FUNDAMENTALS OF GENETICS
DAY1
1. The scientist who conducted hybridization experiments on pea plants ……[Gregor Johann Mendel]
2. Plant, which Mendel worked on (scientific name)……………………. [Pisum sativum]
3. The physical manifestation of a gene ………………………………………[phenotype]
4. Two alternative forms of a gene ……………………………………[allele]
5. When both alleles of a particular gene are similar …………………………….[homozygous]
6. The variant of a particular character of an individual …………………………..[trait]
7. The trait that is expressed in homozygous condition only……………………………[recessive]
8. A cross performed to find the genotype of heterozygotes for single character…………….. [ONE TRAIT
test cross]
9. Example of incomplete dominance (scientific name) ………………………. [Antirrhinium]
10. Inheritance of human blood group defies Mendel law and shows ……………………. [co-dominance]
11. Inheritance that shows blending of characters ……………………………. [incomplete dominance]
12. A trait that is expressed by more than two alleles ……………………….[human blood group]
13. A pattern of inheritance when two genes are equally dominant ……………[co-dominant]
14. If a person has genotype AB, the person is ………………………….. for the trait [ heterozygous]
15. A trait that is expressed in heterozygotes …………………………….. [dominant]
16. Inheritance pattern involving two characters …………………………… [dihybrid]
17. The combinations other than parental combination in F2 generation of involving two characters
…..{recombinants]
18. The phenotypic ratio of cross with two characters ……… [9:3:3:1]
19. The reason for new combinations in the cross with two characters …….[independent assortment]
20. Alleles move to different gametes during meiosis is stated by the law….. [segregation]
Day2
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Day 3
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A chart prepared to study inheritance pattern in humans …………..[pedigree]
Two or more non allelic genes influence a particular phenotype……………. [polygenes]
An example of cumulative effect of genes ………………………. [skin colour in humans]
When one gene influences the expression of more than one character ………. [pleiotropy]
Mutation in hb gene cause the disease ………………….…. [sickle cell anemia]
Mention two examples of pleiotropy ……………… [sickle cell, phenylketonuria, starch synthesis in pea
seeds]
Scientist who said behavior of chromosome and genes are parallel….[Sutton and Boveri]
Chromosomes that normally occur in pairs and are responsible for somatic characters ………….
[Autosomes]
The sex determination in man and Drosophila is referred as …………… [male heterogamy]
What type of sex determination is shown by butterflies and moths ……. [female heterogamy]
Sex chromosomes are also called ………………..[allosomes]
Inheritance of genes present on the sex chromosomes …………….. [sex linked inheritance]
Inheritance pattern of genes on X chromosome ……………. [criss-cross inheritance]
The non parental characters formed in a dihybrid cross……………….. [ recombinants]
An example of X linked inheritance …………………. [colurblindness/haemophilia]
Inheritance of two or more genes on the same chromosome …………… [linkage]
The exchange of genetic material between non sister chromatids ….. [crossing over]
When non parental combinations are not seen linkage is ………. [complete]
The reason for new combinations in the cross with two characters …….[independent assortment]
Alleles move to different gametes during meiosis is stated by the law….. [segregation]
Inheritance pattern of genes on X chromosome ……………. [criss-cross inheritance]
The non parental characters formed in a dihybrid cross……………….. [ recombinants]
Two or more non allelic genes influence a particular phenotype……………. [polygenes]
An example of cumulative effect of genes ………………………. [skin colour in humans]
A pattern of inheritance when two genes are equally dominant ……………[co-dominant]
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Mutations occurring in the wild ………………………… [spontaneous]
Substances that cause mutations ……………………… [mutagens]
Mutations that effect only one gene ……………………. [point mutations]
Mutation that involves change in number of nucleotides ……………. [frame shift]
Mutations that involve rearrangement of nucleotides ……………….. [substitution]
Failure of segregation of chromatids leading to loss or gain of chromosome…. [chromosomal
aberrations]
Syndrome resulting due to lack of one sex chromosome having 45 chromosomes …. [Turner]
An autosomal defect caused by addition or deletion in the nucleotides coding for haemoglobin chain
…… [Thalassemia]
An autosomal disease caused due to base substitution in the haemoglobin gene …. [Sickle cell
anemia]
Disorder caused due to an additional copy of chromosome 21 …….. [Down syndrome]
MOLECULAR BASIS OF GENETICS
56. Scientist who discovered that nuclein is responsible for hereditary characters ……(Oskar Hertwig)
57. Scientist who first isolated nucleic acid………. (Fredrich Meischner)
58. F. Griffith worked on mice with bacteria…………. (Diplococcus pneumonia) Has to be underlined
59. The process of introduction of DNA from one bacterium to another……… (Transformation)
60. Proof that DNA is the genetic material was given by…………………. (Harshey & Chase)
Day 4
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Day 5
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The stability of DNA over RNA is due to………………….. (Thymine base)
Rosalind Frankleins contribution was………………. (x-ray diffraction pictures of DNA )
The positively charged proteins in DNA ………………………………(histones)
DNA wrapped around protein form………………………………. (nucleosome)
The darkly stained regions of DNA………………………………. (heterochromatin)
Gene as unit of function is …………………….(ciston)
The DNA between two nucleosomes is………………………. (linker)
Gene as unit of recombination is ………………….(Recon)
The enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bond in DNA …………………..(helicase)
The strand of DNA to which the complementary nucleotides are attached……………………… (template)
A group of 10 nucleotides that form a base for beginning a new DNA chain…………………….. (RNA
primer)
The enzyme that creates the new DNA strand ………………………………….(DNA polymerase III)
The strand of DNA that is leading has polarity………………………………….. (5’ to 3’)
The fragments of DNA on the lagging strand………………………………. (Okasaki)
The enzyme that seals the gap in DNA ………………………………(ligase)
The type of replication of DNA is ……………….. (semiconservative )
The medium used for centrifugation in Meselson and Stahl experiment ……….. [Cesium chloride]
The discontinous strand of DNA is called …… [lagging strand]
The clover leaf shaped RNA is ……………. [transfer RNA]
The flow of genetic information from DNA to protein is called ….. [central dogma]
The existence of genetic code was proposed by ……….. [ F.H. C Crick]
Smallest unit of nitrogenous base in a genetic code is called … [codon]
The start codon is ……. [AUG]
The start codon, codes for ………… [Methionine]
The copying of DNA to RNA is called ………………..[transcription]
The site where transcription begins………………. (Promoter)
The enzyme that unzips DNA during transcription………………….. (RNA polymerase)
The expressing sequences in m RNA are……………………………… (exons)
The promoter in prokaryotes is called ………………… [sigma factor]
The each codon codes for only one specific amino acid the property is ……………. [unambigious]
91. The DNA polymerase reads the bases in the direction ………….. [ 3’to 5’]
92. The process of removing introns from the mRNA in eukaryotes is called….. [RNA splicing]
93. The initial RNA formed is …………………….. [heterogenous nuclear RNA]
94. The non-coding regions on the mRNA …………………….[Introns]
95. The process of converting transcribed mRNA to protein ….[translation]
96. The process of capping adds ………………………… [methyl guanosine triphosphate]
97. The process of adding adenylates during tailing is called ……………..[polyadenylation]
98. The anti sense strand is also called …………………..[non coding /template]
99. The enzyme RNA polymerase moves in the direction ……………….[3’ to 5’]
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RNA polymerase II transcribes………………………. [heterogenous nuclear RNA]
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During termination in prokaryotes the RNA polymerase binds with a ………………… [Rho
factor]