OUTLINE 1. Introduction: • Briefly describe the need for pacing in rodents and the importance of pacemakers in studying cardiac function and disease. • Mention the development of wireless implantable pacemakers and their advantages over traditional wired pacemakers. 2. Background: • Discuss the history of pacemaker development and their evolution over time. • Detail the basic principles of wireless pacemaker operation and its components. 3. Wireless Implantable Pacemakers in Rodents: • Describe the current state of research using wireless implantable pacemakers in rodent models. • Provide examples of studies that have used wireless pacemakers in rodents, including their design, implantation technique, and results. 4. Advantages of Wireless Implantable Pacemakers in Rodents: • Discuss the benefits of using wireless pacemakers in rodents, including reduced invasiveness, improved survival rates, and easier monitoring and data collection. • Explain how wireless pacemakers can increase the accuracy and reliability of cardiac function data and facilitate the study of complex cardiac conditions. 5. Limitations and Challenges: • Discuss the limitations and challenges of using wireless implantable pacemakers in rodents, including battery life, signal interference, and implantation technique. • Evaluate the potential impact of these limitations on the accuracy and reliability of cardiac function data and suggest ways to overcome them. 6. Conclusion: • Summarize the current state of research on wireless implantable pacemakers in rodents and evaluate their potential impact on the field. • Suggest areas for future research and discuss the potential for translation to human clinical applications.