www.lawcommission.gov.np
ljB't lgodfjnL, @)%)
g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt ldlt
@)%).%.!
;+zf]wg
!= ljB't -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)^!
@)^$.%.#
@= ljB't -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)^%
@)^%.&.$
#= ljB't -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)^^
@)^^.#.@#
$=ljB't -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)&#
@)&#.^.!)
ljB't P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $) n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] b]xfosf
lgodx? agfPsf] 5 .
kl/R5]b –!
k|f/lDes
!=
;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ oL lgodx?sf] gfd æljB't lgodfjnL @)%)Æ /x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] lgodfjnL t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .
@=
kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; lgodfjnLdf,–
-s_
æP]gÆ eGgfn] ljB't P]g, @)$( ;D´g' k5{ .
-v_
æljB't ljsf; ljefuÆ eGgfn] P]gsf] bkmf #^ adf]lhdsf] hnljB't
ljsf; OsfO{sf] sfd ug{ phf{ dGqfno cGtu{t /x]sf] ljB't ljsf;
ljefu ;D´g' k5{ .
-u_
æ;lrjÆ eGgfn] phf{ dGqfnosf] ;lrj ;D´g' k5{ .
-3_
æ;j]{If0fÆ eGgfn] ljB't pTkfbg, k|;f/0f tyf ljt/0fsf] nflu ul/g]
;j]{If0fsf] sfo{ ;D´g' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] ;DefJotf cWoog, lj:t[t
OlGhlgol/Ë l8hfOgsf] sfo{ / To;sf] nflu ul/g] cGj]if0fsf] sfo{
;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-ª_
æljB'tsf] pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0fÆ eGgfn] ljB'tsf] pTkfbg, k|;f/0f
jf ljt/0f;Fu ;DalGwt ;+/rgfx?sf] lgdf{0f, ;+rfng tyf dd{t ;Def/
;D´g'k5{ .
-r_
æljt/0f If]qÆ eGgfn] ljB't ljt/0fsf] cg'dlt kqdf pNn]v ul/Psf] If]q
;D´g' k5{ .
1
www.lawcommission.gov.np
-5_
æjfol/ª\uÆ eGgfn] u|fxssf] 3/, sDkfp08, sf/vfgf jf o:t} cGo s'g}
7fpFdf ljB't cfk"lt{sf] nflu ul/g] ljB't ;fdu|L h8fgsf] sfo{ ;D´g'
k5{ .
-h_
æo"lg6Æ eGgfn] Psxhf/ jf6sf] ljB't zlQm Ps 306f;Dd ;+rfng x'Fbf
vkt x'g] ljB't phf{ ;D´g' k5{ .
-´_
æphf{dfks oGqÆ eGgfn] ljB'tsf] vkt ePsf] o"lg6 b]vfpg] oGq ld6/_ ;D´g' k5{ .
-`_
æe"of]hg -cly{Ë_Æ eGgfn] ljB't zlQmaf6 x'g] vt/fnfO{ x6fpg lglZrt
ulx/fO{df tf/ nuL hldg;Fu hf]8\g] sfo{ ;D´g' k5{ .
-6_
æk|lti7fgÆ eGgfn] ljB'tsf] pTkfbg, k|;f/0f, ?kfGt/ jf ljt/0f ug]{
pks/0f, ;fdu|L tyf k|0ffnLsf] ;dli6ut ?knfO{ hgfpg]5 .

-7_ ædxflgb]{zsÆ eGgfn] ljB't ljsf; ljefusf] dxflgb]{zs ;Demg' k5{ .
kl/R5]b –@
cg'dltkq ;DaGwL Joj:yf
#=
hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{ M P]gsf] bkmf # sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+z adf]lhd !)) b]lv !)))
lsnf]jf6 ;Ddsf] hnljB't ;j]{If0f, pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0f ug{ rfxg] JolQm jf
;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] cg';"rL–! adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf b]xfosf ljj/0fx? v'nfO{ dxflgb]{zsnfO{
hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 M–
-s_
kl/of]hgfsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f,
-v_
kl/of]hgf :ynsf] gSzf -d'Vo d'Vo ;+/rgf ;d]t b]lvg]_,
-u_
kfgLsf] ;|f]t / pkof]u x'g] kfgLsf] kl/df0f,
-3_
ljB't ljt/0f ul/g] If]q tyf o;af6 nfeflGjt x'g] u|fxs ;+Vof,
-ª_
pkof]u ul/g] hn;|f]tsf] cGo s;}n] s'g} lsl;daf6 pkof]u u/] gu/]sf],
u/]sf] eP ;f] sf] ljj/0f,
-r_
$=
cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
ljB't pTkfbgsf] ;j]{If0f cg'dltkqsf] nflu b/vf:t lbg] M ljB't pTkfbgsf] ;j]{If0f
ug{ rfxg] JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfn] cg';"rL–@ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf k|:tfljt ljB't
pTkfbg kl/of]hgf;F+u ;DalGwt b]xfosf ljj/0fx? v'nfO{ tLg k|lt b/vf:t kmf/fd
dxflgb]{zs ;dIf lbg' kg]{5 M–

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
2
www.lawcommission.gov.np
-s_
kl/of]hgf :ynsf] gSzf -h;df k|:tfljt ljB't u[x, afFw, hnfzo, gx/,
;'?Ë, ;j–:6]zg, k|;f/0f nfOg, ljt/0f If]q cflbsf] k|f/lDes gSzf /
kl/of]hgf If]q leqsf ufpF, zx/, P]ltxfl;s :yfg, af6f] OTofbL ;d]t
:ki6 ?kdf b]vfpg' k5{_,
-v_
;j]{If0f ul/g] hn;|f]tsf] If]q / pkof]u x'g] kfgLsf] kl/df0f,
-u_
kl/of]hgf ;DkGg ug{ nfUg] cg'dflgt nfut / s'n cjlw -;j]{If0f /
lgdf{0f ;d]tsf] nflu_,
-3_
kl/of]hgfsf] s'n h8fg Ifdtf / jflif{s pTkfbgsf] cg'dfg,
-ª_
hn afx]s cGo ;fwgaf6 ljB't pTkfbg ug]{ eP k|of]u ul/g] OGwgsf]
lsl;d / To;sf] cfk"lt{ ug]{ tl/sf,
-r_
%=
cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
ljB't k|;f/0fsf] ;j]{If0f cg'dltkqsf] nflu b/vf:t lbg] M ljB't k|;f/0fsf] ;j]{If0f
ug{ rfxg] JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfn] cg';"rL–# adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf k|:tfljt ljB't
k|;f/0f kl/of]hgf;Fu ;DalGwt b]xfosf ljj/0fx? v'nfO{ tLg k|lt b/vf:t kmf/fd
dxflgb]{zs ;dIf lbg' kg]{5 M–
-s_
ljB't k|;f/0f nfOgsf] k|f/lDes ?6–gSzf -k|:tfljt d'Vo k|;f/0f
j}slNks nfOg ;d]t b]lvg]_,
-v_
k|;f/0f nfOgsf] s'n nDafO{, p2]Zo / cfjZostf,
-u_
k|;f/0fsf] nflu k|of]u ul/g] ef]N6]hsf] :t/ / Ifdtf,
-3_
Psd'i6 k|;f/0f u/L cfk"lt{ ug]{ ePdf ljB'tsf] clwstd nf]8 tyf
u|fxssf] lsl;d,
-ª_
k|;f/0f nfOg ;DkGg ug{ nfUg] cg'dflgt nfut / s'n cjlw -;j]{If0f /
lgdf{0f ;d]t_,
-r_
^=
cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
ljB't ljt/0fsf] ;j]{If0f cg'dltkqsf] nflu b/vf:t lbg] M ljB't ljt/0fsf] ;j]{If0f
ug{ rfxg] JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfn] cg';"rL–$ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf k|:tfljt ljB't
ljt/0f kl/of]hgf;Fu ;DalGwt b]xfosf ljj/0fx? v'nfO{ tLg k|lt b/vf:t kmf/fd
dxflgb]{zs ;dIf lbg' kg]{5 M–
3
www.lawcommission.gov.np
-s_
ljt/0f If]qsf] gSzf -h;df To; If]qsf] ef}uf]lns ljj/0f, ljBdfg
ljt/0f k|0ffnL / ug{ vf]lhPsf] ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] k|f/lDes gSzf ;d]t
:ki6 ?kdf v'nfpg' k5{_,
-v_
ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] p2]Zo / cfjZostf,
-u_
ljt/0f k|0ffnLaf6 nfeflGjt x'g] pkef]Qmfx?sf] ;+Vof / lsl;d,
-3_
ljB't vl/b jf k|fKt ug]{ ljGb' / laqmL ljt/0f ;DaGwL cGo ljj/0f,
-ª_
ljt/0f nfOg lgdf{0f ug{ nfUg] cg'dflgt nfut / s'n cjlw -;j]{If0f /
lgdf{0f ;d]t_,
-r_
&=
cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
b/vf:t pk/ hfFra'´ M -!_ lgod $, % jf ^ adf]lhd kg{ cfPsf] b/vf:t pk/ P]g
/ o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd b/vf:tjfnfn] k]z ug'{ kg]{ cfjZos sfuhft, ljj/0f jf
k|ltj]bg k]z u/] gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf dxflgb]{zsn] cfjZos hfFra'´ ug]{ u/fpg] 5 .
-@_
pklgod -!_ adf]lhd hfFra'´ ubf{ b/vf:tjfnfn] b/vf:t ;fy k]z
ug'{ kg]{ s'g} sfuhft, ljj/0f jf k|ltj]bg k]z u/]sf] /x]g5 eg] To:tf] sfuhft,
ljj/0f jf k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ ;DalGwt b/vf:tjfnfnfO{ d'gfl;j dflkmssf] Dofb tf]sL
b/vf:t k/]sf] ldltn] !% lbgleq ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_
pklgod -@_ adf]lhd s'g} sfuhft ljj/0f jf k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ ljB't
ljsf; ljefun] Dofb tf]sL ;"rgf lbPsf]df h'g ldltdf To:tf] sfuhft k|fKt x'g
cfpF5 ;f]xL ldltnfO{ g} P]gsf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu b/vf:t
k/]sf] ldlt dflgg]5 .

*=
;j]{If0f cg'dltkq lbg] M -!_ lgod $, % jf ^ adf]lhd k/]sf b/vf:tdWo] b]xfosf
kl/of]hgf ;DaGwL b/vf:tsf] xsdf dxflgb]{zsn] lgod & adf]lhd cfjZos hfF ra'em
u/L cg'dltkq lbg dgfl;a b]v]df b/vf:tjfnfsf] dfu cg';f/ jf cfjZos eP
;+zf]wg ;d]t u/L ljB'tsf] pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0fsf] ;j]{If0f cg'dltkq lbg'
kg]{5 M–
-s_
hnfzoo'Qm jf ax'p2]ZoLo afx]ssf Ps ;o d]ufj6;Ddsf hnljB't
pTkfbg,

-v_
;f}o{ zlQm, jfo' zlQm, afof]df; / kmf]xf]/af6 ul/g] ljB't pTkfbg,
-u_
ljB't k|;f/0f,
rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
4
www.lawcommission.gov.np
-3_
ljB't ljt/0f .
-@_ lgod $ adf]lhd k/]sf b/vf:tdWo] pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -s_ / -v_ df
plNnlvt kl/of]hgf ;DaGwL b/vf:t afx]s cGo b/vf:tsf] xsdf dxflgb]{szn] lgod
& adf]lhd hfFra'em u/L l;kmfl/; ;lxt ;lrj ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ ;lrjn] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf kl/of]hgf ;DaGwdf ljB'tsf]
;j]{If0f cgdltkq lbg dgfl;a b]v]df b/vf:tjfnfsf] dfu cg';f/ jf cfjZos eP
;+zf]wg ;d]t u/L cg'dltkq lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -!_ / -#_ adf]lhd lbOg] ljB'tsf] pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0fsf]
;j]{If0f cg'dltkqsf] 9fFrf qmdzM cg';"rL–%-s_, cg';"rL–%-v_ / cg';"rL–%-u_
adf]lhd x'g]5 .

(=
Ps} k6s ;j]{If0f cg'dltkq k|bfg ug{ ;lsg] M Pp6} kl/of]hgf;+Fu ;DalGwt ljB'tsf]
pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0fsf] ;j]{If0f ug{ rfxg] s' g} JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfn] lgod
$, % jf ^ adf]lhdsf ;a} ljj/0fx? v'nfO{ Ps} k6s b/vf:t lbPdf ljB'tsf] pTkfbg,
k|;f/0f jf ljt/0fsf] ;j]{If0fsf nflu lgod * adf]lhd Ps} k6s cg'dltkq lbg
;lsg]5 .
!)=
;j]{If0f k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{kg]{ M lgod * jf ( adf]lhd cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] cfkm"n]
u/]sf] ;j]{If0fsf] sfd ;s]sf] tL; lbgleq tLg k|lt k|ltj]bg ljB't ljsf; ljefu
;dIf k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
!!=
bf]x/f] kg]{ u/L ;j]{If0f cg'dltkq glbOg] M lgod * jf ( adf]lhd lbOPsf] ;j]{If0f
cg'dltkqdf pNn]lvt cjlwe/ ;f]xL If]qdf ;f]xL sfdsf] ;j]{If0f ug{ kfpg] u/L cGo
s'g} JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfnfO{ bf]x/f] kg]{ u/L cg'dltkq k|bfg ul/g] 5}g .
!@=
ljB't pTkfbgsf] cg'dltkqsf] nflu b/vf:t lbg] M ljB't pTkfbg ug{ rfxg] JolQm
jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfn] cg';"rL–^ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf k|:tfljt ljB't pTkfbg kl/of]hgf;Fu
;DalGwt b]xfosf ljj/0fx? v'nfO{ tLg k|lt b/vf:t kmf/fd dxflgb]{zs ;dIf lbg'
kg]{5 M–
-s_
kl/of]hgfsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f -h;df kl/of]hgf :ynsf] gSzf, pTkfbg
ul/g] ljB'tsf] ;|f]t, kl/of]hgf ;DkGg ug{ nfUg] cg'dflgt ;do, nfut,
kl/of]hgfsf] ;xefuLx?sf] gfd / ltgLx?sf] ;+nUgtfsf] lsl;d,

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
5
www.lawcommission.gov.np
kl/of]hgfdf clGtd :jfldTj /xg] JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yf tyf To:tf]
;+:yfsf ;+rfnsx?sf] gfd, y/ / jtg ;d]t :ki6 ?kdf v'nfpg' k5{_,
-v_
ljB't pTkfbg ug{ vlgh OGwgsf] k|of]u ug]{ eP k|of]u ul/g] OGwgsf]
lsl;d, To;sf] cfk"lt{ ug]{ tl/sf / ;~ro k|0ffnL tyf ;f] ;DaGwL
;D´f}tf jf cfzo kq tyf tt\;DaGwL cGo s'g} sfuhkq eP ;f] ;d]t
k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-u_
;DefJotfsf] ljZn]if0f -kl/of]hgfsf] lj:t[t gSzf ;lxtsf] k|fljlws
ljj/0f tyf cfly{s ljZn]if0f, u|fxs tyf pkef]Qmfx?sf] ljj/0f, laqmL
x'g ;Sg] ljB'tsf] cg'dflgt kl/df0f, ljB't cfk"lt{df k|of]u ul/g] cGo
JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfx?sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] k|;f/0f tyf ljt/0f
k|0ffnL eP ;f] sf] ljj/0f_,
-3_
ljlQo Joj:yf -kl/of]hgfsf] cg'dflgt ljlQo Joj:yf kl/of]hgfsf
nufgLstf{x?sf] cfly{s x}l;ot, kl/of]hgfdf k|ToIf ?kn] ;xefuL x'g]
ljlQo ;+:yfx?sf] k|ltj4tf / nufgLstf{x?sf] bfloTj tyf z]o/–k'FhL /
C0fsf] k|ltzt_,
-ª_
3/hUufsf] pkof]u jf k|flKt -kl/of]hgfsf] nflu :yfoL jf c:yfoL
ta/af6 pkof]u jf k|flKtsf] nflu rflxg] cfjZos ;/sf/L jf u}/
;/sf/L hUufsf] s'n If]qkmn / hUufwgLx?sf] nut_,
-r_
jftfj/0fLo k|efj ljZn]if0f -kl/of]hgfn] jftfj/0fdf kfg]{ pNn]vgLo
k|lts"n c;/nfO{ Go"gtd ug{ ckgfOg] pkfox?, kl/of]hgfn] To;
If]qdf kfg{ ;Sg] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s k|efjsf] cltl/Qm ljBdfg
:yfgLo >d tyf ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] pkof]u, kl/of]hgf k"/f ePkl5 To;
If]qsf JolQmx?n] kfpg] nfe, lgdf{0f tyf ;+rfng ;Def/ ;DaGwdf
:yfgLo hgtfnfO{ lbOg] tflnd, lgdf{0f lzlj/sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{
;'ljwfx?, ;'/IffTds Joj:yfx? tyf kl/of]hgf ;~rfngaf6 ;DalGwt
hUuf wgLx?nfO{ kg{ ;Sg] c;/, lj:yflkt x'g] hg;+ Vofsf] nut /
ltgLx?sf] k'gjf{;sf] nflu ckgfOg] cfjZos Joj:yf ;d]t :ki6 ?kdf
v'nfpg' k5{_,
6
www.lawcommission.gov.np
-5_
ljB't zlQm vl/b laqmL ;DaGwL ljj/0f -kl/of]hgfaf6 pTkfbg x'g]
ljB't zlQm vl/b laqmL ;DaGwL ;D´f}tf jf cfzo kq tyf tt\;DaGwL
cGo s'g} sfuhkq eP ;f] ;d]t ;+nUg ug'{ k5{_,
-h_
kl/of]hgfaf6 pTkflbt ljB't k|;f/0f ug]{ Joj:yf ;DaGwL ljj/0f,
-´_
OGwg cfk"lt{, 9'jfgL tyf ;~ro ;DaGwL ljj/0f -kl/of]hgfsf] nflu
cfjZos kg]{ ljB't tyf cGo OGwgsf] cfk"lt{, 9'jfgL jf ;~rosf]
;DaGwdf ePsf] ;D´f}tf jf cfzo kq tyf tt\;DaGwL cGo s'g}
sfuhkq eP ;f] ;d]t ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5_,
-`_
!#=
cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
ljB't k|;f/0fsf] cg'dltkqsf] nflu b/vf:t lbg] M ljB'tsf] k|;f/0f ug{ rfxg] JolQm
jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfn] cg';"rL–& adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf k|:tfljt ljB't k|;f/0f kl/of]hgf;Fu
;DalGwt b]xfosf ljj/0fx? v'nfO{ tLg k|lt b/vf:t kmf/fd dxflgb]{zs ;dIf lbg'
kg]{5 M–
-s_
kl/of]hgfsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f -h;df k|;f/0f ul/g] ljB'tsf] ;|f]t,
kl/of]hgf ;DkGg ug{ nfUg] cg'dflgt ;do / nfut, kl/of]hgfsf]
;xefuLx?sf] gfd / ltgLxsf] ;+nUgtfsf] lsl;d, kl/of]hgfdf clGtd
:jfldTj /xg] JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yf tyf To:tf] ;+:yfsf ;+rfnsx?sf]
gfd, y/ / jtg ;d]t :ki6 ?kdf v'nfpg' k5{_,
-v_
k|;f/0f nfOg / k|;f/0fsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;j–:6]zgx? ;d]t ePsf]
?6–gSzf, cfjZos kg]{ /fO{6–ckm–j] / l;ª\un nfOg 8fou|fd,
-u_
k|;f/0f ef]N6]hsf] :t/, k|;f/0f Ifdtf, lgdf{0fsf] u'0f:t/, tf/sf] ;fO{h
/ cfk;sf b"/L, n6\7f tyf OG;"n]6/sf] lsl;d / lgdf{0f ;DaGwL lj:t[t
gSzf,
-3_
;DefJotfsf] ljZn]if0f -kl/of]hgfsf] k|fljlws ljj/0f tyf cfly{s
ljZn]if0f, Psd'i6 k|;f/0f u/L cfk"lt{ ug]{ ePdf u|fxs tyf
pkef]Qmfx?sf] ljj/0f, laqmL x'g ;Sg] ljB'tsf] cg'dflgt kl/df0f Pj+
ljB't cfk"lt{df k|of]u ul/g] cGo JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfx?sf]
:jfldTjdf /x]sf] k|;f/0f tyf ljt/0f k|0ffnL eP ;f] sf] ljj/0f_,
-ª_
ljlQo Joj:yf -kl/of]hgfsf] cg'dflgt ljlQo Joj:yf kl/of]hgfsf
nufgLstf{x?sf] cfly{s x}l;ot, kl/of]hgfdf k|ToIf ?kn] ;xefuL x'g]
7
www.lawcommission.gov.np
ljlQo ;+:yfx?sf] k|ltj4tf / nufgLstf{x?sf] bfloTj tyf z]o/–k'FhL /
C0fsf] k|ltzt_,
-r_
3/hUufsf] pkof]u jf k|flKt -kl/of]hgfsf] nflu :yfoL jf c:yfoL
tj/af6 pkof]u jf k|flKtsf] nflu rflxg] cfjZos ;/sf/L jf u}/
;/sf/L hUufsf] s"n If]qkmn / hUuf wgLx?sf] nut_,
-5_
jftfj/0fLo k|efj ljZn]if0f -kl/of]hgfn] jftfj/0fdf kfg]{ pNn]vgLo
k|lts"n c;/nfO{ Go"gtd ug{ ckgfOg] pkfox?, kl/of]hgfn] To; If]qdf
kfg{ ;Sg] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s k|efjsf] cltl/Qm ljBdfg :yfgLo >d
tyf ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] pkof]u, kl/of]hgf k"/f ePkl5 To; If]qsf
JolQmx?n] kfpg] nfe, lgdf{0f tyf ;+rfng ;Def/ ;DaGwdf :yfgLo
hgtfnfO{ lbOg] tflnd, lgdf{0f lzlj/sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;'ljwfx?,
;'/IffTds Joj:yfx? tyf kl/of]hgf ;+rfngaf6 ;DalGwt hUuf
wgLx?nfO{ kg{ ;Sg] c;/, lj:yflkt x'g] hg;+Vofsf] nut / ltgLx?sf]
k'gjf{;sf] nflu ckgfOg] cfjZos Joj:yf ;d]t :ki6 ?kdf v'nfpg'
k5{_,
-h_
ljB't zlQm vl/b laqmL ;DaGwL ljj/0f -kl/of]hgfaf6 k|;f/0f x'g] ljB't
zlQm vl/b laqmL ;DaGwL ;D´f}tf jf cfzo kq tyf tt\;DaGwL cGo
s'g} sfuhkq eP ;f] ;d]t ;+nUg ug'{ k5{_,
-´_
k|;f/0f nfOgsf] 8]9 lsnf]ld6/ If]qleqsf ljB't ;DaGwL cGo ;+/rgfx?
b]lvg] gSzf,
-`_
!$=
cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
ljB't ljt/0fsf] cg'dltkqsf] nflu b/vf:t lbg] M ljB't ljt/0f ug{ rfxg] JolQm jf
;Ël7t ;+:yfn] cg';"rL–* adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf k|:tfljt ljB't ljt/0f kl/of]hgf;Fu
;DalGwt b]xfosf ljj/0fx? v'nfO{ tLg k|lt b/vf:t kmf/fd dxflgb{]s ;dIf lbg'
kg]{5M–
-s_
kl/of]hgfsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f -h;df ljt/0f ul/g] ljB'tsf] ;|f]t,
kl/of]hgf ;DkGg ug{ nfUg] cg'dflgt ;do, nfut, kl/of]hgfsf
;xefuLx?sf] gfd / ltgLx?sf] ;+nUgtfsf] lsl;d, kl/of]hgfdf clGtd
:jfldTj /xg] JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yf tyf To:tf] ;+:yfsf ;+rfnsx?sf]
gfd, y/ jtg ;d]t :ki6 ?kdf v'nfpg k5{ .
8
www.lawcommission.gov.np
-v_
;DefJotfsf] ljZn]if0f, -kl/of]hgfsf] k|fljlws ljj/0f tyf cfly{s
ljZn]if0f, laqmL x'g ;Sg] ljB'tsf] cg'dflgt kl/df0f, ljB't cfk"lt{df
k|of]u ul/g] cGo JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfx?sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] k|;f/0f
tyf ljt/0f k|0ffnL eP ;f] sf] ljj/0f_,
-u_
ljlQo Joj:yf -kl/of]hgfsf] cg'dflgt ljlQo Joj:yf, kl/of]hgfsf
nufgLstf{x?sf] cfly{s x}l;ot, kl/of]hgfdf k|ToIf ?kn] ;xefuL x'g]
ljlQo ;+:yfx?sf] k|ltj4tf / nufgLstf{x?sf] bfloTj tyf z]o/–k'FhL /
C0fsf] k|ltzt_,
-3_
ljt/0f If]qsf] gSzf -To; If]qsf] ef}uf]lns ljj/0f, ljBdfg ljt/0f
k|0ffnL, gofF lgdf{0f ug'{ kg]{ ljt/0f k|0ffnL_,
-ª_
ljt/0f ef]N6]hsf] :t/ tyf lgdf{0fsf] u'0f:t/,
-r_
;]jf k'¥ofOg] u|fxsx?sf] ;+Vof / lsl;d,
-5_
ljB't zlQm vl/b laqmL ;DaGwL ljj/0f -ljt/0f x'g] ljB't zlQm vl/b
laqmL ;DaGwL ;D´f}tf jf cfzo kq tyf tt\;DaGwL cGo s'g}
sfuhkq eP ;f] ;d]t ;+nUg ug'{ k5{_,
-r_
!%=
cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
b/vf:t pk/ hfFra'´ M -!_ lgod !@, !# jf !$ adf]lhd ljB't pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf
ljt/0f ug{ cg'dltkqsf] nflu kg{ cfPsf] b/vf:t pk/ P]g / o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd
k]z ug'{kg]{ cfjZos sfuhft, ljj/0f jf k|ltj]bg k]z u/] gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf
dxflgb]{zsn] cfjZos hfFra'´ ug]{ u/fpg] 5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd hfFra'´ ubf{ b/vf:tjfnfn] b/vf:t ;fy k]z ug'{kg]{
s'g} sfuhft ljj/0f jf k|ltj]bg k]z u/]sf] /x]g5 eg] To:tf] sfuhft, ljj/0f jf
k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ ;DalGwt b/vf:tjfnfnfO{ d'gfl;a dflkmssf] Dofb tf]sL b/vf:t
btf{ ePsf] ldltn] $% lbgleq ;f] s'/fsf] ;"rgf lbg' k5{ .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd s'g} sfuhft ljj/0f jf k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ ljB't
ljsf; ljefun] Dofb tf]sL ;"rgf lbPsf]df h'g ldltdf To:tf] sfuhft k|fKt x'g
cfpF5 ;f]xL ldltnfO{ g} P]gsf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu b/vf:t
k/]sf] ldlt dflgg]5 .
9
www.lawcommission.gov.np
!^=
;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ lgod !@, !# jf !$ adf]lhd ljB't pTkfbg,
k|;f/0f jf ljt/0fsf] cg'dltkqsf] nflu kg{ cfPsf] b/vf:t pk/ lgod !% adf]lhd
cfjZos hfFra'´ u/L tt\\;DaGwL cfjZos ljj/0fx? v'nfO{ ljB't ljsf; ljefun]
;fj{hlgs hfgsf/Lsf] nflu ;"rgf k|sflzt ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;"rgf k|sflzt ePkl5 k|:tfljt ljB't kl/of]hgfsf]
lgdf{0f tyf ;+rfng ubf{ pNn]vgLo k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ ePdf tt\;DaGwL ljj/0fx?
v'nfO{ ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% lbgleq ljB't ljsf; ljefu ;dIf hf];'s}n]
klg k|ltlqmof lbg ;Sg]5g\ .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd s'g} k|ltlqmof k|fKt x'g cfPdf To:tf] k|ltlqmof
;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ u/L ;DalGwt b/vf:tjfnfn] kfng ug'{kg]{ zt{x? cg'dltkqdf pNn]v
ul/g]5 .

!&= cg'dltkq lbg] M -!_ lgod !@, !# jf !$ adf]lhd ljB'tsf] pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf
ljt/0fsf] cg'dltsf] nflu k/]sf b/vf:tdWo] b]xfosf kl/of]hgf ;DaGwL b/vf:tsf]
xsdf dxflgb]{zsn] lgod !% / !^ adf]lhd hfFra'em ;d]t ubf{ cg'dltkq lbg
dgfl;a b]v]df b/vf:tjfnfsf] dfu cg';f/ jf cfjZos eP ;+zf]wg ;d]t u/L ljB't
pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0fsf] cg'dltkq lbg' kg]{5 M–
-s_
hnfzoo'Qm jf ax'p2]ZoLo afx]ssf Ps ;o d]ufjf6 ;Ddsf hnljB't
pTkfbg,
-v_
;f}o{ zlQm, jfo' zlQm, afof]df; / kmf]xf]/af6 ul/g] ljB't pTkfbg,
-u_
ljB't k|;f/0f,
-3_
ljB't ljt/0f .
-@_ lgod !@ adf]lhd k/]sf b/vf:tdWo] pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -s_ / -v_ df
plNnlvt k/of]hgf ;DaGwL b/vf:t afx]s cGo b/vf:tsf] xsdf dxflgb]{zsn] lgod
!% / !^ adf]lhd hfFra'em ;d]t u/L l;kmfl/; ;lxt ;lrj ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ ;lrjn] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf kl/of]hgf ;DaGwdf ljB'tsf]
pTkfbgsf] cg'dlt lbg dgfl;a b]v]df b/vf:tjfnfsf] dfu cg';f/ jf cfjZos eP
;+zf]wg ;d]t u/L cg'dltkq lbg' kg]{5 .

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
10
www.lawcommission.gov.np
-$_ pklgod -!_ / -#_ adf]lhd lbOg] ljB'tsf] pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0fsf]
cg'dltkqsf] 9fFrf qmdzM cg';"rL–(-s_, cg';"rL–(-v_ / cg';"rL–(-u_ adf]lhd x'g]5 .

!*= Ps} k6s ljB'tsf] pTkfbg, k|;f/0f tyf ljt/0f cg'dltkq lbg ;lsg] M Pp6}
kl/of]hgf;Fu ;DalGwt ljB'tsf] pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0f ug{ rfxg] s'g} JolQm jf
;Ël7t ;+:yfn] lgod !@, !# / !$ adf]lhdsf ;a} ljj/0fx? v'nfO{ Ps} k6s b/vf:t
lbPdf ljB'tsf] pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0fsf] nflu lgod !& adf]lhd Ps} k6s
cg'dltkq lbg ;lsg]5 .
!(=
;j]{If0fsf] cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmnfO{ pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0fsf] cg'dltkq k|bfg
ul/g] M ljB't pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0f dWo] s'g} Ps jf ;a} sfdsf] ;j]{If0f ug{
lgod * jf ( adf]lhd cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] cfkm"n] u/]sf] ;j]{If0f adf]lhdsf]
ljB't pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0f ;DaGwL lgdf{0f, ;+rfng tyf ;Def/ sfo{sf] nflu
klg ;j]{If0f cg'dltkqsf] Dofbleq} lgod !@, !# / !$ adf]lhdsf ljj/0fx? v'nfO{
b/vf:t lbPdf o; lgodfjnLsf] cGo Joj:yfx?sf] cwLgdf /xL b/vf:tjfnfnfO{
To:tf] cg'dltkq lbOg]5 .
@)=
hn;|f]t dfly clwsf/ sfod x'g] M o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd hnljB't pTkfbgsf]
cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmnfO{ cg'dltkqdf pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] sfdsf] nflu ;f]xL
cg'dltkqdf tf]lsPsf] :yfg / kl/df0f;Ddsf] hn;|f]tsf] pkof]u ug]{ clwsf/ k|fKt
x'g]5 .
@!=
sfo{ z'? ug'{ kg]{ cjlw M -!_ o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn]
cg'dltkqdf pNn]lvt sfo{ cg'dltkq k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] ;j]{If0fsf] xsdf tLg dlxgf
leq / pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0fsf] xsdf Ps jif{ leq ef}lts ?kdf sfo{ z'? u/L
;f] sf] hfgsf/L ljB't ljsf; ljefunfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ Dofb leq sfo{ z'? ug{ g;s]sf] sf/0f vf]nL cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] lgj]bg
lbPdf To:tf] sf/0f, plrt / oy]i6 b]v]df Dofb yk ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ z'? ePkl5 ;f] sfo{ ;DkGg geP;Dd k|To]s
^ dlxgfdf ePsf] sfdsf] k|ult ljj/0f ljB't ljsf; ljefunfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
@@=
gofF cg'dltkq lng' kg]{ M -!_ P]g k|f/De x'g' cufj} ljB'tsf] pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf
ljt/0f ul//x]sf] JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfn] klg lgod !@, !# jf !$ df pNn]lvt

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
11
www.lawcommission.gov.np
ljj/0fx? v'nfO{ P]gsf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd dxflgb{]zs ;dIf cg'dltkqsf]
nflu b/vf:t lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k/]sf] b/vf:t pk/ dxflgb]{zsn] cfjZos hfFra'´
u/L u/fO{ b/vf:tjfnfnfO{ cg';"rL–!) adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf cg'dltkq lbg' kg]{5 .
@#=
ljB't cfoftsf] :jLs[ltM -!_ o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd ljB'tsf] pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf
ljt/0fsf] cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] g]kfn

============leq ljB't cfoft ug{ rfx]df
tt\;DaGwdf ePsf] ;D´f}tfsf] ljj/0f ;+nUg u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"j{ :jLs[ltsf] nflu
ljB't ljsf; ljefudf b/vf:t lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lbOg] b/vf:tdf ljB't cfoft ug]{ d'n'ssf] gfd,
cfoft ul/g] ljB'tsf] ef]N6]hsf] :t/, kl/df0f, ljt/0f jf k|;f/0f ug]{ If]q, ljB't
cfoft ug]{ cjlw tyf cGo cfjZos s'/fx? v'nfpg' k5{ .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kg{ cfPsf] b/vf:t pk/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos
hfFra'´ u/L b/vf:tjfnfsf] dfu adf]lhd jf cfjZos eP ;+zf]wg ;d]t u/L
b/vf:tjfnfnfO{ ljB't cfoft ug{ :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5 .

@$= cg'dltkq b:t'/M -!_ o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd ;j]{If0f cg'dltkqsf nflu b/vf:t lbFbf
cg';"rL –!! df tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ a/fa/sf] /sd ljB't ljsf; ljefusf gfddf /x]sf] w/f}6L
vftfdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ ljB't pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0fsf] cg'dltkqsf nflu b/vf:t lbFbf cg';"rL–
!! df tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ ljB't ljsf; ljefudf a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd b/vf:t lbPsf JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfn] P]gsf] bkmf $
sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;j]{If0f cg'dltkq k|fKt u/]df lghn] /fv]sf] w/f}6L /sd
cg'dltkq b:t'/ afkt ljB't ljsf; ljefun] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] /fh:j vftfdf bflvnf ug'{
kg]{5 .
t/ cg'dltkq lbg g;lsg] ePdf To:tf] w/f}6L /sd lghnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ P]gsf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;j]{If0f cg'dltkq lbg] lg0f{o ePsf]df
;f]sf] hfgsf/L kfPsf] ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq b/vf:tjfnf cg'dltkq lng gcfPdf
pklgod -!_ adf]lhd /fv]sf] w/f}6L /sd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] /fh:j vftfdf bflvnf ug'{
kg]{5 .


t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
12
www.lawcommission.gov.np
t/ of] lgod g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sfzg ePsf] ldlt;Dd hDdf ePsf] w/f}6L /sd of]
lgod g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sfzg ePsf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQm jf
;Ël7t;+:yfn] cg'dltkq glnPdf lghn] /fv]sf] w/f}6L /sd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] /fh:j
vftfdf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 .
@%=
cg'dltkq gljs/0f ug]{M -!_ P]g tyf o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd k|bfg ul/Psf]
cg'dltkqdf pNn]lvt cjlw ;dfKt x'g' Ps jif{ cufj} cg'dltkqsf] gljs/0f ug'{
kg]{5 .
-@_ P]gsf] bkmf % sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd cg'dltkq gljs/0f u/fpFbf
cg';"rL–!! df tf]lsPsf]
@^=

=============b:t'/ nfUg]5 .
/f]oN6Lsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu o'lg6 -lsnf]jf6 306f_ sf] u0fgfM P]gsf] bkmf !! adf]lhd
/f]oN6Lsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu o'lg6 -lsnf]jf6 306f_ u0fgf ubf{ ljB't u[xaf6 pTkflbt
s'n ljB't dWo] ;f]xL ljB't u[x ;+rfngsf] nflu k|of]u x'g] ljB'tsf] kl/df0f s§f u/L
afFsL x'g cfpg] ljB'tsf] kl/df0fsf] u0fgf ul/g]5 .
@&=
lgof{t s/ M P]gsf] bkmf @@ sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ljB't lgof{t u/]jfkt ltg'{kg]{
lgof{t s/ ;f]xL bkmfsf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu ePsf] ;D´f}tfdf
lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b –#
ljB'tsf] ljt/s tyf u|fxsx?n] kfng ug'{ kg]{ s'/fx?
@*=
ljB't nfOg h8fg ug{ b/vf:t lbg' kg]{ M -!_ cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] ljt/0f ug]{
ljB't zlQmsf] pkef]u ug{ rfxg] JolQmn] lghsf] sfof{nodf lghn] tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf
b/vf:t lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd b/vf:t kg{ cfPdf cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn]
b/vf:tjfnfsf] jfol/Ë hfFr u/fpg nufO{ k|fljlws tyf ;'/IffTds b[li6sf]0fn] l7s
b]lvPdf ljB't nfOg pknAw u/fpg] cfjZos k|aGw ldnfpg' k5{ / jfol/Ë l7s
gb]lvPdf ;f] ;'wf/ ug{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd hfFr ePkl5 ljB't nfOg pknAw u/fpg] ljifodf
cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQm / u|fxssf] aLrdf ljjfb p7\g uPdf ;DalGwt kIfn] k|d'v
ljB't lg/LIfs ;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . To:tf] lgj]bg pk/ lg/LIfsn] hfFra'´ u/L

klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
13
www.lawcommission.gov.np
cfjZos cfb]z lbg]5 / To:tf] cfb]zsf] kfng ug'{ cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQm / u|fxs
b'a}sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-$_ b/vf:tjfnfnfO{ ljB't nfOg k|bfg ug]{ ;"'rgf lbg'eGbf cufj} cg'dltkq
k|fKt JolQmn] u|fxs x'g OR5's JolQm;Fu ljB't nfOg n}hfg] tyf phf{ dfks oGq /fVg]
;DaGwdf 5nkmn u/L pko'Qm 7fpFsf] lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] u|fxsnfO{ ljB't nfOg h8fg u/L lbFbf / cfkmgf]
tkm{af6 ;fdfg h8fg ubf{ nfUg] vr{ ;d]t v'nfOPsf] nut Oli6d]6sf] k|lt u|fxs x'g
OR5's JolQmnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-^_ u|fxs x'g OR5's JolQmn] pklgod -%_ adf]lhd k|fKt ePsf] nut
Oli6d]6sf] ;fydf nfUg] /sd cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmsf] sfof{nodf a'´fPkl5 ljB't
nfOg h8fg ul/g]5 / To:tf] ljB't nfOg pk/ cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmsf] lgoGq0fdf
/xg]5 .
@(=
cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] phf{dfks oGq h8fg u/L lbg' kg]{ M -!_ u|fxs sxfF ljB't
zlQmsf] vktsf] gfk ug{ cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] cfkmgf] tkm{af6 phf{dfks oGq /fvL
;f] jfkt d'gfl;a dflkmssf] w/f}6L lng ;Sg]5 .
-@_ u|fxs sxfF ljB't nfOg axfn g/x]df pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lnOPsf]
w/f}6L To:tf] u|fxsnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljz]if kl/l:yltdf jf
;/nLs/0fsf] nflu ljB't pkef]u ug]{ u|fxs tyf cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQm aLr cfk;L
;d´bf/L ePdf phf{dfks oGq g/flvsg klg cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] ljB't ljt/0f
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] u|fxs sxfF /flvPsf] phf{dfks oGq ;do
;dodf k|fljlws hfFr u/fpg' kg]{5 / ;+rfngsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ phf{dfks oGq lau|]sf]
b]vPdf lagf d"No csf]{ km]/L lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ u|fxsn] hfgL hfgL jf lghsf] nfk/jfxLsf] sf/0faf6 phf{dfks oGq
lau|]df jf rf]/L ePdf cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] u|fxs;Fu ;f] jfktsf] df]n lnO{ gofF
phf{dfks oGq h8fg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ phf{dfks oGq lau|]sf] jf ;fwf/0ftM 3'Dg' kg]{ eGbf a9L 3'd]sf] egL
u|fxsn] b/vf:t lbPdf cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] o:tf] phf{dfks oGq a9Ldf !%
lbgleq hfFRg nufpg' kg]{5 .
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-^_ pklgod -%_ adf]lhd hfFr ubf{ phf{dfks oGq ;fwf/0ftM 3'Dg' kg]{ eGbf
a9L 3'd]sf] b]lvPdf cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] lagf d"Nodf dd{t ;'wf/ jf csf]{ km]/L
lbg' kg]{5 .
-&_ u|fxssf] bfjL cg';f/ phf{dfks oGq lau|L jf a9L 3'dL lghnfO{
gf]S;fg k/]sf] b]lvPdf u|fxsn] lgj]bg lbPsf] ldlt eGbf Ps dlxgf cufl8;Ddsf]
gf]S;fgLsf] k"lt{ cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] k|To]s dlxgfsf] ljB't vkt / ;f] jfkt nfUg]
b:t'/ lt/]sf] ;d]t b]lvg] u/L u|fxsnfO{ Ps sf8{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-(_ cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] u|fxssf] 3/ hUufdf h8fg ug]{ phf{dfks oGq
tyf tt\;DaGwL cGo dfn;fdfgdf cfjZos ;+Vofdf l;n nufpg ;Sg]5 .
-!)_ pklgod -(_ adf]lhd nufOPsf] l;n cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQm jf lghn]
;6fPsf] JolQmn] afx]s c? s;}n] laufg{, km]g{ jf s'g} k|sf/n] gi6 ug{ x'Fb}g .
-!!_ s'g} u|fxs sxfF cufl8 h8fg e};s]sf] ljB't nfOg tyf phf{dfks oGq
kfPs kbf]{ cGo 7fpFdf u|fxsn] ;fg{ rfx]df lgod #$ adf]lhdsf] b:t'/ lnO{ cg'dltkq
k|fKt JolQmn] u|fxssf] ljB't nfOg tyf phf{dfks oGq ;fg{ kg]{5 .
-!@_ u|fxsn] cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmsf] ljB't nfOg, phf{dfks oGq, s6–
cfp6 jf ;ls{6a|]s/ laufg'{ x'Fb}g .
#)=
u|fxssf] ljj/0f tyf ;"rL tof/ ug]{ M -!_ cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] u|fxsnfO{ ljB't
nfO{g pknAw u/fpg] ;DaGwdf tof/ kf/]sf] ljj/0f ;'/lIft ;fy /fVg' kg]{5 /
lg/LIfsn] cfkmgf] hfFra'´sf] l;nl;nfdf pQm ljj/0f x]g{ rfx]df b]vfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] cfkm"n] ljB't ljt/0f u/]sf] If]qleq ljB't pkef]u
u/L /x]sf u|fxsx?sf] tyf gofF u|fxs x'g rfxg] JolQmx?sf] ;"rL cBfjlws ?kdf
tof/ u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
#!=
c?nfO{ ljB'tsf] nfOg lbg gx'g] M u|fxsn] cfˆgf] phf{dfks oGqaf6 c?sf] 3/df
ljB't nfO{g lbg x'Fb}g .
#@=
;8s jf ;fj{hlgs :yfgsf] alQ ;D´f}tf adf]lhd x'g] M ;8s jf ;fj{hlgs :yfgdf
h8fg ePsf] lah'nL alQsf] dx;'n, dd{t tyf ;Def/ jfkt nfUg] vr{ ;f] lah'nL aQL
h8fg u/fpg] u|fxs / cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmsf] aLrdf ePsf] ;D´f}tf adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
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##=
dx;'n tyf cGo b:t'/ a'´fpg' kg]{ M -!_ ljB't ;]jf pkef]u u/] jfkt P]gsf] bkmf
!& cg';f/ ul7t dx;'n lgwf{/0f cfof]un] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ljB't dx;'n tyf cGo b:t'/
a'´fpg'' k|To]s u|fxssf] bfloTj x'g]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] dx;'n a'´fpg' kg]{ Dofb cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn]
lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 . o;/L Dofb lgwf{/0f ubf{ lgwf{l/t ;do eGbf cufl8 dx;'n
a'´fpg] u|fxsn]] kfpg ;Sg] 5'6 / lgwf{l/t ;do leq dx;'n ga'´fpg] u|fxsn] ltg'{kg]{
cltl/Qm dx;'n b/ ;d]t :ki6 ?kdf v'nfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
#$=
cGo b:t'/M cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] ljB't ;]jf pknAw u/fP jfkt To:tf] ;]jf
pknAw ug]{ JolQm;Fu ljB't dx;'nsf] cltl/Qm P]gsf] bkmf !^ sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd
b]xfosf] ;]jf jfkt cGo b:t'/ c;"n pk/ ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
#%=
-s_
ljB't nfOg h8fg ubf{,
-v_
Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf phf{ dfks oGq ;fbf{,
-u_
Ps k6s h8fg ePsf] ljB't nfOg sf6L k'gM ljB't nfO{g h8fg ubf{,
-3_
phf{dfks oGq /x]sf] afs; leqsf] ˆo"h abNbf,
-ª_
l;n 6'6]sf]df gofF l;n nufpFbf,
-r_
u|fxssf] gfd;f/L ubf{,
-5_
phf{dfks oGq hfFr ubf{,
-h_
u|fxs sf8{ pknAw u/fpFbf .
phf{dfks oGq /fVg' kg]{ M !))) lsnf]jf6 eGbf a9L ljB't zlQm pTkfbg ug]{
cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] clgjfo{ ?kn] phf{dfks oGq /fVg' kg]{5 .
#^=
ljB"t kl/ky -;ls{6_ sf] l8hfOg tyf lgdf{0f af/] M ljB't pTkfbg s]Gb| jf d'Vo ;j–
:6]zgaf6 ;a}eGbf 6f9f;Ddsf] ljt/0f kl/jt{s oGq;Ddsf] nfO{g l8hfOg tyf lgdf{0f
ubf{ kl/jt{s oGqaf6 k7fpg' kg]{ ef]N6]h :t/o'Qm x'g] lsl;daf6 ljB't kl/ky -;ls{6_
sf] k|fljlws gf]S;fgL dfly ;d]t ljrf/ k'¥ofO{ l8hfOg tyf lgdf{0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
#&=
vt/f pTkGg ePdf ;"r gf lbg' kg]{ M u|fxs sxfF h8fg ul/Psf] ljB'taf6 vt/f
pTkGg ePdf jf x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvPdf u|fxsn] cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmsf] sfof{nodf
oyfzL3| ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
#*=
ljB't nfOgsf] hfFra'´ tyf dd{t M -!_ lgod #& adf]lhd ;"rgf k|fKt ePdf
cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] oyfzL3| k|fljlws v6fO{ vt/f lgjf/0f ug]{ sfo{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
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-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf k|fKt geP klg cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn]
cfkm"n] ljB't ljt/0f u/]sf] If]qleqsf] u|fxssxfF h8fg ePsf] ljB't nfOgsf] ;do
;dodf ljB't k|fljlwsaf6 hfFra'´ tyf dd{t ug{ nufO{ ;'/IffTds Joj:yf sfod
u/fpg' kg]{5 .
#(=
k'gM ljB't nfO{g lbg] M P]gsf] bkmf !( sf] v08 -u_ jf -3_ adf]lhd ljB't ;]jf aGb
ul/Psf]df cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] /sd u|fxsn] a'´fPdf k'gM ljB't
nfO{g lbOg]5 .
kl/R5]b –$
ljB'tsf] ef]N6, lk|mSj]G;L tyf kfj/ ˆofS6/
$)=
;KnfO{ ef]N6]h M -!_ ;KnfO{ ef]N6]hsf] :t/ b]xfo adf]lhd sfod ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_
;fwf/0f u|fxssf] nflu ljB't ;]jf P=;L= l;Fun km]hdf @#) ef]N6 /
y|L km]hdf $)) ef]N6 .
-v_
P=;L= y|L km]h rf/ tf/df ;KnfO{ rfxg]nfO{ @#)÷$)) ef]N6 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -s_ / -v_ df pNn]lvt ef]N6sf] :t/df % k|ltzt
eGbf 36L jf a9L ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
$!=
xfO{ ef]N6]h ljt/0f k|0ffnLM -!_ xfO{ ef]N6]h ljt/0f k|0ffnLdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ef]N6]h
:t/ sfod ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_
#,#)) ef]N6,
-v_
^,^)) ef]N6,
-u_
!!,))) ef]N6,
-3_
@@,))) ef]N6, /
-ª_
##,))) ef]N6 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -s_ b]lv -ª_ ;Dd pNn]lvt ef]N6sf] :t/df %
k|ltzt eGbf 36L jf a9L ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
$@=
xfO{ ef]N6]h k|;f/0f k|0ffnL M xfO{ ef]N6]h k|;f/0f k|0ffnLdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ef]N6]h
:t/ sfod ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_
##,))) ef]N6,
-v_
^^,))) ef]N6,
-u_
!#@,))) ef]N6,
-3_
@,@),))) ef]N6, /
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-ª_
$,)),))) ef]N6 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -s_ b]lv -ª_ ;Dd pNn]lvt ef]N6sf] :t/df !)
k|ltzt eGbf 36L jf a9L ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
$#=
lk|mSj]G;L M -!_ lk|mSj]G;Lsf] :t/ %) ;fOsn k|lt ;]s]08 %) xif{ sfod ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd sfod ul/Psf] lk|mSj]G;Lsf] :t/df @=% k|ltzt eGbf
36L jf a9L ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
$$=
kfj/ ˆofS6/ M kfj/ ˆofS6/sf] :t/ b]xfo adf]lhd sfod ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_
u|fxssxfF ;KnfO{ u/]sf] ljB'tsf] kfj/ ˆofS6/ )=* NofluË eGbf 36L
jf Ps OsfO{ eGbf a9L lnl8∙ x'g lbg' x'Fb}g .
-v_
ljB't k|;f/0f tyf ljt/0f k|0ffnLdf kfj/ ˆofS6/ v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf]
:t/leq /fVgsf] nflu ;'xfpFbf] ;fwgsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
-u_
u|fxssf] ljB't ;DaGwL kfj/ ˆofS6/ v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] :t/ cg';f/
gePdf cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] To:tf] u|fxsnfO{ ;'xfpFbf] vfnsf] ;fwg
/fVg nufpg ;Sg]5 .
$%=
ljB't ;DaGwL ljleGg :t/sf] gfk ug]{ OsfO{ M ljB't ;DaGwL ljleGg :t/sf] gfk ug]{
OsfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd sfod ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_
s/]G6sf] gfk ubf{ ldnL PDkLo/, PDkLo/ jf lsnf] PDkLo/df,
-v_
ef]N6sf] gfk ubf{ ldnL ef]N6, ef]N6 jf lsnf] ef]N6df,
-u_
/]lhi6fG;sf] gfk ubf{ cf]xd, lsnf]cf]xd jf d]uf cf]xddf,
-3_
OG8s6foG;sf] gfk ubf{ x]g/L, ldnL x]g/L jf lsnf] x]g/Ldf,
-ª_
Sofkfl;6foG;sf] gfk ubf{ dfOsf] ˆof/f8, ldnL ˆof/f8 jf ˆof/f8df,
-r_
zlQmsf] gfk ubf{ jf6, lsnf]jf6 jf d]ufjf6df,
-5_
phf{sf] gfk ubf{ lsnf]jf6 306f, d]ufjf6 306f, luufjf6 306fdf,
-h_
ef]N6 PDkLo/sf] gfk ubf{ eL= P=, s]= eL= P= jf Pd= le= P= df,
-´_
l/cfS6Le zlQmsf] gfk ubf{ le=P=cf/=, s]=le=P=cf/= jf Pd=le=P=cf/=
df .
$^=
:t/ sfod ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] ljB't pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0f
ubf{ ljB'tsf] ef]N6]h, lk|mSj]G;L tyf kfj/ ˆofS6/ o; kl/R5]bdf pNn]v ePsf] :t/df
ug'{ kg]{5 .
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-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] gb]lvPdf To:tf] k|0ffnLdf ;'wf/ ug{
lg/LIfsn] ;DalGwt k|lti7fgsf] cj:yf ljrf/ u/L cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmnfO{ cfjZos
Dofb lbg]5 / ;f] Dofb leq ljB't k|0ffnLnfO{ l7s t'Nofpg' cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmsf]
st{Jo x'g]5 .
$&=
xb yk36 ug{ ;Sg] M g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L o;
kl/R5]bdf pNn]lvt ljB'tsf] ef]N6, lk|mSj]G;L tyf kfj/ kmfS6/sf :t/sf] xbx?
k|fljlws b[li6sf]0fn] vt/f gk'Ug] u/L yk36 ug{ ;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b –%
ljBt' pks/0fx?sf] ;'/IffTds Joj:yf
$*=
e'OFb]lv ljh'nLsf] tf/;Dd x'g' kg]{ Go"gtd b'/ L M -!_ ljB't ljt/0f tyf k|;f/0f
k|0fnLsf] ljleGg ef]N6sf] ljB't tf/ tyf e'OFsf] aLrdf /xg] b"/L cg';"rL –!@ df
n]lvPsf] eGbf sd x'g' xFb}g .
-@_ ;8s dfly tyf ;8ssf] 5]pdf ljB't nfOg n}hfg' k/]df pko'Qm k|fljlws
b[li6sf]0f ckgfO{ n}hfg' kg]{5 .
-#_ ##,))) ef]N6 eGbf a9L ef]N6sf] nfOg n}hfg' cfjZos ePdf cg';"rL –!@
df pNn]lvt ##,))) ef]N6sf] nflu tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd b"/Ldf k|To]s ##,))) ef]N6sf]
nflu yk )=#)% ld6/sf] b"/Ldf n}hfg' k5{ .
$(=
;8ssf] jf/kf/ ljB't nfOg n}hfg] ;DaGwdf M 3gfj:tL ePsf] 7fpFdf !!,))) ef]N6
eGbf a9L Ifdtfsf] ljB't nfOg ;8ssf] jf/kf/ ug'{ kbf{ 8an OG;'n]6/ k|0ffnLsf]
k|of]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
%)=
ljB't nfOgsf] bfofF afofF x'g' kg]{ km/s M -!_ ljB't k|;f/0f tyf ljt/0fsf] nfOg
n}hf'g kbf{ 3/ jf ?vaf6 cg';"rL –!# df pNn]lvt b"/LeGbf sd b"/Ldf n}hfg' x'Fb}g .
-@_ ##,))) ef]N6 eGbf a9L ef]N6sf] nfOg n}hfg' cfjZos ePdf cg';"rL –!#
df pNn]lvt ##,))) ef]N6sf] nflu tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd b"/Ldf k|To]s ##,))) ef]N6sf]
nflu )=#)% ld6/ yk u/L n}hfg' kg]{5 .
%!=
ljB't n6\7fx?sf] aLrdf x'g' kg]{ km/s M ljB't n6\7fx?sf] Ps csf]{ aLrsf] b"/L
sfod ubf{ lah'nLsf] tf/sf] clGtd 6]g;fOn :6«]Gy, ˆofS6/ ckm ;]ˆ6L tyf e'OFaf6
tf/;Dd x'g] b"/L ;d]t ljrf/ u/L n6\7f uf8\g' kg]{5 .
%!=
3/ dflyaf6 lah'nL nfOg n}hfg gx'g] M 3/ dflyaf6 s'g} lsl;dsf] ljB't nfOg
n}hfg' x'Fb}g .
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t/ Uof/]h 6x/f jf kvf{n dflyaf6 ljB' t nfOg n}hfg cfjZos k/]df
$))÷@#) ef]N6;Ddsf] nfOg n}hfg ;lsg]5 . o;/L nluPsf] ljB't nfOg Uof/]h,
6x/f jf kvf{nsf] ;a}eGbf cUnf] 7fpFaf6 sDtLdf # ld6/sf] b"/Ldf kg]{ u/L n}hfg'
kg]{5 .
%#=
Pp6} n6\7faf6 ljleGg ef]N6]hsf] nfOg n}hfg] ;DaGwdf M -!_ Pp6} n6\7faf6 ljleGg
ef]N6]hsf] nfOgx? n}hfFbf xf8{ ef]N6]hsf] nfOg dflyaf6 / nf] ef]N6]hsf] nfOg tnaf6
h8fg u/L n}hfg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd nfOg h8fg ePsf]df nf] ef]N6]hsf] tf/df xf8{
ef]N6]hsf] tf/af6 s'g} k|sf/sf] lns]h jf cGo s'g} lsl;daf6 vt/f jf rfh{ x'g
gkfpg] u/L h8fg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ xfO{ ef]N6]h tyf nf] ef]N6]hsf] tf/sf] aLrdf k|fljlws b[li6sf]0fn] /xg'
kg]{ km/s sfod ug'{ kg]{5 .
%$=
ljdfg:ynlt/ ljB't nfOg n}hfg] ;DaGwdf M ljdfg:ynlt/ ljB't nfOg n}hfg
;DalGwt ljdfg:yn k|d'v;Fu 5nkmn u/L lg0f{o eP cg';f/ n}hfg' kg]{5 .
%%=
ljB't nfOg / 6]lnkmf]g nfOg glhsaf6 n}hfg] ;DaGwdf M ljB't nfOgsf] glhsaf6
6]lnkmf]g nfOg jf 6]lnkmf]g nfOgsf] glhsaf6 ljB't nfOg n}hfg' k/]df cg'dltkq
k|fKt JolQm tyf ;DalGwt b"/ ;+rf/ lgsfo aLr cfk;df 5nkmn u/L ljB't jf
6]lnkmf]g nfOgnfO{ k|fljlws b'li6sf]0faf6 afwf jf rfh{ gx'g] u/L n}hfg' kg]{5 .
%^=
cfsfz lah'nLaf6 arfj6 M cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] ;'xfpFbf] 7fpFx?df cfsfz
lah'nLaf6 x'g] gf]S;fgL / ljB't zlQmsf] 36a9 x'g glbgsf] nflu cfsf; lah'nL /Ifs
oGq jf c? ;'xfpFbf] ;fwgsf] Joj:yf u/L pQm ;fwgx?af6 cfsf; lah'nLsf] e"of]hg
x'g] Joj:yf ;d]t ug'{ kg]{5 .
%&=
cbnL abnL ;+rfng oGq -r]Gh cf]e/ :jLr_ /fVg' kg]{ M cfsl:ds k|of]usf] nflu
ljB't pTkfbg oGq /fVg] k|To]s JolQmn] ;f] oGq /fVg] 7fpFdf cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmsf]
;Nnfx c'g;f/ cbnL abnL ;+rfng oGq /fVg' kg]{5 .
%*=
e"of]hg ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ xf8{ ef]N6]h k|;f/0f k|0ffnL cGtu{t ;a} k|sf/sf wft' lgld{t
;kf]6{x?nfO{ cljl5Gg cy{ jfo/ k|of]u u/L :yfoL tyf k|efjsf/L e"of]hg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ k|;f/0f tyf ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] ;kf]6{x?df k|of]u x'g] :6] jfo/df e"OFaf6 #
dL6/ prfO{ eGbf 36L gx'g] u/L OG;'n]6/ /fVg' kg]{5 .
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%(=
s6cfp6 /fVg' kg]{ M -!_ cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] u|fxssf] 3/df h8fg ul/g]
phf{dfks oGqsf] ;fydf ;'/Iff tyf nf]8 lnld6]8sf] lx;fan] s6cfp6 jf ;ls{6 a|]s/
h8fg u/L phf{dfks oGq;Fu l;n u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ phf{dfks oGqsf] ghLs} u|fxssf] tkm{af6 Pp6f cfO;f]n]6LË :jLr
h8fg ug'{ kg]{5 .
^)=
u|fxs sxfF k|of]u ul/g] ljB't ;fdu|Lsf] e"of]hg M -!_ u|fxssf] 3/leq k|of]u ul/g]
jf6/–lx6/, jftfg's'nLt oGq -oc/–slG8;g/_ h:tf pks/0fx? h8fg eO/fv]sf]df
To:tf pks/0fx?sf] nflu 5'§} ;'xfpFbf] ljB't kl/ky -;ls{6_ af6 ljB't cfk"lt{ u/L
e"of]hgsf] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ u|fxssxfF ljleGg lsl;dsf] wft' ldl;Psf] ljB't ;fdu|L k|of]udf Nofpg]
ePdf y|Llkg Knu ;s]6 k|of]u ug'{ kg]{5 / o:tf] Knu ;s]6 e"of]hg k| 0fnL;Fu hf]8\g'
kg]{5 .
-#_ u|fxssxfF h8fg ul/Psf] e"of]hg k|0ffnL k|fljlws ljlw cg';f/sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
^!=
cfGtl/s jfol/ª\usf] ;'/Iff M u|fxsn] cfˆgf] cfGtl/s jfol/Ëusf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu
/fv]sf] ljB't ;fdfgx? tyf jfol/Ë tl/sf k|rlnt k|fljlws dfkb08 adf]lhd x'g'
kg]{5 .
^@=
OG;'n];g ePsf] tf/ k|of]u ug'{kg]{ M u|fxssf] 3/df ljB't nfOg n}hfFbf OG;'n];g
ePsf] tf/sf] k|of]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
^#=
ljB'tsf] nfOg n6\7faf6 lbg'kg]{ M -!_ u|fxssf] 3/df ljB't nfOg lbFbf ljB'tsf]
n6\7faf6 dfq lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg OG;'n]6]8 s]a'naf6
u|fxssf] 3/df ljB't nfOg lbg'kbf{ k|rlnt k|fljlws dfkb08 adf]lhdsf] ;'/Iffsf]
Joj:yf u/L lbg' kg]{5 .
^$=
@#)÷$)) ef]N6df lns]hsf] vt/f M @#)÷$)) ef]N6sf] ljB't k|0fnL tyf jfol/Ësf]
OG;'n]zg /]lh:6foG; sDtLdf % d]ufcf]xd x'g' kg]{5 .
^%=
xfO{ ef]N6]hdf lns]hsf] vt/f M -!_ #,#))
ef]N6sf]
ljB't
k|0fnLsf]
OG;'n]zg
/]lh:6foG; sDtLdf @) d]ufcf]xd x'g' kg]{5 .
-@_ #,#)) ef]N6 eGbf dfly k|To]s yk !))) ef]N6sf] ljB't k|0ffnLsf] OG;'n] zg
/]lh:6foG;sf] lx;fa ubf{ @) d]ufcf]xddf ! d]ufcf]xd yk u/L OG;'n]zg /]lh:6foG;sf]
lx;fa ug'{ kg]{5 .
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-#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd OG;'n]zg /]lh:6foG; gePsf] ljB't k|0ffnL
;+rfng ug'{ x'Fb}g .
^^=
ljB't pTkfbg, k|;f/0f tyf ljt/0f ;DaGwL lgdf{0f :ynsf] j/Lkl/ 3/hUuf k|of]u
ug{ lgif]w ug{ ;Sg] M -!_
P]gsf] bkmf ## sf] pkbkmf -#_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu
ljB'tsf] pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0f ;DaGwL s'g} lgdf{0f sfo{ ePsf]df To:tf] lgdf{0f
sfo{ ePsf] 7fpF jf ;f] 7fpFsf] j/Lkl/sf] lglZrt b"/Lleq kg]{ 3/hUuf c? s;}n] s'g}
vf; sfdsf] lgldQ k|of]u ug{ gkfpg] u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;do ;dodf g]kfn
/fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L lgif]w ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ ljB't k|;f/0f jf ljt/0f ug{sf] nflu h8fg u/]sf] ljB't nfOg d'gL tyf
To:tf] nfOgsf] bfofF afofF cg';"rL–!@ / !# df pNn]lvt b"/L leq 3/ agfpg jf ?v
/f]Kg x'Fb}g .
^&=
ljB't pks/0fsf] u'0f:t/ tyf pkof]u ug]{ tl/sf M cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] ljB't
pTkfbg, k|;f/0f tyf ljt/0f ;DaGwL sfd ubf{ k|of]u ul/g] ljB't pks/0fsf] u'0f:t/
tyf ;'/Iffsf] b[li6sf]0fn] b]xfosf s'/fx? kfng ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_
/fd|f] u'0f:t/sf] pks/0f tyf ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]u ug'{kg]{,
-v_
s'g} gofF k|lti7fg ;+rfng ubf{ jf e}/x]sf] k|lti7fgnfO{ dd{t ;'wf/ u/L
k'gM ;+rfng ubf{ k|fljlws b[li6sf]0faf6 ug'{ kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ k/LIf0f u/L 7Ls
b]lvPdf dfq ;+rfng ug'{kg]{,
-u_
ljB'tsf tf/x? h'g sfdsf] nflu k|of]u ul/g] xf] ;f] sfdsf] nflu
pko'Qm Ifdtf ePsf] x'g'kg]{,
-3_
ljB't tf/ hf]8\bf vt/f pTkGg gx'g] lsl;daf6 dfGo k|fljlws dfkb08
adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{,
-ª_
e"ldut tf/sf] HjfOG6 aS;, d]6flns sG8\o"6 HjfOG6 / d]6flns l;ysf]
HjfOG6x? cfjZos k/]sf] ;dodf ;lhn};Fu lg/LIf0f ug{ ;lsg] u/L
h8fg ePsf] x'g' kg]{,
-r_
ljB't ;DaGwL kl/ky -;ls{6_ jf pk–kl/ky -;a–;ls{6_ df tf]lsPsf]
s/]G6eGbf a9L s/]G6 k|jfx x'g uPdf To:tf] ;ls{6 jf ;a–;ls{6sf]
xfgL gf]S;fgL x'g gkfpg] u/L ljB't s/]G6sf] k|jfx aGb ug{ ˆo"h jf
;ls{{6 a|]s/ jf cGo ;'xfpFbf] pks/0fx? h8fg ug'{ kg]{5 . o:tf
22
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pks/0fx? ;+rfng x'Fbf cTolws u/d gx'g, :kfs{ gug]{, tyf abNbf
vt/f gx'g] lsl;dsf] x'g'kg]{,
-5_
l;ª\un km]h :jLr hLljt tf/df afx]s Go'6n tf/df nufpg' x'Fb}g .
kl/R5]b –^
ljB't ;DaGwL sfdsf] ;'/IffTds Joj:yf
^*=
;fjwfgL ;"rgfkf6L M -!_ cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] b]xfosf ;/;fdfg g]kfnL tyf
c+u|]hLdf n]lvPsf] ;fjwfgL ;"rgfkf6L /fVg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ df]6/, h]g]/]6/, kl/jt{g oGq -6«fG;km/d/_ / cGo k|sf/sf] ljB't k|lti7fg
tyf To;nfO{ ;+rfng jf lgoGq0f ug]{ ;/;fdfg,
-v_ $)) ef]N6eGbf dflyNnf] ef]N6sf] ljB't nfOgsf] n6\7fdf / PS;/] aNg] 6\oj"
ePsf] nfOg af]8{df jf To:tf] pRr lk|mSj]G;L ePsf] k|lti7fgx? .
-@_ pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] ;a} ljB't ;fdu|L jf k|lti7fgdf
;fjwfgL ;"rgfkf6L /fVg g;lsg] ePdf To:tf] ;/;fdfgsf] ghLsdf jf To:tf] ;fdu|L
/x]sf] 7fpFdf jf k|j]zåf/df /fVg' kg]{5 .
^(=
ljB't ;KnfO{ aGb ug'{kg]{ M -!_ ljB't pTkfbg, k|;f/0f tyf ljt/0fsf] nflu h8fg
ul/Psf] pk/s/0fx?sf] hfFra'´, d/dt jf cGo s'g} dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ ug'{ k/]df ljB't
;KnfO{ aGb ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|fljlws b[li6sf]0fn] k"0f{
;'/lIft tl/sfn] sfd ug{ ;lsg] ePdf ljB't ;KnfO{ aGb ug'{ clgjfo{ x'g] 5}g .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ k"/f u/L ljB't nfOg k'gM ;+rfng ubf{
pTkGg x'g ;Sg] vt/f dfly /fd|/L Wofg lbO{ dfq ;+rfng ug'{ kg] {5 .
&)=
ef]N6]h 6]li6ª tyf nfOg e"of]hg M ljB't nfOgsf] dd{t ;Def/ ug'{ kbf{ ljB't k|jfx
6]i6/åf/f ef]N6]h gePsf] osLg ePkl5 dfq e"of]hg u/L dd{t tyf ;Def/ sfo{ ug'{
kg]{5 .
&!=
OG;'n]zg ePsf] k~hf nufpg] M ljB'tsf] hLljt nfOg ePsf] 7fpFdf s'g} sfd ubf{
OG;'n]zg ePsf] kGhf nufP/ dfq sfd ug'{ kg]{5 .
&@=
s/]G6 nfUbf k|fylds pkrf/ ;DaGwL ;"rgf M -!_ ljB't s/]G6 nfUbf ug'{kg]{ k|fylds
pkrf/ ;DaGwL lqmofsf] ljj/0f g]kfnL efiffdf :ki6 ?kn] a'‰g] u/L cfˆgf] k|lti7fgdf
;a}n] b]Vg] u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
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-@_ k|lti7fgsf] :jfldTj ePsf] JolQmn] cfˆgf] k|lti7fgdf ljB't ;+rfng tyf
dd{t ;Def/ ug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|fylds pkrf/ ;DaGwdf tfnLd
lbg' clgjfo{ x'g]5 .
&#=
;'/Iff k]6L M s'g} pRr :yfgdf jf ljh'nLsf] n¶fdf sfd ug]{ sfdbf/x?nfO{ ;'/Iff k]6L
nufpg lbP/ dfq sfd nufpg' kg]{5 .
&$=
b'3{6gfsf] ;"rgf M -!_ k|lti7fgdf s'g} k|sf/n] b'3{6gf jf gf]S;fgL ePdf cg'dltkq
k|fKt JolQmn] cg';"rL–!$ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf lj:t[t ljj/0f v'nfO{ ljB't lg/LIfs
;dIf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ljj/0f k|fKt ePkl5 o:tf] b'3{6gfsf] sf/0f kQf
nufpg ljB't lg/LIfsn] cfjZos lg/LIf0f ug{ ;Sg]5 / k|fljlws b'li6sf]0faf6 o:tf]
b'3{6gf gbf]xl/g ckgfpg' kg]{ ;'/IffTds Joj:yf ug{ cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmnfO{ cfb]z
lbg ;Sg]5 . To:tf] cfb]zsf] kfngf ug'{ cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b –&
lg/LIf0f tyf hfFra'´ ;DaGwL Joj:yf
&%=
lg/LIfs Pj+ sd{rf/L ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf #& sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu g]kfn
;/sf/sf] k|d'v ljB't lg/LIfs tyf cfjZostfg';f/ cGo ljB't lg/LIfsx?sf] lgo'lQm
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ k|d'v ljB't lg/LIfs tyf ljB't lg/LIfsx?sf] sfddf ;xfotf ug{
g]kfn ;/sf/n] cGo cfjZos sd{rf/Lx? lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
&^=
lg/LIfssf] nflu rflxg] of]Uotf M -!_ OlGhlgol/Ëdf :gftsf]kflw k|fKt u/L slDtdf
bz jif{;Dd ljB't If]qdf cg'ej ePsf] JolQm k|d'v ljB't lg/LIfssf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g
;Sg]5 .
-@_ OlGhlgol/Ëdf :gftsf]kflw k|fKt u/]sf] JolQm ljB't lg/LIfssf] kbdf
lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg]5 .
&&=
lg/LIfssf] clwsf/ M -!_ lgod &% adf]lhd lgo'Qm ePsf] lg/LIfsn] cg'dltkq k|fKt
JolQmsf] k|lti7fgsf] hfFra'´ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd hfFra'´sf] l;nl;nfdf lg/LIfsnfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u
ug]{ / lghn] ;f]w]sf] ;a} s'/fsf] hjfkm lbg' cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQm jf u|fxssf] st{Jo
x'g]5 .
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&*=
gofF k|lti7fgsf] hfFra'´ ug{ lg/LIfs v6fpg] M cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] v8f u/]sf]
gofF k|lti7fgsf] hfFra'´ k|d'v ljB't lg/LIfs cfkm}+n] jf lghn] v6fPsf] s'g} lg/LIfsn]
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
&(=
rfn" k|lti7fgsf] hfFra'´ M cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] cfˆgf] rfn" k|lti7fgsf] k|To]s
jif{df hfFra'´ u/fO{ To;sf] k|df0fkq lnO{ /fVg' kg]{5 .
*)=
lg/LIfssf] cfb]z kfng ug'{kg]{ M -!_ ljB'tsf] ;j]{If0f, pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0f
;DaGwdf P]g tyf o; lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL lg/LIfsn] lbPsf] cfb]z cg'dltkq
k|fKt JolQmn] kfng ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_
pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lg/LIfsn] lbPsf] cfb]z pk/ lrQ ga'‰g]
cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] ;lrj ;dIf ph"/ ug{ ;Sg]5 / tt\;DaGwdf lghn] lbPsf]
cfb]z clGtd x'g]5 .
*!=
a]7Ls ljB't ;fdu|L jf k|0ffnLsf] hfFr M lg/LIfsn] hfFra'´ u/L a]7Ls 7x/ u/]sf]
ljB't ;fdu|L jf k|0ffnL 7Ls u/L k'gM ;+rfng ug{sf] nflu cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn]
lg/LIfs ;dIf b/vf:t lbg' kg]{5 . lg/LIfsn] ljB't ;fdu|L jf k|0ffnLsf] hfFr u/L 7Ls
b]lvPdf To:tf] ljB't ;fdu|L jf k|0ffnL k'gM ;+rfng ug{ cg'dlt lbg]5 .
*@=
hfFra'´sf] b:t'/ M cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQm jf u|fxsn] of] lgodfjnL adf]lhd
lg/LIfsåf/f s'g} s'/fsf] hfFra'´ u/fpg cfjZos b]v]df k|d'v ljB't lg/LIfs ;dIf
lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 . To;/L hfFra'´ u/fpFbf cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQm jf u|fxsn] g]kfn
;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L tf]s] adf]lhdsf] b:t'/ a'´fpg' kg]{5 .
t/, k|d'v ljB't lg/LIfsaf6} ;fdfGo ?kn] v6L cfPsf] lg/LIfsaf6 cfˆgf] rfn"
k|lti7fgsf] hfFra'´ u/fpFbf s'g} hfFra'´ b:t'/ a'´fpg' kg]{ 5}g .
*#=
hfFra'´sf] kl/0ffdsf] ;"rgf M lg/LIfsn] hfFr ubf{ ljB't ;fdu|L jf k|0ffnL 7Ls
b]lvPdf To;sf] ;"rgf ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ lbg' k5{ 7Ls gb]lvPdf To:tf] ljB't ;fdu|L
jf k|0ffnLsf] dd{t ;'wf/, km]/abn jf ;+rfng aGb ug{ lnlvt cfb]z lbg' kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b –*
ljljw
*$=
hnljB't ;DaGwL lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu ;'/IffTds zt{x? tf]Sg ;Sg] M g]kfn ;/sf/n]
g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L ljB't pTkfbgsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ afFw, ljB't
u[x Pj+ cGo ;+/rgfx?sf] l8hfOg tyf lgdf{0f ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ pkfox? / hnfzo
x'g] ljB't pTkfbg s]Gb|x?sf] lgdf{0f ;DaGwL ;'/IffTds zt{x? tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
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*%=
ljj/0fx? hfgsf/Ldf Nofpg' kg]{ M ljB'tsf] pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0fsf] sfo{ z'?
ug'{ cl3 cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] cg'dltkqsf] gSsn, ljB't pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf
ljt/0f ul/g] If]qsf] gSzf, ljB't ljt/0fsf] ;DaGwdf u|fxs / cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmsf]
aLrdf sfod x'g] ;DaGw / cGo zt{x? ;d]t ;f] lnPsf] ljj/0fx? cfˆgf] ;DalGwt
sfof{nodf ;j{;fwf/0fn] yfxf kfpg] u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
*^= af;:yfg / af]g; ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf !% sf] k|of]hgsf nflu
cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] ljB'tsf] pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0fsf] sfddf ;+nUg sfdbf/
tyf sd{rf/Lsf] af;:yfgsf] k|aGw ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] k|To]s cfly{s jif{df u/]sf] v'b d'gfkmfsf] b'O{
k|ltztsf b/n] x'g cfpg] /sd 5'6ØfO{ ;DalGwt sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ af]g;
ljt/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ To;/L ljt/0f ul/g] af]g; sd{rf/Ln] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] jflif{s tnasf] /sd
eGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd af]g;sf] nflu 5'6ØfOPsf] /sd dWo] ljt/0f u/L
afFsL x'g cfpg] /sd cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] sd{rf/L sNof0f sf]if v8f u/L ;f]
sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] sf]ifsf] ;+rfng cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] lgwf{/0f
u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-%_ o; lgodfjnLdf pNn]v eP b]lv afx]s af]g; ;DaGwL cGo s'/fx? k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
*&=
Ifltk"lt{ lbOg] M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf ## sf] pkbkmf -#_ tyf lgod ^^ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu
lgwf{l/t b"/Ldf 3/ hUuf pkef]u ug{ gkfPdf To:tf 3/ hUufwgLnfO{ lgod ** adf]lhd
ul7t Ifltk"lt{ lgwf{/0f ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhdsf] Psd'i6 Ifltk"lt{ /sd g]kfn ;/sf/
jf cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lbOg] Ifltk"lt{ of] lgodfjnL k|f/De ePkl5 lgdf{0f
ul/g] ljB't ;DaGwL lgdf{0f sfo{sf] xsdf dfq nfu" x'g]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f nlvPsf] ePtfklg b]xfosf] cj:yfdf Ifltk"lt{
/sd lbOg] 5}g M–
-s_
hUufwgLnfO{ lah'nL pknAw u/fpg h8fg ePsf] ;le{; nfOg
d'lgsf] hUuf ePdf, jf
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www.lawcommission.gov.np
-v_
zx/L jf u|fdL0f If]qdf 3gfj:tL eO{ 3/x? cfk;df 6fFl;O /x]sf]df
Pp6f 3/af6 csf]{ 3/df ljB't nfOg n}hfFbf af6f]df kg]{ cGo s'g}
3/sf] leQfaf6 d]g nfOg nluPdf .
**=
Ifltk"lt{ lgwf{/0f ;ldlt M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf @* / @( adf]lhd lbg' kg]{ Ifltk"lt{sf] /sd
lgwf{/0f ug{ b]xfosf cWoIf / ;b:ox? ePsf] Ps Ifltk"lt{ lgwf{/0f ;ldlt u7g
x'g]5 M–
-s_
g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] JolQm
-v_
ljB't ;j]{If0f, pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0f
ug]{ ;DalGwt JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] k|ltlglw
-u_
–cWoIf
–;b:o
ljB't If]q;Fu ;DalGwt g]kfn ;/sf/n]
tf]s]sf] ljz]if1
–;b:o
-@_ P]gsf] bkmf #@, ## / lgod *& adf]lhd lbg' kg]{ Ifltk"lt{sf] /sd lgwf{/0f
ug{ pklgod -!_ df tf]lsPsf] ;ldltdf b]xfosf JolQmx? ;d]t ;b:o /xg]5g\ M–
-s_
gf]S;fgL ePsf] crn ;DklQsf] wgL jf lghsf] k|ltlglw –;b:o
-v_
gf]S;fgL ePsf] crn ;DklQ /x]sf] If]qsf]
;DalGwt dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] k|ltlglw
-u_
–;b:o
gf]S;fgL ePsf] crn ;DklQ /x]sf] If]qsf] ;DalGwt
ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsfsf] k|ltlglw
–;b:o
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] Ifltk"lt{ lgwf{/0f ;ldltn] Ifltk"lt{sf] /sd
lgwf{/0f ubf{ jf:tljs xfgL gf]S;fgLsf] /sd lgwf{/0f ug]{ gLlt cjnDag ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ Ifltk"lt{ lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf] a}7s ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw cfkm}+n] lgwf{/0f ug{
;Sg]5 .

*(= cg'dltkqsf] laqmL jf xs x:tfGt/0f jf vf/]h ug]{ M -!_ cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] P]gsf]
bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd cfˆgf] cg'dltkq laqmL ug{ jf cGo s'g} k|sf/n] xs
x:tfGt/0f ug{ rfx]df cg'dltkq k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/Laf6 :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
-@_ cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] P]g / o; lgodfjnL ljk/Lt s'g} sfd u/]df
cg'dltkq k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/Ln] P]gsf] bkmf * adf]lhd sf/afxL ug{ jf
cg'dltkq vf/]h ug{ ;Sg]5 .

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
27
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
*(s=hl/afgf ug{ tyf Ifltk"lt{ e/fO{ lbg ;Sg] M s;}n] P]g jf o; lgodfjnLsf] pNnª\3g
u/]df ;lrjn] To:tf] JolQmnfO{ P]gsf] bkmf #* sf] pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd hl/afgf
ug{ jf lghaf6 xflg gf]S;fgL x'g] JolQmnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ e/fO{ lbg ;Sg]5 .
()=
n]vf kl/If0fsf] ljj/0f M cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] ljB'tsf] pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0f
ubf{ ePsf] cfoJoosf] n]vf v8f u/L k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] cfoJoosf] n]vf csf]{
cfly{s jif{sf] ^ dlxgf leq ljB't ljsf; ljefu ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
(!=
jflif{s k|ltj]bg M -!_ ljB't pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0f ug{ cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn]
ljB't pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0f z'? u/] kl5 ljB't ljsf; ljefu ;dIf jflif{s
k|ltj]bg k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgdf k|To]s dlxgfdf ljleGg ljB't u[xaf6
pTkflbt o'lg6, u|fxssf] lsl;d 5''l§g] u/L ljtl/t o'lg6, k|lti7fgsf] cfGtl/s pkof]u,
r'xfj6, nf]8 tyf Sofkfl;6L ˆofS6/, dfl;s clwstd dfu / gd'gf nf]8se{ ;d]t
pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
(@=
ljB't k|0ffnLsf] k|of]u M -!_ cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn]

g]kfnsf] s'g} efudf pTkfbg
u/]sf] ljB't ljBdfg ljB't k|0ffnLsf] To; efudf /x]sf] s'g} laGb'df cfk"lt{ u/L

g]kfnsf] csf]{ efudf /x]sf] ljB't k|0ffnLsf] s'g} laGb'af6 k|fljlws b'li6sf]0fn] pko'Qm
ePdf ljB't lng ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ljB't k|0ffnLsf] :jfldTj /x]sf] JolQm jf ;Ël7t
;+:yfn] cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmnfO{ k|fljlws b[li6sf]0fn] pko'Qm ePdf cfˆgf] ljB't
k|0ffnL k|of]u ug{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ljB't cfk"lt{ ubf{ To:tf] ljB't k|0ffnLsf] :jfldTj
/x]sf] JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfnfO{ cfk;L ;D´f}tfaf6 lgwf{l/t eP adf]lhdsf] z'Ns
cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] a'´fpg' kg]{5 .
(#=
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ / :jLs[lt x'g' kg]{ M o; lgodfjnL cGtu{t ljB'tsf]
;j]{If0f, pTkfbg, k|;f/0f tyf ljt/0f ug]{ sfo{sf] nflu cg'dltkq lbFbf cf}Bf]lus
Joj;fo P]g, @)$( adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] / ljb]zL nufgL ;dfj]z ePsf]df ljb]zL
nufgL tyf k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f P]g, @)$( adf]lhd :jLs[lt lnPsf] x'g' kg]{5 .


rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
28
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($=
of] lgodfjnL nfu" x'g]M -!_
P]gsf] bkmf #$ cg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/ cfkm}+n] ljB'tsf]
pTkfbg jf ljsf; u/]sf] cj:yfdf ;d]t cg'dltkq ;DaGwL Joj:yf afx]s cGo
s'/fx?sf] xsdf of] lgodfjnL nfu" x'g]5 .
-@_ !))) lsnf]jf6;Dd ljB'tsf] pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0f ug]{ JolQm jf
;Ël7t ;+:yfnfO{ klg cg'dltkq ;DaGwL Joj:yf afx]s cGo s'/fx?sf] xsdf of]
lgodfjnL nfu" x'g]5 .

($s= lgb]{lzsf jf sfo{ljlw agfpg ;Sg]M P]g tyf o; lgodfjnLsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjog ug{
pmhf{ dGqfnon] cfjZos lgb]{lzsf jf sfo{ljlw agfO{ nfu" ug{ ;Sg]5 .
(%=
cg';"rLdf x]/km]/ tyf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]M g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf
k|sflzt u/L o; lgodfjnLsf] cg';"rLdf cfjZostf cg';f/ x]/km]/ tyf ;+zf]wg ug{
;Sg]5 .
(^=
vf/]hL / arfp M -!_ ljB't lgodfjnL, @)@% vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 .
-@_ ljB't lgodfjnL, @)@% adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd sf/jfxLx? o;} lgodfjnL
adf]lhd eP u/]sf dflgg] 5g\ .

t];|f] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .
b|i6Ao M– -!_
s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f ¿kfGt/ ePsf zAbx¿ æ>L % sf] ;/sf/Æ eGg] zAbx?sf] ;§f
æg]kfn ;/sf/Æ .
-@_ klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ?kfGt/ ePsf zAbx? æljB't ljsf; s]Gb|Æ eGg] zAbx?sf] ;§f æljB't ljsf; ljefuÆ .
-#_ t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ?kfGt/ ePsf zAbx? æhn;|f]t dGqfnoÆ eGg] zAbx?sf] ;§f æphf{ dGqfnoÆ .
-$_ rf}yf];+zf]wgåf/f ?kfGt/ ePsf zAbx? M–
-s_ æljB't ljsf; ljefu dfkm{t ;lrjÆ eGg] zAbx?sf] ;§f ædxflgb]{zsÆ .
-v_ æ;lrj cfkm}n] jf ljB't ljsf; ljefu dfkm{tÆ eGg] zAbx?sf] ;§f ædxflgb]{zsn]Æ .
29
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cg';"rL –!
-lgod # ;Fu ;DalGwt_
hfgsf/L ;DaGwL .
>L dxflgb]{zs,
ljB't ljsf; ljefu .
!)) b]lv !))) lsnf]jf6 ;Ddsf] hn ljB'tsf] ;j]{If0f÷pTkfbg÷k|;f/0f÷ljt/0f ug{
nfu]sf]n] ljB't lgodfjnL, @)%) sf] lgod # adf]lhd b]xfosf] ljj/0fx? vf]nL of] hfgsf/L
lbPsf] 5' .
!=
hnljB'tsf] ;j]{If0f÷pTkfbg÷k|;f/0f÷ljt/0f ug{ rfxg] JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] k"/f
gfd y/ 7]ufgf M–
@=
hnljB'tsf] ;j]{If0f÷pTkfbg÷ k|;f/0f÷ljt/0fsf] p2]Zo tyf k|of]hg M–
#=
hnljB'tsf] ;j]{If0f÷pTkfbg÷k|;f/0f tyf ljt/0f ug]{ If]q M–
-s_
c~rn
-v_
lhNnf M–
-u_
uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsf M–
$=
h8fg Ifdtf M–
%=
ljB't lgodfjnL, @)%) sf] lgod # adf]lhdsf ljj/0fx? M–
dfly pNn]lvt Joxf]/f 7Ls ;fFrf] xf] ´'6\7f 7x/] sfg"g adf]lhd ;x'Fnf a'´fpFnf .
;Ël7t ;+:yf eP 5fk
hfgsf/L lbg] JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf]
;xL M–
gfd M–
ldlt M–
7]ufgf M–

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
30
www.lawcommission.gov.np
cg';"rL –@
-lgod $ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ljB't pTkfbgsf] ;j]{If0f cg'dltkqsf] b/vf:t
>L dxflgb]{zs,
ljB't ljsf; ljefu .
ljB't pTkfbgsf] ;j]{If0fsf] nflu ljB't lgodfjnL, @)%) sf] lgod $ adf]lhd
b]xfosf] ljj/0fx? ;d]t v'nfO{ of] b/vf:t k]z u/]sf] 5' .
!=
ljB't pTkfbgsf] ;j]{If0f ug{ rfxg] JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] k"/f gfd / 7]ufgf M–
@=
pTkfbgsf] ;j]{If0f ul/g] ljB'tsf] lsl;d M–
#=
hnljB't pTkfbgsf] nflu ;j]{If0f ul/g] ePdf hn;|f]tsf] gfd M–
$=
;j]{If0f ug]{ If]q M–
-s_ c~rn
-v_ lhNnf
-u_ uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsf
-3_ k"j{
pQ/
%=
;j]{If0fsf] k|s[lt M–
^=
;j]{If0f ug{ nfUg] cg'dflgt vr{ ?= =======
klZrd
blIf0f
-k'i6\ofO{ ljj/0f ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 _
&=
;j]{If0f ug]{ cjlw M–
ldlt ================ b]lv ldlt ================ ;Dd .
*=
cGo ljj/0fx? M–
dfly pNn]lvt Joxf]/f 7Ls ;fFrf] xf] ´'6\7f 7x/] sfg"g adf]lhd ;x'Fnf a'´fpFnf .
;Ël7t ;+:yf eP 5fk

b/vf:tjfnfsf]
;xL M–
gfd M–
ldlt M–
7]ufgf M–
rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
31
www.lawcommission.gov.np
cg';"rL –#
-lgod % ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ljB't k|;f/0fsf] ;j]{If0f cg'dltkqsf] b/vf:t
>L dxflgb]{zs,
ljB't ljsf; ljefu .
ljB't k|;f/0fsf] ;j]{If0fsf] nflu ljB't lgodfjnL, @)%) sf] lgod % adf]lhd b]xfosf
ljj/0fx? ;d]t v'nfO{ of] b/vf:t k]z u/]sf] 5' .
!=
ljB't k|;f/0fsf] ;j]{If0f ug{ rfxg] JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] k"/f gfd / 7]ufgf M–
@=
k|;f/0f ul/g] ljB't pknAw u/fpg] kl/of]hgf÷:yfgsf] ljj/0f M–
#=
ljB't k|;f/0f sxfFaf6 sxfF ug]{ xf] ;f]sf] ljj/0f M–
$=
ljB't k|;f/0fsf] ;j]{If0f ug]{ If]q M–
-s_ c~rn
-v_ lhNnf
-u_ uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsf
-3_ k"j{
pQ/
%=
ljB't k|;f/0fsf] ef]N6]h tyf kl/df0f M–
^=
;j]{If0fsf] k|s[lt M–
&=
;j]{If0f ug{ nfug] cg'dflg vr{ ?= ===========
klZrd
blIf0f
-k'i6ØfO{ ljj/0f ;+nUg ug'{kg]{5 _
*=
ljB't k|;f/0f ;j]{If0f ug]{ cjlw M–
ldlt ================ b]lv ldlt ================ ;Dd
(=
cGo ljj/0fx? M–
dfly pNn]lvt Joxf]/f 7Ls ;fFrf] xf] ´'6\7f 7x/] sfg"g adf]lhd ;x'Fnf a'´fpFnf .
;Ël7t ;+:yf eP 5fk

b/vf:tjfnfsf]
;xL M–
gfd M–
ldlt M–
7]ufgf M–
rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
32
www.lawcommission.gov.np
cg';"rL –$
-lgod ^ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ljB't ljt/0fsf] ;j]{If0f cg'dltkqsf] b/vf:t
>L dxflgb]{zs,
ljB't ljsf; ljefu .
ljB't ljt/0fsf] ;j]{If0fsf] nflu ljB't lgodfjnL, @)%) sf] lgod ^ adf]lhd b]xfosf
ljj/0fx? ;d]t v'nfO{ of] b/vf:t k]z u/]sf] 5' .
!=
ljB't ljt/0fsf] ;j]{If0f ug{ rfxg] JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] k"/f gfd / 7]ufgf M–
@=
ljt/0f ul/g] ljB't pknAw u/fpg] kl/of]hgf÷:yfgsf] ljj/0f M–
#=
;j]{If0f ug]{ If]q M–
-s_ c~rn
-v_ lhNnf
-u_ uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsf
-3_ k"j{
pQ/
%=
;j]{If0fsf] k|s[lt M–
^=
ljB't ljt/0f ;j]{If0f ug{ nfUg] cg'dflg vr{ ?= ===========
klZrd
blIf0f
-k'i6ØfO{ ljj/0f ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 _
&=
ljB't ljt/0f ;j]{If0f ug]{ cjlw M–
ldlt ================ b]lv ldlt ================ ;Dd
*=
cGo ljj/0f M–
dfly pNn]lvt Joxf]/f 7Ls ;fFrf] xf] ´'6\7f 7x/] sfg"g adf]lhd ;x'Fnf a'´fpFnf .
;Ël7t ;+:yf eP 5fk
b/vf:tjfnfsf]
;xL M–
gfd M–
ldlt M–
7]ufgf M–

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
33
www.lawcommission.gov.np
cg';"rL –%-s_
-lgod * ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ljB't pTkfbgsf] ;j]{If0f cg'dltkq
dxfzo,
ljB't pTkfbgsf] ;j]{If0fsf] nflu cg'dltkq kfpg ldlt ================ df lbg' ePsf]
b/vf:t cg';f/ b]xfosf] ljj/0f vf]nL ljB't P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -@_ / ljB't
lgodfjnL, @)%) sf] lgod * adf]lhd of] cg'dltkq k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .
!=
ljB't pTkfbg ;j]{If0f ug{ rfxg] JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] k"/f gfd / 7]ufgf M–
@=
pTkfbgsf] ;j]{If0f ul/g] ljB'tsf] lsl;d M–
#=
hnljB't pTkfbgsf] nflu ;j]{If0f ul/g] hn;|f]tsf] gfd M M–
$=
;j]{If0f ug]{ If]q M–
-s_ c~rn
-v_ lhNnf
-u_ uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsf
-3_ k"j{
pQ/
%=
;j]{If0fsf] k|s[lt M–
^=
cg'dltkq axfn /xg] cjlw M–
klZrd
blIf0f
ldlt ================ b]lv ldlt ================ ;Dd
&=
cGo zt{x? M–
cg'dltkq lbg] clwsf/Lsf]
;xL M–
ldlt M–
gfd M–
kb M–==============

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
34
www.lawcommission.gov.np
cg';"rL –%-v_
-lgod * ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ljB't k|;f/0fsf] ;j]{If0fsf] cg'dltkq
dxfzo,
ljB't k|;f/0fsf] ;j]{If0fsf] nflu cg'dltkq kfpg ldlt ================ df lbg' ePsf]
b/vf:t cg';f/ b]xfosf] ljj/0f vf]nL ljB't P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -@_ / ljB't
lgodfjnL, @)%) sf] lgod * adf]lhd of] cg'dltkq k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .
!=
ljB't k|;f/0fsf] ;j]{If0f ug{ rfxg] JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] k"/f gfd / 7]ufgf M–
@=
k|;f/0f ul/g] ljB't pknAw u/fpg] kl/of]hgf÷:yfgsf] ljj/0f M–
#=
ljB't k|;f/0f sxfFaf6 sxfF ug]{ xf] ;f] sf] ljj/0-f M–
$=
;j]{If0f ug]{ If]q M–
-s_ c~rn
-v_ lhNnf
-u_ uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsf
-3_ k"j{
pQ/
%=
ljB't k|;f/0fsf] ef]N6]h / kl/df0f M–
^=
;e]{If0fsf] k|s[lt M–
&=
cg'dltkq jxfn /xg] cjlw M–
klZrd
blIf0f
ldlt ================ b]lv ldlt ================ ;Dd
*=
cGo zt{x? M–
cg'dltkq lbg] clwsf/Lsf]
;xL M–
ldlt M–
gfd M–
kb M–

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
35

=============
www.lawcommission.gov.np
cg';"rL –%-u_
-lgod * ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ljB't ljt/0fsf] ;j]{If0fsf] cg'dltkq
dxfzo,
ljB't ljt/0fsf] ;j]{If0fsf] nflu cg'dltkq kfpg ldlt ================ df lbg' ePsf]
b/vf:t cg';f/ b]xfosf] ljj/0f vf]nL ljB't P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -@_ / ljB't
lgodfjnL, @)%) sf] lgod * adf]lhd of] cg'dltkq k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .
!=
ljB't ljt/0fsf] ;j]{If0f ug{ rfxg] JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] k"/f gfd / 7]ufgf M–
@=
ljt/0f ul/g] ljB't pknAw u/fpg] kl/of]hgf÷:yfgsf] ljj/0f M–
#=
;j]{If0f ug]{ If]q M–
-s_ c~rn
-v_ lhNnf
-u_ uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsf
-3_ k"j{
pQ/
$=
ljB't ljt/0fsf] ef]N6]h / kl/df0f M–
%=
;e]{If0fsf] k|s[lt M–
^=
cg'dltkq jxfn /xg] cjlw M–
klZrd
blIf0f
ldlt ================ b]lv ldlt ================ ;Dd
*=
cGo zt{x? M–
cg'dltkq lbg] clwsf/Lsf]
;xL M–
ldlt M–
gfd M–
kb M– =============

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
36
www.lawcommission.gov.np
cg';"rL –^
-lgod !@ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ljB't pTkfbgsf] cg'dltkqsf] b/vf:t
>L dxflgb]{zs,
ljB't ljsf; ljefu .
dxf]bo,
ljB'tsf] pTkfbg ug{ nfu]sf]n] ljB't P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $ / ljB't lgodfjnL,
@)%) sf] lgod !@ adf]lhd b]xfosf ljj/0fx? v'nfO{ cfjZos sfuhft ;d]t ;+nUg /fvL
of] b/vf:t k]z u/]sf] 5' .
!=
ljB'tsf] pTkfbg ug]{ JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] gfd, 7]ufgf M–
@=
ljB't kl/of]hgfsf] gfd M–
#=
ljB't zlQm pTkfbg ug]{ ;fwg M–
$=
hn;|f]tsf] pkof]u ul/g] ePdf M–
-s_
gbLsf] gfd M–
-v_
hn;|f]t pkof]u ul/g] If]q
c~rn
lhNnf
uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsf
k"j{
klZrd
pQ/
blIf0f
-u_ k|of]u ul/g] hn;|f]tsf] kl/df0f M–
%=
d'Vo d'Vo ;+/rgfx?sf] ljj/0f tyf /xg] :yfg M–
^=
sfo{ ;'? ug]{ ldlt M–
&=
sfo{ ;dfKt ug]{ ldlt M–
*=
cGo ljj/0fx? M–
dfly pNn]lvt Joxf]/f 7Ls ;fFrf] xf] ´'6\7f 7x/] sfg"g adf]lhd ;x'Fnf a'´fpFnf .
;Ël7t ;+:yf eP 5fk
b/vf:tjfnfsf]
;xL M–
gfd M–
ldlt M–
7]ufgf M–

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
37
www.lawcommission.gov.np
cg';"rL –&
-lgod !# ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ljB't k|;f/0fsf] cg'dltkqsf] b/vf:t
>L dxflgb]{zs,
ljB't ljsf; ljefu
dxf]bo,
ljB't k|;f/0f ug{ nfu]sf]n] ljB't P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $ / ljB't lgodfjnL, @)%)
sf] lgod !# adf]lhd b]xfosf ljj/0fx? ;d]t v'nfO{ cfjZos sfuhft ;d]t ;+nUg /fvL of]
b/vf:t k]z u/]sf] 5' .
!=
ljB't k|;f/0f ug]{ JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] gfd, 7]ufgf M–
@=
ljB't k|;f/0f ul/g] ljB't pknAw u/fpg] kl/of]hgf÷:yfgsf] ljj/0f M–
#=
ljB't k|;f/0f sxfFaf6 sxfF ug]{ xf] ;f] sf] ljj/0f M–
-s_ c~rn
-v_ lhNnf
-u_ uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsf
$=
ljB't k|;f/0fsf] ef]N6]h / kl/df0fM–
%=
sfd z'? ug]{ ldltM–
sfd ;dfKt ug]{ ldlt M–
^=
cGo ljj/0fx? M–
dfly pNn]lvt Joxf]/f 7Ls ;fFrf] xf] ´'6\7f 7x/] sfg"g adf]lhd ;x'Fnf a'´fpFnf .
;Ël7t ;+:yf eP 5fk

b/vf:tjfnfsf]
;xL M–
gfd M–
ldlt M–
7]ufgf M–
rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
38
www.lawcommission.gov.np
cg';"rL –*
-lgod !$ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ljB't ljt/0fsf] cg'dltkqsf] b/vf:t
>L dxflgb]{zs,
ljB't ljsf; ljefu .
dxf]bo,
ljB't ljt/0f ug{ nfu]sf]n] ljB't P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $ / ljB't lgodfjnL, @)%)
sf] lgod !$ adf]lhd b]xfosf ljj/0fx? ;d]t v'nfO{ cfjZos sfuhft ;d]t ;+nUg /fvL of]
b/vf:t k]z u/]sf] 5' .
!=
ljB't ljt/0f ug]{ JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] gfd, 7]ufgf M–
@=
ljt/0f ul/g] ljB't pknAw u/fpg] kl/of]hgf÷:yfgsf] ljj/0f M–
#=
ljB't ljt/0f ul/g] ef]N6]h / kl/df0f M–
$=
ljB't ljt/0f ul/g] If]q M–
-s_ c~rn
-v_ lhNnf
-u_ uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsf
-3_ k"j{
pQ/
%=
klZrd
blIf0f
sfd z'? x'g] ldltM–
sfd ;dfKt x'g] ldlt M–
^=
cGo ljj/0fx? M–
dfly pNn]lvt Joxf]/f 7Ls ;fFrf] xf] ´'6\7f 7x/] sfg"g adf]lhd ;x'Fnf a'´fpFnf .
;Ël7t ;+:yf eP 5fk
b/vf:tjfnfsf]
;xL M–
gfd M–
ldlt M–
7]ufgf M–

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
39
www.lawcommission.gov.np
cg';"rL –(-s_
-lgod !& ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ljB't pTkfbgsf] cg'dltkq
cg'dltkq ;+Vof M–
g]kfn ;/sf/
pmhf{ dGqfno
dxfzo,
ljB't pTkfbgsf] nflu cg'dltkq kfpg ldlt ========= ========= df lbg' ePsf] b/vf:t
cg';f/ b]xfosf] ljj/0f vf]nL b]xfosf zt{x? ;lxt of] cg'dltkq k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .
!=
cg'dltkq kfpg] JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] k"/f gfd M–
7]ufgf M–
@=
ljB't kl/of]hgsf] gfd M–
#=
ljB't zlQm pTkfbg ug]{ ;fwg M–
$=
hn;|f]tsf] pkof]u ul/g] eP M–
-s_
gbLsf] gfd M–
-v_
hn;|f]t pkof]u ug{ kfOg] If]q M–
-u_
c~rn
lhNnf
k"j{
klZrd
pQ/
blIf0f
uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsf
k|of]u ul/g] hn;|f]tsf] kl/df0f M–
%=
d'Vo d'Vo ;+/rgfx?sf] ljj/0f / /xg] :yfg M–
^=
cg'dltkq axfn /xg] cjlw M–
&=
cGo zt{? M–
cg'dltkq lbg] clwsf/Lsf]
;xL M–
ldlt M–
gfd M–
kb M–

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
40

=============
www.lawcommission.gov.np
cg';"rL (-v_
-lgod !& ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ljB't k|;f/0fsf] cg'dltkq
cg'dltkq ;+Vof M–
g]kfn ;/sf/
pmhf{ dGqfno
dxfzo,
ljB't k|;f/0fsf] nflu cg'dltkq kfpg ldlt ========= ========= df lbg' ePsf] b/vf:t
cg';f/ b]xfosf] ljj/0f vf]nL b]xfosf zt{x? ;lxt of] cg'dltkq k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .
!=
cg'dltkq kfpg] JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] k"/f gfd M–
7]ufgf M–
@=
k|;f/0f kl/of]hgfsf] gfd M–
#=
ljB't k|;f/0f sxfFaf6 sxfF ug]{ xf] ;f]sf] ljj/0f M–
c~rn
$=
ljB't k|;f/0fsf] ef]N6]h / kl/df0f M–
%=
cg'dltkq axfn /xg] cjlw M–
lhNnf
uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsf
ldlt =============== b]lv ldlt ===========;Dd .
&=
cGo zt{x? M–
cg'dltkq lbg] clwsf/Lsf]
;xL M–
ldlt M–
gfd M–
kb M–

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
41

=============
www.lawcommission.gov.np
cg';"rL (-u_
-lgod !& ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ljB't ljt/0fsf] cg'dltkq
cg'dltkq ;+Vof M–
g]kfn ;/sf/
pmhf{ dGqfno
dxfzo,
ljB't ljt/0fsf] nflu cg'dltkq kfpg ldlt ========= ========= df lbg' ePsf] b/vf:t
cg';f/ b]xfosf] ljj/0f vf]nL b]xfosf zt{ ;lxt of] cg'dltkq k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .
!=
cg'dltkq kfpg] JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] k"/f gfd M–
7]ufgf M–
@=
ljt/0f kl/of]hgfsf] gfd M–
#=
ljt/0f ul/g] ljB't pknAw u/fpg] kl/of]hgf÷:yfgsf] ljj/0f M–
$=
ljB't ljt/0f ul/g] ef]N6]h / kl/df0f M–
%=
ljB't lj/t/0f ul/g] If]q M–
^=
c~rn
lhNnf
k"j{
klZrd
pQ/
blIf0f
uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsf
cg'dltkq axfn /xg] cjlw M–
ldlt =============== b]lv ldlt=========== ;Dd .
&=
cGo zt{x? M–
cg'dltkq lbg] clwsf/Lsf]
;xL M–
ldlt M–
gfd M–
kb M–

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
42

=============
www.lawcommission.gov.np
cg';"rL –!)
-lgod @@ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ljB't pTkfbg, k|;f/0f tyf ljt/0f ug{ cg'dltkq
cg'dltkq ;+Vof M–
g]kfn ;/sf/
pmhf{ dGqfno
dxfzo,
ljB't pTkfbg÷k|;f/0f÷ljt/0fsf] nflu cg'dltkq kfpg ldlt ============== sf] b/vf:t
cg';f/ b]xfo adf]lhdsf ljj/0fx? v'nfO{ ljB't P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -#_ /
ljB't lgodfjnL, @)%) sf] lgod @@ sf] pklgod -@_ cg';f/ of] cg'dltkq k|bfg ul/Psf]
5.
!=
ljB't pTkfbg÷k|;f/0f÷ljt/0f ug]{ JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] gfd / 7]uffgf M–
@=
ljB't pTkfbg s]Gb|x?sf] ljj/0f -k|To]s s]Gb|sf]_ gfd M–
-s_
hl8t Ifdtf -lsnf]jf6df_ M–
-v_
cg'dflgt jflif{s pTkfbg -lsnf]jf6df_ M–
-u_
sldzlgË ePsf] ldlt M–
-3_
ljB't pTkfbgdf k|of]u ePsf] ;fwg M–
-ª_
hn;|f]tsf] pkof]u ePsf] eP hn;|f]tsf] gfd M–
-r_
ljB't s]Gb| /x]sf] :yfg M–
c~rn
#=
lhNnf
uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsf
ljB't k|;f/0fsf] ljj/0f -k|To]s nfOgsf]_ M–
-s_
gfd M–
-v_
ef]N6]hsf] :t/ M–
-u_
tf/sf] ;fOh M–
-3_
k|;f/0f ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf M–
-ª_
;DalGwt ;a :6]zgx?sf] ef]N6]h / hl8t 6«fG;km/d/x?sf] IfdtfM–
-r_
k|;f/0f z'? u/]sf] ldlt M–
43
www.lawcommission.gov.np
$=
ljB't ljt/0fsf] ljj/0f M–
-s_
ljt/0fsf] If]q M–
c~rn
-v_
lhNnf
uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsf
ljt/0fsf] ef]N6]h M–
%=
ljt/0f 6«fG;km/d/x?sf] s"n Ifdtf M–
^=
u|fxssf] ;+:yf M
-s_
ufx{:y M
-v_
cf}Bf]lus M
-u_
Jofkfl/s M
-3_
=========
hDdf
&=
cf};t ljqmL b/ M–
*=
ljt/0f z'? u/]sf] ldlt M
(=
cg'dltkq axfn /xg] cjlw M–
!)=
cGo zt{x? M
cg'dltkq lbg] clwsf/Lsf]
;xL M–
ldlt M–
gfd M–
kb M–

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
44

=============
www.lawcommission.gov.np

cg';"rL–!!
-lgod @$ / @% ;Fu ;DalGwt_
cg'dltkq tyf cg'dltkq gjLs/0f b:t'/
s_ ljB't pTkfbgsf] ;j]{If0f cg'dltkqsf] nflu
qm=;+=
h8fg Ifdtf
!= Ps d]ufjf6eGbf dfly kf“r
d]ufjf6;Dd
@= kf“r d]ufjf6eGbf dfly bz
d]ufjf6;Dd
#= bz d]ufjf6eGbf dfly
kRrL; d]ufjf6;Dd
$= kRrL; d]ufjf6eGbf dfly
Ps ;o d]ufjf6;Dd
%= Ps ;o d]ufjf6eGbf dfly
kfFr ;o d]ufjf6;Dd
^= kfFr ;o d]ufjf6eGbf
dfly
cg'dltkq b:t'/
k|lt jif{ Psd'i6 bz nfv
?k}of“
k|lt jif{ Psd'i6 aL; nfv
?k}of“
k|lt jif{ Psd'i6 tL; nfv
?k}of“
k|lt jif{ Ps'di6 rfnL;
nfv ?k}of“
k|lt jif{ Ps'di6 krf; nfv
?k}of“
k|lt jif{ Ps'di6 ;f7L nfv
?k}of“
cg'dltkq gjLs/0f b:t'/
k|lt jif{ cg'dltkq
b:t'/ ;/x
k|lt jif{ cg'dltkq
b:t'/ ;/x
k|lt jif{ cg'dltkq
b:t'/ ;/x
k|lt jif{ cg'dltkq
b:t'/ ;/x
k|lt jif{ cg'dltkq
b:t'/ ;/x
k|lt jif{ cg'dltkq
b:t'/ ;/x

-s!_ ljB't -;f}o{ zlQm / jfo' zlQm_ pTkfbgsf] ;j]{If0f cg'dltkqsf] nflu k|lt d]ufjf6 k|lt
jif{ bz xhf/ ?k}ofF .

-s@_ ljB't pTkfbg -vlgh, t]n, sfOnf, UofF;, cf0fljs, afof]df;, kmf]xf]/ nufot s'g}
;fwgaf6_ sf] ;j]{If0f cg'dltkqsf] nflu k|lt d]ufjf7 k|lt jif{ kGw| xhf/ ?k}ofF .
v_ ljB't k|;f/0f tyf ljt/0fsf] ;j]{If0f cg'dltkqsf] nflu
qm=;+=
h8fg Ifdtf
!= Ps d]ufjf6eGbf dfly kf“r
d]ufjf6;Dd
@= kf“r d]ufjf6eGbf dfly bz
d]ufjf6;Dd
#= bz d]ufjf6eGbf dfly
kRrL; d]ufjf6;Dd
$= kRrL; d]ufjf6eGbf dfly
cg'dltkq b:t'/
k|lt jif{ Ps'di6 bz
xhf/ ?k}of“
k|lt jif{ Psd'i6 aL;
xhf/ ?k}of“
k|lt jif{ Psd'i6 tL;
xhf/ ?k}of“
k|lt jif{ Ps'di6 rfnL;

ldlt @)^(.^.!% df g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L x]/km]/ ul/Psf] .

ldlt @)^(.*.!* df g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L yk ul/Psf] .

ldlt @)&).*.!) df g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L x]/km]/ ul/Psf] .
45
cg'dltkq gjLs/0f b:t'/
k|lt jif{ cg'dltkq b:t'/
;/x
k|lt jif{ cg'dltkq b:t'/
;/x
k|lt jif{ cg'dltkq b:t'/
;/x
k|lt jif{ cg'dltkq b:t'/
www.lawcommission.gov.np
%=
^=
u_
qm=;+=
!=
@=
#=
$=
%=
^=
Ps ;o d]ufj6;Dd
Ps ;o d]ufj6eGbf dfly
kfFr ;o d]ufj6;Dd
kfFr ;o d]ufj6eGbf dfly
xhf/ ?k}of“
k|lt jif{ Ps'di6 krf;
xhf/ ?k}of“
k|lt jif{ Ps'di6 Ps nfv
?k}of“
;/x
k|lt jif{ cg'dltkq b:t'/
;/x
k|lt jif{ cg'dltkq b:t'/
;/x
ljB't pTkfbg, k|;f/0f tyf ljt/0fsf] cg'dltkqsf] nflu
h8fg Ifdtf
Ps d]ufjf6eGbf dfly kf“r d]ufjf6;Dd
kf“r d]ufjf6eGbf dfly bz d]ufjf6;Dd
bz d]ufjf6eGbf dfly kRrL; d]ufjf6;Dd
kRrL; d]ufjf6eGbf dfly Ps ;o d]ufj6;Dd
Ps ;o d]ufj6eGbf dfly kfFr ;o d]ufj6;Dd
kfFr ;o d]ufj6eGbf dfly
46
cg'dltkq b:t'/
-ljB't pTkfbg_
Psd'i6 kfFr nfv ?k}of“
Psd'i6 ;ft nfv ?k}of“
Psd'i6 bz nfv ?k}of“
Psd'i6 tL; nfv ?k}of“
Psd'i6 rfnL; nfv ?k}of“
Psd'i6 krf; nfv ?k}of“
www.lawcommission.gov.np
cg';"rL –!@
-lgod $* ;Fu ;DalGwt_
tf/b]lv e"O{;Dd x'g' kg]{ Go"gtd b'/L
qm=;+=
ljB't ef]N6]hsf] :t/
;8s jf/ kf/
;8s 5]p
cGo :yfgdf
ubf{
ld6/
ld6/
%=*
%=%
$=^
^=!
%=*
%=@
ld6/
!
@#).$)) eGbf dfly !!,)))
eGbf sd
@
!!,))) / ;f] eGbf dfly
##,))) ;Dd
47
www.lawcommission.gov.np
cg';"rL –!#
-lgod %) ;Fu ;DalGwt_
tf/ b]lv 3/ jf ?v;Dd x'g' kg]{ Go"gtd b"/L
qm=;+=
ljB't ef]N6sf]
3/ tyf ?vaf6 x'g] Go"gtd
:t/
b"/L
!=
@#)÷$)) b]lv !!,))) ;Dd
!=@% ld6/
@=
!!,))) eGbf dfly b]lv ##,))) ;Dd
@=)) ld6/
b|i6Jo M–pk/f]Qm Go"gtd b"/L sfod ubf{ xfjfsf] rfkn] pTkGg x'g] tf/sf] pRrtd dRofO{
-DoflS;dd l8ˆn]S;g_ ;d]tsf] lx;fa ug'{ kg]{5 .
48
www.lawcommission.gov.np
cg';'rL –!$
-lgod &$ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
lah'nLaf6 x'g] b'36{gfsf] k|ltj]bg k7fpg] 9fFrf
!==
b'3{6gfsf] ldlt / ;do M–
@=
b'3{6gf ePsf] c~rn, lhNnf tyf :yfg M–
#=
ljB't ;KnfO{ ef]N6]h tyf k|0ffnL M–
$=
b'3{6gfdf k/L d/]sf] jf 3fon ePsf] JolQmx?sf] gfd . b'36{gfdf s'g} hgfj/ k/]sf]
eP ;f] ;d]t pNn]v ug]{ M–
%=
b'3{6gf ePsf] If]qsf] cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmsf] gfd M–
^=
b'3{6gfdf k/]sf] JolQmsf] k]zf -ljB't ;DalGwt sfd ug]{ jf cGo k|sf/sf] sfo{ ug]{_
:ki6 pNn]v ug'{kg]{ M–
&=
*=
-s_
ljB't sfo{ ubf{ b'3{6gfdf k/]sf] eP ;f] sf] ljj/0f M
-v_
c? sfo{ ubf{ b'3{6gfdf k/]sf] eP, s;/L ;f] eof] ;f] sf] ljj/0f M
ljB't sfo{ ubf{ b'3{6gfdf k/]sf] eP s;sf] cfb]zfg';f/ sfo{ ubf{ b'3{6gf ePsf] xf], ;f]
sf] gfd, bhf{ / ;f] af/] lghsf] egfO{ M–
(=
b'3{6gfsf] k"0f{ ljj/0f M–
!)=
b'3{6gf ePkl5 ul/Psf] ljj/0f M–
!!=
kl5 o:tf] b'3{6gf kg{ glbg cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] ckgfPsf]÷ckgfpg] sfo{qmd
ljj/0f M–
ldlt M–
cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmsf]
b:tvt M–
gfd M–
bhf{ M–
49