a re/w e re/h a s been, etc.) + past participle (passive —►Units 22-23):
■ These rooms are cleaned every day.
■ My car has been repaired.
Irregular verbs
The simple past and past participle o f irregular verbs do not end in -ed:
simple past
past participle
make
break
( ut
m ad e
m ad e
broke
broken
cut
cut
Sometimes the simple past and past participle are the same. For example:
simple past
past participle
make
find
buy
cut
m ade
fou n d
bought
cut
■ I m ad e a cake yesterday, (simple past)
■ I have m ade some coffee, (past participle - present perfect)
■ B utter is m ad e from milk, (past participle - present passive)
Sometimes the simple past and past participle are different. For example:
simple past
past participle
break
know
begin
g°
broke
broken
k new
k now n
began
b egu n
w ent
gon e
■ Somebody broke this w indow last night, (simple past)
■ Somebody has b roken this window, (past participle - present perfect)
■ This w indow was broken last night, (past participle - past passive)
irregular verbs —►Appendixes 2-3
spelling (regular verbs) —►Appendix 5
U N I
Exercises
25.1 Write the
participle
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
make
cut
say
bring
pay
m ade______
cut
_____________
_____________
_____________
6. enjoy
7. buy
8.
sit
9.
leave
10.
happen
_________
_________
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
hear
put
catch
watch
understand
25.2 Write
Write the
the simple past and past participle of these verbs.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
break
begin
eat
drink
drive
speak
w rite
b ro ke______
broken
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
come
know
take
g°
give
throw
get
25.3 Put the verb in the right form.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
I w a sh e d my hands because they were dirty, (wash)
Somebody has broken
this window, (break)
I feel good. I _______________very well last night, (sleep)
W e _______________ a really good movie yesterday, (see)
It
a lot while we were on vacation, (rain)
I’v e _______________ my bag. (lose) Have y o u _______________ it? (see)
Rosa’s bicycle w a s _______________ last week, (steal)
I _______________ to bed early because I was tired, (go)
Have y o u _______________ your w ork yet? (finish)
The shopping mall w a s _______________about 20 years ago. (build)
A n n a _______________ to drive w hen she was 16. (learn)
I’ve n e v e r_______
a horse, (ride)
Julia is a good friend o f mine. I’v e
her for a long time, (know)
Yesterday
I _________ a n d ________________ my leg.
(fall / hurt)
My b ro th e r_______________in the Boston M arathon last year. Have you ever
_______________ in a m arathon? (run / run)
25.4 Complete the sentences. Choose from the box
cost
speak
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
d rive
sw im
f ly
te ll
m ak e
th in k
and
m e et
w ak e up
put the verb into the correct form.
sell
w in
I have made some coffee. W ould you like some?
Have y o u _______________J° h n about your new job?
We played basketball on Sunday. We didn’t play very well, but w e _____________ the game.
I know Gary, but I’ve n e v e r
his wife.
We w e re
by loud music in the m iddle o f the night.
Stephanie ju m p ed into the river a n d
to the other side.
“Did you like the movie?” “Yes, I ______________ it was very good.”
Many different languages a r e _______________ in the Philippines.
O ur v acatio n _______________a lot o f m oney because we stayed in an expensive hotel.
Have you e v e r
a very fast car?
All the tickets for the concert w e re _______________very quickly.
A b ir d _______________ in through the open window while we were having our dinner.
U N I T
26
What are you doing tomorrow?
today is Sunday
We use a m /is /a r e + -in g (present continuous) for som ething happening now:
■ “W here are Sue and Amanda?” “T hey’re p layin g tennis in the park.”
■ Please be quiet. I’m w orkin g.
W e also use a m /is /a r e + -in g for the future (tom orrow / next week, etc.):
■ Andrew is p layin g tennis tomorrow.
■ I’m not w o rk in g next week.
I am d o in g so m eth in g to m o rro w = I have arranged to do it,
I have a plan to do it:
I'm going to a
concert tomorrow.
■ Sophie is g o in g to the dentist on Friday.
(= she has an appointm ent w ith the dentist)
■ W e’re h aving a party next weekend.
■ Are you m e etin g your friends tonight?
■ W hat are you d o in g tom orrow night?
■ I’m not g o in g out tonight. I’m staying at home.
You can also say, “I’m g o in g to do som ething.” (-► U nit 27).
Be careful! Do not use the simple present (I stay / do you go, etc.) to say w hat somebody has
arranged to do:
■ I’m staying at hom e this evening. (not I stay)
■ Are you g o in g out tonight? (not Do you go)
■ Lisa isn ’t c o m in g to the party next week. (not Lisa doesn’t come)
B ut we use the simple present for schedules (buses, movies, classes, etc.):
■ The plane arrives in N ew York at 7:30 tom orrow m orning.
■ W hat tim e does the movie end tonight?
Compare:
Present continuous (usually for people)
I’m g o in g to a concert tomorrow.
W hat time are you leaving?
52
present continuous —►Units 3-4
Simple present (for schedules)
The concert starts at 7:30.
W hat tim e does your plane leave?
simple present —►Units 5-7
I'm going to .
—►Unit 27
U N I
Exercises
26.1
Look at the pictures. What are these people doing next Friday?
Richard
1.
2
.
Karen
Tom and Sue
A n d r e w is p layin g tennis on Friday.
R ich ard ____________________ to the movies.
3. R ach e l___________________________________
4.
lunch w ith Ken.
5.
26.2 Write questions. All the sentences are future.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(you / go / out / tonight?)
(you / w ork / next week?)
(what / you / do / tom orrow night?)
(what tim e / your friends / come?)
(when / Liz / go / on vacation?)
A r e you going out tonight?
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
26.3 Write sentences about yourself. What are you doing in the next few days?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I'm staying a t hom e tonight.__________________________________________
! m going to the th e a te r on M onday. _________________________________
6.
26.4 Put the verb in the present continuous (he is leaving, etc.) or simple present (the
train leaves, etc.).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
10.
(you / go) out tonight?” “No, I’m too tired.”
W e're going
(we / go) to a concert tonight. It s ta r ts (it / start) at 7:30.
Listen to this!
(Karen / get) m arried next m onth!
A: My p a re n ts__________
_ (go) on vacation next week.
B: O h, that’s nice. W here .
____________(they / go) ?
Silvia is taking an English course this semester. The course .
(end) on Friday.
T here’s a party tom orrow night, b u t ____________________
(I / not / go).
(I / go) out w ith some friends tonight. W hy don’t you
come, too? .
(we / m eet) at Jo h n ’s house at 8:00.
A: H o w __
(you / get) hom e after the party tom orrow? By taxi?
B: No, I can go by bus. The last b u s _______
_____________________________(leave) at m idnight.
A: Do you w ant to go to the movies tonight?
B: Yes, w hat tim e ________________________
(the movie / begin)?
A: W h a t__________________________
(you / do) tom orrow afternoon?
B: _______________________________(I / work).
A r e you going
U N I T
I'm going to . . .
P m g o in g to do som ething
I'm going to watch TV tonight.
morning
She is g o in g to w atch TV tonight.
We use a m /is/a r e g o in g to . . . for the future
I am
h e /s h e /it is
w e /y o u /th ey are
(not) g o in g to
am I
is h e /s h e /it
are w e /y o u /th ey
g o in g to
do . . .
drink . . .
watch . . .
buy . . . ?
e a t. . . ?
wear . . . ?
I am g o in g to do so m eth in g = I have decided to do it, my intention is to do it:
I decided to do i t
►
P m g o in g to do it
|____________________________________________________________________
past
■
■
■
■
■
■
now
P m g o in g to buy some books tomorrow.
Sarah is g o in g to sell her car.
Pm n ot g o in g to have breakfast this m orning. I’m not hungry.
W hat are you g o in g to wear to the wedding next week?
“Your hands are dirty.” “Yes, I know. P m g o in g to wash them .”
Are you g o in g to in vite M artin to your party?
We also use the present continuous (I am doing) for the future, usually for
arrangem ents (—►U nit 26):
■ I am p layin g tennis w ith Julia tomorrow.
Something is g o in g to happen
Something is g o in g to happen = we can see
now that it is sure to happen:
■ Look at the sky! It’s g o in g to rain,
(black clouds now —►rain)
■ O h, no! It’s 9:00 and I’m not ready.
P m g o in g to be late.
(9:00 now and not ready —►late)
present for the future —►Unit 26
will —►Units 28-29
future
Exercises
27.1 What are these people saying?
/ m g oing h
w a tch TV.
27.2 Complete the sentences. Use going to + these verbs:
do
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
eat
g ive
lie d ow n
stay w alk
w ash
w atch
w ear
My hands are dirty.
I'm g oing to w a sh
them .
W hat a r e y o u going to w e a r to the party tonight?
It’s a nice day. I don’t w ant to take the bus. I ___________________________________ .
Steve is going to San Diego next week. H e __________________________ w ith some friends.
I’m hungry. I ___________________________________ this sandwich.
It’s Sharon’s birthday
next week. W e ______________________________ her a present.
Sue says she’s feeling____ very tired. S h e ______________________________ for an hour.
The president’s speech is on television to n ig h t._______ y o u __________________________ it?
W h a t____________________R ach e l___________________________w hen she finishes school?
27.3 Look at the pictures. What is going to happen?
<>< 3 0S 3
1.
It 's going to rain._______________________________________________
2. The s h e lf_________________________________________________________
3. The c a r __________________________________________________________
4. H e _______________________________________________________________
.4 What are you going to do today or tomorrow? Write three sentences.
1. I’m ______________________________________________________________
2.
________________________________________________________________
3.
55
will
1
Sarah goes to w ork every day. She is always
there from 8:30 until 4:30.
It is 11:00 now. Sarah is at work.
At 11:00 yesterday, she was at work.
At 11:00 tom orrow, she w ill be at work.
Sarah
w ill + baseform (w ill be / w ill w in / w ill com e, etc.):
I / w e /y o u /th ey
h e /s h e /it
w ill (’11)
w ill n ot (w on ’t)
be
w in
eat
com e, etc.
w ill
I / w e/y o u /th ey
h e /s h e /it
be?
win?
eat?
com e?, etc
’11 = w ill: I’ll (I will) / you’ll / she’ll, etc.
w o n ’t = w ill not: I w o n ’t (= I will not) / you w o n ’t / she w o n ’t, etc.
We use w ill for th e future (tom orrow / next week, etc.):
■ Sue travels a lot. Today she is in Los Angeles. Tom orrow she’ll be in Mexico City.
N ext week she’ll be in N ew York.
■ You can call me tonight. I’ll be at home.
■ Leave the old bread in the yard. The birds w ill eat it.
■ W e’ll probably go out tonight.
■ W ill you be at hom e tonight?
■
■
I w o n ’t be here tomorrow. (= I will not be here)
D o n’t drink coffee before you go to bed. You w o n ’t sleep.
We often say I th in k . . . w i l l . . . :
■ I th in k Kelly w ill pass her driver’s test.
■ I d o n ’t th in k it w ill rain this afternoon.
■ D o you th in k the test w ill be difficult?
We do not use w ill for things we have already arranged or decided to do (—►Units 26-27):
■ W e’re g o in g to the movies on Saturday. Do you w ant to come w ith us?
(not We will go)
WH I’m not w o rk in g tomorrow, (not I w on’t work)
■ Are you g o in g to take your driver’s test tom orrow? (not W ill you take)
What are you doing tomorrow? —►Unit 26
I'm going to .
- * Unit 27
will 2 ^ Unit 29
U N I
Exercises
28.1
Helen is traveling in South America. Complete the
sentences with she was, she's, or she'll be.
CARACAS
Next week
\
1. Yesterday sh e w a s in Rio de Janeiro.
2. T o m o rro w ______________ in Bogota.
3. Last w e e k
in Santiago.
4. N ext w e e k ______________ in Caracas.
5. Right n o w
in Lima.
6. Three days a g o ______________ in Buenos Aires.
7. At the end of her t r i p _______________very tired.
[
\
BOGOTA
Tomorrow
LIMA
Right now
SANTIAGO
A Last week
14
I
Helen
RIO DE JANEIRO
Yesterday
y
BUENOS AIRES
Three days ago
lr
28.2 Where will you be? Write sentences about yourself. Use:
I'll be . . . or I'll probably be . . . or I don't know where I'll be.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(at 10:00 tom orrow)
/ / / b e a t work.
or
III p ro b a b ly h e a t th e beach.
(one hour from n o w )__________________________________________________________
(at m idnight to n ig h t)__________________________________________________________
(at 3:00 tom orrow afte rn o o n )__________________________________________________
(two years from n o w )_________________________________________________________
28.3 Put in will ('II) or won't.
1. D on’t drink coffee before you goto bed. You
w o n 't sleep.
2. “Are you ready yet?” “N o t yet._I _______________be ready in five m inutes.”
3. I’m going away for a few days. I’m leaving tonight, so I _______________be at
hom e tomorrow.
4. I t ______________ rain, so you don’t need to take an umbrella.
5. A: I don’t feel very well tonight.
B: Well, go to bed early and y o u _______________feelbetter in the m orning.
6. It’s Bill’s birthday next Monday. H e _______________ be 25.
7. I’m sorry I was late this m orning. I t _______________ happen again.
28.4 Write sentences with I think . . . or / don't think . . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
(Kelly
will pass the driver’s test)
/ think K elly w ill p a ss th e d river's test.
(Kelly
w on’t pass the driver’s test)
/ do n 't think K elly w ill p a ss th e d river's test.
(we’ll w in the game)
I _____________________________________________
(I w on’t be here tom orrow)
______________________________________________
(Sue will like her present)
______________________________________________
(they w on’t get married)
______________________________________________
(you w on’t like the movie)_______ ______________________________________________
23.5 Which is right? (Study Unit 26 before you do this exercise.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
W e’ll go- / W e’re going to the theater tonight. W e’ve got tickets. (We’regoing is right)
“W hat will you do / are you doing tom orrow night?” “N othing. I’m free.”
They’ll leave / T hey’re leaving tom orrow m orning. T heir train is at 8:40.
I’m sure your aunt will lend / is lending us some money. She’s very rich.
“W hy
are you putting on your coat?” “I’ll go / I’m going out.”
Do you think Claire will call / is calling us tonight?
Steve can’t m eet us on Saturday. H e’ll w ork / H e’s w orking.
Let’s fly to M iami instead of driving. It w on’t take / isn’t taking as long.
A: W hat are your plans for the weekend?
B: Some friends will come / are coming to stay w ith us.
will
2
You can use I’l l . . . (I w ill) w hen you offer som ething or decide to do something:
■ “My suitcase is very heavy.” “I’ll carry it for you.”
■ “I’ll call you tomorrow, O K ?” “OK, bye.”
We often say I th in k I’l l . . . / I d o n ’t th in k I’l l . . . w hen we decide to do something:
■ I’m tired. I th in k I’ll go to bed early tonight.
■ It’s a nice day. I th ink I’ll sit outside.
■ It’s raining. I d o n ’t th ink I’ll go out.
Do not use the simple present (I go / 1 call, etc.) in sentences like these:
■ I’ll call you tomorrow, OK? (not I call you)
■ I think I’ll go to bed early. (not I go to bed)
Do not use I’l l . . . for som ething you decided before (—►Units 26-27):
■ I’m w o rk in g tomorrow. (not I’ll work)
■ T here’s a good program on TV tonight. I’m g o in g to w atch it. (not I’ll watch)
■ W hat are you d o in g this weekend? (not W hat will you do)
Shall I . . . ? Shall w e . . . ?
Shall I answ er the phone?
No, that's OK. I'll answ er it.
Shall I / Shall w e . . . ? = Do you think this is a good thing to do? Do you think this is a
good idea?
■ It’s very warm in this room. Shall I op en the window?
■ “Shall I call you tonight?” “O K .”
■ It’s a nice day. Shall w e go for a walk?
■ W hat shall w e have for dinner?
We use sh ould in the same way.
■ “Shou ld I call you tonight?” “O K .”
■ It’s a nice day. S hou ld w e go for a walk?
■ W hat sh ould w e have for dinner?
What are you doing tomorrow? —►Unit 26
I'm going to . . . —►Unit 27
will 1 —►Unit 28
should —►Unit 33
U N I T
Exercises
Complete the sentences. Use I'll (1 will) + these verbs:
c-arry
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
do
eat
send
sh ow
sit
stay
XT
it for you.
you a postcard.
it.
on the floor,
it now.
here,
you. ^
I'll c a r r y
Thank you.
Well, I’m hungry.
No, it’s OK.
O h no, I forgot.
No, I don’t think so.
Give it to me and
My suitcase is very heavy.
Tpjoy your vacation.
I don’t w ant this banana.
Do you w ant a chair?
Did you call Jenny?
Are you coming w ith me?
H ow do you use this camera?
Complete the sentences. Use 1 think I ' l l . . . or / don't think I ' l l . . . + these verbs:
buy
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
buy
-go-
have
play
It’s cold todav. / don t think I'll ao
I’m hungry.
I
O J
I feel very tired.
I like this hat.
This camera is too expensive.
out.
som ething to eat.
tennis.
it.
it.
29.3 Which is right?
1. T-ea-ll-/ I’ll call you tomorrow, OK? (I’ll call is right)
2. I haven’t done the shopping yet. I do / I’ll do it later.
3. I like sports. I watch / I’ll watch a lot o f sports on TV.
4. I need some exercise. I think I go / I’ll go for a walk.
5. Gerry is going to buy / will buy a new car. He told me
last week.
6. “This letter is for Rose.” “OK. I give / I’ll give / I’m going to give it to her.”
7. A: Are you doing / W ill you do anything this evening?
B: Yes, I’m going / I’ll go out w ith some friends.
8. I can’t go out w ith you tom orrow night. I w ork / I’m working / I’ll w ork.
9. I like this hat. I think I buy / I’ll buy it.
1r 4
What does Anne say to Kathy? Find the right answers.
Kathy
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
It’s very warm in this room,
This TV program isn’t very good.
Should we have a party?
It’s dark in this room.
Should I go to the store?
Shall we go out?
Shall I wait here?
Do we have any bread?
Should we get some lottery tickets?
— - : : ■-nal exercises 28-31 (pages 256-259)
Anne
a) If you want. W here should we go?
b) Yes, who shall we invite?
c) N o, shall I go and get some?
d) Shall I open the window?
e) Should I turn on the light?
f) OK, how many shall we buy?
g) Should I turn it off?
h) No, come w ith me.
i) No, it’s OK. I’ll go.
59
U N I T
10
might
Where are you going
for your vacation?
I'm not sure.
I might go
to Costa Rica.
:,
H e m ig h t go to Costa Rica.
(= it is possible that he will go to Costa Rica)
It m ig h t rain.
(= it is possible that it will rain)
m ig h t + baseform (m igh t go / m ig h t be / m ig h t rain, etc.):
be
I/w e /y o u /th e y
h e /s h e /it
m ig h t (not)
g°
play
com e, etc.
I m ig h t = it is possible that I will:
■ I m ig h t go to the movies tonight, but I’m not sure. (= it is possible that I will go)
■ A: W hen is Rebecca going to call you?
B: I don’t know. She m ig h t call this afternoon.
I Take an um brella w ith you. It m ig h t rain.
■ Buy a lottery ticket. You m ig h t be lucky. (—perhaps you will be lucky)
H “Are you going out tonight?” “I m ig h t.” (= I m ight go out)
Study the difference:
■ P m p layin g tennis tom orrow, (sure)
I m ig h t play tennis tom orrow, (possible)
M Rebecca is g o in g to call later, (sure)
Rebecca m ig h t call later, (possible)
I m ig h t n o t = it is possible that I will not:
■ I m ig h t n o t go to w ork tom orrow. (= it is possible that I will not go)
■ Sue m ig h t n o t co m e to the party. (= it is possible that she will not come)
May
You can use m ay in the same way. I m ay = I m ight:
■ I m ay go to the movies tonight. (= I m ight go)
■ Sue m ay n o t co m e to the party. (= Sue m ight not come)
May I . . . ? = Is it O K to .. . ? / Can I . . . ?:
■ May I ask a question? (= is it O K to ask / can I ask?)
■ “May I sit here?” “Sure.”
will —►Units 28-29
can —►Unit 31
U N I T
Exercises
30.1 Write sentences with m ight.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(it’s possible
(it’s possible
(it’s possible
(it’s possible
(it’s possible
that
that
that
that
that
I’ll go to the movies)
/ m ig h t go to th e m ovies._____________________
I’ll see you tom orrow) I ____________________________________________
Sarah will forget to c a ll)____________________________________________
it will snow to d ay )_________________________________________________
I’ll be late to n ig h t)_________________________________________________
Write sentences with might n o t.
6. (it’s possible that M ark will not be here next w e e k )___________________________________
7. (it’s possible that I w on’t have time to go o u t) ________________________________________
30.2 Somebody is asking you about your plans. You have some ideas, but you are not sure.
Choose from the list and write sentences with I m ight.
fish
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Italy
M onday
a n ew car
W here are you going for your vacation?
W hat are you doing this weekend?
W hen will you see Kate again?
W hat are you going to have for dinner?
H ow are you going to get hom e tonight?
I hear you w on some money. W hat are
you going to do w ith it?
take a trip
take a taxi
I’m not sure. / m ig h t go to Italy.
I don’t know. I __________________
I’m not su re .____________________
I don’t k n o w .___________________
I’m not su re .____________________
I haven’t decided y e t.____________
30.3 You ask Bill questions about his plans for tomorrow. Sometimes he is sure, but usually
he is not sure.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Are you playing tennis tom orrow?
Are you going out tom orrow evening?
Are you going to get up early?
Are you working tom orrow?
W ill you be at hom e tom orrow m orning?
Are you going to watch television?
Are you going out in the afternoon?
Are you going shopping?
Yes, in the afternoon.
Possibly.
Maybe.
No, I’m not.
Maybe.
I might.
Yes, I am.
Perhaps. I’m not sure.
Bill
Now write about Bill. Use might where necessary.
1.
He's playing tennis to m o rro w afternoon.______________________________________
2.
H e m ight go out to m o rro w evening.___________________________________________
3. H e ____________________________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________________________________
5. ________________________________________________________________________________
7. _____________________________________________
8.
__________________________________________________
33.4 Write three things that you might do tomorrow.
1.
2.
______________________________________
3.
61
U N I T
31
can and could
Could you open
the door, please?
I can play
the piano.
■■■■H i
He can play the piano,
can + baseform (can do / can play / can com e, etc.):
can
can’t (cannot)
I/w e /y o u /th e y
h e /s h e /it
I can
■
■
■
■
■
do
play
see
com e, etc.
can
I/w e /y o u /th e y
h e /s h e /it
do?
play?
see?
com e?, etc.
do som ething = I know how to do it, or it is possible for me to do it:
I can play the piano. My brother can play the piano, too.
Sarah can speak Italian, but she can’t speak Spanish.
“Can you sw im ?” “Yes, but I’m not a very good swimmer.”
“Can you change a tw enty-dollar bill?” “I’m sorry, I can’t.”
I’m having a party next week, but Paul and Rachel can’t com e.
For the past (yesterday / last w eek, etc.), we use c o u ld /c o u ld n ’t:
■ W h en I was young, I cou ld run very fast.
■ Before M aria came to the U nited States, she co u ld n ’t understand m uch English.
N ow she can understand everything.
■ I was tired last night, but I co u ld n ’t sleep.
■ I had a party last week, but Paul and Rachel c o u ld n ’t com e.
Can you . . . ?
C ou ld you . . . ?
Can I . . . ?
C ou ld I . . . ?
We use Can you . . . ? or C ou ld you . . . ? w hen we ask people to do things:
■ Can you open the door, please? or C ou ld you open the door, please?
■ Can you wait a m inute, please? or C ou ld you w a it. . . ?
We use Can I have . . . ? or C ou ld I have . . . ? to ask for something:
■ (in a store) Can I have change for a dollar, please? or C ou ld I have . . . ?
Can I . . . ? or C ou ld I . . . ? = is it O K to do something?:
■ Tom, can I borrow your umbrella? or Tom, cou ld I borrow your umbrella?
■ (on the phone) Hello, can I speak to Gary, please? or . . . cou ld I speak . . . ?
62
May I . . . ? - > U n it 30
U N I
Exercises
31.1 Ask Steve if he can do these things:
jf
You
&
10 kilometers
i.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Steve
_Y \
C an
>
you sw im ?
Can you do these things? Write sentences about yourself. Use / can or / can't.
7. I _________________________________
10. ________________________________
11.
.
9.
12
31.2 Complete these sentences. Use can or can't + one of these verbs:
-eo m e
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
fin d
hear
see
speak
I’m sorry, but we ca n 't com e to your party next Saturday.
I like this hotel room. Y o u ____________________ the m ountains from the window.
You are speaking very quietly. I ____________________ you.
Have you seen my suitcase? I ____
. it.
C atherine got the jo b because she
five languages.
31.3 Complete these sentences. Use can't or couldn't + one of these verbs:
d ecid e
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
eat
fin d
go
go
sleep
I was tired, but I cou/dn t sleep .
I wasn’t hungry yesterday. I ____________________ my dinner.
Kate doesn’t know w hat to do. S h e ____________________ .
I w anted to speak to M artin yesterday, but I ____________________him.
J a m e s ____________________ to the concert next Saturday. He has to work.
P au la
to the m eeting last week. She was sick.
31 4 What do you say in these situations? Use can or could.
must
She m u st be sick = I am sure she is sick; it is clear
that she is sick.
m u st + base form (m ust be / m u st know , etc.):
I/w e /y o u /th e y
h e /s h e /it
m u st (not)
be
k n ow
have
live, etc.
We use m u st w hen we believe that som ething is true.
■ You w orked 10 hours today. You m u st be tired.
■ My brother has w orked at your company for years. You m u st k n ow him.
■ My friends have the same zip code as you. They m u st live near you.
■ (on the telephone) This isn’t the Smiths’? I’m sorry. I m u st have the w rong number.
We use m u st n o t w hen we believe that som ething is not true.
■ The phone rang eight times and Karen didn’t answer. She m u st n ot be at home.
■ Carlos takes the bus everywhere. H e m u st n o t have a car.
■ The Silvas are always hom e on Fridays. They m u st n ot w ork then.
B
M ust has another meaning. You m u st do som ething = it is necessary
to do it.
■ You m u st be careful w ith this knife.
It’s very sharp.
■ W orkers m u st wear safety glasses
at this machine.
■ In the U nited States, you m u st be
18 to vote.
For the past (yesterday, last w eek, etc.), we
use had to . . . (not must).
’■ They were in a dangerous situation.
They had to be careful.
(not They m ust be careful.)
■ We had to wear safety glasses w hen
we visited the factory last week.
(not We m ust wear)
You m u st n ot do som ething = it is necessary
not to do it; it is the wrong thing to do.
■ Bicyclists m u st n ot ride on the sidewalk.
(= they m ust ride in the street)
■ You m u st n o t be late for school again!
64
I have to . . . —►Unit 34
U N ! T
Exercises
32.1 Complete the sentences. Use must be + these verbs:
for you
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
good
h u n g ry
in th e k itch en
tired
very happy
Silvia w orked 10 hours today. She m u st h e tir e d .
It’s evening, and you haven’t eaten anything all day. Y o u ____________________ .
It’s the m ost popular restaurant in town, so the fo o d ____________________ .
“I got the jo b .” “You did? Y o u ____________________.”
The p h o n e’s ringing. I know it’s not for me. I t ____________________.
My keys aren’t in the living room , so th e y ____________________ .
32.2 Complete the sentences. Use must + these verbs:
d rin k
have
know
lik e
w ork
1. My brother has w orked at your company for years. You m u s t k n o w him.
2. M arilyn wears som ething blue every day. S h e ____________________ the color blue.
3. The Hills have six children and three dogs. T h e y ____________________a big house.
4. Mrs. Lee bought three gallons of milk at the store. H er c h ild re n ____________________
a lot o f milk.
5. I know Mrs. Rom o has a job, but she’s always hom e during the day. She
____________________ at night.
32.3 Write must or must not.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
(on the telephone) This isn’t the Smiths’? I m u s t have the w rong number.
Carlos takes the bus everywhere. He m u s t n o t have a car.
B randon is very thin. H e
eat very much.
I never see my neighbor in the m orning. H e _______________ leave for work very early.
I always have to repeat things w hen I talk to Kelly. S h e _______________ hear very well.
Jim wears the same clothes every day. H e _______________ have m any clothes.
You have a cold and a fever? Poor thing! Y o u
feel awful.
32 4 Complete the sentences. Use must + these verbs:
he-
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
be
g et
know
take
w ear
In m ost o f the U nited States, you m u s t b e at least 16 to get a driver’s license.
For this job, y o u _______________both Spanish and German.
People in the front seat of a c a r
a seat belt.
High school students who w ant to go to college
good grades.
This highway is closed. D riv e rs_______________ another road.
A tennis p la y e r_______________very good to play professionally.
12 5 Write must, m ustn't, or had to.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
We m u stn 't forget to send Sam a birthday card.
We h a d to wear safety glasses w hen we visited the factory.
I _______________hurry or I’ll be late.
“W hy were you so late?” “I _______________ wait half an hour for the bus.”
Keep these papers in a safe place. Y o u _______________lose them .
Bicyclists_______________follow the same traffic rules as drivers.
W e _______________forget to turn off the lights w hen we leave.
I don’t usually w ork on Saturdays, but last Saturday I _______________ work.
65
should
You shouldn't watch TV so much.
sh ould + base form
(should do / sh ould watch, etc.)
I/w e /y o u /th e y
h e /s h e /it
should
sh ou ld n ’t
do
stop
g°
watch, etc.
You sh ould do som ething = it is a good thing to do; it is the right thing to do:
■ Tom doesn’t study enough. He sh ould study harder.
■ It’s a good movie. You sh ould go and see it.
■ W hen you play tennis, you should always w atch the ball.
Shou ld I/w e do something? = is it a good thing to do?
■ S hou ld I in v ite Karen to dinner?
■ S hou ld we m ak e som ething special for dinner?
You sh o u ld n ’t do som ething = it is not a good thing to do (sh ou ld n ’t = should not):
■ Tom sh o u ld n ’t go to bed so late.
■ You watch TV all the time. You sh o u ld n ’t w atch TV so much.
W e often say I th in k . . . sh ould . . . :
■ I th in k Lisa sh ould buy some new clothes.
(— I think it is a good idea.)
■ It’s late. I th in k I sh ould go hom e now.
■ A: Shall I buy this coat?
B: Yes, I th in k you should.
I d o n ’t th ink . . . sh ould
■ I d o n ’t th in k you sh ould w ork so hard.
(= I don’t think it is a good idea.)
■ I d o n ’t th in k we should go yet. It’s too early.
D o you th in k . . . sh ould . . . ?:
■ D o you th in k I sh ould buy this hat?
■ W hat time do you th in k we should go home?
S hou ld is different from have to.
■ I sh ould study tonight, but I think I’ll go to the movies.
■ I have to study tonight. I can’t go to the movies.
A nother way to say sh ould is o u g h t to:
■ I o u g h t to study tonight, but I think I’ll go to the movies. (= I should study)
■ I think Lisa o u g h t to buy some new clothes. (= Lisa should buy)
shall/should —►Unit 29
m ust—►Unit 32
have to —►Unit 34
Exercises
u N 1T J J
33.1 Complete the sentences. Use you should + these verbs:
eat
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
go
read
v isit
watefa-
w ear
W hen you play tennis y o u sh o u ld w a tc h the ball.
It’s late, and you’re very tire d ._________________________ to bed.
_________________________ plenty of fruit and vegetables.
If you have tim e ,_________________________ the Science M useum . It’s very interesting.
W hen you’re d riv in g ,
a seat belt.
It’s a very good b o o k ._________________________ it.
33.2 Write about the people in the pictures. Use He/She s h o u ld n 't. . . so . . . .
1.
S h e shouldn t w a tc h T V so much.
2. H e ___________________________________ .
3.
hard.
4._______________________________________
33.3 You are not sure what to do, so you ask a friend. Write questions with Do you think I
s h o u ld . . . ?
1. You
You
2. You
You
3. You
You
4. You
You
are in a store. You are trying on a jacket, (buy?)
ask your friend: D o y o u think / sh o u ld b u y this ja c k e t? _________________________
can’t drive, (learn?)
ask your friend: Do you th in k ___________________________________________________
don’t like your job. (get another job?)
ask your frie n d :________________________________________________________________
are going to have a party, (invite Gary?)
ask your frie n d :________________________________________________________________
33.4 Write sentences with I think . . . sh o u ld . . . and I don't think . .. should . . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
We have to get up early tom orrow, (go hom e now) / think w e sh o u ld c/o hom e now.
That coat is too big for you. (buy it) / don t think yo u should b u y it.__________________
You don’t need your car. (sell i t ) _____________________________________________________
Karen needs a change, (take a tr ip ) ___________________________________________________
Sally and Dan are too young, (get m a rrie d )___________________________________________
You’re still sick, (go to w o rk )________________________________________________________
James isn’t feeling well today, (go to the d o c to r)_______________________________________
The hotel is too expensive for us. (stay th e re )_________________________________________
33 5 What do you think? Write sentences with should.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I
I
I
I
I
think e v e r y b o d y should learn a n o th er language.__________________________________
think everybody__________________________________________________________________
th in k _____________________________________________________________________________
don’t th in k _______________________________________________________________________
think I ___________________________________________________________________________
67
U N I T
54
I have to
This is my medicine.
I have to take it
three times a day.
n
I have to do som ething = it is
necessary for me to do it; I am
obliged to do it.
I/w e /y o u /th e y
have
h e /s h e /it
has
to
to
to
to
do
w ork
go
wear, etc.
■ I’ll be late for w ork tomorrow- I have to go to the dentist.
■ Jane starts work at 7:00, so she has to get up at 6:00.
■ You have to pass a test before you can get a driver’s license.
The past (yesterday / last w eek, etc.) is had to . . . :
■ I was late for w ork yesterday. I had to go to the dentist.
■ W e had to w alk hom e last night. There were no buses.
In questions and negatives we use d o /d o e s (present) and did (past):
Present
do
does
I/w e /y o u /th e y
h e /s h e /it
have to . . . ?
I /w e /y o u /th e y
h e /s h e /it
d o n ’t
d o esn ’t
have to . . .
Past
did
I/w e /y o u /th e y
h e /s h e /it
have to . . . ?
I/w e /y o u /th e y
h e /s h e /it
d id n ’t have to . . .
■ W hat time do you have to go to the dentist tom orrow?
■ D o es Jane have to w ork on Saturdays?
■ W hy did they have to leave the party early?
I d o n ’t have to (do something) = it is not necessary to do it:
■ I’m not working tom orrow, so I d o n ’t have to get up early.
■ M ike d oesn ’t have to w ork very hard. H e’s got an easy job.
■ W e didn’t have to w ait very long for the bus - it came in a few minutes.
m u st
You can also use m u st to say it is necessary to do something.
■ You m u st pass a test before you can get a driver’s license.
■ In many countries, m en m u st do military service.
We use have to m ore often than m ust, especially in spoken English.
68
must —►Unit 32
U N I
Exercises
34.1
Complete the
h it
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
34.2
speak
Use have
take
travel
to or has to + these verbs:
w ear
My eyes are not very good. I h a v e to w e a r glasses.
At the end o f the course all the stu d en ts____________________ a test.
Sarah is studying literature. S h e ____________________a lot of books.
Alberto doesn’t understand m uch English. Y o u
very slowly to him.
Kate is not at hom e much. S h e ____________________ a lot for her job.
In tennis y o u ____________________ the ball over the net.
Complete the
answ er
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
sentences.
read
sentences.
buy
ch an ge
Use have
to or had to + these verbs:
go
w ake
take
w alk
We h a d to w alk hom e last night. There were no buses.
It’s late. I ____________________now. I’ll see you tomorrow.
I w ent to the store after work yesterday. I ____________________ some food.
This train doesn’t go all the way downtown. Y o u
at First Avenue.
We took a test yesterday. W e
six questions out of ten.
I’m going to bed. I ____________________ up early tomorrow.
Amy and her cousin can’t go out w ith us tonight. T h e y
care of
Amy’s little brother.
34 3 Complete the questions. Some are present and some are past.
____________________________________________ x T
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
I have to get up early tomorrow.
George had to wait a long time.
Liz has to go somewhere.
We had to pay a lot of money.
I have to do some work.
They had to leave early.
Paul has to go to Moscow.
W hat tim e do y o u h a v e to g e t up_____________ ?
P
How lo n g _________________________________
W h e re ________________________________________ ?
How m u c h ____________________________________ ?
W hat exactly
’
?
W h y __________________________________________ ?
W h e n _________________________________________?
34 4 Write sentences with don't/doesn't/didn't have to . . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
W hy
W hy
W hy
W hy
W hy
W hy
are you going out? You don t h a v e to g o ___________________________________ out.
is Sue waiting? S h e __________________________________________________________
did you get up early? Y o u ____________________________________________________
is Paul working so hard? H e ___________________
do you w ant to leave now? W e ________________
did they tell me som ething I already know? They .
34 5 Write some things that you (or your friends or family) have to do or had to d o .
1. (every day) / h a v e to d riv e 50 m iles to w o rk e v e r y day.______________________
(every d a y )_________
3. (yesterday)__________
4. (to m o rro w )_________
5. (last w e e k )__________
6. (when I was younger)
2
Would you like . .. ?
I'd like
W ould you lik e . . . ? = Do you w a n t. . . ?
Would yo
a nio ra
We use W ould you lik e . . . ? to offer things:
■ A: W ould you lik e some coffee?
B: No, thank you.
■ A: W ould you lik e a piece of candy?
B: Yes, thanks.
■ A: W hich w ou ld you like, tea or coffee?
B: Tea, please.
nf
We use W ould you lik e to . . . ? to invite somebody:
■ W ould you lik e to go for a walk?
■ A: W ould you lik e to have dinner w ith us on Sunday?
B: Yes, F d love to. (= I w ould love to have dinner w ith you)
■ W hat w o u ld you lik e to do tonight?
F d lik e . . . is a polite way to say “I w ant.” (Fd like = I w o u ld like)
■ I’m thirsty. Fd lik e a drink.
■ (in a tourist office) Fd lik e some inform ation about hotels, please.
■ I’m feeling tired. F d lik e to stay hom e tonight.
W ould you lik e . . . ? and D o you lik e . . . ?
W ould you lik e . . . ? / I’d lik e . . .
D o you lik e . . . ? / 1 lik e . . .
Do you like coffee?
Yes, I do.
Would you like
some now?
No, thank you
W ould you lik e some coffee? = Do you
w ant some coffee?
■ A: W ould you lik e to go to the
movies tonight?
(= do you w ant to go tonight?)
B: Yes, I’d love to.
D o you lik e coffee? = Do you think coffee
is good?
■ A: D o you lik e to go to the movies?
(in general)
B: Yes, I go to the movies a lot.
M F d lik e an orange, please.
■ I lik e oranges, (in general)
(= can I have an orange?)
■ W hat w o u ld you lik e to do next
weekend?
like to do and like -ing —►Unit 53
I would do something if .
■ W hat do you lik e to do on weekends?
— Unit 101
Exercises
35.1 What are the people in the pictures saying? Use Would you like . . . ?
: 5.2 What do you say to Sue in these situations? Use Would you like to . . . ?
1. You w ant to go to the movies tonight. Perhaps Sue will go w ith you. (go)
You say:
W ould y o u like to g o to th e m o vies tonic/ht?______________________________
2. You w ant to play tennis tom orrow. Perhaps Sue will play, too. (play)
You say:___________________________________________________________________________
3. You have an extra ticket for a concert next week. Perhaps Sue will come, (come)
You say:___________________________________________________________________________
4. It’s raining and Sue is going out. She doesn’t have an umbrella, but you have one. (borrow)
You say:___________________________________________________________________________
35.3 Which is right?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
“Do you like / W ould you like a piece o f candy?” “Yes, thanks.” (Would you like is right)
“Do you like / W ould you like bananas?” “Yes, I love them .”
“Do you like / W ould you like some ice cream?” “No, thank you.”
“W hat do you like / would you like to drink?” “A glass of water, please.”
“Do you like / W ould you like to go out for a walk?” “N o t now. Maybe later.”
I like / I’d like tomatoes, but I don’t eat them very often.
W hat tim e do you like / w ould you like to have dinner tonight?
“Do you like / W ould you like som ething to eat?” “N o, thanks. I’m not hungry.”
“Do you like / W ould you like your new job?” “Yes, I’m enjoying it.”
I’m tired. I like / I’d like to go to bed now.
“I like / I’d like a sandwich, please.” “Sure. W hat kind of sandwich?”
“W hat kind o f music do you like / would you like?” “All kinds.”
U N I T
36
I'd rath er. . .
No, thanks.
I'd rather sit
on the floor.
Ann likes to sit on the floor. She doesn’t
w ant to sit on a chair. So she says:
I’d rather sit on the floor. (= I would prefer
to sit on the floor.)
Pd rather . . . = I w ou ld rather . . .
I w o u ld rather do som ething = I would prefer to do something:
Positive
Negative
I’d rather
(I w o u ld rather)
do
stay
have
be
Pd rather n ot
(I w ou ld rather not)
Question
do
stay
have
be
w ou ld you rather
I don’t really w ant to go out. Pd rather stay home. (= I’d prefer to stay home)
“Should we go now?” “No, not yet. Pd rather w ait until later.”
I’d like to go now, but Tom w ou ld rather w ait until later.
I don’t like to be late. Pd rather be early.
I’m feeling tired. Pd rather n ot go ou t tonight. (= I’d prefer not to go out)
Sue is feeling tired. She’d rather n o t go ou t tonight.
W e’re not hungry. W e’d rather n o t eat yet.
“W ould you like to go out tonight?” “Pd rather n ot.” (= I’d rather not go out)
“W ould you rather have milk or juice?” “Juice, please.”
W hich w o u ld you rather do - go to the movies or watch a DVD at home?
We say “Pd rather do something” (not to do something):
■ Pd rather sit on the floor. (not I’d rather to sit)
■ Sue w ou ld rather not go out. (not w ould rather not to go)
B ut we say “Pd prefer to do som ething”:
■ Pd prefer to sit on the floor.
■ Sue w ou ld prefer not to go out.
You can say “Pd rather . . . than . . . ”:
■ Pd rather go out than stay home.
■ Pd rather have a dog than a cat.
■ W e’d rather go to the movies than watch a DVD at home.
■ Pd rather be at hom e right now than here.
72
do . . . ?
stay . .. ?
have . . . ?
be . . . ?
U N I T
Exercises
36.1 Look at the pictures and complete B's sentences. Use
36
ra th e r. . . .
A
B
1.
Would you like
to sit here?
No, thanks. I d r a th e r s i t
on the floor.
2.
Don't you want
to watch TV?
3.
Would you like
some tea?
4.
Should we go
out now?
until it stops raining.
35.2 Complete these questions. Use w ould you ra th e r. . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Do you w ant to go out, or w o u ld y o u r a th e r s ta y home?
Should we have dinner now, o r __________________________ later?
W ould you like a glass of juice, o r __________________________ water?
Do you w ant to go to the movies, o r __________________________ TV?
Should we call your brother tonight, or .
tom orrow m orning?
3 Complete the sentences with a verb. Sometimes you need to.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I’d rather s ta y hom e tonight. I’d prefer not to g o out.
Should we walk hom e, or w ould you ra th e r _______________ a taxi?
Do you w ant me to come w ith you, or w ould you p re fe r_______________ alone?
Mary doesn’t w ant to go to college. She’d rather .
a job.
“Can I help you w ith your suitcase?” “No, thank you. I’d ra th e r_________
. it myself.”
I’d rather n o t _______________him. I’d p re fe r
him a letter.
.4 Answer these questions about yourself. Use I ' d rather . . . than.
1. W hich w ould you prefer to be - a bus driver or an airplane pilot?
I d r a t h e r be a bus d riv e r than an airplane pilot.____________________
2. W hich w ould you prefer to be - a journalist or a school teacher?
3. W here would you prefer to live - in a big city or a small town?
4. W hich w ould you prefer to have - a small house or a big one?
5. W hich w ould you prefer to study - electronics or philosophy?
6. W hich w ould you prefer to w atch - a soccer game or a movie?
73
U N I T
1
Do this!
Don't do that!
Let's do this!
7
W e use c o m e /lo o k /g o /w a it /d o /b e , etc. w hen we tell somebody to do something:
■ “C o m e here and lo o k at this.” “W hat is it?”
■ I don’t w ant to talk to you. G o away!
■ I’m not ready yet. Please w ait for me.
■ Please be quiet. I’m working.
also
■ Bye! Have a good trip! / H ave a nice time! / H ave a good flight! / H ave fun!
(= I hope you have a good trip, etc.)
■ “H ave some candy.” “Oh, thanks.”
(= would you like some candy?)
We use d o n ’t . . . w hen we tell somebody not to do something:
■ Be careful! D o n ’t fall.
■ Please d o n ’t go. Stay here w ith me.
■ Be here on time. D o n ’t be late.
You can say L et’s . . . w hen you w ant people to do things w ith you. (let’s = let us)
■ It’s a nice day. L et’s go out.
(= you and I can go out)
■ Com e on! L et’s dance.
(= you and I can dance)
■ Are you ready? L et’s go.
■ L et’s have fish for dinner tonight.
■ A: Should we go out tonight?
B: No, I’m tired. L et’s stay home.
The negative is L et’s n o t . . . :
■ It’s cold. L et’s n ot go out. Let’s stay home.
■ L et’s n ot have fish for dinner tonight. Let’s have chicken.
I’m tired o f arguing. L et’s n ot do it any more.
Exercises
u r
37.1 Look at the pictures. What are the people saying? Some sentences are positive
(buy!come, etc.) and some are negative (don't buy / don't come, etc.). Use
these verbs:
be
buy
co m e
d r in k
drop
forget
have
sit
sleep
sm ile
37.2 Complete the sentences. Use let's with:
go for a sw im
go to a restaurant
take th e bus
w a it a little
w atch T V
S L __________
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Would you like to play tennis?
Do you want to walk home?
Shall I put a CD on?
Should we have dinner at home?
Would you like to go now?
v
No,
No,
No,
No,
No,
let's go fo r a sw im ______________________
3 7 3 Answer with No, d o n 't . . . or No, let's
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Shall I wait for you?
Should we go home now?
Shall we go out?
Do you want me to close the window?
Should I call you tonight?
Do you think we should wait for Andy?
Do you want me to turn on the light?
Should we take a taxi?
___________________________
No, don t w a it fo r me.________
No, l e t s n ot go hom e yet. _____
there is
there are
T here’s a m an on the roof.
T here’s a train at 10:30.
There are seven days in a week.
Singular
there is . . .
is there . . . ?
there is n o t . . .
,JM L
fm m
(there’s)
(there isn ’t
or th ere’s not)
T here’s a big tree in the yard.
T here’s nothing on TV tonight.
A: Do you have any money?
B: Yes, th ere’s some in my wallet.
A: Excuse me, is there a hotel near here?
B: Yes, there is. / No, there isn ’t.
We can’t go skiing. There isn ’t any snow.
Plural
there are . . .
are there . . . ?
there are n o t . . .
(there aren’t)
I
M llM
There are some big trees in the yard.
There are a lot o f accidents on this road.
A: Are there any restaurants near here?
B: Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.
This restaurant is very quiet. T here aren’t
many people here.
H ow many players are there on a soccer team?
There are 11 players on a soccer team.
There is and it is
there is
it is
T here’s a book on the table.
(not It’s a book on the table.)
I like this book . It’s interesting,
(it = this book)
Compare:
■ “W hat’s that noise?” “It’s a train.” (it = that noise)
T here’s a train at 10:30. It’s a fast train. (It = the 10:30 train)
■
T here’s a lot o f salt in this soup.
I don’t like this soup. It’s too salty, (it = this soup)
there was / were / has been, etc. —►Unit 39
it and there —►Unit 40
some and any —►Unit 77
U N I
Exercises
j 3.1 Springfield is a small town. Look at the information in the box and write sentences
about Springfield with There is/are or There isn't/aren't.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
a golf course?
any restaurants?
a hospital?
a swim m ing pool?
any movie theaters?
a university?
any big hotels?
No
Yes (a lot)
Yes
No
Yes (two)
No
No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
There is n 't a g o lf course.
There a re a lo t o f restau ran ts.
.2 Write sentences about your town (or a town that you know). Use There is/are or
There isn't/aren't.
1.
There a re a fe w restau ran ts.___________________________
2.
There s a b ig p ark.
3.
4.
5.
6.
33 3 Write there is / there isn't / is there or there are / there aren't / are there.
1. Springfield isn’t an old town.
There a re n t
any old buildings.
2. L o o k !____________________ a photograph o f your brother in the newspaper!
3. “Excuse m e ,____________________ a bank near here?” “Yes, at the end o f the block.”
. five people in my family: my parents, my two sisters, and me.
4.
5. ‘H ow many students .____________________ in the class?” “Tw enty.”
________________ m uch traffic.
6. The road is usually very q u ie t..
_ a bus from dow ntow n to the airport?” “Yes, every 20 m inutes.”
_ any problem s?” “N o, everything is O K .”
9.
. now here to sit d o w n .____________________ any chairs.
: =4 Write sentences with There are . . . . Choose from the boxes.
five
seven
eigh t
tw enty-six
th irty
fifty
letters days
players days
planets states
S eptem ber
the U n ited States
a basketball team
the solar system
a w eek
the E nglish alphabet
1.
There a re s e v e n d a ys in a week._________________________________________________
2.
3. ___________________________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________________________________
6 . ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
33 5 Write there's / is there or it's / is it.
1. “
There's
a flight at 10:30.”
“
Is i t
a nonstop flight?”
too expensive.
som ething in my eye.”
“W h at’s wrong?” “_________
. yours <
. a red car outside your h o u se ..
____________anything good on TV tonight?” “Y es,.
“W hat’s that building?” “_____________ a school.”
. a restaurant in this hotel?” “No, I’m afraid not.”
2 . I’m not going to buy this sh irt..
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
a movie at 8:00.”
there was/were
there will be
there has/have been
T here was / there w ere (past)
T here is a train every hour.
The time now is 11:15.
T here was a train at 11:00.
Com pare:
there w as/w ere (past)
■ T here was a good nature program on
TV last night.
■ W e stayed at a very big hotel.
T here w ere 1,250 rooms.
■ Were there any phone messages for
me yesterday?
■ I was hungry w hen I got home, but
there w asn ’t anything to eat.
there is/a re (present)
■ T here is a good nature program on
TV tonight.
■ We are staying at a very big hotel.
T here are 1,250 rooms.
■ Are there any phone messages for me
this m orning?
■ I’m hungry, but there isn ’t anything
to eat.
T here has been / there have been (present perfect)
■ Look! T here’s been an accident.
(there’s been = there has been)
■ This road is very dangerous. T here have
b een many accidents on it.
Com pare there was (past):
■ T here was an accident last night.
(not There has been an accident last night.)
For simple past and present perfect, see U nit 21.
T here w ill be
Do you think there w ill be a lot o f people
at the party on Saturday?
The m anager of the company is leaving, so
there w ill be a new m anager soon.
I’m going out o f town tom orrow. I’m
packing my things today because there
w o n ’t be tim e tomorrow.
(there w o n ’t be = there w ill n ot be)
was/were —►Unit 10
has/have been —►Units 16-17
there and it —►Units 38, 40
some and any —►Unit 77
will
Unit 28
there is/are -► Unit 38
U N I
Exercises
1 Look at the two pictures. Now the room is empty, but what was in the room
last week? Choose from the box and write sentences with There was . . . or
There were . . . .
an arm ch air
som e b ooks
a carpet
-a-etoek-
som e flo w e rs
th ree p ictu res
a sofa
a sm a ll table
list week
L
There w a s a d o c k
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
. on the wall near the window.
. on the floor.
. on the wall near the door.
. in the m iddle o f the room.
. on the table.
. on the shelves.
. in the corner near the door.
opposite the armchair.
Write there was / there wasn't / was there or there were / there w eren't /
were there.
1. I was hungry, but th e re w a s n ’t anything to eat.
2.
W ere th e re
any phone messages for me yesterday?
3. I opened the envelope, but it was em p ty .____________________ nothing in it.
4. “We stayed at a very nice hotel.” “R eally?____________________ a swim m ing pool?”
5. “D id you buy any cherries?” “N o ,____________________ any at the store.”
6. The wallet was em p ty .____________________any m oney in it.
7. “____________________ many people at the m eeting?” “No, very few.”
8. We didn’t visit the m u se u m .____________________ enough time.
9. I’m sorry I’m la te ..
. a lot o f traffic.
10. T w enty years ago _
. many tourists here. N ow there are a lot.
3r 3 Write there + is / are / was / were / has been / have been / will be.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
a good program on TV last night.
___________________ 24 hours in a day.
___________________ a party at w ork last Friday, but I didn’t go.
W here can I buy a newspaper?” “________________ a drugstore at the end o f the block.”
W hy are the police outside the bank?” “____________________ a robbery.”
W hen we got to the theater,
. a long line outside,
somebody at the airport to m eet you.
W hen you arrive to m o rro w ,.
Ten years a g o ___
500 children in the school. N ow
. m ore than a thousand.
Last week I w ent back to the tow n w here I was born. It’s very different now.
____________________ a lot of changes.
I think everything will be OK. I don’t th in k ____________________ any problems.
There w a s
We use it for tim e/day/distance/w eather:
time
W hat time is it?
I t ’s half past 10.
m I t ’s late.
■ I t ’s tim e to go home.
W hat day is it?
It’s Thursday.
It’s M arch 16th.
It was my birthday yesterday.
■
■
■
■
I t ’s two miles from our house to downtown.
H ow far is it from N ew York to Los Angeles?
I t ’s a long way from here to the airport.
W e can walk hom e. It isn’t far.
We use far in questions (is it far?) and negatives (it isn ’t far).
In positive sentences, we use a lo n g w ay (it’s a lo n g way).
■ It’s raining. It isn’t raining. Is it snowing?
■ It rains a lot here. It didn’t rain yesterday.
Does it snow very often?
II I t ’s w a rm /h o t/c o ld /n ic e /c lo u d y /w in d y /su n n y /c le a r/
dry/hum id/foggy/dark, etc.
■ I t ’s a nice day today.
C om pare it and there:
■ It rains a lot in the winter.
It’s very rainy in the winter.
T here is a lo t o f rain in the winter.
■ It was very w in d y yesterday.
T here was a strong w in d yesterday.
It’s nice to . . . , etc.
It’s
easy / difficult / impossible / dangerous / safe
expensive / interesting / nice / wonderful / terrible, etc.
to
■ It’s nice to see you again.
■ It’s impossible to understand her.
■ It wasn’t easy to fin d your house.
D o n ’t forget it:
■ I t ’s raining again, (not Is raining again)
■ Is it true that you’re m oving to Dallas? (not Is true t h a t . • )
there is -► Units 38-39
U N I
Exercises
-0.1 Write about the weather in the pictures. Use It's .
Write it is (it's) or is it.
1. W hat tim e /s it ?
We have to go now.
. very late.
3.
true that Bill can fly a helicopter?
4. “W hat d a y .
. Wednesday.”
today? Tuesday?” “N o ,.
5. __________10 kilom eters from dow ntow n to the airport.
6 . __________O K to call you at the office?
7. “Do you w ant to walk to the hotel?” “I don’t know. H ow far .
__________ Lisa’s birthday today. She’s 27.
9. I don’t believe it ! __________ impossible.
2
m3
.
Write questions with How far . .. ?
1.
2.
3.
4.
(here / the station)
(the hotel / the beach)
(N ew York / W ashington)
(your house / the airport)
H o w fa r is it from h e re to the sta tio n ?
H ow
Write it or there.
1. The w eather isn’t so nice today. i t ’s cloudy.
There was a strong w ind yesterday.
_______ ’s hot in this room. O pen a window.
. was a nice day yesterday.
. was warm and sunny.
__________was a storm last night. Did you hear it?
I was afraid b ecau se__________ was very dark.
__________’s often cold here, b u t ___________ isn’t m uch rain.
__________’s a long way from here to the nearest gas station.
-I 5 Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes.
it’s
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
easy
d ifficu lt
im p o ssib le
dangerous
n ice
interestin g
to
w ork in this office
visit d ifferen t places
see you again
-get up-early
go ou t alone
m ake friends
If you go to bed late, it's difficult to c/et up e a rly in the m orning.
Hello, J a n e .
. H ow are you?
____________________________________. There is too m uch noise.
Everybody is very nice at work.
I like traveling..
at night.
Some cities are not safe.
I am, I don't, etc.
She isn’t tired, but he is.
(he is = he is tired)
He likes tea, but she d o esn ’t.
(she d oesn ’t = she doesn’t like tea)
In these examples, it is not necessary to repeat some words (“he is tired” “she doesn’t like tea”).
You can use these verbs in the same way:
a m /is /a r e
w a s/w ere
have/has
d o /d o e s /d id
can
w ill
m ig h t
sh ould
■ I haven’t seen the movie, but my sister has. (= my sister has seen the movieji
■ A: Please help me.
B: I’m sorry. I can’t. (= I can’t help you)
■ A: Are you tired?
B: I was, but I’m n o t now. (— I was tired, but I’m not tired now)
■ A: Do you think Jane will call tonight?'
B: She m igh t. (= she m ight call)
■ A: Are you going to study tonight?
B: I should, but I probably w o n ’t. (= I should study, but
I probably w on’t study)
You cannot use ’m / ’s / ’ve, etc. (shortforms) in this way.You m ust use a m /is/h a v e , etc.:
■ She isn’t tired, but he is. (n o t. . . but he’s)
But you can use isn ’t / haven’t / w o n ’t, etc. (negative short forms):
■ My sister has seen the movie, but I haven’t.
■ “Are you and Jane working tom orrow ?” “Iam,but Jane isn ’t.”
You can use I am / I’m not, etc. after
■ “Are you tired?” “Yes, I am. /
■ “W ill Bill be here tom orrow ?”
■ “Is there a bus to the airport?”
Yes and No:
No, I’m n ot.”
“Yes, he w ill. / No, he w o n ’t.”
“Yes, there is. / No, there isn ’t.”
We use d o /d o e s for the simple present (see Units 6-7):
■ I don’t like hot weather, but Sue does. (= Sue likes hot weather)
■ Sue works hard, but I d o n ’t. (= I don’t w ork hard)
■ “D o you enjoy your work?” “Yes, I d o.”
We use d id for the simple past (see U nit 12):
■ A: Did you and Chris like the movie?
■ B: I did, but Chris d id n ’t. (= I liked it, but Chris didn’t like it)
■ “I had a good tim e.” “I did, too.” (= I had a good time, too)
■ “Did it rain yesterday?” “N o, it d id n ’t.”
You have? / Have you?, etc. —►Unit 42
so am I / neither do I, etc. —►Unit 43
U N I
Exercises
tl 1 Complete these sentences. Use only one verb (is/have/can, etc.) each time.
1.
2.
3.
Kate wasn’t hungry, but we w e r e
I’m not m arried, but my b ro th e r
Bill can’t help you, but I
. 4. I haven’t read the book, but Tom .
. 5. Karen w on’t be here, but C h ris __
. 6. You w eren’t late, but I __________
2 Complete these sentences with a negative verb (isn't/haven't/can't, etc.).
1. My sister can play the piano, but I c a n t . 4. M ark has been to China, but I .
2. Sam is working today, but I ________________. 5. I’m ready to go, but Tom .
3. I was working, but my frie n d s
. 6. I’ve seen the movie, but Kim .
41 3 Complete these sentences with do/does/did or don't/doesn't/didn't.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
I don’t like hot weather, but Sue does .
Sue likes hot weather, but I d o n t .
My m other wears glasses, but my fa th e r_______________ .
You don’t know Paul very well, but I _______________ .
I didn’t enjoy the party, but my frie n d s_______________ .
I don’t watch TV m uch, but P e te r_______________ .
Kate lives in Canada, but her parents _
You had breakfast this m orning, but I
41 4 Complete the sentences. Write about yourself and other people.
1. I didn’t g o o u t la st n ig h t b u t m y frien d s did.________________
2. I lik e ________________________________, b u t .
3. I don’t ______________________________ , b u t .
4. I’m ______________________________________
5. I haven’t .
5 Put in a verb, positive or negative.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
“Are you tired?” “I w a s earlier, but I’m not now.”
Steve is happy today, but h e _______________ yesterday.
The stores aren’t open yet, but the post office .
I don’t have a telescope, but I know somebody w ho .
I w ould like to help you, but I’m sorry I .
I don’t usually drive to work, but I _______________ yesterday.
A: Have you ever been to Costa Rica?
B: No, but S an dra_______________ . She w ent there on vacation last year.
“Do you and Luke watch TV a lot?” “I _______________ , but Luke doesn’t.”
I’ve been invited to Sam’s wedding, but K a te _______________ .
“Do you think Sarah will pass her driving test?” “Yes, I’m sure s h e _________
“Are you going out tonight?” “I _______________ . I don’t know for sure.”
-1.6 Answer these questions about yourself. Use Yes, I have. / No, I'm n o t , etc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Are you Brazilian?
No, I'm not.___________________________
Do you have a car?_______________ ________________________________________
Do you feel OK?_________________ ________________________________________
Is it snowing?____________________ ________________________________________
Are you hungry?_________________ ____________________________________ ___
Do you like classical music?_______ ________________________________________
W ill you be in Boston tom orrow? ________________________________________
Have you ever broken your arm?
________________________________________
Did you buy anything yesterday?
________________________________________
W ere you asleep at 3:00 a.m.?
________________________________________
U N I T
42
You have?
Have you?
I'm w riting a book.
I've bought a new car.
Are you?, etc.
You are?
I don't like George.
You are? W hat about?
You don't? Why not?
You can say you have? / it is? / he can’t?, etc. to show that you are interested or surprised:
■ “Y ou’re late.” “I am? I’m sorry.”
■ “I was sick last w eek.” “You were? I didn’t know that.”
■ “It’s raining again.” “It is? It was sunny 10 m inutes ago.”
■ “T here’s a letter for you.” “T here is? W here is it?”
■ “B ill can’t drive.” “H e can’t? I didn’t know that.”
■ “I’m n o t hungry.” “You aren’t? I am.”
M “Sue isn ’t at work today.” “She isn ’t? Is she sick?”
Use d o /d o e s for the simple present and d id for the simple past:
■ “I speak four languages.” “You do? W hich ones?”
■ “T im d o esn ’t eat m eat.” “H e d o esn ’t? Does he eat fish?”
■ “N ic o le g o t m arried last w eek.” “She did? Really?”
Tag questions
You can use have you? / is it? / can’t she?,
etc. at the end o f a sentence.
It's a nice day, isn't it?
:cy>
These “mini questions” are tag questions.
Positive sentence —►Negative tag question
It’s a nice day,
Sally lives in Portland,
You closed the window,
T hose shoes are nice,
T om w ill be here soon,
_Y \
Yes,
Yes,
Yes,
Yes,
Yes,
it’s perfect.
that’s right.
I think so.
very nice.
probably.
Negative sentence —►Positive tag question
That isn ’t your car,
You haven’t m et my mother,
Sally d oesn ’t go out m uch,
You w o n ’t be late,
84
isn ’t it?
d o esn ’t she?
d id n ’t you?
aren’t they?
w o n ’t he?
I am, I don't, etc. —►Unit 41
is it?
have you?
does she?
w ill you?
No,
No,
No,
No,
it’s my m other’s.
I haven’t.
she doesn’t.
I’m never late.
Yes, it's perfect.
U N I T
Exercises
1 Answer with You do? / She doesn't? / They did?, etc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I speak four languages.
I work in a bank.
I didn’t go to w ork yesterday.
Jane doesn’t like me.
You look tired.
Kate called me last night.
You do
W hich ones?
I w ork in a bank, too.
W ere you sick?
W hy not?
I feel fine.
W hat did she say?
-2 2 Answer with You have? / You haven't? / She did? / She didn't?, etc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
You have
I’ve bought a new car.
Tim doesn’t eat meat.
I’ve lost my key.
Sue can’t drive.
I was born in Italy.
I didn’t sleep well last night.
T here’s a football game on TV tonight.
I’m not happy.
I saw Paula last week.
M aria works in a factory.
I w on’t be here next week.
The clock isn’t working.
H e doesn t
W hat kind is it?
Does he eat fish?
W hen did you have it last?
She should learn.
I didn’t know that.
Was the bed uncom fortable?
Are you going to watch it?
W hy not?
H ow is she?
W hat kind of factory?
W here will you be?
It was w orking yesterday.
X2 3 Complete these sentences with a tag question (isn't it? / haven't you?, etc.).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
It’s a nice dav.
These flowers are nice,
Jane was at the party,
You’ve been to Chile,
You speak Thai,
Bill looks tired,
You’ll help me,
isn t i t
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
J
Yes,
Yes,
Yes,
Yes,
Yes,
Yes,
Yes,
it’s beautiful.
w hat kind are they?
but I didn’t speak to her.
many times.
but not very well.
he works very hard.
of course I will.
M2A Complete these sentences with a tag question, positive (is it? / do you?, etc.) or
negative (isn't it? / don't you?, etc.).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
You haven’t eaten yet,
You aren’t tired,
Lisa is a very nice person,
You can play the piano,
You don’t know M ike’s sister,
Sarah w ent to college,
The movie wasn’t very good,
Anna lives near you,
You w on’t tell anybody what I said,
have' vou
?
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
No, I’m not hungry.
No, I feel fine.
Yes, everybody likes her.
Yes, but I’m not very good.
No, I’ve never m et her.
Yes, she studied psychology.
No, it was terrible.
Yes, ju st a few blocks away.
No, o f course not.
U N I T
too/either
so am I / neither do lf etc.
Too and eith er
I'm happy,
■ 11■
j
I'm not happy.
I'm happy, too.
Ifm not happy, either.
W e use to o and eith er at the end of a sentence.
We use eith er after a negative verb:
■ A: I’m not happy.
B: Pm n o t happy, either.
(not I’m n o t . . ., too.)
m A: I can’t cook.
B: I can’t, either, (not I can’t, too)
m Bill doesn’t watch TV. He d o esn ’t read
newspapers, either.
We use to o after a positive verb:
■ A: I’m happy.
B: Pm happy, too.
■ A: I liked the movie.
B: I lik ed it, too.
■ Jane is a doctor. Her husband is
a doctor, too.
so am I / n eith er do I, etc.
I'm happy.
so
n eith er
So am I.
so am 1 = 1 am, too
so have 1 = 1 have, too (etc.):
■ A: I’m working.
B: So am I. (= I’m working, too)
■ A: I was late for w ork today.
B: So was Sam . (= Sam was late, too)
■ A: I w ork in a bank.
B: So do I.
■ A: We w en t to the movies last night.
B: You did? So d id w e.
■ A: I’d like to go to Australia.
B: So w o u ld I.
a m /is /a r e
w a s/w er e . . .
d o /d o e s . . .
did . . .
h ave/h as . . .
can . . .
w ill. . .
sh ould . . .
n eith er
n eith er
■ A:
B:
■ A:
B:
■ A:
B:
■ A:
B:
Neither am I.
am I = I’m not, either
can 1 = 1 can’t, either (etc.):
I haven’t been to China.
N eith er have I. (= I haven’t, either)
Kate can’t cook.
N eith er can T om .
(= Tom can’t, either)
I w o n ’t (= will not) be here
tom orrow.
N eith er w ill I.
I never go to the movies.
N eith er do I.
Rem em ber: So am I (not So I am), N either have I (not N either I have).
I am, I don't, etc. —►Unit 41
I'm not happy.
U N I
Exercises
-3.1 Write too or either.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
I’m happy, too_________
I’m not h u n g ry ,__________
I’m going o u t,___________
It rained on Sunday,______
She can’t ride a bicycle,___
I don’t like to go shopping,
H er father is a teach er,___
I’m happy.
I’m not hungry.
I’m going out.
It rained on Saturday.
Jenny can’t drive a car.
I don’t like to go shopping.
Linda’s m other is a teacher.
-3 2 Answer with So . . . I (So am I / So do !/ So can /, etc.).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I w ent to bed late last night.
I’m thirsty.
I’ve already read this book.
I need a vacation.
I’ll be late tomorrow.
I was very tired this m orning.
Answer with N eith er. . . I.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
I can’t go to the party.
I didn’t call Alex last night.
I haven’t eaten lunch yet.
I’m not going out tonight.
I don’t know w hat to do.
-3 3 You are talking to Maria. Write sentences about yourself. Where possible, use So . . . i
or N eith er. . . I. Look at these examples carefully:
I'm tired today.
You :an answer:
So am /
OR
I'm not.
I don't work hard.
You :an answer:
N e ith e r do i
OR
/ do.
Maria
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
I’m studying English.
I can ride a bicycle.
I’m not American.
I like to cook.
I don’t like cold weather.
I slept well last night.
I’ve never been to India.
I don’t use my phone much.
I’m going out tom orrow night.
I wasn’t sick last week.
I didn’t w atch TV last night.
I go to the movies a lot.
You
U N I T
44
A
B
isn't, haven't, don't, etc. (negatives)
_________________________________________________________
We use n o t (n’t) in negative sentences:
Positive
Negative
am
is
are
was
were
have
has
will
can
could
should
would
m ust
am n o t (’m not)
is n o t (isn’t or’s not)
are n o t (aren’t or ’re not)
was n o t (w asn’t)
w ere n ot (w eren’t)
have n ot (haven’t)
has n ot (hasn’t)
w ill n o t (w on ’t)
can n ot (can’t)
cou ld n ot (co u ld n ’t)
sh ould n ot (sh ou ld n ’t)
w o u ld n ot (w ou ld n ’t)
m u st n ot
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
P m n o t tired.
It isn ’t (or It’s not) raining.
They aren’t (or They’re not) here.
Brian w asn ’t hungry.
The stores w eren ’t open.
I haven’t finished my work.
Sue hasn’t been to Mexico.
We w o n ’t be here tomorrow.
George can’t drive.
I c o u ld n ’t sleep last night.
You sh o u ld n ’t work so hard.
I w o u ld n ’t like to be an actor.
They m u st n o t have a car.
d o n ’t / d oesn ’t / d id n ’t
I/w e /y o u /th e y
h e /s h e /it
Simple present negative
Simple past negative
I/they/he/she, etc.
Positive
do n o t (d o n ’t)
does n o t (d oesn ’t)
w o r k /liv e /g o , etc.
did not (didn’t)
Negative
I d o n ’t w an t to go out.
They d o n ’t w ork hard.
Liz d oesn ’t play the guitar.
My father d o esn ’t lik e his job.
I d id n ’t get up early this m orning.
They d id n ’t w ork hard yesterday.
We d id n ’t play tennis.
Diane d id n ’t have dinner w ith us.
I w ant to go out.
They w ork hard.
Liz plays the guitar.
My father lik es his job.
I g o t up early this m orning.
They w ork ed hard yesterday.
W e played tennis.
Diane had dinner w ith us.
D o n ’t . . .
D o n ’t look !
D o n ’t w ait for me.
L ook!
W ait for me.
Sometimes do is the m ain verb (don ’t do / d oesn ’t do / d id n ’t do):
D o something!
Sue does a lot on weekends.
I did what you said.
simple present negative —►Unit 6
Why isn't/don't . . . ? —►Unit 45
—
-►
D o n ’t do anything!
Sue d oesn ’t do m uch on weekends.
I d id n ’t do w hat you said.
simple past negative —►Unit 12
don't look / don't wait, etc. —►Unit 37
U N I T
Exercises
44
Make these sentences negative.
1. H e’s gone out. H e h a sn 't gone out.
2. They’re m arrie d .___________________
3. I’ve had d in n er.____________________
L2
4. It’s cold today. _
5. W e’ll be late. _
6. You should g o ..
Make these sentences negative. Use don't!doesn't!didn't.
1.
2.
3.
She saw me. S h e didn 'ts e e me.
I like ch eese.________________________
They u n d ersto o d ._________
Make these sentences negative.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
She can swim. She can > swim .
T hey’ve arriv ed .___
I w ent to the bank. _
H e speaks Jap an ese..
We were angry.____
4. He lives here. _
5. Go aw ay!______
6. I did the dishes..
6.
H e’ll be happy.___
7. Call me to n ig h t.__
8 . It rained yesterday.
9. I could hear th e m ..
10. I believe y o u ..
-T 4 Complete these sentences with a negative verb (isn't!haven't!don't, etc.).
1. They aren’t rich. They
have m uch money.
“N o, thank you. I _______________hungry.’
I _______________find my glasses. Have you seen them?
S tev e_______________ use e-mail much. H e’d rather talk on the phone.
W e can walk to the station from here. I t _______________very far.
“W h ere’s Jane?” “I _______________ know._I _______________ seen her today.”
. fall!
Be careful!
like the movie very much.
W e w ent to the movies last night. I .
.
been to South Korea.
I’ve been to Japan many times, but I ___________
J u lia _______________ be here tomorrow. She’ll be out of town.
“W ho broke that w indow?” “N ot me. I _______________ do it.
We didn’t see w hat happened. W e _____________ looking at the time.
Lisa bought a new coat a few days ago, but s h e __ ___________ w orn it yet.
Y o u _______________ drive so fast. It’s dangerous.
don t
2 . “W ould you like som ething to eat?”
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
.
10
11.
12.
13.
14.
-4,5 You ask Gary some questions. He answers "Yes" or "No." Write sentences
about Gary, positive or negative.
%
You
Are you married?
Do you live in Los Angeles?
W ere you born in Los Angeles?
Do you like Los Angeles?
W ould you like to live someplace else?
Can you drive?
Have you traveled abroad?
Do you read the newspaper?
Are you interested in politics?
Do you usually watch TV at night?
D id you watch TV last night?
Did you go out last night?
No.
Yes.
No.
No.
Yes.
Yes.
No.
No.
No.
Yes.
No.
Yes.
i.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Gary
H e isn t m arried.
H e liv e s in L o s Angeles.
89
?
is i t . . . ? have you
(questions 1)
do they . . . ? , etc.
You are eating.
W hat are you eating?
Are you eating?
In questions, the first verb (is/are/h ave, etc.) is before the subject:
Question
Postive
verb + subject
subject + verb
I
That seat
She
David
You
They
Paula
am late.
is free.
was angry.
has gone.
have been to Japan.
w ill be here soon.
can swim.
—►
Am
Is
W hy was
-* W here has
H ave
-►
—► W hen w ill
-*
Can
I late?
that seat free?
she angry?
D avid gone?
you been to Japan?
th ey be here?
Paula swim?
Rem em ber: the subject is after the first verb.
■ W here has D avid gone? (not W here has gone David?)
■ Are th ose p eo p le waiting for something? (not Are waiting . . . ?)
■ W h en was the telep h o n e invented? (not W hen was invented . . . ?)
do . . . ? / does . . . ? / did . . . ?
Simple present questions
Simple past questions
do
does
I/w e /y o u /th e y
h e /s h e /it
did
I/they/he/she, etc.
Question
Positive
They w ork hard.
You w atch television.
Chris has a car.
She gets up early.
They w orked hard.
You had dinner.
She g o t up early.
w o r k /liv e /g o , etc. . . . ?
D o they w ork hard?
-► H ow often do you w atch television?
-► D oes Chris have a car?
—► W hat time does she get up?
D id they w ork hard?
—► W hat d id you have for dinner?
W hat tim e did she get up?
Sometimes do is the main verb (do you do / did he do, etc.):
■ W hat do you usually do on weekends?
■ “W hat does your brother do?” “H e works in a bank.”
■ “I broke my finger last w eek.” “H ow did you do that?” (not H ow did you that?)
Why
■
■
■
is n ’t . . . ? / W hy d o n ’t . . . ?, etc. (Why + negative):
W here’s John? W hy isn ’t he here? (not W hy he isn’t here?)
W hy can’t Paula come to the m eeting tom orrow? (not W hy Paula can’t . . . ?)
W hy d id n ’t you call me last night?
simple present questions —►Unit 7
what/which/how —►Units 48-49
simple past questions —►Unit 12
questions 2-3 —►Units 46-47
U N I
Exercises
-5 1 Write questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
I can swim.
I work hard.
I was late this m orning.
I’ve seen that movie.
I’ll be here tomorrow.
I’m going out tonight.
I like my job.
I live near here.
I enjoyed the movie.
I had a good vacation.
C a n you sw im ?
(and you?)
(and Jack?)
(and you?)
(and Kate?)
(and you?)
(and Paul?)
(and you?)
(and Nicole?)
(and you?)
(and you?)
D o e s J a c k w o rk h a rd ?
- 5 2 You are talking to a friend about driving. Write the full questions.
£
You
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
(have / a car?) D o you have a c a r ?
(use / a lo t? )____
.it.
(use / yesterday?)
(enjoy driving?)
(a good driver?)
(ever / have / an accident?)
Yes, I do.
Yes, almost every day.
Yes, to go to work.
N o t very much.
I think I am.
N o, never.
3 Make questions with these words. Put the words in the right order.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
has / gone / w here / David?)
W h ere has D a v id gone?
w orking / Rachel / is / today?) Is D a ch e / w orking today?
the children / w hat / are / doing?) W h a t.
m ade / is / how / cheese?)
to the party / coming / is / your sister?)
you / the truth / tell / don’t / w h y ? )___
your guests / have / yet / arrived?)____
leave / w hat time / your plane / does?) _
to work / Jenny / why / go / didn’t? ) __
your car / in the accident / was / damaged?)
K5L4 Complete the questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
I want to go out.
Kate and Paul aren’t going to the party.
I’m reading.
Sue went to bed early.
My parents are going on vacation.
I saw Tom a few days ago.
I can’t come to the party.
Tina has moved.
I need some money.
Angela doesn’t like me.
It rains sometimes.
I did the shopping.
W here do you w a n t to ao?
W hv a ren t they qoina?
W hat
W hat tim e
W hen
W here
W hy
W here
H ow m uch
W hy
H ow often
W hen
V
Who saw you?
(questions 2)
Who did you see?
Sylvia saw Paul.
W ho saw Paul?
Sylvia. (Sylvia saw him.)
W ho did Sylvia see?
Paul. (She saw Paul.)
Sylvia
Paul
Object
Subject
Sylvia saw som ebody.
Somebody saw Paul.
W ho saw Paul?
W ho did Sylvia see?
Sylvia. (Sylvia saw him.)
Paul. (She saw Paul.)
w h o is the subject
Paul is the object
w h o is the object
Sylvia is the subject
In these questions, w h o /w h a t is the subject:
■ W ho lives in this house? (= somebody lives in it - who?)
(not W ho does live?)
■ W hat happened? (= som ething happened - what?)
(not W hat did happen?)
■ W hat’s happening? (W hat’s = W hat is)
■ W h o’s g o t my keys? (W ho’s = W ho has)
In these questions, w h o /w h a t is the object:
■ W ho did you m eet yesterday? (= you m et somebody - who?)
■ W hat did Paul say? (= Paul said som ething - what?)
■ W ho are you calling?
■ W hat was Sylvia wearing?
Com pare:
■ George likes oranges.
■ Jane w on a new car.
—► W ho lik es oranges? - George.
W hat does George like? - Oranges.
—► W ho w o n a new c a r? -Ja n e .
W hat did Jane win? - A new car.
Use w h o for people (somebody). Use w hat for things, ideas, etc. (something):
■ W ho is your favorite singer?
■ W hat is your favorite song?
questions —►Units 45, 47
what/which/how —►Unit 48
Exercises
-5.1
uni
44
Make questions with who or what. In these questions, who/what is the subject.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Somebody broke the window.
Something fell off the shelf.
Somebody wants to see you.
Somebody took my umbrella.
Something made me sick.
Somebody is coming.
-5.2 Make questions with who or what (subject or object).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
I bought something.
Somebody lives in this house.
I called somebody.
Something happened last night.
Somebody knows the answer.
Somebody did the dishes.
Jane did something.
Something woke me up.
Somebody saw the accident.
I saw somebody.
Somebody has my pen.
This w ord means something.
-6.3 You want the missing information (XXXXX). Write questions with who or what.
1.
I lost XXXXX yesterday, but fortunately
XXXXX found it and gave it back to me.
2.
XXXXX called me last night. She w anted
XXXXX.
3.
I needed some advice, so I asked XXXXX.
He said XXXXX.
4.
I hear that XXXXX got m arried last week.
XXXXX told me.
5.
I m et XXXXX on my way hom e tonight.
She told me XXXXX.
6.
Steve and I played tennis yesterday.
XXXXX won. After the game, we XXXXX.
7.
It was my birthday last week and I got
some presents. XXXXX gave me a book,
and C atherine gave me XXXXX.
W hat d id you lo se ?
Who found it?
W ho _
W h a t.
93
Who is she talking to?
What is it like?
(questions 3)
Julia is talking to somebody.
W ho is she talking to?
Julia
In questions beginning W ho . . . ? ' / W h a t. . . ? / W here . . . ? / W hich . . . ?, prepositions
(to /fr o m /w ith , etc.) usually go at the end:
■ “W here are you from ?” “I’m from Thailand.”
■ “Jack was afraid.” “W hat was he afraid of?”
■ “W ho do these books belong to?” “They’re m ine.”
■ “Tom ’s father is in the hospital.” “W hich h osp ital is he in?”
■ “Kate is going on vacation.” “W ho w ith?” / “W ho is she going w ith?”
■ “Can we talk?”“Sure. W hat do you w ant to talk about?”
W hat’s it like? / W hat are th ey like?, etc.
W hat’s it like? = W hat is it like?
W hat’s it like? = tell me
som ething about it - is it good or bad,
big or small, old or new, etc.?
W hen we say “W hat is it like?,” lik e is a preposition. It is not the verb lik e (D o you lik e
your new house?).
A: T here’s a new restaurant near my house.
B: W hat’s it like? Is it good?
A: I don’t know. I haven’t eaten there yet.
A: W hat’s your new teacher like?
B: She’s very good. We learn a lot.
A: I m et N icole’s parents yesterday.
B: You did? W hat are they like?
A: They’re very nice.
A: Did you have a good vacation? W hat was the w eather like?
B: It was great. It was sunny every day.
questions —►Units 45-46
what/which/how —►Unit 48
prepositions —►Units 104-114
U N I T
<ercises
You want the missing information (XXXXX). Write questions with who or what.
1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
f 2 Write questions about the people in the pictures. Use these verbs + a preposition:
go
listen
lo o k
talk
1.
Who is sh e talking to?
2. W h a t___________
3. W hich restau ran t.
talk
w ait
4. W h a t____
5. W h a t____
6. W hich bus.
3 Write questions with Which
1.
2.
3.
4.
Tom ’s father is in the hospital.
W e stayed at a hotel.
Jack plays for a football team.
I w ent to school in this town.
4 You want some information about another country. You ask somebody who has been
there. Ask questions with What is/are .. . like?
1.
2.
3.
4.
(the
(the
(the
(the
roads)
W h a t a re th e roads like?_____________________________________________
fo o d )_________________________________________________________________________
people) _
weather)
7.5 Ask questions with What was!were . . . like?
1. Your friend has just come back from a trip. Ask about the weather.
W h a t w a s th e w e a th e r like?___________________________________
2. Your friend has just come back from the movies. Ask about the movie.
3.
Your friend has just finished a com puter course. Ask about the classes.
4.
Your friend has just come back from a business trip. Ask about the hotel.
U N I T
48
A
W h a t. . . ?
How
Which
(questions 4)
W hat
■
■
■
■
+ noun (W hat co lo r . . . ? / W hat k in d . . . ?, etc.)
W hat co lo r is your car?
■ W hat co lo r are your eyes?
W hat size is this shirt?
H W hat n ation ality is she?
W hat tim e is it?
■ W hat day is it today?
W hat k in d o f job do you want? (or W hat type o f job . . . ? / W hat sort of job . . . ?)
W hat w ithout a noun:
■ W hat’s your favorite color?
■ W hat do you w ant to do tonight?
B
W hich + noun (things or people):
■ W hich train did you catch - the 9:50 or the 10:30?
■ W hich d octor did you see D octor Lopez, D octor Gray, or D octor Hill?
We use w h ich w ithout a noun for things, not people:
■ W hich is bigger - Canada or Australia?
We use w h o for people (w ithout a noun):
■ W ho is taller - Joe or Gary? (not W hich is taller?)
C
W hat or which?
We use w h ich w hen we are thinking about a small num ber o f possibilities (perhaps 2, 3, or 4):
■ W e can go this way or that way.
W hich w ay should we go?
or
or
or
m
■
HI
■
■ There are four umbrellas here.
W hich is yours?
W H IC H ?
W hat is m ore general:
■ W hat’s the capital o f Argentina? (of all the cities in Argentina)
■ W hat k ind of music do you like? (of all kinds o f music)
Com pare:
■ W hat co lo r are his eyes? (not W hich color?)
W hich co lo r do you prefer, p in k or yellow ?
■ W hat is the longest river in the world?
W hich is the longest river - the M ississippi, the A m a zo n , or the N ile?
H ow . . . ?
■ “H o w was the party last night?” “It was great.”
■ “H o w do you get to w ork?” “By bus.”
You can use h o w + adjective/adverb (how tall / h ow old / h o w often, etc.):
“H o w
96
tall are you?” “I’m five feet 10.” (5 feet 10 inches or 1.78 meters)
b ig is the house?” “N ot very big.”
old is your m other?” “She’s 45.”
far is it from here to the airport?” “Ten m iles.” (about 16 kilometers)
often do you use your car?” “Every day.”
lo n g have they been m arried?” “Ten years.”
m u ch was the taxi?” “Ten dollars.”
questions —►Units 45-47
How long does it take
Unit 49
w hich one(s) —►Unit 76
U N I T
Exercises
.1 Write questions with What . . . ?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
This shirt is nice.
I w ant a job.
I have a new sweater.
I got up early this m orning.
I like music.
I w ant to buy a car.
(size?)
(kind?)
(color?)
(time?)
(type?)
(kind?)
W hat size is it?
W hat kin d o f jo b do you w a n t?
W h a t.
_____
-------_____
get up?
: 2 Complete the questions. Use Which . . . ?
W hich
should we
Kendaii Sq.
Cambridge
Storrow Dr.
THEATER 1
THEATER 2
goes downtown?
m3 Write What/Which/Who.
is that m an’s name?
W hich . way should we go?
2.
Left or right?
3. You can have tea or coffee.
_________ do you prefer?
4. “_________ day is it today?” “Friday.”
5.
. is your favorite sport?
1.
W hat
6. This is a nice office._________ desk
is yours?
7. ________ is m ore expensive, m eat or fish?
8. ________ is older, Liz or Steve?
kind of camera do you have?
9. _____
10. A: I’ve got three cameras.
B: _________ camera do you use most?
4 Complete the questions with How + adjective or adverb (ihigh/long, etc.).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
13.5
H o w high
_ is M ount Everest?
is it to the station?
_________is Helen?
______ do the buses run?
. is the w ater in the pool?
have you lived here?
O ver 29,000 feet.
Almost two miles.
She’s 26.
Every 10 minutes.
Seven feet.
Almost three years.
Write questions with H o w . . . ?
1.
2.
3.
4.
D.
Are you five feet nine? Five feet 10? Five feet 11?
Is this box one kilogram? Two? Three?
Are you 20 years old? 22? 25?
Did you spend $20? $30? $50?
Do you watch TV every day? O nce a week? Never?
-jow tall a re you/
6. Is it 2,000 miles from N ew York to Los Angeles? 2,500? 3,000?
How long does it take . . . ?
H o w lo n g does it take to get from ,
to . . . ?
N ew York
hour X
Washington, D.C
■
■
■
■
w
H ow long does it take to get from N ew York
to W ashington, D.C., by plane?
/
/ *
How long does it take
It takes several days to
H ow long does it take
It takes ten m inutes to
It takes an hour.
to get from Los Angeles to N ew York by train?
get from Los Angeles to N ew York by train.
to get from your house to the airport by car?
get from my house to the airport by car.
H o w lo n g does it take to do something?
H ow long
does
did
w ill
it take to . . . ?
It
takes
to o k
w ill take
d o esn ’t
d id n ’t
w o n ’t
a week
a long tim e
three hours
take
to . . .
long
H ow long does it take to cross the Atlantic by ship?
“I came by train.” “You did? H ow long d id it take (to get here)?”
H ow long w ill it take to get from here to the hotel?
It takes a long time to learn a language.
It d o esn ’t take long to m ak e an omelet.
It w o n ’t take long to fix the computer.
H o w lo n g does it take you to do something?
H ow long
it
Day t
Day 2
Day 3
does
did
w ill
takes
to o k
w ill take
I started reading the book on Monday.
I finished it on W ednesday evening.
It to o k m e three days to read it.
■
■
■
■
■
H ow long w ill it take m e to learn to drive?
It takes T om 20 m inutes to get to work in the m orning.
It to o k us an hour to do the shopping.
D id it take you a long tim e to fin d a job?
It w ill take m e an hour to co o k dinner.
it take
me
Tom
them
you
Tom
them
a week
a long time
three hours
to . . . ?
to . . .
Exercises
unit
49
-5 1 Look at the pictures and write questions with How long . . . ?
.
2
3.
4.
- 5 2 How long does it take to do these things? Write full sentences.
1. fly from your city/country to Los Angeles
It takes ab out 11 hou rs to fly from S e o u l to L o s Angeles.
2. fly from your city/country to Australia
3. become a doctor in your country
4. walk from your hom e to the nearest superm arket
5. get from your house to the nearest airport
-53 Write questions with How long did it take . . . ?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(Jane found a job.)
(I walked to the station.)
(Tom painted the bathroom .)
(I learned to ski.)
(They repaired the computer.)
H o w long d id it take h e r to fin d a j o b ? _____________
y o u _________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
X9.4 Read the situations and write sentences with It took . . . .
1. I read a book last week. I started reading it on Monday. I finished it three days later.
It took m e th re e days to r e a d the book.__________________________________________
2. W e walked hom e last night. We left at 10:00, and we got hom e at 10:20.
3. I learned to drive last year. I had my first driving lesson in January. I passed my driving test
six m onths later.
4. M ark drove to H ouston yesterday. H e left hom e at 7:00 and got to H ouston at 10:00.
5. Lisa began looking for a jo b a long tim e ago. She got a job last week.
6.
Write a sentence about yourself
99
Do you know where . . . ?
I don't know w h a t . . ., etc.
W here is Paula?
W e say:
Do you know
where Paula is?
but
D o you k n ow w here Paula is ?
(not Do you know where is Paula?)
In the same way we say:
I know
I don’t know
i
n i is.
•
where
Paula
Can you tell me w here Paula is?
Compare:
W ho are th ose people?
H ow old is N icole?
W hat tim e is it?
W here can I go?
H ow m uch is this camera?
W hen are you leaving town?
W here have th ey gone?
W hat was Jenny wearing?
but
D o you k n ow
Can you tell m e
I k n ow
I d o n ’t k n ow
I d o n ’t rem em b er
who those peop le are
how old N ic o le is
w hat time it is
w here I can go
how m uch this cam era is
w hen yo u ’re leaving tow n
w here they have gone
w hat Jenny was wearing
Questions w ith d o /d o e s /d id (simple present and simple past)
W here does he live ?
but
D o you k n ow w here he lives ? (not Do you know w here does he live?)
Com pare:
H ow do airplanes fly?
W hat does Jane want?
W hy did she go home?
W here d id I pu t the key?
but
D o you k n ow
I d o n ’t k n ow
I d o n ’t rem em ber
I k n ow
how airplanes fly
w hat Jane w ants
why she w en t hom e
where I p u t the key
Questions beginning Is . . . ? / D o . . . ? / Can . . . ?, etc. (yes/no questions)
Compare:
Is Jack at home?
H ave they got a car?
Can B rian swim?
D o th ey live near here?
D id anybody see you?
but
D o you k n ow
I d o n ’t k n ow
if
or
w h eth er
Jack is at hom e
th ey’ve g o t a car
Brian can swim
they live near here
anybody saw you
You can use i f or w h eth er in these sentences:
Do you know i f they’ve got a car? or Do you know w h eth er they’ve got a car?
I don’t know i f anybody saw me. or I don’t know w h eth er anybody saw me.
U N I T
Exercises
50.1 Answer these questions with
.
1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6
.
50
Idon't know w here/w hen/w hy.
(where) / do n 't k n o w w h e re th e y 've pone.
(where) I don’t know
(how old)
(when)
(whv)
(how long)
Have your friends gone home?
Is Sue in her office?
Is the building very old?
W ill Paul be here soon?
Was he angry because I was late?
Has D onna lived here a long time?
50.2 Complete the sentences.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
(H ow do airplanes fly?)
(W here does Susan work?)
(W hat did Peter say?)
(W hy did he go hom e early?)
(W hat tim e does the m eeting begin?)
(H ow did the accident happen?)
Do you know . h o w airplanes fly
I don’t know _
Do you re m e m b e r.
I don’t k n o w _____
Do you know
I don’t re m e m b e r.
50.3 Which is right?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Do you know w hat time is it / it is? (it is is right)
W hy are you / you are leaving?
I don’t know where are they / they are going.
Can you tell me w here is the m useum / the m useum is?
W here do you w ant / you w ant to go for vacation?
Do you know w hat do elephants eat / elephants eat?
I don’t know how far is it / it is from the hotel to the station.
50.4 Write questions with Do you know if
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(Do they have a car?)
(Are they married?)
(Does Sue know Bill?)
(W ill Gary be here tomorrow?)
(Did he pass his exam?)_____________
V o you k n o w i f th e y h a ve a car?
Do you know
____________
____________
____________
50.5 Write questions beginning Do you know
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
(W hat does Laura want?)
(W here is Paula?)
(Is she working today?)
(W hat tim e does she start work?)
(Are the banks open tomorrow?)
(W here do Sarah and Tim live?)
(Did they go to Jane’s party?)
V o y o u k n o w w h a t L a u ra w a n ts?
D o ________________________________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
50.6 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.
1. Do you know why th e bus w a s la te__________
Do you know w hat tim e ________
3. Excuse me, can you tell me w here .
4. I don’t know w h a t______________
5. Do you know if
6. Do you know how m uch .
2
.
101
She said t h a t . . .
He told me t h a t . .
Today you m eet Paul. You tell him
about the party. You tell Paul w hat
your friends said:
Last week you w ent to a party. A lot
of your friends were there. H ere are
some things they said to you:
Present
Past
l fm enjoying my job.
My father isn't
was
are
w ere
very happy.
Diane
We're going
to buy a house.
Sarah
am
is
■ Sarah and Tim said that they
w ere going to buy a house.
Tim
I have to leave early.
My sister has
Peter
■ Diane said that she was
enjoying her new job.
■ She said that her father
w asn ’t very happy.
have
has
had
can
cou ld
■ Kate said that she c o u ld n ’t
find a job.
w ill
w ou ld
■ Steve said that he w ou ld
call me.
gone to A ustralia.
I can't find a job.
■ Peter said that he had to
leave early.
■ He said that his sister had
gone to Australia.
Kate
I'll call you.
Steve
I don't like my job.
My son doesn't
Rachel
did
lo o k
feel
etc.
lo o k e d
felt
etc.
like school.
You look tired.
I feel fine.
Mike
do
does
You
■ Rachel said that she d id n ’t
like her job.
■ She said that her son d id n ’t
like school.
■ M ike said that I lo o k e d tired.
■ I said that I felt fine.
say and tell
say (—►said)
■ H e said that he was tired.
(not He said me)
■ W hat did she say to you?
(not say you)
We say he said to m e, I said to Ann, etc.
but not “he said m e,” “I said A nn.”
tell (—►told)
■ He told m e that he was tired.
(not He told that)
■ W hat did she tell you?
(not tell to you)
W e say he told m e, I to ld Ann, etc.
but not “he told to m e,” “I told to A nn.”
You can say:
■ H e said that he was tired, or H e said he was tired, (without that)
M Kate told me that she couldn’t find a job. or Kate told me she couldn’t find a job.
I told you to . . . —►Unit 54
U N I
Exercises
51.1 Read what these people say and write sentences with He/She/They said (that) . . .
1.
2
L js
.
6.
I've lost my w atch.
I don't feel very w ell.
“ i
H e s a id h e h a d lo st his w atch.
7.
I'm very busy.
1
3.
W e'll be home late.
S
1 can't go to the party.
8.
1 have to go out.
9.
i
jg fp
I've just gotten back from vacation.
§
4.
I'm going to buy a new computer.
A
&
5.
10.
I'm learning Russian.
f t
We don't have a key.
i
l
51 2 Use the pictures to complete the sentences.
1.
2.
I m enjoying
my new job.
f ' / / Y m not
y y hungry.
Emily
Diane
You can
have it.
I don't
w ant to go.
Hannah
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Linda
6.
I'll send you
a postcard.
Mark
I w ant to
watch TV.
W here's Robert?
He's gone home.
Mike
9.
I'm going to
the movies.
Mary
David
I m et Diane last week. She said sh e w a s enjoying h e r n e w jo b
Emily didn’t w ant anything to eat. She sa id _____________________
I w anted to borrow M ike’s ladder, but he said __________________
H annah was invited to the party, but she said ___________________
Sharon told me she didn’t w ant the picture. She sa id ____________
M ark ju st left on vacation. He sa id ____________________________
I was looking for Robert. Linda sa id ___________________________
“W hy did David stay at hom e?” “H e sa id _____________________
“Has M ary gone out?” “I think so. She sa id ___________________
51 3 Write say/said or tell/told.
He s a id he was tired.
W hat did she te ll vou?
she didn’t like Peter.
Anna
me that you were sick.
Jack
Dan w hat
Please don’t
happened.
she w ould be late?
6. Did Lucy
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
she was
7. The w om an
a reporter.
us she was
8. The wom an
a reporter.
9. They asked me a lot o f questions, but I
didn’t
them anvthing.
10. They asked me a lot o f questions, but I
didn’t _____________ anything.
U N I T
52
A
work/working
go/going
do/doing
W o rk /g o /b e , etc. (baseform)
We use the base form w ith w ill/c a n /m u st, etc.:
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
w ill
shall
m ig h t
m ay
can
cou ld
m u st
should
w o u ld
Anna w ill be here soon.
Shall I op en the window?
I m ig h t call you later.
May I sit here?
I can’t m eet you tomorrow.
C ou ld you pass the salt, please?
It’s late. You m u st be tired.
You sh o u ld n ’t w ork so hard.
W ould you lik e some coffee?
“ ►Units 28
—►U nit 30
-► U nit 31
-► U nit 32
—►U nit 33
—►U nit 35
We use the base form w ith d o /d o e s /d id :
B
d o /d o e s
(simple present)
D o you work?
They d o n ’t w ork very hard.
H elen d o esn ’t k n o w many people.
H ow m uch does it cost?
—►Units 6 -7
did
(simple past)
W hat tim e did the train leave?
We d id n ’t sleep well.
—►U nit 12
to w ork / to go / to be, etc. (infinitive)
(I’m) g o in g to . . .
U nit 27
■ I’m g o in g to play tennis tomorrow.
■ W hat are you g o in g to do?
(I) have to . . .
I have to go now.
Everybody has to eat.
U nit 34
(I) w ant to . . .
Do you w ant to go out?
They don’t w ant to co m e w ith us.
U nit 53
(I) w o u ld lik e to .
I’d lik e to talk to you.
W ould you lik e to go out?
U nit 35
(I) used to . . .
Dave used to w ork in a factory.
U nit 15
w o r k in g /g o in g /p la y in g , etc.
104
a m /is /a r e + -in g
(present continuous)
■ Please be quiet. I’m w orkin g.
■ Tom isn ’t w o rk in g today.
■ W hat tim e are you g o in g out?
—►Units 3-4, 8, 26
w a s/w ere + -in g
(past continuous)
■ It was raining, so we didn’t go out.
■ W hat w ere you d o in g w hen the
phone rang?
—►Units 13-14
verbs + to
and -ing (I w an t to do / 1enjoy doing) —►Unit 53
go + -ing —►Unit 56
Exercises
u
n i t
52 1 Complete the sentences. W rite:.. . call Paul o r . . . to call Paul.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I’ll c a ll Paul
I’m going to ca ll Paul
Can y o u
Shall I
I’d lik e
.
.
Paul?
?
.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Do you h a v e
You s h o u ld ____
I w a n t________
I m ig h t____
C ould you .
: Z 2 Complete the sentences with a verb from the box. Sometimes you need the base form
(work/go, etc.) and sometimes you need -ing (working/going, etc.).
d o /d o in g
g o /g o in g
w a it/w a itin g
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
e a t/e a tin g
lis te n /lis te n in g
w a tc h /w a tc h in g
f l y /f ly in g
s le e p /sle e p in g
w e a r /w e a r in g
g e t/g e ttin g
stay/stayin g
w ork /w o r k in g
Please be quiet. I’m
w orking .
I feel tired today. I didn’t sleep very well last night.
W hat time do you u su ally _______________ up in the m orning?
“W here are y o u
?” “To the bank.”
Did y o u _______________television last night?
Look at that plane! It’s
very low.
You can tu rn off the radio. I’m n o t
to it.
They didn’t _______________ anything because they w eren’t hungry.
My friends w e r e _______________ for me w hen I arrived.
“Does Susan alw ays_______________ glasses?” “No, only for reading.”
“W hat are y o u ________________ tonight?” “I’m _______________hom e.”
: 1 3 Put the verb in the correct form. Choose from:
the base form (work/go, etc.)
the infinitive (to work/to go, etc.)
-ing {working I going, etc.)
or
or
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Should I open the window? (open)
It’s late. I have to g o now. (go)
Amanda isn’t w orking this week. She’s on vacation, (work)
I’m tired. I don’t w a n t_______________ out. (go)
It m ig h t_______________ , so take an um brella w ith you. (rain)
W hat time do you h a v e _______________tom orrow m orning? (leave)
I’m sorry I can’t _______________ you. (help)
My brother is a student. H e’s _______________ physics, (study)
W ould you lik e _______________ on a trip around the world? (go)
W hen you saw Maria, w hat was s h e ______________ ? (wear)
W hen you go to London, w here are you g o in g _______________ ? (stay)
“W h ere’sGary?” “H e’s ________________a bath.” (take)
I u sed
a car, but I sold it last year, (have)
He spoke very quietly. I couldn’t
him. (hear)
You don’t look well. I don’t think you sh o u ld _______________ to w ork today, (go)
I don’t know w hat he said. I wasn’t
to him. (listen)
I’m sorry I’m late. I h a d _______________a phone call, (make)
I w ant
a doctor, (be) Medical students m u s t_______________ courses in
biology and chemistry, (take)
19. May I p le a se _______________ your phone? (use)
105
to . . . (I want to do) and -ing (I enjoy doing)
verbs + to . . . (I w ant to do)
w ant
hope
need
plan
exp ect
p rom ise
d ecid e
offer
refuse
try
forget
learn
+ to .
(to do / to w ork / to be, etc.)
W hat do you w ant to do tonight?
It’s not very late. We don’t need to go hom e yet.
Tina has d ecid ed to sell her car.
You fo rg o t to turn off the light w hen you w ent out.
My brother is learn in g to drive.
I tried to read my book, but I was too tired.
verbs + -in g (I enjoy doing)
el^ °d
f °^ h
suSSest
+ ~*n & (d o in g /w o r k in g /b e in g , etc.)
I enjoy dancing. (not enjoy to dance)
I don’t m in d g ettin g up early.
Has it stop p ed raining?
Sonia su ggested g o in g to the movies.
I enjoy dancing.
verbs + -in g or to . . .
lik e
prefer
love
hate
start
b egin
co n tin u e
+ -in g (doing, etc.)
or
to . . . (to do, etc.)
Do you lik e g ettin g up early? or Do you lik e to get up early?
I prefer traveling by car. or I prefer to travel by car.
Anna loves dancing, or Anna loves to dance.
I hate b ein g late, or I hate to be late.
It started raining, or It started to rain.
w o u ld lik e to . . . , etc.
w o u ld like
w o u ld prefer
w ou ld love
w ou ld hate
+ to . . . (to do / to w ork / to be, etc.)
Julia w o u ld lik e to m e et you.
Pd love to go to Australia. (I’d = I w ould)
“W ould you lik e to sit down?” “N o, Pd prefer to stand, thank you.”
I like this city very m uch. I w o u ld n ’t lik e to m ove.
Pd hate to lo se my cell phone.
would like —►Unit 35
I want you to
—►Unit 54
go + -ing —►Unit 56
preposition + -ing —►Unit 113
U N I T
Exercises
: 3 1 Put the verb in the right form, to . . . or -ing.
1. I enjoy dancing _. (dance)
2 . W hat do you w a n t. to do
tonight? (do)
. you
3. Good-bye! I hope _
again soon, (see)
I le a rn e d _________ . w hen I was five
years old. (swim)
. the
Have you fin ish ed ___
kitchen? (clean)
her
6. W h ere’s Anna? I need .
something, (ask)
. other
Do you e n jo y ________
countries? (visit)
53 2 Complete the sentences using to ..
-go-
go
h elp
lo se
rain
1. “Have you ever been to Australia?”
8.
10.
11.
.
12
13.
14.
15.
The w eather was nice, so I suggested
___________ for a walk by the river, (go)
W h ere’s Bill? H e p ro m ised ___________
here on time, (be)
I’m not in a hurry. I don’t m ind
___________ . (wait)
W hat have you d ec id e d __________ ? (do)
Gary was very angry and refused
___________ to me. (speak)
I’m tired. I w a n t____________to bed. (go)
I was very upset and sta rte d ____________.
(cry)
I’m try in g ____________. (work) Please
s to p ____________. (talk)
or -ing. Use these verbs:
read
see
“No, but I’d love
send
w ait
w atch
to g o
2 . Jane had a lot to do, so I o ffered __ ____________ her.
3. I’m surprised that you’re here. I didn’t ex p e ct_______________ you.
4. Nicole has a lot o f books. She en jo y s_______________ .
5. This ring was my grandm other’s. I’d h a te _______________ it.
6 D on’t fo rg e t_______________ us a postcard w hen you’re on vacation.
7. I’m not going out until it sto p s_______________ .
to the beach?
8 W hat should we do this afternoon? W ould you like
9. W hen I’m tired in the evening, I lik e _____________ . television.
10. “Do you w ant to go now?” “N o, I’d p re fe r______ _______ a few m inutes.”
.
.
3 Complete the answers to the questions.
%
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Do you usually get up early?
Do you ever go to museums?
W ould you like to go to a
m useum now?
Do you write e-mails often?
Have you ever been to Rome?
Do you ever travel by train?
Do you w ant to walk hom e or
take a taxi?
Yes, I like _ to g e t up e a rly
Yes, I lo v e ______________
No, I’m hungry. I’d prefer .
to a restaurant.
No, I don’t lik e _________
No, but I’d lo v e _________
Yes, I en jo y _____________
I don’t m in d ____________
taxi w ould be quicker.
one day.
. , but a
: 3 4 Complete these sentences. Write about yourself. Use to . . . or -ing.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I enjov
I don’t like
If it’s a nice day tom orrow, I’d like
W hen I’m on vacation, I like
I don’t m ind
I w ouldn’t like
I - - - : : : onal exercise 32 (page 260)
. hut
107
U N I T
54
I told you to . . .
I want you to
I want you to
The w om an w ants to leave.
The m an d oesn ’t w an t the w om an to leave.
He w ants her to stay.
We say:
I w ant
you
som eb od y
Sarah
to do som ething
■ I w ant you to be happy. (not I w ant that you are happy)
■ They didn’t w ant anybody to k n ow their secret.
■ Do you w ant m e to len d you some money?
We use w o u ld lik e in the same way:
■ W ould you lik e m e to len d you some money?
We also use this structure (verb + somebody + to . . . ) with:
verb
i i i i i i ■8
ask
tell
advise
exp ect
persuade
teach
Sue
I
W hat do you
I didn’t
We
I
+
asked
told
advise
exp ect
persuaded
am teach in g
somebody + to . . .
a friend
you
me
them
Gary
my brother
to
to
to
to
to
to
len d
be
do?
be
co m e
sw im .
her some money.
careful.
here.
w ith us.
I to ld you to . . . / I told you n ot to . . .
Don't w ait for me.
Wait for me.
I
i ||(| ij
Jane
Me
-Jane told me to w ait for her.
Paul
Paul told Sue n o t to w ait for him.
m ak e and let
After
■
■
■
m ak e and let, we do not use to:
H e’s very funny. He m akes me laugh. (not makes me to laugh)
At school our teacher m ad e us w ork very hard.
Sue le t me use her com puter because m ine wasn’t working, (not let me to use)
You can say L et’s . . . (= Let us) w hen you w ant people to do things w ith you:
■ C om e on! L et’s dance.
■ “Do you w ant to go out tonight?” “N o, I’m tired. L et’s stay hom e.”
Let's .
i—
Unit 37
He told me t h a t . . . —►Unit 51
U N I
Exercises
1 Write sentences beginning / want you . . . / I don't want you . . . /
Do you want me . . . ?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
(you have to come w ith me) / w a n t y o u to co m e w ith me.________
(listen carefully) I w a n t.
(please don’t be angry) I don’t _
(should I wait for you?) Do you .
(don’t call me to n ig h t)________
(you should m eet S arah)______
: - 2 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
1.
Come on! Let's
go to the movies!
It's a good movie.
2.
W here's the station?
3.
Brian
Urn . . . er
Dan
5.
. . . OK.
6.
I'm busy now.
Come back in
10 minutes.
Can I use
your phone?
7.
4.
I'm sick.
you should go
to the doctor.
Can you help me?
Linda
Don't call
before 8 :0 0 .
Do you play the piano?
?
Yes, my mother
taught me.
Of course.
Tom
Sue
Paul
1. Dan persuaded m e to g o to th e m ovies.
2 I w anted to get to the station. A w om an told .
3. Brian was sick. I advised __________________
4. Linda had a lot o f luggage. She a sk e d __
5. I was too busy to talk to Tom. I to ld __
6 I w anted to m ake a phone call. Paul l e t .
7. Sue is going to call me later. I to ld ____
A nn’s m other ta u g h t_________________
.
.
54.3 Complete these sentences with the verbs in the list. Sometimes to is necessary (to go /
to waitf etc.); sometimes to is not necessary (go/wait, etc.).
arrive
b o rrow
get
go
leave
m ak e
repeat
te ll
th in k
w ait
1. Please stay here. I don’t w ant you to lea ve yet.
2 . I didn’t hear w hat she said, so I asked h e r _______________ it.
3. “Should we begin?” “N o, let’s _______________ a few m inutes.”
. m uch later.
4. Are they already here? I expected them .
married.
5. Kevin’s parents didn’t w ant h im _______
______ w ith you.
6 . I w ant to stay here. You can’t make m e __________
. it.”
7. “Is that your bicycle?” “No, it’s Jo h n ’s. He let me
you.
8. Rachel can’t come to the party. She told me .
. some coffee?
9. W ould you like som ething to drink? W ould you like me
. that?”
10. “Kate doesn’t like m e.” “W hat makes y o u ___________
U N I T
I went to the store to . . .
Paula w anted some fruit, so
she w ent to the store.
W hy did she go to the store?
To get some fruit.
She w ent to the store to get
some fruit.
to . . .
■
■
■
■
(to get / to see, etc.) tells us why a person does something:
“W hy are you going out?” “To get some bread.”
Amy w ent to the station to m eet her friend.
Sue turned on the television to w atch the news.
I’d like to go to Mexico to learn Spanish.
m o n e y /tim e to (do something):
■ We need some m o n ey to buy food.
■ I don’t have tim e to w atch television.
to . . . and for . . .
to + verb
(to get / to see, etc.)
■ I w ent to the store to get some fruit.
(not for get)
■ They’re going to Brazil to see their
friends.
■ We need some m oney to buy food.
for + noun
(for fo o d / for a new spaper, etc.)
■ I w ent to the store for som e fruit.
■ They’re going to Brazil for a vacation.
■ W e need some m oney for food.
w ait for
■ Please w ait for me.
■ Are you w a itin g for the bus?
w ait to (do something):
■ I’m w aitin g to talk to the manager.
■ Are you w a itin g to see the doctor?
w ait for (som ebody/som ething) to . . . :
■ I can’t leave yet. I’m w a itin g for Joh n to call.
■ Are you w a itin g for the m ail to com e?
110
go to . . . and go f o r . . . —►Unit 56
enough + to/for. . . —►Unit 92
something to eat / nothing to do, etc. —►Unit 80
too + to/for. . . —►Unit 93
I can't leave yet.
I'm waiting for
John to call.
Exercises
: 5 1 Write sentences beginning / w ent to . . . . Choose from the boxes.
a c o ffee shop
the p o st o ffice"
the d ru gstore
the su perm arket
buy som e fo o d
"g^et-som c stam ps
get som e m e d ic in e
m e et a frien d
1.
/ w e n t to th e p o s t o ffic e to p e t so m e stam ps.____________________________________
2. I w e n t
_____________________________
3.
_________________
4. ________________________________________________________________ _________________
E5.2 Complete the sentences. Choose from the box.
to get som e fresh air
to see w h o it was
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
to op en th is d oor
to w ak e h im up
to read th e n ew spaper
to w atch the-news-
I turned on the television to w a tc h th e n e w s ______________________________________
____
Alice sat down in an arm c h air
Do I need a k e y
____
I w ent for a walk by the riv e r______________________________________________________
I knocked on the door o f David’s ro o m
____
The doorbell rang, so I looked out o f the w in d o w ____________________________________
: 5 3 Use your own ideas to finish these sentences.Use to . . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I w ent to the store to p e t so m e fr u it_____________________________________________
I’m very busy. I don’t have tim e
____
I called A n n
____________________________
I’m going o u t
_____________________
I borrow ed some m o n e y
___
£5.4 Write to or for.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
I w ent to the store to get some bread.
We w ent to a re sta u ran t_______have dinner.
Robert wants to go to co lleg e________ study economics.
I’m going to B o sto n ______ an interview next week.
I’m going to T o ro n to ________visit some friends o f mine.
Do you have tim e ____________ a cup o f coffee?
I got up late this m orning. I didn’t have tim e ________ comb my hair.
Everybody needs m o n e y _______live.
We didn’t have any m o n e y _______ a taxi, so we walked hom e.
The office is very small. T here’s only enough r o o m
a desk and chair.
A: Excuse me, are you w a itin g ________ use the phone?
B: No, I’m w a itin g _____________somebody.
55.5 Complete these sentences. Choose from:
Joh^- / ea41
1.
2.
3.
4.
it / to arrive
you / te ll m e th e m o v ie / b eg in
I can’t go out yet. I’m waiting fo r Jo h n to call_____________________________________
I sat down in the movie theater and w a ite d __________________________________________
We called an ambulance and w a ite d
____
“Do you know w hat to do?” “No, I’m w a itin g _____________________________________
U N I T
go on . . .
go to
go f o r . . .
go -ing
go to . . . (go to w ork / go to San Francisco / go to a concert, etc.)
■
■
■
■
■
W hat tim e do you usually go to work?
I’m g o in g to C hina next week.
Jean didn’t w ant to go to the concert.
W hat tim e did you go to bed last night?
I w en t to the d en tist yesterday.
go to
go to sleep = start to sleep:
■ I was very tired and w en t to sleep quickly,
go h o m e (w ithout to)
■ I’m g o in g h o m e now. (not going to home)
go on
vacation
a trip
a tour
an excursion
a cruise
strike
W e’re g o in g on vacation next week.
C hildren often go on sch ool trips.
W hen we were in Egypt, we w en t on a tou r of the Pyramids.
W orkers at the airport have g on e on strike.
(= they are refusing to work)
go for . . .
go (somewhere) for
a walk
a run
a swim
lunch
dinner, etc.
■
■
■
■
“W h ere’s Joan?” “She w en t for a w alk .”
Do you go for a run every m orning?
The w ater looks nice. I’m g o in g for a sw im .
Should we go out for dinner? I know a good restaurant
go + -in g
We use go + -in g for many sports (sw im m in g /sk iin g , etc.) and also shopping.
I go
he is g o in g
we w ent
they have gon e
she wants to go
|
I
I
I '■■ ■
■
■ ■M
I H rH i
iff
1
w&S3m
llllMHIM
sh op p in g
sw im m in g
fish in g
sailin g
sk iin g
j ° g g in g
running, etc.
Are you g o in g sh op p in g this afternoon?
It’s a nice day. Let’s go sw im m in g.
(or Let’s go for a swim.)
Richard has a small boat, and he often goes sailing.
I w en t jo g g in g before breakfast this m orning.
I'm going skiing
U N I
: xercises
:c 1 Write to/on/for where necessary.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
I’m going to C hina next week.
Richard often goes
sailing, (no preposition)
Sue w e n t________ Mexico last year.
W ould you like
to g o ____the movies tonight?
Jack g o e s
jogging every m orning.
I’m going o u t ________ a walk. Do you w ant to come?
I’m tired because I w e n t________bed very late last night.
Jim is g o in g ________ at r i p ________ Turkey next week.
The w eather was warm and the river was clean, so we w e n t________ a swim.
The taxi drivers w e n t_______strike w hen I was in N ew York.
I need some stamps, so I’m g o in g ________ the post office.
It’s late. I have to g o _______ hom e now.
W ould you like to g o _______a tour of the city?
Do you w ant to go o u t ________ dinner this evening?
My parents are g o in g _______a cruise this summer.
5*5 2 Use the pictures to complete the sentences. Use go/goes/going/went + -ing.
3. every day
6. yesterday
4. next winter \j 5. later
fl
11
y r
j
Peter
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Sarah
Richard has a boat. H e often g o e s sailing .
Last Saturday Diane w e n t_______________________________.
G a ry ______________________________ every day.
Nicole is going to Colorado next winter. She i s ______________________________ .
Peter is going out later. He has t o _______________________________.
S arah
after w ork yesterday.
55.3 Complete the sentences. Use the words in the box. Use to/on/for if necessary.
a sw im
a w a lk
vacation
hom e
H aw aii
r id in g
sh o p p in g
sk iin g
bed
c o lle g e
1. The w ater looks nice. Let’s go fo r a sw im .
, w here she studied
2. After finishing high school, Tina w e n t___________
psychology.
3. I’m g o in g ___________________ now. I have to buy a few things.
early.
4. I was very tired last night. I w e n t___________
early.
5. I wasn’t enjoying the party, so I w e n t_______
almost every weekend.
6. W e live near the m ountains. In w inter we go .
lot.
7. Richard has a horse. He g o e s.
. in the park?
It’s a beautiful day! W ould you like to g o _____
9. A: Are you g o in g ____________________ soon?
. W e’ve never been there before.
B: Yes, next m onth. W e’re g o in g ____________
U N I T
get
57
get a letter / get a job , etc. (get + noun) = receive/buy/find:
you get it
you have it
you d o n ’t have som ething
■ “D id you get my postcard?” “Yes, I go t it yesterday.” (= receive)
■ I like your sweater. W here did you get it? (= buy)
■ Is it difficult to get a job at the m om ent? (= find)
■ (on the phone) “Hello, can I speak to Lisa, please?” “Sure. I’ll get her.”
get h un gry / get co ld / get tired, etc. (get + adjective) = become:
you get hun gry
you are hungry
you’re n o t hungry
■:
■ If you don’t eat, you get hungry.
■ D rink your coffee. It’s g ettin g cold.
■ I’m sorry your m other is sick. I hope she gets b etter soon.
■ It was raining very hard. W e didn’t have an umbrella, so we go t very wet.
BMBB I
'XYh.; ~ ■
c , ~f Y
:*
:
also
: :
I
I
get m arried
get dressed (= put your clothes on)
get lo st (= lose your way)
■ Nicole and Frank are gettin g m arried soon,
■ I got up and go t dressed quickly,
■ We didn’t have a map, so we g o t lost.
get to a place = arrive:
■ I usually get to w ork before 8:30. (= arrive at work)
■ We left B oston at 10:15 and got to O ttaw a at 11:45.
get to
get h er e /th e r e (w ithout to ):
■ H ow did you get here? By bus?
get h o m e (without to):
■ W hat time did you get h o m e last night?
get i n / o u t / o n / o f f
■
get in (a car)
get ou t (o f a car)
get on
get o f f
(a bus / a train / a plane)
■ Kate got in the car and drove away. (You can also say: Kate got in to the car and . . .)
■ A car stopped and a man g o t out. (but A m an got out o f the car.)
■ We go t on the bus outside the hotel and g o t o f f at C hurch Street.
114
get to —►Unit 109
in/out/on/off —►Units 111f 115
get up —►Unit 115
U N I
E xercises
: ~ 1 C o m p lete th e s e se n te n c e s. Use g e t / g e t s an d c h o o se from th e box.
an oth er on e
a g o o d salary
a d o cto r
a n ew com p u ter
a lo t o f rain
a tick et
-my- p o stc ard
som e m ilk
th e jo b
you r ja ck et
1. Did you g e t m y p o s tc a rd ? I sent it a week ago.
2. W here did y o u
?It’s very nice.
3. Quick! This m an is sick. W e have t o ______________________________ .
4. I w ant to return this phone. It doesn’t work. Can I ______________________________ ,
please?
5. Tom has an interview tom orrow. I hope h e ______________________________ .
6 W hen you go out, can y o u _______________________________?
7. “Are you going to the concert?” “Yes, if I c a n ______________________________ .”
8. M argaret has a well-paid job. S h e ______________________________ .
9. The w eather is horrible here in winter. W e ______________________________ .
10. I’m going t o
. The one I have is too slow.
.
: ~ 2 C o m p lete th e s e s e n te n c e s. Use g e t t i n g + th e s e w o rd s:
-ee ld1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
dark
late
m arried
ready
D rink your coffee. It’s g ettin g co ld ______ .
Turn on the light. It’s ____________________ .
“I’m ____________________next w eek.” “Really? Congratulations!”
“W h ere’s Karen?” “She’s
to go out.”
It’s
. It’s time to go home.
57 3 C o m p lete th e s e n te n c e s. Use g e t / g e t s / g o t + th e s e w o rd s:
an gry
b etter
hungry-
lo st
m arried
old
w et
1. If you don’t eat, you g e t h ungry .
2. D o n ’t go out in the rain. You’l l ______________________________ .
3. My b ro th e r______________________________ last year. His w ife’s nam e is Sarah.
4. Dan is always very calm. He n e v e r______________________________ .
5. We tried to find the hotel, but w e ______________________________ .
6 . Everybody wants to stay young, but we a l l ______________________________ .
7. Yesterday the w eather wasn’t so good at first, but i t ______________________________
during the day.
57 4 W rite s e n te n c e s w ith I l e f t . . . a n d g o t t o . . . .
1. hom e / 7:30 —►w ork / 8:15
/ le ft hom e a t 7:30 a n d g o t to w o rk a t 8:15.____________________________________
2. Toronto / 10:15 —►N ew York / 12:00
I left Toronto at 10:15 a n d _______________________________________________________
3. the party / 11:15 -►hom e / m idnight
4.
Write a sentence about yourself.
I le ft
__________________________
: 7 5 W rite g o t in / g o t o u t o f / g o t o n / g o t o f f .
1. Kate g o t in the car and drove away.
2 . I ____________________ the bus and walked to my house from the bus stop.
3. L isa____________________the car, locked the doors, and w ent into a store.
4 . I made a stupid mistake. I ____________________ the wrong train.
do and make
D o is
■
■
■
■
a general word for actions:
W hat are you d o in g tonight? (not W hat are you making?)
“Shall I open the window?” “No, it’s OK. I’ll do it.”
Linda’s jo b is very boring. She does the same thing every day.
I did a lot of things yesterday.
W hat do you do? = W hat’s your job?:
■ “W hat do you do?” “I w ork in a bank.”
M ake = produce/create. For example:
She’s m a k in g coffee.
H e has m ad e a cake.
They m ak e toys.
It was m ad e in China.
Com pare do and make:
■ I did a lot yesterday. I cleaned my room , I w rote some letters, and I m ad e a cake.
■ A: W hat do you do in your free time? Read? Play sports?
B: I m ake clothes. I m ak e dresses and jackets. I also m ake toys for my children.
Expressions w ith do
do
Have the children d on e th eir h om ew ork?
I hate d o in g h ousew ork, especially cleaning.
Barbara, could you do m e a favor?
I have to do fou r exercises for hom ew ork tonight.
I did m y best, but I didn’t win the race.
Tim usually does the laundry on Saturdays.
I cooked, so you should do the dishes.
hom ew ork
housework
(somebody) a favor
an exercise
(your) best
the laundry
the dishes
Expressions w ith m ake
m ake
a mistake
an appointm ent
a phone call
a list
(a) noise
a bed
■
■
■
B
B
B
I’m sorry, I m ade a m istake.
I need to m ak e an ap p o in tm en t to see the doctor.
Excuse me, I have to m ak e a p h o n e call.
Have you m ad e a sh op p in g list?
It’s late. D on’t m ake any noise.
Sometimes I forget to m ak e m y bed in the morning.
We say make a movie but take a picture:
■ W h en was this m o v ie made? but
do/does/did (negatives and questions) —►Units 44-45
W hen was this p ictu re taken?
make somebody do something —►Unit 54
U N I T J g
: xercises
: i 1 Write make/making/made or do/doing/did/done.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
“Shall I open the window?”
“No, that’s OK. I’ll do it.”
W hat did y o u ________________ lastweekend? Did you leave town?
Do you know how t o _______________ bread?
Paper i s ______________ from wood.
Richard didn’t help me. He sat in an armchair a n d _______________ nothing.
“W hat do y o u _______________ ?” “I’m a doctor.”
I asked you to clean the bathroom . Have y o u ________________ it?
“W hat do th e y
in that factory?” “Shoes.”
I’m _______________some coffee. W ould you like some?
W hy are you angry w ith me? I didn’t _______________ anything wrong.
“W hat are y o u _______________tom orrow afternoon?”
“I’m w orking.”
II 2 What are these people doing?
1.He's making a cake.____________________
2. T h e y _______________________________
3.
H e ________________________________
4.
__________________________________
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.__________________________________
: 5,3 Write make or do in the correct form.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
I hate doing housework, especially cleaning.
W hy do you alw ays_______________ the same mistake?
“Can y o u
me a favor?” “It depends w hat it is.”
“Have y o u _______________ your hom ew ork?” “N o t yet.”
I need to see the dentist, but I haven’t _______________ an appointm ent.
J o e ______________ his best, but he didn’t pass his driver’s test.
I painted the door, but I didn’t ______________ it very well.
H ow many phone calls did y o u _______________ yesterday?
W h en you’ve finished Exercise 1, you c a n _______________Exercise 2.
T here’s som ething w rong w ith the car. The engine i s
a strange noise.
It was a bad mistake. It was the worst mistake I’ve e v e r_______________ .
Let’s ______________ a list o f all the things we have t o ________________ today.
117
U N I T
have
have and have go t
I have (something) or I?ve g o t (something) = it is mine:
■ I have a new car. or I’ve go t a new car.
■ Sue has long hair, or Sue has g o t long hair.
■ D o they have any children? or H ave they g o t any children?
■ Tim d o esn ’t have a job. or Tim hasn’t g o t a job.
■ H ow m uch tim e do you have? or H ow m uch tim e have you got?
also
I have
I’ve g ot
a headache / a toothache / a pain (in my leg, etc.)
a cold / a cough / a sore throat / a fever / the flu, etc.
■ I have a headache, or I’ve go t a headache.
■ D o you have a cold? or H ave you go t a cold?
The past is I had (w ithout got) / I d id n ’t have / D id you have?, etc.:
■ W hen I first m et Sue, she had short hair.
■ He d id n ’t have any m oney because he d id n ’t have a job.
■ D id you have enough tim e to do everything you wanted?
have breakfast / have a go o d tim e, etc.
In these expressions have = eat or drink. You can’t use “have got.”
have
breakfast / lunch / dinner
a meal / a sandwich / (a) pizza, etc.
a cup o f coffee / a glass o f milk, etc.
som ething to eat/drink
‘She’s havin g lunch.”
■ W here’s Liz?
■ I d o n ’t usually have breakfast.
■ I had three cups o f coffee this m orning.
■ “H ave a cookie.” “O h, thank you.”
We also use have (not have got) in these expressions:
have
a party / a m eeting
a nice tim e / a good trip / fun, etc.
a (nice) day / a (nice) w eekend /
a (great) vacation
a (good) flight / a safe trip
a dream / an accident
an argum ent / a discussion
a baby
■ W e ’ r e havin g a party next week. Please com:
■ Enjoy your vacation. H ave a good trip!
■ I’m havin g a bad day. Everything is going
wrong. I hope I have a better day tomorrow.
■ We have a 12-hour flight to Lima tomorrow.
■ M ark had an accident on his first day in Romt,,
■ .Boss, can we have a discussion about my pav:
■ Sandra has ju st had a baby. It’s a boy.
Com pare:
have g o t or have
■ I’ve got / I have three cups of coffee
for this office.
I've got three
cups of coffee
for this office.
I'm on bread
I'm h avin g i
cup of cohrr;
have (not have got)
I have coffee w ith my breakfast every m orning.
(not I’ve g o t coffee every m orning)
A: W h ere’s Paul?
B: H e’s on break. H e’s havin g a cup o f coffee.
(= he’s drinking it now)
I have / lfve got —►Unit 9
I've (done) (present perfect) —►Units 16-17, 19-20
I have to . . .
Unit 34
U N I T
Exercises
59.1 Write the correct form of have or have got.
/ didn 't h a v e
time to do the shopping yesterday.
OR H as L is a g o t a car?”
“No, she can’t drive.”
H e can’t open the d o o r.____________________ a key.
a cold last week. H e’s better now.
W hat’s wrong? .
______________ a headache?
We w anted to go by taxi, but
________________ enough money.
Liz is very busy.___________
. m uch free time.
. any problem s w hen you were on vacation?
(I / not / have)
(Lisa / have?)
D o e s L is a h a ve
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
(he / not / have)
(Gary / have)
(you / have?)
(we / not / have)
(she / not / have)
(you / have?)
2 What are these people doing? Choose from the list:
an a rg u m en t
breakfast
a cup o f tea
1.
They 're h avin g a p a rty .
2. She.
3. He _
d in n er
fu n
a p arty
4. T h e y .
5. _____
: 9.3 What do you say in these situations? Use have.
1. Barbara is going on vacation. W hat do you say to her before she goes?
H ave a n ic e v a ca tio n ! ____________________________________________________________
2. You m eet Claire at the airport. She has ju st gotten off her plane. Ask her about the flight.
D id you h ave a g o od flig h t? ______________________________________________________
3. Tim is going on a long trip. W hat do you say to him before he leaves?
4. It’s M onday m orning. You are at work. Ask Paula about her weekend.
5. Paul has ju st come back from vacation. Ask him about his vacation.
6. Rachel is going out tonight. W hat do you say to her before she goes?
7. Sue’s little boy will be one year old next week. Is there going to be a birthday party? Ask her.
59.4 Complete the sentences. Use have/had and choose from the list,
an a ccid en t
a bad d ream
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
a glass o f w ater
a p arty
a baby
so m e th in g to eat
We h a d a p a r t y a few weeks ago. We invited 50 people.
“Should w e
?” “N o, I’m not hungry.”
I was thirsty, so I .
I ______________
. last night. It woke me up.
Tina is a very good driver. She has never .
Rachel is going t o ____________________
. It will be her first child.
U N I T
60
I/me
he/him
they/them, etc.
People
subject
)bject
subject
I
we
you
he
she
they
I
me
you
you
we
us
Tom
Tom
Tom
Tom
Tom
Tom
I know Tom.
We know Tom.
You know Tom.
H e knows Tom.
She knows Tom.
T hey know Tom.
knows
knows
knows
knows
knows
knows
m e.
us.
you.
him .
her.
them .
he
h im
she
her
object
me
us
you
h im
her
th em
Things
They're nice
subject
object
it
it
I don’t w ant this b ook. You can have it.
I don’t w ant these books. You can have them .
Diane never drinks m ilk . She doesn’t like it.
I never go to parties. I don’t like them .
We use m e /h e r /th e m , etc. (object) after a preposition (fo r /to /w ith , etc.):
■ This letter isn’t for m e. It’s for you.
■ W ho is that woman? W hy are you looking at her?
■ W e’re going to the movies. Do you w ant to come w ith us?
■ Sue and Kevin are going to the movies. Do you w ant to go w ith them ?
■ “W here’s the newspaper?” “You’re sitting on it.”
give it/th e m to . . .
■ I w ant that book. Please give it to m e.
■ R obert needs these books. Can you give th em to him , please?
120
my/his/their, etc. —►Unit 61
Give me that book / Give it to me —►Unit 97
they
th em
U N I T £ 0
Exercises
*: 1 Complete the sentences with him/her/them.
1. I don’t know those girls. Do you know th em
?
2. I don’t know that man. Do you k n o w _________ ?
3. I don’t know those people. Do you k n o w __________ ?
4. I don’t know David’s wife. Do you k n o w __________ ?
5. I don’t know Mr. Stevens. Do you k n o w __________ ?
6. I don’t know Sarah’s parents. Do you k n o w __________?
7. I don’t know the w om an in the black coat. Do you k n o w _
I 2 Complete the sentences. Use l/me/you/she/her, etc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
I w ant to see h er, but
sh e
doesn’t w ant to s e e
.
T h ey w ant to see m e, b u t
don’t w ant to s e e __________ .
S he wants to see h im , b u t __________doesn’t w ant to s e e __________ .
We w ant to see th e m , b u t
don’t w ant to s e e __________ .
H e wants to see us, b u t
don’t w ant to s e e __________ .
T h e y w ant to see h er, b u t __________ doesn’t w ant to s e e __________ .
I w ant to see th e m , b u t
don’t w ant to s e e __________ .
You w ant to see h er, b u t __________doesn’t w ant to s e e __________ .
50.3 W rite se n te n c e s b eg in n in g / l ik e . . . , / don't l i k e . . . , o r Do you l ik e . . . ?
1. I don’t eat tomatoes. / don't
like th em .
2. George is a very nice man. I lik e _________________________ .
3. This jacket isn’t very nice. I don’t _________________________ .
4. This is my new car. D o _________________________ ?
5. Mrs. Clark is not very friendly. I _________________________ .
6. These are my new sh o es.
?
50 4 C o m p lete th e se n te n c e s. Use l / m e / h e / h i m , etc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
W ho is that woman? W hy are you looking at h e r ?
“Do you know that man?” “Yes, I w ork w ith __________ .”
W here are the tickets? I can’t f in d __________ .
I can’t find my keys. W here a r e __________ ?
W e’re going out. You can come w i t h __________ .
I have a new computer. Do you w ant to s e e __________?
M aria likes m u sic.__________ plays the piano.
I don’t like dogs. I’m afraid o f __________ .
I’m talking to you. Please listen t o
.
W here is Anna? I w ant to talk t o __________ .
You can have these DVDs. I don’t w a n t__________.
My brother has a new job, b u t __________ doesn’t lik e ___________ very much.
50.5 C o m p lete th e se n te n c e s.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I need that book. Can you g<ve ^ ___m e __?
He wants the key. Can you g iv e ____________________ ?
She wants the keys. Can y o u ____________________ ?
I w ant that letter. Can y o u ____________________ ?
They w ant the money. Can y o u ____________________ ?
W e w ant the photos. Can y o u ____________________ ?
121
my/his/their#etc.
k
our umbrella
my umbrella
I
we
you
he
she
they
it
my
our
your
his
her
their
-►
-►
-►
-►
-►
—► its
I
We
You
He
She
T hey
your umbrella
like
like
like
likes
likes
like
my
our
your
his
her
th eir
his umbrella
her umbrella
house.
house.
house.
house.
house.
house.
Hawaii (= it) is famous for its beaches.
W e use m y /y o u r /h is , etc. + noun:
m y hands
our cloth es
his new car
you r best friend
her parents
th eir ro o m
h is /h e r /th e ir
''I-- : ■
■
Andy
Mr. and
Mrs. Lee
his bicycle
their son
her husband
(= Donna’s
husband)
his sister
their daughter
her children
(= Donna’s
children)
his parents
their children
Donna
her
E
its and it’s
its
it’s (= it is)
Hawaii is famous for its beaches.
I like Hawaii. It’s a beautiful place. (= It is a beautiful place.)
mine/yours, etc. —►Unit 62
l/me/my/mine —►Unit 63
their umbrella
U N I
xercises
Complete the sentences in the same way.
1. I’m going to wash m y hands
2. She’s going to wash _
3. W e’re going to wash .
.
hands.
4. H e’s going to w a sh ___
5. T h ey ’re going to wash _
6. Are you going to wash .
Complete the sentences in the same way.
1. He lives w ith his p a r e n ts
2. T hey live w i t h __________________ parents.
3. W e _____________________________parents.
4. Jane liv es______________________________ .
5.
6.
7.
8.
I
John.
Do you liv e __
M ost children .
. parents.
Look at the family tree, and complete the sentences with his/her/their.
1.
I saw Sarah w ith h e r
husband, Philip.
2. I saw Laura and Steve w i t h ________ children.
3. I saw Steve w i t h _______ wife, Laura.
4. I saw Gary w i t h _______ brother, Tim .
5. I saw Laura w i t h ______ brother, Tim .
6. I saw Sarah and Philip w i t h _______ son, Tim .
7.__ I saw Laura w i t h ______ parents.
8. I saw B eth and R obert w i t h _______ parents.
Beth
Robert
4 4 Write my/our/your/his/her/their/its.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Do you like y o u r job?
I know Mr. W atson, but I don’t k n o w _____________ wife.
Alice and Tom live in San F rancisco._____________ son lives in Mexico.
W e’re going to have a party. W e’re going to invite a ll_____________ friends.
Anna is going out w ith _____________ friends tonight.
I like tennis. It’s _____________ favorite sport.
“Is th a t _____________ car?” “N o, I don’t have a car.”
I w ant to call Maria. Do you k n o w _____________ phone num ber?
Do you think m ost people are happy w ith ____________jobs?
I’m going to w a s h ____________ hair before' I go out.
This is a beautiful tre e .
leaves are a beautiful color.
Jo h n has a brother and a sister.
brother is 25, a n d
sister is 21.
1.5 Complete the sentences. Use my/his/their, etc. with these words:
coat
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
h o m ew o rk
h ou se
husband
jo b
key
n am e
Jim doesn’t like his j o b . It’s
not very interesting.
I can’t get in. I don’t h a v e ______________________ .
Sally is m a rrie d ._______________________ works in a bank.
Please take o f f
and sit down.
“W hat are the children doing?” “They’re d o in g _______________________ .”
“Do you know that man?” “Yes, but I don’t k n o w _______________________ .”
We live on M ain S treet.
is on the corner of M ain and First.
Whose is this?
It's mine/yours/hers, etc.
yours
ours
mine
hers
his
theirs
I 10): wjjsBis- r
/ / / *§
| p
I
we
you
he
she
they
-►
-►
-►
my
our
your
his
her
their
|
-►
-►
-►
-►
f
m in e
ours
yours
his
hers
theirs
i
It’s m y
It’s our
It’s your
It’s his
It’s her
It’s th eir
t
money.
money.
money.
money.
money.
money.
It’s m in e.
It’s ours.
It’s yours.
It’s his.
It’s hers.
It’s theirs.
We use m y /y o u r, etc. + noun (m y hands / your b ook, etc.):
■ M y hands are cold.
■ Is this your book?
■ H elen gave me her um brella.
■ It’s th eir prob lem , not our p roblem .
We use m in e/y o u rs, etc. w ithout a noun:
■ Is this book m in e or yours? (= my book or your book)
■ I didn’t have an umbrella, so H elen gave me hers. (= her umbrella)
■ It’s their problem , not ours. (= not our problem )
■ W e w ent in our car, and they w ent in theirs. (= their car)
You can use his w ith or w ithout a noun:
■ “Is this his cam era or hers?” “It’s h is.”
A friend o f m in e / a friend o f his / some friends o f yours, etc.
■ I w ent to the movies w ith a friend o f m in e, (not a friend of me)
■ Tom was in the restaurant w ith a friend o f his. (not a friend o f him)
■ Are those people friends o f yours? (not friends o f you)
W hose . . . ?
■ W hose b o o k is this? (= Is it your book?
his book? my book?, etc.)
Whose book
is this?
You can use w h ose w ith or w ithout a noun:
W hose m o n ey is this?
It’s mine.
W hose is this?
W hose shoes are these?
| They’re John’s.
W hose are these?
i
my/his/their, etc. —►Unit 61
l/me/my/mine —►Unit 63
Kate's camera / my brother's car —►Unit 65
ski
/'—
a a
a
Exercises
i2 1 Complete the sentences with mine/yours, etc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
It’s your money. It’s y o u rs
. 5. It’s their house. It’s ________
It’s my bag. It’s _______________________ . 6. T h ey ’re your books. T h ey ’re
It’s our car. It’s _______________________ . 7. T h ey ’re my glasses. T hey’re .
T h ey ’re her shoes. T h ey ’r e _____________. 8. It’s his coat. It’s ___________
E2 2 Choose the right word.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
It’s th e ir/ theirs problem , not our /o u rs , (their and ours are right)
This is a nice camera. Is it your/yours?
T hat’s not m y/m ine umbrella. M y/M ine is black.
W hose books are these? Your/Yours or my /m in e ?
C atherine is going out w ith h er/h ers friends tonight.
M y/M ine room is bigger than h e r/h e rs .
They’ve got two children, but I don’t know their/theirs names.
Can we use your washing machine? O u r/O u rs isn’t working.
E2 3 Complete these sentences. Use friend(s) o f mine /yours, etc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
I w ent to the movies w ith a fr ie n d o f m ine_____________________________
They w ent on vacation w ith some frien d s o f th eirs_____________________
She’s going out w ith a __________________________________________________
We had dinner w ith s o m e ______________________________________________
I played tennis w ith a __________________________________________________
Tom is going to m eet a _________________________________________________
Do you know those people? Are th e y ____________________________________
11 4 Look at the pictures. What are the people saying?
U N I
I/me/my/mine
I can see him, but
he can't see me.
You give me your
phone number, and
I'll give you mine.
I, etc.
( - Unit 60)
i S l
111111
m e, etc.
(-+ U nit 60)
my, etc.
(-► Unit 61)
m in e, etc.
(-+ U nit 62)
I know Tom.
Tom knows m e.
It’s m y car.
It’s m in e.
We know Tom.
Tom knows us.
It’s our car.
It’s ours.
You know Tom.
Tom knows you.
It’s your car.
It’s yours.
H e knows Tom.
Tom knows him .
It’s his car.
It’s his.
She knows Tom.
Tom knows her.
It’s her car.
It’s hers.
T hey know Tom.
Tom knows them .
It’s th eir car.
It’s theirs.
/ f m
Study
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
these examples:
“D o you know that m an?” “Yes, I know h im , but I can’t rem em ber his n am e.”
She was very happy because w e invited her to stay w ith us at our house.
A: W here are the children? Have you seen them ?
B: Yes, th ey are playing w ith th eir friends in the park.
T hat’s m y pen. Can you give it to m e, please?
“Is this your hat?” “No, it’s yours.”
H e didn’t have an umbrella, so she gave h im hers. (= she gave her um brella to him)
I ’m going out w ith a friend of m in e tonight, (not a friend o f me)
myself/yourself, etc. —►Unit 64
Give me that book / Give it to me —►Unit 97
Ill
<ercises
3 1 Answer the questions in the same way.
Yes, / k n o w him, b u t / c a n 't
re m e m b e r his n a m e .
Yes, I k n o w .
mm pmlipr
., but I can’t
53 2 Complete the sentences in the same way.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
We invited her to s ta y w ith us a t our house .
He invited us to stay w ith
at his house.
They invited m e to stay w ith _________________________________________house.
I invited them to stay _________________________________________house.
She invited us to stay _________________________________________house.
Did you invite h i m _________________________________________house?
53 3 Complete the sentences in the same way.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
I gave him m y
address, and h e g a v e m e his .
I gave her m y
address, and she gave m e _______________________ .
H e gave m e his
address, and I gave
W e gave th e m ________ address, and they gave .
She gave h i m
address, and he gave :__
You gave u s
address, and we g av e____
They gave y o u ________ address, and you gave _
? 3.4 Write him! h er Iyours, etc.
W h ere’s Amanda? Have you seen h e r
?
W here are my keys? W here did I p u t _____________ ?
This letter is for Bill. Can
you give it t o __________ ?
We don’t s e e n eighbors much. They’re not at hom e very often.
“I can’t find my pen. Can I u s e _____________ ?” “Sure.”
W e’re going to the movies. W hy don’t you come w ith _____________ ?
D id your sister p a ss_________driver’s test?
Some people talk a b o u t____________ jobs all the time.
Last night I w ent out for dinner w ith a friend o f _____________ .
_
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
myself/yourself/themselves, etc.
Help yourself!
i
H e’s looking at h im self.
I
he
she
-►
-►
-►
you
we
they
me
h im
her
you
-►
-►
us
th em
m y s e lf
h im s e lf
h e r se lf
r y o u r se lf
1 yourselves
-► ourselves
them selves
-►
-►
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
I looked at m y se lf in the mirror.
H e cut h im s e lf w ith a knife.
She fell off her bike, but she didn’t hurt h e r se lf
Please help y o u r se lf (one person)
Please help yourselves, (two or more people)
We had a good vacation. We enjoyed ourselves.
They had a nice time. T hey enjoyed them selves.
Com pare:
m e /h im /th e m , etc.
She is looking at h im .
m y se lf/h im se lf/th e m se lv e s, etc.
i H e is looking at h im s e lf .
the same person
different people
You never talk to m e.
I didn’t pay for them .
I’m sorry. D id I hurt you?
Sometimes I talk to m y se lf
They paid for them selves.
Be careful. D on’t hurt yourself.
by m y s e lf / by y o u r se lf etc. = alone:
■ I w ent on vacation by m y s e lf (= I w ent alone)
■ “Was she w ith friends?” “No, she was by h e r s e lf”
each oth er
■ Kate and H elen are good friends. They know each oth er well.
(= Kate knows H elen / H elen knows Kate)
■ Paul and I live near each other. (= he lives near me / I live near him)
Com pare each oth er and -selves:
Tim and Sue looked at each other.
(= he looked at her, she looked at him)
me/him/them, etc. —►Unit 60
Tim and Sue looked at them selves.
(= he looked at himself, she looked
at herself)
UJ
u N1T64
<ercises
- 1 Complete the sentences with m yself/yourself, etc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
He looked at h im s e lf in the mirror.
I’m not angry w ith you. I’m angry w i t h _________________
Karen had a good tim e in Brazil. She en jo y ed ___________
My friends had a good tim e in Brazil. They en jo y ed _____
I picked up a very hot plate and b u rn e d ________________
He never thinks about other people. H e only thinks about
I w ant to know m ore about you. Tell me a b o u t_________
Good-bye! Have a good trip and take care o f ____________
. (one person)
! (two people)
■
a2 Write sentences with b y m yself / b y yourself, etc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I w ent on vacation alone.
W hen I saw him, he was alone.
D on’t go out alone.
I w ent to the movies alone.
My sister lives alone.
Many people live alone.
/ w e n t on vacation b y m y se lf.
W hen I saw him. he
D on’t
I
My sister
M anv people
i- 3 Write sentences with each other.
- 4 Complete the sentences. Use:
each other or ourselves/yourselves/them selves
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
or
us/you/them
Paul and I live near each o th e r .
W ho are those people? Do you know th em ?
You can help Tom, and Tom can help you. So you and Tom can h e lp ________________
T here’s food in the kitchen. If you and Chris are hungry, you can h e lp _______________
We didn’t go to Linda’s party. She didn’t in v ite ____________________ .
W hen we go on vacation, we always en jo y ____________________ .
M ary and Jane w ent to school together, but they never s e e ____________________ now.
Diane and I are very good friends. W e’ve k n o w n
for a long time.
“Did you see Sam and Laura at the party?” “Yes, but I didn’t speak t o ______________
Many people talk t o
w hen they’re alone.
129
-'s (Kate's camera / my brother's car, etc.)
My camera
MANAGER
My brother
my brother’s car
(his car)
K ate’s camera
(her camera)
the m anager’s office
(his or her office)
We norm ally use -’s for people:
■ I stayed at m y sister’s house. (not the house o f my sister)
■ Have you m et Mr. B lack ’s wife? (not the wife of Mr. Black)
S Are you going to Jam es’s party?
■ Paul is a m a n ’s name. Paula is a w o m a n ’s name.
You can use -’s w ithout a noun after it:
■ Sophie’s hair is longer than K ate’s. (= Kate’s hair)
■ “W hose um brella is this?” “It’s m y m o th e r’s.” (= my m other’s umbrella)
■ “W here were you last night?” “I was at P aul’s.” (= Paul’s house)
frien d ’s and frien d s’
Our house
my frien d ’s house = one friend
(= his house or her house)
my frien d s’ house = two or morefriends
(= th eir house)
We w rite ’s after
fr ie n d /stu d e n t/m o th e r , etc. (singular):
my m other’s car (one mother)
my father’s car (onefather)
W e w rite ’ after
friends/students/parents, etc. (plural):
my parents’ car (two parents)
We use o f . . . for things, places, etc.:
■ Look at the ro o f o f that b u ild in g . (not that building’s roof)
■ W e didn’t see the beginning o f the m ovie. (not the m ovie’s beginning)
M W hat’s the nam e o f this town?
■ Do you know the cause o f the problem ?
■ You can sit in the back o f the car.
■ M adrid is the capital o f Spain.
mine/yours, etc. —►Unit 62
whose . . . ? —►Unit 62
-'s (he's / Kate's, etc.) —►Appendix 4.5
u NI
•ercises
T
65
: 1 Look at the family tree. Complete the sentences about the people in the family.
Blanca
Pedro
Alberto
Julia
s
I
Paul
fw** Dam
Daniel
Blanca and Pedro are married.
They have a son, Alberto, and a daughter, Julia.
Julia is married to Paul.
Julia and Paul have a son, Daniel.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Pedro is
s husband.
m
o th er
Julia is D aniel’s .
Blanca i s ______
. wife.
A lberto is Julia’s _
A lberto i s _______
. uncle.
Julia i s __________
. wife.
Blanca is D aniel’s .
Julia is A lberto’s _
Paul i s __________
. husband.
Paul is D aniel’s .
D aniel i s _____
. nephew.
2 Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use one word only.
Jane
W hose is this?
3.
A lic e s
2.
\
W hose is this?
4.
.3 Are these sentences OK? Change them where necessary.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
I stayed at the house of my sister.
W hat is the nam e of this village?
Do you like the color o f this coat?
Do you know the phone num ber of Sim on?
The job o f my brother is very interesting.
W rite your nam e at the top of the page.
For me, m orning is the best part of the day.
The favorite color of Paula is blue.
W hen is the birthday o f your m o th er?
The house o f my parents isn’t very big.
The walls o f this house are very thin.
The car stopped at the end of the street.
Are you going to the party o f Sylvia next week?
The m anager o f the hotel is not here right now.
m y sister's house
OK
131
a/an
H e has a camera.
a...
■
■
■
H
She’s waiting for a taxi.
It’s a beautiful day.
= one thing or person:
Rachel works in a bank. (not in bank)
Can I ask a question? (not ask question)
I don’t have a com pu ter.
T here’s a w om an at the bus stop.
an (not a) before a / e / i /o / u :
■ Do you w ant an apple or a banana?
■ I’m going to buy a hat and an um brella.
■ There was an interesting program on TV last night.
also
but
an h our (h is not pronounced: anj^our)
a u niversity (pronounced yuniversity)
a E uropean country (pronounced yuropean)
another (= an + other) is one word:
■ Can I have another cup o f coffee?
We use a /an . . . w hen we say w hat a thing or a person is. For example:
■ The sun is a star.
■ Football is a gam e.
■ Dallas is a city in Texas.
■ A m ouse is an anim al. It’s a sm all anim al.
■ Joe is a very n ice person.
W e use a /an . . . for jobs, etc.:
■ A: W hat do you do?
B: I’m a dentist. (not I’m dentist)
■ “W hat does M ark do?” “H e’s an en gin eer.”
■ W ould you like to be a teacher?
■ Beethoven was a com poser.
■ Picasso was a fam ous painter.
■ Are you a student?
a car / some money (countable/uncountable) —►Units 68-69
a/an and the —►Unit 70
U N I
5*6.1 Write a or an.
1.
&n
old book
2. _______ w indow
3. _______ horse
4.________ airport
5.________ new airport
6.________ organization
7.
university
8.________ hour
9.
econom ic problem
:6 2 What are these things? Choose from the box.
bird
p la n et
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
flo w e r
river
fru it
to o l
A duck is a b ir d
A carrot is
Tennis is
A ham m er is
Everest is
gam e
vegetab le
m o u n ta in
m u sica l in stru m en t
.
.
.
.
.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Saturn is
A banana is
T he A m azon is
A rose is
A tru m p et is
3 What are their jobs? Choose from the box and complete the sentences.
a rch itect
p h o to g ra p h er
d en tist
sales clerk
elec tric ia n
ta x i driver
1.
She's a dentist.
2. H e’s __________________________________
3. S h e___________________________________
4. ______________________________________
nurse
5. __________________________________
6.___________________________________
7.___________________________________
8. And you? I’m _____________________
5 5.4 Write sentences. Choose from the two boxes. Use a/an where necessary.
4-w ant to ask you
T om never w ears
I can ’t rid e
My b roth er is
1.
2.
R eb ecca w orks in
Jane w ants to learn
M ik e lives in
T o n ig h t I’m g o in g to
old h ou se
p arty
o ffic e
hat
artist
-qu esti o nfo reig n lan gu age
b icycle
/ w a n t to ask you a question.________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
train(s)
bus(es) (singular and plural)
The plural of a noun is usually -s:
singular (= one)
a flower
a train
one week
a nice place
this student
MHT
—► plural (= two or more)
some flow ers
two trains
a few w eeks
some nice places
these students
■
flower
some flow ers
Spelling (see Appendix 5):
-s / -sh / -ch / -x —►-es
also
y —►-ies
but -ay / -ey / -oy —► -ys
mhmn
I f /" - f e
ves
bus —►buses
dish —►dishes
church —►churches
box —►boxes
potato —►potatoes
tom ato —►tom atoes
baby —►babies
dictionary —►dictionaries
p arty —►parties
day —►days
m onkey —►m onkeys
boy —►boys
sh elf —►shelves
knife —►knives
w ife ■ wives
■■■■
ll®
■ I
scissors
glasses
■ Do you wear glasses?
■ W here are the scissors? I need them .
You can also say a pair o f scissors / a pair o f pants / a pair o f pajamas, etc.:
M I need a new pair o fjea n s. or I need som e new jeans. (not a new jeans)
Some plurals do not end in -s:
this m an —►these m en
a w o m a n —►some w o m en
a ch ild —►many ch ildren
one fo o t —►two feet
a to o th —►all my teeth
a m ou se —►some m ice
that sheep —►those sheep
a fish —►a lot of fish
also a person —►tw o p eo p le / som e p eo p le / a lo t o f p eop le, etc.:
■ She’s a nice person.
but ■ They are nice people, (not nice persons)
P eop le is plural (= they), so we say p eo p le are / p eo p le have, etc.:
■ A lo t o f p eo p le speak English, (not speaks)
■ I like the p eo p le here. T hey are very friendly.
P o lice is plural:
■ T he p o lic e w ant to talk to anybody who saw the accident, (not The police wants)
3
U N I T
xercises
7 1 Write the plural.
1.
2.
3.
4.
flower
boat
w om an
citv
flo w e r s
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
um brella
address
knife
sandwich
family
foot
holiday
potato
' 2 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
1. T here are a lot o f sh e e p in the field.
2. G ary is brushing h i s __________ .
3. T here are t h r e e __________ at the bus stop.
4. Lucy has t w o _________________.
5. T here are a lot o f
in the river.
6. T h e __________ are falling from the tree.
~ 3 Are these sentences OK? Change the sentences where necessary.
1. I’m going to buy some flowers.
2. I need (an ew jeans).
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
_______ _________________________
/ n e e d a n e w p a ir o f je a n s.
OR
/ n e e d so m e n e w je a n s.______________
It’s a lovely park w ith a lot of beautiful tree.
___________
There was a wom an in the car w ith two mens. ___________
Sheep eat grass.______________________________ ___________
David is m arried and has three childs.__________ ___________
M ost of my friend are student.____________________________
He p ut on his pajama and w ent to bed._________ ___________
We w ent fishing, but we didn’t catch m any fish. ___________
Do you know many persons in this town?
___________
I like your pant. W here did you get it?
___________
M ontreal is usually full of tourist.
___________
I don’t like mice. I’m afraid o f them .
___________
This scissor isn’t very sharp.
___________
7.4 Which is right? Complete the sentences.
1. It’s a nice place. M any people g o there on vacation.
2. Some p e o p le _______________always late.
3. T he new city hall is not a very beautiful building. M ost
p e o p le _______________ like it.
4. A lot o f p e o p le _______________ television every day.
5. T h ree p e o p le
injured in the accident.
6. H ow m any p e o p le
in that house?
7. _______________ the police know the cause o f the explosion?
8. T he p o lic e _______________looking for the stolen car.
9. I need my glasses, but I can’t f in d _______________ .
10. I’m going to b u y _______________ new jeans today.
go or goes?
is or are?
d o n ’t or d o esn ’t?
w atch or watches?
was or were?
liv e or lives?
D o or D oes?
is or are?
it or them ?
a or some?
a bottle / some water
(countable/uncountable 1)
A noun can be countable or uncountable.
C ountable nouns
For example: (a) car
(a) m an
(a) b o ttle
(a) h ouse
(a) key
(an) idea
(an) accid en t
You can use o n e /tw o /th r e e , etc. + countable nouns (you can count them ):
three m en
two b ottles
one b o ttle
four houses
Countable nouns can be singular (= one) or plural (= two or more):
r ft a/ % ft/ - 1
Singular
Plural
a car
cars
the car
tw o cars
m y car, etc.
the cars som e cars
m any cars, etc.
I’ve got a car.
N ew cars are very expensive.
There aren’t m any cars in the parking lot.
You can’t use the singular (ca r/b o ttle/k ey , etc.) alone. You need a/an:
9 W e can’t get into the house w ithout a key. (not w ithout key)
U ncountable nouns
For example: w ater
air
rice
salt
p lastic
m o n ey
m u sic
tennis
't
m o n ey
m u sic
You can’t say o n e /tw o /th r e e , etc. + these things:
one w ater--
U ncountable nouns have only one form:
m o n ey the m o n ey my m o n ey some m o n ey
m uch m on ey, etc.
two music
■ I have som e m oney.
■ T here isn’t m u ch m o n ey in the box.
■ M o n ey isn’t everything.
You can’t use a/an + uncountable nouns:
X m oney
X in u sic
X w ater
B ut you can say a p iece o f . . . / a b o ttle o f . . . , etc. + uncountable noun:
a b o ttle o f w ater
a p iece o f cheese
a b o w l o f rice
a/an —►Unit 66
a carton o f milk
a b o ttle o f perfum e
a cup o f coffee
a bar o f soap
a p iece o f music
a gam e o f tennis
countable/uncountable 2 —►Unit 69
n f
: zeroises
u
n
i
fi: 4 What are these things? Some are countable and some are uncountable. Write a/an if
necessary. The names of these things are:
b ucket
sand
It’s
eg g
sp o o n
s a lt
en velop e
tooth b ru sh
It’s.
m o n ey
tooth p a ste
p itch er
w a llet
s tilt
w ater
• spoon
: 5,2 Some of these sentences are OK, but some need a/an. Write a/an where necessary.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
I don’t have watch, a w a tc h
Do you like cheese? . O K
I never w ear h a t .___
Are you looking for jo b ? __
Kate doesn’t eat m e a t.____
6 Kate eats apple every day. _
7. I’m going to p arty to n ig h t..
M usic is w onderful thing. _
1.
2
3.
4.
5.
.
.
Jam aica is isla n d ._____
I don’t need k e y ._____
Everybody needs fo o d ..
I’ve got good id e a .____
C an you drive car?
Do you w ant cup of coffee?____
I don’t like coffee w ithout m ilk.
D on’t go out w ithout c o a t._____
58.3 What are these things? Write a .. . o f ... for each picture. Use the words in the boxes.
bar
cup
lo a f
1.
bow l
glass
p iece
bread
paper
tea
c a rto n
jar
p iece
a c a rto n o f m ilk
. ________________
4.
5.
3. _____________________
6.
2
h on ey
soap
w ater
soup
w ood
137
a cake / some cake / some cakes
(countable/uncountable 2)
a /a n and som e
a /a n + singular countable nouns (ca r/a p p le/sh o e, etc.):
■ I need a new car.
H W ould you like an apple?
an apple
so m e + plural countable nouns (cars/ap p les/sh oes, etc.):
■ I need som e new shoes.
■ W ould you like som e apples?
som e apples
so m e + uncountable nouns (w a te r /m o n e y /m u sic , etc.):
■ I need som e water.
■ W ould you like som e cheese?
(or W ould you like a p iece o f cheese?)
som e cheese or
a p iece o f cheese
Com pare a and som e:
■ Nicole bought a hat, som e shoes, and som e perfum e.
■ I read a new spaper, made som e p h o n e calls, and listened to som e m usic.
som e cakes
som e cake or a p iece o f cake
som e chickens
som e ch ick en or a p iece o f chick en
a cake
U
a chicken
Com pare a paper (= a newspaper) and som e paper:
■ I w ant som ething to read. I’m going to buy a paper.
but ■ I w ant to make a shopping list. I need som e paper / a p iece o f paper, (not a paper)
Be careful with:
advice
bread
fu rniture
hair
in fo rm a tio n
new s
w eather
w ork
These nouns are usually uncountable. So you can’t say a/an . . . ( a bread, an advice ) and
they can’t be plural ( advices? furnitures^ etc.).
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
M
Can I talk to you? I need som e advice, (not an advice)
I’m going to buy som e bread, (not a bread)
They’ve got som e very nice fu rn itu re in their house, (notfurnitures)
Sylvia has very long hair, (not hairs)
I’d like som e in fo rm a tio n about hotels in Mexico City,(notinformations)
Listen! I’ve got som e good news, (not a good news)
It’s nice w eather today, (not a nice weather)
“Do you like your job?” “Yes, but it’s hard w ork.” (notahard work)
We say a jo b (but not a work):
ffl I’ve got a new job . (not a new work)
countable/uncountable 1 —►Unit 68
some and any —►Unit 77
Exercises
What did you buy? Use the pictures to write sentences (/ b o u g h t. . .).
1. / bought som e perfum e, a h a t a n d som e shoes.___________________________
2. I b o u g h t_______________________________________________________ _________
3. __________________________________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________ _________________
2 Write sentences with Would you like a . . . ? or Would you like some . . . ?
1.
W ould y o u like so m e c h e e se
? 4. ___________________________________
2. W ould you li k e ______________________ ? 5. ___________________________________
3. W o u ld ______________________________ ? 6. ___________________________________
: 9.3 Write a/an or som e.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
I read a book and listened to so m e music.
I n e e d ________ money. I w ant to b u y ________ food.
W e m e t ________ interesting people at the party.
I’m going to o p e n ________window to g e t ________ fresh air.
Rachel didn’t eat m uch for lunch - o n ly
apple a n d ________bread.
We live i n
big house. T here’s
nice yard_w ith ________ beautiful trees.
I’m going to make a table. First I n e e d ________ wood.
Listen to me carefully. I’m going to give y o u ________ advice.
I w ant to w rite a letter. I n e e d
paper a n d ________ pen.
59.4 Which is right?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
I’m going to buy some new shoe / shoes,(shoes is
right)
M ark has brow n eye / eyes.
Paula has short black hair / hairs.
The tour guide gave us some inform ation / inform ations about the city.
W e’re going to buy some new chair / chairs.
W e’re going to buy some new furniture / furnitures.
It’s hard to find a w ork / job these days.
W e had w onderful w eather / a w onderful w eather w hen we were on vacation.
U N I T
a/an and the
a/an
the
Can you open
the w indow ?
Can you open
a w indow ?
There are three windows here,
a window = w indow 1 or 2 or 3
There is only one window here the window.
I have a car.
(there are m any cars and I have one)
Can I ask a question?
(there are many questions - can I ask one?)
Is there a h o tel near here? (there are
many hotels - is there one near here?)
Paris is an in terestin g city, (there are
many interesting cities and Paris is one)
Lisa is a student.
(there are many students and Lisa is one)
I’m going to wash the car tomorrow.
(= my car)
Can you repeat the question, please?
(= the question that you asked)
We enjoyed our vacation. T he h o tel was
very nice. (= our hotel)
Paris is the capital o f France.
(there is only one capital of France)
Lisa is the you n gest stu d en t in her
class, (there is only one youngest
student in her class)
Com pare a and the:
I bought a jack et and a shirt . T he jack et was cheap, but th e shirt was expensive
(= th e jacket and the shirt that I bought)
We say the . . . w hen it is clear which thing or person we mean. For example:
the d oor / the ce ilin g / the flo o r / the carpet / the light, etc. (of a room)
the r o o f / the backyard / the k itch en / the bathroom , etc. (of a house)
the airport / the p o lic e station / the bus station / the m ayor’s office, etc. (of a city)
“W here’s Tom?” “In the k itch en .”
(= the kitchen of this house or apartm ent)
Turn off the lig h t and close the door.
(= the light and the door o f the room)
Do you live far from th e airport?
(= the airport of your town)
I’d like to speak to the m anager, please.
(= the m anager o f this store, etc.)
a/an —►Unit 66
the —►Units 71-74
U N !
Exercises
'0.1 Write a/an or the.
1. W e enjoyed our trip.
The hotel was very nice.
2. “Can I ask a question?” “Sure. W hat do you w ant to know?”
3. You look very tired. You n e e d ________ vacation.
4. “W h ere’s Tom?” “H e’s i n _______ kitchen.”
5. Eve i s
interesting person. You should m eet her.
6. A: Excuse me, can you tell me how to get t o
post office?
B: Yes, go straight and then ta k e _______ next left.
7. A: Let’s go and s e e ________ movie tonight.
B: OK, that’s _______ good idea.
8. It’s _______ nice m orning. Let’s go f o r ________ walk.
9. Amanda i s ________ student. W hen she finishes school, she wants to b e _______ journalist.
She lives w ith two friends i n _________ apartm ent n e a r ______ college w here she is
studying._______ apartm ent is small, but she likes it.
10. Peter and M ary have two ch ild ren ,
boy a n d _______ g irl.________ boy is seven
years old, a n d _______ girl is three. Peter works i n ________ factory. M ary doesn’t have
_______ jo b outside the hom e right now.
' 3.2 Complete the sentences. Use a or the + these words:
a irp o rt
cup
d ic tio n a ry
M oor
flo o r
p ictu re
3 These sentences are not correct. Put in a/an or the where necessary.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
D o n ’t forget to (^urn off ligh^w h en you go out.
turn o f f th e lig h t
Enjoy your trip, and don’t forget to send me postcard.
__________________
W hat is nam e o f this town?
__________________
Canada is very big country.
__________________
W hat is largest city in Canada?
__________________
I like this room , but I don’t like color o f carpet.
__________________
“Are you O K ?” “No, I’ve got headache.”________________________________
We live in old house near station.
__________________
W hat is nam e o f director o f movie we saw last night?
__________________
U N I T
71
the
We use the w hen it is clear w hich thing or person we mean:
■ W hat is the nam e of this street? (there is only one name)
■ W ho is the best player on your team? (there is only one best player)
■ Can you tell me the tim e, please? (= the time now)
■ My office is on the first floor. (= the first floor o f the building)
D o n ’t forget the:
■ Do you live near the airport? (not near airport)
■ Excuse me, w here is the nearest bank? (not w here
is n e a re s t...)
the sam e . . .
■ We live on the sam e street, (not on same street)
■ “Are these two books different?” “N o, they’re the
sam e.”(not they’re same)
We say:
the sun / the m o o n / the w orld / the sky / the ocean / the cou n try
■ T he sky is blue and the sun is shining.
■ Do you live in a city or in the country?
'
the p o lic e / the fire d ep artm en t / the arm y (of a city, country, etc.)
■ My brother is a soldier. H e’s in the army.
■ W hat do you think of the police? D o they do a good job?
the
■
■
■
■
top / the end / the m id d le / the left, etc.
W rite your nam e at the top o f the page.
My house is at the end o f this block.
The table is in the m id d le o f the room.
Do you drive on the righ t or on th e left in your country?
the top
the right
the left
the bottom
(play) the piano / the guitar / the trum pet, etc. (musical instrum ents)
■ Paula is learning to play the piano.
the radio
■ I listen to the radio a lot.
the Internet
■ Do you use the In ternet much?
W e do not use th e with:
te le v isio n /T V
■ I watch T V a lot.
■ W h at’s on telev isio n tonight?
but Can you turn off the television? (= the TV set)
b rea k fa st/lu n ch /d in n er
■ W hat did you have for breakfast? (not the breakfast)
■ D in n er is ready!
n e x t/la st + w e e k /m o n th /y e a r /su m m e r /M o n d a y , etc.
■ I’m not working n ext w eek, (not the next week)
■ Did you take a vacation last sum m er? (not the last summer)
142
a/an and the —►Unit 70
the —►Units 72-74
the oldest / the most expensive, etc. —►Unit 91
U N I T
E <ercises
1 Put in the where necessary. Write OK if the sentence is already correct.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
W hat is nam e o f this street?
th e nam e_______________
W h at’s on television tonight?__________________________ O K ____________________
O u r apartm ent is on second floor.______________________________________________
W ould you like to go to moon?______________________ __________________________
W hat is best hotel in this town?_____________________ __________________________
W hat time is lunch?________________________________ __________________________
H ow far is it to football stadium?____________________ __________________________
W e’re taking a trip at end o f May.____________________ __________________________
W hat are you doing next weekend?__________________ __________________________
I didn’t like her first time I m et her.
__________________________
I’m going out after dinner.
__________________________
Internet is a good place to get inform ation.
__________________________
My sister got m arried last m onth.
__________________________
My dictionary is on top shelf on right.
__________________________
We live in country about 10 miles from nearest town. __________________________
2 Complete the sentences. Use the same + these words:
ag e
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
c o lo r
p ro b le m
-s tre e t
tim e
I live on N o rth Street, and you live on N orth Street. We live on th e sa m e s t r e e t
I arrived at 8:30, and you arrived at 8:30. We arrived a t _________________________
Jim is 25, and Sue is 25. Jim and Sue a r e
__
My shirt is dark blue, and so is my jacket. My shirt and jacket a r e ________________
I have no money, and you have no money. We h a v e _____________________________
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the if necessary.
j U saglack
f Paul Roberts
Ckm’5 Stone
RebeccaW^hon
Sarah tent
*T7mHoWaid
1.
The sun___________________ is shining.
2. She’s p lay in g _________________________ .
3. They’re h av in g _______________________ .
4. H e’s w atch in g __________________________.
5. They’re swimming i n ___________________ .
6. T im ’s name is a t _______________ of the list.
’ # 4 Complete these sentences. Choose from the list. Use the if necessary.
cap ital
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
d in n er
lu n ch
m id d le
n am e
p o lic e
sky
telev isio n
We had d in n er at a restaurant last night.
We stayed at a very nice hotel, but I don’t re m e m b e r_______________________ .
______________________ is very clear tonight. You can see all the stars.
Sometimes there are some good programs o n _______________________ late at night.
stopped me because I was driving too fast.
Tokyo i s ______________________ of Japan.
“W hat did you have f o r ________________________ ?” “A salad.”
I woke up i n ______________________ o f the night.
143
U N I T
72
go to work
go home
go to the movies
■ M m
She’s at w ork.
They’re going to school.
H e’s in bed.
We say:
(go) to w ork, (be) at w ork, start work, finish w ork
■ Bye! I’m g o in g to w ork now. (not to the work)
■ I fin ish w ork at 5:00 every day.
(go) to school, (be) at school, start school, finish school, etc.
■ W hat did you learn at sch ool today? (not at the school)
■ Some children don’t like school.
(go) to co llege, (be) in co lleg e
■ H elen wants to go to c o lleg e w hen she fin ish es h igh school.
■ W hat did you study in college?
(go) to class, (be) in class
■ I can’t talk now. I have to go to class.
■ I’ll be in class until 5:00 today. I’ll call you w hen I get out.
(go) to p riso n /ja il, (be) in p riso n /ja il
■ W hy is he in prison? W hat did he do?
(go) to church, (be) in /a t church
■ David usually goes to church on Sundays.
(go) to bed, (be) in bed
■ I’m tired. I’m g o in g to bed. (not to the bed)
■ “W h ere’s Jane?” “She’s in b ed.”
(go) h om e, (be) (at) h om e, etc.
■ I’m tired. I’m g o in g h om e, (not to home)
■ Are you going out tonight, or are you staying hom e? (or staying at hom e)
We say:
(go to) the m ovies / the theater / the bank / the p ost o ffic e / the
the station /th e airport
■ I never go to the theater, but I go to the m ovies a lot.
■ “Are you going to the bank?” “No, to the p ost o ffic e.”
■ The num ber 5 bus goes to the airport; the num ber 8 goes to
the train station.
(go to) the doctor, the d en tist
■ You’re not well. W hy don’t you go to the doctor?
■ I have to go to the d en tist tomorrow.
144
the —►Units 70-71, 73-74
in/at —►Units 107-108
to/in/at —►Unit 109
(at) home —►Unit 109
U N I
Exercises
2.1 Where are these people? Complete the sentences. Sometimes you need the.
1. H e’s in b e d ____________. 3. She’s i n ________________ . 5. They’re at
2. They’re a t _______________. 4. She’s a t ________________ . 6. H e’s i n
'2 2 Complete the sentences. Choose from the list. Use the if necessary.
bank
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
bed
efaurefa
hom e
p ost o ffic e
sch o o l
station
I need to get some money. I have to go to th e bank .
David usually goes to church on Sundays.
In the U nited States, children s ta rt
at the age of five.
There were a lot of people a t _______________________ waiting for the train.
I called you last night, but you w eren’t a t _______________________ .
I’m going t o ______________________ now. Good night!
I’m going t o ______________________ to get some stamps.
'2 3 Complete the sentences. Sometimes you need the.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
If you
If you
If you
If you
If you
If you
If you
w ant to catch a plane, you g o to th e a irp o rt______________________
w ant to see a movie, you go t o ____________________________________
are tired and you w ant to sleep, y o u _______________________________
rob a bank and the police catch you, y o u ___________________________
have a problem w ith your teeth, y o u _______________________________
w ant to study after you finish high school, y o u ______________________
are badly injured in an accident, y o u _______________________________
' 2 4 Are these sentences OK? Correct the sentences where necessary.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
We w ent (fco movies)last night.
to th e m o vies
I finish w ork at 5:00 every day.
O K ____________
Lisa wasn’t feeling well yesterday, so she w ent to doctor. _________________
I wasn’t feeling well this m orning, so I stayed in bed.
_________________
W hy is Angela always late for work?____________________ _________________
“W here are your children?” “They’re at school.”_________________________
We have no m oney in bank.____________________________ _________________
W hen I was younger, I w ent to church every Sunday.
_________________
W hat time do you usually get hom e from work?_________ _________________
Sorry I couldn’t call you back earlier. I was in class._______ _________________
“W here should we m eet?” “At station.”
_________________
Kate takes her children to school every day.______________ _________________
Jim is sick. H e’s in hospital.____________________________ _________________
W ould you like to go to college?_________________________________________
W ould you like to go to theater tonight?________________ _________________
U N I T
I like music.
I hate exams.
I like music
I hate exams.
Do not use the for general ideas:
■ I like m usic, especially classical m usic.
(not the music . . . the classical music)
■ We don’t eat m eat very often, (not the meat)
■ L ife is not possible w ithout water.
(not The life . . . the water)
■ I hate exam s, (not the exams)
■ Do you know w here I can buy foreign newspapers?
■ I’m not very good at w riting letters.
Do not use the for games and sports:
■ My favorite sports are tennis and skiing, (not the tennis . . . the skiing)
Do not use the for languages or school subjects (h isto ry /g eo g r a p h y /p h y sics/b io lo g y , etc.):
■ Do you think E n glish is difficult? (not the English)
■ Tom ’s brother is studying physics and chem istry.
flow ers or the flowers?
Com pare:
146
■ Flow ers are beautiful.
(= flowers in general)
I love your garden.
The flow ers are beautiful.
(= the flowers in your
garden)
■ I don’t like cold weather.
(= cold w eather in general)
T he w eather isn’t very
good today.
(= the w eather today)
■ We don’t eat fish very
often. (= fish in general)
W e had a great meal last
night. T he fish was
excellent.
(= the fish we ate last
night)
■ Are you interested
in history?
(= history in general)
Do you know m uch
about the h istory of
your country?
the —►Units 70-72, 74
U N I T
E<ercises
' 3 1 What do you think about these things?
b ig cities
h o u s e w o rk
c h o c o la te
ja z z
c o m p u te r g a m e s
m useum s
d ogs
p a r tie s
ex a m s
te n n is
Choose seven of these thingsand write sentences with:
I lik e . . .
1.
I d o n ’t lik e . . .
/ hate exams.
OR
I lo v e . . .
/ like exams.
OR
I h a t e ..................i s /a r e a ll r i g h t
Cxam s a re all right, (etc.) ________________
2.
___________
3.
4.
5.
______________
__________
__________________
6.
________
7. ________________________________________________________________________________ ___
8
.
___
’ 3 2 Are you interested in these things? Write sentences with:
I ’m (very) in te re ste d in . . . I k n o w a lo t a b o u t . . .
I ’m n o t in te re ste d in . . .
I k n o w a little a b o u t . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I d o n ’t k n o w m u c h a b o u t . . .
I d o n ’t k n o w a n y th in g a b o u t . .
(history)
I'm v e ry in te re s te d in history. ____________________________________________
(politics) I
_______________________
(sp o rts)_____________________________________________________ _______________________
(a rt)_______________________________________________________________________________
(astronom y)
________________
(econom ics)
__________
73.3 Which is right?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
My favorite sport is football / the football. (football is right)
I like this hotel. Ro oms- / The rooms are very nice. (The rooms is right)
Everybody needs friends / the
friends.
Jane doesn’t go to parties / the
parties very often.
I w ent shopping at the mall this m orning. Stores / The stores were very crowded.
“W h ere’s milk / the m ilk?” “It’s in the fridge.”
I don’t like milk / the m ilk. I never drink it.
“D o you play any sports?” “Yes, I play basketball / the basketball.”
“W hat does your brother do?” “H e sells com puters / the com puters.”
W e w ent for a swim in the river. W ater / The w ater was very cold.
I don’t like swimming in cold w ater / the cold w ater.
Excuse me, can you pass salt / the salt, please?
I like this town. I like people / the people here.
Vegetables / The vegetables are good for you.
Houses / The houses on this street are all the same.
I can’t sing this song. I don’t know words / the w ords.
I enjoy taking pictures / the pictures. It’s my hobby.
Do you w ant to see pictures / the pictures that I took w hen I was on vacation?
English / The English is used a lot in international business / the international business.
M oney / The m oney doesn’t always bring happiness / the happiness.
the . . . (names of places)
Places (continents, countries, states, islands, towns, etc.)
In general we do not use the w ith names of places:
■ Q uebec is a province o f Canada.
■ B angk ok is the capital of Thailand.
■ H aw aii is an island in the Pacific.
■ Peru is in South A m erica.
But we use the in names w ith rep u b lic /sta tes/k in g d o m :
the D om inican R ep u b lic
the C zech R ep u b lic
the U nited States o f America (the USA)
the U nited K in gd om (the UK)
the -s (plural names)
We use the w ith plural names o f countries/islands/m ountains:
the N etherlands
the Hawaiian Islands
the Philippines
the Andes
Seas, rivers, etc.
We use the w ith names o f oceans/seas/rivers/canals:
the Atlantic (Ocean)
the Mediterranean (Sea)
the Nile (River)
the Panama Canal
the Amazon
the Black (Sea)
Places in towns (streets, buildings, etc.)
In general we do not use the w ith names o f streets, squares, etc.:
■ Kevin lives on C entral Avenue.
■ W here is M ain Street, please?
■ T im es Square is in N ew York.
We do not use the w ith names o f airports, stations, universities, and parks.
O ’Hare International Airport
Harvard University
Pennsylvania Station
Yosem ite (National Park)
B ut we use the w ith names o f m ost hotels, museums, theaters, and m onum ents:
the Regent Hotel
the National Theater
the Metropolitan (Museum)
the Odeon (movie theater)
the Taj Mahal
the Lincoln Memorial
the . . . o f . . .
We use the + names w ith . . . o f . .
the M useum o f M odern Art
the Great Wall o f China
the University o f California
the Statue o f Liberty
We say the n orth / the sou th / the east / the w est ( o f . ^ .):
■ I’ve been to the n orth o f Italy, but not to the south.
148
the -► Units 70-73
[th
ercises
u N i t 74
1 Answer these geography questions. Choose from the box. Use The if necessary.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
C a iro
The A tla n tic
is the capital of Egypt.
is betw een Africa and America.
is a country in n o rth ern Europe.
is a river in South America.
is the largest continent in the world.
is the largest ocean.
is a river in Europe.
is a country in East Africa.
is betw een C anada and Mexico.
are m ountains in South America.
is the capital o f Thailand.
are m ountains in central Europe.
is betw een Saudi Arabia and Africa.
is an island in the C aribbean.
are a group o f islands near Florida.
Alps
A m azon
Andes
Asia
A tlan tic
Bahamas
Bangkok
U a ir e
Jamaica
Kenya
Pacific
Red Sea
R hine
Sweden
United States
"4.2 Write the where necessary. If the sentence is already correct, write OK.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Kevin lives on C entral Avenue.
O K _____________________
W e w ent to see a playQit National Theate^).
a t th e N a tio n a l T h ea ter
Have you ever been to China?_____________________ __________________________
Have you ever been to Philippines?________________ __________________________
Have you ever been to south of France?____________ __________________________
Can you tell m e w here W ashington M onum ent is? __________________________
Can you tell m e where H ollywood Boulevard is?
__________________________
Can you tell m e w here M useum of A rt is?__________ __________________________
Europe is bigger than Australia.____________________ __________________________
Belgium is smaller than N etherlands.
__________________________
W hich river is longer - Mississippi or Nile?
__________________________
D id you go to N ational Gallery w hen you were
__________________________
in W ashington?
W e stayed at Park H otel near C entral Park.
__________________________
H ow far is it from Times Square to
__________________________
Kennedy Airport?
Rocky M ountains are in N orth America.
__________________________
Texas is famous for oil and cowboys.
__________________________
I hope to go to U nited Kingdom next year._________ __________________________
M ary comes from west o f Ireland.
__________________________
Alan is a student at University o f Michigan.
__________________________
Panama Canal joins Atlantic O cean and____________ __________________________
Pacific Ocean.
— Additional exercises 33-34 (pages 261-262)
149
U N I T
this/that/these/those
this (singular)
these (plural)
that (singular)
Do you like
These flowers
Do you like
this picture?
are for you.
that picture?
u
this picture
(= this picture here)
these flowers
(= these flowers here)
those (plural)
Who are
those people?
jy
that
th ose
o
A
that picture
(= that picture there)
those people
(= those people there)
W e use this / that / these / th ose w ith a noun (this p ictu re / th ose girls, etc.) or w ithout a no:
■
■
■
■
This h o tel is expensive, but it’s very nice.
“W h o ’s that girl?” “I don’t know.”
Do you like these shoes? I bought them last week.
T hose apples look nice. Can I have one?
with a noun
This is a nice hotel, but it’s very expensive.
“Excuse me, is this your bag?” “O h yes, thank you.”
W h o ’s that? (= W ho is that person?)
W hich shoes do you like better - these or those?
without a noun
that = som ething that has happened:
■ “I’m sorry I forgot to call you.” “T hat’s all right.”
■ That was a really nice meal. Thank you very much.
that =
■
■
■
w hat somebody has just said:
“You’re a teacher, aren’t you?” “Yes, that’s right.”
“M ark has a new jo b .” “H e does? I didn’t know that.”
“I’m going on vacation next w eek.” “O h, that’s nice.”
We use th is is . . . and is th is . . . ? on the telephone:
■ Hi Sarah, this is David.
(= the speaker)
■ Is this Sarah?
(= the other person)
We use this is . . . to introduce people:
■ A: Brian, this is Chris.
B: Hello, Chris. Nice to m eet you.
C: Hi.
Amanda
this one / that one —►Unit 76
U N I
*ercises
: 1 Complete the sentences. Use this/that/these/those + these words:
birds
d ish es
h ou se
postcards
seat
shoes
: 2 Write questions: Is this/that
r. . . ? or Are these/those y o u r . . . ?
u
o
y
3 3 Complete the sentences with this is or that's or that.
1.
:AI’m sorry I’m late.
aT
hf ll right.
s_
2.
:Ican’t com e to the p arty tom orrow .
A
B: O h , _____________ too bad. W hy not?
3.
(onthephone)
Sue: Hello, J a n e ._____________ Sue.
Jane: O h, hi Sue. H ow are you?
4.
:You’re lazy.
A
:
B
not true!
B:
5.
B eth plays the piano very well.
B: Does she? I didn’t know .
6. Mark meets Paul’s sister, Helen.
Paul: M a rk ,____________ my sister, Helen.
Mark: Hi, Helen.
7. A: I’m sorry I was angry yesterday.
B: _____________ OK. Forget it!
8.
You’re a friend of T im ’s, aren’t you?
B: Y es,______________ right.
U N I T
76
one/ones
on e (= a . . .)
These chocolates are good.
Would you like one?
W ould you like on e ?
m
^1
= W ould you like a ch ocolate
on e = a /a n . . . (a chocolate / an apple, etc.)
I need a pen. Do you have one? (one = a pen)
A: Is there a bank near here?
B: Yes, there’s on e on the corner, (one = a bank)
on e and ones
on e (singular)
ones (plural)
Which one
do you w ant?
This one.
The w hite ones.
W hich ones
do you w ant?
W hich one? = W hich hat?
W hich ones? = W hich flowers?
on e = h a t/c a r /g ir l, etc.
ones = flo w e rs/ca rs/g irls, etc.
this on e / that on e
■ W hich car is yours? T his on e or
that one? (= this car or that car)
th e se /th o se (without ones)
■ W hich flowers do you want? T hese
or those? (usually not these ones or
those ones)
the on e . . .
■ A: W hich h o tel did you stay at?
B: T he on e near the airport.
■ I found this key. Is it the on e you lost?
the ones . . .
■ A: W hich b ook s are yours?
B: T he ones on the table.
■ I found these keys. Are they the ones
you lost?
the . . . one
■ I don’t like the black coat, but I like
the brow n one.
■ D on’t buy that cam era. Buy the
oth er one.
the . . . ones
■ I don’t like the red shoes, but I like
the green ones.
■ D on’t buy those apples. Buy the
oth er ones.
a /a n . . . one
■ This cup is dirty. Can I have a
clean one?
■ That c o o k ie was good. I’m going to
have an other one.
som e . . . ones
■ These cups are dirty. Can we have
som e clean ones?
■ My shoes are very old. I’m going to
buy som e n ew ones.
w hich . . . ? —►Unit 48
another —►Unit 66
this/that, etc. —►Unit 75
I
U N I T
<ercises
76
1 A asks B some questions. Use the information in the box to write B's answers. Use one
(not a!an . . . ) in the answers.
B ju st had a cup o f coffee
B is g o in g to get a b ik e
B d o esn ’t have an u m brella
B d o esn ’t need a car
th ere’s a d rugstore on First A venue
B d o csn ’t -have a p cix
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A:
A:
A:
A:
A:
A:
C an you lend me a pen?
W ould you like to have a car?
Do you have a bike?
C an you lend me an umbrella?
W ould you like a cup o f coffee?
Is there a drugstore near here?
Complete the sentences. Use a/an
b etter
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
b ig
ele-an
B:
B:
B:
B:
B:
B:
I’m sorry, _ / don't h a v e one
No, I don’t
No, b u t __
I’m sorry, but _
No, thank you.
Y es,__________
one. Use the words in the list,
d ifferen t
n ew
old
This cup is dirty. Can I have a clean one
I’m going to sell my car and b u y _____________
T hat’s not a very good picture. This i s .
I w ant today’s newspaper. This i s ____
This box is too small. I n e e d ________
W hy do we always go to the same restaurant? Let’s go to .
S 3 A is talking to B. Use the information to complete the conversations. Use one/ones.
1. A stayed at a hotel. It was near the airport.
A: W e stayed at a hotel.
B:
W hich one
?
A:
The one n e a r th e airport.
6. A is looking at a picture. It's on the wall.
A T h a t’s an interesting picture.
B
A
2. A sees some shoes in a store window.
They're green.
A: I like those shoes.
B: W hich
A: T he
7. A sees a girl in a group of people. She's tall
w\1th long hair.
A Do you know that girl?
B
A
3. A is looking at a house. It has a red door.
A: T h a t’s a nice house.
B:
A:
w ith
?
?
4. A is looking at some CDs. They're on the
top shelf.
A: Are those your CDs?
B:
?
A:
5. A is looking at a jacket in a store. It's black.
A: Do you like that jacket?
B:
?
A:
8. A is looking at some flowers in the garden.
They're yellow.
A: Those flowers are beautiful.
P
B.
A.
9. A is looking at a man in a restaurant. He
hois a mustache and glasses.
A W h o ’s that man?
B
A
10. A took some pictures at the party last week.
A D id I show you my pictures?
B
A
153
U N I T
77
A
some and any
som e
any
I don't have
any money.
I have some
money.
Use
■
■
■
B
so m e in positive sentences:
I’m going to buy som e clothes.
T here’s som e ice in the fridge.
We made som e mistakes.
Use
■
■
■
any in negative sentences:
I’m n ot going to buy any clothes.
There isn ’t any m ilk in the fridge.
We d id n ’t make any mistakes.
any and so m e in questions
In m ost questions (but not all) we use any (not som e):
■ Is there any ice in the fridge?
■ Does he have any friends?
■ Do you need any help?
We norm ally use som e (not any) w hen we offer things
(W ould you lik e . . . ?) :
■ A: W ould you like som e coffee?
B: Yes, please.
or w hen we ask for things (Can I have . . . ?, etc.):
■ A: Can I have som e soup, please?
B: Yes. Help yourself.
■ A: Can you lend me som e money?
B: Sure. H ow m uch do you need?
C
som e and any w ithout a noun
■
■
■
■
M
I didn’t take any pictures, but Jane took som e. (= some pictures)
You can have some coffee, but I don’t w ant any. (= any coffee)
I ju st made some coffee. W ould you like some? (= some coffee)
“W h ere’s your luggage?” “I don’t have any.” (= any luggage)
“Are there any cookies?” “Yes, there are som e in the kitchen.” (= some cookies)
som ething / som ebody (or som eone)
■ She said som eth in g.
■ I saw som eb od y (or som eone).
■ W ould you like so m eth in g to eat?
■ S o m eb od y’s at the door.
154
Would you like
some coffee?
a and some —►Unit 69
anything / anybody (or anyone)
■ She d id n ’t say anything.
■ I d id n ’t see anybody (or anyone).
■ Are you doing an yth in g tonight?
■ W here’s Sue? Has anybody seen her?
somebody/anything, etc. —►Unit 80
U N I
*ercises
# Write some or any.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
I bought so m e cheese, but I didn’t buy a n y bread.
I’m going to the post office. I n e e d ________ stamps.
There aren’t _______ gas stations in this part o f town.
Gary and Alice don’t h a v e ________ children.
Do you h a v e
brothers or sisters?
There a r e _______ beautiful flowers in the garden.
Do you k n o w ________ good hotels in Miami?
“W ould you lik e
tea?” “Yes, please.”
W hen we were on vacation, we v isite d ________ very interesting places.
D on’t b u y _______ rice. We don’t n e e d ________ .
I w ent out to b u y _______ oranges, but they didn’t h a v e _________at the store.
I’m thirsty. Can I h a v e ________water, please?
17 2 Complete the sentences. Use some or any + the words in the box.
air
lan g u a g es
b atteries
m ilk
friend s
p ictu res
fr u it
q u estions
help
sh a m p o o-
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
I w ant to wash my hair. Is there a n y sham poo ?
The police w ant to talk to you. They w ant to ask y o u _____________________
I don’t have my camera, so I can’t ta k e ______________________________ .
Do you sp ea k ______________________________ fo reig n _______________________
Last night I w ent to a restaurant w i t h ______________________________ o f mine.
Can I h a v e ______________________________ in my coffee, please?
This camera isn’t working. There aren’t ______________________________ in it.
It’s hot in this office. I’m going out f o r _______________fre s h _________________
A: W ould you lik e _______________________________?
B: No, thank you. I’ve had enough to eat.
10. I can do this jo b alone. I don’t n e e d ______________________________ .
3 Complete the sentences. Use some or any.
1. Jane didn’t take any pictures, but / took so m e . (I / take)
2. “W h ere’s your luggage?” “ / don t h a v e a n y ” (I / not / have)
3. “D o you need any m oney?” “N o, thank you
.” (I / have)
4. “Can you lend me some m oney?” “I’m sorry, b u t ____________________ .” (I / not / have)
5. The tom atoes at the store didn’t look very good, s o
. (I / not / buy)
6. There were some nice oranges at the store, s o ________________________________. (I / buy)
7. “H ow m any phone calls did you make yesterday?”
“ _____________ (I / not
/ make)
"7.4 Write som ething!som ebody or anything/anybody.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
A wom an stopped me and said so m eth in g , but I didn’t understand.
“W h at’s wrong?” “T here’s _______________in my eye.”
Do you k n o w _______________ about politics?
I w ent to the store, but I didn’t b u y _______________ .
_______________ broke the window. I don’t know who.
There isn’t _______________in the bag. It’s empty.
I’m looking for my keys. H a s
seen them?
W ould you lik e _______________ to drink?
I didn’t e a t _______________because I wasn’t hungry.
This is a secret. Please don’t t e l l_______________ .
U N I T
78
not + any
no
none
The parking lot is empty.
There aren’t an y cars
There are n o cars
in the parking lot.
How many cars are there in the parking lot?
N one.
n o t (-n’t) + any
■ T here aren’t any cars in the parking lot.
■ Tracey and Jeff don’t have any children.
■ You can have some coffee, but I, don’t w ant any.
no + noun (no cars / no garage, etc.)
no . . .
■
■
■
= n o t any or n o t a
T here are no cars in the parking lot. (= there aren’t any cars)
We have no coffee. (= we d o n ’t have any coffee)
It’s a nice house, but there’s no garage. (= there isn’t a garage)
W e use no . . . especially after have/has and there is/are.
negative verb + any = positive verb + no
■ They d o n ’t have any children, or They have no children.
(not They don’t have no children)
■ There isn ’t any sugar in your coffee, or T here’s n o sugar in your coffee.
N o and n on e
Use no + noun (no m o n ey / no children, etc.):
■ We have no m on ey.
■ Everything was OK. There were no problem s.
Use n o n e alone (without a noun):
■ “H ow m uch m oney do you have?” “N o n e.” (= no money)
■ “W ere there any problem s?” “N o, n on e.” (= no problems)
N o n e and no on e
n on e = 0 (zero)
no on e = nobody
N o n e is an answer for H o w much? / H o w many? (things or people):
■ “H o w m u ch m oney do you have?” “N o n e.” (= no money)
■ “H o w m any people did you m eet?” “N o n e.” (= no people)
N o on e is an answer for Who?:
■ “W ho did you m eet?” “N o on e.”
negatives —►Unit 44
some and any —►Unit 77
or
“N ob od y.”
anybody/nobody/nothing, etc. —►Units 79-80
U N I
Exercises
78.1 Write these sentences again with no.
1. We don’t have any money.
We have no
money.____
2. There aren’t any stores near here.There a r e ___________________
3. Carla doesn’t have any free time.
____________________________
4. There isn’t a light in this room.
____________________________
Write these sentences again with any.
5. We have no money.
6. T here’s no m ilk in the fridge.
7. There are no buses today.
8. Tom has no brothers or sisters.
We don t h ave a ny money.
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
"8.2 Write no or any.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
T here’s no sugar in your coffee.
My brother is m arried, but he doesn’t h a v e ________ children.
Sue doesn’t sp ea k _______ foreign languages.
I’m afraid there’s ________ coffee. W ould you like some tea?
“Look at those birds!” “Birds? W here? I can’t s e e ________ birds.”
“D o you know where Jessica is?” “N o, I h a v e _______ idea.”
Write no, any, or none.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
There aren’t ________pictures on the wall.
The w eather was cold, but there w a s ________ wind.
I w anted to buy some oranges, but they didn’t have _
Everything was correct. There w e r e ________ mistakes
“H ow m uch luggage do you have?” “ _______
“H ow m uch luggage do you have?” “I don’t h a v e __
at the store.
55
73.3 Complete the sentences. Use any or no + the words in the box.
air c o n d itio n in g
lin e
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
answ er
m o n ey
d ifferen ce
p ro b lem s
frien d s
q uestions
fu rn itu re
Everything was OK. T here were no p ro b lem s .
Jack and Emily would like to take a vacation, but they h a v e ____________________________ .
I’m not going to an sw e r____________________________ .
H e’s always alone. H e h a s ____________________________ .
There i s ________________________betw een these two machines. They’re exactly the same.
There wasn’t ____________________________ in the room. It was com pletely empty.
I tried to call you yesterday, but there w a s ___________________________ .
The house is hot because there isn’t ____________________________ .
There w a s ___________________________ outside the movie theater, so we didn’t have to
wait to get our tickets.
73.4 Write short answers (one or two words) to these questions. Use none
where necessary.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
H ow
H ow
H ow
H ow
H ow
many
many
m uch
many
many
letters did you w rite yesterday?
Two.
OR
T) lot.
OR —None.----sisters do you have?____________________________________________________ _
coffee did you drink yesterday?
____________________________________ _
pictures have you taken today?
________________________________________ _
legs does a snake have?
.
/
II
I
79
not + anybody/anyone/anything
nobody/no one/nothing
n o t + an yb od y/an yon e
n o b o d y / no on e
(for people)
There isn ’t
There is
(a n y b o d y ,
la n y o n e J
n o t + anything
n o th in g
(for things)
room.
| ” o b o ‘1y l jn dre room.
I no on e J
B There isn ’t an yth in g in the bag.
■ There is n o th in g in the bag.
■ A: W ho is in the room?
B: N ob od y. / N o one.
■ A: W hat’s in the bag?
B: N oth in g.
-body and -on e are the same:
anybody = anyone nobody = no on e
n o t + anybody /a n y o n e
■ I d o n ’t know anybody
(or anyone) here.
n o t + anything
■ I can’t rem em ber anything.
n o b o d y = n o t + anybody
no on e = n o t + anyone
■ I’m lonely. I have n ob od y to talk to.
(= I don’t have anybody)
■ The house is empty. T here is n o on e
in it. (= T here isn’t anyone in it.)
n o th in g = n o t + anything
■ She said n oth in g.
(= She didn’t say anything.)
■ T here’s n o th in g to eat.
(= There isn’t an yth in g to eat.)
You can use n ob od y / no on e / n o th in g at the beginning of a sentence or alone
(to answer a question):
■ The house is empty. N o b o d y lives
there. (not Anybody lives there)
■ “W ho did you speak to?” “N o on e.”
Rem em ber:
N o th in g happened.
(not Anything happened)
“W hat did you say?” “N o th in g .’
negative verb + anybody / anyone / an ything
positive verb + n ob od y / no on e / n o th in g
■ He doesn’t know anything, (not He doesn’t know nothing)
■ D o n ’t tell anybody, (not D on’t tell nobody)
■ There is n o th in g to do in this town, (not There isn’t nothing)
some and any —►Unit 77
any and no —►Unit 78
som ebody/anything/nowhere, etc. —►Unit 80
ercises
uni
Write these sentences again with nobody / no one or nothing.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
There isn’t anything in the bag.
There isn’t anybody in the office.
I don’t have anything to do.
There isn’t anything on TV.
There wasn’t anyone at hom e.
We didn’t find anything.
There's noth ing in the bag.
T here’s _____________________
I ___________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
2 Write these sentences again with anybody/anyone or anything.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
T here’s nothing in the bag.
There isn t an y th in g in the bag.
There was nobody on the bus.
T here wasn’t ____________________
I have nothing to read.
_________________________________
I have no one to help me.
_________________________________
She heard nothing._______________ _________________________________
W e have nothing for dinner.
_________________________________
Answer these questions with nobody / no one or nothing.
la.
2a.
3a.
4a.
W h a t did you say? Nothing.___________
W h o saw you? Nobody._______________
W h a t do you w a n t? ____________________
W h o did you m e e t? ___________________
5a.W ho knows the answer? .
6a. W h at did you b u y ? _____
7a.W h at h ap p en ed ?_______
8a. W ho was la te ? __________
Now answer the same questions with full sentences.
Use nobody / no one / nothing or anybody/anyone/anything:
lb.
/ didn t sa y anything._________________________________________
2b.
N obo dy s a w me._____________________________________________
3b. I don’t
___
4b. I ______________________________________________________________
5b.
the answer.
6b. ___________________________________________________________________________________
7b.
8b.
Complete the sentences. Use:
nobody / no one / nothing
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
or
anybody/anyone/anything
T hat house is empty. N obody lives there.
Jack has a bad memory. H e can’t rem em ber a n yth in g .
Be quiet! D o n ’t sa y _______________ .
I didn’t know about the m e etin g .
told me.
“W hat did you have to eat?” “
. I wasn’t hungry.”
I didn’t e a t ______________ . I wasn’t hungry.
H elen was sitting alone. She wasn’t w ith _______________ .
I’m sorry, I can’t help you. T here’s
I can do.
I don’t k n o w _______________about car engines.
The m useum is free. It doesn’t c o s t
to go in.
I heard a knock at the door, but w hen I opened it, there w a s _______________ there.
Antonio spoke very fast. I didn’t u n d ersta n d _______________ .
“W hat are you doing tonight?” “ _______________ . W hy?”
H elen is out o f to w n ._______________knows w here she is. She didn’t t e l l _________
w here she was going.
159
somebody/anything/nowhere, etc.
dD
■0
l—
□
1
□
/ --------
....... \
Id
D
□
[
S om eb od y (or Som eon e)
has broken the window.
so m e b o d y /so m e o n e
= a person, but we
don’t know who
She has got so m eth in g in
her m outh.
so m eth in g = a thing,
but we don’t know w hat
Tom lives som ew h ere near
Chicago.
som ew h ere — in /to
a place, but we don’t
know w here
People (-body or -one)
so m eb o d y or so m eo n e
anybody or anyone
n o b o d y or no on e
-body and -on e are the same: som eb od y = som eone, n ob od y = no one, etc.
I
:
•
I:
There is som eb od y (or som eone) at the door.
Is there anybody (or anyone) at the door?
There isn’t anybody (or anyone) at the door.
There is n ob od y (or n o one) at the door.
Things (-thing)
so m eth in g
;
; -
anyth in g
n o th in g
Lucy said som eth in g, but I didn’t understand w hat she said.
Are you doing an yth in g this weekend?
I was angry, but I didn’t say anything.
“W hat did you say?” “N o th in g .”
MM
Places (-where)
som ew here
anyw here
n ow h ere
R uth’s parents live som ew h ere in Southern California.
Did you go anyw here interesting on vacation?
I’m staying here. I’m n o t going anywhere.
I don’t like this town. There is n ow h ere to go.
so m eth in g/an yb od y, etc. + adjective (b ig /ch ea p /in terestin g , etc.)
■ Did you m eet anybody in terestin g at the party?
■ W e always go to the same place. Let’s go som ew h ere different.
■ “W hat’s in that letter?” “It’s n o th in g im p ortan t.”
so m eth in g /a n y b o d y , etc. + to . . .
■ I’m hungry. I w ant so m eth in g to eat. (= som ething that I can eat)
■ Tony doesn’t have anybody to talk to. (= anybody that he can talk to)
■ There is n ow h ere to go in this town. (= now here where people can go)
some and any —►Unit 77
any and no
everything/-body/-where —►Unit 81
►Unit 78
anybody/nothing, etc. —►Unit 79
U N I T
ercises
Write som ebody (or someone) / som ething / som ewhere.
^
L
2.
3.
4.
80
-------------
Lucy sa id . so m eth in g
I lo s t.
Sue and Tom w e n t.
I’m going to c a ll.
W hat did she say?
W hat did you lose?
W here did they go?
W ho are you going to call?
2 Write nobody (or no one) / nothing / nowhere.
la.
2a.
3a.
4a.
W hat did you say?
W here are you going?
W hat do you want?
W ho are you looking for?
Nothing.
Now answer the same questions with full sentences.
Use not + anybody/anything/anywhere.
lb. / didn t s a y anything._________________
2b. I’m n o t ________________________________
3b. _____
4b. _____
Write somebody/anything/nowhere, etc.
1. It’s dark. I can’t see a n yth in g .
s o m e w h e re near San Francisco.
Do
you
k
n
o
w
_______________________ about computers?
3.
4. “Listen!” “W hat? I can’t h e a r _______________________ .”
5. “W hat are you doing here?” “I’m waiting f o r ____________________
6. We need to talk. T here’s __ __________________I w ant to tell you.
see the accident?” “N o ,___________
7. “D i d ____________________
8 . We w eren’t hungry, so we didn’t e a t _____________
knows.”
9. “W h at’s going to happen?” “I don’t k n o w .______
10. “Do you k n o w _______________________ in Tokyo?” “Yes, a few people.”
. It’s empty.”
11. “W h at’s in that suitcase?” “ ___________________
12. I’m looking for my glasses. I can’t find them
. warm.
13. I don’t like cold weather. I w ant to liv e ____
interesting on television tonight?
14. Is th e r e ___________________
__________famous?
15. Have you ever m e t .
2 . Tom lives
4 Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes.
s o m e th in g
s o m e th in g
so m e w h e re
a n y th in g
a n yw h ere
n o th in g
n o w h e re
n o w h ere
1. We don’t go out very m uch because there’s
do
p ark
d rin k
read
eat
sit
go
stay
n o w h e re to go
2 . T here isn’t any food in the house. W e don’t h a v e ___________
3. I’m bored. I h a v e ______________________________ .
4. “W hy are you standing?” “Because there isn’t .
?” “Yes, please - a glass of water.’
5. “W ould you lik e _______
6 . If you’re going downtown, take the bus. D on’t drive because there’s
7. I w a n t.
8. I n e e d .
.. I’m going to buy a magazine,
in Seoul. Can you recom m end a hotel?
161
U N I T
81
every and all
Every
Every house on the street is the same
every house on the street =
all the houses on the street
We use every + singular noun (every h ou se / every country, etc.):
■ Sarah has been to every cou n try in Europe.
■ Every su m m er we take a vacation at the beach.
■ She looks different every tim e I see her.
Use a singular verb after every . . . :
■ Every h ou se on the street is the same. (not are the same)
■ Every cou n try has a national flag. (not have)
Com pare every and all:
Every stu d en t in the class passed
the exam.
Every cou n try has a national flag.
A ll the students in the class passed
the exam.
A ll cou n tries have a national flag.
Every day and all day
every day = on all days:
all day = the com plete day:
How often?
How long?
1
SUN + MON + TUE + WED + THUR + FRI
I
I
I
I
I
+ SAT
I
E V E R Y DAY
■ It rained every day last week.
■ Bill watches TV for about two hours
every night. (= on all nights)
also every m o r n in g /w e e k /su m m e r , etc.
I
beginning
o f the day
«----------------- A L L D A Y
■ It rained all day yesterday.
■ O n Monday, I watched TV all night.
(= the whole night)
also all m o r n in g /w e e k /su m m e r , etc.
E verybody (or everyone) / everyth ing / everyw here
everybody or everyone
(people)
everyth ing
(things)
everyw here
(places)
m E verybody (or E veryone) needs friends.
(= all people need friends)
m Do you have everyth ing you need?
(= all the things you need)
m I lost my watch. I’ve looked everyw here for it.
(= I’ve looked in all places)
Use a singular verb after everyb od y/everyon e/everyth in g:
■ E verybody has problem s, (not Everybody have)
162
all —►Unit 82
end of
the day
E xercises
u N 1T
Complete the sentences. Use
day
ro o m
stu d ea t
81
every + these words:
tim e
w ord
1.
E v e r y s tu d e n t in the class passed the exam.
2. My jo b
is very b o rin g .____________is
the same.
3. Kate is a very good chess player. W hen we play, she w in s ___
4. ________________________ in the hotel has a TV.
5. “D id you understand w hat she said?” “M ost o f it, but not _
i 4 2 Complete the sentences with every day or all day.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Yesterday it rained oil d a y .
I buy a n ew sp ap er________________________ , but sometimes I don’t read it.
I’m not going out tom orrow. I’ll be at h o m e ________________________ .
I usually drink about four cups o f co ffee________________________ .
Paula was sick yesterday, so she stayed in b e d ________________________ .
I’m tired now because I’ve been working h a r d ________________________ .
Last year we w ent to the beach for a week, and it ra in e d _______________________ .
11 3 Write every or all.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Bill watches TV for about two hours e v e r y night.
Julia gets up at 6 :3 0 __________ m orning.
The w eather was nice yesterday, so we sat o u tsid e__________ afternoon.
I’m leaving tow n on Monday. I’ll be aw ay __________ week.
“H ow often do you go skiing?” “__________ year. Usually in M arch.”
A: W ere you at hom e at 10 yesterday?
B: Yes, I was at h o m e __________m orning. I w ent out after lunch.
7. My sister loves new cars. She buys o n e _________ year.
8. I saw Sam at the party, but he didn’t speak to m e _________ night.
9. We take a vacation for two or three w e e k s__________ summer.
31.4 Write everybody/everything/everywhere.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
E verybody
needs friends.
Chris k n o w s________________________ about com puters.
I like the people h e re .________________________is very friendly.
This is a nice hotel. It’s comfortable, a n d ________________________ is very clean.
Kevin never uses his car. He g o e s________________________ on his motorcycle.
Let’s have d in n e r._____________________ is hungry.
Sue’s house is full of books. There are b o o k s ________________________.
You are rig h t.
you say is true.
31.5 Complete the sentences. Use one word only each time.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Everybody h a s
problems.
Are you ready yet? E verybody_______________ waiting for you.
The house is empty. E v ery o n e_______________ gone out.
Gary is very popular. E verybody______________ him.
This tow n is com pletely different now. E verything _______________ changed.
I got hom e very late last night. I came in quietly because ev eryone_______________ asleep.
E v erybody______________ mistakes!
A: ________________ everything clear?_______________ everybody know w hat to do?
B: Yes, we all understand.
163
U N I T
all
most
some
any
no/none
Com pare:
c h ild r e n /m o n e y /b o o k s, etc. (in general):
■ C h ild ren like to play.
(= children in general)
■ M on ey isn’t everything.
(= m oney in general)
■ I enjoy reading books.
■ Everybody needs friends.
the children / the m oney / these books, etc:
■ W here are th e children?
(= our children)
■ I w ant to buy a car, but I don’t have
the m on ey. (= the m oney for a car)
■ Have you read these books?
■ I often go out w ith m y friends.
M ost / m o st o f . . ., som e / som e o f . . ., etc.
all
m o st o f/s o m e of, etc. + th e /th is /m y , . . . etc
m o st/so m e , etc. + noun
all
m o st
som e
any
no
-e f
any
som e
m ost
all
cities
ch ildren
b ook s
m o n ey
m ost
som e
any
n on e
■ M ost children like to play.
(= children in general)
■ I don’t w ant any m on ey.
■ S o m e b ook s are better than others.
■ H e has no friends.
■ A ll cities have the same problem s.
(= cities in general)
Do not use o f in these sentences:
■ M ost p eo p le drive too fast.
(not M ost of people)
■ S om e birds can’t fly.
(not Some of birds)
(of)
of
the . . .
t h is /t h a t . . .
th ese /th o se . . .
m y /y o u r . . . , etc.
■ M ost o f th e ch ildren at this sch ool
are under 11 years old.
■ I don’t w ant any o f this m on ey.
■ S om e o f these b ook s are very old.
■ N o n e o f m y friends live near me.
You can say all the . . . or all o f the . . .
(with or w ithout o f ) :
■ A ll the students in our class passed
the exam, (or A ll o f the students . . .)
■ Silvia has lived in M iami all her life.
(or. . . all o f her life.)
A ll o f it / m o st o f th em / n on e o f us, etc.
all
m o st
som e
any
none
of
it
th em
us
you
You can have som e o f this cake, but not all o f it.
I A: Do you know those people?
B: M ost o f them , but not all o f them .
S om e o f us are going out tonight. W hy don’t you come w ith us?
I I’ve got a lot o f books, but I haven’t read any o f them .
“H ow many o f these books have you read?” “N o n e o f th em .”
the . . . (children / the children, etc.) —►Unit 73
164
all and every —►Unit 81
some and any —►Unit 77
no/none/any —►Unit 78
U N I
: *erases
Complete the sentences. Use the word in parentheses (some/most, etc.). Sometimes
you need o f (some o f / m ost of, etc.).
1.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
/^ lo sf children like to play, (most)
Sonne o f this m oney is yours, (some)
_______________people never stop talking, (some)
_______________the stores dow ntow n close at 6:00. (most)
You can change m oney i n _______________banks, (most)
. the pictures in the living room, (any)
I don’t like .
. his money, (all)
H e’s lo s t__
my friends are m arried, (none)
. the people in this picture? (any)
Do you k n o w .
birds can fly. (most)
_________ the movie, but I didn’t like the ending, (most)
I en jo y ed__
_______________ sports are very dangerous, (some)
W e can’t find anywhere to stay._______________ the hotels are full. (all)
T r y _______________this cheese. It’s delicious, (some)
. the time, (most)
The weather was bad w hen we were on vacation. It ra in e d ________
11.2 Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use:
all I m ost I som e I none
+ o f them I o f it
'MMM
trnm
1. H ow many
2. H ow many
3. H ow many
4. H ow m any
5. H ow many
6. H ow m uch
o f the
o f the
o f the
o f the
o f the
o f the
MUM
HfHi
iMffe
people are women?
boxes are on the table?
m en are wearing hats?
windows are open?
people are standing?
m oney is B en’s?
Afo s t o f them.
82.3 Are these sentences OK? Correct the sentences that are wrong.
1. (M ost o f children)like to play.
2. All the students failed the test.
3. Some o f people w ork too hard.
4. Some o f questions on the exam were very easy.
5. I haven’t seen any o f those people before.
6. All of insects have six legs.
7. Have you read all these books?
8. M ost o f students in our class are very nice.
9. M ost o f my friends are going to the party.
10. I’m very tired this m orning - I was awake m ost o f night.
A lo s f children
OK
U N I T
both
either
neither
W e use b o th /e ith e r /n e ith e r to talk about two things or people:
eith er
b oth
n eith er (n o t + either)
■ Rebecca has two children. B oth are married, (both = the two children)
■ W ould you like tea or coffee? You can have either, (either — tea or coffee)
■ A: Do you w ant to go to the movies or the theater?
B: N either. I w ant to stay home, (neither = not the movies or the theater)
Com pare eith er and neither:
■ “W ould you like tea or coffee?”
“E ither. It doesn’t m atter.” (= tea or coffee)
“I d o n ’t w ant either.” (not I don’t w ant neither)
“N eith er.” (= not tea or coffee)
B o th /e ith e r /n e ith e r + noun
b oth
eith er
n eith er
b oth
+ plural
eith er
n eith er
+ singular
w in d o w s/b o o k s/c h ild ren , etc.
w in d o w /b o o k /c h ild , etc.
■ Last year I w ent to M iami and Seattle. I liked b oth cities very much.
■ First I w orked in an office and later in a store. N eith er jo b was very interesting.
■ T here are two ways to get to the airport. You can go eith er way.
B o th o f . . . / eith er o f . .. / n eith er o f .
both
(o f)
eith er
n eith er
of
the . . .
I like both of
those pictures
th e se /th o se . . .
m y /y o u r /P a u l’s . . . , etc.
■ N eith er o f m y parents is Canadian.
■ I haven’t read eith er o f these books.
You can say b oth o f th e /th o s e /m y . . . or
b oth th e /th o s e /m y . . . (with or w ithout o f ) :
■ I like b oth o f those pictures, or I like b oth those pictures.
■ B o th o f Paul’s sisters are m arried, or B oth Paul’s sisters are m arried
but
N eith er o f Paul’s sisters is married. (not N either Paul’s sisters)
B oth o f th em / n eith er o f us
both
eith er
n eith er
of
th em
us
you
Paul has got two sisters. B oth o f th em are m arried.
Sue and I didn’t eat anything. N eith er o f us was hungry.
W ho are those two people? I d o n ’t know eith er o f them .
I can't either / neither can I —►Unit 43
U N I
ixercises
i 3,1 Write both I either I neither. Use o f where necessary.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Last year I w ent to Miami and Seattle. I liked both
cities very much.
T here were two pictures on the wall.I didn’t like e ith e r o f them .
It was a good football g am e.___teams played well.
It wasn’t a good football g am e._______________ team played well.
“Is your friend Canadian or American?” “_______________ . She’s Australian.”
W e w ent away for two days, but the w eather was bad. It ra in e d _______________ days.
A: I bought two newspapers. W hich one do you want?
B: _______________ . It doesn’t m atter w hich one.
I invited D onna and M ike to the party, b u t _____________ them came.
“Do you go to w ork by car or by bus?” “______________ . I always walk.”
“W hich jacket do you prefer, this one or that one?” “I don’t lik e _______________ them .”
“Do you w ork or are you a student?” “
. I work, and I’m a student, too.”
Paula and I didn’t know the tim e becau se_______________ us had a watch.
H elen has two sisters and a b ro th e r._______________sisters are married.
H elen has two sisters and a brother. Iknow her brother, but I haven’t m et
her sisters.
3 2 Complete the sentences for the pictures. Use Both . . . and N eith er. . . .
1.
2.
3.
D o th cups a re
empty.
are open.
wearing a hat.
4.
5.
6.
beards.
to
right.
A man and a woman answered some questions. Their answers were the same. Write
sentences with Both/Neither o f them . . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Are you married?
H ow old are you?
Are you a student?
Do you have a car?
W here do you live?
Do you like to cook?
Can you play the
piano?
8. Do you read the
newspaper?
9. Are you interested
in sports?
No
21
Yes
No
Boston
Yes
No
N o ----- 3- 1.
21 ----- 3►2.
Y es----- 3-3 .
No
4.
Boston
5.
Yes
6.
No
7.
Yes
Yes
8.
No
No
9.
N e ith e r o f them is m arried.
D o th o f th em a re 21.
students.
a car.
the airport.
a lot
much
a lo t o f m o n ey
many
n o t m u ch m o n ey
We use m u ch + uncountable noun
(m uch fo o d / m u ch m on ey, etc.):
■ Did you buy m u ch food?
■ We don’t have m u ch luggage.
■ H ow m u ch m o n ey do you want?
■ A: Do you have any m oney?
B: I have some, but n o t m uch.
We use a lo t o f + both types of noun:
■ We bought a lo t o f food.
■ Paula doesn’t have a lo t o f free tim e.
We say:
■ There is a lot o f fo o d /m o n e y /
w ater . . . (singular verb)
a lo t o f b ook s
n o t m any books
We use m any + plural noun
(m any b ook s / m any p eop le, etc.):
■ Did you buy m any books?
■ We don’t know m any p eop le.
■ H ow m any p h otos did you take?
■ A: Did you take any photos?
B: I took some, but n o t many.
■ W e bought a lo t o f books.
■ Did they ask a lo t o f questions?
■ There are a lot of tr e e s/sh o p s/
p eo p le . . . (plural verb)
■ A lot of p eo p le speak English.
(not speaks)
We use m u ch in questions and negative sentences:
M Do you drink m u ch coffee?
■ I don’t drink m u ch coffee.
B ut we do not often use m u ch in positive sentences:
■ I drink a lo t o f coffee, (not I drink m uch coffee)
■ “Do you drink m uch coffee?” “Yes, a lo t.” (not Yes, much)
We use m any and a lo t o f in all types o f sentences (positive/negative/question):
■ We have m any friends / a lo t o f friends.
■ We don’t have m any friends / a lo t o f friends.
■ Do you have m any friends / a lo t o f friends?
You can use m u ch and a lo t w ithout a noun:
■ D onna spoke to me, but she didn’t say m uch.
■ “Do you watch TV m uch?” “N o, n o t m u ch .” (= not often)
■ W e like movies, so we go to the movies a lot. (not go to the movies much)
■ I don’t like him very m uch.
countable/uncountable —►Units 68-69
U N
•xercises
54 1 Write much or many.
1. D id you buy m uch food?
2. There aren’t _________ hotels in this town.
3. We don’t h a v e
gas.We need to stop and get some.
4. W ere th e r e
people on the train?
5. D id _________students fail the exam?
6. Paula doesn’t h a v e _________money.
7. I wasn’t hungry, so I didn’t e a t _________ .
8. I don’t know w here Gary lives these days. I haven’t seen him f o r _________ years.
Write How much or How many.
9.
10.
11.
12.
_________________________people are coming to the party?
_________________________milk should I get at the store?
_________________________bread did you buy?
_________________________players are there on a football team?
- 2 Complete the sentences. Use much or many with these words:
books
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
co u n tries
lu g g a g e
p eo p le
tim e
tim es
I don’t read very much. I don’t have m any books
.
H urry up! We don’t h a v e __________________________________ .
Do you travel a lot? Have you been t o __________________________________ ?
Tina hasn’t lived here very long, so she doesn’t k n o w _________________________
“Do you h a v e
?” “No, only this bag.”
I know Tokyo very well. I’ve been th e r e ________________________________ .
- 3 Complete the sentences. Use a lot o f + these words:
accid en ts
-books-
fu n
in tere stin g th in g s
tr a ffic
1. I like reading. I have u lo t o f books
2. W e enjoyed our visit to the m useum . We saw .
3. This road is very dangerous. There a r e ______
4. W e enjoyed our vacation. We had .
5. It took me a long tim e to drive here. There was .
-.4 In some of these sentences much is not natural. Change the sentences or write OK.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Do you drink m uch coffee?
OK
I drink m uch tea.
a !° t o f te a
It was a cold winter. W e had m uch snow.
_____________
There wasn’t m uch snow last winter.
_____________
It costs m uch m oney to travel around the world. _____________
This pen was cheap. It didn’t cost m uch.
_____________
Do you know m uch about computers?__________ _____________
“Do you have any luggage?” “Yes, m uch.”
_____________
54.5 Write sentences about these people. Use much and a lot.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Jim loves movies, (go to the movies)
H e goes to the m ovies a lot.
Nicole thinks TV is boring, (watch TV)
She doesn 't w a tch T V much.
Tina is a good tennis player, (play tennis)________S h e __________________________
M artin doesn’t like to drive, (use his car)________ H e _________________________ _
Paul spends m ost o f the time at hom e, (go out) ______________________________
Sue has been all over the world, (travel)
______________________________
(a) little
(a) few
(a) little + uncountable noun:
(a) few + plural noun
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
little
little
little
little
w ater
tim e
m o n ey
soup
few
few
few
few
b ook s
questions
p eo p le
days
'***
U N I T
-
a little w ater
a few = some but not many
a little = some but not m uch
—
■ She didn’t eat anything, but she drank
a little water.
■ I speak a little Spanish.
(= some Spanish but not much)
■ A: Can you speak Spanish?
B: A little.
X lit t le (without a) = almost no or almost
nothing
■ There was little fo o d in the fridge. It
was almost empty.
)a(few (without a) = almost no
■ There were few p eo p le in the theater.
It was almost empty.
You can say very little:
■ Dan is very thin because he eats very
little. (= almost nothing)
You can say very few:
■ Your English is very good. You make
very few m istakes.
little and a little
few and a few
A little is a positive idea:
■ They have a little money, so they’re not
poor. (= they have some money)
A few is a positive idea:
■ I have a few friends, so I’m not
lonely. (= I have some friends)
L ittle (or very little) is a negative idea:
■ They have (very) little money. They
are very poor. (= almost no money)
Few (or very few) is a negative idea:
■ I’m sad and I’m lonely. I have (very)
few friends. (= almost no friends)
I have a little
money.
170
■ Excuse me, I have to make a few
p h on e calls.
■ W e’re going away for a few days.
■ I speak a few w ords of Spanish.
■ A: Do you have any stamps?
B: Yes, a few. Do you w ant one?
countable/uncountable —►Units 68-69
I have little
money.
I have a few
friends.
I have few
friends.
U N I
ercises
Answer the questions with a little or a few.
1. “Do you have any m oney?” “Yes, a little
“Do you have any envelopes?” “Y es,.
3. “Do you w ant sugar in your coffee?” “Y es,_______________ , please.”
4. “Did you take any pictures w hen you were on vacation?” “Y es,_____
5. “Does your friend speak English?” “Y es,_______________.”
6. “Are there any good restaurants in this tow n?” “Y es,_______________
1: 2 Write a little or a few + these words:
chairs
days
fresh air
frien d s
m ilk
R u ssian
tim es
years
M artin speaks Italian well. H e lived in Italy for a f e w y e a r s
.
Can I h a v e
in my coffee, please?
“W hen did Julia leave?” “____________________________ ag°«”
“Do you speak any foreign languages?” “I can speak ___________________________
“Are you going out alone?” “No, I’m going w ith ____________________________ .”
“Have you ever been to Mexico?” “Y es,____________________________ .”
There wasn’t m uch furniture in the room - just a table a n d _______________________
I’m going out for a walk. I n e e d ____________________________ .
s 3 3 Complete the sentences. Use very little or very few + these words:
co ffee
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
h o tels
m istak es
p eo p le
rain
tim e
w ork
Your English is very good. You make v e r y f e w m ista kes .
I d rin k
. I don’t like it.
The w eather here is very dry in summer. There i s .
It’s difficult to find a place to stay in this town. There a r e ______________
H urry up. W e’ve g o t______________________________ .
The town is very quiet at n ig h t.
go out.
Some people in the office are very lazy. They d o _____________________
35.4 Write little / a little or few / a few.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
There was little
food in the fridge. It was almost empty.
“W hen did Sarah go out?” “_______________m inutes ago.”
I can’t decide now. I n e e d _______________ tim e to think about it.
T here w a s _______________ traffic, so we arrived earlier than we expected.
The bus service isn’t very good at night - there a r e _______________buses after 9:00.
“W ould you like some soup?” “Y es,_______________ , please.”
They sent us a map, so we h a d _______________ trouble finding their house.
35.5 Right or wrong? Change the sentences where necessary. Write OK if the sentence
is correct.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
W e’re going away(for few days)next week.
Everybody needs little luck.
I can’t talk to you now - I’ve got few things to do.
I eat very little m eat - I don’t like it very much.
Excuse me, can I ask you few questions?
There were little people on the bus - it was almost empty.
M artin is a very private person. Few people know him well.
fo r a f e w d a ys______
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
U N I T
old/nice/interesting, etc. (adjectives)
Adjective + noun (nice day / b lu e eyes, etc.)
adjective + noun
It’s a n ice
Laura has brow n
T here’s a very old
Do you like Italian
I don’t speak any foreign
There are some b eau tifu l y ello w
day today,
eyes.
church in this town.
food?
languages.
flow ers in the garden.
The adjective is before the noun:
■ They live in a m od ern house. (not a house m odern)
■ Have you m et any fam ous people? (not people famous)
The ending o f an adjective is always the same:
a differen t place
differen t places (not differents)
B e (a m /is/w a s, etc.) + adjective
■
■
■
■
■
■
c
The w eather is n ice today.
These flowers are very beautiful.
Are you cold? Should I close the window?
Pm hungry. Can I have som ething to eat?
The movie w asn ’t very good . It was boring.
Please be quiet. I’m reading.
L o o k /fe e l/s m e ll/ta s te /s o u n d + adjective
It smells good
You sound ha
■ You lo o k tired.” “Yes, I feel tired.”
■ Gary told me about his new job. It sounds very interesting.
■ I’m not going to eat this fish. It doesn’t sm ell good.
Com pare:
He
172
is
feels
lo o k s
tired.
They
are
lo o k
sound
get + adjective (get hungry/tired, etc.) —►Unit 57
happy.
It
is
sm ells
tastes
g ood
som ething/anybody + adjective —►Unit 80
erases
1 Put the words in the right order.
1
2.
3.
4.
5.
(new / live in / house / they / a)
(like / jacket / I / that / green)
(music / like / do / classical / you?)
(had / w onderful / a / I / trip)
(went to / restaurant / a / Japanese / we)
They live in a n e w
house.________________
Do _
___
___
The words below are adjectives (dark/foreign, etc.) or nouns (<air/job, etc.). Use an
adjective and a noun to complete each sentence.
air
clou ds
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
dangerou s
dark
foreignfresh
hot
jo b
k n ife
la n gu ages-
lo n g
sharp
vacation
w ater
Do you speak any foreign languages
?
Look at th o s e _________________________________ . It’s going to rain.
Sue works very hard, and she’s very tired. She needs a .
You n e e d _________________________________ to make tea.
Can you open the window? W e need some
I need a
to cut these onions.
Firefighting is a ________________________________ .
3 Write sentences for the pictures. Choose from the boxes.
feel(s)
look(s)
(you
look(s)
sm ell(s)
sound happy
sound(s)
taste(s)
-happyn ew
n ice
sick
surprised
terrib le
.
IJ
.4 A and B don't agree. Complete B's sentences. Use feel/look, etc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
You look tired.
This is a new coat.
I’m American.
You look cold.
These bags are heavy.
T hat soup looks good.
I do? I don't fe e l t ir e d
It is? It doesn’t
You are? You
Reallv? I
Thev are? They
Maybe, but it
.
(feel)
(look)
(sound)
(feel)
(look)
(taste)
U N I T
quickly/badly/suddenly, etc. (adverbs)
87
7:12
7:10
7:15
fe sn
kh
*
:
Suddenly, the shelf fell down.
He ate his dinner very quickly.
Q u ick ly and suddenly are adverbs.
adjective + -ly —►adverb:
adjective
adverb
quick
quickly
bad
badly
sudden
su dd en ly
For spelling, see Appendix 5.
careful
carefully
easy —►easily
heavy
heavily
etc.
heavy —►heavily
Adverbs tell you how som ething happens or how somebody does something:
■
■
■
■
The train stop p ed suddenly.
I op en ed the door slow ly.
Please listen carefully.
I understand you perfectly.
It’s rain in g heavily]
Com pare:
|
adjective
■ Sue is very quiet.
■ B e careful!
■ It was a bad gam e.
■ I felt nervous.
(= I was nervous)
I H ard
fast
late
adverb
■ Sue speaks very quietly, (not speaks very quiet)
■ Listen carefully! (not listen careful)
■ O ur team played badly, (not played bad)
■ I w aited nervously.
early
These words are adjectives and adverb s:
■ Sue’s jo b is very hard.
■ Ben is a fast runner.
M The bus was late/early.
|
■ Sue w orks very hard, (not hardly)
■ Ben can run fast.
■ I w en t to bed late/early.
G ood (adjective) —►w ell (adverb)
■ Your English is very good.
■ It was a go o d gam e.
■ You speak English very w ell, (not very good)
■ O ur team played w ell.
B ut w e ll is also an adjective (= not sick, in good health):
■ “H ow are you?” “I5m very w ell, thank you. And you?”
174
adjectives —►Unit 86
U N I T
: erases
87
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with these adverbs:
a n g rily
b adly
d an gerou sly
fast
h eavily
q u ietly
5.
I
&
i
4. She shouted at me
5. She can run very _
6. H e was d riv in g __
1. It’s raining h e a v ily
2. He sings v e ry _______
3. They came i n _______
2 Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes.
co m e
ex p la in
know
listen
sleep
th in k
w in
w ork
c a re fu lly
ca refu lly
clearly
easily
hard
q u ick ly
w e ll
w e ll
1. I’m going to tell you som ething very im portant, so please . listen c a re fu lly
2 . T h e y ______________________________ . At the end of the day they’re always tired.
3. I’m tired this m orning. I didn’t ______________________________ last night.
4. You play chess m uch better than me. W hen we play, you alw ays_________________
5. ______________________________ before you answer the question.
6. I’ve m et Alice a few times, but I don’t __________________ her v e ry ______________
. W e never
7. O ur teacher doesn’t __________________ things v e ry ___
understand him.
8. Helen! I need your help.
,3 Which is right?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
D o n ’t eat so quick / quickly. It’s not good for you. (quickly is right)
W hy are you angry / angrily? I didn’t do anything.
Can you speak slow / slowly, please?
Com e on, Dave! W hy are you always so slow / slowly?
Bill is a very careful / carefully driver.
Jane is studying hard / hardly for her exams.
“W h ere’s Diane?” “She was here, but she left sudden / suddenly.”
Please be quiet / quietly. I’m studying.
Some companies pay their workers very bad / badly.
Those
oranges look nice / nicely. Can I have one?
10.
11. I don’t rem em ber m uch about the accident. Everything happened quick / quickly.
57.4 Write good or well.
1. Your English is very . g o o d . You speak it very w e ll
on the quiz today.
Jackie did v e ry _____
. I enjoyed it a lot.
The party was very _
M artin has a difficult job, but he does i t _______________ .
H ow are your parents? Are th e y _______________ ?
Did you have a _______________ vacation? Was the w eather .
175
old/older
expensive / more expensive
I'm 92.
I'm 93.
old
old er
heavier
heavy
ex p en siv e
m ore expensive
O ld er / heavier / m ore exp en sive are comparative forms.
The comparative is -er (older) or m ore . . . (m ore expensive).
O ld er/h eavier, etc.
Short words (1 syllable) —►-er:
old —►old er
slow —►slow er
late —►later
n icer
nice
For spelling, see Appendix 5.
cheap —►cheaper
big —►bigger
big —►bigger
W ords ending in -y —►-ier:
easy —►easier
heavy —►heavier
■
■
■
■
■
h o t —►h o tte r
thin —►th in n er
early —►earlier
Rome is old, but Athens is older. (not m ore old)
Is it cheaper to go by car or by train? (not m ore cheap)
H elen wants a b igger car.
This coat is OK, but I think the other one is nicer.
D o n’t take the bus. It’s easier to take a taxi. (not m ore easy)
Far —►farther:
■ “H ow far is it to the station? A m ile?”
“N o, it’s farther. About two miles.”
M ore . . .
Long words (2 /3 /4 syllables)
careful —►m ore careful
expensive —►m ore exp en sive
m ore . . . :
polite —►m ore p o lite
interesting —►m ore in terestin g
You should be m ore careful.
I don’t like my job. I w ant to do som ething m ore interesting.
Is it m ore exp en sive to go by car or by train?
G o o d /w e ll —►b etter
bad —►w orse
■ The w eather wasn’t very go o d yesterday, but it’s better today.
■ “Do you feel b etter today?” “N o, I feel w orse.”
■ W hich is w orse - a headache or a toothache?
older than . . . / more expensive than —►Unit 89
the oldest / the most expensive —►Unit 91
E■
ercises
k
u N 1T 8 8
1 Look at the pictures and write the comparative (older / more interesting, etc.).
3. slow
6. dangerous
\ 2 Write the comparative.
1. old
2. strong
3. happy
4. m odern
5. im portant
older
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
good
large
serious
pretty
crowded
: 3.3 Write the opposite.
1.
2.
3.
younger
older
colder _____________________________
cheaper _____________________________
4. better _
5. nearer _
6. easier _
33.4 Complete the sentences. Use a comparative.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
H elen’s car isn’t very big. She wants a big g er one.
My jo b isn’t very interesting. I w ant to do som ething m o re in te re stin g
You’re not very tall. Your brother i s ___________________________ .
David doesn’t w ork very hard. I w o rk
1
.
My chair isn’t very comfortable. Yours is .
Your idea isn’t very good. My idea i s .
These flowers aren’t very nice. The blue ones are .
My suitcase isn’t very heavy. Your suitcase i s .
I’m not very interested in art. I’m
in history.
It isn’t very w arm today. It w a s ___________________________ yesterday.
These tom atoes don’t taste very good. The other ones ta ste d ____________
Peru isn’t very big. Brazil i s ___________________________ .
Los Angeles isn’t very beautiful. San Francisco i s _______________________
This knife isn’t very sharp. Do you have a ___________________________ one?
People today aren’t very polite. In the past they w e r e ______________________
The w eather isn’t too bad today. O ften it is m u c h _________________________
177
U N I T
89
older than . . .
more expensive than . .
H*
fegasss*
_________ -U»l x g j
m taller than you.
H otel Prices
[per room per night]
Capitol Hotel
$350
Grand Hotel
$130
Western Hotel
$175
The Capitol H otel is m ore exp en sive than the Grand Hotel.
She’s taller than him.
We use than after comparatives (older than . . . / m ore exp en sive than . ., etc.):
■ Athens is o ld er than Rome.
■ Are oranges m ore exp en sive than bananas?
■ It’s easier to take a taxi than to take the bus.
■ “H ow are you today?” “N ot bad. B etter than yesterday.”
■ The restaurant is m ore crow ded than usual.
We usually say: than m e / than h im / than her / than us / than them .
You can say:
■ I can run faster than him . or I can run faster than he can.
■ You are a better singer than m e. or You are a better singer than I am.
■ I got up earlier than her. or I got up earlier than she did.
M o re/less than . . .
60 —
■ A: H ow m uch did your shoes cost? Fifty dollars?
B: No, m ore than that. (= m ore than $50)
■ The movie was very short - less than an hour.
■ They’ve got m ore m o n ey than they need.
■ You go out m ore than me.
M O R E T H A N 50
■50-
40-
LESS TH A N 50
A little old er / m u ch older, etc.
Box A is a little b igger than Box B.
a little
m u ch
bigger
older
better
m ore difficult
m ore expensive
than
old —►older, expensive —►more expensive —►Unit 88
Box C is m u ch b igger than Box D.
Canada is m u ch b igger than France.
Sue is a little old er than Gary - she’s 25 and
h e’s 24.
The hotel was m u ch m ore exp en sive than
I expected.
You go out m u ch m ore than me.
not as . . . as —►Unit 90
U N I
Exercises
Write sentences about Liz and Ben. Use than.
Ben
Liz
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I’m 26.
I’m not a very good swimmer.
I’m 5 feet 10 inches tall.
I start w ork at 8:00.
I don’t w ork very hard.
I don’t have m uch money.
I’m a very good driver.
I’m not very patient.
I’m not a very good dancer.
I’m very intelligent.
I speak Spanish very well.
I don’t go to the movies very much.
Liz is older than Ben
Ben is a better swimmer than Liz
Liz i s ___
. Ben
Liz starts .
B e n ____
Ben h a s .
V
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
I’m 24.
I’m a very good swimmer.
I’m 5 feet 8 inches tall.
I start w ork at 8:30.
I w ork very hard.
I have a lot of money.
I’m not a very good driver.
I’m very patient.
I’m a good dancer.
I’m not very intelligent.
I don’t speak Spanish very well.
I go to the movies a lot.
7. Liz is a
8. Ben
B en.
10. Liz _
11. Liz _
12. Ben .
: .2 Complete the sentences. Use than.
1. H e isn’t very tall. You’re
taller than him
OR
taller than he is
2 . She isn’t very old. You’re .
I don’t w ork very hard. You w o rk ____
He doesn’t w atch TV very much. You .
I’m not a very good cook. Y o u _______
W e don’t know many people. You _
They don’t have m uch money. You .
I can’t run very fast. You can .
She hasn’t been here very long. You .
10. T hey didn’t get up very early. Y o u _
11. H e wasn’t very surprised. Y o u _____
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
:9.3 Complete the sentences with a little or much + comparative {older/better, etc.).
1. Em m a is 18 m onths old. Gary is 16 m onths old.
Em m a /s a little o ld er than O a ry ____________________________________________
2 . Jack’s m other is 52. His father is 69.
Jack’s m o th e r.
3. My camera cost $100. Yours cost $96.
My ca m e ra.
4. Yesterday I felt terrible. Today I feel OK.
I fe e l_________________________________
5. Today the tem perature is 12 degrees Celsius. Yesterday it was 10 degrees Celsius.
It’s
______________________
6. Sarah is an excellent volleyball player. I’m not very good.
S arah ______________________________________________
U N I T
90
not as
as
N o t as . . . as
I'm 93.
She’s old, but she’s not as old as he is.
B
B
B
B
Box A isn’t as b ig as Box B.
Rome is n o t as old as Athens. (= Athens is older)
The Grand H otel isn’t as exp en sive as the W estern. (= the W estern is m ore
expensive)
I don’t play soccer as often as you. (= you play m ore often)
The w eather is better than it was yesterday. It isn’t as cold. (= as cold as it was
yesterday)
N o t as m u ch as . . . / n o t as m any as . . .
fl I don’t have as m u ch m o n ey as you. (= you have m ore m oney)
B I don’t know as m any p eo p le as you. (= you know m ore people)
B I don’t go out as m u ch as you. (= you go out m ore)
C om pare n o t as . . . as and than:
B
B
B
Rome is n o t as old as Athens.
Athens is old er than Rome. (not older as Rome)
Tennis isn’t as p opu lar as soccer.
Soccer is m ore p opu lar than tennis.
I d o n ’t go out as m u ch as you.
You go out m ore than me.
W e usually say: as m e / as h im / as her, etc.
You can say:
B She’s not as old as him .
or She’s not as old as he is.
B You don’t work as hard as m e.
or You don’t work as hard as I do.
W e say the sam e as . . . :
B The w eather today is the sam e as yesterday.
B My hair is the sam e co lo r as yours.
B I arrived at the sam e tim e as Tim.
180
much/many —►Unit 84
older than . . . / more expensive than . . . —►Unit 89
U N I
E <ercises
§C 1 Look at the pictures and write sentences about A, B, and C.
6* I don't w ork
very hard.
I have
: $5 ,0 0 0 .
<er than C, but not as
1. A is
2 . A i s ____
3. C i s ____
4. A i s ____
5. B h a s __
6. C works
I have
$ 3 ,0 0 0 . i
I have
$ 4 ,0 0 0 .
I work
very hard.
I w ork hard, but not too hard.
' as 3
_B, but n o t .
A, b u t _
, b u t __
Write sentences with as . . . as ..
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Athens is older than Rome.
My room is bigger than yours.
You got up earlier than me.
W e played better than them .
I’ve been here longer than you.
She’s m ore nervous than him.
Rom e isn t as old as Athens
Your room isn’t .
I didn’t _______
T h e y _________
Y o u __________
H e ___________
Write as or than.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Athens is older than Rome.
I don’t watch TV as m u c h _____ . you.
You eat m o re ________me.
. I was yesterday.
I’m more tired today .
5.
6.
7.
8.
Joe isn’t as intelligent.
Belgium is sm aller__
Brazil isn’t as b ig ___
I can’t wait more .
he thinks.
. Switzerland.
_ Canada.
. an hour.
*0.4 Complete the sentences about Julia, Andy, and Laura. Use the same age /
the same street, etc.
Andy
Julia
1.
2.
3.
4.
(age)
(street)
(time)
(color)
Andy is the same age as Laura
Julia liv es_
Julia got up .
Andy’s ____
I'm 24.
I live on Hill Street.
I got up at 7 :4 5 .
I have a car. It's dark blue.
I'm 24.
I live on Baker Street.
I got up at 7 :1 5 .
My car is dark blue.
I'm 22.
I live on Hill Street.
I got up at 7 :1 5 .
I don't have a car.
Laura
U N I T
the oldest
the most expensive
-K tix
MOTEL PRICES IN
J A
M
E
S
't
o
w
i
£
[Per room per nig ht]
Box A is b igger than Box B.
Box A is b igger than all the other boxes.
Box A is the b ig g est box.
Best West Motel
$135
Oak Tree Motel
$85
Sleep Inn
$105
Cozy Cabins
$60
Rainbow Motel
$95
Lake View Inn
$50
The Best W est M otel is m ore exp en sive than
the Sleep Inn.
The Best W est M otel is m ore exp en sive than ah
the other motels in town.
The Best W est M otel is the m o st expensive
m otel in town.
B ig g er / old er / m ore expensive, etc. are comparative forms (—►U nit 88).
B ig g est / old est / m o st expensive, etc. are superlative forms.
The superlative form is -est (oldest) or m o s t . . . (m ost expensive).
Short words (o ld /c h e a p /n ic e , etc.) —►the -est:
old —►the old est
cheap —►the cheapest
but good —►the best
bad —►the w orst
nice —►the n icest
For spelling see Appendix 5.
h o t —►the h o ttest
big —►the biggest
Words ending in -y (easy/heavy, etc.) —►the -iest:
easy —►the easiest
heavy —►the heaviest
pretty —►the p rettiest
Long words (ca refu l/ex p en siv e/in terestin g , etc.) - the m o s t . . . :
careful —►the m o st careful
interesting ►the m o st in terestin g
We say the o ld e st. . . / the m ost expensive . . ., etc. (with the):
■ The church is very old. It’s the old est building in the town.
(= it is old er than all the other buildings)
■ W hat is the lo n g est river in the world?
■ M oney is im portant, but it isn’t the m o st im p ortan t thing in life.
■ Excuse me, w here is the nearest bank?
You can use the old est / the best / the m o st expensive, etc. w ithout a noun:
■ Ken is a good player, but he isn’t the best on the team.
(the best = the best player)
You can use superlative + I’ve ever . . . / y o u ’ve ever . . ., etc.:
■ The movie was very bad. I think it’s the w orst movie I’ve ever seen.
■ W hat is the m o st unusual thing y o u ’ve ever done?
present perfect + ever —►Unit 16
older / more expensive —►Units 88-89
U N I T
erases
91
Write sentences with comparatives (older, etc.) and superlatives (the oldest, etc.).
1.
C
big/sm all
(A /D )
A is bigger than V.
(A)
A is the biggest.
(B)
23 is the smallest.
11D
A.
B .
C.
D-
3.
D
I'm 23.
I'm 19.
long/short
(C /A ) C i s .
(D)
D is .
(B)
B is _
A.
I'm 24.
young/old
(D /C ) D _
■
(C)
___
(B)
------
expensive/cheap
(D/A) _____
(C)
_______
(A)
_____
D.
RESTAURANT A excellent
RESTAURANT B not bad
good/bad
(A /C ) _
RESTAURANT C good but not wonderfuL
(A)
_
RESTAURANT D awfuL
(D)
-
Complete the sentences. Use a superlative (the oldest, etc.).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
This building is very old. It’s th e o ld est building
in town.
It was a very happy day. It w a s _____________________________ of my life.
It’s a very good movie. It’s .
I’ve ever seen.
She’s a very popular singer. She’s .
in the country.
It was a very bad mistake. It was _
I’ve ever made.
It’s a very pretty city. It’s _______
I’ve ever seen.
It was a very cold day. It w a s ___
of the year.
H e’s a very boring person. H e’s _
_______I’ve ever met.
1 3 Write sentences with a superlative (the longest, etc.). Choose from the boxes.
Sydr
Alaska
Everest the N ile
B ra zil Jupiter
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
h ig h
large
lo n g
-erty -
cou n try
m ou n tain
river
state
planet
A frica
South A m erica
A u s tr a lia
the w orld
the U n ited States the solar system
Sydney is the largest city in Australia.
E v erest_____________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
183
enough
I only have two dollars
not enough for a taxi.
She isn’t going to take a taxi.
She doesn’t have en ou gh m on ey.
H e can’t reach the shelf.
H e isn’t tall enough.
E n o u g h + noun (enou gh m o n ey / en ou gh p eop le, etc.)
■ “Is there en ou gh salt in the soup?” “Yes, it’s fine.”
■ We w anted to play football, but we didn’t have en ou gh players.
■ W hy don’t you buy a car? You’ve got en ou gh m on ey. (not m oney enough)
E n ou gh w ithout a noun
■ I’ve got some money, but not en ou gh to buy a car.
(= I need m ore m oney to buy a car)
■ “W ould you like some m ore to eat?” “N o, thanks. I’vehad en ou gh .”
■ You’re always at home. You don’t go out enough.
Adjective + en ou gh (good en ou gh / tall en ough, etc.)
■ “Do you w ant to go swimming?” “No, it isn’t w arm en o u g h .”(not enough warm)
M Can you hear the radio? Is it lo u d en ou gh for you?
■ D on’t buy that coat. It’s nice, but it isn’t lo n g en ough. (= it’s too short)
Rem em ber:
en o u g h + noun
but
adjective + en ou gh
tall en ou gh
good en ou gh
old en ou gh
en o u g h m oney
en o u g h time
en o u g h people
W e say:
en o u g h for som ebody/som ething
This sweater isn’t b ig en ou gh for m e.
I don’t have en ou gh m o n ey for a n ew car.
en o u g h to do som ething
I don’t have en ou gh m o n ey to buy a new
car. (not for buy)
Is your English g o o d en ou gh to have a
conversation? (not for have)
en o u g h for som ebody/som ething
to do som ething
There aren’t en ou gh chairs for everybody
to sit down.
to
and for
—►Unit 55
t o o —►Unit 93
xercises
u N ' T 92
: 1 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use enough + these words:
chairs
m o n ey-
p ain t
w in d
1. She doesn’t have enough money
.
2. There aren’t ________________________ .
3. She doesn’t h a v e __________________
4. There isn’t ________________________
I 2 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use these adjectives + enough:
b ig
lo n g
strong
ta ll
1. H e _ isn f tall enough
2. The c a r .
3. His legs aren’t .
4. H e __________
Complete the sentences. Use enough with these words:
b ig
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
eat
len d -
old
p ractice
salt
tim e
space
tired
“Is there enough s a lt in the soup?” “Yes, it’s fine.”
Can you hear the radio? Is it loud enough for you?
He can quit school if he wants - he’s _______________________
W hen I visited N ew York last year, I didn’t h a v e ____________
the things I w anted to see.
This house isn’t
for a large family.
Tina is very thin. She doesn’t _____
My office is very small. T here isn’t .
It’s late, but I don’t w ant to go to bed now. I’m n o t ___
Lisa isn’t a very good tennis player because she doesn’t .
to see all
2.4 Complete the sentences. Use enough with these words:
1. W e don’t have _ enough m o n e y to b u y
2 . This knife isn’t __
3.
4.
5.
6.
The w ater wasn’t .
Do we h a v e _____
W e played well, but n o t .
I don’t h a v e ___________
a new car.
tom atoes,
_ swimming,
. sandwiches?
. the game,
the newspaper,
(money / buy)
(sharp / cut)
(warm / go)
(bread / make)
(well / win)
(time / read)
185
U N I T
too
There is to o m u ch sugar in it.
The shoes are to o b ig for him.
Too + adjective / adverb (too b ig / too hard, etc.)
■ Can you turn the radio down?
It’s too loud. (= louder than I want)
■ I can’t work. I’m to o tired.
■ I think you work to o hard.
It's too loud.
Too m u ch / to o m any = m ore than you want, m ore than is good:
■ I don’t like the w eather here. T here is to o m u ch rain. (= m ore rain than is good)
■ Let’s go to another restaurant. There are to o m any p eo p le here.
■ Emily studies all the time. I think she studies to o m uch.
■ Traffic is a problem in this town. There are to o m any cars.
Com pare to o and n o t enough:
The hat is to o b ig for him.
The radio is to o loud. Can you turn it down, please?
T here’s to o m u ch sugar in my coffee.
(= m ore sugar than I want)
I don’t feel very well. I ate to o m uch.
The hat isn’t b ig en ou gh for him. (= it’s to o sm all)
The radio isn’t lo u d en ou gh. Can you turn it up, please':
T here’s n o t en ou gh sugar in my coffee.
(= I need m ore sugar)
You’re very thin. You don’t eat en ough.
n o t b ig en ou gh
W e say:
186
to o . . . for som ebody/som ething
These shoes are to o b ig for me.
It’s a small house - to o sm all for a large fami_rT|
to o . . . to do som ething
I’m to o tired to go out. (not for go out)
It’s to o cold to sit outside.
to o . . . for somebody to do som ething
She speaks to o fast for m e to understand.
to . . . and f o r . . . —►Unit 55
much/many —►Unit 84
enough —►Unit 92
U N
erases
1 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use too + these words:
b ig
crow d ed
fast
1. The music is . too loud
2. The box i s __
3. The net i s __
h eavy
-loud-
lo w
4. She’s d riv in g __
5. The ball i s ____
6. The m useum is .
Write too / too much / too many or enough.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
You’re always at home. You don’t go out enough
rain.
I don’t like the w eather here. T here’s . too m uch
I can’t wait for them . I don’t h a v e _______________ time.
. people.
There was nowhere to sit on the beach. T here w e re ____
hard.
You’re always tired. I think you w o rk ___________
“Did you h a v e
to eat?” “Yes, thank you.
You d rin k _______________ coffee. It’s not good for you.
___________vegetables. You should eat m ore o f them .
You don’t e a t .
I don’t like the w eather here. It’s _______________ cold.
O ur team didn’t play well. We m a d e _______________ mistakes.
“W ould you like some ice in your tea?” “Yes, but n o t _______________ .
3 Complete the sentences. Use too or enough with these words:
I couldn’t work. I was too tired
Can you turn the radio up, please? I t . isn t loud enough
I don’t w ant to walk home. It’s _____
D o n ’t buy anything in that store. I t _
You can’t put all your things in this bag. I t .
6 . I couldn’t do the exercise. I t _____________
7. Your w ork needs to be better. I t _________
I can’t talk to you now. I
9. I thought the movie was boring. I t .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Complete the sentences. Use too (+ adjective) + to . . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
(I’m not going out / cold)
It’s too cold to go out
(I’m not going to bed / early)
It’s __________________
(they’re not getting m arried / young) They’re .
(nobody goes out at night / dangerous)
It’s ________________________________________
5. (don’t call Sue now / late)
It’s _____________________
6. (I didn’t say anything / surprised)
I w a s _________________________
(tired)
(loud)
(far)
(expensive)
(big)
(difficult)
(good)
(busy)
(long)
U N I T
94
He speaks English very well,
(word order 1)
Verb + object
HB
Sue
reads
subject
verb
a new spaper every day.
object
The verb (reads) and the object (a new spaper) are
usually together. We say:
■ Sue reads a new spaper every day.
(not Sue reads every day a newspaper)
Sue (subject)
a newspaper (object)
verb + object
He speaks
I lik e
Did you w atch
Paul often wears
We in vited
I op en ed
W hy do you always m ake
I’m going to b orrow
B
E n glish very well. (not He speaks very well English)
Italian fo o d very m uch. (not I like very m uch . . .)
telev isio n all night? (not Did you watch all n ig h t. . .)
a black hat. (not Paul wears often . . .)
a lo t o f p eo p le to the party.
the d oor slowly.
the sam e m istake?
som e m o n ey from the bank.
W here and w hen
We w ent
to a party
where?
last n ig h t .
when?
Place (where?) is usually before tim e (when?). We say:
W |
■ We w ent to a party last night. (not We w ent last night to a party)
place
(where?)
Lisa walks
W ill you be
I usually go
We arrived
They’ve lived
Jo e’s father has been
188
to
at
to
at
in
in
time
(when? how long? how often?)
w ork
hom e
bed
the airport
the sam e h ou se
the h ospital
w ord order in questions —»►Units 45-47
every day.
tonight?
early.
at 7:00.
for 20 years.
since June.
(not .. . every day to work)
(n o t. ., . tonight at home)
(not .., . early to bed)
always/usually/often, etc. —►Unit 95
U N I
: <ercises
34 1 Right or wrong? Correct the sentences that are wrong.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Did you watch (all nighTtelevisior^?
Sue reads a newspaper every day.
I like very m uch this picture.
Tom started last week his new job.
I w ant to speak English fluently.
Jane bought for her friend a present.
I drink every day three cups o f coffee.
D o n ’t eat your dinner too quickly!
I borrow ed from my brother 50 dollars.
V id you watch television all night?
OK______________
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
54.2 Put the words in order.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
(the door / opened / I / slowly)
(a new com puter / I / last week / bought)
(finished / Paul / quickly / his work)
(Emily / very well / French / doesn’t speak)
(a lot o f shopping / did / I / yesterday)
(N ew York / do you know / well?)
(we / enjoyed / very m uch / the party)
(the problem / carefully / I / explained)
(we / at the airport / some friends / met)
(did you buy / in Canada / that jacket?)
(every day / do / the same thing / we)
(football / don’t like / very m uch / I)
/ opened the door slowly.
I _____________________
hi .3 Put the words in order.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
(to w ork / every day / walks / Lisa) Lisa walks to work every day.
(at the hotel / I / early / arrived) I ______________________________
(goes / every year / to Puerto Rico / Julia) J u lia __________________
(we / since 2002 / here / have lived) W e ________________________
(in Florida / Sue / in 1984 / was born)
S u e ___________________________________________________________
(didn’t go / yesterday / Paul / to work)
P a u l__________________________________________________________
(to a wedding / last w eekend / w ent / Helen)
H e le n ________________________________________________________
(I / in bed / this m orning / my breakfast / had)
I _______________________________________ ______________________
(in Septem ber / Barbara / to college / is going)
B arb a ra_______________________________________________________
(I / a beautiful bird / this m orning / in the garden / saw)
I _____________________________________________________________
(many times / have been / my parents / to Tokyo)
M y ______________________________________________________ ____
(my um brella / I / last night / left / in the restaurant)
I _____________________________________________________________
(to the movies / tom orrow night / are you going?)
Are
_______________________________________________________
(the children / I / took / this m orning / to school)
I _____________________________________________________________
always/usually/often, etc.
(word order 2)
These words (always/never, etc.) are with the verb in the middle of a sentence:
always
often
ever
rarely
also already
all
usually
so m etim es
never
seld om
ju st still
b oth
■ My brother never speaks to me.
■ She’s always late.
■ Do you often go to restaurants?
■ I so m etim es eat too m uch, (or S o m etim es I eat too much.)
■ “D o n’t forget to call Laura.” “I’ve already called her.”
■ I’ve got three sisters. T hey’re all married.
A lw ays/n ever, etc. are before the verb:
verb
always
o ften
never
etc.
g°
play
have
etc.
■
■
■
■
I always drink coffee in the m orning.
(not I drink always coffee)
H elen often goes to Chicago on business.
(not H elen goes often)
You so m etim es lo o k unhappy.
They usually have dinner at 7:00.
We rarely (or seld om ) w atch television.
Richard is a good swimmer. H e also plays tennis and volleyball.
(not H e plays also tennis)
I’ve got three sisters. They all live in the same city.
B ut alw ays/never, etc. are after a m /is/a r e /w a s/w e r e :
am
1S
are
was
w ere
always
often
never
etc.
1 I am always tired, (not I always am tired)
I They are never at hom e during the day.
It is usually very cold here in the winter.
I W hen I was a child, I was often late for school.
I “W here’s Laura?” “She’s still in bed.”
I’ve got two brothers. T hey’re b oth doctors.
A lw ays/never, etc. are between two verbs (have . . . been / can . . . find, etc.):
verb 2
verb 1
w ill
can
do
etc.
have
has
always
often
never
etc.
g°
find
rem em ber
etc.
gon e
been
etc.
I w ill always rem em b er you.
It d o esn ’t often rain here.
D o you usually drive to work?
I can never fin d my keys.
H ave you ever been to Egypt?
D id the phone ju st ring?
The children have all fin ish ed their hom ework.
always/never + simple present —►Unit 5 just/already + present perfect —►Unit 20
190
b o th —►Unit 83
still —►Unit 96
all —►Units 81-82
U N I
: <ercises
1 Read Paul's answers to the questions. Write sentences about Paul with often/never, etc.
Pau l
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Do you ever play tennis?
Do you get up early?
Are you ever late for work?
Do you ever get angry?
Do you ever go swimming?
Are you at hom e in the evenings?
Yes, often.
Yes, always.
No, never.
Sometimes.
Rarely.
Yes, usually.
Paul often plays tennis.
H e.
He
2 Write these sentences with never/always/usually, etc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
My brother speaks to me. (never)
Susan is polite, (always)
I finish work at 5:00. (usually)
Sarah has started a new job. (just)
I go to bed before m idnight, (rarely)
The bus isn’t late, (usually)
I don’t eat fish, (often)
I will forget w hat you said, (never)
Have you lost your passport? (ever)
Do you w ork in the same place? (still)
They stay at the same hotel, (always)
Jane doesn’t w ork on Saturdays, (usually)
Is Tina here? (already)
W hat do you have for breakfast? (usually)
I can rem em ber his name, (never)
P\y brother never speaks to me.
S usan _________________________
I _____________________________
S arah _________________________
5 3 Write sentences with also.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Do you play football? (basketball)
Do you speak Italian? (French)
Are you tired? (hungry)
Have you been to Mexico? (Guatem ala)
Did you buy any clothes? (some books)
Yes, and I also play basketball.
Yes, and I .
Yes, and _
Y es,_____
r 3 4 Write sentences with both and all.
I'm m arried.
I was born in Venezuela.
I live in Miami.
I live in Lima.
I play soccer.
I'm a student.
I have a car.
1.
I live in Lima.
I play soccer.
I'm a student.
I have a car.
They both live in Lima.
T hey.
soccer.
students.
. cars.
2. T h e y .
They.
. married.
. Venezuela.
U N I T
96
A
still
yet
already
Still
an hour ago
now
The rain
hasn’t stopped
An hour ago it was raining.
still =
■
■
IK
It is still raining now.
som ething is the same as before:
I had a lot to eat, but I’m still hungry. (= I was hungry before, and I’m hungry now)
“D id you sell your car?” “No, I still have it.”
“Do you still live in Los Angeles?” “No, I live in San Francisco now.”
B
T w enty m inutes ago they were
waiting for Bill.
They are still waiting for Bill,
Bill hasn’t co m e yet.
yet = until now
We use yet in negative sentences (He hasn’t come yet.) and in questions (Has he come yet?).
Yet is usually at the end of a sentence:
■ A: W here’s Emma?
B: She isn ’t here yet. (= she will be here, but until now she hasn’t come)
■ A: W hat are you doing tonight?
B: I d o n ’t know yet. (= I will know later, but I don’t know now)
■ A: Are you ready to go yet?
B: N o t yet. In a m inute. (= I will be ready, but I’m not ready now)
■ A: Have you decided w hat to do yet?
B: No, I’m still thinking about it.
Com pare yet and still:
■ She hasn’t left yet. — She’s still here, (not she is yet here)
■ I haven’t finished my hom ew ork yet. = I’m still doing it.
A lready = earlier than expected:
■ “W hat tim e is Joe coming?” “H e’s already here.” (= earlier than we expected)
■ “I’m going to tell you w hat happened.” “T hat’s not necessary. I already know.”
■ Sarah isn’t coming to the movies w ith us. She has already seen the film.
192
already/yet + present perfect/simple past —►Unit 20
word order (still/already) —►Unit 95
U N I T
: <ercises
1 You meet Tina. The last time you saw her was two years ago. You ask her some
questions with still.
Tina - two years ago
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1. I play the piano.
4.
I'm studying
Japanese.
2 I have an old car.
5.
I go to the
movies a lot.
3.
6 . I w ant to be a teacher. 6*
I'm a student.
Do you still play the piano?
Do y o u ___________________
A r e _______________________
___________________________
___________________________
2 Write three sentences for each situation. Look at the example carefully.
now
They w e re w a itin g fo r the bus.
They a re s t ill w aiting._________
The bus hastn t com e yet._______
2.
I'm looking for a job.
(before) He w a s .
(still) H e ____
(yet) -----------
3.
. yet.
asleep.
(before) She .
(still) ____
(yet) ------
4.
(before) They .
(still) _____
(yet) -------dinner
dinner
:6.3 Write questions with yet.
1. You and Sue are going out together. You are waiting for her to get ready. Maybe she is
ready now. You ask her: A re you ready yet?
2. You are waiting for H elen to arrive. She wasn’t here 10 m inutes ago. Maybe she is here now.
You ask som ebody:____________ H e le n ______________________________________________
3. Anna had a blood test and is waiting for the results. Maybe she has gotten her results.
You ask h e r :____________ y o u _______________________________________________________
4. A few days ago you spoke to Tom. H e wasn’t sure w here to go for his vacation. Maybe he
has decided.
You ask h im :____________________________________________________________________ _
96.4 Complete the sentences. Use already.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
W hat tim e is Joe coming?
Do you and Joe w ant to see the movie?
I have to see Julia before she leaves.
Do you need a pen?
Should I pay the bill?
Should I tell Paul about the m eeting?
H e's a lre a d y
here.
No, we i/g a lre a d y seen
it.
It’s too late. S h e _______________
. one.
No, thanks. I _________________
No, that’s OK. I .
. I told him.
No, h e ________
U N I T
Give me that book!
give
len d
pass
send
Give it to me!
show
After these verbs (give/len d , etc.), there are
two possible structures:
give so m eth in g to som eb od y
■ I gave the keys to Sarah.
give som eb od y so m eth in g
■ I gave Sarah the keys.
G ive so m eth in g to som eb od y
T h at’s my book.
T hese are Sue’s keys. C an you
C an you
I
D id you
W e’ve seen these pictures. You
G ive
give
give
len t
send
show ed
som ething
to somebody
it
them
these flowers
my car
a postcard
them
to
to
to
to
to
to
me.
her?
your m other?
a friend o f mine,
Kate?
us yesterday.
G ive som eb od y so m eth in g
Tom
I
H ow m uch m oney did you
I
N icole
C an you
Give
gave
len t
len d
sent
show ed
pass
somebody
som ething
me
his m other
Joe
him?
you
us
me
that book. It’s mine,
some flowers,
some money.
an e-mail. Did you get it?
her vacation photos,
the salt, please?
You can also say “b u y /g e t somebody som ething”:
■ I b ou g h t my m other some flowers. (= I bought some flowers for my mother.)
■ Can you get me a new spaper w hen you go out? (= get a newspaper for me)
You can say:
■ I gave the keys to Sarah.
and I gave Sarah the keys.
(but not I gave to Sarah the keys)
■ T hat’s my book. Can you give it to me?
and Can you give m e that book?
(but not Can you give to me that book?)
We prefer the first structure (give som ething to somebody) w ith it or them :
■ I gave it to her. (not I gave her it)
■ H ere are the keys. Give th em to your father, (not Give your father them )
194
it/him/them, etc. —►Unit 60
u N I
E <ercises
1 Mark had some things that he didn't want. He gave them to different people.
Write sentences beginning He gave . . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
W hat did M ark do w ith the armchair?
He gave it to his brother._____________________
W hat did he do w ith the tennis racket? He g av e_____________________________________
W hat happened to the books?
H e ____________________________ ______________
W hat about the lamp?-------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------W hat did he do w ith the pictures?______ ___________________ __________________________
And the ladder?_______________________ _____________________________ ________________
2 You gave presents to your friends. You decided to give them the things in the pictures.
Write a sentence for each person.
1.
/ pave Paul a book.______________________
2. I g av e________________________________
3. I _____________________________________
4.
5.
6.
3 Write questions beginning Can you give me .. . ? / Can you pass me . . . ?, etc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
(you
(you
(you
(you
(you
(you
(you
w ant the salt)
need an umbrella)
w ant my address)
need 20 dollars)
w ant some inform ation)
w ant to see the letter)
w ant some stamps)
(pass)
Can you pass me the salt? ________________
(lend)
Can y o u __________________________________
(give) C a n _________________ y o u r _______________
(lend) _________________________________________
(send) _________________________________________
(show) _________________________________________
(get)_____________________________________ _________
Which is right?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
I gave to -Sarah th e keys---/ I gave Sarah the keys. (Igave Sarah the keys is right)
I’ll lend to you some m oney if you want. / I’ll lend you some m oney if you want.
D id you send the letter m e? / Did you send the letter to m e?
I w ant to buy for you a present. / I w ant to buy you a present.
Can you pass to me the sugar, please? / Can you pass me the sugar, please?
This is Lisa’s bag. Can you give it to h e r? / Can you give her it?
I showed to the police officer my driver’s license. /
I showed the police officer my driver’s license.
and
and
but
but
or
or
so
because
b eca u se
so
We use these words (conjunctions) to jo in two sentences. They make one longer sentence from
two shorter sentences:
The car stopped.
The driver got out.
The car stopped, and the driver got out.
A n d /b u t/o r
sentence A
W e stayed at hom e
M y sister is m arried
H e doesn’t like her,
I b ought a newspaper,
It’s a nice house,
D o you w ant to go out,
sentence B
and
and
and
but
b ut
or
(we)* w atched television.
(she)* lives in Houston.
she doesn’t like him.
I didn’t read it.
it doesn’t have a garage.
are you too tired?
T t is not necessary to
repeat “w e” and “she.”
In lists, we use commas (,). We use and before the last two things:
■ I got home, had som ething to eat, sat down in an armchair, and fell asleep.
/
/
/
■ Karen is at work, Sue has gone shopping, and Chris is playing football.
So (the result of something)
sentence A
It was very hot,
Joe plays a lot o f sports,
T hey do n ’t like to travel,
sentence B
so
so
so
I opened the window,
he’s very fit.
they haven’t been to many places.
B ecause (the reason for something)
sentence B
sentence A
I opened the w indow
Joe can’t com e to the party
Lisa is hungry
because
because
because
it was very hot.
he’s leaving town.
she didn’t have breakfast.
B ecause is also possible at the beginning. We use a comma.
■ B ecause it was very hot, I opened the window.
In these examples there is m ore than one conjunction:
■ It was late and I was tired, so I w ent to bed.
■ I love N ew York, b ut I w ouldn’t like to live there because it’s too big.
when/while/before, etc. —►Unit 99
U N I T
<ercises
: 1 Write sentences. Choose from the boxes and use and/but/or.
I stayed at hem e;
I bought a n ewspaper.
I w ent to the window.
I w anted to call you.
I ju m p ed into the river.
I usually drive to work.
Do you w ant me to come w ith you?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
I didn’t have your number.
Should I wait here?
I dicbTt-read it.
I took the bus this m orning.
I watched television;.
I swam to the other side.
I looked out.
/ stayed at home and watched television.
/ bought a newspaper, but / didn't read it.
2 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use and/but/so/because.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
It was vervJ hot.1 ............... .. he opened
the window.
/
Thevj couldn’t rplav tennis
Thevj w ent to the m useum .7
Bill wasn’t hunerv.
O J 7 "■ ........................
H elen was late
Sue said
j
: 3 Write sentences about what you did yesterday. Use and/but, etc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
(and)
(because)
(but)
(and)
(so)
(because)
L a st night / stayed at home and studied._____________
/ went to bed very early because / was tired._________
________________________________________________ ___
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
197
When
W hen I w en t ou t, it was rain ing.
This sentence has two parts:
w h en I w en t ou t
+
> > !&
it was rain in g
You can say:
■ W hen I w en t out, it was raining,
It was rain in g w hen I w ent out.
or
W e w rite a com m a (,) if W hen . . . is at the
beginning:
W hen you’re tired, don’t drive.
D on’t drive w h en you’re tired.
H elen was 25 w h en she got m arried.
W hen H elen got m arried, she was 25.
We do the same in sentences w ith b e fo r e/w h ile /a fter :
Always look both ways b efore you cross the street.
B efore you cross the street, always look both ways.
W h ile I was waiting for the bus, it began to rain.
It began to rain w h ile I was waiting for the bus.
H e never played football again after he broke his leg.
A fter he broke his leg, he never played football again.
W hen I am . . . / W hen I go . . . , etc.
N ext week Sarah is going to N ew York.
She has a friend, Lisa, who lives in N ew York,
but Lisa is also going away - to Mexico.
So they w on’t see each other in N ew York.
I'll be in Mexico
when you're here.
Lisa w ill be in Mexico w h en Sarah is in
N ew York.
The time is future (next w eek) but we say:
. . . w h en Sarah is in N ew York.
(not w hen Sarah will be)
We use the present (I am / I go, etc.) w ith a future meaning after when:
■ W hen I get hom e tonight, I’m going to take a shower, (not W hen I will get home)
■ I can’t talk to you now. I’ll talk to you later w h en I have m ore time.
We do the same after b e fo r e /w h ile /a fte r /u n til:
■ Please close the window b efore you go out. (not before you will go)
■ Rachel is going to stay in our apartm ent w h ile we are away, (not while we will be)
■ I’ll wait here u n til you co m e back, (not until you will come back)
if and w hen —►Unit 100
until —►Unit 105
before/while/after —►Unit 106
tercises
1
u N
Write sentences beginning with when. Choose from the boxes.
W hen +
1.
I w ent out I’m tired
I called her
I go on vacation
the program ended
I got to the hotel
+
I turned off the TV
I always go to the same place
there were no rooms
h ^ a s-rain-m gthere was no answer
1 like to watch TV
When / w ent out it was raining.
2
3.
4.
5.
6.
Complete the sentences using the following:
somebody broke into the house
b efore t-hey crossed th e -street
they went to live in France
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
before they came here
while they were away
when they heard the news
they didn’t believe me
They looked both ways before they crossed the street.________________________
They were very su rp rised ____________________________________________________
After they got m a rrie d ,.
T heir house was damaged in a storm .
W here did they liv e _______________
W hile we were asleep,_____________
W hen I told them w hat happened,
Which is right?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
I stay -/ I’ll stay here until you come / you’ll come- back.(Yll stay and youcome are right)
I’m going to bed w hen I finish / I’ll finish my work.
We m ust do som ething before it’s / it will be too late.
H elen is moving away soon. I’m / I’ll be very sad w hen sheleaves / she’ll leave.
D on’t go out yet. W ait until the rain stops / will stop.
We come / W e’ll come and visit you w hen w e’re / w e’ll be in Toronto again.
W hen I come / I’ll come to see you tom orrow, I bring / I’ll bring your DVDs.
I’m going to Q uebec next week. I hope to see some friends of m ine while I’m / I’ll be there.
“I need your address.” “OK, I give / I’ll give it to you before I go / I’ll go.”
I’m not ready yet. I tell / I’ll tell you w hen I’m / I’ll be ready.
Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Can you close the window before you go out________________________________________?
W hat are you going to do w h e n ____________________________________________________ ?
W hen I have enough m oney,_______________________________________________________ .
I’ll wait for you w h ile ______________________________________________________________ .
W hen I start my new j o b , __________________________________________________________ .
W ill you be here w hen ____________________________________________________________ ?
If you see . . . , etc.
If we go
Should we take the
bus or a taxi?
W e'll get there more quickly «
if we take a taxi.
I f can be at the beginning of a sentence or in the middle:
. ' 1
I f at the beginning
■'I
S mm
■
I f we take the bus,
I f you don’t hurry,
I f you’re hungry,
I f the phone rings,
it will be cheaper.
you’ll miss the train.
have som ething to eat.
can you answer it, please?
i f in the m iddle
It will be cheaper
You’ll miss the train
I’m going to the concert
Is it O K
if
if
if
if
we take the bus.
you don’t hurry.
I can get a ticket.
I use your phone?
In conversation, we often use the if-part o f the sentence alone:
■ “Are you going to the concert?” “Yes, i f I can get a tick et.”
■ i
I f you see A nn to m o rro w . . . , etc.
msmm
After if, we use the present (not will). We say i f you see . . . (not if you will see):
■ I f you see Ann tom orrow, can you ask her to call me?
■
I f P m late tonight, don’t wait for me. (not if Iwill be)
■ W hat should we do i f it rains? (not if it will rain)
■ I f I d o n ’t feel well tomorrow, I’ll stay hom e.
I f and w h en
lllli
111
I
I f I go out = it is possible that I will go out, but I’m not sure:
■ A: Are you going out later?
B: Maybe. I f I go out, I’ll close the windows.
W hen I go out = I’m going out (for sure):
■ A: Are you going out later?
B: Yes, I am. W hen I go out, I’ll close the windows.
Com pare w h en and if:
■ W hen I get hom e tonight, I’m going to take a shower.
m I f I’m late tonight, don’t wait for me. (not W hen I’m late)
■ W e’re going to play basketball i f it doesn’t rain, (not w hen it doesn’t rain)
w hen —►Unit 99
if I had / if w e w en t
, etc. —►Unit 101
U N I T
ercises
i 1 Write sentences beginning with if. Choose from the boxes.
you don’t-hurry
you pass the driving test
you fail the driving test
you don’t want this magazine
you want those pictures
you’re busy now
you’re hungry
you need money
+
we can have lunch now
you can have them
I can lend you some
you’ll get your license
you’ll be late
I’ll throw it away
we can talk later
you can take it again
1.
I f you don t hurry, you II be late.
2. If you
J Jpass
T
3. If
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
0.2 Which is right?
1. If Fm / T i l b e- late tonight, don’t wait for me. (Fm is right)
2. W ill you call me if I give / I’ll give you my phone num ber?
3. If there is / will be a fire, the alarm will ring.
4 . If I don’t see you tom orrow m orning, I call / I’ll call you in the afternoon.
5. I’m / I’ll be surprised if M artin and Jane get / will get married.
6. Do you go / W ill you go to the party if they invite / they’ll invite you?
0.3 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.
1. I’m going to the concert if / can get a ticket._________________________________
2. If you don’t hurry, you'll miss the train.______________________________________
3. I don’t w ant to disturb you i f ________________________________________________
4 . If you go to bed early to n ig h t,______________________________________________
5. Turn the television off i f _______________ ____________________________________
6. Tina w on’t pass her driving test i f ___________________________________________
7. If I have tim e to m o rro w ,___________________________________________________
8. We can go to the beach tom orrow i f _________________________________________
9. I’ll be surprised i f __________________________________________________________
0.4 Write if or when.
1.
I f . I’m late tonight, don’t wait for me.
2. I’m going shopping n o w ._______________ I come back, we can have lunch.
3. I’m thinking o f going to see T im ._______________I go, will you come w ith me?
4 . _______________ you don’t w ant to go out tonight, we can stay at home.
5. Is it O K _______________ I close the window?
6. Jo h n is still in high school._______________ he finishes, he wants to go to college.
7. Do you w ant to go on a picnic to m o rro w _______________the w eather is good?
8. W e’re going to Mexico City next week. W e’re going to look for a h o te l_________
we get there. I don’t know w hat w e’ll d o _______________we don’t find a room.
If I had . . .
If we w e n t .. ., etc.
Dan likes fast cars, but he doesn’t have one.
He doesn’t have enough money.
If
I had the
mo n e y , . . .
I f he had the money, he w o u ld buy a fast car.
Usually had is past, but in this sentence had is
not past. I f he had the m oney = if he had the
m oney now (but he doesn’t have it).
If
I
you
it
they, etc.
h a d /k n e w /liv e d /w e n t (etc.) . . . ,
d id n ’t have / d id n ’t k n ow (etc.) . . . ,
w ere . . .,
cou ld . . . ,
I
you
it
they, etc.
w o u ld (n ’t)
co u ld (n ’t)
buy . ..
be . . .
have . . .
go . . . , etc-1
You can say:
■ I f he had the money, he w ould buy a car.
or
He w ould buy a car i f he had the money.
Fd / she’d / th ey’d, etc. = I w o u ld / she w o u ld / they w ou ld, etc.:
■ I don’t know the answer. I f I k n ew the answer, I’d tell you.
■ It’s raining, so w e’re not going out. W e’d get w et i f we w en t out.
■ Jane lives in a city. She likes cities. She w o u ld n ’t be happy i f she lived in the country.
■ I f you d id n ’t have a job, w hat w o u ld you do? (but you have a job)
■ I’m sorry I can’t help you. I’d help you i f I could, (but I can't)
■ i f we had a car, we cou ld travel m ore, (but we don't have a car, so we can't travel much)
I f (I) w a s/w ere . . .
I w ouldn't ao out if I were
You can say i f I/h e /s h e /it was or i f I /h e /s h e /it were:
■ It’s not a very nice place. I w ouldn’t go there i f I
w ere you. (or . . . i f I was you)
■ It would be nice i f the w eather was better.
(or . . . i f the w eather w ere better)
■ W hat would Tom do i f he w ere here?
(or . . . i f he was here)
Com pare:
i f I have / i f it is, etc.
■ I w ant to go and see Helen.
I f I have time, I w ill go today.
(= maybe I’ll have time, so maybe
I’ll go)
■ I like that jacket.
I’ll buy it i f it isn ’t too expensive.
(= maybe it will not be too expensive)
■
I’ll help you i f I can. (= maybe
I can help)
if w e go / if I have / if I can, etc. —►Unit 100
i f I had / i f it was, etc.
■ I w ant to go and see Helen.
I f I had time, I w o u ld go today.
(= I don’t have tim e today, so I will
not go)
■ I like that jacket, but it’s very expensive
I’d buy it i f it w asn ’t so expensive.
(= it is expensive, so I’m not going
to buy it)
■ I’d h elp you i f I cou ld, but I can’t.
U N I T
xercises
101
‘ 1 Complete the sentences.
I don’t know the answer. If I k n e w the answer, I’d tell you.
I have a car. I couldn’t travel very m uch if I didn't h a v e a car.
I don’t w ant to go out. If I _________________________ to go out, I’d go.
W e don’t have a key. If w e _________________________ a key, we could get into the house.
I’m not hungry. I w ould have som ething to eat if I _________________________ hungry.
. it.
6 . Sue enjoys her work. She w ouldn’t do it if s h e ____
speak
a foreign
7. He can’t speak any foreign languages. If h e _______
language, maybe he would get a better job.
. harder, you would have
You don’t try hard enough. If y o u _______________
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
m ore success.
9. I have a lot to do today. If I _____________________
. so m uch to do, we could go out.
.2 Put the verb in the correct form.
1. If h e h a d the money, he w ould buy a fast car. (he / have)
2. Jane likes living in a city. S h e w ouldn t b e happy if she lived in the country,
(she / not / be)
3. If I w anted to learn Italian ,______________________ to Italy. (I / go)
4. I haven’t told H elen w hat happened. She’d be angry i f ______________________
(she / know)
5. I f _______________________ a map, I could show you where I live, (we / have)
. a lot of money? (you / win)
6. W hat w ould you do i f ___
. there if I were you. (I / not / stay)
7. It’s not a very good h o te l..
closer to Miami, we w ould go there m ore often, (we / live)
8. If_
nice if you had m ore time, (it / be)
9. I’m sorry you have to go n o w .__________________
. better, (the salary / be)
10. I’m not going to take the job. I’d take it i f _____________
. w hat to
11. I don’t know anything about cars. If my car broke d o w n ,.
do. (I / not / know)
12. If you could change one thing in the world, w h a t______
(you / change)
.3 Complete the sentences. Use the following (with the verb in the correct form):
we (have) a bigger house
we (buy) a bigger house
we (have) some pictures on the wall
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
it (be) a little cheaper
every day (be) the same
the air (be) cleaner
I (watch) it
I (be) bored
I’d buy that jacket if i t w a s a little c h e a p e r
If there was a good movie on TV to n ig h t,.
This room w ould be nicer i f __
If there wasn’t so m uch traffic,
Life would be boring i f ______
If I had nothing to do,
W e could invite all our friends to stay if _
If we had m ore m oney,_______________
1.4 Complete the sentences. Use your own ideas.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I’d be happier if / h a d less w o rk
If I could go anywhere in the world, _
I w ouldn’t be very happy i f _________
I’d b u y
if _
If I saw an accident in the stre e t,____
The world would be a better place if _
203
a person who . . . a thing that/which . . .
(relative clauses 1)
I m et a woman. She can speak six languages.
2 sentences
she
who
1 sentence •
I m et a w om an w h o can speak six languages.
Jack was wearing a hat. It was too big for him.
2 sentences
it —►that or w h ich
1 sentence •
Jack was wearing a hat that was too big for him
Jack was wearing a hat w h ich was too big for him.
W ho is for people (not things):
A thief is a person
Do you know anybody
T he m an
T he p eo p le
who
who
w ho
who
steals things,
can play the piano?
called
w ork in the office
didn’t give his name,
are very friendly.
T hat is for things or people:
An airplane is a m ach in e
Em m a lives in a h ouse
T he p eo p le
that flies.
that is 100 years old.
that w ork in the office
are very friendly.
You can use that for people, but w h o is m ore common.
W hich is for things (nor people):
An airplane is a m achin e
Em m a lives in a h ouse
w h ich flies. (not a m achine w ho . . .)
w h ich is 100 years old.
Do not use w h ich for people:
■ Do you rem em ber the w om an w h o played the piano at the party?
(not the w om an w hich . . .)
204
w ho and w hich in questions —►Units 46, 48
the people w e met (relative clauses 2) —►Unit 103
U N I T
ercises
1 Choose from the boxes and write sentences: A . . . is a person who . . . . Use a
dictionary if necessary.
a th ief
a butcher
a musician
a patient
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
a dentist
a fool
a genius
a liar
doesn’t tell the truth
takes care o f your teeth
is very intelligent
plays a musical instrum ent
is sick in the hospital
steak-fehmgs
does stupid things
sells m eat
t h ie f is a p e rso n who stea ls things.
A butcher is a person .
A m usician _________
____________________
____________________
_________________
7.
2 Make one sentence from two.
1. (A m an called. H e didn’t give his name.)
The man who ca lle d didn 't g iv e his name.
_
2. (A w om an opened the door. She was wearing a yellow dress.)
The w o m a n ___________________________________________________________a yellow dress.
3. (Some students took the test. M ost o f them passed.)
M ost o f the stu d en ts______________________________________________________________ _
4. (A police officer stopped our car. He wasn’t very friendly.)
T h e _______________________________________________________________________________
3 Write who or which.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
I m et a w om an w ho can speak six languages.
W h at’s the nam e of the m a n ____________ ju st started working in your office?
W h at’s the nam e o f the riv e r_____________ flows through the town?
W here is the p ic tu re _____________ was hanging on the wall?
Do you know anybody____________ wants to buy a car?
You always ask q uestions_____________ are difficult to answer.
I have a frie n d _____________ is very good at fixing cars.
I think everybody
w ent to the party really enjoyed it.
W hy does he always wear clo th es_____________ are too small for him?
4 Right or wrong? Correct the mistakes.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
A th ief is(a person which stealj)things.
a p e rs o n who stea ls _______________
An airplane is a machine that flies.
OK________________________________
A coffee m aker is a machine w ho makes coffee.
_____________________________________
Have you seen the m oney that was on the table? _____________________________________
I don’t like people which never stop talking.
_____________________________________
I know somebody that can help you.
_____________________________________
I know somebody who works in that store._______ _____________________________________
C orrect the sentences who are wrong.
_____________________________________
My neighbor bought a car who cost $60,000.
_____________________________________
U N I T
103
the people we met
the hotel you stayed at (relative clauses 2)
A
The m an is carrying a bag.
It’s very heavy.
2 sentences
The bag (that) he is carrying is very heavy
1 sentence — ——————— ^
Kate w on some money.
W hat is she going to do w ith it?
2 sentence;
W hat is Kate going to do with the m on ey
(that) she won?
—
— -----i sentence ■
— ---------- —---- '
Kate
You can say:
■ The bag that he is carrying . . .
■ . . . the m oney that Kate won?
or
or
The bag he is carrying . . . (with or w ithout that)
. . . the m oney Kate won?
You do not need th a t/w h o /w h ic h w hen it is the object:
subject
The m an
Kate
You
We
verb
object
was carrying
won
w anted
m et
a bag
some m oney
some books
some people
—►the
—►the
—►the
—►the
bag (that) the m an was carrying
m o n ey (that) Kate w on
b ook s (that) you w anted
p eo p le (who) w e m et
■ Did you find the b ook s you wanted? (or . . . the books that you wanted?)
■ T he p eo p le w e m e t were very friendly, (or The people w h o we m e t . . .)
■ E verythin g I said was true, (or Everything that I said . . .)
W e say:
■ The movie w e saw was very good, (not The movie we saw it was . . .)
Sometimes there is a preposition (to /in /a t, etc.) after the verb:
Eve is talk in g to a man,
We stayed at a hotel,
I to ld you about some books,
Do you know the m an Eve is talk in g to?
T he h o tel w e stayed at was near the station.
These are the b ook s I told you about.
W e say:
. . . the books I told you about, (not the books I told you about them )
You can say (a place) w here . . . :
■ T he h o tel w here we stayed was near the station. (= The hotel we stayed a t . . .)
C
206
You m ust use w h o /th a t/w h ic h w hen it is the subject (-► U nit 102):
■ I m et a w om an w h o can speak six languages, (w ho is the subject)
■ Jack was wearing a hat that was too big for him. (that is the subject)
a person who
, a thing that/which
(relative clauses 1) —►Unit 102
: <ercises
uni t
. 1 Make one sentence from two.
1. (H elen took some pictures. Have you seen them?)
Have you seen the pictures Helen took?______________________________________________
2. (You gave me a pen. I’ve lost it.)
I’ve lost t h e ________________________________________________________________________
3. (Sue is wearing a jacket. I like it.)
I like t h e _______________________________________________________________ ___________
4. (I gave you some flowers. W here are they?)
W here are t h e __________________________
5. (He told us a story. I didn’t believe it.)
I __________________________________
6. (You bought some oranges. H ow m uch were they?)
H o w __________________________________________
Make one sentence from two.
1.
(I was carrying a bag. It was very heavy.)
The bag / was carrying was very heavy.
2.
(You cooked a meal. It was excellent.)
T h e.
3. (I’m wearing shoes. They aren’t very comfortable.)
The sh o es_____________________________________
4. (We invited some people to dinner. They didn’t come.)
T h e ______________________________________________
pi 3 3 You ask your friend some questions. Complete the sentences.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Your friend stayed at a hotel. You ask:
W h at’s the nam e of the hotel you stayed at?
Your friend was talking to some people. You ask:
W ho are the people .
Your friend was looking for some keys. You ask:
D id you find the
Your friend is going to a party. You ask:
W here is t h e ________________________
Your friend was talking about a movie. You ask:
W h at’s the nam e o f _________________________
Your friend is listening to some music. You ask:
W h at’s th a t _________________________________
Your friend was waiting for an e-mail. You ask:
Did you g e t______________________________ __
3 4 Complete the questions. Use where.
1.
Jo h n stayed at a hotel. You ask him:
Did you like the hotel where you stayed
2. Sue had dinner in a restaurant. You ask her:
W h at’s the nam e o f the re sta u ran t________
3. Sarah lives in a town. You ask her:
H ow big is the
4. Richard works in a factory. You ask him:
W here exactly i s _____________________
U N I T
at
8:00
on Monday
in April
At
at
8:00
10:30
m idnight, etc.
■ I start w ork at 8:00 in th e m orn in g.
■ The banks close at 5:00.
night
the end o f . . .
■ I can’t sleep at night.
■ I’m taking a trip at the end o f O ctober.
On
(on)
You
■
■
■
■
Sunday(s) / Monday(s), etc.
April 25 / June 6, etc.
M onday m orning / Tuesday afternoon / Friday night, etc.
N ew Year’s Day, etc.
can say:
Bye! See you on Friday, or See you Friday, (with or w ithout on)
Do you work on Sundays? or Do you w ork Sundays?
The concert is on N ovem b er 20. or The concert is N ovem b er 20.
I’m leaving on Friday n ight, or I’m leaving Friday night.
We say on the w eek en d / on w eek en ds (always w ith on).
■ They like to eat out on the w eek en d / on w eekends.
In
APRIL
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
in
A pril/June, etc.
2009/1968, etc.
the spring/sum m er/fall/w inter
the m orning/afternoon/evening
I’m taking a trip in O ctober.
Amy was born in 1988.
The park is beautiful in the fall.
Do you often go out in the evening
We do not use a t /o n /in before:
this . . . (this m o rn in g / this week, etc.)
every . . . (every day / every w eek, etc.)
l a s t . . . (last A ugust / last w eek, etc.)
n e x t . . . (next M onday / n ext week, etc.)
W hat are you doing this w eekend?
We go on vacation every sum m er. Last
su m m er we w ent to Europe.
I’m leaving next Monday. (not on next M on:
In five m in u tes / in a few days / in six w eeks / in tw o years, etc.
now
208
in five m in u tes
in/at/on (places) —►Units 107-108
Hurry! The train leaves in five m inutes.
(= it leaves five m inutes from now)
Bye! I’ll see you in a few days.
(= a few days from now)
U N
: ;ercises
104
Write at or in.
1. Amy was born in 1988.
_______ 8:00 this m orning.
I got u p _____
I like to get up e a rly __________ the m orning.
I like to look at the sta rs__________ night.
My brother got m a rrie d __________ May.
We often go to the b e a c h
the summer.
7:30 tom orrow night.
Let’s m e e t.
1989.
8. The company sta rte d __
the end of the m onth.
9. I’ll send you the m oney .
the evening. It closes .
10. The cafe is o p e n ______
m idnight.
2 Write at/on/in.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6
.
on
m
June 6
the evening
half past two
W ednesday
1997
Septem ber
7.
8.
9.
.
10
11.
.
12
. Septem ber 24
. Thursday
. 11:45
. Christmas Day
. noon
. the m orning
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Friday m orning
. Saturday night
. night
. the end of the day
. the w eekend
. the w inter
3 Which sentence is correct - A, B, or both of them?
1. I’m taking a trip in October.
2 Do you w ork Sundays?
3. I always feel tired at the evening.
4. I’m leaving next Saturday.
5. T im started his new job on May 18.
6 Laura finished high school in 2002.
7. We m eet on every Tuesday.
We don’t often go out in night.
I can’t m eet you Thursday.
10 Lisa saw Sam M onday night.
11 I’m leaving in the end of this m onth.
12. Tim goes to the gym on Fridays.
.
.
.
.
B
I’m taking a trip on October.
Do you w ork on Sundays?
I always feel tired in the evening.
I’m leaving on next Saturday.
Tim started his new jo b May 18.
Laura finished high school 2002.
W e m eet every Tuesday.
W e don’t often go out at night.
I can’t m eet you on Thursday.
Lisa saw Sam on M onday night.
I’m leaving at the end of this m onth.
Tim goes to the gym Fridays.
A
both
A Write sentences with in . . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
It’s 8:25 now. The train leaves at 8:30.
It’s M onday today. I’ll call you on Thursday.
Today is June 14. My exam is on June 28.
It’s 3:00 now. Tom will be here at 3:30.
The tra in lea ve s in fiv e m inutes.
I’ll
My
Tom
days.
4.5 Write at/on/in if necessary. Sometimes the sentence is already complete, and no word
is necessary.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
7.
They like to eat out on weekends.
I’m going - next Friday, (already complete)
I always feel tir e d __ . the evening.
10
this evening?
W ill you be at hom e .
11
We w ent to France _ _ last summer.
12.
Laura was b o r n ____ 1994.
.
.
W hat are you d o in g
the weekend?
I call R o b e rt
every Sunday.
Should we play te n n is
next Sunday?
I couldn’t go to the p a rty
last weekend.
I’m going out. I’ll be b a c k _____ an hour.
light.
I don’t often go o u t .
209
U N I T
from . . . to
until
since
for
F rom . . . to . . .
■ We lived in Japan from 1996 to 2005.
■ I w ork from M onday to Friday.
You can also say from . . . u n t i l . . . :
■ W e lived in Japan from 1996 u n til 2005.
from M onday to Friday
Monday
Friasf
U n t i l . ..
u n til
Friday
D ecem ber
3:00
I come back
They’re leaving tow n tomorrow.
They’ll be away u n til Friday.
I w ent to bed early, but I wasn’t tired.
I read a book u n til 3:00 a.m .
W ait here u n til I co m e back.
u n til Friday
Fridc j
You can also say till (= u n til):
■ W ait here till I come back.
Com pare:
■ “H o w lo n g will you be away?” “U n til Monday.”
■ “W hen are you coming back?” “O n Monday.”
Since + a tim e in the past (to now)
We use since after the present perfect (have been / have done, etc.):
■ Joe is in the hospital. He has been
in the hospital since M onday.
since M onday
(— from M onday to now)
Monday
■ Sue and Dave have been
m arried since 2002.
(= from 2002 to now)
■ It has been raining since I arrived.
Com pare:
■ W e lived in Japan from 1996 to 2005.
We lived in Japan u n til 2005.
■ N ow we live in Denver. W e came to Denver in 2005.
We have lived in D enver since 2005. (= from 2005 until now)
We use for (not since) + a period of time (three days / 10 years, etc.):
■ Joe has been in the hospital for three days. (not since three days)
For + a period of time
for
three days
10 years
five m inutes
a long time
■ Gary stayed w ith us for
three days.
■ I’m going away for
a few weeks.
for three days
Sunday
Monday
They’ve been m arried for 10 years.
210
present perfect + for/since —►Units 17-18
present perfect (I have lived) and simple past (I lived) —►Unit 21
Tu
U N I T
^erases
1 Read the information and complete the sentences. Use
Alex
I live in Japan now.
I lived in Canada
before.
I came to Japan in
2003.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Jin Sook
I live in Australia now.
I lived in South Korea
before.
I came to A ustralia
in 2007.
(A1ex / Canada / 1995 -+ 2003)
(Alex / Canada / —►2003)
(Alex / Japan / 2003 —►
)
(Jin Sook / South Korea —►2007)
(Jin Sook / Australia / 2007 —►
)
(Beth / a hotel / 2002-2005)
(Beth / a restaurant / 2005 -►)
(Adam / a teacher / 1996-2002)
(Adam / a journalist / 2002 -►)
from
. ..
105
to / until / since
Beth
Adam
I work in a restaurant
now.
I worked in a hotel before.
I started w ork in the
restaurant in 2005.
I'm a journalist now.
I w as a teacher
before.
I started work as a
journalist in 2002.
Alex lived in C anada fro m 1995 to 2003
Alex lived in C an ad a_
Alex has lived in Japan .
Jin Sook lived in .
Jin Sook has lived in .
. 2002
B eth w o rk e d ______
B eth has w o rk e d ___
Adam was a _______
Adam has b e e n ____
.2003
Now write sentences with for.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
(Alex / Canada)
(A le x /Ja p an )
(Jin Sook / Australia)
(Beth / a hotel)
(Beth / restaurant)
(Adam / a teacher)
(Adam / a journalist)
A le x liv e d in C anada fo r e ig h t y e a r s
Alex has lived in Japan .
Jin Sook h a s _________
B eth w o rk e d _________
B e th ________________
A d a m _______________
A d a m _______________
2 Write until/since/for.
1. Sue and Dave have been m arried . sin ce 2002.
1
10:00.
2 I was tired this m orning. I stayed in b e d
3. We waited for S u e _____________ half an hour, but she didn’t come.
4. “Did you ju st get here?” “N o, I’ve been h e r e _____________ 7:30.”
5. “H ow long did you stay at the party last night?” “_____________ m idnight.”
6 . Dan and I are good friends. We have know n each o th e r _____________ 10 years.
7. I’m tired. I’m going to lie d o w n _____________ a few minutes.
8 (in an airplane that's landing) Please stay in your seats_________ the airplane reaches the gate.
9. This is my house. I’ve lived h e r e _____________ I was seven years old.
_ Wednesday.
10 Jack is out o f town. H e’ll be away .
. three days.
11. N ext week I’m going to Chicago _
6 :00 .
12 I usually finish w ork at 5:30, but sometimes I work .
. we were in high school.”
13. “H ow long have you know n Anna?”
_________ 20 minutes.
14. W here have you been? I’ve been waiting for you
.
.
.
.
211
before
after
during
while
Before, during, and after
d u rin g the movie
b efore the movie
TO':-?
after the movie
"
Everybody feels nervous before a test.
I fell asleep d urin g the m ovie.
We were tired after our visit to the m useum .
B efore, w h ile, and after
b efore we played
w h ile we were playing
after we played
D o n’t forget to close the window b efore you go out.
I often fall asleep w h ile P m reading.
They w atched TV after they d id the dishes.
D u rin g, w h ile, and for
We use d urin g + noun (during the m ovie). We use w h ile + verb (while P m reading):
■ We didn’t speak d u rin g the m eal.
but
We didn’t speak w h ile w e w ere eating. (not during we were eating)
Use for (not during) + a period of time (three days / tw o hours / a year, etc.):
■ We played basketball for tw o hours, (not during two hours)
■ I lived in Florida for a year, (not during a year)
You can use b efo re/a fter + -in g (before g o in g / after eating, etc.):
■ I always have breakfast b efore g o in g to work. (= before I go to work)
■ A fter d o in g the dishes, they w atched TV. (= after they did)
Rem em ber: W e say b efore g o in g (not before to go), after d o in g (not after to do), etc.:
■ B efore eatin g the apple, I washed it carefully, (not before to eat)
■ I started w ork after reading the newspaper, (not after to read)
past continuous (I was -ing) —►Units 13-14
for —►Unit 105
before/after/while/when —►Unit 99
prepositions + -ing —►Unit 113
U N I T
: <ercises
In.:, 1 Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes.
r
alter
before
.
during
°
while
+
lunch
.
the concert
.
the course
the end
,
the testi
• i
the night
they w ent to Mexico
,
. .
you re waiting
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Everybody was nervous b e fo re th e te s t
I usually w ork four hours in the m orning and another three h o u rs .
The movie was really boring. W e l e f t.
Anna w ent to night school to learn Germ an. She learned a l o t .
My aunt and uncle lived in Chicago .
A: Somebody broke a w in d o w ________________________________ . Did you hear anything?
B: No, I was asleep all the time.
7. W ould you like to sit down .
“Are you going h o m e
?” “Yes, I have to get up early tom orrow .”
6.2 Write during/while/for.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
W e didn’t speak w h ile
we were eating.
W e didn’t speak during the meal.
Gary called _____________ you were out.
I stayed in R o m e ____________ five days.
Sally didn’t read any new spapers_____________ she was on vacation.
The students looked very b o re d
the class.
I fell out of b e d ____________ I was asleep.
Last night I w atched T V _____________ three hours.
I don’t usually watch T V
the day.
Do you ever watch T V _____________you are having dinner?
:5.3 Complete the sentences. Use -ing (doing, having, etc.).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
After doing
the dishes, they w atched TV.
I felt sick a fte r_______________too m uch chocolate.
I’m going to ask you a question. Think carefully b e fo re _______________ it.
I felt awful w hen I got up this m orning. I felt better a fte r
a shower.
A fte r_______________my work, I left the office and w ent home.
B e fo re _______________ to a foreign country, you should try and learn a little of
the language.
76.4 Write sentences with before + -ing and after + -ing.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
They did the dishes. Then they w atched TV.
After doing th e dishes, th e y w a tc h e d TV.__________________________________________
Jo h n finished high school. T hen he w orked in a bookstore for two years.
Jo h n w o rk e d
__
I read for a few minutes. Then I w ent to sleep.
B e fo re
________________________
W e walked for three hours. We were very tired.
A fte r________________________________________________________________ ______________
Let’s have a cup o f coffee. T hen w e’ll go out.
Let’s
_
U N I T
in
107
at
on (places 1)
In
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
a store
a room
a car
the w ater
a garden
a tow n
a park
Brazil
“W here’s David?” “In the kitchen. / In the garden. / In S eou l.”
W hat’s in that b ox / in that bag / in that closet?
Rachel works in a store / in a bank / in a factory.
I w ent for a swim in the river / in the p o o l / in the ocean.
M ilan is in the n orth o f Italy. Naples is in the south.
I live in a b ig city, but I’d like to live in the country.
At
i;
at the bus stop
at the door
at the traffic light
■ T here’s somebody at the bus stop / at th e door.
■ The car is waiting at th e traffic light.
■ Jane is working at her desk.
at the top / at the b o tto m / at the end (of. . .):
■ W rite your nam e at the top o f the page.
■ My house is at the end o f the street.
at her desk
at the top (of the page)
at the bottom (of the page
On
:
on
on
on
on
on a wall
on the ceiling
on a door,
etc.
a shelf
a plate
a balcony
the floor,
etc.
There
There
D on’t
There
are some books on the s h e lf and some pictures on the wall.
are a lot of apples on th ose trees.
sit on the grass. It’s wet.
.
is a stamp on the en velope.
/ S M a p h S tr e e t
Aforthport, NY
O n a horse / on a b icycle / on a m otorcycle:
11768
■ W ho is that m an on the m otorcycle?
214
the top / the bottom, etc. —►Unit 71
at/on/in (time) —►Unit 104
in/at/on (places 2) —►Unit 108
envelore
xercises
U N
I T | Q
7
',1 Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use in/at/on.
5. (the bus stop)
6. (the field)
7. (the balcony)
8. (the pool)
'hfyr'
SI
10. (the ceiling)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
W here
W here
W here
W here
W here
W here
is he? In th e kitchen.______
are the shoes?______________
is the p e n ? _________________
is the clock?________________
is the b u s? __________________
are the h orses?______________
11. (the table)
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
W here
W here
W here
W here
W here
W here
f
/o V -
12. (the table)
are they standing?
is she swimming?
is he standing?__
is the spider?____
is he sitting?____
is she sitting?___
7 2 Write in/at/on.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
D o n ’t sit on the grass. It’s wet.
W hat do you h a v e _____ your bag?
Look! T here’s a m a n ___ the roof. W hat’s he doing?
There are a lot o f fis h
this river.
O u r house is num ber 45 - the num ber i s
the door.
“Is the post office near here?” “Yes, turn l e f t
the traffic light.”
I have a small vegetable g a rd e n ______ the backyard.
My sister liv es_______Prague.
T here’s a small p a r k _______ the top of the hill.
I think I heard the doorbell. T here’s som ebod y______ the door.
M unich is a large c ity _______the south o f Germany.
T here’s a gas statio n ______ the end o f the block.
It’s difficult to carry a lot
of th in g s_a bicycle.
I looked at the list of names. My nam e w a s ______ the bottom .
There is a m irro r
the w a ll
the living room.
215
U N I T
in
at
on (places 2)
1
In
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
“W h ere’s Kate?” “She’s in b ed.”
David’s father is sick. H e’s in the hospital.
I like to look at the stars in the sky at night.
W hat’s the largest city in th e world?
I read about the accident in the new spaper.
You look sad in this p hotograph.
Did you come here in your car?
T here’s a big tree in the m id d le of the yard.
bed
the hospital
the sky
the world
a newspaper / in a book
a photograph / in a picture
a car / in a taxi
the middle ( o f . . .)
At
“W here’s Kate?” “She’s at w ork.”
Do you w ant me to m eet you at the station'
I saw your brother at the p ost o ffic e todav
A: W here were you yesterday?
B: At m y sister’s.
I saw Tom at the d o cto r’s.
T here w eren’t many people at the party.
at w ork / at school
at the station / at the airport
at the post office / at the superm arket
at Jan e’s (house) / at my sister’s (house) /
at the doctor’s / at the hairdresser’s, etc.
at a concert / at a party / at a football
game, etc.
You can say b e/sta y h o m e or b e/sta y at h o m e (with or w ithout at).
■ Is Tom at hom e? or Is Tom hom e?
O ften it is possible to use at or in for buildings (hotels, restaurants, etc.):
■ We stayed at a nice hotel, or W e stayed in a nice hotel.
You can say at sch ool or in school, but there is a difference.
She’s at school = she’s there now
■ “W here’s your sister? Is she hom e?”
“No, she’s at sch ool.”
She’s in school = she’s a student (in high school / college / medical school, etc.)
■ “Does your sister have a job?” “N o, she’s still in sch ool.”
On
i
A
m
D
on the second floor
6
on a bus / on a train / on a plane / on a ship
Did you come here on the bus?
on the first floor (or ground floor), on the
second floor, etc.
The office is on the second floor.
(not in the second floor)
on the way (to . . .) / on the way hom e
I m et Ann on the w ay to w ork /
on the way home.
on a street
My brother lives on a nice street.
in/at/on (places 1) —►Unit 107
to/in/at—►Unit 109
on the left/right —►Unit 110
U N I T
E ercises
f!«: 1 Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use in/at/on.
2. (the airport)
CHECK- IN
1. (the hospital)
A lR P O & T
J
|
p
i
7. (the doctor’s)
8. (the second floor)
^ \ r - T -----
6. (a party)
*
*
4. (a ship)
l
5. (the sky)
C
3. (bed)
#
^
1 £nd flOOH?
Steve *
9. (work)
10. (a plane)
| 11. (a taxi)
12. (a wedding)
f
1. W here is she? In th e hospital._______
2. W here are th e y ?_____________________
3. W here is h e ? ________________________
4. W here
are th e y ? ________________
5. W here
are the stars?____________
6. W here
are th e y ? ________________
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
W here
W here
W here
W here
W here
W here
i
t
is Steve?__________________
is the restaurant?___________
is sh e? ____________________
are_th e y ? __________________
are_th e y ? __________________
are_th e y ? __________________
5.2 Write in/at/on.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
“W h ere’s your sister? Is she hom e?” “N o, she’s a t
school.”
There was a big ta b le
the m iddle o f the room.
W hat is the longest riv e r______ the world?
W ere there many p e o p le ______ the concert last night?
W ill you b e _______hom e tom orrow afternoon?
W ho is the m a n ______ this picture? Do you know him?
“Is your son going to get m arried soon?” “No, h e’s s till_______college.”
Gary is coming by bus. I’m going to m eet h im ______ the station.
Charlie i s _____ the hospital. H e had an operation yesterday.
H ow many pages are th e r e ____ this book?
“Are you hungry after your trip?” “Yes, there was nothing to e a t _______the plane.”
I’m sorry I’m late. My car broke d o w n
the way here.
“Is Tom here?” “N o, h e’s _______ his brother’s.”
D o n ’t believe everything you re a d _______the newspaper!
I walked to work, but I came h o m e _____ the bus.
A: (on the phone) Can I speak to Anne, please?
B: No, sorry. She’ll b e
the university until 5:00 today.
U N I T
109
to
in
3
at (places )
To
In /a t (-* Units 106-107)
g o /c o m e /r e tu r n /w a lk (etc.) to
be / stay / do so m eth in g (etc.) in
f Jk
■to New York City
W e’re g o in g to N ew York on Sunday.
I w ant to go to M exico next year.
W e w alk ed from my house to the m all.
W hat tim e do you go to bed?
S
■ The Statue o f Liberty is in N ew York.
■ My brother lives in M exico.
■ The best stores are in the m all.
■ I like to read in bed.
be / stay / do so m eth in g (etc.) a t . . .
: S'
A
I
The bus is at the airport.
Sarah w asn ’t at w ork yesterday.
I m et a lo t o f p eo p le at the party.
H elen stayed at her b roth er’s house.
T he bus is g o in g to th e airport.
Karen didn’t go to w ork yesterday.
I w en t to a party last night.
W e’d like you to co m e to our house.
H om e
g o /c o m e /w a lk (etc.) h o m e (without to)
■ I’m tired. I’m g o in g h om e.
(not to home)
■ Did you w alk hom e?
b e/sta y (at) h o m e (with or w ithout at)
■ I’m staying h o m e tonight.
(or I’m staying at hom e.)
But: do som ething (work, w atch TV, etc.)
at h o m e
■ Dan doesn’t go to an office. He w orks
at h om e.
A rrive and get
jj|
arrive in a country or tow n (arrive in M exico / arrive in Tokyo, etc.):
■ They arrived in B razil last week, (not arrived to Brazil)
arrive at other places (arrive at the station / arrive at w ork, etc.):
■ W hat
time did you
arrive at the hotel? (not arrive to the hotel)
get to (a place):
■ W hat
■ W hat
time did you
time did you
get to the hotel?
get to Tokyo?
get h o m e / arrive h o m e (no preposition):
I I was tired w hen I g o t h om e, or I was tired w hen I arrived hom e.
been to —►Unit 16
get (to
Unit 57
in/at —►Units 107-108
U N I T
ercises
: 1 Write to or in.
1. I like reading in bed.
2. W e’re g o in g ______Italy next m onth.
3. Sue is on v acatio n______ Mexico
right now.
4. I have to g o ______ the bank today.
5.
6.
7.
8.
I was tired, so I stayed_______bed.
W hat tim e do you usually g o ______ bed?
Does this bus g o
the airport?
W ould you like to liv e _______another country?
5 2 Write to or at if necessary. Sometimes no preposition is necessary.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Paula didn’t go to w ork yesterday.
I’m tired. I’m going
- hom e, (already complete)
Tina is sick. She w e n t_______ the doctor.
W ould you like to c o m e _______ a party on Saturday?
“Is L iz __________hom e?” “No, she w e n t________ w ork.”
There were 20,000 p e o p le
the football game.
W hy did you g o
hom e early last night?
A boy ju m p ed into the river and sw am _______ the other side.
There were a lot of people w a itin g _______ the bus stop.
We had d in n e r_______ a restaurant, and then we w ent b a c k ________ the hotel.
: 3 Write to, at, or in if necessary. Sometimes no preposition is necessary.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Joe is coming tom orrow. I’m m eeting him a t the airport.
W e’re g o in g _______ a concert tom orrow night.
I w e n t_______ Chile last year.
How long did you stay ________ Chile?
N ext year we hope to g o _______ Japan to visit some friends.
Do you w ant to g o ________ the movies tonight?
Did you park your c a r _______the station?
After the accident,three people were ta k e n ________ the hospital.
H ow often do you g o _______ the dentist?
“Is Sarah here?” “N o, she’s ________ H elen’s.”
My house i s _______ the end of the block on the left.
I w e n t_______ M aria’s house, but she wasn’t ________ home.
There were no taxis, so we had to w a lk _______ home.
“W ho did you m e e t
the party?” “I didn’t g o ________ the party.”
r 4 Write to, at, or in if necessary. Sometimes the sentence is already complete, and no
word is necessary.
1. W hat time do you usually get
________ work?
2. W hat time do you usually get
________ home?
3. W hat tim e did you a rriv e_______
the party?
4. W hen did you a rriv e________ Dallas?
5. W hat time does the plane g e t _______
Paris?
6. We arriv ed ________ hom e very late.
r,5 Complete these sentences about yourself. Use to/in/at.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
At 3:00 this m orning I was in b e d
Yesterday I w e n t.
At 11:00 yesterday m orning I w a s .
O ne day I’d like to g o __________
I don’t like going .
At 9:00 last night I was
next to, between, under, etc.
N ex t to / b etw een / in front o f / in back o f
a
Bob
-Eric
Alice is n ext to Bob. or Alice is b eside Bob.
Bob is b etw een Alice and Carla.
D on is in front o f Bob.
Eric is in back o f Bob.
-Carla
Alice
also
Alice is on the left.
Carla is on the right.
Bob is in the m id d le (of the group).
Don
Across from / in front o f
Bruce
Chris
Anne is sitting in fron t o f Bruce.
Anne is sitting across from Chris.
Chris is sitting across from Anne.
B y (= next to)
W ho is that m an standing by the w indow ?
O ur house is by the ocean. (= next to the ocean)
If you feel cold, why don’t you sit by th e fire?
by the w indow
J*
■ The cat is under the table.
■ The girl is standing under a tree.
■ I’m wearing a jacket under m y coa:
under a tree
under the table
A is above the line.
(= higher than the line)
B
B is b elo w the line.
(= lower than the line)
up/over/through, etc. —* Unit 111
b y —* Unit 112
HI
The pictures are
above the shelves.
The shelves are
b elo w the picture
m ilit ia
ercises
u N ' T 110
1 Where are the people in the picture? Complete the sentences.
Barbara
Donna
Kevin
Emily
Fred
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Kevin is standing in back o f Fred.
Emily.
Fred is sitting
Barbara.
Emily is sitting
D onna and Fred.
Emily is sitting
Emily.
D onna is sitting
Kevin.
Fred is sitting
Donna.
Alan is standing
left.
Alan is standing
middle.
Barbara is standing
: 2 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
The cat is u n d er the table.
the house.
T here is a big tree
the clouds.
The plane is flying
the piano.
She is standing
the right.
The movie theater is
D
the phone.
She’s sitting
The calendar is
The cabinet is
There are some shoes
The plant is
Paul is sitting
In Japan people drive
the clock.
the sink.
the bed.
the piano.
Anna.
the left.
*0.3 Write sentences about the picture.
supermarket
I theater I
s office
NOW
SHOWING
1. (next to)
The bank is n e x t to th e________
bookstore._____________________________
2. (in front of) T h e _______________ in front of
3.
(across from)
4.
(next to)
5.
(above)
6.
(between)
bookstore
fountain
221
upf over, through, etc.
Jane is going to France next week.
We walked from the hotel to the station.
A lot o f English words come from Latin.
to
M We ju m p ed in to the water.
■ A m an came ou t o f the house and got
in to a car.
■ W hy are you looking ou t o f the window?
■ I took the old batteries ou t o f the radio.
I
in to (in)
on
\ p t
over
■ 1 i'
th rou gh
.I ■
from
!
We say p u t som ething in . . . (not usually into):
■ I p u t new batteries in the radio.
ou t o f
D on’t pu t your feet on the table.
Please take your feet o f f the table.
I’m going to hang some pictures on the wall.
Be careful! D on’t fall o f f your bicycle.
We got on the bus downtown.
We walked up the hill to the house.
Be careful! D on’t fall d ow n the stairs.
o ff
d uow
w nu
n I
\
_____________
■ The plane flew over the m ountains.
■ I ju m p ed over the wall into the garden.
■ Some people say it is unlucky to walk
under a ladder.
A bird flew into the room th rou gh a
window.
T he old highway goes th rou gh the town.
The new road goes around the town.
The bus stop is ju st around the corner.
I walked around the tow n and took
some pictures.
I was walking alon g the road w ith my dog.
Let’s go for a walk alon g the river.
The dog swam across the river.
They walked past me w ithout speaking.
A: Excuse me, how do I get to the hospital?
B: Go along this street, past the movie
theater, under the bridge, and the
hospital is on the left.
under
around
across
hospital
movie theater
y
bridge
U N I
: 1ercises
1 Somebody asks you how to get to a place.
You say which way to go. Look at the pictures
and write sentences beginning Go . . . .
Excuse me,
where i s . . . ?
Go .
2 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The dog swam a cro ss the river.
A book f e ll____________ the shelf.
A plane fle w ____________ the town.
A wom an g o t ____________ the car.
A girl r a n _____________ the street.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Suddenly a car c a m e ____________ the corner.
They d ro v e _____________ the town.
They g o t
the train.
The m oon travels______________the earth.
They g o t________the h o u se ________ a window.
.3 Complete the sentences. Use over/from/into, etc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
I lo o k e d ____________ the window and w atched the people in the street.
My house is near here.
It’s j u s t _________ the corner.
“W h ere’s my phone?” “You put i t __________ your bag.”
H ow far is i t ____________ h e r e ______________the airport?
W e w a lk e d ____________ the m useum for an hour and saw a lot o f interesting things.
You can p u t your c o a t_____________ the back of the chair.
In tennis, you have to hit the b a ll
the net.
Silvia took a k e y ____________ her bag and opened the door.
U N I T
112
on
at
by
with
about
On
on
on
on
on
on
on
vacation
television
the radio
the p h on e
fire
tim e (= not late)
Jane isn’t at w ork this week. She’s on vacation.
We w atched the news on television .
W e listened to the news on the radio.
I spoke to Rachel on the p h o n e last night.
The house is on fire! Call the fire departm ent.
“Was the train late?” “N o, it was on tim e.”
At
at (the age of) 21 / at 50 k ilo m eters an h ou r / at 100 degrees, etc.:
■ Lisa got m arried at 21. (or. . . at the age o f 21.)
■ A car uses m ore gas at 70 m iles an h our than at 55.
■ W ater boils at 100 degrees C elsius.
By
by car / by bus / by plan e / by bike, etc.:
B Do you like traveling by train?
■ Jane usually goes to w ork by bike.
but on foot:
■ You can’t get there by car. You have to
go on foot. (= you have to walk)
a book by . . . / a painting by . . . / a piece
o f music by . . . , etc.:
■ Have you read any books by
Charles Dickens?
■ W ho is that painting by? Picasso?
by after the passive (-+ U nit 22):
H I was bitten by a dog.
the title
by
the writer
W ith /W ith o u t
■ Did you stay at a hotel or w ith friends?
■ W ait for me. Please don’t go w ith o u t m e.
■ Do you like your coffee w ith or w ith o u t m ilk?
■ I cut the paper w ith a pair o f scissors.
a m an w ith a beard / a w om an w ith glasses, etc.:
■ Do you know that m an w ith the beard?
■ I’d like to have a house w ith a b ig yard.
a man
w ith a beard
A b ou t
ta lk /sp e a k /th in k /h e a r /k n o w about
■ Some people talk about th eir w ork all the time.
■ I don’t k n ow m uch about cars.
a b o o k / a q uestion / a p rogram / in fo rm a tio n (etc.) about
■ There was a program about volcanoes on TV last night. Did you see it?
by —►Units 22, 64, 110
at/on
Units 104, 107-108
preposition + -ing -► Unit 113
a woman
w ith glasses
U N I T
E <ercises
If I 1 Complete the sentences. Use on + these words:
the p h o n e
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
th e rad io
te le v isio n
tim e
vacation
We heard the news on th e radio .
Please don’t be late. Try to get h e r e _________________________ .
I w on’t be here next week. Pm g o in g _________________________ .
“Did you see Linda?” “No, but I talked to h e r _________________________ .”
“W h at’s _________________________ tonight?” “N othing that I w ant to watch.”
I* 12 Look at the pictures. Complete the sentences with atlbylwith, etc.
1. I cut the paper w ith a pair o f
scissors.
2. Last year they took a trip around the
w o rld ________ boat.
3. W ho is the w o m a n _______ short hair?
4. They are talk in g ________ the weather.
5. The car i s ________ fire.
6. She’s listening to some m u sic ________M ozart.
7. The plane is fly in g _______ 600 miles an hour.
8. They’r e ________vacation.
9. Do you know the m a n ________ sunglasses?
10. H e’s reading a b o o k ________ gramm ar
Vera P. Bull.
1 3 Complete the sentences. Use atlbylw ith, etc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
In tennis, you hit the b a ll_______________ a racket.
It’s cold today. D on’t go o u t _______________ a coat.
Hamlet, Othello, and Macbeth are p lay s
W illiam Shakespeare.
Do you know an y th in g _______________ computers?
My grandm other d ie d _______________ the age of 98.
H ow long does it take to go from N ew York to Los A ngeles_______________ plane?
I didn’t go to the football game, but I watched i t _______________ television.
My house is the o n e ______________ the red door on the right.
These trains are very fast. They can tra v e l_______________ very high speeds.
You can’t get th e r e _______________car. T here’s no road.
Can you give me some in fo rm atio n _______________ hotels in this town?
I was a rrested _______________ two police officers and taken to the police station.
The buses here are very good. They’re
almost alw ays__________ time.
W hat would you like to d rin k _______________ your meal?
W e traveled from Los Angeles to S eattle___________train.
The m useum has some p ain tin g s_______________Frida Kahlo.
afraid of . . . , good a t . . . , etc.
of/at/for, etc. (prepositions + -ing)
Afraid o f . . . / good a t . . . , etc. (adjective + preposition)
Help!
I'm not very
good at math
I'm fed up
with my job.
He's afraid
of me.
afraid o f . . .
Are you afraid o f dogs?
a n g ry /m ad at somebody
W hy are you m ad at me? W hat did I do?
a n g ry /m ad about som ething
Are you angry about last night? (= som ething
that happened last night)
d ifferen t from . . .
Lisa is very d ifferen t from her sister.
fed up w ith . . .
I’m fed up w ith my job. I w ant to do som ething
different. (= I’ve had enough o f my job)
fu ll o f . . .
The room was fu ll o f p eop le.
good a t . . .
Are you g o o d at math?
bad a t . . .
Tina is very bad at tennis.
interested in . . .
I’m not interested in sports.
m arried to . . .
Sue is m arried to a dentist. (= her husband is
a dentist)
n ic e /k in d o f somebody to . . .
■ It was k in d o f you to help us. Thank you very much.
be n ic e /k in d to somebody
■ David is very friendly. H e’s always very n ice to me.
sorry about a situation
I’m afraid I can’t help you. I’m sorry about that.
sorry fo r /a b o u t doing
something
I’m sorry fo r /a b o u t not calling you yesterday.
(or I’m sorry I didn’t call you)
b e/feel sorry for somebody
I feel sorry for them . They are in a very difficult situar
O f/a t/fo r (etc.) + -in g
After a preposition (o f/a t/fo r , etc.), a verb ends in -ing:
I’m not very good at
Are you fed up w ith
I’m sorry for
T hank you for
M ark is thinking o f
Tom left w ith o u t
A fter
226
before/after -ing —►Unit 106
te llin g
d o in g
not callin g
h elp in g
b u yin g
saying
d o in g
stories.
the same thing every day?
you yesterday.
me.
a new car.
good-bye. (= he didn’t say good-bye)
the housework, they w ent shopping.
think about/of —►Unit 114
U N I T
: <ercises
W : 1 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with of/with/in, etc.
1. H e’s afraid o f dogs.
2. She’s in tere ste d _______
3. She’s m a rrie d _________
soccer player.
science.
languages.
4. She’s very good .
the weather.
5. H e’s fed up .
6. A: Can I help you?
. you.
B: Thanks, that’s very kind .
Complete the sentences with in/of/with, etc.
1. I’m not interested in
sports.
I’m not very g o o d __________sports.
3 I like Sarah. She’s always very n ic e __________ me.
4 I’m s o rry __________your broken window. It was an accident.
5 H e’s very brave. He isn’t a fraid __________ anything.
6 It was very n ic e __________ Jane to let us stay in her apartm ent.
life 50 years ago.
7 Life today is very d iffe ren t______
8 Are you in tere ste d __________ politics?
9 I feel sorry __________ her, but I can’t help her.
. w hat happened.
10 Chris was a n g ry .
. books.
11 These boxes are very heavy. They are f u ll___
W
h
at’s
wrong?
Are
you
m
a
d
__________
me?
12
3 Complete the sentences.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I’m not very g o o d a t telling
stories, (good / tell)
(interested / go)
I w anted to go to the movies, but Paula wasn’t _
up in the m orning, (good / get)
Sue isn’t v e ry .
(fed up / wait)
Let’s go! I’m _
you up in the m iddle of the night, (sorry / wake)
I’m _________
__________ . (thank you / wait)
Sorry I’m la te !.
4 Complete the sentences. Use w ithout -ing.
1. (Tom left / he didn’t say good-bye)
Tom
(Sue walked past me / she didn’t speak)
Sue w a lk e d __________________________
3. (don’t do anything / ask m e first)
D o n ’t _________________________
4. (I w ent out / I didn’t lock the door)
I
5 Write sentences about yourself.
1.
2.
3.
4.
(interested)
(afraid)
(not very good)
(not interested)
(fed up)
I'm in te re s te d in sports.
I’m .
I’m n o t .
listen to . . . , look at
(verb + preposition)
etc.
ask (somebody) for . . .
■ A m an stopped me and asked me for money.
b elo n g to . . .
■ Does this book b elo n g to you? (= Is this
your book?)
happen to . . .
■ I can’t find my pen. W hat’s h appened to it?
listen to . . .
■ L isten to this music. It’s great.
lo o k a t . . .
■ H e’s lo o k in g at his watch.
■ L ook at these flowers!
They’re beautiful.
■ W hy are you lo o k in g at
me like that?
lo o k for . . .
■ She’s lost her key.
She’s lo o k in g for it.
■ I’m lo o k in g for Sarah.
Have you seen her?
sp ea k /ta lk to somebody
about som ething
Did you talk to Paul about
the problem ?
(on the phone) Can I speak to Chris, please?
take care o f . . .
W hen Pat is at work, a friend of hers takes
care of her children.
D on’t lose this book. Take care o f it.
thank somebody for .
Thank you very m uch for your help.
th ink about . . .
or th in k o f . . .
He never thinks about (or of) other people.
M ark is th in k in g o f (or about) buying a new
computer.
w ait for . . .
W ait for me. I’m almost ready.
w rite (to) . . .
I tried calling the company, but they didn’t
answer, so I w rote to them , (or I w rote them )
Call, e-m ail, and text
call som ebody, e-m a il som ebody, text som eb od y (no preposition)
■ I have to call my parents tonight, (not call to . . .)
■ A: C ould you use your cell phone w hen you were in Europe?
B: No. My friends and family e-m a iled me instead of calling.
■ Let Sam know where to m eet us. E -m a il or text him before he leaves work.
D ep en d
We say d epend on . . . :
■ A: Do you like eating in restaurants?
B: Sometimes. It depends on the restaurant, (not it depends of)
You can say it depends w h a t/w h e r e /h o w (etc.) w ith or w ithout on:
■ A: Do you w ant to come out w ith us?
B: It d epends w here you’re going, or It d epends on w here you’re going.
228
w ait —►Unit 55
preposition + -ing —►Unit 113
E ercises
1 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with to/for/at, etc.
1. She’s looking a t her watch.
2. H e’s listen in g__________ the radio.
3. They’re w a itin g __________ a taxi.
4. Paul is talk in g __________ Jane.
5. They’re lo o k in g
a picture.
6. Sue is lo o k in g ___________ Tom.
* - 2 Complete the sentences with a preposition (to/for/about, etc.) if necessary.
1. T hank you very m uch fo r your help.
2. This isn’t my umbrella. It b elo n g s__________a friend of mine.
3. W h o ’s going to take c a re __________ your dog while you’re out o f town?
4. (on the phone) Can I sp ea k
Steven Davis, please?
5. (on the phone) Thank y o u __________ calling. Good-bye.
6. Excuse me, I’m lo o k in g ___________ Hill
Street.Can you tell me w here it is?
7. W e’re th in k in g __________g°in g to Australia next year.
8. We asked the w a ite r__________ tea, but he brought us coffee.
9. “Do you like to read books?”
“It d ep e n d s_________ the book.”
10. Jo h n was talking, but nobody was listen in g ________ w hat he was saying.
11. I w ant to take your picture. Please lo o k __________ the camera and smile.
12. We w a ite d
Karen until 2:00, but she didn’t come.
13. W hat h a p p e n e d __________ Ella last night? W hy didn’t she come to the party?
14. D o n ’t forget to c a ll__________ your m other tonight.
15._H e’s alone all day. H e never ta lk s__________ anybody.
16.__ “H ow m uch does it cost to stay at this hotel?” “It d ep e n d s_________ the room .”
17. It will be faster if you e -m a il__________ me, but you can also w r ite __________ me
at this address.
18. C atherine is th in k in g ___________ changing jobs.
19. I lo o k e d __________ the newspaper, but I didn’t read it carefully.
20. W hen you’re sick, you need somebody to take c a re __________ you.
21. Barry is lo o k in g __________ a job. H e wants to w ork in a hotel.
22. I don’t w ant everyone_to hear my conversation w ith Jane. I’ll t e x t___________her.
14.3 Answer these questions with It depends . . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Do you w ant to go out w ith us?
Do you like to eat in restaurants?
Do you enjoy watching TV?
Can you do som ething for me?
Are you leaving tow n this weekend?
Can you lend me some money?
It depends w h e r e you 're qoinc/.
It depends on th e resta u ra n t.
It depends
J:
It
V
U N I T
115
go in, fall off, run away, etc.
(phrasal verbs 1)
A phrasal verb is a verb (g o /lo o k /b e, etc.) + in /o u t/u p /d o w n , etc.
out
I w ent to the w indow and lo o k e d out.
A car stopped, and a wom an g o t out.
(= ou t o f the car)
■ Kate opened the door o f the car and
g o t in. (= in to the car)
■ I waited outside the store. I didn’t go in.
o ff
°7 f \
Be careful! D on’t fall off.
The bus came, and I g o t on.
d ow n
up
I
stand up
She stood up and left the room.
I usually get up early. (= get out o f bed)
We lo o k e d up at the stars in the sky.
i
The picture fe ll dow n.
W ould you like to sit down?
Lie d ow n on the floor.
back
away or o f f
run away
■ The th ief ran away, (or . . . ran o ff)
■ Em m a got into the car and drove away.
(or. . . drove o ff)
b e /g o away (= in /to another place)
■ Tim has gon e away for a few days.
be back
■ Tim is away. H e’ll be back on Monday
over
around
move over
There was an em pty seat, so he
m oved over.
I was tired of driving and p u lled over.
230
■ Go away and don’t co m e back!
■ We w ent out for dinner and then w ent
back to our hotel.
get —►Unit 57
Johr
turn around
■ Somebody shouted my name, so I
turned around.
■ We w ent for a long walk. After an hoc:
we turned around and w ent back.
put on / take off, etc. (phrasal verbs 2) —►Unit 116
more phrasal verbs —►Appendix 6
Ill
<ercises
uni t
||
j
5 1 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use these verbs + in/out/up, etc.
got
1.
2.
3.
4.
got
l o o k ed -
lo o k e d
rod e
I w ent to the window and lo o ked o u t .
The door was open, so w e ______________.
He heard a plane, so h e ________________ .
She got on her bike a n d ________________ .
sat
tu rn ed
w en t
5. I said hello, and h e _________
6. The bus stopped, and s h e ___
7. There was a free seat, so she .
8. A car stopped, and two m en .
’5.2 Complete the sentences. Use out/away/back, etc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
“W hat happened to the picture on the wall?” “It fell d o w n
”
Please don’t w a lk
. I have som ething to tell you.
Lisa heard a noise in back of her, so she tu r n e d _____________ to see w hat it was.
I’m g o in g _____________ now to do some shopping. I’ll b e _____________ at 5:00.
I’m really tired. I’m going to l i e ____________ on the sofa.
I can’t see the movie screen. W ould you please m o v e _____________ ?
M ark is from U tah. He lives in Boston now, but he wants to g o _____________ to U tah.
W e don’t have a key to the house, so we can’t g e t _____________ .
I was very tired this m orning. I couldn’t g e t __________ .
A: “W hen are you g o in g ____________ ?”
B: “O n the fifth. And I’m co m in g _____________ on the tw enty-fourth.”
15.3 Before you do this exercise, study the verbs inAppendix 6 (page242). Complete the
sentences. Choose a verb from the box + on/off/up, etc. If necessary, put the verb into
the correct form.
break
fall
get
glve
go
f
h old
slow
speak
take
w ak e
w ork
t
cc
,
,
.
+ a lo n g /o n /o ll/u p /d o w n /o v e r /o u t
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
I w ent to sleep at 10:00 and w o ke up
at 8:00 the next m orning.
“It’s time to go.” “______________________________ a m inute. I’m not ready yet.”
The tr a in ______________________________ and finally stopped.
I like flying, but I’m always nervous w hen the plane .
Tony doesn’t see his sister much. They don’t ______________________________ very well.
It’s difficult to hear you. Can y o u ______________________________ a little?
This car isn’t very good. It h a s ______________________________ many times.
W h en babies try to walk, they som etim es______________________________ .
Ben isn’t in good shape because he doesn’t
at the
gym anymore.
10. I tried to find a job, but I ______________________________ . It was impossible.
11. The fire a la rm ______________________________ , and everyone had to leave the building.
231
U N I T
116
put on your shoes
put your shoes on
(phrasal verbs 2)
Sometimes a phrasal verb (put on / take ofF etc.) has an object. For example:
verb
p u t on
verb
take o f f
object
your coat
You can say:
take o f f your shoes
or
take your shoes o f f
You can say:
p ut on your coat
or
p ut your coat on
m
object
your shoes
But it/th e m (pronouns) always go before o n / o f f etc.:
put it on (not put on it)
take th em o f f (not take off them )
I’m going to take o f f my shoes.
(or take my shoes o ff)
Your shoes are dirty. Take th em o f f
■ It was cold, so I p u t on my coat.
(or I p ut my coat on)
■ H ere’s your coat. Put it on.
Some m ore phrasal verbs + object:
turn on / turn o f f (lights, machines, faucets, etc.):
11
11
Ij ■
i
1
■ It was dark, so I turned on the light.
(or I turned the light on)
■ I don’t w ant to watch this program .
You can turn it off.
turn off
p ick up / p u t down:
■ Those are my keys on the floor. Can you
p ick th em up for me?
■ I stopped reading and p ut my book dow n.
(or p u t d ow n my book)
b rin g back / take back / give back / p ut back:
■ You can take my umbrella, but
please b rin g it back.
■ I to o k my new sweater back to
the store. It was too small for me.
■ I have Rachel’s keys. I have to
give th em back to her.
■ I read the letter and then p u t it
back in the envelope.
go in / fall off, etc. (phrasal verbs 1) —►Unit 115
more phrasal verbs + object —►Appendix 7
U N I T
xercises
116
5.1 Look at the pictures. What did these people do?
1.
1. He tu rn e d on the light
2. S h e ____________________
3. H e _____________________
4. She
5. He _
6. She
* 2 You can write these sentences in three different ways. Complete the table.
/ tu rn e d it on.
/ tu rn e d the radio on.
1.
I turned on the radio.
2.
He p ut on his jacket.
He
3.
She
She took her glasses off.
4.
I picked up the phone.
5.
They gave back the key.
He
We turned the lights off.
6.
3 Complete the sentences. Use these verbs with it or them.
b rin g back
p ick up
take back
turn o f f
turn o n
1. I w anted to watch som ething on television, so I tu rn e d it on
.
2. My new lamp doesn’t work. I’m going t o _______________________
3. There were some gloves on the floor, so I _______________________
on the table.
4. W hen I finished working on the computer, I ____________________
5. Thank you for lending me these books. I w on’t forget to
. to the store.
_ and put them
4 Before you do this exercise, study the verbs in Appendix 7 (page 243). Complete
the sentences using one of the following verbs. Sometimes you will also need to
use it/them/me.
fill o u t
give up
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
k n ock over
lo o k up
p u t ou t
show around
"tear d ow n
th row away
try on
turn d ow n
They to re
a lot o f houses dow n w hen they built the new road.
T hat music is very loud. Can you turn it dow n
?
I _______________________ a glass and broke it.
“W hat does this word m ean?” “H ere’s a dictionary. You c a n _____________________
I w ant to keep these magazines. Please don’t ________________________ .
I
a pair o f shoes at the store, but I didn’t buy them .
I visited a school last week. O ne of the teac h ers_________________
. after a m onth.’
“Do you play the piano?” “No, I started to learn, but I _________
Somebody gave me a form and told me t o ______________________
Smoking isn’t allowed here. P lease_______________ your cigarette .
233
IPPENDIX 1
-ctive and passive
Present and past
Active
Simple
present
Simple
past
W e m ake butter from milk.
Somebody cleans these rooms
every day.
People never in vite me to
parties.
H ow do they m ake butter?
Somebody stole my car last
week.
Somebody stole my keys
yesterday.
They d id n ’t in vite me to the
party.
W h en did they b u ild these
houses?
Passive
■ B utter is m ade from milk.
■ These rooms are cleaned
every day.
■ I am never in vited to parties.
■
H ow is butter made?
My car was stolen last week.
My keys w ere stolen yesterday.
I w asn ’t in vited to the party.
W hen w ere these houses built?
Present
:3ntinuous
They are b u ild in g a new airport
at this time. (= it isn’t finished)
They are b u ild in g some new
houses near the river.
A new airport is b ein g b u ilt at
this time.
Some new houses are b ein g
b u ilt near the river.
Past
:: ntinuous
W h en I was here a few years
ago, they w ere b u ild in g a new
airport. (= it wasn’t finished at
that time)
W hen I was here a few years
ago, a new airport was b ein g
built.
Present
perfect
Look! They have painted
the door.
These shirts are clean.
Somebody has w ashed them .
Somebody has stolen my car.
Past
perfect
Tina said that somebody had
stolen her car.
■ Look! The door has been
painted.
■ These shirts are clean. They
have been washed.
■ My car has been stolen.
Tina said that her car had been
stolen.
Will / can / must / have to, etc.
Active
Passive
Somebody w ill clean the office tomorrow.
Somebody m u st clean the office at night.
I think they’ll in v ite you to the party.
They can’t repair my watch.
You sh ould w ash this sweater by hand.
The office w ill be cleaned tomorrow.
The office m u st be cleaned at night.
I think you’ll be in vited to the party.
My watch can’t be repaired.
This sweater should be w ashed by hand.
They are g o in g to b u ild a new airport.
Somebody has to wash these clothes.
They had to take the injured man to
the hospital.
A new airport is g o in g to be built.
These clothes have to be washed.
The injured m an had to be taken to
the hospital.
APPENDIX 1 235
APPENDIX 2
List of irregular verbs (see Unit 25)
Infinitive
Simple past
Past participle
Infinitive
Simple past
Past participle
be
beat
b eco m e
b egin
b ite
b lo w
break
b ring
b u ild
buy
catch
ch oose
co m e
cost
cut
do
draw
drink
drive
eat
fall
feel
fig h t
fin d
fly
forget
get
give
been
beaten
become
begun
bitten
blown
broken
brought
built
bought
caught
chosen
lie
lig h t
lose
m ake
m ean
m eet
pay
p ut
quit
read (reed)*
ride
rin g
rise
run
say
see
sell
send
shine
sh oot
show
shut
sing
sit
sleep
speak
spend
stand
steal
sw im
take
teach
tear
tell
th ink
throw
understand
w ake
wear
w in
lay
lit
lost
made
m eant (ment)*
m et
paid
put
quit
read (red)*
rode
rang
rose
ran
said (sed)*
saw
sold
sent
shone
shot
showed
shut
sang
sat
slept
spoke
spent
stood
stole
swam
took
taught
tore
told
thought
threw
understood
woke
wore
won
lain
g°
grow
hang
have
hear
h id e
h it
h o ld
hurt
keep
k n ow
leave
len d
w as/w ere
beat
became
began
bit
blew
broke
brought
built
bought
caught
chose
came
cost
cut
did
drew
drank
drove
ate
fell
felt
fought
found
flew
forgot
got
gave
w ent
grew
hung
had
heard
hid
hit
held
hurt
kept
knew
left
lent
lit
lost
made
m eant (ment
m et
paid
put
quit
read (red)*
ridden
rung
risen
run
said (sed)*
seen
sold
sent
shone
shot
shown
shut
sung
sat
slept
spoken
spent
stood
stolen
swum
taken
taught
torn
told
thought
throw n
understood
woken
w orn
won
w rite
wrote
w ritten
let
let
let
236 APPENDIX 2
come
cost
cut
done
drawn
drunk
driven
eaten
fallen
felt
fought
found
flown
forgotten
gotten
given
gone
grown
hung
had
heard
hidden
hit
held
hurt
kept
know n
left
lent
* pronuncu:m
PENDIX 3
'regular verbs in groups
. simple past and past participle are the same:
cost
cut
hit
h u rt
—► cost
—► cut
—► h it
—► h urt
let
put
quit
shut
-► let
-► put
-* quit
shut
lend
send
spend
build
—► len t
—► sent
—► spent
-► b u ilt
lo st
lose
shoot -► shot
lit
light
sat
sit
The simple past and past participle are different:
1.
2.
keep —► kept
sleep —► slept
feel
leave
m eet
m ean
felt
le ft
—► m et
—► m ea n t (ment)*
bring
buy
fight
th in k
b ro u g h t
bought
fo u g h t
th o u g h t
catch
teach
cau gh t
tau gh t
sell
tell
sold
to ld
find
have
hear
hold
read
say
fin d
had
heard (herd)*
h eld
read (red)
said (sed)
pay
make
paid
m ad e
stand
understand
*pronunciation
3.
4.
break
choose
speak
steal
wake
broke
—► ch ose
—► spoke
-► stole
—► w o k e
broken
-► ch osen
-► spoken
-► stolen
w ok en
drive
ride
rise
w rite
drove
rod
e
-►
-► rose
w ro te
—► driven
-► rid d en
-+ risen
w r itten
beat
bite
hide
beat
—► b it
h id
eat
fall
forget
get
give
see
take
ate
-► fe ll
-+ fo r g o t
got
gave
-► saw
to o k
eaten
fa llen
fo r g o tten
-► g o tten
-► give
-► seen
taken
blow
grow
know
throw
fly
b lew
—► grew
-► k n ew
-► th rew
-► fle w
b lo w n
-► grow n
-► k n o w n
-► th ro w n
flo w n
draw
5.
sto od
u n d erstood
6.
beaten
b itten
h id d en
d rew
draw n
sh ow ed
sh ow n
show
-
begin
drink
swim
began
-► drank
-* sw am
b eg u n
-► d ru n k
sw u m
ring
sing
rang
sang
ru n g
sung
run
ran
run
come
become
cam e
b eca m e
co m e
b eco m e
APPENDIX 3 237
APPENDIX 4
Short forms (he's / I'd / don't, etc.)
4.1
In spoken English we usually pronounce / am as one word. The short form (I'm) is
a way of writing this:
I am
it is
they have
—►I’m
—►it ’s
—►th ey’ve, etc.
■ F m feeling tired this m orning.
■ “Do you like this jacket?”
“Yes, it ’snice.”
■ “W here are your friends?” “T hey’ve gone hom e.”
W h en we w rite short forms, we use ’ (an apostrophe):
I)s(m—►I’m
heXs—►h e’s
you ja<ve-> you’ve she>^fll —►she’ll
4.2
We use these forms with l/he/she, etc.:
am
is
are
have
has
had
will
would
-►
-►
-►
-►
-►
-►
’m
’s
’re
’ve
’s
’d
’11
’d
I’m
h e’s
sh e’s
it’s
I’ve
I’d
I’ll
I’d
h e ’s
h e ’d
h e’ll
h e ’d
she’s
she’d
sh e’ll
she’d
w e ’re
w e’ve
y o u ’re
y o u ’ve
th ey ’re
th ey ’ve
w e ’d
w e ’ll
w e ’d
y o u ’d
y o u ’ll
y o u ’d
th ey’d
th ey ’ll
th ey’d
it’s
■ I’ve got some new shoes.
■ W e’ll probably go out tonight.
■ It’s 10:00. You’re late again.
’s = is or has:
■ She’s going out tonight, (she’s going = she is going)
■ She’s gone out. (she’s gone = she has gone)
’d = w o u ld or had:
■ A: W h a t w ould you like to eat?
B: I’d like a salad, please. (I’d like = I w o u ld like)
■ I told the police that I’d lost my passport. (I’d lost = I had lost)
Do not use ’m / ’s / ’d, etc. at the end o f a sentence (see U n it 41):
■ “Are you tired?” “Yes, I am .” (not Yes, I’m.)
■ She isn’t tired, but he is. (not he’s)
4.3
We use short forms with l/you/he/she, etc., but you can use short forms
(especially's) with other words, too:
■
■
■
■
■
■
W h o ’s your favorite singer? (= who is)
W h a t’s the time? (= w hat is)
T h e re’s a big tree in the yard. (= there is)
M y sister’s w orking in London. (= my sister is working)
P a u l’s gone out. (= Paul has gone out)
W hat c o lo r ’s your car? (= W h a t color is your car?)
238 APPENDIX 4
APPENDIX 4
5hort forms (he's / I'd / don't, etc.)
--
Negative short forms (see Unit 44):
isn ’t
a ren ’t
w a sn ’t
w e ren ’t
h asn ’t
h aven ’t
h a d n ’t
■
■
■
■
*5
(=
(=
(=
(=
(=
(=
(=
is not)
are not)
was not)
w ere not)
has not)
have not)
had not)
(= do not)
d o n ’t
d o e sn ’t (= does not)
d id n ’t (= did not)
ca n ’t
c o u ld n ’t
w o n ’t
w o u ld n ’t
sh o u ld n ’t
m u stn ’t
(=
(=
(=
(=
(=
(=
cannot)
could not)
w ill not)
w ould not)
should not)
m ust not)
W e w ent to her house, but she w a sn ’t at home.
“W h e re’s David?” “I d o n ’t know. I h aven ’t seen him .”
You w ork all the tim e. You sh o u ld n ’t w ork so hard.
I w o n ’t be here tom orrow . (= I w ill not)
's (apostrophe + s)
’s can m ean different things:
(1) ’s = is or has (see section 4.2 of this appendix)
(2) l e t ’s = let us (see U nit 37)
■ It’s a beautiful day. L e t’s go outside. (= L et us go outside.)
(3) K ate’s camera = her camera
my b ro th er’s car = his car
the m anager’s office = h is/h e r office, etc.
(see U nit 65)
Com pare:
■ K ate’s cam era was very expensive. (K ate’s camera = h er camera)
■ K ate’s a very good photographer. (K ate’s = Kate is)
■ K ate’s got a new camera. (K ate’s got = Kate has got)
APPENDIX 4 239
APPENDIX 5
Spelling
5.1
Words + -s and -es (birds/watches, etc.)
noun + s (plural) (see U nit 67)
bird —►birds
m istake ■ ►m istakes
hotel —►hotels
verb + s (h e /sh e /it -s) (see U nit 5)
th in k —►thinks
live —►lives
rem em ber —►rem em bers
but
+ es after -s / -sh / -c h / -x
bus —►buses
pass —►passes
w ash —►washes
d ish —►dishes
w atch —►w atches
teach —►teaches
box —►boxes
5.2
also
potato —►potatoes
do —►does
tom ato -+ tom atoes
go ►goes
- f / -fe —►-ves
sh elf —►shelves
k n ife
knives
address —►addresses
finish —►finishes
sandw ich —►sandwiches
but
ro o f —►roofs
Words ending in -y (baby -► babies / study -► studied, etc.)
-y —►-les
study —►studies (not studys)
story —►stories
try —►tries
city —►cities
m arry —►m arries
fam ily —►fam ilies (not fam ily:
baby —►babies
fly —►flies
-y —►-ie d (see U nit 11)
study —►stu d ied (not studyed)
try -> trie d
m arry —►m a rrie d
copy —►copied
-y —►-ie r / -ie st (see U nits 88, 91)
easy —►ea sie r/easie st (not easyer/easyest)
happy —►h a p p ie r/h a p p ie st
heavy —►h ea v ie r/h ea v ie st
lucky —►lu c k ie r/lu c k ie st
funny —►fu n n ie r/fu n n ie s t
-y —►-ily (see U nit 87)
easy —►easily (not easyly)
happy -► happily
lucky —►luckily
heavy -► heavily
y does not change to i if the ending is -a y /-e y /-o y /-u y :
holiday —►holidays (not holidaies)
b u y —►buys
enjoy —►enjoys/enjoyed
stay —►stay/stayed
but
say —►said
240 APPENDIX 5
p ay —►
p a id
(irregular verbs)
key —►keys
Ln
- 3PENDIX 5
selling
■
mg
Verbs that end in -e (m ak e/w rite/d riv e, etc.) —►Xing
m ake —►m a k in g
w rite —►w ritin g
com e —►co m in g
Verbs th at end in -ie -► -ying:
lie -► ly in g
die -► d y in g
dance —►dan cin g
tie —►ty in g
stop -► stopped, big -► bigger, etc.
Vowels and consonants:
Vowel letters: a e
Consonant letters: b c
i
d
o
f
u
g
k
l
m
n
p
r
s
t
w
y
Sometimes a w ord ends in a vowel + a consonant. For example: stop, big, get.
Before - i n g /- e d /- e r /- e s t, the consonant ( p /g /t, etc.) becomes p p / g g / t t , etc.
For example:
stop
ru n
get
swim
big
hot
th in
ST
R
G
SW
B
H
TH
V+C
O P
U N
E T
I M
I G
O T
I N
p -► p p
n -► n n
t
tt
m —► m m
stopping
ru n n in g
getting
sw im m in g
bigger
h o tte r
th in n e r
g “ ► gg
t -► t t
n -► n n
stopped
V = vowel
C = consonant
biggest
h o ttest
th in n est
This does not happen:
(1) if the w ord ends in two consonant letters (C + C):
help
work
fast
(2)
C+C
HE L P
WO R K
FA S T
helping
w o rk in g
faster
helped
w o rk ed
fastest
if the w ord ends in tw o vowel letters + a consonant letter (V + V + C):
v+v+c
need
w ait
cheap
N E E D
W A I T
CH E A P
needing
w aiting
cheaper
needed
w aited
cheapest
(3) in longer words (two syllables or more) if the last p art of the w ord is not stressed:
happen
visit
rem em ber
stress
H A P -p e n
V IS -it
re-M E M -ber
h ap p e n in g /h a p p en ed (not happenned)
visiting/visited
rem em b erin g /rem em b ered
but
prefer
begin
(4)
p re-F E R
b e-G IN
(stress at the end)
(stress at the end)
preferring/preferred
beginning
if the w ord ends in -y or -w. (At the end of words, y and w are not consonants.)
enjoy —►enjoying/enjoyed snow —►snow ing/snow ed few —►few er/few est
APPENDIX 5 241
APPENDIX 6
Phrasal verbs (take off / give up, etc.)
This is a list of some im portant phrasal verbs (see U nit 115).
ou t
lo o k ou t / w atch ou t = be careful
■ L ook out! T here’s a car coming.
w ork ou t — exercise (to becom e stronger or m ore fit)
■ Sarah w orks ou t at the gym two or three times a week.
on
co m e on = be quick / hurry
■ C o m e on! Everybody is waiting for you.
go on = continue
■ I’m sorry I interrupted. G o on.
(= continue w hat you were saying)
■ H ow long will this hot w eather go on?
Hold on
. a minute.
keep on = continue (talking, etc.)
■ I asked them to be quiet, but they k ep t on talking.
h o ld on = wait
■ Can you h o ld on a m inute? (= can you wait?)
o ff
take o ff
take o f f = leave the ground (for planes)
■ The plane to o k o f f 20 m inutes late but arrived on time.
go o f f = explode (a bomb, etc.) or ring (an alarm, an alarm clock, etc.)
■ A bom b w en t o f f and caused a lot of damage.
■ A car alarm goes o f f if somebody tries to break into the car.
up
'g> fl
clean up = make neat or clean
■ After the party, it took two hours to clean up.
give up = stop trying
■ I know it’s difficult, but don’t give up. (= don’t stop trying)
grow up = become an adult
■ W hat does your son w ant to do w hen he grow s up?
hurry up = do something more quickly
■ H urry up! W e don’t have m uch time.
speak up = speak more loudly
■ I can’t hear you. Can you speak up, please?
w ake up = stop sleeping
■ I often w ake up in the middle of the night.
d ow n
slo w d ow n = go more slowly
■ You’re driving too fast. S low down!
break d ow n = stop working fo r cars, machines, etc.)
■ Sue was very late because her car b rok e down,
a lo n g
get a lon g = be together w ithout problems
■ Sam doesn’t visit his parents often. He doesn’t
get alon g w ith his father.
over
fall over = lose your balance
■ I fe ll over because my shoes were too big for me.
242 APPENDIX 6
grow up
- ’pendix7 Phrasal verbs + object
put out a fire / try on clothes, etc.)
:s a list o f some im p o rtant phrasal verbs + object (see U nit 116).
-:
fill ou t aform = complete aform
■ Can you fill ou t this form , please?
p ut o u t a fire, a cigarette, etc.
■ The fire departm ent arrived and p ut the fire out.
cross ou t a mistake, a word, etc.
■ If you make a mistake, cross it out.
put out
cross out
try on clothes = put on clothes to see if they fit you
■ (in a store) W here can I try these pants on?
give up som ething = stop doing/having something
■ Sue gave up her jo b w hen her baby was born. (= she stopped working)
■ Tom ’s doctor told him he had to give up smoking.
lo o k up a word in a dictionary, etc.
■ I didn’t know the m eaning of the word, so I lo o k e d it up in a dictionary.
turn up the TV, radio, music, heat, etc. = make it louder or warmer
■ Can you turn the radio up? I can’t hear it.
w ake up somebody who is sleeping
■ I have to get up early tomorrow. Can you w ake m e up at 6:30?
vn
tear d ow n a building = demolish it
B They are going to tear d ow n the school
and build a new one.
fear down
turn d ow n the TV, radio, music, heat, etc. = make it
quieter or less warm
■ The music is too loud. Can you turn it down?
kn ock over a cup, a glass, a person, etc.
■ Be careful. D on’t k nock your cup over.
knock over I
iway
th row away garbage, things you don’t w ant
B These apples are bad. Should I th row th em away?
B D on’t th row away that picture. I w ant it.
p u t som ething away = put it in the place where you usually keep it
B After they finished playing, the children p u t their
toys away.
pay somebody back = give back money that you borrowed
T hank you for lending me the money. I’ll pay you
back next week.
ro u n d
sh ow somebody around = take somebody on a tour of a place
■ We visited a factory last week. The m anager show ed us around.
APPENDIX 7 243
Additional Exercises
List o f exercises:
1-2
3
4
5-7
8-9
10-13
14
15
16-18
19-22
23
24-27
28
29
30-31
32
33-34
35
am/is/are
Present continuous
Simple present
Simple present, am/is/are and have (got)
Present continuous and simple present
was/were and simple past
Simple past and past continuous
Present and past
Present perfect
Present perfect and simple past
Present, past, and present perfect
Passive
Future
Past, present, and future
Past, present, and future
-ing and
to. . .
a and the
Prepositions
Units 1-2
Units 3-4
Units 5-7
Units 1-2, 5-7, 9
Units 3-8
Units 10-12
Units 11-14
Units 3-14
Units 16-21
Units 19-21
Units 3-21
Units 22-23, Appendix 1
Units 26-29
Units 3-21, 26-29
Units 3-23, 26-29, 53, 55, 99, 106
Units 52-56, 106, 113
Units 66, 70-74
Units 104-109, 112
Units 1-2
amlislare
1
Write sentences for the pictures. Use the words in the boxes + is!isn't!are!aren't.
Kate
Gary
T he w in d ow s
Lisa
Kate
T he children
G ary
T he books
T he h otel
T he bus
on the table
hun gry
asleep
-openfu ll
near the station
a doctor
happy
244 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
The w in d ow s a re open.
L is a isn't happy.
: nplete the sentences.
L 'Are you hungry?” “No, but Tm thirsty.”
1 * H o w a re your parents?” “T h ey ’re fine.”
. at w ork.”
Ts A nna at hom e?” “N o ,__________________
*
my keys?” “O n your desk.”
T h ere is Paul fro m ? _______________________ A m erican or Canadian?
_______________________very hot today. T he tem perature is 38 degrees Celsius.
‘Are you a teacher?” “N o ,
a student.”
. your um brella?” “G reen.”
a *
___
_________________ in the parking lot?
W here’s your car?
“_______________________tired?” “No, I’m fine.”
ML *________________
'T hese shoes are nice. H o w _______________________ ?” “Seventy-five dollars.”
^resent continuous (
w orking I
ire you working?, etc.)
.
Units 3-4
the words in parentheses to write sentences.
A W here are your parents?
They 're w atching TV.___________________
B:
(they / w atch / TV)
A: Paula is going out.
B:
W h ere 's sh e going?
(where / she / go?)
L .4; W h ere’s David?
B: _________________
- A: _______________
B: No, they ’re asleep.
x. .4;
B: No, not any more.
(he / take / a shower)
(the children / play?)
(it / rain?)
<L A: W here are Sue and Steve?
B:
" A:
B:
(they / come / now)
(why / you / stand / here?)
(I / w ait / for somebody)
5 mple present (/ w ork / she doesn't w ork /
Jo you work?, etc.)
Units 5-7
lomplete the sentences. Use the simple present.
9L
to w ork early.
I
We don't w a tch
T V very often.
How often do you w ash your hair?
I want to go to the movies, b u t . ------------------------------------- to go.
. to go out tonight?
near here?
a lot of people.
____________________ very much.
|L I enjoy traveling, b u t .
in the m orning?
1 W hat t i m e _________
My parents are usually at hom e at night.
______________________________very often.
______________________________w ork at 5:00.
A: W h at
. m a hotel.
B: ______
Su e a lw a ys c/ets
(Sue / always / get)
(we / not / watch)
(you / wash)
(Sam / not / want)
(you / want)
(Helen / live)
(Sarah / know)
(I / not / travel)
(you / usually / get up)
(they / not / go out)
(Tom / always / leave)
(Julia / do)
(she / work)
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 245
Simple present, amlislare and have (got)
5
Read the questions and Claire's answers. Then write sentences about Claire.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
6
Units 1-2, 5-7, 9
Are you married?
Do you live in Houston?
Are you a student?
Do you have a car?
Do you go out a lot?
Do you have a lot o f friends?
Do you like Houston?
Do you like to dance?
Are you interested in sports?
No.
Yes.
Yes.
No.
Yes.
Yes.
No.
Yes.
No.
C laire
1.
S h e isn t m arried.
£j(>\ r\ \
2.
S h e lives in Houston.
3.
4.
5.
%
67.
8.
9.
Complete the questions.
What's y o u r name
. married?
W here .
any children?
H ow .
2.
. yourjob?
a car?
to w ork by car?
3.
Brian.
Yes, I am.
O n State Street.
Yes, a daughter.
She’s three.
I’m 29.
I w ork in a superm arket.
No, I hate it.
Yes, I do.
No, I usually go by bus.
r-------------------------T h a t’s my brother,
Michael.
H e’s a travel agent
No, in Los Angele
Who is this man
\
. in N ew York?
7
Write sentences from these words. All the sentences are present.
Sarah often / tennis)
2 . my parents / a new car)
1.
S a ra h often p la y s tennis.
M y p a r e n ts have a n e w car.
OR
M y p a re n ts have g o t a n e w car.
M y sho es a re dirty. _______________
3. my shoes / dirty)
Sonia.
4. Sonia / 32 years old)
5. I / tw o sisters)
6 we often / T V at night)
7. Jane never / a hat)
8 . my car / a flat tire)
9. these flowers / beautiful)
10. M ary / G erm an very well)
.
246 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
; -esent continuous (I'm working) and
oiple present (I work)
Units 3-8
: nplete the sentences,
^Please be quiet.
I'm w orking
(I/w ork).
f
\n o w . Good-bye!
(1/leavelN
__________________ (it/rain).
Can I take this um brella?
(l/not/watch) TV very much.
yVhich is right?
1 •‘A re yen speaking -/ Do you speak English?” “Yes, a little.” (Do you speak is right)
1 Sometimes w e’re going / we go away on weekends.
It’s a nice day today. T he sun is shining / shines.
- (You meet Kate in the street.) Hello, Kate. W here are you going / do you go?
5. How often are you taking / do you take a vacation?
6. Em ily is a w riter. She’s w riting / She w rites children’s books.
". I’m never reading / I never read newspapers.
8. “W h ere are M ichael and Jane?” “T h ey ’re w atching / T hev w atch TV in the living room .”
9. H elen is in her office. She’s talking / She talks to somebody.
1). W h a t tim e are you usually having / do you usually have dinner?
11. Joh n isn’t at hom e right now. H e’s visiting / H e visits some friends.
12. “W ould you like some coffee?” “No, thanks. I’m not drinking / I don’t d rin k coffee.”
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 247
was/were and simple past (/ w orked I
did you work?, etc.)
10
Units 10-12
Complete the sentences. Use one word only.
1.
2
3.
4.
5.
I got up early and
took
a shower.
. Tom was tired last night, so h e __________
6.
7.
8
.
9.
.
10
11
to bed early.
I _______________ this pen on the floor. Is it yours?
Kate got m arried w hen s h e _______________23.
. her first lesson yesterday.
H elen is learning to drive. S h e ___________
_______ m e.”
“I’ve got a new job.” “Yes, I know. David .
“W h ere did you buy that book?” “It was a present. J a n e _______________ it to m e.”
W e _______________hungry, so we had som ething to eat.
“D id you enjoy the m ovie?” “Yes, I _______________ it was very good.”
. him , but he didn’t come.”
:‘D id Andy come to your party?” “N o, we .
Look at the questions and Kevin's answers. Write sentences about Kevin when he was
a child.
^
Kevin
W hen you were a child . . .
W ere you tall?
Did you like school?
W ere you good at sports?
D id you play basketball?
Did you work hard at school?
Did you have a lot of friends?
D id you have a bicycle?
W ere you a quiet child?
12
A
No.
l
H e w asn t tall.
Y es.
2.
H e liked school.
Y es.
3. H e .
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Y es.
No.
Y es.
v.
No.
No.
j
Complete the questions
t .
1.
2
3.
4.
5.
.
6
D id you have
W h ere d id yo u go
.
7.
13
a nice vacation?
P
_______ there?
the Bahamas?
P
good?
_ back?
Yes, it was great, thanks.
To the Bahamas.
Five days.
Yes, very much.
I have friends there, so I stayed w ith them .
Yes, it was w arm and sunny.
Yesterday.
Put the verb in the right form (positive, negative, or question).
1. It was a good party. / e n jo y e d it. (I / enjoy)
the dishes?” (you / do) “N o ,. / didn t have time. (I / have)
(I / forget)
3. “D id you call Adam ?” “No, I’m s o rry ,_______
it? (you / get)
4. I like your new watch. W h e r e ________________
to her. (I / speak)
5. I saw Lucy at the party, b u t ________
a nice weekend? (you / have)
6 A: _______________________________
B: Yes, I visited some friends o f m ine.
to work, (he / go)
7. Paul w asn’t well yesterday, s o ________
______________ five m inutes ago.” (she / arrive)
8. “Is M ary here?” “Y es,______________
before he m oved here? (R obert / live)
9. W h e r e _____________________________
_________________ very m uch, (the m eal / cost
10. T he restaurant wasn’t expensive..
.
2 “ D id you do
.
248 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
: nple past (I worked) and past continuous
Units 11-14
was working)
I
-nplete the sentences. Use the simple past or past continuous.
Good morning.
:
w a s raining (rain) w hen we
w e n t (go) out.
(open) the
window because it was hot.
W h en I arrived at the office, Jane and Paul
_____________________ (work) at their desks.
(ring) w hen
(cook) dinner.
T he phone .
S u e ______
D.
sol.
(hear) a noise outside,
(look) out o f the
T o m ____________________________ (look)
out o f the w indow w hen the accident
______________________ (happen).
/ E r in
Richard had a book in his hand, but he
____________________________(not/read) it.
H e __________________________ (watch) TV.
E rin bought a m agazine, but she
(not/read)
it. She didn’t have time.
Hi, Kate!
K ate
and.
restaurant.
_ (finish) lunch,
(pay) the bill,
(leave) the
I.
(see) Kate this
__________ (walk)
m orning. I
along the street and she
____________________ (wait) for the bus.
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 249
Present and past
15
Units 3-14
Complete the sentences. Use one of these forms:
simple present (I w o r k /d riv e, etc.)
simple past (I w o rk ed /d ro v e, etc.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
present continuous (I am w o r k in g /d r iv in g , etc.)
past continuous (I was w o r k in g /d riv in g , etc.)
You can tu rn off the TV. I 'm n o t w a tch in g
(not / watch) it.
Last night Jenny fe ll (fall) asleep w hile she w a s reading (read).
Listen! S om ebody _______________________ (play) the piano.
“Do you have my key?” “No, I _______________________ (giye) it back to you.”
David is very lazy. H e _______________________ (not / like) to w ork hard.
W h e r e ______________________ (your parents / go) on vacation last year?
I _______________________ (see) D iane yesterday. S h e _______________________ (drive)
her new car.
A: ______________________ (you / watch) T V very much?
B: No, I don’t have a TV.
A: W h a t ______________________ (you / do) at 6:00 last Sunday m orning?
B: I was in bed asleep.
Andy isn’t at hom e very much. H e _________________________(go)out a lot.
I
(try) to find a jo b right now. It’s very hard.
I’m tired this m orning. I _______________________ (not / sleep) very well last night.
Present perfect (/ have done / she has been, etc.)
16
Units 16-21
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the present perfect.
I'm looking for Julia.
Yes, she was here a
few minutes ago.
250 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
More coffee?
No, thanks.
I _______________________________ e n o u g h y
The w eather is terrible today. It
____________________________ all day,
lomplete the sentences (1, 2, or 3 words).
M ark and Liz are m arried. T hey h a v e b een m arried for five years.
1 David has been w atching T V sin ce 5:00.
M artin is at work. H e ______________________________ at w ork since 8:30.
. five days.”
“Did you ju st arrive in M iam i?” “No, I’ve been h e r e ___________________
we
were
in
high
school.
I’ve know n H e le n .
there?”
'My brother lives in Los Angeles.” “Really? H ow long .
. 20 years.
George has had the same jo b .
here since Monday.
Some friends o f ours are staying w ith us. T hey .
1 Complete the sentences. Write about yourself.
-. I’ve never ridden a horse.
1. I’ve b een to M o n tr e a l m any times.
3. I’ve ju s t___________________________________
-. I’v e ________________________________________
(once / tw ice / a few tim es / m any times)
I haven’t _______________________________
I’ve n e v e r.
. since .
I’v e _____
. f o r __
I’v e _____
. yet.
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 251
Present perfect (/
simple past (I did, etc.)
19
Present perfect or simple past? Complete the sentences (positive or negative).
1. A:
B:
2. A:
B:
3. A:
B:
4. A:
B:
5. A:
B:
6. A:
B:
7. A:
B:
8. A:
B:
9. A:
B:
10. A:
B:
11. A:
B:
12. A:
B:
20
have done, etc.) and
Do you like London?
I don’t know. I h a v e n 't b ee n there.
Have you seen Kate?
Yes, I s a w her five m inutes ago.
T h a t’s a nice sweater. Is it new?
Yes, I ______________________________ it last week.
Are you tired this m orning?
Yes, I ______________________________ to bed late last night.
Is the new French movie good?
Yes, really good. I
.
it three times.
Do you like your new job?
I _____________________________ . My first day is next Monday.
T he w eather isn’t very nice today, is it?
No, but i t
nice yesterday.
W as Helen at the party on Saturday?
I don’t th in k so. I ______________________________ her there.
Is your son still in school?
No, h e ______________________________ college tw o years ago.
Is Silvia m arried?
Yes, s h e ______________________________ m arried for five years.
Have you heard of George W ashington?
O f course. H e ______________________________the first president of the U nited States.
H ow long does it take to m ake a pizza?
I don’t know. I
a pizza.
Write sentences with the present perfect or simple past.
1. A:
B:
2. A:
B:
3. A:
B:
4. A:
B:
5. A:
B:
6. A:
B:
7. A:
B:
8. A:
B:
9. A:
B:
252 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
(live / there / since last Mav
_______ (she / leave / at 4:00)
? (how m any tim es / you / there?
(I / tired / all day
(it / on the table / last night
_ (I / eat / there a few times
? (what tim e / they / get / here? ^
:e n t perfect or simple past? Complete the sentences.
.4: H ave y o u b ee n to France?
B: Yes, m any times.
the last time?
.4; W h e n __________________
B: Two years ago.
.4:
B:
A:
B:
Is this your car?
Yes, it is.
H ow lo n g _____
It’s new. I _____
Is this your car?
_ it?
. it yesterday.
A:
B:
A:
B:
W here do you live?
O n Maple Street.
H ow lo n g .
Five years. Before t h a t .
on Mill Road.
A: H ow lo n g .
Mill Road?
B: A bout three years.
4. A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
W hat do you do?
I w ork in a store.
H ow long
N early two years.
W hat
I
there?
. on
there?
before that?
a taxi driver.
.Vrite sentences about yourself.
(yesterday m orning)
(last night)
(yesterday afternoon)
(.. . days ago)________
5. (last week)
6. (last year)
1.
3.
/ w a s la te fo r w o rk y e s te r d a y morning.
_________________________________________
________________________________________
_________________________________________
________________________________________ _
_________________________________________
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 253
Present, past, and present perfect
23
Units 3-21
Which is right?
1. “ /s
Sue_ w ork[ng?_ (O ” “N o, she’s on vacation.”
A Does Sue work? B Is working Sue?
C Is Sue working?
2. “W h e r e
A lives your
uncle B does your uncle
D Does work Sue?
?” “In Dallas.”
live
C your uncle lives
3. I speak Italian, b u t ______________________________ French.
A I no speak
B I’m not speaking
C I doesn’t speak
D does live your uncle
D I don’t speak
4. “W h e re’s Tom ?” “______________________________ a shower at the m om ent.”
A H e’s taking
B He take
C He takes
D He has taken
5. W h y ______________________________angry w ith me yesterday?
A were you
B was you
C you were D have you been
6. My favorite movie is
Cleo’s Dream.____________________________ it four times.
A I’m seeing
B I see
C I was seeing
D I’ve seen
7. I ______________________________ out last night. I was too tired.
A don’t go
B didn’t went
C didn’t go
D haven’t gone
8. Liz is from Chicago. S h e _______________________________ there all her life.
A is living
B has lived
C lives
D lived
9. My frie n d ______________________________ for me w hen I arrived.
A waited
B has waited
C was waiting
D has been waiting
10. “H ow lo n g ________________________ English?” “Six m onths.”
A do you learn B are you learning
C you are learning
D have you been learning
11. Joel is C anadian,
A for three years
but he lives in Peru. He has been th e r e __________________ .
B since three years
C three years agoD during three
years
12. “W h a t t i m e _______________________ ?”
A has Lisa called
B Lisa has called
“A bout an hour ago.”
C did Lisa call D is Lisa calling
13. W h a t ________________________________ w hen you saw her?
A did Sue wear
B was Sue wearing
C has Sue worn
14. “C an you drive?”
A I never drive
D was wearing Sue
“N o ,______________________________ a car, but I w ant to learn.”
B I’m never driving C I’ve never driven
D I was never
driving
15. I saw H elen at the station w hen I was going to w ork this m orning, but she
______________________________ me.
A didn’t see
B don’t see
C hasn’t seen
D didn’t saw
254 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
Units 22-23, Appendix 1
: assive
^plete the sentences.
now
Taese houses w e r e b u ilt (build) 20 years
10. Before th at there was a movie theater
:rre, but the b u ild in g _____________________
carnage) in a fire and had to
______________________________ (tear down).
(build) in 1955.
This bridge .
(use) by
N ow i t ____
hundreds o f people every day. T he bridge
(paint) now.
in the past
now
HNKiilH
iiBARBERl
This s tre e t____________
5:reet. It used t o _______
Hill Street, but the nam e
change) a few years ago.
(call) K ennedy
_________ (call)
This is a bicycle factory. B icycles__________
i _______________(make) here since 1961. It’s
[ the largest bicycle factory in the country.
j Thousands o f bicycles____________________
_________________(produce) here every year.
Complete the sentences.
We w e r e in v ite d (invite) to the party, but we didn’t go.
The m useum is very popular. Every year i t ___________________(visit) by thousands of people.
M any b u ild in g s_______________________________(damage) in the storm last week.
A new road is going t o
(build) next year.
“W h ere’s your jacket?” “I t ___________________________ (clean). It w ill be ready tom orrow .”
She’s famous now, but in a few years her nam e w i l l _______________________________(forget).
“Are you happy w ith your w ashing m achine?” “N o t really. I t __________________________
_________________________________________(repair) three tim es since we bought it.”
M ilk s h o u ld ______________________________ (keep) in a fridge.
__________________________________________(you / ever / bite) by a snake?
My b a g _____________________________ (steal) from my car yesterday afternoon.
Nrite a new sentence with the same meaning.
I.
I.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Somebody has stolen my keys.
M y k e y s h a v e b een stolen.____________
Somebody stole my car last week.
My c a r ________________________________
Somebody wants you on the phone. Y o u
___
Somebody has eaten all the bananas. All t h e ________________________________
Somebody w ill repair the m achine.
T h e ___________________________________
Somebody is w atching us.
W e ____________________________________
Somebody has to do the housework. T h e ___________________________________
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 255
27
Active or passive? Complete the sentences.
1.
.
T hey
o re building
(build) a new airport now.
w e r e w a s h e d (wash).
h a v e b een w a s h e d
OR
(push) m e.”
“H ow did you fall?” “S om ebody__________________
(push).”
“H ow did you fall?” “I ___________________________
(take) it!
I can’t find my bag. Somebody .
(repair) at the m om ent.
My w atch is broken. I t _______
(invent) the camera?
W h o _______________________
_ (the camera / invent)?
W hen.
(wash).
These shirts are clean now. T hey .
(wash) them .
These shirts are clean now. I ____
(they / send) it to you?
T he letter was for me, so w h y ___
(send) to you as soon as possible.
T he inform ation w i l l __________
2 These shirts are clean now. They
3.
4.
5.
6
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
.
Future
28
Units 26-29
Which is the best alternative?
1.
W e 're having ( 3 ) a party next Sunday. I hope you can come.
A W e have
B W e’re having
C W e’ll have
2. Do you know about K a ren ? _______________________ her job. She told me last week.
A She quits
B She’s going to quit
C She’ll quit
3. T h ere’s a program on T V that I w ant to w a tc h .______________________ in five m inutes.
A It starts
B It’s starting
C It will start
4. T he w eather is nice now, but I t h i n k _______________________ later.
A it rains
B it’s raining
C it will rain
5. “W h a t
A do you do
next w eekend?” “N othing. I have no plans.”
B are you doing
C will you do
6. “W h en you see Tina, can you ask her to call m e?”
A I ask
B I’m going to ask
C I’ll ask
7. “W h a t w ould you like to drink, tea or coffee?”
A I have
B I’m going to have C I’ll have
8. D o n ’t take
A I read
“O K ,_______________________ her.”
“______________________ tea, please.”
that new spaper aw ay.______________________it.
B I’m going to read C I’ll read
9. Rachel is sick, s o
A she doesn’t come
B she isn’t coming
to the party tom orrow night.
C she won’t come
10. I w ant to m eet Sarah at the station. W h a t t i m e ______________________ ?
A does her train arrive
B is her train going to arrive
C is her train arriving
11. “W ill you be at hom e tom orrow night?” “N o ______________________ .”
A I go out
B I’m going out
C I’ll go out
12. “_______________________ you tom orrow ?” “Yes, fine.”
A Do I call
B Am I going to call
C Shall I call
256 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
ast, present, and future
Units 3-21, 26-29
: mplete the sentences.
1L -4;
B:
.4:
B:
A:
B:
*4:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
D id y o u g o
N o,_
W h a t.
______
____________
Y es,________
W h at movie .
____________
(you / go) out last night?
(I / stay) home,
(you / do)?
(I / watch) TV.
(you / go) out tom orrow night?
(I / go) to the movies.
(you / see)?
(I / not / k n o w )..
Are you visiting here?
Yes, we are.
H ow lo n g ___________
__________________________
And how lo n g ____________
U ntil the end o f next week.
A n d _____________________
Yes,
(I / not / decide) yet.
Are you
visiting here?
(you / be) here?
(we / arrive) yesterday.
__________(you / stay)?
(you / like) it here?
(we / have) a w onderful tim e.
(I / j u s t / rem em ber) - .
A: O h , ____________________________
(Karen / call) w hile you were out.
B:
(she / always / call) w hen I’m not here.
(she / leave) a message?
A: No, b u t .
(she / want) you to call her back as soon as possible.
B: O K , ___
(I / call) her now.
(you / know) her num ber?
A: It’s in my address b o o k .____
_______________________(I / get) it for you.
A: ______________________________ (I / go) out w ith C hris and Steve tonight.
______________________________ (you / want) to come w ith us?
B: Yes, w h e re _______________________________(you / g°)?
A: To the Italian restaurant on N o rth A venue.__________________________ (you / ever / eat)
there?
B: Y es,______________________
(I / be) there tw o or three times. In fact I
(go) there last night, but I’d love to go again!
5. A:
B:
w hen.
A: W ell,.
them now, so w here are they?
B: ____
A: No, .
(I / lose) my glasses again,
(you / see) them?
(you / wear) them
(I / come) in.
(I / not / wear)
(you / look) in the kitchen?
(I / go) and look now.
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 257
Past, present, and future
30
Units 3-23, 26-29, 53, 55, 99, 106
Rachel is talking about her best friend, Carolyn. Put the verbs in the correct form.
\
S
Carolyn is my best friend. I remem ber very well the first time
( l ) ______________________ (we / meet). It was our first day at high
school, and (2)
(we / sit) next to each other in
the first class. (3)_______________________ (we / not / know) any other
students in our class, and so (4)______________________ (we / become)
friends. W e found that (5).
. (we / like) the
same things, especially music and sports, and so
(6) _______________________ (we / spend) a lot of time together.
Rachel
31
(7 ) -----------------------------------(w e / finish) school five years ago, but
(8) _______________________ (we / meet) as often as we can. For the last
six months Carolyn (9)_______________________ (be) in Mexico - right
. (she / work) in a school as a teaching
now (10)___
assistant. (11).
(she / come) back to the States
next m onth, and when (12).
. (she / come) back,
(13)------------------------------- . (we / have) lots of things to talk about,
N ------------------------- (it / be) really nice to see her again.
Nick and his friend Jon are from London. They are traveling around the world. Read the
e-mails between Nick and his parents, and put the verbs in the correct form.
9 0 8
. . . . . . .
r
~
'
Dear M om and Dad,
W e’re in Los Angeles, the first stop on our round-the-world
trip! (l)
t/l/fe a r r iv e d (we / arrive) here yesterday, and now
; (2 )--------------------------------------(we / stay) at a hotel near the
airport. The flight was twelve hours, but
(3) _________________________ (we / enjoy) it.
(4) _________________________ (we / watch) some movies and
(5) _________________________ (sleep) for a few hours, which is
unusual for me - usually (6)_________________________
(I / not / sleep) well on planes.
Today is a rest day for us and (7 )_________________________
(we / not / do) anything special, but tomorrow
(8)
(we / go) to Hollywood
(9)
(see) the movie studios.
(10) _________________________ (we / not / decide) yet what
to do after Los Angeles. Jon (11)_________________________
(want) to drive up the coast to San Francisco, but I’d prefer
(12)_________________________ (go) south to San Diego.
I hope all is well with you - (13)_______________________
(I / send) you another e-mail next week.
Love,
Nick
258 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
Nick
» San Francisco
USA
Los Angeles
Pacific
Ocean
i San Diego
MEXICO
9 ^ 0
Dear Nick,
Thanks for your e-mail. It’s good to hear that (14)___________________________
you / have) a good time. W e’re fine - Ellie and Jo (15)___________________________
study) hard for their exams next month. Dad has been busy at work, and last week
(16)____________________________ (he / have) a lot of im portant meetings. H e’s a little
nred - I think (17)____________________________ (he / need) a good rest.
S
Keep in touch!
Love,
Mom
* month later . . .
I
9 ^ 0 ______________
1
Hi M om and Dad,
18)-------------------------19)-------------------------(20)-------------------------(21)_-----------------------beautiful there and (22).
before (23)___________
(24) -------------------------(25) _________________
(26) --------------------------
(we / be) in California for a m onth now.
(we / get) back to Los Angeles yesterday after
. (see) many wonderful places. I think the place
. (I / like) most was Yosemite National Park - it’s
. (we / go) cycling a lot. The day
______ (we / leave), Jon
. (have) an accident on his bike. Luckily
. (he / not / injure), but the bike
. (damage).
(27)
-------------message: now (28).
not Tuesday). (29).
(30) ____________
(31) _____________
. (we / change) our travel plans since my last
_____________ (we / leave) for Hawaii on Monday
(we / stay) there for a week before
. (fly) to N ew Zealand.
. (that / be) different, I’m sure!
All the best to Ellie and Jo for their exams.
Love,
Nick
9 0 ©
r
~ >
Hi Nick,
Have a good time in Hawaii! Ellie and Jo (32)
rheir exams yesterday - (33)
(34)
(we / get) the results.
We’re all OK. Dad and I (35)
vacation next month. (36)
weeks - (37)
(finish)
(I / let) you know when
(look) forward to our
(we / go) to Italy for two
(we / send) you an e-mail from there.
Take care!
Love,
Mom
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 259
Units 52-56, 106, 113
-ingandto . . .
32
Which is correct?
1. D on’t forget to turn (D) off the light before you go out.
A tu rn
B to tu rn
C turning
2. It’s late. I s h o u ld ______________________________ now.
A go
B to go
C going
3. I’m sorry, but I don’t have t i m e __________________________
C talking
B to talk
A for talking
to you now.
4. G ary is always in the kitchen. H e enjoys__
A cook
B to cook
C cooking
away for a few days.
5. W e’ve d e c id e d __________________________
A go
B to go
C going
6. You’re m aking too m uch noise. C an you please stop .
C shouting
A shout
B to shout
7. W ould you li k e ______________________________ to dinner on Sunday?
A come
B to come
C coming
. you.
8. T h at bag is too heavy for you. Let m e _________
A help
B to help
C helping
every day.
9. T h ere’s a sw im m ing pool near my house. I g o __
A to swim
B to swimming
C swimming
10. D id you use a d ic tio n a ry _____________________
C for translate
A to translate
B for translating
11. I’d lo v e _________________________
C having
A have
B to have
12. C ould you
A help
B to help
_ a car like yours.
me w ith this bag, please?
C helping
13. I don’t m in d _____________________
A sit
B to sit
C sitting
14. Do you w ant _
A that I help
. the letter?
_ here, but I’d prefer to sit by the window.
. you?
B me to help
C me helping
. work.
15. I usually read the new spaper b e fo re ________________
A start
B to start
C starting
. better.
16. I w asn’t feeling very well, but the m edicine m ade me
A feel
B to feel
C feeling
17. Shall I call the re sta u ra n t__________________________
A for reserve
B for reserving
C to reserve
18. Tom looked at me w ith o u t________________________
A say
B saying
C to say
260 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
a table?
anything.
3 and
Units 66, 70-74
the
lomplete the sentences.
1- ( Can you pass^
the sugar
. please?^)
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 261
34
Write a/an or the if necessary. If a/an/the are not necessary, leave an empty space (-).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
W h o is th e best player on your team?
I don’t watch - T V very often.
“Is there a bank near here?” “Yes, at the end o f this block.”
I can’t r i d e ________ horse.
________ sky is very clear tonight.
Do you live here, or are y o u _______ tourist?
W h a t did you have f o r ________ lunch?
W ho w a s
first president o f ________ U nited States?
“W h a t tim e is it?” “I don’t know. I don’t h a v e _______ w atch.”
I’m sorry, but I’ve forgotten your name. I can never re m e m b e r________ names.
W h at tim e i s ________ next train to Boston?
Kate never sen d s________ e-mails. She prefers to call people.
“W h e re’s Sue?” “She’s i n ________ backyard.”
Excuse me, I’m looking f o r _______ M ajestic H otel. Is it near here?
Gary was s ic k ________ last week, so he didn’t go t o _______ work.
Everest i s ________ highest m ountain i n ________ world.
I usually listen t o ________ radio w hile I’m h a v in g ________ breakfast.
I l i k e _______ sports. My favorite sport i s ________ basketball.
Julia i s _______ doctor. H er husband i s ________ art teacher.
My apartm ent is o n ________ second floor. T urn left a t ________top o f
stairs, and it’s
o n ________ right.
21. A fte r_______ dinner, we w a tc h e d _________TV.
22. I’ve been t o ________ no rth ern M exico but not t o ________ south.
Prepositions
35
Units 104-109, 112
Write a preposition {in/for/by, etc.).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Helen is studying m ath in college.
W h at is the longest riv e r _______ Europe?
Is there a n y th in g
T V tonight?
W e a rriv e d ________ the hotel after m idnight.
“W h e re’s M ike?” “H e’s _______ vacation.”
Tom hasn’t gotten up yet.H e’s s till________ bed.
Lisa is away. She’s been aw ay ________ Monday.
T he next m eeting i s
April 15.
W e traveled across C a n a d a _______ train.
T h ere’s too m uch su g a r________ my coffee.
Kevin lived in Las V egas_______ six m onths. He didn’t like it very much.
W ere there a lot of p e o p le _______ the party?
I don’t know any o f the p e o p le ________ this photo.
T he train was very slow. It
sto p p e d ____ every station.
I like this room . I like the p ic tu re s _______ the walls.
“Did you paint that picture?” “No, it was given to m e _______ a friend of m ine.”
I’m going aw ay _______ a few days. I’ll be b a c k ________ Thursday.
Silvia has g o n e
Italy. She’s ________ M ilan right now.
Em m a quit sch o o l____ sixteen
and got a j o b ________ a bookstore.
262 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
Study Guide
> guide will help you decide which units you need to study.
.. ;;i sentence can be com pleted using one or m ore o f the alternatives (A, B, C, etc.). You
re to decide which alternative (A, B, C, etc.) is right. SO M ETIM ES M O R E T H A N O N E
_TERNATIVE IS C O RRECT.
rou don’t know or if you are not sure which alternatives are correct, study the unit(s) in the
* on the right. You will find the correct sentence in the unit.
ere is an A nsw er Key to this Study G uide on page 306.
F YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH ANSWER IS RIGHT, STUDY UNIT(S)
: resent
1.1
A I cold
. Can you close the window, please?
B I’m cold
C I have cold
D It has cold
1.2 T o m .
A isn’t interested
D doesn’t interest
1.3
. in politics.
B not interested
C doesn’t interested
__________________ ?” “No, she’s out.”
A Is at home your m other
B Does your m other at home
C Is your m other at home
D Are your m other at home
1.4 These postcards are n ice.____________________
A How m uch are they?
B How many are they?
C How m uch they are?
D How much is they?
1.5 Look, there’s Sarah.________ ___________ a brown coat.
A She wearing
B She has wearing
C She is wearing
D She’s wearing
1.6 You can tu rn off the television.____________________ it.
A I’m not watch
B I’m not watching
C I not watchi
D I don’t watching
1.7 “____________________today?” “Yes, he is.”
A Is working Paul
B Is work Paul
C Is Paul work
D Is Paul working
1.8 Look, there’s Em ily!____________________
B W here she go?
A W here she is going?
D W here she going?
C W here’s she going?
1.9 The e a rth ___________ _________ around the sun.
C goes
D does go
E is go
A going
B go
1.10
W e ____ ____________ late on weekends.
A often sleep
B sleep often
C often sleeping
1.11 W e ____________________television very often.
A not watch
B doesn’t watch
C don’t watch
E watch not
D are often sleep
D don’t watching
STUDY GUIDE 263
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH ANSWER IS RIGHT, STUDY UNIT(S)
1.12
A Do you work
D Do you working
7, 24
on Sundays?” “No, not usually.”
B Are you work
C Does you work
E W ork you
1.13 I don’t understand this sentence. W h a t________
A mean this word
B means this word
D does this word mean
E this word means
7, 24
C does mean this word
1.14 Please be qu iet.____________________
A I working.
I work.
C I’m working.
8, 24
D I’m work.
a shower every morning.
C is taking
D take
1.15 T o m _______
B taking
A takes
on weekends?
B are you usually doing
E you do usually
1.16 W h a t.
A do you usually
D do you usually do
8
7, 8, 2
C are you usually do
1.17 Sarah isn’t feeling w ell.________
__________________ a headache.
A She have
B She have got
C She has
D She’s got
9, 59
1.18 Mr. and Mrs. H a rris__________
A don’t have
B doesn’t have
E hasn’t got
9, 59
______ any children.
C no have
D haven’t got
Past
2.1
The weather. ____________________ last week.
A is nice
B was nice
C were nice
D nice
2.2 W h y ______
A you was
B did you
10
E had nice
late this morning?
C was you
D you were
10
were you
in a bank from 2001 to 2008.
C works
D worked
E was work
11
2.3
T e rry _____
A work
B working
2.4
C aroline________
A go
B went
2.5
television yesterday.
I _______________
A didn’t watch
B didn’t watched
C wasn’t watched
D don’t watch
E didn’t watching
12, 24
2.6
_________ ?” “I don’t know. I didn’t see it.”
“H ow .
B did happen the accident
A happened the accident
D did the accident happen
C does the accident happen
E the accident happened
12
2.7 W h a t____________________ at 11:30 yesterday?
A were you doing
B was you doing
C you were doing
E you was doing
D were you do
13
264 STUDY GUIDE
________ to the movies three times last week.
C goes
D got
E was
11
= YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH ANSWER IS RIGHT, STUDY UNIT(S)
2.8 Jack was reading a book when the p h o n e ___________
A ringing
B ring
C rang
D was ringing
14
E was ring
at the bus stop.
2.9 I saw Lucy and Steve this morning. T h e y ___________
A waiting
B waited
C were waiting
D was waiting
E were waited
2.10 D av e.
A working
E used to work
14
15
________ in a factory. Now he works in a supermarket.
B works
C work
D use to work
esent perfect
3.1 “W here’s Rebecca?” “___________
A She is gone
B She has gone
E She’s gone
3.2
“Are Diane and Paul here?” “No, th e y ________
A don’t arrive yet
B have already arrived
D haven’t arrived yet
20
C haven’t already arrived
16, 24
3.3 My sister____________________ by plane.
A has never travel
D has never been traveled
19
_______to bed.”
C She goes
D She have gone
B has never traveled
E have never traveled
C is never traveled
3.4 ____________________ that wom an before, but I can’t remember where.
A I see
B I seen
C I’ve saw
D I’ve seen
E I’ve seeing
16, 24
3.5 “How lo n g ____________________ married?” “Since 1998.”
A you are
B you have been
C has you been
E have you been
17
3.6 “Do you know Lisa?”
A I knew
“Yes,
B I’ve known
D are you
_________________ her for a long time.”
C I know
3.7 Richard has been in Canada _
B since six months
A for six months
D in six months
3.8 “W hen did Tom leave?”
B Since ten minutes
A For ten minutes
D In ten minutes
17
D I am knowing
18, 105
C six months ago
18
C Ten minutes ago
_________________ a vacation last year.
3.9 W e _____________
A don’t take
B haven’t taken
C hasn’t taken
E didn’t took
21
D didn’t take
_________________ on Sunday afternoon? I couldn’t find you.
3.10 W here
A you were
B you have been
C was you
D have you been
E were you
21
STUDY GUIDE 265
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH ANSWER IS RIGHT, STUDY UNIT(S)
Passive
4.1 This h ouse
22, 24
100 years ago.
A is built
B is building
C was building
D was built
E built
4.2
W e __________________ to the party last week.
A didn’t invite
B didn’t invited
C weren’t invited
D wasn’t invited E haven’t been invited
22, 24
4.3
“W h e re
A you are
22
4.4
E were you
23
My car is at the garage.I t ____________________ .
A
D
4.5
born?” “In Cairo.”
C was you
D are you
B you were
is being repaired
repaired
B is repairing
E repairs
C have been repaired
I can’t find my keys. I th in k ____________________ .
A they’ve been stolen
B they are stolen
Cthey’ve stolen
D they’re being stolen
23
Verb form s
5.2
24
, so we didn’t need an umbrella.
B wasn’t rain
C didn’t raining
5.1 I t __
A wasn’t rained
Som ebody
A has broke
B has broken
A n d rew .
A is playing
B play
this window.
C has breaked
D wasn’t raining
25
D has break
Future
6.1
26
. tennis tomorrow.
C plays
D is play
26
6.2 ____________________ out tonight?
A Are you going
E Do you going
6.3
B Are you go
C Do you go
D Go you
“W hat time is the concert tonight?” “I t ____________________ at 7:30.”
A is start
B is starting
C starts
D start
E starting
6.4 W h a t____________________ to the wedding next week?
A are you wearing
B are you going to wear
D you are going to wear
6.5 I think K elly________________
A passes
B will pass
27
C do you wear
28
. her driver’s test.
C will be pass
D will passing
to the movies on Saturday. Do you want to come
6.6
with us?
A W e go
6.7 “
A I call
B W e’ll go
C W e’re going
26
26, 28
D W e will going
you tomorrow, OK?” “OK, bye.”
B I calling
C I’m calling
D I’ll call
29
6.8 There’s a good program on TV to night.____________________ it.
A I watch
B I’ll watch
C I’m going to watch
D I’ll watching
27, 29
6.9
29
It’s a nice day.____________________ for a walk?
A Do we go
B Shall we go
C Should we go
E Go we
266 STUDY GUIDE
D W e go
F YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH ANSWER IS RIGHT, STUDY UNIT(S)
lodals , im perative, etc.
7.1
to the movies tonight, but I’m not sure.
B I’m going
C I may go
D I might go
A I’ll go
here?” “Sure.”
B Do I sit
C May I sit
7.2
A Can I sit
3 0 , 31
D Can I to sit
31
7.3 I’m having a partv next week, but Paul and Rachel
A can’t come
B can’t to come
C can’t coming
7.4 Before Maria came to the United States, she
much English.
A can
B can’t
C not
D couldn’t
7.5 W e
A have to
B had to
7.7 It’s a good movie. You
A should to
B ought to
understand
C ought
32, 34
32
tired.
E must to be
?o and see it.
D should
E have
33
q-o
to the dentist tomorrow?
C have you to
D do you have to
some coffee?” “No, thank you.”
B You like
C W ould you like
A Are you liking
I don’t reallv want to eo out.
A I rather stay
B I’d rather stay
D I’d prefer to stay
7.12 Please
A don’t go
B you no go
7.13 It’s a nice dav.
A Let’s to go
34
wait very long for the bus - it came in a few minutes.
B hadn’t to
C didn’t have to
D didn’t had to
7.10
B Let’s go
31
E doesn’t
D can be
B you have to
7.9 W e
A don’t have to
E m ustn’t
7.11
D couldn’t come
walk home last ni^ht. There were no buses.
C must
D must to
E must have
7.6 You worked 10 hours todav. You
A must
B can
C must be
7.8 W hat time
A you must
30
35
D Do you like
home.
C I’d rather to stay
. Stav here with me.
C go not
D you don’t go
out.
C Let’s going
34
36
37
37
D W e go
There and it
8.1 Excuse me.
A has there
B is there
8.2
A Have
8.3
B It has
a hotel near here?
C there is
D is it
a lot of accidents on this road. It’s very dangerous.
C There have
D They are
E There are
I was hungrv when I e-ot home, but
A there wasn’t
B there weren’t
8.4
A It’s
B It has
8.5
A Is there
B Is it
38
C it wasn’t
anvthin? to eat.
D there hasn’t been
38
39
two miles from our house to downtown.
C There is
D There are
40
true that you’re moving to Dallas?
C Is
D Are you
40
STUDY GUIDE 267
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH ANSWER IS RIGHT, STUDY UNIT(S)
A uxiliary verbs
9.1
I haven’t seen the movie, but my sister.
D has
A does
B is
C has seen
E hasn’t
9.2 I don’t like hot weather, but S u e______________
A does
B doesn’t
C do
D does like
likes
9.3 “Nicole got m arried last week.” “____________
_ ? Really?’5
A Got she
B She got
C She did
D She has
9.4 You haven’t m et my m other,_______________
A haven’t you
B have you
C did you
E you haven’t
D you have
9.5 Bill doesn’t watch TV. He doesn’t read newspapers,
A too
B either
C neither
D never
9.6 “I’d like to go to Australia.” “_________________
A So do I
B So am I
C So would I
E So I would
D Neither do I
9.7 S u e____________________much on weekends.
A don’t
B doesn’t
C don’t do
D doesn’t do
Q uestions
10.1
“W h e n ___________________ ?” “I’m not sure. More than 100 years ago.”
A did the telephone invent
B has the telephone invented
C was invented the telephone
D was the telephone invented
E the telephone was invented
10.2 “I broke my finger last week.”
A did you
B you did
“H o w ____________________ that?”
C you did do
D did you do
10.3 W h y ____________________ me last night? I was waiting for you to call.
A didn’t you call
B you not call
C you don’t call
D you didn’t call
10.4
“W ho _
A lives
10.5 W h a t_____
A said Paul
B does live
_ in this house?” “I don’t know.”
C does lives
D living
_ when you told him the story?
B did Paul say
C Paul said
D did Paul said
10.6 “Tom’s father is in the hospital.” “____________________”
A In which hospital he is?
B In which hospital he is in?
C W hich hospital he is in?
D W hich hospital is he in?
10.7 Did you have a good vacation?____________________
A How was the weather like?
B W hat was the weather like?
C W hat the weather was like?
D Was the weather like?
10.8 ____________________ taller - Joe or Gary?
A W ho is
B W hat is
C W hich is
D W ho has
10.9 There are four umbrellas h ere.____________________ is yours?
A W hat
B W ho
C W hich
D How
E W hich one
268 STUDY GUIDE
48, 76
F YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH ANSWER IS RIGHT, STUDY UNIT(S)
10.10
10.11
How lo n g ___________________ to cross the Atlantic by ship?
A is it
B does it need
C does it take
D does it want
I don’t remember w h a t. __________________ at the party.
B was wearing Jenny
C was Jenny wearing
A Jenny was wearing
________________ ?”
10.12 “Do you k n o w _______
A if Jack is at home
D that Jack is at home
“Yes, I think so.”
B isja c k a th o m e
C whether Jack is at home
sorted speech
. me, but he didn’t.
D he’s going to call
l l .l
i saw Steve a week ago. He said th a t.
A he call
B he calls
C he’ll call
E he would call
11.2
“W hy did T im go to bed so early?” “H e ____________________ .”
A said he was tired
B said that he was tired
C said me he was tired
D told me he was tired
E told that he was tired
-g and to . . .
12.1 You shouldn’t . ___________________ so hard.
B work
C to work
D worked
A working
12.2 It’s late. I ____
A must to go
B have go
. now.
C have to going
D have to go
12.3
_______ her car.
Tina has decided_________________
A sell
B to sell
C selling
D to selling
12.4
I don’t m in d ____________________ early.
A get up
B to get up
C getting up
D to getting up
Do you lik e ____________________ early?
A get up
B to get up
C getting up
D to getting up
12.5
12.6 Do you w a n t
A me lend
B me lending
you some money?
C me to lend
D that I lend
12.7 H e’s very funny. He m akes____________________ .
A me laugh B me laughing
C me to laugh
D that I laugh
12.8 Paula went to the store____________________ some fruit.
C for getting
D to get
B for to get
A for get
E get
So, get, do, make, and have
13.1
The water looks nice. I’m going
A for a swim
B on a swim
C to swimming
13.2 I’m sorry your m other is sick. I hope sh e _______________
A has
B makes
C gets
D goes
13.3
13.4
K a te ________ the car and drove away.
A went into
B went in
C got in
D swimming
better soon.
D got into
“Shall Iopen the window?” “No, it’s OK. I’l l _________
A do
B make
C get
D open
. it.”
STUDY GUIDE 269
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH ANSWER IS RIGHT, STUDY UNIT(S)
13.5 Fm sorry, I _______
A did
B made
13.6
A Have you
58
. a mistake.
D had
C got
enough time to do everything you wanted?
B Had you
C Do you have
D Did you have
59
Pronouns and possessives
14.1 I don’t want this book. You can h av e___
A it
B them
C her
D him
60, 63
14.2 Sue and Kevin are going to the movies. Do you want to go with
?
60, 63
A her
B they
C them
D him
61, 63
________________husband.
14.3 I know Donna, but I don’t k n o w .
C she
D her
A their
B his
14.4 Hawaii is famous f o r ____
A his
B its
C it’s
61
. beaches.
D their
14.5 I didn’t have an umbrella, so Helen gave m e _______________
A her
B hers
C her umbrella
D she’s
62. 63
14.6 I went to the movies with a friend o f ____________________ .
A mine
B my
C me
D I
E myself
62, 63
14.7 W e had a good vacation. W e enjoyed____________________ .
A us
B our
C ours
D ourself
E ourselves
64
14.8 Kate and Helen are good friends. They k n o w .
A each other
B them
C themselves
. well.
14.9 Have you m e t____________________ ?
B Mr. Black wife
A the wife of Mr. Black
E the Mr. Black’s wife
D Mr. Black’s wife
14.10 Have you seen _________
A the car of my parents
D my parents car
64
D theirselves
65
C the wife Mr. Black
?
B my parent’s car
65
C my parents’ car
A and the
15.1
I’m going to b u y _______
A hat and umbrella
C a hat and an umbrella
66, 68
B a hat and a umbrella
D an hat and an umbrella
15.2 “W hat do you do?” “____________________ .”
A I dentist
B I’m a dentist
C I’m dentist
270
66
D I do dentist
15.3 I’m going shopping. I n e e d ____________________ .
A some new jeans
B a new jeans
C a new pair of jeans
D a new pair jeans
67
15.4 I like the people h ere.____________________ very friendly.
A She is
B They are
C They is
D It is
E He is
67
15.5 W e can’t get into the house w ith o u t____________________ .
A some key
B a key
C key
68
STUDY GUIDE
YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH ANSWER IS RIGHT, STUDY UNIT(S)
15.7 W e enjoyed our vacation..
C An hotel
A Hotel
B A hotel
. was very nice.
D The hotel
B middle of the room
D the middle of room
71
15.9 W hat did you have fo r________________
A the breakfast
B breakfast
C a breakfast
B work
72
. at 5:00 every day.
C a work
15.11 Pm tired. I’m go ing_______
A in bed
B in the bed
15.12 W e don’t eat.
A the meat
71
71
15.8 The table is i n __________
A middle of room
C the middle of the room
5.10 I fin ish .
A the work
69
*O
15.6 I’d lik e ____________________about hotels in Mexico City.
A some information
B some informations
C an information
72
C to a bed
D to the bed
E to bed
73
. very often.
D meat
C a meat
B some meat
is in N ew York.
15.13 ____________
B Times Square
A The Times Square
74
15.14 My friends are staying at
B Regent Hotel
A the Regent Hotel
74
I terminers and pronouns
16.1 “I’m going on vacation next week.”
A it’s
B this is
C that’s
“O h ,.
16.2 “Is there a bank near here?” “Yes, there’s _
the corner.”
D a one
A some
B it
C one
16.3 This cup is dirty. Can I h av e_______________
A clean one
B a clean one
C clean
. nice.
75
. on
76
76
D a clean
16.4 I’m going shopping. I’m going to b u y _________________
A any
B some
. clothes.
77
16.5 “W here’s your luggage?” “I don’t have______________
A one
B some
C any
77
16.6 Tracey and J e ff____________________ .
A have no children
B don’t have no children
C don’t have any children
D have any children
78, 79
16.7 “How much money do you have?”
A No
B No one
CAny
78
“________________
D None
16.8 There i s ____________________ in the room. It’s empty.
C anyone
D no one
A anybody
B nobody
79, 80
16.9 “W hat did you say?” “____
A N othing
B Nobody
79, 80
C Anything
D Anybody
STUDY GUIDE 271
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH ANSWER IS RIGHT, STUDY UNIT(S)
16.10 I’m hungry. I w a n t__
A something for eat
C something for eating
B something to eat
16.11 It rain ed ___________ _______ last week.
B all days
C every days
A all day
16.12
D every day
________ friends.
B Everybody needs
A Everybody need
D Everyone needs
C Everyone need
16.13 ____________________ children like to play.
A Most
B The most
C Most of
16.14
D The most of
________________ those pictures.
Hike
A both
B both of
C either
D either of
16.15 I haven’t re a d
A neither
B neither of
these books.
C either
D either of
16.16 Do you h av e____________________ friends?
A a lot of
B much
C many
D much of
E many of
16.17 W e like movies, so we go to the m ovies____________________.
A a lot of
B much
C many
D a lot
16.18 There w e re
A a little
B few
16.19
They have.
B a few
A a little
C little
people in the theater. It was almost empty.
D a few of
_______ money, so they’re not poor.
C few
D little
E little of
A djectives and adverbs
17.1 I don’t speak a n y _____
A foreign languages
B languages foreign
C languages foreigns
17.2 He ate his dinner v e ry ____________________ .
A quick
B quicker
C quickly
17.3 You speak English v e ry _________
A good
B fluent
C well
D slow
17.4 Helen w an ts___________________
A a more big car
B a car more big
C a car bigger
D a bigger car
17.5 “Do you feel better today?” “No, I fe el____________________ .”
A good
B worse
C more bad
D more worse
17.6 Athens is o ld er____________________ Rome.
A as
B than
C that
D of
17.7 I can run faster____________________.
A than him
B that he can
C than he can
____________soccer.
17.8 Tennis isn’t ________________
B popular than
A popular as
E as popular as
D so popular that
272 STUDY GUIDE
D as he can
C as popular than
E as he
F YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH ANSWER IS RIGHT, STUDY UNIT(S)
17.9 The weather today is the sam e_________
A as
B that
C than D like
. yesterday.
. m town.
17.10 The Best W est Motel i s _______________
A the more expensive motel
B the most expensive motel
C the motel most expensive
D the motel the more expensive
E the motel more expensive
17.11 The movie was very bad. I think it’s the _
ever seen.
A worse
B baddest
C most bad
. movie I’ve
D worst
E more worse
17.12 W hy don’t you buy a car? You’ve g o t____________________ .
A enough money
B money enough
C enough of money
17.13 Is your E nglish____________________ a conversation?
A enough good to have
B good enough for have
D good enough to have
C enough good for
17.14 I’m __________________ . out.
A too tired for go
B too much tired for going
D too much tired to go
C too tired to go
fiord order
18.1 Sue is interested in the news. She .
A reads every day a newspaper
B reads a newspaper every day
C every day reads a newspaper
18.2 ____________________coffee in the morning.
A I drink always
B Always I drink
C I always drink
18.3 ____________________during the day.
A They are at home never
B They are never at home
C They never are at home
D Never they are at home
18.4 “W here’s Emma?” “S h e____________________.”
A isn’t here yet
B isn’t here already
C isn’t here still
18.5 I locked the door, and I gave____________________.
A Sarah the keys
B to Sarah the keys
C the keys Sarah
D the keys to Sarah
Conjunctions and clauses
19.1 I can’t talk to you now. I’ll talk to you later w h e n ________________
more time.
A I’ll have
B I had
C I have
D I’m going to have
19.2
A If I’m
_______ late tonight, don’t wait for me.
B If I’ll be
C W hen I’m
D W hen I’ll be
19.3 I don’t know the answer. If I ____________
A know
B would know
C have known
19.4
I like that jack et._____
A I buy
B I’ll buy
the answer, I’d tell you.
D knew
___________ it if it wasn’t so expensive.
C I bought
D I’d bought
E I’d buy
STUDY GUIDE 273
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH ANSWER IS RIGHT, STUDY UNIT(S)
________is 100 years old.
D it
E what
19.5 Em m a lives in a h o u se__________
A who
B that
C which
19.6
The people____________________ work in the office are very friendly.
A who
B that
C they
D which
E what
19.7 Did you find the books____________________ ?
A who you wanted
B that you wanted C what you wanted
D you wanted
E you wanted it
19.8 I m e t____________________ can speak six languages.
A a wom an who
B a wom an which
C a woman
D a wom an she
Prepositions
20.1
Bye! See y o u ____________________ .
A Friday
B at Friday
C in Friday
D on Friday
20.2
Hurry! The train leaves____________________ five minutes.
A at
B on
C from
D after
E in
20.3
“How long will you be away?”
A On
B To
C Until
“____________________ Monday.”
D Till
E Since
. two hours.
20.4 W e played basketball yesterday. W e played _
A in
B for
C since
D during
20.5
I always have breakfast before .
A I go
B go
C to go
. to work.
D going
20.6 W rite your n a m e ____________________ the top of the page.
A at
B on
C in
D to
20.7 There are a lot of apples____________________ those trees.
A at
B on
C in
D to
. the world?
20.8 W h at’s the largest c ity __
A at
B on
C in
D of
. the second floor.
20.9 The office i s ___________
C in
A at
B on
D to
. the party.
20.10 I m et a lot of people_____
A on
B to
C in
20.11
D at
. Mexico next year.
I want to g o ____________
C in
A at
B on
D to
20.12 W hat time did you arrive .
A at
B on
C in
20.13
. the hotel?
D to
“W here is Don in this picture?” “Don i s __________
A at front of
B in the front of
C in front of
20.14 I jum ped.
A on
B through
. Bob.”
D in front from
. the wall into the garden.
C across
D over
E above
20.15 Jane isn’t at work this week. She’s ____________________ vacation.
A on
B in
C for
D to
E at
274 STUDY GUIDE
; YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH ANSWER IS RIGHT, STUDY UNIT(S)
10.16
Do you like traveling____________________ ?
A with train
B with the train
C in train
E by train
D on train
1 0.17 Fm not very g o o d ____________________ telling stories.
A on
B with
C at
D in
E for
20.18
Tom left w ith o u t____________________good-bye.
A say
B saying
C to say
D that he said
20.19 I have to ca ll____________________ tonight.
A w ith my parents
B to my parents
C at my parents
10.20
D my parents
“Do you like eating in
restaurants?”“Sometimes.It depends
_______________ the restaurant.”
E over
A in
B at
C of
D on
Phrasal verbs
21.1 A car stopped and a woman g o t.
A off
B down
C out
21.2
21.3
D out of
It was cold, so I ______________
B put my coat on
A put on my coat
D put me the coat on
I have Rachel’s keys. I have t o _____
A give back
B give them back
C put the coat on me
. to her.
C give back them
D give it back
STUDY GUIDE 275
Answer Key to Exercises
UNIT 1________________________
1.1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
they’re
it isn’t / it’s not
that’s
I’m not
you aren’t / you’re not
’m /am
is
are
’s/is
6. are
7. is . . . are
8. ’m /am . . . is
2.
3.
4.
5.
f
h
c
a
6.
7.
8.
9.
e
b
i
d
2.2
I’m / I am
He’s / He is
they’re / they are
It’s / It is
You’re / You are
She’s / She is
Here’s / Here is
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Is your job interesting?
Are the stores open today?
Where are you from?
Are you interested in sports?
Is the post office near here?
Are your children at school?
Why are you late?
2.3
1.4
Example answers:
1. My name is Robert.
2. I’m from Brazil.
3. I’m 25.
4. I’m a cook.
5. My favorite colors are black
and white.
6. I’m interested in plants.
1.5
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
UNIT 2
2.1
1.3
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. I’m /I am a good swimmer.
or I’m not / I am not a good
swimmer.
10. I’m / I am interested in
politics, or I’m not / I am
not interested in politics.
They’re / They are cold.
He’s / He is hot.
He’s / He is afraid.
They’re / They are hungry.
She’s / She is angry.
1.6
2. It’s/ It is windy today.
or It isn’t / i t ’s not windy
today.
3. My hands are cold, or
My hands aren’t / are
not cold.
4. Brazil is a very big country.
5. Diamonds aren’t / are not
cheap.
6. Toronto isn’t / is not in the
United States.
8. I’m /I am hungry, or I’m
not / I am not hungry.
276 ANSWER K EY TO EXERCISES
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
W here’s / Where is
How old are
How much are
W hat’s / W hat is
W ho’s / Who is
W hat color are
2.4
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Are you Australian?
How old are you?
Are you a teacher?
Are you married?
Is your wife a lawyer?
W here’s/W here is she from?
W hat’s/W hat is her name?
How old is she?
2.5
2. Yes, I am. or No, I’m not.
3. Yes, it is. or No, it isn’t. /
No, it’s not.
4. Yes, they are. or No, they
aren’t. / No, they’re not.
5. Yes, it is. or No, it isn’t. /
No, it’s not.
6. Yes, I am. or No, I’m not.
UNIT 3
3.1
2. ’s/is waiting
3. ’re/are playing
4. He’s/H e is lying
5. They’re/They are having
6. She’s/She is sitting
3.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
’s/is cooking
’re/are standing
’s/is swimming
’re/are staying
’s/is taking
’re/are building
’m /am leaving
3.3
3. She’s/She is sitting on
the floor.
4. She isn’t/She’s not reading
a book.
5. She isn’t/She’s not playing
the piano.
6. She’s/She is laughing.
7. She’s/She is wearing a hat.
8. She isn’t/She’s not writing
a letter.
3.4
3. I’m sitting on a chair, or
I’m not sitting on a chair.
4. I’m eating, or I’m not
eating.
5. It’s raining, or It isn’t
raining. / It’s not raining.
6. I’m studying English.
7. I’m listening to music, or
I’m not listening to nyisic.
8. The sun is shining, or
The sun isn’t shining.
9. I’m wearing shoes, or
I’m not wearing shoes.
10. I’m not reading a newspap;
UNIT 4_______________________
4.1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Are you leaving now?
Is it raining?
Are you enjoying the movi:
Is that clock working?
Are you waiting for a bus?
4.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Where is she going?
W hat are you eating?
Why are you crying?
W hat are they looking at:
Why is he laughing?
UNIT 6
! 3 Are you listening to me?
- Where are your friends
going?
Are your parents watching
Television?
il What is Jessica cooking?
Why are you looking at me?
& Is the bus coming?
•4
. Yes, Iam. or
I. Yes, Iam. or
- Yes, it is. or
No, it’s not.
Yes, I am. or
il Yes, I am. or
No, I’m not.
No, I’m not.
No, it isn’t. /
No, I’m not.
No, I’m not.
JNIT 5
I thinks
r flies
4. dances
52
1 live
She eats
- He plays
53
1 open
: closes
teaches
: meet
• washes
5. has
6. finishes
5. They go
6. He sleeps
7.
8.
9.
10.
costs
cost
boils
like .
5.4
I I never go to the movies.
; Martina always works hard.
4. Children usually like
chocolate.
5. Julia always enjoys parties.
I often forget people’s
names.
~ Tim never watches
television.
■ We usually have dinner
at 6:30.
A Jenny always wears nice
clothes.
_________ ___
6.1
2. Jane doesn’t play the piano
very well.
3. They don’t know my phone
number.
4. We don’t work very hard.
5. Mike doesn’t have a car.
6. You don’t do the same thing
every day.
6.2
1. Carol doesn’t like classical
music.
I like (or I don’t like) classical
music.
2. Bill and Rose don’t like
boxing.
Carol likes boxing.
I like (or I don’t like) boxing.
3. Bill and Rose like horror
movies.
Carol doesn’t like horror
movies.
I like (or I don’t like) horror
movies.
6.3
6.4
2. doesn’t use
3. don’t go
4. doesn’t wear
5. don’t know
6. doesn’t cost
7. don’t see
6.5
don’t know
doesn’t talk
drinks
don’t believe
like
doesn’t eat
UNIT 7
5.5
Ixample answers:
2. I sometimes read in bed.
3. I often get up before 7:00.
4. I never go to work by bus.
5. I always drink coffee in
the morning.
7.2
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Example answers:
2. I never go to the theater.
3. I don’t ride a bicycle very
often.
4. I never eat in restaurants.
5. I travel by train a lot.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
5. Does your brother speak
English? / Does he speak
English?
6. Do you do yoga every
morning?
7. Does Paul often travel on
business? / Does he often
travel on business?
8. Do you want to be famous?
9. Does Anna work hard? /
Does she work hard?
7.1
2. Do you play tennis?
3. Does Lucy live near here?
4. Do Tom’s friends play tennis? /
Do they play tennis?
14.
How often do you watch TV?
W hat do you want for dinner?
Do you like football?
Does your brother like
football?
W hat do you do in your
free time?
Where does your sister work?
Do you ever go to the movies?
W hat does this word mean?
Does it often snow here?
W hat time do you usually go
to bed?
How much does it cost to
call Mexico?
W hat do you usually have
for breakfast?
7.3
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Do you enjoy / Do you like
do you start
Do you work
do you get
does he do
does he teach
Does he enjoy / Does he like
7.4
2. Yes, I do. or No, I don’t.
3. Yes, I do. or No, I don’t.
4. Yes, it does, or No, it
doesn’t.
5. Yes, I do. or No, I don’t.
UNIT 8
8.1
2. No, she isn’t.
Yes, she does.
She’s playing the piano.
3. Yes, he does.
Yes, he is.
He’s washing a window.
4. No, they aren’t.
Yes, they do.
They teach.
ANSWER K EY TO EXERCISES 277
8.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
8.3
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
don’t
are
does
’s / i s . . . don’t
6. do
7. does
8. doesn’t
’s / is singing
She wants
do you read
you’re / you are sitting
I don’t / I do not understand
I’m / I am going . . . Are you
coming
does your father finish
I’m not / I am not listening
He’s / He is cooking
doesn’t usually drive . . .
usually walks
doesn’t like . . . She prefers
UNIT 9
9.1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
he’s got
they’ve got
she hasn’t got
it’s got
I haven’t got
9.2
2. He’s got a computer, or
He has a computer.
3. He hasn’t got a dog. or
He doesn’t have a dog.
4. He hasn’t got a cell phone, or
He doesn’t have a cell phone.
5. He’s got a watch, or He has
a watch.
6. He’s got two brothers and
a sister, or He has two
brothers and a sister.
7. I’ve got a computer. / I have a
computer, or I haven’t got
a computer. / I don’t have a
computer.
8. I’ve got a dog. / I have a dog.
or I haven’t got a dog. / I
don’t have a dog.
9. I’ve got a bike. / I have a bike.
or I haven’t got a bike. / I
don’t have a bike.
10. (Example answer) I’ve got a
brother and a sister.
9.3
3. He has a new job.
4. They don’t have much money.
5. Do you have an umbrella?
278 ANSWER K EY TO EXERCISES
6. We have a lot of work to do.
7. I don’t have your phone
number.
8. Does your father have a car?
9. How much money do we
have?
9.4
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
has
don’t
got
have
doesn’t
9.5
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
have four wheels.
has a lot of friends.
don’t have a key.
has six legs.
don’t have much time.
UNIT 10_________________ ___
10.1
2. Jack and Kate were at the
movies.
3. Sue was at the station.
4 . Mr. and Mrs. Hall were in/at
a restaurant.
5. Ben was at the beach.
6. (Example answer) I was at
work.
10.2
2. is . . . was
3. ’m /am
4 . was
5. were
6.
7.
8.
9.
’re/are
Was
was
are . . . were
10.3
2. wasn’t . . . was
3. w a s. . . were
4 . “W ere Kate and Bill at the
party?” “Kate was there,
but Bill wasn’t.” or “Kate
wasn’t there, but Bill was.”
5. were
6. weren’t . . . were
10.4
2. Was your exam difficult?
3. Where were Sue and Chris
last week?
4. How much was your new
camera?
5. Why were you angry
yesterday?
6. Was the weather nice last
week?
UNIT 1 1 ___________
11.1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
opened
started . . . ended
wanted
happened
rained
enjoyed . . . stayed
died
11.2
2. saw
3. played
4. paid
5. visited
6. bought
7. went
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
thought
copied
knew
put
spoke
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
checked
had
waited
departed
arrived
took
11.3
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
got
had
left
drove
got
parked
walked
11.4
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
lost her keys
met her friends
bought two newspapers.
went to the movies.
ate an orange.
took a shower.
came (to see us)
11.5
Example answers:
2. I got up late yesterday.
3. I met some friends at
lunchtime.
4. I went to the supermarket.
5. I called a lot of people.
6. I lost my keys.
UNIT 12_______________ _______
12.1
2. didn’t work
3. didn’t go
12.2
2. Did
3. Did
4. Did
5. Did
you
you
you
you
4. didn’t
5. didn’t d:
enjoy the party?
have a nice vacat:::
finish work early?
sleep well last nig - *'
*13
. I got up before 7:00. or
I didn’t get up before 7:00.
I took a shower, or
I didn’t take a shower.
4. I bought a magazine, or
I didn’t buy a magazine.
I ate meat, or
I didn’t eat meat.
I went to bed before 10:30. or
I didn’t go to bed before 10:30.
-2.4
1 did you get to work
Did you win
- did you go
: did it cost
Did you go to bed late
Did you have a nice time
did it happen / did that happen
*2.5
I bought
Did it rain
4 didn’t stay
: opened
6. didn’t have
7. did you do
8. didn’t know
.NIT 13
*3.1
1 Jack and Kate were at the
supermarket. They were
buying food.
Tim was in his car. He was
driving.
- Tracey was at the station. She
was waiting for a train.
: Mr. and Mrs. Hall were in the
park. They were walking.
(Example answer) I was at a
cafe. I was having coffee with
some friends.
*3.2
1 she was playing tennis
she was reading a/the
newspaper
- she was cooking (lunch)
: she was having/eating breakfast
she was cleaning the kitchen
*3.3
2. W hat were you doing
Was it raining
- Why was Sue driving
: Was Tim wearing
*3.4
2. He was carrying a bag.
? He wasn’t going to the dentist.
4. He was eating an ice cream
cone.
5. He wasn’t carrying an
umbrella.
6. He wasn’t going home.
7. He was wearing a hat.
8. He wasn’t riding a bicycle.
UNIT 14
15.3
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
used to have
used to be
go/commute
used to eat
watches
used to live
get
did you use to play
14.1
1. happened . . . was painting
. . . fell
2. arrived . . . g o t. . . were
waiting
3. was walking . . . m e t. . .
was going . . . was carrying
. . . stopped
14.2
2. was studying
3. did the mail arrive . . . came . . .
was having
4. didn’t go
5. were you driving . . .
stopped . . . wasn’t driving
6. Did your team win . . .
didn’t play
7. did you break . . . were
playing . . . h i t . . . broke
8. Did you see . . . was wearing
9. were you doing
10. lo st.. . did you g e t. .. climbed
UNIT 15
15.1
2. He used to play baseball.
3. She used to be a taxi driver.
4. They used to live in the
country.
5. He used to wear glasses.
6. This building used to be
a hotel.
15.2
2. She used to play volleyball.
3.-6.
She used to go out three or
four nights a week. / She used
to go out a lot.
She used to play a musical
instrument. / She used to play
the guitar.
She used to read a lot. / She
used to like to read.
She used to take two or three
trips a year. / She used to
travel a lot.
UNIT 16
16.1
3. Have you ever been to South
Korea?
4. Have you ever lost your
passport?
5. Have you ever flown in a
helicopter?
6. Have you ever won a race?
7. Have you ever been to Peru?
8. Have you ever driven a bus?
9. Have you ever broken your
leg?
16.2
Helen:
2. She’s/She has been to South
Korea once.
3. She’s/She has never won a
race.
4. She’s/She has flown in a
helicopter a few times.
You (example answers):
5. I’ve/I have never been to
New York.
6. I’ve/I have played tennis
many times.
7. I’ve/I have never driven a
truck.
8. I’ve/I have been late for
work a few times.
16.3
2-6.
She’s/She has done a lot of
interesting things.
She’s/She has traveled all
over the world, or She’s/
She has been all over the
world.
She’s/She has been married
three times.
She’s/She has written 10
books.
She’s/She has met a lot of
interesting people.
ANSWER K EY TO EXERCISES 279
16.4
3.
4.
5.
6.
Have you ever written
She’s/She has never met
they’ve/they have read
I’ve/I have never been . . . my
brother has been
7. She’s/She has seen . . . I’ve /
I have never seen
8. I’ve/I have traveled
UNIT 17_______________________
17.1
3.
4.
5.
6.
have been
has been
have lived / have been living
has worked / has been
working
7. has had
8. have been studying
17.2
18.1
3. for
4. since
5. since
2.
3.
4.
5.
A year ago.
A few weeks ago.
Two hours ago.
Six months ago.
18.3
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
for 20 years.
20 years ago.
an hour ago.
a few days ago.
for six months.
for a long time
17.3
18.5
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
I know
I’ve known
have you been waiting
works
She has been reading
have you lived
I’ve had
is . . . He has been
280 ANSWER K EY TO EXERCISES
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
18.2
18.4
17.4
6. for
7. for
8. for . . . since
Example answers:
2. How long have they been
there? or . . . been in
Brazil?
3. How long have you known
her? or . . . known Amy?
4. How long has she been
studying Italian?
5. How long has he lived in
Seattle? / How long has he
been living . . . ?
6. How long have you been a
teacher?
7. How long has it been raining?
2. She has lived in South Korea
all her life.
3. They have been on vacation
since Sunday.
4. The sun has been shining
all day.
5. She has been waiting for
10 minutes.
6. He has had a beard since he
was 20.
19.2
UNIT 18
2. Jack has been here since
Tuesday.
3. It’s been raining for an hour.
4. I’ve known Sue since 2002.
5. Claire and Matthew have
been married for six months.
6. Liz has been studying
medicine (at the university)
for three years.
7. David has played / David has
been playing the piano since
he was seven years old.
Example answers:
1. I’ve lived in . . . all my life.
2. I’ve been to New York three
times.
3. I’ve been studying English for
six months.
4. I’ve known Chris for a long
time.
5. I’ve had a headache since I got
up this morning.
UNIT 19__________________ ___
19.1
2. He has/H e’s closed the door.
3. They have/They’ve gone
to bed.
4. It h a s/it’s stopped raining.
5. He has/H e’s taken a shower.
6. The picture has fallen down.
7.
9.
10.
11.
I’ve written them a letter.
She’s broken her arm.
They’ve moved to Seattle.
I’ve made a big mistake.
I’ve lost my wallet. . . . Have
you seen it anywhere?
Have you heard? Mark has
gotten married.
Brian took my bike again
without asking.
Did you tell your friends the
good news?
We didn’t pay the electric b:
UNIT 20
20.1
2. He’s/H e has just gotten up.
3. They’ve/They have just
bought a car.
4. The race has just started.
20.2
2. No, they’ve / they have
already seen it.
3. I’ve / I have already called
him.
4. He’s / He has already left
gone to work.
5. I’ve / I have already read it
6. She’s / She has already
started (it).
20.3
2. Have you told your father
about the accident yet?
3. I’ve / I have just eaten a biz
dinner, so I’m not hungry.
4. Jenny can watch TV becau> :
she’s / she has already done
her homework.
5. You can’t go to bed - you
haven’t brushed your teeth 6. You can’t talk to Pete beca;:
he’s / he has just gone hom:
7. Nicole has just gotten out ::
the hospital, so she can’t gc
to work.
9. The mail carrier didn’t
come yet.
10. I just spoke to your sister.
11. Did Mario buy a new
computer yet?
12. Ted and Alice didn’t tell
anyone they’re getting
married yet.
13. We already did our packin'
for our trip.
14. I just swam a mile.
21.4
. Have you met your new
neighbors yet?
Have you paid your phone
bill yet?
- Has Tom /he sold his car yet?
.SIT 21
_____ _
11.1
I I started (it)
they arrived
4L she went out
: I wore it
21.2
I finished
4. OK
: did you finish
- OK
(Steve’s grandmother) died
Where were you / W here did
you go
21.3
played
1 did you go
: Have you ever met
* wasn’t
’s/has visited
?. turned
- lived
. haven’t been
21.4
- Did you have
was
2 has won
Have you seen
saw
3 has had . . . w as. . . worked .. .
didn’t enjoy
’ve/have seen . . . ’ve/have
never spoken . . . Have you
ever spoken
met
UNIT 22
22.1
3. Glass is made from sand.
4. Stamps are sold in a post office.
5. This word isn’t used very
often.
6. Are we allowed to park here?
7. How is this word pronounced?
9. The house was painted
last month.
10. My phone was stolen a few
days ago.
11. Three people were injured in
the accident.
12. W hen was this bridge built?
13. I wasn’t woken up by the noise.
14. How were these windows
broken?
15. Were you invited to Jon’s
party last week?
22.2
2. Soccer is played in m o st. . .
3. Why was the letter sent
to . . . ?
4. . . . where cars are repaired.
5. Where were you born?
6. How many languages are
spoken . . . ?
7. . . . but nothing was stolen.
8. W hen was the bicycle
invented?
22.3
3. is made
4. were damaged
5. was given
6. are shown
7. were invited
8. was made
9. was stolen . . . was found
22.4
2. Isabel was born in Sao Paulo.
3. Her parents were born in Rio
de Janeiro.
4. I was born in . ..
5. My mother was born in . . .
UNIT 23
23.1
2. A bridge is being built.
3. The windows are being
cleaned/washed.
4. The grass is being cut.
23.2
3. The window has been
broken.
4. The roof is being repaired.
5. The car has been damaged.
6. The houses are being
torn down.
7. The trees have been cut down.
8. They have been invited to
a party.
23.3
3. has been repaired / was
repaired
4. was repaired
5. are made
6. were they built
7. Is the computer being used
(or Is anybody using the
computer)
8. are they called
9. were stolen
10. was damaged . . . hasn’t been
repaired
UNIT 24
24.1
3. are
4. Does
5. Do
6. Is
7.
8.
9.
10.
do
Is
does
Are
24.2
2. don’t
3. ’m /am not
4. isn’t
5. don’t
6. doesn’t
7. ’m /am not
8. aren’t / ’re not
24.3
2. Did
3. were
4. was
5. Has
6. did
24.4
2. was
3. Have
4. are
5. were
24.5
3. eaten
4. enjoying
5. damaged
6. use
7. gone
7.
8.
9.
10.
6.
7.
8.
9.
were
Has
did
have
’ve/have
is
was
has
8.
9.
10.
11.
understand
listening
pronounced
open
UNIT 25
25.1
3. said
4. brought
5. paid
6. enjoyed
7. bought
8. sat
9. left
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
happened
heard
put
caught
watched
understood
ANSWER K EY TO EXERCISES 281
25.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
began
ate
drank
drove
spoke
wrote
came
knew
took
went
gave
threw
got
26.4
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
begun
eaten
drunk
driven
spoken
written
come
known
taken
gone
given
thrown
gotten
slept
saw
rained
lo st. . . seen
stolen
went
finished
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
27.1
2. I’m going to take a bath.
3. I’m going to buy a car.
4. W e’re going to play soccer.
built
learned
ridden
known
fell . . . hurt
ran . . . run
25.4
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
told
won
met
woken up
swam
thought
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
3. I think we’ll win the game.
4. I don’t think I’ll be here
tomorrow.
5. I think Sue will like her
present.
6. I don’t think they’ll get married.
7. I don’t think you’ll like the
movie.
28.5
UNIT 27
25.3
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
28.4
Karen is getting
are going . . . are they going
ends
I’m not going
I’m going . . . W e’re meeting
are you getting . . . leaves
does the movie begin
are you doing . . . I’m working
spoken
cost
driven
sold
flew
27.2
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
’m /am going to walk
’s/is going to stay
’m /am going to eat
’re/are going to give
’s/is going to lie down
Are . . . going to watch
i s . . . going to do
27.3
2. The shelf is going to fall
(down).
3. The car is going to turn (left).
4. He’s / He is going to kick
the ball.
26.1
2. Richard is going to the movies.
3. Rachel is meeting Dave.
4. Karen is having lunch
with Ken.
5. Tom and Sue are going to
a party.
26.2
2. Are you working next week?
3. W hat are you doing
tomorrow night?
4. W hat time are your friends
coming?
5. When is Liz going on vacation?
26.3
Example answers:
3. I’m going away this weekend.
4. I’m playing basketball
tomorrow.
5. I’m meeting a friend tonight.
6. I’m going to the movies on
Thursday night.
282 ANSWER K EY TO EXERCISES
Example answers:
1. I’m going to call Maria tonight.
2. I’m going to get up early
tomorrow.
3. I’m going to buy some shoes
tomorrow.
UNIT 28
28.1
2. she’ll be
3. she was
4. she’ll be
are you doing
They’re leaving
will lend
I’m going
will call
He’s working
won’t take
are coming
UNIT 29
29.1
2. I’ll send
3. I’ll eat
4. I’ll sit
5. I’ll do
6. I’ll stay
7. I’ll show
29.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
I think I’ll have
I don’t think I’ll play
I think I’ll buy
I don’t think I’ll buy
29.3
27.4
UNIT 26
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
5. she’s
6. she was
7. she’ll be
28.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
I’ll do
I watch
I’ll go
is going to buy
I’ll give
Are you doing . . . I’m going
I’m working
9. I’ll buy
29.4
2.
3.
4.
5
g
b
e
i
6.
7.
8.
9.
a
h
c
f
Example answers:
2.
3.
4.
5.
I’ll be at home.
I’ll probably be in bed.
I’ll be at work.
I don’t know where I’ll be
28.3
2. ’ll/w ill
3. won’t
4. won’t
5. ’ll/w ill
6. ’ll/w ill
7. won’t
UNIT 30
30.1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I might see you tomorrow.
Sarah might forget to call.
It might snow today.
I might be late tonight.
Mark might not be here
next week.
7. I might not have time to go :.
312
- I might take a trip.
: I might see her on Monday.
- I might have fish.
I might take a taxi.
I might buy/get a new car.
313
: He might get up early.
- He isn’t/H e ’s not working
tomorrow.
: He might be at home
tomorrow morning.
He might watch television.
He’s going out in the
afternoon.
He might go shopping.
::.4
£ :mple answers:
I might read a newspaper.
. I might go out with some
friends at night.
I might have an egg for
breakfast.
„NIT 31
_________ ___
31.1
£ Can you ski?
Can you play chess?
4. Can you run 10 kilometers?
: Can you drive (a car)?
Can you ride (a horse)?
Esample answers:
I can/can’t swim.
* I can/can’t ski.
- I can/can’t play chess.
I can/can’t run 10
kilometers.
1. I can/can’t drive (a car).
1. I can/can’t ride (a horse).
31.2
2. can see
:. can’t hear
4 . can’t find
5. can speak
31.3
2. couldn’t eat
3. can’t decide
couldn’t find
5. can’t go
5. couldn’t go
31.4
2. Can/C ould you pass the salt
(please)?
3. Can/Could you turn down
the radio (please)?
4. Can/Could I have your phone
number (please)?
5. Can/Could I look at your
newspaper (please)? or
Can/C ould I have a look at
your newspaper (please)?
6. C an/C ould I use your pen
(please)?
UNIT 32
32.1
2. must
3. must
4. must
5. must
6. must
be
be
be
be
be
32.2
2. must
3. must
4. must
5. must
like
have
drink
work
hungry
good
very happy
for you
in the kitchen
33.4
3. I think you should sell it.
4. I think she should take a trip.
5. I don’t think they should get
married.
6. I don’t think you should go to
work.
7. I think he should go to the
doctor.
8. I don’t think we should stay
there.
33.5
UNIT 34
know
wear
get
take
be
34.1
2. have to take
3. has to read
4. have to speak
5. has to travel
6. have to hit
32.5
3. must
4. had to
5. mustn’t
6. must
7. mustn’t
8. had to
UNIT 33
2. Do you think I should learn
(to drive)?
3. Do you think I should get
another job?
4. Do you think I should invite
Gary (to the party)?
Example answers:
2. I think everybody should have
enough food.
3. I think people should drive
more carefully.
4. I don’t think the police should
carry guns.
5. I think I should get more
exercise.
32.3
3. must not
4. must
5. must not
6. must not
7. must
32.4
2. must
3. must
4. must
5. must
6. must
33.3
________
33.1
2. You should go
3. You should eat
4. you should visit
5. you should wear
6. You should read
33.2
2. He shouldn’t eat so much.
3. She shouldn’t work so hard.
4. He shouldn’t drive so fast.
34.2
2. have to go
3. had to buy
4. have to change
5. had to answer
6. have to wake
7. have to take
34.3
2. did he have to wait
3. does she have to go
4. did you have to pay
5. do you have to do
6. did they have to leave early
7. does he have to go to Moscow
34.4
2. doesn’t have to wait.
3. didn’t have to get up early.
4. doesn’t have to work (so) hard.
ANSWER K EY TO EXERCISES 283
5. don’t have to leave now.
6. didn’t have to tell me
something I already know
34.5
Example answers:
2 . I have to go to work every day.
3. I had to go to the dentist
yesterday.
4. I have to go shopping
tomorrow.
5. I had to take the bus to work
last week.
6. I had to go to bed at 9:00
when I was younger.
38.2
36.2
2. would you
dinner
3. would you
4. would you
5. would you
rather have/eat
rather have
rather watch
rather call him
35.1
2. Would you like an apple?
3. Would you like some coffee? /
. . . a cup of coffee?
4. Would you like some cheese? /
. .. a piece of cheese?
5. Would you like a sandwich?
6. Would you like some cake? /
. . . a piece of cake?
35.2
2. Would you like to play tennis
tomorrow?
3. Would you like to come to a
concert next week?
4. Would you like to borrow my
umbrella?
35.3
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Do you like
Would you like
would you like
Would you like
I like
would you like
Would you like
Do you like
I’d like
I’d like
do you like
UNIT 36
36.1
2. ’d rather read (would rather
read)
3. I’d rather have (I would rather
have)
4. I’d rather wait (I would rather
wait)
284 ANSWER K EY TO EXERCISES
3.
4.
5.
6.
There
There
There
There
36.3
38.3
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
take
to go
get/have/find
carry/do
see / call / talk to / speak
to . . . to send / to write
36.4
UNIT 35
Example answers:
2. I’d /I would rather be a
journalist / a school teacher.
3. I’d/1 would rather live in a
big city / in a small town.
4. I’d /I would rather have a
small house / a big house.
5. I’d /I would rather study
electronics/philosophy.
6. I’d /I would rather watch a
soccer game / a movie.
UNIT 37
37.1
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Don’t buy
Smile
Don’t sit
Have
Don’t forget
Sleep
Be . . . Don’t drop
37.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
let’s take the bus
let’s watch TV
let’s go to a restaurant
let’s wait a little
37.3
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
No,
No,
No,
No,
No,
No,
let’s not go out.
don’t close the window.
don’t call me (tonight).
let’s not wait for Andy.
don’t turn on the light.
let’s not take a taxi.
UNIT 38
38.1
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
There’s / There is a hospital.
There isn’t a swimming pool.
There are two movie theaters.
There isn’t a university.
There aren’t any big hotels.
is a university in . . .
are a lot of big shops.
isn’t an airport.
aren’t many factories.
There’s/There is
is there
There are
are there
There isn’t
Is there
Are there
There’s / There is . ,. . There
aren’t
38.4
2.-6.
There are eight planets in th;
solar system.
There are five players on a
basketball team.
There are twenty-six letters
in the English alphabet.
There are thirty days in
September.
There are fifty states in the
United States.
38.5
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
It’s
There’s
There’s . . . Is it
Is there . . . there’s
It’s
Is there
UNIT 39
39.1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
There
There
There
There
There
There
There
was a carpet
were three pictures
was a small table
were some flowers
were some books
was an armchair
was a sofa
39.2
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
There was
Was there
there weren’t
There wasn’t
Were there
There wasn’t
There was
there weren’t
1 There are
There was
- There’s/There is
: There’s been/T here has been
or There was
there was
there will be
• there were . . . there are
- There have been
there will be or there are
^NIT 4 0 _________
10.1
1 It’s cold.
It’s windy.
- It’s sunny/clear,
It’s a nice day.
It’s snowing.
^ It’s cloudy.
__
or
10.2
1 It’s / It is
3. Is it
i. is i t . . . it’s / it is
: It’s / It is
6. Is it
is it
■ It’s / It is
- It’s / It is
40.3
2. ’m not
3. weren’t
4. haven’t
3. doesn’t
4. do
5. did
6. does
7. don’t
8. didn’t
UNIT 43
Example answers:
2. I like sports, but my sister
doesn’t.
3. I don’t eat meat, but Jenny does.
4. I’m American, but my
husband isn’t.
5. I haven’t been to Japan, but
Jenny has.
41.5
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
wasn’t
is
does
can’t
did
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
has
do
hasn’t
will
might
41.6
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Yes, I do. or No, I don’t.
Yes, I do. or No, I don’t.
Yes, it is. or No, it isn’t.
Yes, I am. or No, I’m not.
Yes, I do. or No, I don’t.
Yes, I will, or No, I won’t.
Yes, I have, or No, I haven’t.
Yes, I did. or No, I didn’t.
Yes, I was. or No, I wasn’t.
40.4
42.1
2. You do?
3. You didn’t?
4. She doesn’t?
5. I do?
6. She did?
42.2
40.5
2. It’s nice to see you again
3. It’s impossible to work in this
office
4. It’s easy to make friends
5. It’s interesting to visit
different places
6. It’s dangerous to go out alone
UNIT 41
41.1
2. is
3. can
4. has
2.
3.
4.
5.
41.4
UNIT 42
6. it
7. I t . . . there
8. It
5. isn’t
6. hasn’t
41.3
2. How far is it from the hotel to
the beach?
3 How far is it from New York
to Washington?
How far is it from your house
to the airport?
3. It
4. I t . . . It
5. There
42.4
41.2
33.3
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
You have?
She can’t?
You were?
You didn’t?
There is?
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
You aren’t?
You did?
She does?
You won’t?
It isn’t?
42.3
2. aren’t they
3. wasn’t she
4. haven’t you
5. don’t you
6. doesn’t he
7. won’t you
are you
isn’t she
can’t you
do you
6.
7.
8.
9.
didn’t she
was it
doesn’t she
will you
43.1
2. either
3. too
4. too
5. either
6. either
7. too
43.2
2. So am I.
3. So have I.
4. So do I.
5. So will I.
6. So was I.
7. Neither can I.
8. Neither did I.
9. Neither have I.
10. Neither am I.
11. Neither do I.
43.3
1. So am I.
2. So can I. or I can’t.
3. Neither am I. or I am.
4. So do I. or I don’t.
5. Neither do I. or I do.
6. So did I. or I didn’t.
7. Neither have I. or I have.
8. Neither do I. or I do.
9. So am I. or I’m not.
10. Neither was I. or I was.
11. Neither did I. or I did.
12. So do I. or I don’t.
UNIT 44
__________________
44.1
2. They aren’t / They’re not
married.
3. I haven’t had dinner.
4. It isn’t cold today.
5. We won’t be late.
6. You shouldn’t go.
44.2
2. I don’t like cheese.
3. They didn’t understand.
4. He doesn’t live here.
5. Don’t go away!
6. I didn’t do the dishes.
5. will
6. was
ANSWER K EY TO EXERCISES 285
44.3
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
They haven’t arrived.
I didn’t go to the bank.
He doesn’t speak Japanese.
We weren’t angry.
He won’t be happy.
Don’t call me tonight.
It didn’t rain yesterday.
I couldn’t hear them.
I don’t believe you.
44.4
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
’m not / am not
can’t
doesn’t
isn’t / ’s not
don’t . . . haven’t
Don’t
didn’t
haven’t
won’t
didn’t
weren’t
hasn’t
shouldn’t
44.5
He wasn’t born in Los Angeles.
He doesn’t like Los Angeles.
He’d like to live someplace else.
He can drive.
He hasn’t traveled abroad.
He doesn’t read the newspaper.
He isn’t interested in politics.
He usually watches TV at
night.
11. He didn’t watch TV last night.
12. He went out last night.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
UNIT 45
45. 1
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Were you late this morning?
Has Kate seen that movie?
W ill you be here tomorrow?
Is Paul going out tonight?
Do you like your job?
Does Nicole live near here?
Did you enjoy the movie?
Did you have a good vacation?
45.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Do you use it a lot?
Did you use it yesterday?
Do you enjoy driving?
Are you a good driver?
Have you ever had an accident?
286 ANSWER K EY TO EXERCISES
45.3
3. W hat are the children doing?
4. How is cheese made?
5. Is your sister coming to the
party?
6. Why don’t you tell the truth?
7. Have your guests arrived yet?
8. W hat time does your plane
leave?
9. Why didn’t Jenny go to work?
10. Was your car damaged in the
accident?
45.4
3. W hat are you reading?
4. W hat time did she go to bed?
5. W hen are they going (on
vacation)?
6. Where did you see him?
7. Why can’t you come (to the
party)?
8. W here has she moved?
9. How much (money) do
you need?
10. Why doesn’t she like you?
11. How often does it rain?
12. W hen did you do it? / . . . the
shopping?
UNIT 46
46.1
2. W hat fell off the shelf?
3. Who wants to see me?
4. Who took your umbrella? /
Who took it?
5. W hat made you sick?
6. Who is / W ho’s coming?
46.2
3. Who did you call?
4. W hat happened last night?
5. Who knows the answer?
6. Who did the dishes?
7. W hat did Jane d o ? /W h a t
did she do?
8. W hat woke you up?
9. Who saw the accident?
10. Who did you see?
11. Who has your pen? / Who
has it?
12. W hat does this word mean? /
W hat does it mean?
46.3
2. W ho called you? W hat did
she want?
3. W ho did you ask? W hat did
he say?
4. Who got married? Who told
you?
5. Who did you meet? W hat did
she tell you?
6. Who won? W hat did you do
(after the game)?
7. Who gave you a/the book?
W hat did Catherine give you:
UNIT 47
47.1
2. W hat are you looking for?
3. W ho did you go to the movie
with?
4. W hat/W ho was the movie
about?
5. Who did you give the money
to?
6. Who was the book written by?
47.2
2. W hat are they looking at?
3. Which restaurant is he going
to?
4. W hat are they talking about?
5. W hat is she listening to?
6. W hich bus are they waiting
for?
47.3
2. Which hotel did you stay at?
3. W hich team does he belong
to / play for?
4. Which school did you go to?
47.4
2. W hat is the food like?
3. W hat are the people like?
4. W hat is the weather like?
47.5
2. W hat was the movie like?
3. W hat were the classes like?
4. W hat was the hotel like?
UNIT 48_______________________
48.1
3. W hat color is it?
4. W hat time did you get up?
5. W hat type of music do you
like?
6. W hat kind of car do you wan
(to buy)?
48.2
2. W hich coat
3. Which movie/film
4. Which bus
±3.3
Which
- What
5 What
Which
13.4
1 How
How
- How
: How
How
7.
8.
9.
10.
Which
Who
W hat
Which
far
old
often
deep
long
13.5
2 How heavy is this box?
How old are you?
- How much did you spend?
: How often do you watch TV?
How far is it from New York
to Los Angeles?
-NIT 49________________________
±9.1
1 How long does it take to get
Irom Houston to Mexico City
by car?
How long does it take to
get from Tokyo to Kyoto
by train?
- How long does it take to get
from Kennedy Airport to
Manhattan by bus?
19.2
Example answers:
2 It takes ... hours to fly from ...
to Australia.
:. It takes . . . years to become a
doctor in . . . .
-. It takes . . . to walk from
my home to the nearest
supermarket.
5. It takes . . . to get from my
house to the nearest airport.
19.3
2. How long did it take you to
walk to the station?
How long did it take him to
paint the bathroom?
1. How long did it take you to
learn to ski?
r . How long did it take them to
repair the computer?
19.4
2. It took us 20 minutes to walk
home. / . . . to get home.
3. It took me six months to learn
to drive.
4. It took M ark/him three hours
to drive to Houston. / . . . to
get to Houston.
5. It took Lisa/her a long time
to find a job. / . . . to get a job.
6. It took me . . . to . . .
UNIT 50
___________ __
50.1
2. I don’t know
3. I don’t know
4. I don’t know
here.
5. I don’t know
angry.
6. I don’t know
lived here.
where she is.
how old it is.
when he’ll be
why he was
2. Do you know what time the
bus leaves?
3. Excuse me, can you tell me
where the station is?
4. I don’t know what I’m going
to do tonight.
5. Do you know if there’s a
restaurant near here?
6. Do you know how much it
costs to rent a car?
UNIT 51
51.1
how long she has
50.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
where Susan works
what Peter said
why he went home early
what time the meeting
begins
6. how the accident happened
50.3
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
50.6
Example answers:
are you
they are
the museum is
do you want
elephants eat
it is
50.4
2. Do you know if/whether they
are married?
3. Do you know if/whether Sue
knows Bill?
4. Do you know if/whether
Gary will be here tomorrow?
5. Do you know if/whether he
passed his exam?
50.5
2. Do you know where Paula is?
3. Do you know if/whether she
is working today? / . . . she’s
working today?
4. Do you know what time she
starts work?
5. Do you know if/whether the
banks are open tomorrow?
6. Do you know where Sarah
and Tim live?
7. Do you know if/whether they
went to Jane’s party?
2. She said (that) she was very
busy.
3. She said (that) she couldn’t go
to the party.
4. He said (that) he had to
go out.
5. He said (that) he was learning
Russian.
6. She said (that) she didn’t feel
very well.
7. They said (that) they would be
home late. / . . . they’d be . . .
8. She said (that) she had just
gotten back from vacation. /
. . . she’d just gotten back . . .
9. She said (that) she was going
to buy a new computer.
10. They said (that) they didn’t
have a key.
51.2
2. She said (that) she wasn’t
hungry.
3. He said (that) he needed it.
4. She said (that) she didn’t want
to go.
5. She said (that) I could have it.
6. He said (that) he would send
me a postcard. / . . . he’d
send . . .
7. Linda said (that) he had gone
home. / . . . he’d gone home.
8. He said (that) he wanted to
watch TV.
9. She said (that) she was going
to the movies.
51.3
3.
4.
5.
6.
said
told
tell
say
7.
8.
9.
10.
said
told
tell
say
ANSWER K EY TO EXERCISES 287
UNIT 52
52.1
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
call
call Paul
to call Paul
to call Paul
call Paul
to call Paul
call Paul
call Paul
2.-4.
I went to a coffee shop to
meet a friend.
I went to the drugstore to get
some medicine.
I went to the supermarket to
buy some food.
going / to go to museums
to go
writing / to write e-mails
to go (there)
traveling by train
walking
Example answers:
1. I enjoy cooking.
2. I don’t like driving / to drive.
3. If it’s a nice day tomorrow, I’d
like to have a picnic by the lake.
4. W hen I’m on vacation, I like
to do very little.
5. I don’t mind traveling alone,
but I prefer to travel with
somebody.
6. I wouldn’t like to live in a
big city.
get
going
watch
flying
listening
eat
waiting
wear
doing . . . staying
to go
rain
to leave
help
studying
to go
wearing
to stay
53.3
53.4
52.3
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
UNIT 55_______________________
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
52.2
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
9. watching / to watch
10. to wait
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
taking
to have
hear
go
listening
to make
to be . .. take
use
__________ ___
54.1
UNIT 53
53.1
54.2
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
2. A woman told me to turn left
after the bridge.
3. I advised him to go to the
doctor.
4. She asked me to help her.
5. I told him to come back in 10
minutes.
6. Paul let me use his phone.
7. I told her not to call before 8:00.
8. Ann’s mother taught her to
play the piano.
53.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
to help
to see
reading
to lose
to send
raining
to go
288 ANSWER K EY TO EXERCISES
55.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
to
to
to
to
to
read the newspaper
open this door
get some fresh air
wake him up
see who it was
55.3
Example answers:
2. to talk to you now
3. to tell her about the party
4. to do some shopping
5. to buy a car
55.4
UNIT 54
2. I want you to listen carefully.
3. I don’t want you to be angry.
4. Do you want me to wait for
you?
5. I don’t want you to call me
tonight.
6. I want you to meet Sarah.
to see
to swim
cleaning
to ask
visiting
going
to be
waiting
to do
to speak
to go
crying / to cry
to work . . . talking
55.1
54.3
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
to repeat
wait
to arrive
to get
go
borrow
to tell
to make (or to get)
think
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
to
to
for
to
for
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
to
to
for
for
to . . . for
55.5
2. for the movie to begin
3. for it to arrive
4. for you to tell me
UNIT 56
56.1
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
to
to
- (no preposition)
for
to
on . . . to
for
on
to
- (no preposition)
on
for
on
56.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
went fishing
goes swimming
going skiing
go shopping
went jogging/running
56.3
I to college
3. shopping
to bed
5. home
j. skiing
7. riding
'. for a walk
9. on vacation . . . to Hawaii
JNIT 57________________________
57.1
2. get your jacket
3. get a doctor
- get another one
5. gets the job
5. get some milk
7. get a ticket
3. gets a good salary
9. get a lot of rain
: ). get a#mew computer
57.2
2. getting dark
3. getting married
getting ready
5. getting late
2. They’re/They are doing
(their) homework.
3. He’s/H e is doing the
shopping or He is
shopping.
4. They’re/They are doing
(their) laundry.
5. She’s/She is making a phone
call.
6. He’s/H e is making the/his
bed.
7. She’s/She is doing/washing
the dishes.
8. He’s/H e is making a
(shopping) list.
9. They’re/They are making
a movie.
10. He’s/H e is taking a picture/
photograph.
58.3
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
make
do
done
made
did
do
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
make
do
making
made
make . . . do
UNIT 59
57.3
2. get wet
3. got married
4. gets angry
5. got lost
5. get old
7. got better
59.1
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
57.4
2. got to New York at 12:00.
3. I left the party at 11:15 and
got home at midnight.
4. (Example answer) I left home at
8:30 and got to the airport at
10:00 .
57.5
2. got off
3. got out of
4. got on
He doesn’t have / He hasn’t got
Gary had
Do you have / Have you got
we didn’t have
She doesn’t have / She hasn’t
got
8. Did you have
59.2
2. She’s/She is having a cup
of tea.
3. He’s/H e is having breakfast.
4. They’re/They are having fun.
5. They’re/They are having
dinner.
6. They’re having an argument.
59.3
UNIT 58
58.1
2. do
3. make
4. made
5. did
6. do
58.2
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
done
make
making
do
doing
3. Have a good/great trip!
4. Did you have a nice/good
weekend?
5. Did you have a nice/good
vacation?
6. Have a great/good time! or
Have fun!
7. Are you going to have a
(birthday) party?
59.4
2. have something to eat
3. had a glass of water
4. had a bad dream
5. had an accident
6. have a baby
___________
UNIT 60
60.1
2. him
3. them
4. her
5. him
6. them
7. her
60.2
2. I . .. them
3. he . . . her
4. they . . . us
5. we . . . him
6. she . . . them
7. they . . . me
8. she . .. you
60.3
2. him
3. like it
4. you like it
5. don’t like her
6. Do you like them?
60.4
2. him
3. them
4. they
5. us
6. it
7. She
60.5
2. Can
3. Can
4. Can
5. Can
6. Can
you
you
you
you
you
8. them
9. me
10. her
11. them
12. he . . . it
give
give
give
give
give
it to him?
them to her?
it to me?
it to them?
them to us?
UNIT 61__________________________
61.1
2. her
3. our hands
4. his hands
5. their hands
6. your hands
61.2
2. They live with their parents.
3. We live with our parents.
4. Jane lives with her parents.
5. I live with my parents.
6. John lives with his parents.
7. Do you live with your parents?
8. Most children live with their
parents.
ANSWER K EY TO EXERCISES 289
61.3
2.
3.
4.
5.
their
his
his
her
UNIT 63
6. their
7. her
8. their
61.4
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
his
Their
our
her
my
your
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
her
their
my
Its
His . . . his
61.5
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
my key
Her husband
your coat
their homework
his name
Our house
UNIT 62
62.1
2.
3.
4.
5.
mine
ours
hers
theirs
6. yours
7. mine
8. his
62.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
yours
my . . . Mine
Yours . . . mine
her
My . . . hers
their
Ours
62.3
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
friend of hers
friends of ours
friend of mine
friend of his
friends of yours
62.4
2. Whose camera is this?
It’s hers.
3. Whose gloves are these?
They’re mine.
4. Whose hat is this?
It’s his.
5. Whose money is this?
It’s yours.
6. Whose books are these?
They’re ours.
290 ANSWER K EY TO EXERCISES
63.1
2. Yes, I know her, but I can’t
remember her name.
3. Yes, I know them, but I can’t
remember their names.
4 . Yes, I know you, but I can’t
remem ber your name.
63.2
2. He invited us to stay with
him at his house.
3. They invited me to stay with
them at their house.
4. I invited them to stay with
me at my house.
5. She invited us to stay w ith
her at her house.
6. Did you invite him to stay
w ith you at your house?
63.3
2. I gave her my address, and she
gave me hers.
3. He gave me his address, and I
gave him mine.
4 . We gave them our address,
and they gave us theirs.
5. She gave him her address, and
he gave her his.
6. You gave us your address,
and we gave you ours.
7. They gave you their address,
and you gave them yours.
2.
3.
4.
5.
They can’t see each other.
They call each other a lot.
They don’t know each other.
They’re / They are sitting
next to each other.
6. They gave each other presents
a present.
64.4
3.
4.
5.
6.
each other
yourselves
us
ourselves
7.
8.
9.
10.
each other
each other
them
themselves
UNIT 65
65.1
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Blanca is Pedro’s wife.
Alberto is Julia’s brother.
Alberto is D an iel’s uncle.
Julia is Paul’s wife.
Blanca is Daniel’s
grandmother.
Julia is Alberto’s sister.
Paul is Julia’s husband.
Paul is Daniel’s father.
Daniel is A lberto’s nephev
65.2
5. Diane’s
6. Alice’s
65.3
UNIT 6 4
64.1
myself
herself
themselves
myself
64.3
2. Andy’s
3. Dave’s
4. Jane’s
63.4
2. them
3. him
4 . our
5. yours
6. us
7. her
8. their
9. mine
2.
3.
4.
5.
5. My sister lives by herself.
6. Many people live by
themselves.
6. himself
7. yourself
8. yourselves
64.2
2. W hen I saw him, he was by
him self.
3. Don’t go out by yourself.
4. I went to the m ovies by
myself.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
OK
Simon’s phone number
My brother’s job
OK
OK
Paula’s favorite color
your m other’s birthday
My parents’ house
OK
OK
Sylvia’s party
OK
UNIT 66
66.1
2. a
3. a
4. an
5. a
6. an
7. a
8. an
9. an
56.2
a vegetable
a game
a tool
a mountain
a planet
a fruit
a river
a flower
10. a musical instrument
66.3
2. He’s a sales clerk.
3. She’s an architect.
4. He’s a taxi driver.
5. He’s an electrician.
6. She’s a photographer.
7. She’s a nurse.
8. I’m a/an . . .
66.4
2.-8. *
Tom never wears a hat.
I can’t ride a bicycle.
My brother is an artist.
Rebecca works in an
office.
Jane wants to learn a
foreign language.
Mike lives in an old
house.
Tonight I’m going to
a party.
UNIT 67
67.1
2. boats
3. women
4. cities
5. umbrellas
6. addresses
7. knives
8. sandwiches
9. families
10. feet
11. holidays
12. potatoes
67.2
2. teeth
3. people
4. children
5. fish
6. leaves
67.3
3. ... with a lot of beautiful trees.
4. . . . with two men.
5. OK
6. . . . three children.
7. Most of my friends are
students.
8. He put on his pajamas . ..
9. OK
10. Do you know many people ...
11. I like your pants. W here did
you get them?
12. . . . full of tourists.
13. OK
14. These scissors aren’t . . .
67.4
2. are
3. don’t
4. watch
5. were
6. live
7.
8.
9.
10.
Do
are
them
some
UNIT 68
68.1
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
a pitcher
water
toothpaste
a toothbrush
an egg
money
a wallet
sand
a bucket
an envelope
68.2
3. . . . a hat.
4. . . . ajob?
5. OK
6. . . . an apple . . .
7. . . . a party . . .
8. . . . a wonderful thing.
9. . . . an island.
10. . . . a key.
11. OK
12. . . . a good idea.
13. . . . a car?
14. . . . a cup of coffee?
15. OK
16. . . . a coat.
68.3
2. a piece of wood
3. a glass of water
4. a bar of soap
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
a cup of tea
a piece of paper
a bowl of soup
a loaf of bread
ajar of honey
UNIT 69
69.1
2. I bought a newspaper (or a
paper), some flowers (or a
bunch of flowers), and a pen.
3. I bought some stamps, some
postcards, and some bread
(or a loaf of bread).
4. I bought some toothpaste,
some soap (or a bar of soap),
and a comb.
69.2
2. Would you like some coffee?
(or . . . a cup of coffee?)
3. Would you like some
cookies? (or. . . a cookie?)
4. Would you like some bread?
(or. . . a piece of bread? / a
slice of bread?)
5. Would you like a sandwich?
6. Would you like some cake?
(or . . . a piece of cake? / a
slice of cake?)
69.3
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
some . . . some
some
a . . . some
an . . . some
a . . . a . . . some
some
some
some . . . a
69.4
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
eyes
hair
information
chairs
furniture
job
wonderful weather
UNIT 70______________________
70.1
3. a
4. the
5. an
6. the . . . the
7. a . . . a
8. a . . . a
ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES 291
9.
. . . a student. . . a journalist
. . . an apartment near the
college . . . The apartment
is . . .
10. . . . two children, a boy and a
girl. The boy is seven years
old, and the girl is three . . .
in a factory . . . doesn’t have a
job . . .
70.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
the airport
a cup
a nice picture
the dictionary
the floor
70.3
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
. . . send me a postcard.
W hat is the name o f . . .
. . . a very big country.
W hat is the largest. . .
. . . the color of the carpet.
. . . a headache.
. . . an old house near the
station.
9. . . . the name of the director
of the movie . . .
5. the ocean
6. the bottom
71.4
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
the name
The sky
television
The police
the capital
lunch
the middle
UNIT 72_______________________
72.1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
the movies
the hospital
the airport
home
jail/prison
72.2
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
school
the station
home
bed
the post office
72.3
UNIT 71_______________________
71.1
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
. . . the second floor.
. . . the moon?
. . . the best hotel in this town?
OK
. . . the football stadium.
. . . the end of May.
OK
. . . the first time I met her.
OK
The Internet is a good place
to get information.
13. OK
14. . . . on the top shelf on the
right.
15. . . . in the country about 10
miles from the nearest town.
71.2
2. the same time
3. the same age
4. the same color
5. the same problem
71.3
2. th e guitar
3. breakfast
4. television/TV
292 ANSWER K EY TO EXERCISES
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
the movies
go to bed
go to jail/prison
go to the dentist
go to college
go to the hospital / are taken
to the hospital
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
I love big cities.
Tennis is all right.
I love chocolate.
I don’t like computer games.
I hate parties.
73.2
Example answers:
2.
3.
4.
5.
I’m not interested in politics.
I know a lot about sports.
I don’t know much about art.
I don’t know anything about
astronomy.
6. I know a little about economics
73.3
3. friends
4. parties
5. The stores
6. the milk
7. milk
8. basketball
9. computers
10. The water
11. cold water
12. the salt
13. the people
14. Vegetables
15. The houses
16. the words
17. pictures
18. the pictures
19. English . . . international
business
20. Money . . . happiness
72.4
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
the doctor
OK
OK
OK
the bank
OK
OK
OK
the station
OK
the hospital
OK
the theater
UNIT 73____________
73.1
Example answers:
2. I don’t like dogs.
3. I hate museums.
UNIT 74
______________
74.1
3. Sweden
4. The Amazon
5. Asia
6. The Pacific
7. The Rhine
8. Kenya
9. The United States
10. The Andes
11. Bangkok
12. The Alps
13. The Red Sea
14. Jamaica
15. The Bahamas
74.2
3. OK
4. the Philippines
5. the south of France
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
the Washington Monument
OK
the Museum of Art
OK
Belgium is smaller than the
Netherlands.
the Mississippi. . . the Nile
the National Gallery
the Park Hotel near Central
Park
OK
The Rocky Mountains are in
North America.
OK
the United Kingdom
the west of Ireland
the University of Michigan
The Panama Canal joins
the Atlantic Ocean and the
Pacific Ocean.
UNIT 75
75.1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
that house
these postcards
those birds
this seat
These plates
75.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Is that your umbrella?
Is this your book?
Are those your books?
Is that your bicycle/bike?
Are these your keys?
Are those your keys?
Is this your watch?
Are those your glasses?
Are these your gloves?
75.3
2.
3.
4.
5.
that’s
This is
T hat’s
that
UNIT 76
6. this is
7. T hat’s
8. that’s
____________ _________
76.1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I don’t need one
I’m going to get one
I don’t have one
Iju sth a d o n e
there’s one on First Avenue
76.2
2. a new one
3. a better one
4. an old one
5. a big one
6. a different one
76.3
2. W hich ones?
The green ones.
3. W hich one?
The one with a/the red door.
4. W hich ones?
The ones on the top shelf.
5. W hich one?
The black one.
6. W hich one?
The one on the wall.
7. W hich one?
The tall one with long hair.
8. W hich ones?
The yellow ones.
9. W hich one?
The one with a/the mustache
and glasses.
10. W hich ones?
The ones I took at the party
last week.
UNIT 77________________________
77.1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
some
any
any
any
some
any
some
some
any . . . any
some . . . any
some
77.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
some questions
any pictures,
any foreign languages
some friends
some milk
any batteries
some fresh air
some fruit
any help
77.3
3. I’ve got some / I have some
4. I don’t have any
5. I didn’t buy any
6. I bought some
7. I didn’t make any
77.4
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
something
anything
anything
Somebody/Someone
anything
anybody/anyone
something
anything
anybody/anyone
UNIT 78
78.1
2.
3.
4.
6.
There are no stores near here.
Carla has no free time.
There is no light in this room.
There isn’t any milk in the
fridge.
7. There aren’t any buses today.
8. Tom doesn’t have any
brothers or sisters.
78.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
any
any
no
any
no
any
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
no
any
no
None
any
78.3
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
no money
any questions
no friends
no difference
any furniture
no answer
any air conditioning
no line
78.4
Example answers:
2.
3.
4.
5.
Three.
Two cups.
None.
None.
UNIT 79________________________
79.1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
There’s nobody in the office.
I have nothing to do.
There’s nothing on TV.
There was no one at home.
We found nothing.
ANSWER K EY TO EXERCISES 293
79.2
2. There wasn’t anybody on
the bus.
3. I don’t have anything to read.
4. I don’t have anyone to
help me.
5. She didn’t hear anything.
6. We don’t have anything
for dinner.
79.3
3a.
4a.
5a.
6a.
7a.
8a.
3b.
4b.
5b.
6b.
7b.
8b.
Nothing.
Nobody./No one.
Nobody./No one.
Nothing.
Nothing.
Nobody./No one.
I don’t want anything.
I didn’t meet anybody/
anyone.
Nobody/No one knows the
answer.
I didn’t buy anything.
Nothing happened.
Nobody/No one was late.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
anything
anything
somebody/someone
something
anybody/anyone . .. nobody/
no one
anything
Nobody/No one
anybody/anyone
Nothing
anywhere
somewhere
anything
anybody/anyone
80.4
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
anything to eat
nothing to do
anywhere to sit
something to drink
nowhere to park
something to read
somewhere to stay
79.4
UNIT 81
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
81.1
anything
Nobody/No one
Nothing
anything
anybody/anyone
nothing
anything
anything
nobody / no one
anything
Nothing
Nobody/No one . . . anybody/
anyone
UNIT 80__________________________
80.1
2. something
3. somewhere
4. somebody/someone
80.2
2a.
3a.
4a.
2b.
3b.
4b.
Nowhere.
Nothing.
Nobody./No one.
I’m not going anywhere.
I don’t want anything.
I’m not looking for anybody/
anyone.
82.1
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Some
Most of
most
any of
all or all of
None of
any of
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
All of them.
Some of them.
None of them.
Most of them.
None of it.
82.3
3. Some people . . .
4. Some of the questions . . . or
Some questions . . .
5. OK
6. All insects . . .
7. OK (or . . . all o f these books)
8. Most of the students . . . or
Most students. . .
9.
3. e v e ry tim e
10. Most
11. most of
12. Some
13. All or
All of
14- some of
15- most of
82.2
OK
10. . . . m o s t o f
2. E v e ry day
the n ig h t
UNIT 83
4. E v e ry ro o m
83.1
5. e v e ry w o rd
3. B o th
81.2
9. N e ith e r
4. N e ith e r
10. e ith e r o f
2. e v e ry day
5. all day
5. N e ith e r
11. B o th
3. all day
6. all day
6. b o th
12. n e ith e r o f
4. e v e ry day
7. e v ery day
7. E ith e r
13. B o th
8. n e ith e r o f
14. e ith e r o f
81.3
2. e v e ry
6. all
3. all
7. ev e ry
2. B o th w in d o w s are o p e n .
4. all
8. all
5. E v e ry
9. ev e ry
3. N e ith e r m a n is w e a rin g a
h a t. or N e ith e r o f th e m is
w e a rin g
83.2
B 1.4
z.
4. B o th m e n h av e (got) b eard s.
or B o th o f th e m have . . .
e v e ry th in g
3. E v e ry b o d y /E v e ry o n e
4. e v e ry th in g
5. e v e ry w h e re
6. E v e ry b o d y /E v e ry o n e
5. B o th b u ses go to th e a irp o rt.
or . . . are g o in g to th e
a ir p o rt.
6. N e ith e r a n sw e r is rig h t.
7. e v e ry w h e re
8. E v e ry th in g
3. B o th o f th e m are stu d e n ts.
4. N e ith e r o f th e m has a car.
81 .5
2. is
6. w as
3. has
7. m a k e s
5. B o th o f th e m live in
B o sto n .
4. lik es
8. Is . . . D o e s
6. B o th o f th e m lik e to co o k .
5. has
294 ANSWER K EY TO EXERCISES
UNIT 82
80.3
or
is
7. Neither of them can play
the piano.
8. Both of them read the
newspaper.
9. Neither of them is interested
in sports.
UNIT 84
84.1
2. many
3. much
4. many
5. many
6. much
7. much
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
many
How many
How much
How much
How many
84.2
2. much time
3. many countries
4. many people
5. much luggage
6. many times
84.3
2. a lot
3. a lot
4. a lot
5. a lot
of interesting things
of accidents
of fun
of traffic
84.4
3. a lot of snow
4. OK
5. a lot of money
6. OK
7. OK
8. a lot
84.5
3. She plays tennis a lot.
4. He doesn’t use his car much.
(or. . . a lot.)
5. He doesn’t go out much.
(or. . . a lot.)
6. She travels a lot.
UNIT 85
85.1
2. a few
3. a little
4. a few
5. a little
6. a few
85.2
2. a little milk
3. A few days
4. a little Russian
5.
6.
7.
8.
a few friends
a few times
a few chairs
a little fresh air
85.3
2. very little coffee
3. very little rain
4. very few hotels
5. very little time
6. Very few people
7. very little work
85.4
2. A few
3. a little
4. little
5. few
6. a little
7. little
85.5
2. . . . a little luck
3. . . . a few things
4. OK
5. . . . a few questions
6. . . . few people
7. OK
UNIT 86__________________
UNIT 87_________ __
87.1
2. badly
3. quietly
4. angrily
5. fast
6. dangerously
87.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
work hard
sleep well
win easily
Think carefully
know her very well
explain things clearly/well
Come quickly
87.3
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
angry
slowly
slow
careful
hard
suddenly
8. quiet
9. badly
10. nice (See
Unit 86C.)
11. quickly
87.4
2. well
3. good
4. well
5. well
6. good . . . good
86.1
2.
3.
4.
5.
I like that green jacket.
Do you like classical music?
I had a wonderful trip.
We went to a Japanese
restaurant.
86.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
dark clouds
long vacation
hot water
fresh air
sharp knife
dangerous job
86.3
2. It looks new.
3. I feel sick.
4. You look surprised.
5. They smell nice.
6. It tastes terrible.
86.4
2. It doesn’t look new.
3. You don’t sound American.
4. I don’t feel cold.
5. They don’t look heavy.
6. Maybe, but it doesn’t taste
good.
UNIT 88
88.1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
bigger
slower
more expensive
higher
more dangerous
88.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
stronger
happier
more modern
more important
better
larger
more serious
prettier
more crowded
88.3
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
hotter/warm er
more expensive
worse
farther
more difficult or harder
ANSWER K EY TO EXERCISES 295
88.4
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
taller
harder
more comfortable
better
nicer
heavier
more interested
warmer
better
bigger
more beautiful
sharper
more polite
worse
UNIT 8 9
_____________
89.1
3. Liz is taller than Ben.
4. Liz starts work earlier
than Ben.
5. Ben works harder than Liz.
6. Ben has more money than
Liz.
7. Liz is a better driver than
Ben.
8. Ben is more patient than Liz.
9. Ben is a better dancer than
Liz. / Ben dances better than
Liz.
10. Liz is more intelligent than
Ben.
11. Liz speaks Spanish better
than Ben. / Liz speaks better
Spanish than Ben. / Liz’s
Spanish is better than Ben’s.
12. Ben goes to the movies more
than Liz. / .. . more often
than Liz.
89.2
2. You’re older than her. /
. . . than she is.
3. You work harder than me. /
. . . than I do.
4. You watch TV more than
him. / . . . than he does.
5. You’re a better cook than me. /
. . . than I am. or You cook
better than me. / . . . than I do.
6. You know more people than
us. / . . . than we do.
7. You have more money than
them. / . . . than they do.
8. You can run faster than me. /
. . . than I can.
296 ANSWER K EY TO EXERCISES
9. You’ve been here longer than
her. / . . . than she has.
10. You got up earlier than them. /
. . . than they did.
11. You were more surprised than
him. / . . . than he was.
89.3
2. Jack’s mother is much
younger than his father.
3. My camera cost a little more
than yours. / . . . than your
camera, or My camera was a
little more expensive than . ..
4. I feel much better today than
yesterday. / . . . than I did
yesterday. / . . . than I felt
yesterday.
5. It’s a little warmer today than
yesterday. / . .. than it was
yesterday.
6. Sarah is a much better
volleyball player than me /
. . . than I am. or Sarah is
much better at volleyball than
me / . . . than I am. or
Sarah plays volleyball much
better than me / . . . than I do.
UNIT 90
90.1
2. A is longer than B, but not as
long as C.
3. C is heavier than A, but not as
heavy as B.
4. A is older than C, but not as
old as B.
5. B has more money than C, but
not as much as A. or
. .. but less (money) than A.
6. C works harder than A, but
not as hard as B.
90.2
2. Your room isn’t as big as
mine. / . . . as my room.
3. I didn’t get up as early as you. /
. . . as you did.
4. They didn’t play as well as us. /
. . . as we did.
5. You haven’t been here as long
as me. / . . . as I have.
6. He isn’t as nervous as her. /
. . . as she is.
90.3
2.
3.
4.
5.
as
than
than
as
6. than
7. as
8. than
90.4
2. Julia lives on the same street
as Laura.
3. Julia got up at the same time
as Andy.
4. Andy’s car is the same color
as Laura’s.
UNIT 91________________ ______
91.1
2. C is longer than A.
D is the longest.
B is the shortest.
3. D is younger than C.
C is the oldest.
B is the youngest.
4. D is more expensive than A.
C is the most expensive.
A is the cheapest.
5. A is better than C.
A is the best.
D is the worst.
91.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
the
the
the
the
the
the
the
happiest day
best movie
most popular singer
worst mistake
prettiest city
coldest day
most boring person
91.3
2. Everest is the highest
mountain in the world.
3.-6.
Brazil is the largest country in
South America.
Alaska is the largest state in
the United States.
The Nile is the longest river
in Africa. / . . . in the world.
Jupiter is the largest planet in
the solar system.
UNIT 92________________________
92.1
2. enough chairs
3. enough paint
4. enough wind
92.2
2. The car isn’t big enough.
3. His legs aren’t long enough.
4. He isn’t strong enough.
UNIT 94
92.3
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
old enough
enough time
big enough
eat enough
enough space
tired enough
practice enough
92.4
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
sharp enough to cut
warm enough to go
enough bread to make
well enough to win
enough time to read
UNIT 93
93.1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
too
too
too
too
too
heavy
low
fast
big
crowded
93.2
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
enough
too many
too
enough
too much
enough
too
too many
too much
93.3
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
It’s too far.
It’s too expensive.
It isn’t / i t ’s not big enough.
It was too difficult.
It isn’t / i t ’s not good enough.
I’m too busy.
It was too long.
93.4
2. It’s too early to go to bed.
3. They’re too young to get
married.
4. It’s too dangerous to go out
at night.
5. It’s too late to call Sue (now).
6. I was too surprised to say
anything.
94.1
3. I like this picture very much.
4. Tom started his new job last
week.
5. OK
6. Jane bought a present for her
friend, or Jane bought her
friend a present.
7. I drink three cups of coffee
every day.
8. OK
9. I borrowed 50 dollars from
my brother.
12. I left my umbrella in the
restaurant last night.
13. Are you going to the movies
tomorrow night?
14. I took the children to school
this morning.
UNIT 95________________________
95.1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
94.2
2. I bought a new computer
last week.
3. Paul finished his work
quickly.
Emily
doesn’t speak French
4.
very well.
5. I did a lot of shopping
yesterday.
6. Do you know New York well?
7. We enjoyed the party very
much.
8. I explained the problem
carefully.
9. We met some friends at the
airport.
10. Did you buy that jacket in
Canada?
11. We do the same thing every
day.
12. I don’t like football very much.
94.3
2. I arrived at the hotel early.
3. Julia goes to Puerto Rico
every year.
4. We have lived here since 2002.
5. Sue was born in Florida in
1984.
6. Paul didn’t go to work
yesterday.
7. Helen went to a wedding last
weekend.
8. I had my breakfast in bed this
morning.
9. Barbara is going to college in
September.
10. I saw a beautiful bird in the
garden this morning.
11. My parents have been to
Tokyo many times.
He always gets up early.
He’s/H e is never late for work.
He sometimes gets angry.
He rarely goes swimming.
He’s/H e is usually at home in
the evenings.
95.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Susan is always polite.
I usually finish work at 5:00.
Sarah has just started a new job.
I rarely go to bed before
midnight.
The bus isn’t usually late.
I don’t often eat fish.
I will never forget what you
said.
Have you ever lost your
passport?
Do you still work in the same
place?
They always stay at the same
hotel.
Jane doesn’t usually work on
Saturdays.
Is Tina already here?
W hat do you usually have for
breakfast?
I can never remember his
name.
95.3
2. Yes, and I also speak French.
3. Yes, and I’m also hungry.
4. Yes, and I’ve also been to
Guatemala.
5. Yes, and I also bought some
books.
95.4
1. They both play soccer.
They’re / They are both
students.
They’ve both got cars. / They
both have cars.
2. They’re / They are all
married.
They were all born in
Venezuela.
They all live in Miami.
ANSWER K EY TO EXERCISES 297
U N IT 96
__________
96.1
2. Do you still have an old car?
3. Are you still a student?
4. Are you still studying
Japanese?
5. Do you still go to the movies
a lot?
6. Do you still want to be a
teacher?
96.2
2. He was looking for a job.
He’s/H e is still looking (for
a job).
He hasn’t found a job yet.
3. She was asleep.
She’s / She is still asleep.
She hasn’t woken up yet. /
She isn’t awake yet. or
She hasn’t gotten up yet. /
She isn’t up yet.
4. They were having dinner. /
They were eating (dinner).
They’re / They are still
having dinner. / . .. still
eating (dinner).
They haven’t finished (dinner)
yet. / They haven’t finished
eating (dinner) yet.
96.3
2. Is Helen here yet? or Has
Helen arrived/come yet?
3. Have you gotten the results of
your blood test yet? /
Have you received the . . . /
Do you have the . . .
4. Have you decided where to go
(for vacation) yet? / Do you
know where you’re going (for
vacation) yet?
96.4
3. She’s/She has already gone/
left.
4. I already have one. / I’ve
already got one.
5. I’ve/I have already paid it.
or I already paid it.
6. No, he already knows.
UNIT 97
97.1
2. He
3. He
4. He
5. He
6. He
gave
gave
gave
gave
gave
__________ __
it to Gary.
them to Sarah.
it to his sister.
them to Robert.
it to a neighbor.
298 ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
97.2
2. I gave Joanna a plant.
3. I gave Richard a tie.
4. I gave Emma some chocolates /
a box of chocolates.
5. I gave Rachel some flowers /
a bouquet of flowers.
6. I gave Kevin a pen.
97.3
2. Can you lend me an
umbrella?
3. Can you give me your
address?
4. Can you lend me 20 dollars?
5. Can you send me some
information?
6. Can you show me the letter?
7. Can you get me some
stamps?
97.4
2. lend you some money
3. send the letter to me
4. buy you a present
5. pass me the sugar
6. give it to her
7. showed the police officer my
driver’s license
UNIT 98
98.1
3.-7.
I went to the window and (I)
looked out.
I wanted to call you, but I didn’t
have your number.
I jumped into the river and (I)
swam to the other side.
I usually drive to work, but
I went by bus this morning.
Do you want me to come with
you, or should I wait here?
98.2
Example answers:
2. because it was raining. /
because the weather was bad.
3. but it was closed.
4. so he didn’t eat anything. /
so he didn’t want anything
to eat.
5. because there was a lot of
traffic. / because the traffic
was bad.
6. good-bye, got into her car,
and drove off/away.
98.3
Example answers:
3. I went to the movies, b u t the
movie wasn’t very good.
4. I went to a coffee shop and
met some friends of mine.
5. There was a movie on
television, so I watched it.
6. I got up in the middle of
the night because I
couldn’t sleep.
UNIT 99
99.1
2. W hen I’m tired, I like to
watch TV.
3. W hen I called her, there was
no answer.
4. W hen I go on vacation, I
always go to the same place.
5. W hen the program ended, I
turned off the TV.
6. W hen I got to the hotel, there
were no rooms.
99.2
2. when they heard the news.
3. they went to live in France.
4. while they were away.
5. before they came here
6. somebody broke into the house
7. they didn’t believe me.
99.3
2. I finish
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
it’s
I’ll be . . . she leaves
stops
W e’ll come . . . we’re
I come . . . I’ll bring
I’m
I’ll give . . . I go
I’ll tell ., . . I’m
99.4
Example answers:
2. you finish your work
3. I’m going to buy a motorcycle
4. you get ready
5. I won’t have much free time
6. I come back
UNIT 100
100.1
2. If you pass the driving test,
you’ll get your license.
3. If you fail the driving test,
you can take it again.
4. If you don’t want this
magazine, I’ll throw it away.
5. If you want those pictures,
you can have them.
6. If you’re busy now, we can
talk later.
7. If you’re hungry, we can have
lunch now.
8. If you need money, I can lend
you some.
100.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I give
is
I’ll call
I’ll be . . . get
W ill you go . . . they invite
100.3
Example answers:
3. . . . you’re busy.
4. . .. you’ll feel better in the
morning.
5. . . . you’re not watching it.
6. . . . she doesn’t practice.
7. . . . I’ll go and see Chris.
8. . . . the weather is good.
9. . . . it rains today.
100.4
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
W hen
If
If
if
W hen
if
when . . . if
UNIT 101________________________
101.1
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
wanted
had
were/was
didn’t enjoy
could
tried
didn’t have
101.2
3. I’d go / I would go
4. she knew
5. we had
6. you won
7. I wouldn’t stay
8. we lived
9. It would be
10. the salary was/were
11. I wouldn’t know
12. would you change
101.3
2. I’d watch it / I would watch it
3. we had some pictures on
the wall
4. the air would be cleaner
5. every day was/were the same
6. I’d be bored / I would be
bored
7. we had a bigger house / we
bought a bigger house
8. we would/could buy a bigger
house
101.4
Example answers:
2. I’d go to Antarctica
3. I didn’t have any friends
4. I’d buy a house if I had
enough money.
5. I’d try and help
6. there were no guns
UNIT 102_______________________
102.1
2. A butcher is a person who
sells meat.
3. A musician is a person who
plays a musical instrument.
4. A patient is a person who is
sick in the hospital.
5. A dentist is a person who
takes care of your teeth.
6. A fool is a person who does
stupid things.
7. A genius is a person who is
very intelligent.
8. A liar is a person who doesn’t
tell the truth.
102.2
2. The woman who opened
the door was wearing a yellow
dress.
3. Most of the students who
took the test passed (it).
4. The police officer who
stopped our car wasn’t very
friendly.
102.3
6. which
2. who
7. who
3. which
8. who
4. which
9. which
5. who
T h at is also correct in all these
sentences.
102.4
3. . . . a machine th a t/w h ic h
makes coffee.
4. OK (which is also correct)
5. . . . people w h o /th a t never
stop talking.
6. OK (who is also correct)
7. OK (that is also correct)
8. . . . the sentences th a t/w h ic h
are wrong.
9. . . . a car th a t/w h ic h cost
$60,000.
UNIT 103_______________________
103.1
2. I’ve lost the pen you gave me.
3. I like the jacket Sue is
wearing.
4. Where are the flowers I
gave you?
5. I didn’t believe the story he
told us.
6. How much were the oranges
you bought?
103.2
2. The meal you cooked was
excellent.
3. The shoes I’m wearing aren’t
very comfortable.
4. The people we invited to
dinner didn’t come.
103.3
2. Who are the people you were
talking to?
3. Did you find the keys you
were looking for?
4. Where is the party you’re
going to?
5. W hat’s the name of the movie
you were talking about?
6. W hat’s that music you’re
listening to?
7. Did you get the e-mail you
were waiting for?
103.4
2. W hat’s the name of the
restaurant where you had
dinner?
3. How big is the town where
you live?
4. W here exactly is the factory
where you work?
ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES 299
UNIT 104
104.1
2. at
3. in
4. at
5. in
6. in
104.2
3. at
4. on
5. in
6. in
7. on
8. on
9. at
10. on
104.3
3. B
4. A
5. both
6. A
7. B
7.
8.
9.
10.
at
in
at
in . . . at
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
at
in
on
on
at
at
on
in
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
B
both
both
B
both
104.4
2. I’ll call you in three days.
3. My exam is in two weeks. /
. . . in 14 days.
4. Tom will be here in half an
hour. / . . . in 30 minutes.
104.5
3. in
4. - (already complete)
5. - (already complete)
6. in
7. on
8. - (already complete)
9. - (already complete)
10. - (already complete)
11. in
12. at
UNIT 10 5 _______ __
105.1
2. Alex lived in Canada until
2003.
3. Alex has lived in Japan since
2003.
4. Jin Sook lived in South Korea
until 2007.
5. Jin Sook has lived in Australia
since 2007.
6. Beth worked in a hotel from
2002 to 2005.
300 ANSWER K EY TO EXERCISES
7. Beth has worked in a
restaurant since 2005.
8. Adam was a teacher fro m
1996 to 2002.
9. Adam has been a journalist
since 2002.
11. Alex has lived in Japan for
years.
12. Jin Sook has lived in Australia
fo r
years.
13. Beth worked in a hotel for
three years.
14. Beth has worked in a
restaurant fo r
years.
15. Adam was a teacher for six
years.
16. Adam has been a journalist
fo r
years.
105.2
2. until
3. for
4. since
5. Until
6. for
7. for
8. until
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
since
until
for
until
Since
for
UNIT 106_____________
106.1
2. after lunch
3. before the end
4. during the course
5. before they went to Mexico
6. during the night
7. while you’re waiting
8. after the concert
106.2
3. while
4. for
5. while
6. during
7. while
8. for
9. during
10. while
106.3
2. eating
3. answering
4. taking
5. finishing/doing
6. going/traveling
106.4
2. John worked in a bookstore
for two years after finishing
high school.
3. Before going to sleep, I read
for a few minutes.
4. After walking for three hours,
we were very tired.
5. Let’s have a cup of coffee
before going out.
UNIT 107
_________________
107.1
2. In the box.
3. O n the box.
4. O n the wall.
5. At the bus stop.
6. In the field.
7. O n the balcony.
8. In the pool.
9. At the window.
10. O n the ceiling.
11. O n the table.
12. At the table.
107.2
2. in
3. on
4. in
5. on
6. at
7. in
8. in
9. at
10. at
11. in
12. at
13. on
14. at
15. on the wall in the living room
UNIT 1 0 8
108.1
2. At the airport.
3. In bed.
4. O n a ship.
5. In the sky.
6. At a party.
7. At the doctor’s.
8. O n the second floor.
9. At work.
10. O n a plane.
11. In a taxi.
12. At a wedding.
108.2
2. in
3. in
4. at
5. at
6. in
7. in
8. at
9. in
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
in
on
on
at
in
on
at
UNIT 109
109.1
2. to
3. in
4. to
5. in
6. to
7. to
8. in
5. to parties
6. at a friend’s house
UNIT 110
110.1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
110.2
2.
3.
4.
109.2
5.
3. to
6.
4. to
7.
5. (at) home . . . to work
8.
6. at
9.
7. - (already complete)
10.
8. to
11.
9. at
10. at a restaurant. . . to the hotel 12.
109.3
2. to
3. to
4. in
5. to
6. to
7. at
8. to
9. to
10. at
11. at
12. to Maria’s house . . . (at) home
13. - (already complete)
14. meet at the party . . . go to
the party
109.4
1. to
2. - (already complete)
3. at
4. in
5. to
6. - (already complete)
109.5
Example answers:
2. to work
3. at work
4. to Alaska
next to / by
in front of
between
next to / by
in front of
behind
on the
in the
behind
above
in front of
on
by / next to
below / under
above
under
by / next to
across from
on
110.3
2. The fountain is in front of the
theater.
3. The bank/bookstore is across
from the theater, or Paul’s
office is across from the
theater, or The theater is
across from . . .
4. The bank/supermarket is next
to the bookstore, or The
bookstore is next to the . . .
5. Paul’s office is above the
bookstore.
6. The bookstore is between the
bank and the supermarket.
UNIT 111
111.1
2. Go under the bridge.
3. Go up the hill.
4. Go down the steps.
5. Go along this street.
6. Go into the hotel.
7. Go past the hotel.
8. Go out of the hotel.
9. Go over the bridge.
10. Go through the park.
111.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
off
over
out of
across
around
through
on
around
into the house through
a window
111.3
1. out of
around
from here to the airport
around
6. on/over
7. over
8. out of
UNIT 112
112.1
2. on
3. on
4. on
5. on
time
vacation
the phone
television
112.2
2. by
3. with
4. about
5. on
6. by
7. at
8. on
9. with
10. about grammar by
Vera P. Bull
112.3
1. with
2. without
3. by
4. about
5. at
6. by
7. on
8. with
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
at
by
about
by
on
with
by
by
UNIT 113
113.1
2. in
3. to
ANSWER K EY TO EXERCISES 301
4. at
5. with
6. of
113.2
2. at
3. to
4. about
5. of
6. of
7. from
8. in
9. for
10. about
11. of
12. at
113.3
2. interested in going
3. good at getting
4. fed up with waiting
5. sorry for/about waking
6. Thank you for waiting.
113.4
2. Sue walked past me without
speaking.
3. Don’t do anything without
asking me first.
4. I went out without locking
the door.
113.5
Example answers:
2.
3.
4.
5.
I’m
I’m
I’m
I’m
afraid of the dark.
not very good at drawing.
not interested in cars.
fed up with living here.
UNIT 114
114.1
2. to
3. for
4. to
5. at
6. for
114.2
2. to
3. of
4. to
5. for
6. for
302 ANSWER K EY TO EXERCISES
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
of/about
for
on
to
at
for
to
- (already complete)
to
on
- (already complete) . . . (to)
of/about
at
of
for
- (already complete)
114.3
Example answers:
3. It depends on the program.
4. It depends (on) what it is.
5. It depends on the weather.
6. It depends (on) how much
you want.
UNIT 115
115.1
2. went in
3. looked up
4. rode off/away
5. turned around
6. got off
7. sat down
8. got out
115.2
2. away
3. around
4. going o u t . . . be back
5. down
6. over
7. back
8. in
9. up
10. going away . . . coming back
115.3
2. Hold on
3. slowed down
4. takes off
5. get along
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
speak up
broken down
fall over / fall down
work out
gave up
went off
UNIT 116
__________
116.1
2. She took off her hat. or She
took her hat off.
3. He put down his bag. or
He put his bag down.
4. She picked up the magazine.
or She picked the
magazine up.
5. He put on his sunglasses, or
He put his sunglasses on.
6. She turned off the faucet, or
She turned the faucet off.
116.2
2. He put his jacket on.
He put it on.
3. She took off her glasses.
She took them off.
4. I picked the phone up.
I picked it up.
5. They gave the key back.
They gave it back.
6. We turned off the lights.
We turned them off.
116.3
2. take it back
3. picked them up
4. turned it off
5. bring them back
116.4
3. knocked over
4. look it up
5. throw them away
6. tried on
7. showed me around
8. gave up
9. fill it out
10. put your cigarette out
Answer Key to Additional Exercises
(see page 244)
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Kate is a doctor.
The children are asleep.
Gary isn’t hungry.
The books aren’t on the table.
The hotel is near the station.
The bus isn’t full.
2____________________________
3. she’s / she is
4. W here are
5. Is he
6. It’s / It is
7. I’m / I am or No, I’m not.
I’m a student.
8. W hat color is
9. Is it
10. Are you
11. How much are they?
3____________________________
3. He’s / He is taking a shower.
4. Are the children playing?
5. Is it raining?
6. They’re / They are coming
now.
7. Why are you standing here?
I’m / I am waiting for
somebody.
4
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Sam doesn’t want
Do you want
Does Helen live
Sarah knows
I don’t travel
do you usually get up
They don’t go out
Tom always leaves
does Julia do . . . She works
5_____________________ __________
3.
4.
5.
6.
She’s / She is a student.
She doesn’t have a car.
She goes out a lot.
She has / She’s got a lot
of friends.
7. She doesn’t like Houston.
8. She likes to dance.
9. She isn’t / She’s not interested
in sports.
6
__
1. Are you married?
Where do you live?
Do you have any children?
How old is she?
2. How old are you?
W hat do you do? / Where do
you work? / W hat’s your job?
Do you like/enjoy your job?
Do you have a car?
Do you (usually) go to work
by car?
3. W hat’s his name?
W hat does he do? / W hat’s
his job?
Does he live/work in
New York?
10
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
went
found
was
had/took
told
gave
were
thought
invited/asked
11
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
He
He
He
He
He
He
7_________________________ __
4. Sonia is 32 years old.
12
5. I have / I’ve got two sisters.
3.
6. We often watch
TV atnight.
7. Jane never wears a hat.
4.
8. My car has a flat tire, or
My car’s got / has got a flat
5.
tire.
6.
9. These flowers are beautiful.
7.
10. Mary speaks German very
well.
8
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
__
are you cooking
plays
I’m leaving
It’s raining
I don’t watch
we’re looking
do you pronounce
9___________________________
2. we go
3. shining
4. are you going
5. do you take
6. She writes
7. I never read
8. They’re watching
9. She’s talking
10. do you usually have
11. He’s visiting
12. I don’t drink
13
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
was good at sports.
played basketball.
didn’t work hard at school.
had a lot of friends.
didn’t have a bicycle.
wasn’t a quiet child.
How long were you there? /
How long did you stay there?
Did you like/enjoy the
Bahamas?
Where did you stay?
Was the weather good?
W hen did you get/come
back?
I forgot
did you get
I didn’t speak
Did you have
he didn’t go
she arrived
did Robert live
The meal didn’t cost
14
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
were working
opened
rang . . . was cooking
heard . . . looked
was looking . . . happened
wasn’t reading . . . was
watching
8. didn’t read
9. finished . . . paid . . . left
10. saw . . . was walking . . . was
waiting
ANSWER K EY TO ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 303
1 5_________________________________
3. is playing
4. gave
5. doesn’t like
6. did your parents go
7. saw . . . was driving
8. Do you watch
9. were you doing
10. goes
11. ’m /am trying
12. didn’t sleep
1 6___________________________
2. I haven’t read it.
3. Have you seen her?
4. I’ve / I have had enough.
5. Have you (ever) been to
Chile?
6. How long have you lived
here? or . . . have you been
living here?
7. we’ve / we have known each
other for years.
8. It’s / It has been raining all
day. or It has rained all day.
or It has been horrible/bad
all day.
1 7_________________________________
3. ’s/has been
4. for
5. since
6. has he lived / has he been
7. for
8. ’ve/have been
1 8___________________________
Example answers:
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
I’ve just started this exercise.
I’ve met Julia a few times.
I haven’t had dinner yet.
I’ve never been to Australia.
I’ve lived here since I was
born.
8. I’ve lived here for three years.
19
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
__________________
bought/got
went
’ve/have seen or saw i t . . .
haven’t started (it)
was
didn’t see
finished or graduated from
’s/has been
11. was
12. ’ve/have never made
20__________________________
3. He’s/H e has lived there since
last May. or He’s been
living . . .
4. she left at 4:00.
5. How many times have you
been there?
6. I’ve / have been tired all day.
7. It was on the table last night.
8. I’ve eaten there a few times.
9. W hat time did they get here?
21__________________________
1. W hen was the last time? or
W hen did you go the last
time? or W hen were you
there the last time?
2. How long have you had it?
I bought/got it yesterday.
3. How long have you lived
there / have you been there /
have you been living there?
Before that we lived on
Mill Road.
How long did you live on
Mill Road?
4. How long have you worked
there / have you been
working there?
W hat did you do before that?
I was a taxi driver, or I
worked as a taxi driver.
22__________________________
Example answers:
2. I didn’t go out last night.
3. I was at work yesterday
afternoon.
4. I went to a party a few days
ago.
5. It was my birthday last week.
6. I went to South America last
year.
23
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
B
D
A
A
D
C
B
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
C
D
A
C
B
C
A
304 ANSWER K EY TO ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
2 4________________________________
1. was damaged . . . be torn
down
2. was b u ilt. . . is used . . . is
being painted
3. is called . . . be called . . . was
changed
4. have been made . . . are
produced
2 5________________________________
2. is visited
3. were damaged
4. be built
5. is being cleaned
6. be forgotten
7. has been repaired
8. be kept
9. Have you ever been bitten
10. was stolen
2 6__________________________
2. My car was stolen last week.
3. You’re / You are wanted on
the phone.
4. All the bananas have been
eaten.
5. The machine will be repaired.
6. W e’re / We are being
watched.
7. The housework has to be
done.
2 7________________________________
3. pushed
4. was pushed
5. has taken or took
6. is being repaired
7. invented
8. was the camera invented
9. have been washed or were
washed
10. I’ve / I have washed them.
or I washed them.
11. did they send
12. be sent
28
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
____________________________
B
A
C
B
C
C
8. B
9. B
10. A
11. B
12. C
2 9_______________________________
1. B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
2. A:
B:
A:
A:
B:
3. A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
4. A:
B:
A:
B:
5. A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
I stayed
did you do
I watched
Are you going
I’m going
are you going to see
I don’t know. I haven’t
decided
have you been
We arrived
are you staying / are you
going to stay
do you like
we’re having
I’ve just remembered / I
just remembered - Karen
called
She always calls or She’s
always calling . . . Did she
leave
she wants
I’ll c a ll. . . Do you know
I’ll get
I’m going . . . Do you want
are you going
Have you ever eaten
I’ve been . . . I went
I’ve lost / I lo st. . . Have
you seen
You were wearing . . .
I came
I’m not wearing
Have you looked / Did
you look
I’ll go
30_______________________________
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
we met
we sat / we were sitting
We didn’t know
we became
we liked
we spent
We finished
we meet
has been
she’s working
She’s coming
she comes
we’ll have / we’re going to
have
14. It will be
31
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
we’re staying
we enjoyed
We watched
slept
I don’t sleep
we’re not doing / we’re not
going to do
we’re going
to see
We haven’t decided
wants
to go
I’ll send
you’re having
are studying / have been
studying
he had
he needs
W e’ve been
We got
seeing
I liked
we went
we left
had
he wasn’t injured
was damaged
W e’ve changed / We changed
we’re leaving
W e’re staying / W e’re going
to stay / W e’ll stay
flying
That will be / That’s going
to be
finished
I’ll let
we get
are looking
W e’re going
we’ll send
32
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10
A
B
C
B
C
B
A
C
A
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
B
A
C
B
C
A
C
B
3 3______________
2. a car
3. the fridge
4. a teacher
5. school
6. the movies
7. a taxi
8. the piano
9. computers
10. the same
34
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
___________
a horse
The sky
a tourist
for lunch (-)
the first president of the
United States
a watch
remember names (-)
the next train
sends e-mails (-)
the backyard
the Majestic Hotel
sick last week ( - ) . . . to
work (-)
the highest mountain in
the world
to the radio . . . having
breakfast (-)
like sports ( - ) . . . is
basketball (-)
a doctor . . . an art teacher
the second floor . . . the top
of the stairs . . . on the right
After dinner ( - ) . . . watched
TV (-)
northern Mexico ( - ) . . . the
south
in
on
at
on
in
since
on
by
in
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
for
at
in
at
on
by
for. . . on
to . . . in
a t . . . in
ANSWER K EY TO ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 305
Answer Key to Study Guide
(see page 263)
Present__________
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
B
A
C
A
C, D
B
D
C
C
A
C
A
D
C
A
D
C, D
A, D
Past
2.1
B
2.2
E
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
D
B
A
D
A
C
C
E
Present perfect
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
B, E
D
B
D
E
B
A
C
D
E
Passive
4.1 D
4.2 C
4.3 E
4.4 A
4.5 A
Verb forms
5.1 D
5.2 B
Future
_____________ _
6.1 A
6.2 A
6.3 C
6.4 A , B
6.5 B
6.6 C
6.7 D
6.8 C .
6.9 B, C
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
A
D
B
C
B, D
A
B
__
B
E
A
A
B
9.1 D
9.2 A
9.3 C
9.4 B
9.5 B
9.6 C
9.7 D
Questions__________________
306 ANSWER K EY TO STUDY GUIDE
A
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
B, D
A
C, E
C
A
A, C
__________
B
D
B
C
B, C
C
A
D
Go, get, do, make, and have
D
C
C
D
D
A
________________
-ing and to . ■■
Auxiliary verbs___________
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
D
B
11.1 E
11.2 A , B, D
C, D
A, C
There and it
B
Reported speech
Modals, imperative, etc.
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.10
7.11
7.12
7.13
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
10.10
10.11
10.12
A, D
C
C, D
A, D
B
D
Pronouns and possessives
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
14.10
A
C
D
B
B, C
A
E
A
D
C
A and the
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
C
B
A, C
B
B
A
D
C
_______
15.9
15.10
15.11
15.12
15.13
15.14
B
B
E
D
B
A
Determiners and
pronouns
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9
16.10
16.11
16.12
16.13
16.14
16.15
16.16
16.17
16.18
16.19
C
C
B
B
C
A, C
D
B, D
A
B
D
B, D
A
A, B
D
A, C
D
B
A
Adjectives and
adverbs
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
A
C
C
D
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
17.10
17.11
17.12
17.13
17.14
B
B
A, C
E
A
B
D
A
D
C
Word order
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
B
C
B
A
A, D
Conjunctions and
clauses
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.7
19.8
20.6 A
20.7 B
20.8 C
20.9 B
20.10 D
20.11 D
20.12 A
20.13 C
20.14 D
20.15 A
20.16 E
20.17 C
20.18 B
20.19 D
20.20 D
Phrasal verbs
21.1 C
21.2 A, B
21.3 B
C
A
D
E
B, C
A, B
B, D
A
Prepositions
20.1
20.2
20.3
20.4
20.5
A, D
E
C, D
B
A, D
ANSWER K EY TO STUDY GUIDE 307
Index
The numbers are unit numbers (not page numbers).
a /a n 66
a and some 68-69
a/an and the 70
a n y b o d y/an yon e/an yth in g
77D, 79-80
best
anywhere
about
112E
b etw een
above
110E
apostrophe (Fm, it's, etc.)
Appendix 4
across
111
apostrophe 5s (my brother's car)
acrossfrom
11OB
active and passive Appendix 1
adjectives 86
get + adjective (get tired, etc.) 57B
possessive adjectives (my/your/her,
etc.) 61, 63
something/anybody, etc. + adjective
80C
adjectives and adverbs (quick/quickly)
87
comparatives (older/ more expensive)
88-90
superlatives (the oldest / the most
expensive) 91
adjectives + preposition (afraid of,
etc.) 113A
adverbs 87
word order (always/usually/often, etc.)
95
advise (advise somebody to ...)
afraid (o f)
after
ago
54B
113A
80
born
65
aound
by
112C
111
turn around / show around (phrasal
verbs)
arrive
115-116, Appendix 7
109C
articles (a/an/the)
a/an 66, 68-69
a/an and the 70
the 71-74
as (not as . . . as)
66-74
call
90
ask somebody to . . . 54B
ask somebody f o r . . . 114A
auxiliary verbs
word order
107-108
along
2 4 ,4 1 -4 3
115-116, Appendix 7
in back o f 110A
base form
96C
past 2 OB
word order 95
also (word order)
95
always
always + simple present
word order 95
a m /is /a r e
5C
1-2
am/is/are -ing (present continuous)
3-4, 24A, 26, 52C
there is / there are 38
an see a
and
have/has been (present
angry (a t/w ith /a b o u t)
66B
any
any and some 77
not + any 78
any and no 78
any (of) 82
308 INDEX
98
113A
perfect)
16-17
been and gone 21A
there has/have been 39B
before
b elo n g (to)
b elo w
110E
114A
114C
did
didn't in negatives
44B, 52A
did in questions
45B, 52A
different (from )
12, 24D, 41C,
12, 24D, 41C,
113A
direct speech and reported speech
51
do and m ake
58
don't/doesn't in negatives
6, 24D,
41C, 44B, 52A
do/does in questions 7, 24D, 41C,
45B, 52A
don't go / don't fall, etc. (imperative)
34B
dow n
111
sit down / p u t down, etc. (phrasal
99, 106
b egin (begin to . . . or begin -ing)
31C -D
countable and uncountable nouns
68-69
depend (on)
been
98
another
52
be (base form o f am/is/are)
am/is/are 1-2
am/is/are + -ing (present continuous)
3 -4, 24A, 26, 52C
was/were 10
was/were + -ing (past continuous)
13, 24A, 52C
have/has been (present perfect)
16-17
passive 22-23, Appendix 1
will be 28
because
99
con tin u e (continue to . . . or continue
-ing) 53 C
c o u ld /c o u ld n ’t
verbs)
already + present perfect or simple
98-101
contractions (short forms - Fm, it's,
you've, etc.) Appendix 4
115-116, Appendix 7
come back /g iv e back, etc. (phrasal
111
already
conjunctions
and/but/or/so/because 98
when/before/while/after/until
i f 100-101
back
95
31
con d ition al ( i f . ..)
if I d o . . . 100
i f I did . . . 101
at
8 :0 0 / at nig1\, etc. 104
the bus stop / at work, etc.
and to 109
the age o f . . . 112B
114B
com parative (older / more expensive,
etc.) 88-90
ask
at
at
at
at
95
by after the passive
(I was bitten by a dog.) 22 D
by myself / by yourself, etc. 64C
by (= next to) 110C
c a n /c a n ’t
all
81
b oth 83
word order
98
verbs)
all and every, etc.
all (of) 82
110A
22C
but
run away / throw away, etc. (phrasal
99, 106
88D
are see a m /is/a r e
away
18B
91B
better
verbs)
53 C
during
115-116, Appendix 6 -7
106
each other
64D
give
give something to somebody / give
somebody something 97
give up /g iv e back, etc. (phrasal verbs)
either
either and too 43A
either (of) 83
em bedded questions (Do you know
w h a t ... ?, etc.) 50
e-m ail
114B
end (at the end of)
104B, 107B
enjoy
enjoy -ing 53B
enjoy myself/yourself etc.
enough
92
enough and too
ever
Have you ever ... ? 16
superlative + ever 91E
word order
every
95
81
ev eryb o d y /ev ery o n e/ev ery th in g /
everywhere 81C
expect
53A, 54B
How far is it? 40A, 48D
far farther 88B
fed up (w ith)
few / a few
113A
85
53B
for
for 10 minutes / for three years, etc.
18, 105D
for and to . .. 55B
go for a walk, etc. 56C
for and during 106C
from
105A, 111
front (in front of )
fu ll (o f )
110A-B
113A
farther
88B
future
26-29
The concert starts at 7:3 A (simple
present)
got
past of get
26C
(Fm) going to (do something) 27
will 28-29
shall 29C
future after when/before/while, etc.
99B
future after if
100B
gerund see -in g
get
57
get to (a place) 57C, 109C
get on / get up, etc. (phrasal
verbs)
107-108
in and to 109
in back of 110A
in front of 110A-B
put something in 111
go in / fill in, etc. (phrasal verbs)
11C, 57
He said he had (done something)
51, Appendix 1.1
hard
114A
87C
hate
53C -D
have
9, 59
don't have / haven't got 9B
have and short answers 9D
have got / has got 9, 59 A
have done / have been, etc. (present
perfect)
16 -1 9 ,24C
have to 34
have a nice time / have fun, etc. 34A
there has/have been 39B
have breakfast / have a good time, etc.
hers
115-116, Appendix 7
in fin itive
adjective + infinitive (it's easy to ...)
40B
infinitive (do/see, etc.) 52
infinitive and -ing (do/doing, etc.)
52-53
I want to go, etc. 52B, 53
I went to the store to buy . . . 55
infinitive and f o r . . . 55B
something to eat / nowhere to go, etc.
80D
-in g (doing/playing/going, etc.)
am/is/are + -ing (present continuous)
3-4, 24A, 26, 52C
was/were + -ing (past continuous)
13, 24A, 52C
-ing and infinitive (do/doing, etc.)
52-53
verbs + -ing (enjoy -ing, etc.) 53B-C
go -ing (go swimming, etc.) 56D
prepositions + -ing 106D, 113B
interested (in)
60-61, 63
62-63
in to
113A
111
h erself 64
irregular verbs 11C, 2 5B,
Appendix 2 -3
h im
is see a m /is/a r e
60, 63
it
h im se lf 64
his
56A, 72A, 109B
57C, 109C
get home
how
40, 60B
it is and there is 38B, 40A
it's and its 61C
61-63
h om e
its
61
48
How long have you ... ? (present
perfect)
geographical nam es with and
without the 74
in April / in the summer; etc. 104
in a room / in the hospital, etc.
have/has got 9, 59 A
don't have/haven't got 9B
59B
26
104E
21A
good and well 87D
good at 113A
her
Fm working tomomw. (present
continuous)
in five minutes / in three years, etc.
has see have
finish (finish -ing)
in
good
happen (to)
87C
im perative (do this / don't do that, etc.)
34
2/1
had
past of have 11C
had to 34B
far
fast
go in g to (Fm going to do something)
100-101
i f we go / i f you see, etc. 100
if and when 100C
i f I had / i f we went 101
Do you know i f . .. ? 50C
56
go -ing (go swimming, etc.) 56D
go home /g o to work /g o to the movies
72
go in /g o back, etc. (phrasal verbs)
gone and been
93D
if
116, Appendix 6-7
go
115
64A
I /y o u /h e /s h e , etc. (personal
pronouns) 60, 63
17
how big? / how old? / how far?, etc.
48D
How long does it take? 49
how much? / how many? 84A
just
just + present perfect or simple past
20A
word order
95
kind (kind to somebody / kind o f
somebody) 113 A
k now (Do you know where. . . ?) 50
115, Appendix 6
The numbers are unit numbers (not page numbers).
INDEX 309
learn (learn to . . .)
left (on the left)
53A
need
lend (lend something to somebody)
less
let
97
89C
54D
let’s (let's go / let's dance, etc.)
37C, 54D
like (What is it like?)
35C
next to
89D
look + adjective (look tired, etc.)
look at/for/after 114A
lo t (a lo t o f . . .)
95
110A
nice (nice to somebody / nice of somebody)
113 A
85
look
86C
84
no (no money / no friends, etc.)
78A-B, 82A
n o b o d y /n o o n e /n o th in g
no one and none 78C
none
53C -D
79-80
78B-C, 82B-C
nouns (countable and uncountable)
68-69
58
make somebody do something
make and do 58
54D
m any
now here
84
90B
offer (to do something)
108A, 110A
30
m ind (I don't mind -ing)
53B
m in e/y o u rs/h ers, etc. (possessive
pronouns) 62-63
m odal verbs (will/can/might, etc.)
28-35, 52A
often + simple present
word order
115-116, Appendix 6-7
much and many 84
much bigger / much more expensive
89D
90B
ou gh t to
our
33F
61, 63
62-63
ourselves
64
m y se lf/y o u r se lf etc. (reflexive
pronouns) 64
past perfect
51
Appendix 1.1
peop le
67C -D
personal pronouns (I/m e/you, etc.)
60, 63
persuade (persuade somebody to ...)
54B
phrasal verbs (get up / p u t on, etc.)
115-116, Appendix 6-7
plural (cup cups / man men, etc.)
p o lice (plural)
67
67D
possessive adjectives
(my/your/his, etc.) 61, 63
possessive pronouns
(mine/yours/his, etc.) 62-63
prefer
36B, 53C -D
p repositions 104-114
at/on/in (time) 104
for/since 18, 105
until 105A-B
before/after/during/while 106
in/at/on (places) 107-108
to/in/at (places) 109
on 104, 107-108, 110A, 112A
at 104, 107-109, 112B
under/between/next to, etc. (position)
110
out of 111
go out / p u t out, etc. (phrasal verbs)
over
m y /y o u r /h is, etc. (possessive
adjectives) 61, 63
past participle (cleaned/done/seen, etc.)
25A
present perfect (I I ave played)
16, 19, 24C
passive (the room was cleaned)
22-23, 24B, Appendix 1
regular (cleaned) and irregular (seen)
25B, Appendix 2 -3
out
115-116, Appendix 6 -7
32
310 INDEX
76
98B
ours
m uch
95
on Monday / on April 25, etc. 104
on the table / on the wall 107-108
on the left/right 110A
on vacation / on television, etc. 112A
go on (vacation/ a trip, etc.) 56B
get on / p u t on, etc. (phrasal verbs)
or
most (of) 82
the most expensive / the most
difficult, etc. 91
5C
on
o n e /o n e s
88C, 89
m ost
not as much (as)
too much 93C
53 A
often
m id d le (in the middle of)
m ore
111
115-116, Appendix 6
m e /y o u /h im , etc. (personal
pronouns) 60, 63
m igh t
65C
get off / turn off, etc. (phrasal verbs)
30D
I ll
past sim ple see sim ple past
o ff
married to 113 A
get married 57B
past (Go past the movie theater...)
past con tin u ou s (was/were + -ing)
13-14, 24A, 52C
past continuous (I was doing) and
simple past (I did) 14
past continuous passive,
Appendix 1.1
active and passive
the roof o f the building, etc.
the . . . o f. . . 74E
married
67B
passive 22-23, 24B, Appendix 1
simple present (is done) and simple
past (was done) 22
present continuous (is being done) and
present perfect (has been done) 23
will/can/must (etc.) be done
Appendix 1.2
He said he had (done something)
80
of
many and much
not as many (as)
too many 93C
m ust
43B
never + simple present 5C
never + present perfect 16
word order
114A
(a little older/bigger, etc.)
m ay
45C
never
little / a little
m ake
negatives 44
negative questions
no and none 78
not + any 78-79
Neither am I / Neither do I, etc.
neither (of) 83
47B
would like 35, 53D, 54A
do you like? and would you like?
like to . . . or like -ing 53 C
love
53A
neither
like (verb)
listen (to)
pair (a pair o f . ..)
need to . . .
110A
111
climb over / knock over (phrasal verbs)
115-116, Appendix 6-7
up/over/through, etc. (movement)
111
by 110C, 112C
with/without 112D, 113B
about 112E
prepositions + -ing (in -ing / without
-ing, etc.) 106D, 113B
adjective + prepositions (afraid of
The numbers are unit numbers (not page numbers).
etc.)
113 A
verb + preposition (listen to / wait for,
etc.) 114
prepositions at the end (Who is she
talking to?) 47
prepositions in relative clauses (the
man she is talking to) 103B
present continuous (am/is/are + -ing)
3-4, 24A, 52C
negative (I'm not -ing) 3
questions (are you-ing?) 4
present continuous (I am doing) and
simple present (I do) 8
present continuous passive 23A,
Appendix 1.1
present continuous for the future
(What are you doing tomorrow?) 26
present perfect
19-21, 24C
present perfect
present perfect
present perfect
(I have done)
16-17,
+ just 20A
+ already 20B
+ yet 20C, 96B
Have you ever. . . ? 16
gone and been 21A
How long have you . . . ? 17
present perfect + for/since 17-18
present perfect continuous (I have
been -ing) 17B
present perfect (I have done) and
simple past (I did) 19
same
some and a/an 68-69
some and any 77
some (of) 82
so m e b o d y /so m e o n e /so m e th in g /
som ew here 77, 80
som etim es
sometimes + simple present
word order 95
54C
110A
65, Appendix 4.5
71B, 90E
He said th a t.. . (reported speech)
say and tell 51B
shall
45-48
spelling
113A
114A
Appendix 5
start (start to . . . and start -ing)
51
29C
short answers (do/don't have/ haven't,
does/doesn't, etc.) 9D
am/is/are . . . ? 2
do/does . . . ? (simple present) 7, 45B
d id . . . ? (simple past) 12, 45B
Why don't. . . ? / Why isn't...? , etc.
5C
sorry (sorry about and sorry for)
say/said
116, Appendix 7
50
som e
reply questions (Have you? / Are you?)
42A
’s (apostrophe 5s)
put something in . . . I l l
put on / p u t out, etc {phrasal
questions)
102-103
speak (to)
put
45C
so am I / so do I, etc. 43B
I was tired, so I went to bed. 98
relative pronouns (who/which/that)
102-103
right (on the right)
53A
Who saw you? / Who did you see? 45
preposition at the end (Who is she
talking to?) 47
What / Which / How . . . ? 48
How long does it take? 49
Do you know where . . . ? (embedded
so
regular and irregular verbs
11, 25, Appendix 2 -3
He told me to . . .
18A, 105C
flowers)
singular and plural (flower - ►
67
reflexive pronouns (myself/yourself
etc.) 64
relative clauses
simple present passive (the room is
cleaned) 22, 24B, Appendix 1.1
simple present for the future
(The concert starts at 7:30.) 26C
simple present after when/while, etc.
98B
simple present after i f 99B
since
51
pronouns
personal pronouns (I/m e/you, etc.)
60, 63
possessive pronouns (mine/yours, etc.)
62-63
reflexive pronouns (myself/yourself
etc.) 64
one/ones 76
relative pronouns (who/which/that)
102-103
questions
I'd rather/Would you rather? 36
I'd rather go out than ..., etc. 36C
He said th a t. . . / He told me th a t. ..
present sim ple see sim p le present
verbs)
rather
reported speech
present perfect passive
23B, Appendix 1.1
regular and irregular verbs
16, 25, Appendix 2-3
prom ise (promise to ...)
reply questions (Have you? / Are you?,
etc.) 42A
tag questions ( . . . do you? / . . . isn't it?,
etc.) 42B
still 96
word order
53C
95
stop (stop -ing)
53B
suggest (suggest -ing)
53B
superlative (the biggest
expensive, etc.) 91
short form s (I'm / it's /you've, etc.)
Appendix 4
should
33
sim ple past (did/cleaned/saw, etc.)
11-12
negative (didn't...) 12, 44B
questions (did. . . ?) 12, 45B
was/were 10
regular (cleaned) and irregular verbs
(saw) 11C, Appendix 2 -3
simple past + ago 18B
simple past + already 2 0B
simple past (I did) and present perfect
(I have done) 19
simple past (I did) and past
continuous (I was doing) 14
simple past + just 20A
simple past passive (the room was
cleaned) 22, 24B, Appendix 1.1
simple past + yet 20C
*i f + simple past (if I had / i f we
went) 101
sim ple present (I work / she works,
etc.) 5 -7 ,24D
negative (don't/doesn't) 6, 43B
questions (do/does. . . ?) 7, 44B
simple present + always/usually/never,
etc. 5C
simple present (I do) and present
continuous (I am doing) 8
tag questions
42B
take (How long does it take?)
talk (to)
49
114A
te ll/to ld
He told me th a t .. . 51
tell and say 51B
Can you tell me where .. . ? 50A
He told me to . . . 54B
tenses
active and passive Appendix 1.1
present continuous (I am doing) 3-4,
24A, 26, 52C
simple present (I do) 5-7, 24D, 26C
simple past (I did) 11-12, 14, 19-21,
24D
past continuous (I was doing) 13-14,
24A, 52C
present perfect (I have done) 16-21,
24C
be/have/do in present and past tenses
24
text
114B
than
89-90
The numbers are unit numbers (not page numbers).
INDEX 311
that
75
used (I used to ...)
He said th a t. . . (reported speech)
51C
that and this 75
a thing th a t . .. (relative clauses)
70-74
the and a/an 70
the same 71B
the sun / the sky, etc.
15
w ho
usually
102
usually + simple present
word order 95
5C
w hose (Whose is this?)
the
71C
the movies / the theater / the bank, etc.
72B
flowers / the flowers 73
the in names of places 74
the biggest / the most expensive, etc.
their
91
61, 63
theirs
62, 63
them
60, 63
them selves
64
there
there is/are 38
there was/were 39A
there has/have been 39B
there will be 39C
there is and it is 38B
these
verbs
present tenses 1-9, 24, 26
past tenses 10-15, 19, 24
present perfect 16-21, 24
passive 22-23, Appendix 1
regular and irregular verbs 25,
Appendix 2 -3
future 26-29
modal verbs (will/can/should, etc.)
28-35, 52A
negatives 44
questions 45-48
reported speech 51
verbs + -ing 53
verbs + to' . .. 52-54
verbs + preposition (look at / speak
to, etc.) 114
phrasal verbs (get up / p u t on, etc.)
115-116, Appendix 6 -7
75
think (think about / think of)
this
114A
w ait (for)
55C, 114A
w ant
75
those
through
111
till (= until)
w as/w ere
54A
10
was/were + -ing (past continuous)
105B
28-29
will and shall 2 9 C
won't 28A
there will be 39C
w ith /w ith o u t 112D
with/without + -ing 113B
w o n ’t (= will not)
time 105A
places 109, 111
go to . . . 56A, 109A
get to ... 57C, 109C
infinitive (to go / to be, etc.)
verb + to 53A, 53C
too
was/were done (passive)
there was/were 39A
i f I was/were . . . 101B
w ell
52
93
too and either
43A
turn (turn around / turn on, etc.)
(phrasal verbs) 115-116, Appendix 7
w orse
88D
w orst
91B
I'd like / would you like? 35
I'd rather/would you rather? 36
would like/love, etc. 53D
He would buy a car i f he had the money.
101
22, 24B
w rite (to)
yet
87D
w ere see was
W h a t... ?and W h o ... ? 45C
W h a t... like? 47B
W h a t. . . ? 48
W h a t. . . ? and Which . . . ? 48C
under
110D, 111
until
99B, 105A-B
up
68-69
111
get up /p ic k up, etc. (phrasal verbs)
115-116, Appendix 6 -7
us
60, 63
312 INDEX
w hether
you
your
yours
60, 63
61, 63
62-63
you rself/you rselves
100C
50C
w hich
W hich. . . ? 48
W h ic h ...? and W h a t...? 48C
Which one/ones? 76B
a thing which . . . (relative clauses)
102
w h ile
96
20C
what
99
when and i f
114A
yet + present perfect or simple past
w hen
uncountable nouns
(salt/water/music, etc.)
28A
w ord order
questions 45-47
prese. \t continuous questions 4B
simple present questions 7B
simple past questions 12D
passive 22-23
Do you know where . . . ? (embedded
questions) 50
verb + object 94 A
place and time 94B
always/usually/often, etc. 95
after give/lend/send, etc. 97
13, 24A, 52C
to
62D
w ill
w ould
want to . . . 53A
want somebody to . . .
75
W h o ... ? 45
a person who . . . (relative clauses)
102
99, 106
The numbers are unit numbers (not page numbers).
64
Also in the series
Well known for its simple, clear explanations and two-page format,
Basic Grammar in Use is a unique combination of grammar
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It is an excellent resource for use as a classroom text or for
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This new full-color edition is updated and also includes:
• a study guide to help students pinpoint exactly which grammar
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Grammar
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Basic Grammar in Use
Basic Grammar in Use
Beginner to Low Interm ediate
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