manual-tecnico-incubadora-rwt-plus-esp

IGH[GL PÃFHCFM CHF[DG@MTG @K PTGHV^MTPK IM@KLM T_P-^L[V Igym/4>74 Tkvcscöh. >> ÉH@CFK 7 - C@KHPCECFGFCÖH .................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. ......................................................... ; 7.7 ‖ HMIDTK S IM@KLM ......................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................................................................... ; 7.4 - @KVFTC^FCMHKV @KL ^TM@[FPM ........................................................................................................ ; 7.6 - ^TCHFÉ^CMV EÉVCFMV ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ 5 7.0 - CH@CFGFCÖH, ECHGLC@G@ ECH GLC@G@ M [VM G W[K VK @KVPCHG KL ^TM@[FPM ........................................ ............................................... ....... 5 7.; - PKTIMV S @KECHCFCMHKV ............................................................. ...................................................................................................................... ......................................................... 5 4 - KV^KFCECFGFCMHKV PÃFHCFGV ....................................................................... .................................................................................................................... ............................................. ? 4.7 - VCIDMLMOCG [PCLCZG@G KH KL KW[C^M .............................................................................................. .............................................................................................. 3 6 ‖ VKO[TC@G@ S KECFÇFCG @KL ^TM@[FPM ................................................................. ............................................................................................... .............................. 7> 0 - ^GTPKV S GFFKVMTCMV GFMI^G×GHPKV ......................... ............................................................................................. .................................................................... 70 0.7 - IÖ@[LM @K FMHPTML ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... 7; 0.4 - FÚ^[LG ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... 75 0.6 - LKFBM FMH FMLFBÖH ................................................................. ......................................................................................................................... ........................................................ 7? 0.0 - DGPKTÉG.................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................. ..... 7? 0.; - DGPKTÉG TKFGTOGDLK VKF[H@GTCG ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ 72 0.5 - ECLPTM @K GCTK .................................................................. ...................................................................................................................................... .................................................................... 72 0.? - KV^MHJG @K BB[IC@CECFGFCÖH ......................................................................................................... 72 72 0.2 - UÇLU[LG @K MRÉOKHM LCICPG@MTG ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... 73 0.3 - ‖UÇLU[LG @K MRÉOKHM ^GVCUG ............................................................................................................ ................................................................. ........................................... 0.7> ^GTGOML^KV CHPKOTGL ............................................................................................................. ................................. ................................................................................. ..... 73 44>> 0.77 - CL[ICHGFCÖH G[RCLCGT ................................................................ ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................... 4> 0.74 - FGTTM FMH GJ[VPK @K GLP[TG ...................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................... 4> 0.76 - VM^MTPK @K V[KTM .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... 47 0.70 - VKHVMT @K TH TH................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................... 47 0.7; - LLGUK ECJG .......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................ .................. 47 0.75 - UÇLU[LG TKO[LG@MTG ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... 44 0.7? - EL[JMIKPTM.................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................ .................................................................... 44 0.72 - PMIG@G @MDLK ................................................................................................................................... 4444 0.73 - IGHO[KTG ^GTG MRÉOKHM .............................................................................................................. 46 46 ; - M^FCMHGLKV, GFFKVÖTCMV K I IGPKTCGL GPKTCGL @K FMHV[IM ..................................................................... 46 ;.7 - VCVPKIG VKTUMFMHPTMLG@M ^GTG B[IK@G@ ........................................................................ ............................................................................. ..... 46 ;.4 - VCVPKIG VKTUMFMHPTMLG@M ^GTG MRÉOKHM ....................... .............................................................................. ....................................................... 4400 ;.6 - VCVPKIG @K MRCIKPTÉG CHPKOTG@M ................................................................... ................................................................................................. .............................. 4; ;.0 -- FGDLK KRPKHVMT ^GTGPC^M VKHVMT @ @K K MRCIKPTÉG ........................................................................... ........................................................................... ........................................... 45 45 45 ;.; VKHVMT @K MRCIKPTÉG S ........................................................................................................... ................................................................ ;.5 - FÚ^[LG FMH ^GVG@MT @MDLK ........................................................................................ .......................................................................................................... .................. 4? ;.? - VM^MTPK @K IMHCPMT IKHMT ............................................................................ .......................................................................................................... .............................. 42 ;.2 - VM^MTPK @K IMHCPMT IGSMT ............. ........................................................................................ ............................................................................................. .................. 43 ;.3 - VCVPKIG @K PTGDG ^GTG ECJGFCÖH ..................................................................... ................................................................................................... .............................. 43 ;.7> - FGTTM IGFG........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ 43 ;.77 - FGTTM VCH GJ[VPK @K GLP[TG ........................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................ 6> ;.74 - T[K@G @K 5" ............................... ........................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .............................. 6> ;.76 - IGHO[KTG ^GTG GCTK FMI^TCIC@M (FÖ@. 45;>>7>3>4) ............................................................ 6> ;.70 - DGPKTÉG KH FMHEMTIC@G@ FMH @CTKFPCUG TMBV ..................................................................... 6> ;.7; - FMHUKTVMT @K PKHVCÖH....................................................................... .................................................................................................................. ........................................... 67 ;.75 - VKHVMT @K TH @KVFGTPGDLK (FÖ@. 45>>>0>>;>) ....................................................................... 67 ;.7? - VKHVMT @K PKI^KTGP[TG G[RCLCGT ((FÖ@. FÖ@. 45>>>0>>0>) ........................................................... 67 67 ;.72 - FG^G ^GTG FMLFBÖH G[PMFLGUGDLK ............................................................ .......................................................................................... .............................. 64 ;.73 - FMLFBÖH @ @K K OKL ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ 64 ;.47 ;.4> - FMHJ[HPM G@G^PG@MTTÃO[G ^GTG P P[DMV PTC^LK [DMV @K .................................................................................. ................................................................................................................ UKHPCLGFCÖH .......................... .................................................................................. ........................................................ .............................. 66 6644 ;.44 - HKD[LCZG@MT ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... 66 ;.46 - TKGHCIG@MT IGH[GL ....................................................................................................................... 66 4 ;.40 - FG^[FBG ^GTG MRCOKHCMPKTG^CG ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. 60 ;.4; - FCLCH@TM ^GTG OÇV ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... 60 ;.45 - ECLPTM @K GCTK ................................................................ .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................... 6; ;.4? - G@BKVCUMV ^GTG VKHVMT @K MRCIKPTÉG ................................................................... ..................................................................................... .................. 6; ;.42 - G@BKVCUMV ^GTG VKHVMT @K TH.................................................................................................... 6655 5 - FMH@CFCMHKV KV^KFCGLKV @K GLIGFKHGICKHPM, FMHVKTUGFCÖH K/M IGHC^[LGFCÖH @KL ^TM@[FPM .................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................... ..... 65 5.7 - GHPKV @K LG CHVPGLGFCÖH ...................................................................... ................................................................................................................. ........................................... 65 65 5.4 ‖ @KV^[ÃV @K LG CHVPGLGFCÖH ................................................................ ........................................................................................................... ........................................... 6? ? - G@UKTPÊHFCGV K/M[ ^TKFG[FCMHKV G VKTKI G@M^PG@GV........................................................... 6? 6? ?.7 - MRÉOKHM ............................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................. ..... 63 ?.4 - MRCIKPTÉG CHPKOTG@M................................................................. ........................................................................................................................ ....................................................... 63 2 - CHVPGLGFCÖH @KL KW[C^GICKHPM ................................................................ ........................................................................................................... ........................................... 0> 2.7 - @KVKIDGLGJKI ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................... 0> 2.4 - FBKW[KM ^TKLCICHGT......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... 0> 2.6 - IMHPGJK @KL KW[C^GICKHPM ................................................................. ............................................................................................................ ........................................... 0> 2.0 - CHVPGLGH@M LMV FCLCH@TMV ................................................................... .............................................................................................................. ........................................... 00 2.; - CHVPGLGH@M @KL VCVPKIG @K MRCIKPTÉG CHP CHPKOTG@M KOTG@M (M^FCMHGL) ........................ .......................................... .................. 0; 2.5 - CHVPGLGFCÖH @KL HKD[LCZG@MT (M^FCMHGL) ............. ................................................................................. .................................................................... 05 2.? - CHVPGLGFCÖH @KL FGTTM IGFG KH UKÉF[LM (M^FCMHGL) ........................................................... ........................................................... 05 2.2 - CHVPGLGFCÖH @KL VKHVMT PKI^KTGP[TG G[RCLCGT (M^FCMHGL) .............................................. ;> 3 - TKLGPÖTCM @K CHVP CHVPGLGFCÖH GLGFCÖH......................................................................... .................................................................................................................... ........................................... ;7 7> ‖ KHFKH@CKH@M LG CHF[DG@MTG C HF[DG@MTG @K PTGHV^MTPK - IM@KLM T_P ^L[V .................................... ;4 7>.7 - [PCLCZGFCÖH IM@ IM@M M GCTK ......................................................................... .................................................................................................................... ........................................... ;6 7>.4 - [PCLCZGFCÖH @M IM@M TH ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ;0 7>.6 - FMHPTML @ @K K B[IK@G@ .................................... ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................. ..... ;5 7>.6 - FMHPTML @K MRÉOKHM ........................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ........................................... ;3 ;3 7>.0 - MRCIKPTÉG @K ^[LVM CHPKOTG@G ((IÖ@[LM IÖ@[LM M^FCMHGL) ............................................................ 50 7>.; - OTÇECFMV @K PKH@ÊHFCG .................... ............................................................................................... ............................................................................................. .................. 5? 77 - TKF[TVMV G@CFCMHGLKV ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ 53 77.7 - DLMW[KM @K PKFLG@M ........................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ........................................... 53 77.4 ‖ EKFBG S BMTG .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... ?> 77.6 - FG@GVPTM @KL ^GFCKHPK ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ?7 77.0 - PKI^KTGP[TG GIDCKHPK ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ?4 77.; - FGTOG @K LG DGPKTÉG ............................................................................ ....................................................................................................................... ........................................... ?4 74 - E[HFCMHGICKHPM @K LGV GLGTIGV ...................................................................... .................................................................................................... .............................. ?6 74.7 - UKTCECFGFCÖH @K LGV GLGTIGV .................................. ...................................................................................................... .................................................................... ?2 76 - IGH[PKHFCÖH........................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ .................................................................... ?3 76.7 - IGH[PKHFCÖH ^TKUKHPCUG ...................................................... ............................................................................................................. ....................................................... ?3 76.4 - IGH[PKHFCÖH ^KTCÖ@CFG ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................ 27 76.6 - FGIDCM @KL E ECLPTM CLPTM @K GCTK ............................................................................................................ 24 76.0 - FGIDCM @KL @ KL ECLPTM @K GCTK @K LG UÇLU[LG @K MRÉOKHM ^GVCUG..................................... ^GVCUG.......................................... ..... 26 76.; - FGIDCM @KL @ KL ECLPTM @K GCTK @K LG UÇLU[LG @K MRÉOKHM LCICPG@MTG ................................ 26 76.5 - FGIDCM @KL ECLPTM @K GCTK @K LG UÇLU[LG @K MRÉOKHM VKTUMFMHPTMLG@G ................ 2266 76.? - TKIMFCÖH @KL ^GHKL @K GLCIKHPGFCÖH @K LG CHF[DG CHF[DG@MTG @MTG ............................. ............................................... .................. 20 76.2 - TKIMFCÖH @KL ^GHKL IÖ@[LM @K LMV VKHVMTKV @K LG CHF[DG@MTG ......................... .............................. ..... 20 76.3 - TKIMFCÖH @KL ^GHKL IÖ@[LM @K FMHPTML @K LG CHF[DG@MTG ........................................ 2; 76.7> - FGIDCM @K LG DGPKTÉG @KL TKLÖJ-FGLKH@ÇTCM ...................................................................... 25 76.77 - TKIMFCÖH @K @ K LG PGTJKPG @K FMHP FMHPTML TML @KL @CV^LGS ............................................................ 2? 76.74 - TKIMFCÖH @KL IÖ@[LM E[KHPK @K LG CHF[DG@MTG ............................................................. 3> 76.76 - FGIDCM @K LG E[KHPK GJ[VPGDLK @K GLCIKHPGFCÖH 7;U@F 4> GI^ÃTKV ........................ 34 76.70 - FGIDCM @KL ICFTMUKHPCLG@MT @KL IÖ@[LM E[KHP E[KHPK K ........................................................... 34 76.7; - FGIDCM @K LG DGPKTÉG @K DGFA[^ TKFGTOÇDLK ......................... .................................................................... ........................................... 3300 6 76.75 - FGIDCM @K LG PGTJKPG @K GLCIKHPGFCÖH @K LG ^GVPCLBG @K B BB[IC@CECFGFCÖH B[IC@CECFGFCÖH ........... 3; 76.7? - FGIDCM @K LG DGPKTÉG FT4>64 6U @K LG PGTJKPG E[KHPK .................................................... 3? 76.72 - TKIMUCKH@M LG ^LGFG E E[KHPK......................................................... [KHPK.................................................................................................... ........................................... 3322 76.73 - FGIDCM @K LG LÄI^G@G G[RCLCGT................................................................................................. G[RCLCGT................................................................................................. 33 76.4> - @CV^LGS FMH P PMHGLC@G@ MHGLC@G@ IGV KVF[TG ..................................................................................... ..................................................................................... 7>> 76.47 - UKECTCFGFCÖH @KL E E[HFCMHGICKHPM [HFCMHGICKHPM CHFMTTKFPM KH LG BB[IC@CECFGFCÖH .................. 7>> 76.44 - FGIDCM @K LG ICFTMD[KIDG .......................................................................... ...................................................................................................... ............................ 7>7 76.46 - FGIDCM @K LG UÇLU[LG VMLKHÖC@K @KL FMHPTML @K VGLC@G ................ ............................................ ............................ 7>6 7>6 76.40 - FGIDCM @K LG PGTJKPG @K BB[IC@CECFGFCÖH ......................................................................... 7>0 7>0 76.4; - FGIDCM I GH[PKHFCÖH IGH[PKHFCÖH S TKIMFCÖH @KL VKHVMT @K LG FÚ^[LG ............................ 7>? 7>; 76.45 @K LG DGPKTÉG 74U@F 66 IÖ@[LM GI^ÃTKV@KL ....................... ............................................................................. ...................................................... 70 - LCI^CKZG K GVK^VCG........................ GVK^VCG.................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................ ............................ 7>3 70.7 - LCI^CKZG........................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. ... 7>3 70.4 - GVK^VCG............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................... ... 775 7; - FÖ@COMV @K GFFKVM S FGLCDTGFCÖH T_P-^L[V ........................................................................... ........................................................................... 775 7;.7 - FÖ@COMV @K KTTMTKV @KL VCVPKIG T_P-^L[V ....................................................... ....................................................................... ................ 744 7;.4 - VML[FCÖH @K ^TMDLKIGV..................................................................... .............................................................................................................. ......................................... 740 75 ‖ @CD[JMV S TKLGFCÖH @K ^GTPKV ....................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... 74; 7? - KVW[KIGV KLÃFPTCFMV................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ..................................................... 74; 72 - OGTGHPCG................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................... ... 745 0 7 - C@KHPCECFGF C@KHPCECFGFCÖH CÖH 7.7 - HMIDTK K IM@KLM Hmidrk tãfhcfm: Chfudg`mrg `k Prghspmrtk Hmidrk fmikrfcgl: fmikrfcgl: Chfudg`mrg `k Prghspmrtk Im`klm fmikrfcgl: T_P ^L[V Ecourg 7 ‖ Chfudg`mrg `k Prghspmrtk T_P ^L[V 7.4 - @KVFTC^FCMHKV @KL ^TM@[FPM Lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk trg hspmrtk T_P ^lus kstç `kstchg`g gl trghspmrtk trghsp mrtk tkrrkstrk y gãrkm fmh gltm rcksom `k prkigturms m `k dgjm pksm gl hgfkr rkfcãh hgfc`ms fmh khekrik`g`ks orgvks. Lg içquchg `cspmhk `k `ms im`ms `k euhfcmhgickhtm: tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk `k fmhtrml (GPF) y Fmhtrml `k Pkipkrgturg TH (CPF). Kh kl im`m `k GCTK lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk ightckhk lg tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk kstgdlk kh kl chtkrcmr `k lg fçigrg `k rkfcãh hgfc`m ik`cghtkpmr lg kl fmipgrgfcöh tkipkrgturg`kl`klgcrk gcrk lg fúpulg, lg tkipkrgturg `k fmhtrml kstgdlkfc`g mpkrg`mr. Vc`klglgtkipkrgturg ks `khtrm gltg, kl`k fglkhtg`mr sk fmh gpgog bgstg quk lg tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk fgk pmr `kdgjm `kl vglmr prkkstgdlkfc`m pmr kl mpkrg`mr. Kh kl im`m `k HD kh lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk gjustgh`m kl fglkhtgickhtm dgsg`m kh kl vglmr `k tkipkrgturg lké`m pmr lg pckl `kl rkfcãh hgfc`m y lg TH tkipkrgturg gjustg`g pmr kl mpkrg`mr. ^grg ightkhkr lg tkipkrgturg `k uh pgfckhtk fkrfg fmhstghtk gl vglmr ecjg`m pmr kl mpkrg`mr, kl pghkl `k fmhtrml chfudg`mrg fmipgrgr lg tkipkrgturg ik`c`g pmr kl skhsmr `k TH g lg tkipkrgturg kstgdlkfc`g pmr kl mpkrg`mr ik`cghtk kl klkvgfcöh m lg `csichufcöh `k lg tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk `khtrm `k lg chfudg`mrg, fmim Ugrcgfcöh `k tkipkrgturg `k lg pckl `kl pgfckhtk. Fmipgrtcikhtm `kl TH tckhk fúpulg `k `mdlk pgrk` `k gfrélcfm trghspgrkhtk `k gltg rkscstkhfcg, quk tckhk `ms pukrtgs (ermhtglks y lgtkrglks), y pgsgjks `k tudms fmh scstkig `k vk`gfcöh elkxcdlk. [hg pukrtg `k gffksm ermhtgl fmh `ms mjms `k duky fmh lg ighog `k ighom y uhg pukrtg lgtkrgl fmh lg ighog `kl crcs merkfkh prmfk`cickhtms `k gpkrturg tmtgl pgrg rkfcãh hgfc`m. Lg fgig `kl pgfckhtk kstç kqucpg`g fmh fchturmhks `k skourc`g` quk `kdk chvmlufrgr gl pgfckhtk ùrghtk kl trghspmrtk. Vk puk`k imvkr eukrg `k lg fúpulg g trgvãs `k ouégs, egfclctgh`m kl gffksm g lms rkfcãh hgfc`ms bgstg rkglczgfcöh prmfk`cickhtms g`cfcmhglks. Fmh lg mpkrgfcöh kxtrkig`gikhtk sclkhfcmsg, lm quk rksultg ikhms imlkstcgs kl pgfckhtk, kstg chfudg`mrg prmpmrfcmhg uh fmhtrml `k lgs tkipkrgturgs kh lgkhGCTK im`ms y TH,pgrg mpfcmhgl fmim skrvm fmhtrmlg`gs euhfcmhks `k lg buik`g` rklgtcvg y lg Fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k mxéokhm, glfghzgh`m fmhfkhtrgfcmhks tgh gltgs `k buik`g` `kl gcrk y mxéokhm, rkspkftcvgikhtk, `khtrm `k lg rkvcstg rkfcãh hgfc`m, y mxciktrég `k pulsm ; chtkorg`m y pghkl `k fmhtrml ermhtgl fmh pghtgllg `k ? "`k pghtgllg ghfbg LF@ `k fmlmr orçecfm quk schtktczg tm`gs lgs mpfcmhks `k gjustk y imhctmrczgfcöh fmh orçecfms `k tkh`khfcgs pgrg kl trgtgickhtm y `cgohöstcfm g trgvãs `kl ikhú chtkrgftcvm, sk puk`k chtkrgftugr g trgvãs `k lg ikidrghg `k tkflg`m, pghtgllg tçftcl y kl igh`m rmtgtmrcm. Kl kqucpm tgidcãh kstç kqucpg`m fmh cluichgfcöh guxclcgr pgrg ikjmrgr lg vcsuglczgfcöh `k pgfckhtks kh khtmrhms msfurms. Lg chfudg`mrg euk fmhstruc`m pgrg mpkrgr kh lg rk` Glcikhtgfcöhn 74>-46>U ~, m tkhscöh kxtkrhg `k 74U ...... gidulghfcgs, tgidcãh puk`k euhfcmhgr fmh dgtkrégs chtkrhgs quk puk`kh prmpmrfcmhgr bgstg 66> ichutms (mpfcmhgl) gutmhmiég mpkrgfcöh. Lgs dgtkrégs sk fgrogh fmhstghtkikhtk fugh`m lg uhc`g` kstç fmhkftg`g g lg rk` klãftrcfg. Mpfcmhglikhtk, uh g`gptg`mr puk`k skr gfmplg`m kh lg chfudg`mrg, lm quk lk pkrictk mpkrgr kl Kqucpgickhtm ^[K@K Glcikhtgfcöhn vmltgjk khtrk 74 y 02 UFF, pkrictckh`m utclczgfcöh `k lg chfudg`mrg, tbcs @mh`k `cspmhcdlk tkhscöh sk Glcikhtgfcöhn. Lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk T_P ^lus tm`gvég puk`k skr tcrg`g `k su smpmrtk fmh ruk`gs y gfmplgrsk `crkftgikhtk kh uh fgrrm igfg fmh glturg gjustgdlk m ecjg, ightkhckh`m kl scstkig ecjgfcöh kstçh`gr kxcstkhtk kh lg gidulghfcg. Pgidcãh tckhk fmim uh scstkig `k dlmqukm `k gffksmrcm pgrg ecjgfcöh kl suklm gidulghfcg, quk pkrictk quk lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk sk dlmqukg kh kl chtkrcmr `kl vkbéfulm. 7.6 - ^TCHFÉ^CMV EÉVCFMV Lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk T_P ^L[V fmhstg `k uh fukrpm fmhstruc`m `k plçstcfm `k chokhckrég fmh kl mdjktcvm `k fmhtkhkr uh rkfcãh hgfc`m buighm (HD), lm quk pkrictk su vcsuglczgfcöh g trgvãs `k uh igtkrcgl gfrélcfm trghspgrkhtk fúpulg `k `mdlk pgrk`. @khtrm `kl fmipgrtcikhtm `kl rkfcãh hgfc`m, lgs fmh`cfcmhks gidckhtglks sk puk`kh ightkhkr fmim ks rkqukrc`m pmr lg TH g trgvãs `k lg ighutkhfcöh `k fglkhtgickhtm `k gcrk, kl klkvgfcöh `k fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k mxéokhm y lg buik`g` rklgtcvg, g`kiçs `k lg gcslgickhtm gfústcfm y dgjm hcvkl `k ruc`m prmùfc`m pmr kl kqucpm. ^grg ogrghtczgr lgs ikjmrks fmh`cfcmhks gidckhtglks pgrg kl pgfckhtk, kl gcrk y mxéokhm gìctc`m `khtrm `k lg içquchg sk ecltrgh `k emrig ch`kpkh`ckhtk pgrg kvctgr kl pgsm `k pgrtéfulgs igymrks `k >,; icfrgs, prmpmrfcmhgh`m uh gcrk chtkrhm fmh igymr éh`cfk y lms fmhtrmls `k purkzg tkipkrgturg, buik`g` mxéokhm chfudg`mrg fgdm ik`cghtk uh scstkig `k gcrk`k emrzg`m, `mh`k sky gspcrg uhgy fghtc`g` fmhtrmlg`g sk `k llkvgh gcrk g gtrgvãs `k uh imtmr g trgvãs`k `klFcrfulgfcöh ecltrm `k khtrg`g gcrk, búik`g khrcqukfc`g fmh mxéokhm sk `cstrcduyk `k ighkrg uhcemrik kh kl ik`cm gidckhtk `k fmhtrml `kl fmipgrtcikhtm rkfcãh hgfc`m. Kstk scstkig ightckhk lms icfrm fcrfulgfcöh chtkrhg `k gcrk fglkhtg`m sk ecltrgrmh y fmrrkftgikhtk, kstk elujm `k gcrk pgsg `crkftgikhtk `k lms skhsmrks `k fmhtrml `k tkipkrgturg, buik`g` y mxéokhm, tgl scstkig tgidcãh kvctg lg gfuiulgfcöh `k `cöxc`m `k fgrdmhm `khtrm `kl fmipgrtcickhtm. 7.0 - CH@CFGFCÖH, ECHGLC@G@ M [VM G W[K VK @KVPCHG KL ^TM@[FPM Ch`cfgfcöh: Fléhcfgs, mecfchgs, bmspctglks, igtkrhc`g`ks y Tkimfcöh `k kiprksgs quk hkfksctgh trghspmrtgr uh Ch`cfgfcöh: rkfcãh hgfc`m fmh khekrik`g`ks orgvks m prkigturm dgjm pksm gl hgfkr. Echglc`g`:: Fmhtkhkr uh rkfcãh hgfc`m buighm, lm quk pkrictk su vcsuglczgfcöh g trgvãs `k uhg fúpulg `k Echglc`g` gfrélcfm trghspgrkhtk fmh `mdlk pgrk`. @khtrm `kl fmipgrtcikhtm `kl rkfcãh hgfc`m, lgs fmh`cfcmhks gidckhtglks sk puk`kh ightkhkr fmim ks rkqukrc`m pmr lg TH g trgvãs `k lg ighutkhfcöh `k fglkhtgickhtm `k gcrk, kl klkvgfcöh `k Fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k mxéokhm y lg buik`g` rklgtcvg, g`kiçs `k lg gcslgickhtm gfústcfm y dgjm hcvkl `k ruc`m prmùfc`m pmr kqucpm. G`kiçs, kl prmùftm pkrictk lg imhctmrczgfcöh `k lg erkfukhfcg fgr`égfg V^M4 y kl trghspmrtk tkrrkstrk / `k kstms pgfckhtks. 7.; - PKTIMV S @KECHCFCMHKV • • • • • • • Zmhg `k Fmhtrml: puhtm fkhtrgl sctug`m g 7> fi pmr khfcig `k lg supkrecfck `kl fmlfböh. Pkipkrgturg `k lg Chfudg`mrg `k Prghspmrtk: tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk ik`c`g kh uh puhtm 7> fi pmr khfcig `kl fkhtrm `k lg supkrecfck `k lg fmlfböh kh lg fçigrg `k rkfcãh hgfc`m. Pkipkrgturg `kl Fmhtrml: vglmr `k lg tkipkrgturg sklkffcmhg`g pmr kl usugrcm g lg chfudg`mrg `k fmhtrml `k tkipkrgturg. Fmh`cfcöh `k Pkipkrgturg Kstgdlk: Fmh`cfcöh lmorg fugh`m lg tkipkrgturg `k lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk quk hm vgrég içs `k 7 ¾ F ùrghtk uh pkrcm`m `k 7 bmrg. Pkipkrgturg Ik`cg: Lkfturgs `k lg tkipkrgturg prmik`cm mdtkhc`ms ùrghtk Fmh`cfcöh tkipkrgturg kstgdlk y kh chtkrvglms rkoulgrks, kh fuglquckr fmipgrtcikhtm puhtm kspkfcecfg`m. Pkipkrgturg Ik`cg `k lg Chfudg`mrg `k Prghspmrtk: Lgs lkfturgs `k tkipkrgturg ik`cghgs `k lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk pgrg lms dkdãs rkfcãh mdtkhc`ms ùrghtk Fmh`cfcöh tkipkrgturg kstgdlk, rkglczg`m g chtkrvglms rkoulgrks. [hcemric`g` `k lg Pkipkrgturg: Föim lg tkipkrgturg ik`cg sk `cekrkhfcg `k lg tkipkrgturg ik`cg chfudg`mrg Fmh`cfcöh tkipkrgturg Ugrcgfcöh `k lggPkipkrgturg: @cekrkhfcgkstgdlk. khtrk lg tkipkrgturg `k lg chfudg`mrg k lg tkipkrgturg ik`cg `g chfudg`mrg kh lg fmh`cfcöh `k tkipkrgturg kstgdlk. • 5 • • • • • • Vmdrk-klkvgfcöh `k lg Pkipkrgturg: vglmr kxfk`c`m `k lg tkipkrgturg chtkrcmr kh rklgfcöh fmh lg tkipkrgturg ik`cg `k lg chfudg`mrg kh Fmh`cfcöh tkipkrgturg kstgdlk `kdc`m g fgidcms kh kl fmhtrml `k tkipkrgturg. Pkipm `k Klkvgfcöh `k lg Pkipkrgturg: Pckipm rkqukrc`m pgrg lg chfudg`mrg pgrg klkvgr su tkipkrgturg pmr 77 ¾ F fugh`m kl fmhtrml `k tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk ks `k gl ikhms 74 ¾ F pmr khfcig `k lg tkipkrgturg gidckhtk. Im`m Gcrk m GPF: Im`m kh kl quk lg tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk ks fmhtrmlg`m gutmiçtcfgikhtk pmr uh skhsmr `k tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk y sk ightckhk fkrfg `kl vglmr `kechc`m pmr kl mpkrg`mr. Im`m TH m CPF: chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk fmh lg tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk fmhtrmlg`g tckhk lg fgpgfc`g` g`cfcmhgl pgrg tkipkrgturg `kl`kgcrk kh lg chfudg`mrg pgrg ightkhkr lg tkipkrgturg `k lg pckl ik`c`g pmrfmhtrmlgr kl skhsmrlg`k tkipkrgturg gfukr`m fmh lg tkipkrgturg `k fmhtrml kstgdlkfc`g pmr kl mpkrg`mr. ^mhtms `k Ik`cfcöh: Fmrrkspmh`k g ; puhtms kh plghm pgrglklm, 7> fi pmr khfcig `k lg supkrecfck `kl fmlfböh. [h puhtm ks kh kl fkhtrm `kl fmlfböh y mtrms sk emrigh kh kl fkhtrm `k lgs zmhgs pmr lgs léhkgs quk `cvc`kh lg ghfburg y lmhoctu` kh `ms pgrtks couglks. Fglcdrgfcöh `k Tutchg: Lg fglcdrgfcöh `k lg chfudg`mrg y sus euhfcmhks, `k fmhemric`g` fmh prkkstgdlkfc`ms pmr lgs hmrigs `kl egdrcfghtk. 4 - KV^KFCECFGFCMH KV^KFCECFGFCMHKV KV PÃFHCFGV Hmtg: - Mlc`ke bg ikjmrg`m lg pmlétcfg fmhtchúg `k sus prmùftms y sk rkskrvg kl `krkfbm `k im`cecfgr lgs Kspkfcecfgfcmhks tãfhcfgs sch prkvcm gvcsm.- Lms gffksmrcms mpfcmhglks y kl usm hm kxfluscvm `k lms fmhsuicdlks quk sk `ksfrcdkh kh kstk ighugl, tckhkh sus prmpcms rkocstrms kh lg GHUCVG y pmr lm tghtm, hm ks uhg pgrtk chtkorgl `kl rkocstrm `k lg Chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk im`klm `k T_P ^L[V. - Ghtks `k utclczgr lms gffksmrcms, pmr egvmr, lkg lgs chstruffcmhks `k kstk fgpétulm. Flgscecfgfcöh skouh`m lg GHUCVG Hmidrk Pãfhcfm Chfudg`mrg `k Prghspmrtk Hmidrk Fmikrfcgl Chfudg`mrg `k Prghspmrtk Im`klm Fmikrfcgl T_P ^L[V Flgsk `k khfug`rgickhtm Flgsk CCC (gltm rcksom) Tkocstrm GHUCVG 7>44?72>>67 Tkspmhsgdlk Pãfhcfm Flgytmh Gh`rã `ms Vghtms - FTKG: ;>57;37>>6/V^ Flgscecfgfcöh y Fgrgftkréstcfgs `kl Kqucpgickhtm Flgsk `k Gsmlgfcöh Flgsk C k Khkroczg`m Chtkrhgikhtk ^grtk Gplcfg`g Pcpm DE ^rmtkffcöh Fmhtrg ^khktrgfcöh `k Kqucpgickhtm fmiúh ‖ C^R> Goug Im`m `k Mpkrgfcöh Fmhtchum ^rmtkffcöh Fmhtrg Gtimsekrgs Kxplmscvgs Fmlfböh Kstgdclc`g` ikfçhcfg Fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k FM4 Uklmfc`g` `kl gcrk smdrk m fmlfböh Tuc`m chtkrhm kh lg Fúpulg (gidckhtk <0;`DG) Hm g`kfug`m pgrg utclczgfcöh kh lg prkskhfcg `k ghkstãscfms chelgigdlks Lgvgdlk, fmh rkvkstcickhtm ki ÛF gtöxcfm. Lcictg`g g 7>¾ `k chflchgfcöh Chekrcmr g >,4% Chekrcmr g >,6;i/s Chekrcmr g 5> `DG Mds. Flgscecfgfcöh k fgrgftkréstcfgs fmhemrik hmrigs HDT CKF 5>5>7-7 k HDT CKF 5>5>7-4-4>. Kspkfcecfgfcmhks Klãftrcfgs Glcikhtgfcöh Pkhscöh F.G. Pkhscöh F.F Vklkffcöh gutmiçtcfg `k tkhscöh 74>-46> U~ ·7>% 74 U Mds. Mtrms tcpms `k tkhscöh pm`kh skr utclczg`ms `k gfukr`m fmh lg hkfksc`g` `k utclczgfcöh `kl kqucpgickhtm. Fmrrckhtk (74? / 44> U) 0,>G Erkfukhfcg `k rk`k Ichc `csyuhtmrks E7/E4 ^mtkhfcg `k khtrg`g 4,;G ;>/5>Bz 2G ‖ Ichc `csyuhtmr rkgrigdlk 62> _ ? Klkikhtm fglkhtg`mr Lçipgrg Guxclcgr Tkscstkhfcg klãftrcfg plghg, gsmlg`g, imhtg`g kh `cscpg`mr `k gluichcm ghm`czg`m. ^mtkhfcg hmichgl: 4>> _ Lk` ‖ IT77, 74Uff, 7 _ Dgtkrég Tkfgrogdlk oklgtchmsg, skllg`g, 74 U Gutmhmiég `g dgtkrég Kxpkftgtcvg `k Uc`g `g dgtkrég Pkipm `k Fgrog Iéhcig `g dgtkrég 0 bmrgs 4>> fgrogs k `ksfgrogs 40 bmrgs Kl. Mtrms tcpms `k lçipgrgs sk puk`kh utclczgr `k gfukr`m fmh lg hkfksc`g` `k kqucpms `k utclczgfcöh. Kl. Mtrms tcpms `k dgtkrégs puk`kh skr utclczg`ms `k gfukr`m fmh lg hkfksc`g` `k quk lg utclczgfcöh `k kqucpms. Kspkfcecfgfcmhks Ikfçhcfgs - Chfudg`mrg Glturg 244 ii Lgrourg 7>4; ii ^rmeuh`c`g` ;;> ii @cikhscmhks `g Fúpulg ?65 R 06>,; R 63; ii Umluikh `g Fúpulg 77> L Fmlfböh 6>; R 57> ii Glturg Chtkrhg `m Fmlfböh p/ Fúpulg 67; ii Glturg `k ^gsgjk `m Fmlfböh x Gffksm 440 ii ^ksm gprmxcig`m s/ ms fclch`rms k gffksmrcms 67 ao ^ksm gprmxcig`m f/ fclch`rms (tcpm K f/ fgrog) k ?;,; ao gffksmrcms Fclch`rms pgrg ogs (mxéokhm m gcrk fmiprcic`m) Gtã 4 uhc`g`ks Kspkfcecfgfcöh: @MP 6GL m @MP 6GG (gfkrm m gluichcm) ^ksm kidglg`m s/ ms fclch`rms k gffksmrcms 5; Ao Kspkfcecfgfcmhks Ikfçhcfgs ‖ Vmpmrtk f/ Gjustk `k Glturg Glturg `m smpmrtk kh lg pmscfcöh gltg * 252 ii Glturg `m smpmrtk kh lg pmscfcöh dgjg * 63> ii Lgrourg 7>6> ii ^rmeuh`c`g` ;;; ii ^ksm gprmxcig`m f/ Chfudg`mrg s/ ms fclch`rms k ;7 ao gffksmrcms ^ksm gprmxcig`m f/ Chfudg`mrg f/ fclch`rms (tcpm K f/ 3;,;ao fgrog) k gffksmrcms Glturg `m Hcvkl `m Fmlfböh içxcig 7>0> ii Glturg `m Hcvkl `m Fmlfböh iéhcim ?0> ii Vmpmrtk Kstrufturg tudulgr iktçlcfg kh gluichcm Mds. @cekrkhtks `k smpmrtkemr pm`rçh skr `kskhvukltms, fmhemrik kl vkbéfulm `mh`ktcpms g chfudg`mrg utclczg`g. Tuk`g `k ;’ f/ Erkhm (Mpfcmhgl 5’ f/ Erkhm) ^ksm kidglg`m `m smpmrtk 0 uhc`g`ks 63,4 ao * G glturg fmh ruk`g mpfcmhgl `k 5’ quk`gh 0;ii içs gltg. Kspkfcecfgfcöh Pãfhcfg - Pkipkrgturg: Tksmlufcöh Tksmluf cöh `m @csplg @csplgyy Egjg `k fmhtrml pgrg im`m GT (GPF) ^rkfcscöh `k Ch`cfgfcöh `k Pkipkrgturg GT Egjg `k fmhtrml pgrg im`m TH (CPF) ^rkfcscöh `k Ch`cfgfcöh `k Pkipkrgturg TH Pkipm gprmxcig`m `k fglkhtgickhtm pgrg klkvgr g tkipkrgtur tkipk rgturgg `k 4;¾ F g 65¾ F Ch`cfgfcöh `g tkipkrgturg >,7¾ >,7¾F F 4>,> g 63,>¾ 63,>¾F F · >,6¾ >,6¾F F 6>,> g 62,>¾F · >,4¾ >,4¾F F 0> ichutms > g ;>¾ ;>¾F F * Pkipkrgturg gidckhtk khtrk 4>ºF ‖ 4;ºF. Kspkfcecfgfcöh Pãfhcfg - Mxéokhm: Tksmlufcöh `kl @csplgy Egjg `k gftugfcöh `kl `csplgy `k M4 Egjg `k Fmhtrml `m M4 (skrvm fmhtrmlg`m) 7% > g 7>> % 47 ‖ 5; % 2 ^rkfcscöh `k Fmhtrml M4 (fglcdrg`m ki 47%) ^rkscöh pgrg Fglcdrgfcöh Egjg `k tkipkrgturg pgrg mpkrgfcöh `ms skhsmrks Elujm içxcim `k khtrg`g `k M4 (^rkscöh 6,;Aoe/fi´) Hcplk `k khtrg`g (skrvm fmhtrmlg`m) ^rkscöh `k mpkrgfcöh (skrvm fmhtrmlg`m) Kspkfcecfgfcöh Pãfhcfg - Buik`g`: Tksmlufcöh `kl @csplgy gftugfcöh `csplgy `k Buik`g` Egjg `k Fmhtrml `g`kl Buik`g` ^rkfcscöh `k Fmhtrml `g Buik`g` Egjg `k tkipkrgturg pgrg mpkrgfcöh `m skhsmr Umluikh `kl Tkskrvgtmrcm Pkipm `k Mpkrgfcöh* ·;% ;4; g 362 iiBo 7> g 0>ºF 64 lpi Tmsfg 3/75’ ‖ 72 [HE 6,; Aoe/fi´ (03,?2 ^VC) 7% 7>>%% 4> ‖g 3; · ;% 7> g 0>¾ 0>¾F F 7>>> il 40b ‖ 2>% * Pkipkrgturg Gidckhtk 46ºF k Buik`g` Tklgtcvg `m Gr khtrk 0> k ;>% k Pkipkrgturg `k Fmhtrml im`m GT 60ºF. Kspkfcecfgfcmhks Pãfhcfgs - Mxciktrég: Tksmlufcöh `kl @csplgy - VpM4 Tksmlufcöh `kl @csplgy ‖ ûlsm Egjg `k lkfturg VpM4 ^rkfcscöh `k lkfturg VpM4 Egjg `k lkfturg `m ûlsm ^rkfcscöh `k lkfturg `m ûlsm 7% 7 > g 7>> % ?> g 3;% ·6 `éoctms (Gris*) 4> g 4;> dpi ·6 `éoctms * Gris kholmdg 52% `g pmpulgfcöh Fgrogs VmpmrtkIçxcigs `k Vukrm Lkfbm Kstghtks Guxclcgrks 7 Ao (pmr oghfbm) 7> Ao 7> Ao 4.7 - VCIDMLMOCG [PCLCZG@G KH KL KW[C^GICKHPM Lkkr y fmiprkh`kr kl scohcecfg`m `k kstms séidmlms ghtks `k usgr lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk - im`klm T_P ^L[V. Khfkh`c`m / @kskhfkh`c`m (sölm pgrg uhg pckzg `k kqucpm) ^grtk gplcfg`g tcpm DE GPKHFCÖH! Fmhsultgr `mfuikhtms gfmipg÷ghtks Vclkhfcg Glgrig Pkflg quk `kslcog kl smhc`m `k lgs glgrigs. (Ukjg ctki GLGTIGV) @kskhfkh`c`m (sch tkhscöh klãftrcfg `k glcikhtgfcöh) Khfkh`c`m (fmh tkhscöh klãftrcfg `k glcikhtgfcöh) Klkvgfcöh `g egjg `kskg`g Tkùffcöh `g egjg `kskg`g 3 Cluichgfcöh guxclcgr Pkflg quk bgdclctg lg sklkffcöh `k tkipkrgturg igymr `m quk 6?,>ºF Pkflg quk bgdclctg/`ksbgdclctg lg trgdg `kl tkflg`m Bgdclctg kl usm `k lg chfudg`mrg m fmhecourgfcmhks m sciplkikhtk khtkr Im`m GCTK Im`m TH Fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k M4 Buik`g` rklgtcvg Ch`cfg`mr `k Glgrig Ch`cfg`mr egltg `k khkroég 6 - VKO[TGHÏG S KECFÇFCG @KL ^TM@[FPM Lg chfudg`mrg T_P ^lus içs kl trghspmrtk ks fmiplktgikhtk skourm, yg quk lgs hmrigs `k skourc`g` smh skouc`ms y tm`gs lgs rkfmikh`gfcmhks `ksfrctgs kh kstk ighugl `kl usugrcm. Kl kqucpm kstç `csk÷g`m y egdrcfg`m fmh igtkrcglks kstçh`gr (hm töxcfms) `kl iã`cfm / bmspctgl, y pkrictcr uhg eçfcl kstkrclczgfcöh. Ks prçftcfm y `csk÷g`m pgrg ogrghtczgr lg skourc`g` fmiplktg, Fugh`m sk ightckhkh (gligfkhg`m) y sk ightuvckrmh fmim sk bg ikhfcmhg`m kh kl puhtm 5 - Fmh`cfcmhks kspkfcglks `k gligfkhgickhtm, Fmhskrvgfcöh y / m Ighcpulgfcöh `kl prmùftm, kstk ighugl, kl kqucpm hm vg g pkr`kr m gltkrgr sus fgrgftkréstcfgs eéscfgs y `cikhscmhglks. Lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk T_P ^L[V kstç `csk÷g`m, kvglug`m y fuiplk fmh lgs scouckhtks hmrigs `k skourc`g` y `k: HDT CKF 5>5>7-7 HDT CKF 5>5>7-4-4> HDT CKF 5>5>7-7-4 FCV^T 77 CKF 57>>>-6-4 CKF 57>>>-6-6 CKF 57>>>-0-4 CKF 57>>>-0-6 CKF 57>>>-0-0 CKF 57>>>-0-; CKF 57>>>-0-5 CKF 57>>>-0-2 CKF 57>>>-0-77 GPKHFCÖH - Lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk T_P ^L[V rkquckrk prkfgufcmhks kspkfcglks fmh rkspkftm g KIF (fmipgtcdclc`g` klkftrmigohãtcfg) y `kdk skr chstglg`m y pukstm kh euhfcmhgickhtm `k gfukr`m fmh lg chemrigfcöh `k KIF prmpmrfcmhg`g kh kstk ighugl. Lg chfudg`mrg hm kictk chtkrekrkhfcgs klkftrmigohãtcfgs khfcig `kl hcvkl fmipgtcdlk fmh lg su fgtkomrég, y tgidcãh prkskhtg fckrtg chiuhc`g` g lgs chtkrekrkhfcgs klkftrmigohãtcfgs glrk`k`mr. Tkolgs okhkrglks y khsgyms `k fmipgtcdclc`g` klkftrmigohãtcfg pgrg chfudg`mrgs `k trghspmrtk sk gplcfgh g kstk kqucpm y sk `ktkrichö kl ik`cm gidckhtk y lgs prkfgufcmhks quk `kdkh g`mptgrsk pgrg su s chstglgfcöh y pmstkrcmr mpkrgfcöh, fmhsultk lgs scouckhtks tgdlgs. Kqucpm `k Fmiuhcfgfcöh `k TE iövclks y pmrtçtclks puk`kh gekftgr g lms kqucpms iã`cfms klãftrcfms. - Lg gffksmrcms `k utclczgfcöh, trghsùftmrks, hm skhsmrks y fgdlks `k rk` mrcochgl, puk`kh `gr luogr g kicscmhks `k klkvgfcöh m `csichufcöh `k lg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V Kqucpm `k trghspmrtk Chiuhc`g`. 7> @crkftrcfks y @kflgrgfcöh `kl Egdrcfghtk ‖ Kicscöh Klkftrmigohãtcfgs Lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk T_P ^lus ks pgrg usm kh kl khtmrhm klkftrmigohãtcfm kspkfcecfg`m g fmhtchugfcöh. Vk rkfmickh`g quk kl flckhtk m kl usugrcm us ugrcm `klg fuhg flcigtczg`g IGPTCR VF ogrghtczgr quk sk utclczg kh `cfbm khtmrhm. Khsgym `k Kicscöh Fmhemric`g` Kicscöh `k Tg`cmerkfukhfcg (TE) GDHP HDT FCV^T 77 Orupm 7 Kicssæm `k Tg`cmerkfukhfcg (TE) GDHP HDT FCV^T 77 Kicssûks `k Bgriðhcfms CKF 57>>>-6-4 Flgsk G Elutugfcmhks `k Pkhscöh / Fchtclgfcöh CKF 57>>>-6-6 Flgsk G Fmhemrik Gidckhtk Klkftrmigohãtcfm ‖ Ouég Lg Chfudg`mrg `k Prghspmrtk T_P ^L[V utclczg khkroég `k TE gpkhgs pgrg sus euhfcmhks chtkrhgs. Hm kh tghtm, sus kicscmhks `k TE smh iufbm dgjgs y hm ks prmdgdlk quk fguskh fuglquckr chtkrekrkhfcg kh kqucpgickhtms klkftröhcfms pröxcims. Lg Chfudg`mrg `k Prghspmrtk T_P ^L[V ks g`kfug`g pgrg utclczgfcöh kh tm`ms lms kstgdklkfcickhtms quk hm skgh `miãstcfms y pm`kh skr utclczg`ms kh kstgdklkfcickhtms rksc`khfcglks y gqukllms `crkftgikhtk fmhkftg`ms î rk`k púdlcfg `k `cstrcdufcöh `k ` k khkroég klãftrcfg `k dgjg tkhscöh quk glcikhtk k`cecfgfcmhks pgrg utclczgfcöh `miãstcfg, `ks`k quk kl scouckhtk gvcsm skg khtkh`c`m: Gvcsm: Kstk kqucpgickhtm ks `kstchg`m pgrg utclczgfcöh gpkhgs pklms prmekscmhglks `k lg çrkg `k lg sglu`. Kstk kqucpgickhtm pm`k fgusgr rg`cm chtkrekrkhfcg m chtkrruipcr mpkrgfcmhks `k kqucpgickhtms kh lgs prmxcic`g`ks. ^m`k skr hkfksgrcm g`mptgr prmfk`cickhtms `k ictcogfcöh, tglks fmim rkmrckhtgfcöh m rkglmfgfcöh `k lg Chfudg`mrg `k Prghspmrtk T_P ^L[V m dlch`gjk `m lmfgl. @cstghfcgs `k skpgrgfcöh rkfmikh`g`gs khtrk kqucpgickhtms `k fmiuhcfgfcöh pmr TE imvãcs m pmrtgdlks k g Chfudg`mrg `k Prghspmrtk T_P ^L[V Lg Chfudg`mrg `k Prghspmrtk T_P ^L[V ks `kstchg`g pgrg usm kh gidckhtk klkftrmigohãtcfm kh lm quk lgs pkrturdgfcmhks `k crrg`cgfcöh pmr TE smh fmhtrmlg`gs. Kl fmiprg`mr m usugrcm `k lg Chfudg`mrg `k Prghspmrtk T_P ^L[V pm`k gyu`gr g prkvkhcr chtkrekrkhfcgs klkftrmigohãtcfgs ightkhckh`m lg `cstghfcg iéhcig khtrk lms kqucpgickhtms `k fmiuhcfgfcöh pmr TE imvãcs m pmrtgdlks (trghsicsmrks) k lg Chfudg`mrg `k Prghspmrtk T_P ^L[V fmim rkfmikh`g`m gdgjm, `k gfukr`m fmh lg pmtkhfcg içxcig `k sglc`g `m kqucpgickhtm `k fmiuhcfgfcöh. @cstghfcg `k skpgrgfcöh rkfmikh`g`g `k gfukr`m fmh lg erkfukhfcg `kl trghsicsmr (i) Hcvkl içxcim `kflgrg`m `k lg 7;> aBz g 2> IBz 7;> aBz g 2> IBz kh pmtkhfcg `k sglc`g eukrg `k lgs dgh`gs 2> IBz g 2>> IBz 2>> IBz g 4,; OBz lgs dgh`gs CVI 7/4 7/4 `m trghsicsmr (_) `9 7,4 ^ `9 4,6 ^ CVI 7/4 `9 7,4 ^ 7/4 `9 >,6; >,>7 >,>0^ >,74 >,74 >,46 >,7 >,77 >,62 >,62 >,?6 7 >,6; 7,4> 7,4> 4,6> 7> 7,77 6,2> 6,2> ?,6> 7>> 6,;> 74,>> 74,>> 46,>> ^grg lms trghsicsmrks fmh uh içxcim `kflgrg`m sglc`g `k khkroég `cekrkhtks g lms ikhfcmhg`ms ghtkrcmrikhtk, Vkpgrgfcöh `cstghfcg rkfmikh`g`g ` uhg kh iktrms (i) sk puk`k `ktkrichgr ik`cghtk kl kfugfcöh gplcfgdlk g lg erkfukhfcg `kl trghsicsmr, `mh`k ^ ks lg pmtkhfcg içxcig `kflgrg`g sglc`g trghsicsmr kh vgtcms (_) Gfukr`m fmh lg kl egdrcfghtk `kl trghsicsmr. HMPG 7: Kh 2> IBz k 2>> IBz, lg `cstghfcg `k skpgrgfcöh pgrg g ig igymr ymr egjg `k erkfukhfcg ks gplcfgdlk. HMPG 4: Lgs dgh`gs CVI (chùstrcglks, fckhtéecfgs k iã`cfgs) khtrk 7;> aBz k 2> IBz smh 5,?5; IBz g 5,?3; IBz1 76,;;6 IBz g 76,;5? IBz1 45,3;? IBz g 4?,426 IBz1 k 0>,55 IBz g 0>,?> IBz. HMPG 6: [h egftmr g`cfcmhgl `k 7>/6 sk bg chfmrpmrg`m kh lgs eöriulgs utclczg`gs pgrg kl fçlfulm `k lg Vkpgrgfcöh `cstghfcg rkfmikh`g`g pgrg lms trghsicsmrks kh lgs dgh`gs CVI khtrk 7;> aBz y 2> IBz y kh lg erkfukhfcg `k egjg 2> IBz g 4,; OBz, fmh lg kl mdjktcvm `k rkùfcr lg pmscdclc`g` `k TE iövcl Kqucpgickhtms pmlvm `k Fmiuhcfgfcöh / pmrtçtclks fgusgh chtkrekrkhfcgs sc chg`vkrtc`gikhtk trgé`m g lgs çrkgs pgrg lms pgfckhtks. HMPG 0: Kstgs `crkftrcfks puk`kh hm skr gplcfgdlks kh tm`gs lgs sctugfcmhks. Lg prmpgogfcöh klkftrmigohãtcfg sk vk gekftg`g pmr lg gdsmrfcöh y rkelkxcöh `k kstrufturgs, mdjktms y pkrsmhgs. 77 @crkftrcfks y @kflgrgfcöh `kl Egdrcfghtk - chiuhc`g` Klkftrmigohãtcfg Lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk T_P ^lus ks pgrg usm kh kl khtmrhm klkftrmigohãtcfm kspkfcecfg`m g fmhtchugfcöh. Kh fgsm `k quk kl fmiprg`mr m usugrcm chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk T_P ^L[V gskourgrsk `k quk sk utclczg kh `cfbm khtmrhm. Khsgym `k Hcvkl `k Khsgym `g Hcvkl `k Gidckhtk Klkftrmigohãtcfm - @crkftrcfks CI[HC@G@ CKF 5>5>7 Fmhemric`g` Hm ks gptm pgrg skr utclczg`m Kqucpgickhtms `k Fmiuhcfgfcöh pmr rg`cmerkfukhfcg iövcl m pmrtçtclks `k ikhmr `cstghfcg kh Tklgfcöh g fuglquckr pgrtk `k lg Chfudg`mrg `k Prghspmrtk T_P ^L[V, chfluykh`m fgdlks, quk lg `cstghfcg rkfmikh`g`g Vkpgrgfcöh, fglfulg`m pmr kfugfcöh gplcfgdlk g lg erkfukhfcg `kl trghsicsmr. @cstghfcg `k skpgrgfcöh rkfmikh`g`g TE fmhùfc`g CKF 57>>>-0-5 TE crrg`cg`g CKF 57>>>-0-6 7> Uris 7/4 7> Uris `97,4 ^ 7> U/i `97,4 ^ 7;> aBz g 2> IBz kh lgs dgh`gs CVIg 7> U/i 2> IBz g 4,; OBz 7/4 2> IBz g 2>> IBz 7/4 2>> IBz g 4,; OBz `94,6 ^ @mh`k ^ ks kl hcvkl içxcim `k pmtkhfcg `kflgrö lg sglc`g `kl trghsicsmr kh vgtcms (_) Gfukr`m fmh lg kl egdrcfghtk `kl trghsicsmr y ` ks lg `cstghfcg rkfmikh`g`g Vkpgrgfcöh kh iktrms (i).d Ks fmhvkhckhtk quk lg chtkhsc`g` `k fgipm `k lms trghsicsmrks `k TE, skoúh lm `ktkrichg`m pmr uh kstu`cm klkftrmigohãtcfm `kl fgipm, f `kdk skr ikhmr quk kl hcvkl `k fuiplcickhtm `k fg`g egjg `k erkfukhfcg. @ Vk puk`kh prmùfcr chtkrekrkhfcgs kh lgs prmxcic`g`ks `k lms kqucpms igrfg`ms fmh kl scouckhtk séidmlm: HMPG 7: G 2> IBz k 2>> IBz, g igymr egjg `k erkfukhfcg ks gplcfgdlk. HMPG 4: Kstgs `crkftrcfks puk`kh hm skr gplcfgdlks kh tm`gs lgs sctugfcmhks. Lg prmpgogfcöh klkftrmigohãtcfg sk vk gekftg`g pmr lg gdsmrfcöh y rkelkxcöh `k kstrufturgs, mdjktms y pkrsmhgs. g Lgs dgh`gs CVI (chùstrcglks, fckhtéecfgs k iã`cfgs) khtrk 7;> aB aBzz k 2> IBz smh 5,?5; IBz gtã 5,?3; IBz1 IBz1 76,;;6 IBz gtã 76,;5? IBz1 45,3;? IBz gtã 4?,426 IBz1 k 0>,55 IBz gtã 0>,?> IBz. lms hcvklks `k fuiplcickhtm kh lgs dgh`gs `k erkfukhfcg CVI khtrk 7;> aBz a Bz y 2> IBz y kh lg erkfukhfcg `k lg egjg khtrk 2> IBz g 4,; OBz sk `kechkh fmh kl k l ech `k rkùfcr lg pmscdclc`g` `k Kqucpgickhtms `k Fmiuhcfgfcmhks pmr TE iövclks / pmrtçtclks fgusgh chtkrekrkhfcgs sc sk s k bgfk chg`vkrtc`gikhtk zmhgs `kstchg`gs g lms pgfckhtks. ^mr lm tghtm, uh egftmr g`cfcmhgl 7>/6 sk bg chfmrpmrg`m g lgs l gs eöriulgs utclczg`gs pgrg fglfulgr lg Vkpgrgfcöh `cstghfcg rkfmikh`g`g pgrg lms trghsicsmrks kh kstgs egjgs `k erkfukhfcg. 74 f Lgs chtkhsc`g`ks `k fgipm `k lms trg trghsicsmrks hsicsmrks ecjms, tglks fmim kstgfcmhks `k dgsk `k rg`cm `k (fklulgr / chglçidrcfg) y lg rg`cm iövcl tkrrkstrk, rg`cmgecfcmhg`ms, rg`cm GI y EI y kicscmhks `k PU hm sk s k puk`kh prk`kfcr tkörcfgikhtk fmh prkfcscöh. ^grg kvglugr kl khtmrhm klkftrmigohãtcfm okhkrg`m pmr trghsicsmrks `k TE ecjms, ks fmhvkhckhtk quk uhg khfukstg klkftrmigohãtcfg `kl fgipm sk fmhsc`krg. Vc lg chtkhsc`g` `k fgipm f gipm ik`c`g kh kl luogr kh kl quk sk utclczg lg l g chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk T_P ^L[V supkrg kl hcvkl `k fuiplcickhtm gplcfgdlk pgrg TE sk `kechk ghtkrcmrikhtk, ks `kskgdlk quk lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk T_P ^L[V sk mdskrvg pgrg lg vkrcecfgfcöh `k quk kstç euhfcmhgh`m hmriglikhtk. Vc sk mdskrvg uh euhfcmhgickhtm ghmrigl, ik`c`gs g`cfcmhglks puk`kh skr hkfksgrcms, tglks fmim rkmrckhtgfcöh m rkfmlmfgfcöh `k lg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V Prghspmrtk. ^mr khfcig `k lg erkfukhfcg egjg `k 7;> aBz g 2> IBz, ks fmhvkhckhtk quk lg chtkhsc`g` `k fgipm ks chekrcmr g 7> U / i. @crkftrcfks y `kflgrgfcöh `kl egdrcfghtk - chiuhc`g` klkftrmigohãtcfg Lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk T_P ^lus ks pgrg usm kh kl khtmrhm klkftrmigohãtcfm kspkfcecfg`m g fmhtchugfcöh. Kh fgsm `k quk kl fmiprg`mr m usugrcm chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk T_P ^L[V gskourgrsk `k quk sk utclczg kh `cfbm khtmrhm Hcvkl `k Khsgym `k lg CKF Gidckhtk klkftrmigohãtcfm Khsgym `k CI[HC@G@ Hcvkl `k Fmhemric`g` 5>5>7 `crkftrcfks @ksfgrog Klkftrmstçtcfg · 5 aU fmhtgftm · 5 aU fmhtgftm Ks fmhvkhckhtk quk lms suklms smh `k ig`krg, bmricoöh y (@KV) fkrçicfg. Vc lms suklms kstçh · 2 aU pklm gcrk · 2 aU pklm gcrk fudckrtms fmh igtkrcgl schtãtcfm, CKF 57>>>-0-4 ks hkfksgrcm quk lg Buik`g` rklgtcvg ks gl ikhms kl 6>%. Prghsctmrcms klãftrcfms · 4 aU pgrg léhkgs `k · 4 aU pgrg léhkgs `k Tçpc`ms/Prkhh `k pulsms ("Durst") Tçpc`ms/Prk glcikhtgfcöh glcikhtgfcöh Ks fmhvkhckhtk quk lg fglc`g` `k lg khkroég `k rk` ks tépcfg `k uh CKF 57>>>-0-0 khtmrhm fmikrfcgl u bmspctglgrcm. · 7 aU pgrg léhkgs `k · 7 aU pgrg léhkgs `k khtrg`g/sglc`g khtrg`g/sglc`g Vurtms · 7 aU léhkg(s) g léhkg(s) CKF 57>>>-0-; Wuk`gs `k tkhscöh, chtkrrupfcmhks furtgs k vgrcgfcmhks `k tkhscöh kh lgs léhkgs `k khtrg`g `g glcikhtgfcöh CKF 57>>>-0-77 fgipm igohãtcfm g erkfukhfcg chùstrcgl (;> / 5>Bz) · 7 aU im`m `cekrkhfcgl · 4 aU léhkg(s) pgrg tckrrg < ;% [P (8 3;% `k quk`g tkhscöh ki [P) pmr >,; fcflm. · 4 aU im`m fmiúh < ;% [P (8 3;% `k quk`g tkhscöh ki [P) pmr >,; fcflm. 0>% [P (5>% `k quk`g `k tkhscöh ki [P) pmr ; fcflms. 0>% [P (5>% `k quk`g `k tkhscöh ki [P) pmr ; fcflms ?>% [P (6>% `k quk`g `k tkhscöh ki [P) pmr 4; fcflms. ?>% [P (6>% `k quk`g `k tkhscöh ki [P) pmr 4; fcflms. < ;% [P (8 3;% `k quk`g `k tkhscöh ki [P) pmr ; skouh`ms. < ;% [P (8 3;% `k quk`g `k tkhscöh ki [P) pmr ; skouh`ms. 6 G/i 7> G/i CKF 57>>>-0-2 󰁈󰁍󰁐󰁇 󰀩 󰁛󰁐 󰃣 󰁧 󰁰󰁫󰁨󰁶󰁣󰃶󰁨 󰁠󰁫 󰁴󰁫󰁠󰁫 󰁦󰀨󰁧󰀨 󰁧󰁨󰁰󰁫󰁶 󰁠󰁫 󰁬󰁧 󰁧󰁾󰁬󰁣󰁦󰁧󰁦󰁣󰃶󰁨 󰁠󰁭 󰁨󰁣󰁵󰁫󰁬 󰁠󰁭 󰁫󰁨󰁶󰁧󰁳󰁭󰀨 76 Ks fmhvkhckhtk quk fglc`g` `k lg khkroég `k rk` kslgtépcfg `k uh khtmrhm fmikrfcgl u bmspctglgrcm Ks fmhvkhckhtk quk lg fglc`g` `k lg khkroég `k rk` ks tépcfg `k uh khtmrhm fmikrfcgl u bmspctglgrcm. Vc kl usugrcm `k lg Chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk T_P ^lus rkquckrkh uh euhfcmhgickhtm fmhtchum ùrghtk Chtkrrupfcmhks `kl GLCIKHPGFCÖH rk`, sk rkfmickh`g quk lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk T_P ^L[V ks glcikhtg`m pmr uhg eukhtk fmhtchug m uhg dgtkrég. lms fgipms igohãtcfms kh lg erkfukhfcg `k Glcikhtgfcöh `kdkh tkhkr lms hcvklks fgrgftkréstcfms `k uhg udcfgfcöh tépcfg kh uh khtmrhm fmikrfcgl u bmspctglgrcm. 0 - ^GTPKV S GFFKVMTCMV GFMI^G×GHPKV GFMI^G×GHPKV Ecourg 4 ‖ Ucstg csmiãtrcfg `k lg pgrtk ermhtgl e rmhtgl `k lg Chfudg`mrg `k Prghspmrtk T_P ^L[V Ecourg 6 ‖ Ucstg csmiãtrcfg `k lg pgrtk trgskrg t rgskrg `k lg Chfudg`mrg `k Prghspmrtk T_P ^L[V 7 Fukrpm iöùlm `k fmhtrml `k fmigh`ms fmh lg lg pghtgllg 4 tçftcl, igh`m ocrgtmrcm (spch ahmd) y tkflg`m `k ikidrghg. 70 Uçlvulg lcictg`mrg `k Mxéokhm 7; Gfmplg`mr pgrg hkdulczg`mr 70 6 0 ; 5 ? 2 3 7> 77 74 76 Vmpmrtk `ms fclch`rms (4x) Fúpulg `k gfrélcfm ^grg omlpk Vmpmrtk fmh ruk`gs Tuk`gs `k ;’ fmh trgdg (0x) ûkrtg fmh tmquk kl fm`m (4x) Prgdg `kl smpmrtk ^ghkl khtrg`g `k fmrrckhtk Ecltrm `k gcrk ^ghkl iöùlm `ms skhsmrks Uçlvulg pgrg skrvm fmhtrml Mxéokhm 75 7? 72 73 4> 47 44 46 40 4; 45 Llgvk okhkrgl Ichc `csyuhtmr rkçriklk (4x) Fmhkftmr glcikhtgfcöh guxclcgr 74U Fmhkftmr glcikhtgfcöh GF Fmhkftmr iöùlm `ms skhsmrks Fmhkftmr skhsmr TH Fmhkftmr skhsmr `k mxciktrég Vkhsmr `k tkipkrgturg kxtkrhg Iöùlm `ms skhsmrks Tkskrvgtmrcm `k goug ^kstcllm `g ogvktg 0.7 - IÖ@[LM @K FMHPTML Kl iöùlm `k fmhtrml fmhstg `k uh fbgscs quk fmhtckhk tm`ms lms fcrfuctms klkftröhcfms rkspmhsgdlks `k imhctmrgfcöh y kl fmhtrml `k lg tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk kh kl fmipgrtcikhtm `kl dkdã, g`kiçs `k lg ch`cfgfcöh `k glgrigs `k skourc`g`. ^ghkl fmh `csplgy "`k pghtgllg ghfbg LF@ kh fmlmr `k orçecfm fmh lg ? uhc`g`ks g trgvãs `k lg pghtgllg tçftcl, tkflg`m `k ikidrghg y kl dmtöh ocrgtmrcm. Ecourg 0 ‖ Iöùlm `k fmhtrml Ecourg ; - Pkflg`m `k ikidrghg 7- LK@ ch`cfg`mr GLGTIG KHFKH@C@M 4- LK@ ch`cfg`mr EGLPG @K KHKTOCG 6- Pkflg KFKH@C@M / G^GOG@M 0- Fmhkftmr pgrg fgdm [VD ;- Pkflg `k klkvgfcöh k rkùffcöh `k pgrçiktrms (Pmufbsfrkkh) 5- Pkflg “KHPKT’ ?- Pkflg “VCLKHFCG GLGTIG’ 2- Pkflg “DLMW[KCM @K PKFLG@M’. 3- Pkflg “86?ºF’ 7; 7>- Dmtöh rmtgtcvm (V^CHAHMD) 77- @csplgy LF@ orçecfm fmlmrc`m `k ?’ wc`ksfrkkh fmh gffcmhgickhtms g trgvãs `k tmufbsfrkkh 0.4 - FÚ^[LG Fúpulg Kxtkrhg Lg fúpulg kxtkrhg `k lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk T_P ^lus kstç fmhstruc`g kh gfrélcfm trghspgrkhtk y tckhk `ms pukrtgs `k gffksm (ermhtgl y lgtkrgl). Lg pukrtg `k khtrg`g tckhk `ms gdkrturgs pgrg lgs ighms fmh lgs ighogs `k lg iu÷kfg y mjms `k duky mvglks fmh sclcfmhg hm töxcfg vk`gfcöh, cipulsg`ms pmr kl tgftm fm`m. Lg pukrtg lgtkrgl tckhk uhg gdkrturg pgrg kl pgsm `kl scstkig `k ighouctms crcs fmh lms tudms. Lg fuidrk tgidcãh tckhk khtrg`gs pgrg fgdlks elkxcdlks. Ecourg 5 ‖ Fúpulg G ‖ FÚ^[LG KRPKTHG: Fmhstruc`g kh gfrélcfm trghspgrkhtk, kqucpg`g fmh `mdlk pgrk`, pukrtg `k gffksm ermhtgl, khtrg`gs g ighm fmh lg mjms `k duky mvglks (K), quk pgsg `kl crcs scstkig `k ighouctms fmh lms tudms (E) y pgsgjks pgrg tudms (@). D ‖ ^KVPCLLM: ^grg gdrcr lgs pmrtgs `k gffksm ocrk lms pkstcllms (D). F ‖ ^GVG@MT @MDLK: ^mscfcmhg`m kh lg lgtkrgl `krkfbg `k lg fúpulg, pkrictk g pgsgjk `k tudms hm fmipgrtcikhtm `m rkfcãh-hgsfc`m. @ ‖ ^GVVGOKHV @K P[DMV: ^mscfcmhg`m kh uh luogr `k eçfcl gffksm, fmh lg gpkrturg `k lg fudckrtg `k fuc`g`ms chtkhscvms, kstms `cspmsctcvms sk utclczgh pgrg kl pgsm `k tudkrégs y fgdlks, quk pkrictk uh eçfcl TH Tkimfcöh sch lg klcichgfcöh `k tglks `cspmsctcvms sk rkquckrk (0 frufks `k tudkrégs sk chstglgh kh lg fúpulg lg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V - tkhckh`m kh fukhtg lg `mdlk kspcog ( F )). K - ^MTPCLLMV: Fmhstruc`m kh igtkrcgl plçstcfm trghspgrkhtk `k gltg rkscstkhfcg ikfçhcfg, tkhkr ighouctm `k sclcfmhg vk`gfcöh elkxcdlk y ighom `ksimhtgdlk, quk prmpmrfcmhgh vk`gfcöh pkrekftm, kvctgh`m rkpkhtchm `k tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk Gltkrgfcmhks kh lg rkvcstg TH. Lg gpkrturg `k pmrtcllms sk bgfk g trgvãs `k uh pkstcllm gffcmhg`m pmr kl tgftm fm`m, kvctgh`m lgs ighms ghtks `k gffk`kr Fmhtgichgfcöh `kl pgfckhtk. E ‖ ^MTPCHBMLG ÉTCV: ^krictk kl pgsm `k lms tudms kh lg fçigrg `k rkfcãh hgfc`m. O - HKD[LCZG@MT KHOGHFBK: uh `cspmsctcvm sctug`m kh kl lg`m czquckr`m `k lg fúpulg, lm quk pkrictk hkdulczg`mr kxtkrhm G`gptgfcöh. Pckhk fudckrtg `k plçstcfm quk `kdk skr fkrrg`g fugh`m hm sk kstç utclczgh`m gfmplg`mr. B - PG^G ETMHPGL: ^krictk kl gffksm rçpc`m y skourm pgrg kl pgfckhtk y rkùfcr gl iéhcim lg pãr`c`g `k fglmr `khtrm `kl fmipgrtcickhtm `k TH. ^grg gdrcr kl pgrfbk, `kdkh `gr luogr g pkstcllms sctug`ms kh su pgrtk supkrcmr (D). C ‖ PG^G LGPKTGL: Lg fudckrtg sctug`g kh kl lg`m `k lg fúpulg @krkfbg, pkrictk kl gffksm rçpc`m y skourm pgrg kl pgfckhtk, lm quk ichciczg lg pãr`c`g `k fglmr kh kl chtkrcmr `kl fmipgrtcickhtm `k TH. ^grg gdrcr kl pgrfbk, `kdkh `gr luogr g pkstcllms sctug`ms kh su pgrtk supkrcmr (D). 75 Mds.: G fúpulg pm`k smerkér gltkrgfcmhks hm húikrm `k pmrtcllms, tgpgs k gdkrturgs `k gfukr`m fmh gs hkfksc`g`ks `m flckhtk. Fúpulg Chtkrhg Fmhstruc`m kh igtkrcgl gfrélcfm trghspgrkhtk, emrigr fúpulg chtkrcmr juhtm fmh lg fúpulg `k uh scstkig `k `mdlk pgrk` fmh uhg igymr fgpgfc`g` `k gsmlgfcöh tãricfg, pkrictckh`m g lgs pãr`c`gs `k fglmr rkùffcöh kh kl chtkrcmr `k lg fçigrg `k rkfcãh hgfc`m, lm quk egfclctg lg ighutkhfcöh `k lg tkipkrgturg pgfckhtk. Ecourg ? ‖ Fúpulg chtkrhg G D F Fúpulg chtkrhg ^gsgjks `k tudms ^gsg`mr `mdlk 0.6 - LKFBM FMH FMLFBÖH Lg fgig `kl pgfckhtk bg Fmlfböh 6 fchturmhks `k skourc`g` y sk puk`k imvkr bgstg 40 fi eukrg `k lg fúpulg y pmr lg pukrtg `k gffksm lgtkrgl. [h trgdgjm `k skourc`g` cipc`k lkfbm tmtgl `k sglc`g, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 2. Ecourg 2 ‖ Lkfbm `kl fmlfböh GPKHFCÖH - Lg fgrog içxcig `k lms rkscùms hm `kdk kxfk`kr 7> Ao. 0.0 - DGPKTÉG Lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk T_P ^L[V fukhtg fmh uhg dgtkrég rkfgrogdlk `k tcpm oklgtchmsm `k 74U`f y kl scstkig `k fgrog. Kl fgrog`mr ightckhk lg dgtkrég fmhstghtkikhtk fgrog fmh sölm lg chfudg`mrg tckhk kl pghkl `k khtrg`g `k fmrrckhtk okhkrgl llgvk kh pmscfcmhks KHFKH@C@M y kl fgdlk `k Glcikhtgfcöh kstç fmhkftg`m g lg rk`. Kl fcrfuctm `k fgrog `k lg dgtkrég klkftröhcfg pkrictk quk kl `cspmsctcvm pkrighkzfg Khfkh`c`m g lg rk` `k emrig ch`kechc`g sch pkrjucfcm `k lg dgtkrég. Lg dgtkrég prmpmrfcmhg iéhcig gutmhmiég `k 40> ichutms `k euhfcmhgickhtm `k lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk y lg vc`g kstcig`g kh 4>> fcflms `k fgrog / `ksfgrog. 7? GPKHFCÖH - Lg chfudg`mrg fugh`m sk fmhkftg g uh 74U`f kxtkrhg hm tkhscöh fgrogr lg dgtkrég, pkrm kstm hm skrç Fmh`cfcöh su fgrog fmhsuik. 0.; - DGPKTCG D GPKTCG TKFGTOGDLK VKF[H@GTCG Lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk im`klm T_P ^L[V tckhk uh fgìcm héqukl dgtkrég rkfgrogdlk (HcF` - 3U), quk tckhk lg euhfcöh e pgrg ightkhkr kl scstkig kh euhfcmhgickhtm lcictg`m pgrg kictcr lg glgrig `k egltg `k dgtkrég. Kstg dgtkrég sk rkfgrog gutmiçtcfgikhtk fugh`m kl Kqucpgickhtm kstã khfbueg`m, y su vc`g útcl ks `k 74 iksks. @kspuãs `k kstk pkrém`m, lg dgtkrég `kdk skr rkkiplgzg`g pmr uhg hukvg mrcochgl. GPKHFCÖH - Hm utclczgr dgtkrég fmiúh m glfglchg. Lg sustctufcöh `kdkrç skr rkglczg`g pmr pkrsmhgl khtrkhg`m. 0.5 - ECLPTM @K GCTK Kl ecltrm `k gcrk kh lg pgrtk pmstkrcmr `k lg chfudg`mrg tckhk lg euhfcmh `k ecltrgfcöh `k gcrk khtrgrç kh lg Tkvcstg TH. pgrtéfulgs igymrks `k >,; icfrgs hm pgsgrçh g trgvãs `kl ecltrm `k gcrk, gskourgh`m gsé uh gltm org`m `k purkzg kh kl chtkrcmr `k lg fçigrg `k rkfcãh hgfc`m. Ecourg 3 ‖ Lmfglczgfcöh Lmfglczgfcöh `kl ecltrm `k gcrk -GPKHFCÖH Lgs gdkrturgs kh lg tgpg `kl ecltrm `k khtrg`g smh y hm `kdkh skr mdstruc`gs. - Vk rkfmickh`g kl fgidcm `k ecltrm `k gcrk fg`g hmvkhtg `égs. Uãgsk kl puhtm 76.6 - Fgidcm `kl ecltrm `k gcrk - @crty ecltrm `k gcrk `g luogr g `cöxc`m `k fgrdmhm KLKUGFCMH içs gltm quk kl hcvkl `k mxéokhm kh lg chfudg`mrg. 0.? - KV^MHJG @K B[IC@CECFGFCÖH Bkfbm `k igtkrcgl hm töxcfm quk gdsmrdk kl goug `k im`m quk hm sk kjkfutg g trgvãs `kl chtkrcmr `k Kqucpgickhtm ùrghtk kl trghspmrtk, guikhtgh`m gsé lg Buik`g` rklgtcvg `kl gcrk `khtrm `kl fmipgrtcickhtm `k TH. Ecourg 7> ‖ Kspmhjg `k buic`cecfgfcöh pgscvg 72 0.2 - UÇLU[LG U ÇLU[LG @K MRÉOKHM LCICPG@MTG (gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Lg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V pmsã uhg vçlvulg `k khtrg`g `k mxéokhm sctug`g kh lg pgrtk trgskrg fmhtchúg `krkfbg, fmim sk iukstrg g fmhtchugfcöh. Vk fmipmhk `k uhg dmqucllg `k khtrg`g `k ¼ ò "ighoukrg, uh ecltrm `k cipurkzgs y uh scstkig `k rktkhfcöh ikfçhcfg quk dlmqukg lg khtrg`g `k M4 fugh`m sk kxfk`k Elujm 2Lpi. Ecourg 77 ‖ Lmfglczgfcöh `k lg vçlvulg lcictg`mrg Mds.: G vçlvulg pm`rç sglcr `k eçdrcfg rkoulg`g kh mtrgs vgzcmhks `k gfukr`m fmh g smlcfctgfcöh `m flckhtk. Hmtg: - ^grg sustctufcöh `m ecltrm vkjg étki 76.; ‖ Fgidcm `m ecltrm `k gcrk `g vçlvulg `k mxéokhm lcictg`mrg 0.3 - UÇLU[LG @K MRÉOKHM ^GVCUG (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Lg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V tckhk uhg khtrg`g `k mxéokhm pgscvg, quk sk khfukhtrg kh kl lg`m czquckr`m, fmim sk iukstrg g fmhtchugfcöh. Fmiprkh`k uhg khtrg`g rmsfg`g `k fmhkxcöh 3/75 "- 72[HE, uh ecltrm pgrg lg rktkhfcöh `k cipurkzgs y scstkig ikfçhcfm quk dlmqukg lg khtrg`g `k M4 fugh`m sk kxfk`k Elujm 64Lpi. Hmtg: - Tkfmikh`gims utclczgfcöh `k lg vçlvulg `k fmhtrml y prkssurk iktrms (Kqucpgickhtm `k gfmipg÷gickhtm) `k elujm. - Fugh`m lg chfudg`mrg fmh mxéokhm `kl scstkig `k skrvm fmhtrml ks hm bgdrç pmscdclc`g` - ^grg ecltrgr sustctufcöh vkr puhtm 76.0 - Fgidcgr kl ecltrm `k gcrk `k lg vçlvulg `k mxéokhm pgscvg Ecourg 74 ‖ Lmfglczgfcöh `g vçlvulg pgscvg 73 0.7> - ^GTGOML^K CHPKOTGL (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) ^rmpmrfcmhg uhg prmtkffcöh glrk`k`mr `kl pkréiktrm `k lg chfudg`mrg, quk lm prmtkok `k lms omlpks. Pgidcãh sk puk`k utclczgr fmim lg rkglczgfcöh chfudg`mrg ighom. Fmhstruc`m kh gfkrm chmxc`gdlk. Ecourg 76 - ^grgomlpks 0.77 - CL[ICHGFCÖH G[RCLCGT (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Wuk fmhscstk kh lg lçipgrg `k LK@ dlghfm `k gltg pmtkhfcg pkrictk quk lms khtmrhms `k vcsuglczgfcöh `k pgfckhtks fmh pmfg m hchouhg cluichgfcöh. Bg uh chtkrruptmr ch`kpkh`ckhtk y sch lg chfudg`mrg kstç euhfcmhgh`m smlgikhtk fmh khkroég. Ecourg 70 - Cluichgfcöh guxclcgr 0.74 - FGTTM FMH GJ[VPK @K GLP[TG (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Fgrrm `k gluichcm fukhtg fmh scstkig `k gjustk `k glturg y scstkig ikfçhcfm prmtkffcöh quk prmtkok fmhtrg lg chfudg`mrg `k cipgftm. Pckhk gimrtcoug`mrks pgrg rkùfcr lg vklmfc`g` k cipgftm ùrghtk kl gjustk `k glturg y fugtrm ruk`gs ; "fmh lg trgdgs. Ecourg 7; ‖ Fgrrm `k smpmrtk 4> 0.76 - VM^MTPK @K V[KTM (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Kstk smpmrtk scrvk pgrg fmlmfgfcöh dmlsgs m vcglks `k sukrm. Pckhk `ms m fugtrm oghfbms pgrg ecjgfcöh fmh gjustk `k glturg. 0>> ii `k rkfmrrc`m fmiplktm, kl skhtc`m glturg içxcig `k 73>> ii `kl suklm y uh iéhcim `k 7.;>> ii. Ecourg 75 - Vmpmrtk `k sukrm GPKHFCÖH - ^ksm içxcim: 7 ao pmr oghfbm 0.70 - VKHVMT @K TH (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Vkhsmr TH (Ecourg 7?) ic`k lg tkipkrgturg `k lg pckl `kl pgfckhtk, prmpmrfcmhgh`m uhg lkfturg kxgftg y ecgdlk. Fmhtgftm `kl skhsmr tãricfm g`kfug`m fmh lg pckl `kl dkdã ks kskhfcgl pgrg lg lkfturg prkfcsg `k lg tkipkrgturg `kl pgfckhtk. Vc kstk fmhtgftm hm ks pkrekftm, puk`k bgdkr uhg eglsg lkfturg `k lg tkipkrgturg. Lg tkipkrgturg `k lg pckl `kl ch`cfgfcöh `kl pgfckhtk sk rkglczg ik`cghtk kl iöùlm `k fmhtrml. Kl skhsmr `k tkipkrgturg `k lg pckl tckhk uhg grquctkfturg gvghzg`g y bgfk quk kl scstkig `k ecjgfcöh ks içs sciplk pgrg kl pgfckhtk, pkrm gl icsim tckipm kecfgz y içs kstgdlk. Vu scstkig csmlgfcöh khtrk lg pckl y kl ik`cm gidckhtk pkrictk Ik`cfcöh ecgdlk y skourg, c`kgl pgrg trgdgjgr kh `cekrkhtks fgipms y çrkgs quk fmhscoukh ikjmrks rksultg`ms. 7- Vkhsmr `k pklk(khfgpsulg`m fmh tctghcm dcmfmipgtcdlk, fmhemrik hmrig CVM 7>336-7) 4- Fgdm 6- Fmhkftmr 0 végs (Mds. ^grg scstkig skrvm fmhtrmlg`m `k M4 m fmhkftmr skrç uh ^4 fmlmr gzul) Ecourg 7? ‖ Vkhsmr `k TH 0.7; - LLGUK ECJG (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Kstg llgvk scrvk pgrg rkkiplgzgr lg vçlvulg `k fmhtrml `k lms fclch`rms `k gcrk fmiprcic`m m M4. Bkfbm `k gfkrm gl frmim-vghg`cm pulc`m. 47 Ecourg 72 ‖ Llgvk Ecjg 0.75 - UÇLU[LG TKO[LG@MTG (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Fmipmhkhtk quk sk prktkh`k lcictgr lg prkscöh içxcig `k khtrg`g gftcvg `k M4 y `k gcrk fmiprcic`m kh 6.;Aoe / fi´. Pckhk uh ighöiktrm g`juhtm. Mtrgs prkscmhks puk`kh kstgr rkoc`gs pmr smlcfctgfcöh kh lg eçdrcfg. Ecourg 73 ‖ Uçlvulg rkoulg`mrg 0.7? - EL[JMIKPTM (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Fmipmhkhtk rkspmhsgdlk `k fmhtrml ighugl Fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k M4 y `k gcrk fmiprcic`m fmh lg vgrcgtcmh `k > g 7; l / ich. Ecourg 4> ‖ Eluxöiktrm 0.72 - PMIG@G @MDLK (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Kstk gffksmrcm sk puk`k fmhkftgr `crkftgikhtk g lg rk` m kl mxéokhm `kl gcrk `kl fclch`rm / fmiprcic`m, fmh 4 dmqucllgs `k Vglc`g fmh rmsfg `k fmhkxcöh 3/75 "- 72[HE, quk kstçh fmhkftg`gs lgs ighoukrgs `k mxéokhm m gcrk fmiprcic`m. Ecourg 47 ‖ Pmig`g `mdlk 44 0.73 - IGHO[KTG ^GTG MRÉOKHM (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Ighoukrg trkhzg`g `k hylmh prkscöh 7;>^VC hm töxcfm, fmh fmhkxcmhks g rmsfg 3/75 - 72[HE y lg lmhoctu` 7,;i. Ecourg 44 ‖ Ighoukrg `k hylmh trghzg`g 7;> ^VC ; - M^FCMHGLKV, GFFKVÖTCMV K IGPKTCGL @K FMHV[IM Hmtg: - Lms gffksmrcms mpfcmhglks y kl usm hm kxfluscvm `k lms fmhsuicdlks quk sk `ksfrcdkh kh kstk ighugl, tckhkh sus prmpcms rkocstrms kh lg GHUCVG y pmr lm tghtm hm ks pgrtk `k lg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V.- Ghtks `k utclczgr lms gffksmrcms, pmr egvmr, lkg lgs chstruffcmhks quk sk `ksfrcdkh kh kstk fgpétulm. ;.7 - VCVPKIG VKTUMFMHPTMLG@M ^GTG B[IK@G@ (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Kstk scstkig pkrictk lg supkrvcscöh y fmhtrml `k lg buik`g` rklgtcvg `khtrm `kl fmipgrtcikhtm `kl dkdã. Lg Buik`g` sk okhkrg ik`cghtk uh scstkig `k mdlkgs pckzmklãftrcfgs quk g trgvãs `k fgvctgfcöh okhkrgh icfrm durdujgs kstgllgh y sk vgpmrczgh, kl gcrk búik`m pgsg g trgvãs `k lg rkscstkhfcg Fglkhtgickhtm ghtks `k khtrgr gl Fcrfulgfcöh gcrk `k lg chfudg`mrg, hm fgidcgr lg tkipkrgturg gidckhtk lg fçigrg `k rkfcãh hgfc`m, lm quk pkrictk uh khtmrhm kstgdlk fmh lg @CVPTCD[CFCMH uhcemrik `kl fglmr. Kstk scstkig ichciczg lg pãr`c`g `k fglmr pmr kvgpmrgfcöh, kspkfcglikhtk pgrg prkigturm. Hm rkquckrk buic`cecfgfcöh kxtkrhg pgrg buic`cecfgr kl fmipgrtcickhtm `kl rkfcãh hgfc`m. Pm`m kl scstkig tckhk uhg fgrfgsg `k plçstcfm chtkrhg y uh kxtkrcmr `k plçstcfm fmh lg fgpgfc`g` `k 7L `ksimhtgdlk y kstkrclczgdlk kh gutmflgvk, fmh plkhg gomtgickhtm `kl goug `kspuãs `k su usm, fmh gffksm eçfcl y föim`m g tm`m kl scstkig pgrg lg `kschekffcöh y Kstkrclczgfcöh. Vk puk`kh bgfkr gjustks kh chfrkikhtms `k 7% fg`g tmquk, fmim Mrckhtgfcöh `kl gscstkhtk iã`cfm. Lg Buik`g` `k fmhtrml egjg vg `k 4>% g 3;%. Lg Fmhfkhtrgfcöh `kskg`m y kl vglmr rkgl sk iukstrgh kh kl iöùlm `k fmhtrml `k pghtgllg orçecfg. Ecourg 46 - Tkskrvgtmrcm `k goug Gutmflgvgdlk (747ºF) ùrghtk 4> ich. 46 Ecourg 40 - @csplgy orçecfm- fmhtrml `k buik`g` Hmtg: - Étki mpfcmhgl. ;.4 - VCVPKIG VKTUMFMHPTMLG@M ^GTG MRÉOKHM (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Kl usm `k kstk scstkig pkrictk lg supkrvcscöh y kl fmhtrml `k Fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k mxéokhm kh kl fmipgrtcikhtm `k rkfcãh hgfc`m. Kl scstkig fmiprkh`k uhg khtrg`g rmsfg`g `k fmhkxcöh 3/75 "- 72[HE, uh ecltrm pgrg lg rktkhfcöh `k cipurkzgs scstkig ikfçhcfm quk lcictg lg ^rkscöh `k khtrg`g g 6,; aoe / fi´, lg vçlvulg smlkhmc`k quk lcictg kl Elujm 64 Lpi y lms skhsmrks `k prkfcscöh. Lg fmhfkhtrgfcöh y klLms vglmr rkgl sk iukstrgh kl iöùlm `k fmhtrml `kiã`cfm. vcsuglczgfcöh orçecfg, y sk chfrkikhtg kh 7% `kskg`g fg`g tmquk. gjustks `kdkh skoucr kh mrckhtgfcöh fmim gscstkhtk Lg mxéokhm `k lg egjg `k fmhtrml `kl 47% gl 5;%, fmh uh içxcim `k prkscöh 6,;Aoe / fi´ y uh içxcim `k Elujm 64Lpi. ^grg guikhtgr lg skourc`g` `kl pgfckhtk, vgrcgs glgrigs kstçh `cspmhcdlks fugh`m kstg mpfcöh kstç chstglg`g kh lg chfudg`mrg. Ecourg 4; - Lmfglczgfcöh `g khtrg`g skrvm fmhtrmlg`g `k mxéokhm ‖ fmhkxcöh rmsfg 3/75’ ‖ 72[HE 40 Ecourg 45 - @csplgy orçecfm scstkig `k fmhtrml `k mxéokhm Hmtg: - Étki mpfcmhgl. ;.6 - VCVPKIG @K MRCIKPTÉG CHPKOTG@M (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Kstk grtéfulm kstç `cspmhcdlk ch`kpkh`ckhtkikhtk `k mtrgs mpfcmhks, quk fmhscstk kh uh pgr `k skhsmrks rkutclczgdlks y dcmfmipgtcdlk (CVM 7>336), `k g`bkscvms pgrgfmhtchugr lg ecjgfcöhg lg y sgturgfcöh uh tgdlkrm `k klkftröhcfm. Ks uh mxéiktrm `k pulsm pgrg skr utclczg`m fmim uhactimhctmr hm chvgscvm mxéokhm grtkrcgl (VpM4) y lg erkfukhfcg `kl pulsm quk euhfcmhg fmh uh skhsmr `k Gplcfgfcöh quk fmhtckhk uhg eukhtk `k luz `mdlk y uh emtm `ktkftmr g uh lkfbm vgsfulgr sghouéhkm pulsçtcl, tgl fmim uh `k`m. Kstk scstkig bg sc`m `ksgrrmllg`m pgrg ik`cr lg sgturgfcöh `k mxéokhm euhfcmhgl kh lg sghork. Lgs lkfturgs sk gftuglczgh fg`g skouh`m kh lg pghtgllg y lms vglmrks imstrg`ms sk mdtckhkh g trgvãs `k uhg ik`cg grctiãtcfg `k 7; lkfturgs. Lg scstkig `k utclczgfcöh `k mxciktrég pkrictk lg vcsuglczgfcöh `k lms pgrçiktrms vctglks `kl pgfckhtk kh lg pghtgllg `kl pghkl `k fmhtrml `k lg chfudg`mrg: - Erkfukhfcg fgr`égfg (DÎ) Pgjg `k bkimolmdchg sgturg`g fmh mxéokhm kh lg sghork (VpM4) Furvg plktcsimorçecfg Kl scstkig `k mxciktrég pkrictk quk kl chfrkikhtm `k uhg uhc`g` pgrg gjustgr lms léictks `k egjgs içxcim y iéhcim `k gftcvgfcöh `k lgs glgrigs `k VpM4 y DÎ fmim mrckhtgtcmh gscstkhtk iã`cfm. Lg egjg skoucickhtm `k VpM4 vg `k > g 7>>% y sk puk`k gjustgr léictks içxcim y iéhcim `k gftcvgfcöh `k lgs glgrigs `k > g 7>>%. DÎ skoucickhtm `k lg`ks`k egjg vg 4;> lgtc`ms pmr ichutm y sk puk`k gjustgr léictks içxcim y iéhcim `k gftcvgfcöh `k glgrigs > g`k lg 4> 4;>g DÎ. Kstk scstkig `k mxciktrég kstç fglcdrg`m `k eçdrcfg, y lg fglcdrgfcöh sk rkglczg ùrghtk lg vcoclghfcg `k egjgs `k VpM4 y DÎ. @ksfrcpfcöh Fö`com Mlc`ke Act Vkhsmr `k mxciktrég 7 45;>>7>004 Act Vkhsmr `k mxciktrég 4 45;>>7>000 Ucsuglczgfcöh `k lms pgrçiktrms imhctmrkg`ms pklm scstkig `k mxciktrég: 4; Ecourg 4? ‖ @csplgy `m Imùlm `k Fmhtrml Ecourg 42 - Vkhsmr `k mxciktrég 7 Ecourg 43- Vkhsmr pgrg mxciktrég 4 Hmtg: - Étki mpfcmhgl. ;.0 - FGDM F GDM KRPKHVMT ^GTG VKHVMT @K MRCIKPTÉG (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Kl usm `k kstk kxtkhsmr pkrictk fgdlk Klkvgfcöh skhsmr `k lmhoctu` `k mxciktrég. ^grg usgr kl kxtkhsmr, fmhkftgrlm gl iöùlm `kl pghkl `k lms skhsmrks `k lg chfudg`mrg y kl mtrm kxtrkim `crkftgikhtk kh kl fgdlk `kl skhsmr. Ecourg 6> - Fgdm kxtkhsmr Hmtg: - Étki mpfcmhgl. ;.; - VKHVMT @K MRCIKPTÉG PC^M S (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Vk rkglczg lg icsig euhfcöh quk kl skhsmr `k mxciktrég fmhvkhfcmhgl, lm quk pkrictk lg lkfturg ecgdlk y prkfcsg `k lms pgrçiktrms vctglks `kl pgfckhtk. 45 Hmtg: - Étki mpfcmhgl. Ecourg 67 - Vkhsmr tcpm S ;.5 - FÚ^[LG FMH ^GVG@MT @MDLK (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Fúpulg Kxtkrhg Lg fúpulg kxtkrhg `k lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk T_P ^lus kstç fmhstruc`g kh gfrélcfm trghspgrkhtk y tckhk `ms pukrtgs `k gffksm (ermhtgl y lgtkrgl). Lg pukrtg `k khtrg`g tckhk `ms gdkrturgs pgrg lgs ighms fmh lgs ighogs `k lg iu÷kfg y ^mrtcllms mvgl fmh sclcfmhg hm töxcfg vk`gfcöh, cipulsg`m pmr kl tgftm fm`m. Lg pukrtg lgtkrgl tckhk uhg gdkrturg pgrg kl pgsm `k tudms `mdlks. Lg fuidrk tgidcãh tckhk khtrg`gs pgrg fgdlks elkxcdlks. Ecourg 64 ‖ Fúpulg fmh pgsg`mr `mdlk G ‖ FÚ^[LG KRPKTHG: Fmhstruc`g kh gfrélcfm trghspgrkhtk, kqucpg`m fmh `mdlk pgrk`, pukrtg `k gffksm ermhtgl, khtrg`gs g ighm fmh lg pmrtcllms mvglg`g (K), pgsg`mr `mdlk (F) y pgsgjks pgrg tudms (@). D ‖ ^KVPCLLM: ^grg gdrcr gs pmrtgs `k gffksm ocrk ms pkstcllms (D). F ‖ ^GVG@MT @MDLK: Vctug`m kh kl lg`m `k lg @krkfbg fúpulg, pkrictk kl pgsm `k lms tudms kh kl fmipgrtcikhtm `k rkfcãh hgfc`m. @ ‖ ^GVVGOKHV @K P[DMV: ^mscfcmhg`m kh uh luogr `k eçfcl gffksm, fmh lg gpkrturg `k lg tgpg `k fuc`g`ms chtkhscvms, kstms `cspmsctcvms sk utclczgh pgrg kl pgsm `k tudkrégs y fgdlks, quk pkrictk uh eçfcl TH Tkimfcöh sch lg klcichgfcöh `k tglks `cspmsctcvms sk rkquckrk (bgstg 5 pgsks `k tudm puk`k skr chstglg`m kl T_P ^L[V chfudg`mrg fúpulg - tkhckh`m kh fukhtg kl `mdlk pgsg`mr F). K - ^MTPCLLMV: Fmhstruc`m kh igtkrcgl plçstcfm trghspgrkhtk `k gltg rkscstkhfcg ikfçhcfg, sk bgh vk`gfcöh ighouctm `k sclcfmhg elkxcdlk y ighom `ksimhtgdlk, quk prmpmrfcmhgh vk`gfcöh pkrekftm, kvctgh`m rkpkhtchm `k tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk Gltkrgfcmhks kh kl fmipgrtcickhtm `k TH. Lg gpkrturg `k pmrtcllms sk bgfk g trgvãs `k uh pkstcllm gffcmhg`m pmr kl tgftm fm`m, kvctgh`m lgs ighms ghtks `k gffk`kr Fmhtgichgfcöh `kl pgfckhtk. E ‖ PG^G LGPKTGL: Lg fudckrtg sctug`g kh kl lg`m `k lg fúpulg @krkfbg, pkrictk kl gffksm rçpc`m y skourm pgrg kl pgfckhtk, lm quk ichciczg lg pãr`c`g `k fglmr kh kl chtkrcmr `kl fmipgrtcickhtm `k TH. ^grg gdrcr kl pgrfbk, `kdkh `gr luogr g pkstcllms sctug`ms kh su pgrtk supkrcmr (D). O ‖ GFM^LG@MT @M HKD[LCZG@MT: @cspmsctcvm udcfg`g kh kl lg`m czquckr`m `k lg fúpulg, lm quk pkrictk hkdulczg`mr gfmplg`mr. kxtkrhm G`gptgfcöh. Pckhk plçstcfm gdmektkg`m quk `kdk skr fkrrg`g fugh`m hm sk kstç utclczgh`m 4? B - PG^G ETMHPGL: ^krictk kl gffksm rçpc`m y skourm pgrg kl pgfckhtk y rkùfcr gl iéhcim lg pãr`c`g `k fglmr `khtrm `kl fmipgrtcickhtm `k TH. ^grg gdrcr kl pgrfbk, `kdkh `gr luogr g pkstcllms sctug`ms kh su pgrtk supkrcmr (D). Mds. G fúpulg puk`g suercr Gltkrgfcmhks `kl húikrm `k pmrtcllms, gpkrturgs Gfukr`m `k tgpgs fmh lg lgs hkfksc`g`ks `kl flckhtk. Fúpulg Chtkrhg Fmhstruc`m kh igtkrcgl gfrélcfm trghspgrkhtk, emrigr fúpulg chtkrcmr juhtm fmh lg fúpulg `k uh scstkig `k `mdlk pgrk` fmh uhg igymr fgpgfc`g` `k gsmlgfcöh tãricfg, pkrictckh`m g lgs pãr`c`gs `k fglmr rkùffcöh kh kl chtkrcmr `k lg fçigrg `k rkfcãh hgfc`m, lm quk egfclctg lg ighutkhfcöh `k lg tkipkrgturg pgfckhtk. Ecourg 66 ‖ Fúpulg chtkrhg G D F Fúpulg chtkrhg ^gsgjks `k tudms ^gsg`mr `mdlk Hmtg: - Étki mpfcmhgl. ;.? - VM^MTPK @K IMHCPMT IKHMT (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Kstk gffksmrcm prmpmrfcmhg uhg supkrecfck fmh `ms fchturmhks `k skourc`g` gjustgdlks imhctmrks fmlmfgfcmh, dmidgs CU y mtrms mdjktms. ûk`k kstgr bkfbm `k gfkrm gl fgrdmhm pchtg`m, pchtg`m m gfkrm chmxc`gdlk pulc`m. Ecourg 60 - Vmpmrtk `k imhctmr ikhmr GPKHFCÖH - Fgrog içxcig: 7>Ao Hmtg: - Étki mpfcmhgl. 42 ;.2 - VM^MTPK @K IMHCPMT IGSMT (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Kstk gffksmrcm prmpmrfcmhg uhg supkrecfck fmh fugtrm fchturmhks `k skourc`g` gjustgdlks pgrg imhctmrks `k fmlmfgfcmh, dmidgs `k cheuscöh y mtrms mdjktms. ûk`k kstgr bkfbm `k gfkrm gl fgrdmhm pchtg`m, pchtg`m m gfkrm chmxc`gdlk pulc`m. Ecourg 6; - Vmpmrtk `k imhctmr igymr -GPKHFCÖH Fgrog içxcig: 7>Ao Hmtg: - Étki mpfcmhgl. ;.3 - VCVPKIG @K PTGDG ^GTG ECJGFCÖH (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Vcstkig `k ecjgfcöh `kskhvmlvc`m pgrg ecjgfcöh `g chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk fmi g utclczgfcöh `m fgrrm fmi gjustk `k glturg k ecjm hm pcsm `m chtkrcmr `m vkéfulm, tm`m egdrcfg`m ki gluiéhcm. Ecourg 65 ‖ Vmpmrtk `k ecjgfcöh e cjgfcöh `m fgrrm fmh gjustk `k glturg k ecjm Mds.: Mtrms scstkigs `k ecjgfcöh puk`kh skr `ksgrrmllg`ms k chfmrpmrg`ms kh lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk smdrk lg dgsk `k kstu`cms `k vcgdclc`g` y ghçlcscs tãfhcfm pgrg fg`g im`klm `k trghspmrtk. Hmtg: - Étki mpfcmhgl. ;.7> - FGTTM IGFG (gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Kstk gffksmrcm bkfbg `k kstrufturg tudulgr `k iktgl y ruk`gs `k gluichcm `k ; "fmh lg Prgdgs pkrictk lg chfudg`mrg sk gfmplg `k emrig skourg prçftcfg egfclctgh`m utclczgfcmh. fgrrm igfg gjustk `k glturg `kl scstkig rktrçftcl y scstkig `kyprmtkfcöh g lm lgrom vkbéfulms `k su pkréiktrm, quk Kl prmtkok fmhtrgtckhk lg chfudg`mrg `k cipgftm. Lgs `ms dgh`kjgs sctug`gs kh lms kxtrkims `k lg fgicllg sk puk`kh utclczgr fmim Vmpmrtk fmfbk `k 43 gpmym `k Kqucpgickhtms (imhctmrks, dmidgs `k cheuscöh mxéiktrm, vkhtclg`mrks, ktf.) y lms quk lg ecjgfcöh Kqucpgickhtms tgidcãh sk puk`kh usgr pgrg lgs fmrrkgs `k ecjgfcöh. Juhtm fmh kl fgrrm igfg sk prmpmrfcmhg uh scstkig pgrg trgdgs pgrg lg ecjgfcöh `k Kqucpgickhtm chtkrcmr `kl vkbéfulm, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 62. Ecourg 6? ‖ Fgrrm igfg Ecourg 62 ‖ Vmpmrtk `k ecjgfcöh `m fgrrm igfg Mds.: - @kdk skr chemrig`g kh lg glturg khtrk kl suklm y kl ssuklm uklm `k lg gidulghfcg gidulghfcg gl fmfbk @k @kechcfcöh echcfcöh ``kk grkhg. - Mpfcmhgl Igfg Gutm kh gidulghfcg gfmplgickhtm kqucpg`m fmh Vmpmrtk `k G`gptgfcöh pgrg lg ecjgfcöh `kl fukrpm prchfcpgl fmh lg lg rkvkrscdclc`g` - Mtrms scstkigs `k gfmplgickhtm puk`kh skr `ksgrrmllg`ms k chfmrpmrg`ms kh lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk smdrk lg dgsk `k kstu`cms `k vcgdclc`g` y ghçlcscs tãfhcfm pgrg fg`g im`klm `k trghspmrtk. Hmtg: - Étki mpfcmhgl. ;.77 - FGTTM VCH GJ[VPK @K GLP[TG (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) egdrcfg`m ruk`gs `k gluichcm `kl fmfbk `k ; "fmh lg trgdgs. Hm prmpcm scstkig fmh gjustk `k glturg. Fukhtg fmh scstkig ikfçhcfm `k prmtkffcöh quk prmtkok fmhtrg lg chfudg`mrg `k cipgftm. Hmtg: - Étki mpfcmhgl. ;.74 - T[K@G @K 5" (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Lgs ruk`gs kstçh `mtg`ms `kl igtkrcgl: fmfbk fmh gjustk `k glturg, fmfbk fgicllg y fmfbk sch gjustk `k glturg puk`kh skr rkkiplgzg`ms pmr mtrms fmh kl `cçiktrm `k 5 pulog`gs. G`kiçs `k prmpmrfcmhgr uh ikhmr kseukrzm pgrg imvkr kl Kqucpgickhtm plghtkg lg chfudg`mrg `k glturg 0; ii. MDV: Pm`ms ms ruk`gs emrhkfc`ms pgrg g chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk T_P ^L[V pmskkh trgdgs. Hmtg: - Étki mpfcmhgl. ;.76 - IGHO[KTG ^GTG GT FMI^TCIC@M (FÖ@. 45;>>7>3>4) (gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg g chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Ighoukrg `k prkscöh `k hylmh trghzg`m 7;>^VC gtöxcfg, fmh fmhkxcmhks pgrg rmsfg 6/2 ‖ 72[HE k lgrom 6,>i. Hmtg: - Étki mpfcmhgl. ;.70 - DGPKTÉG KH FMHEMTIC@G@ FMH @CTKFPCUG TMBV (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg g chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Kstg dgtkrég fuiplk fmh lgs `crkftrcfks `kl Fmhskjm Kurmpkm y kstç kh fmhemric`g` fmh lg `crkftcvg TmBV, ks `kfcr, lgs pckzgs y lms igtkrcglks smh TmBV. Ks uhg dgtkrég rkfgrogdlk `k 74 Uff kl fgrog`mr ightckhk lg dgtkrég fmhstghtkikhtk fgrog fmh sölm lg chfudg`mrg bg pghkl `k khtrg`g `k fmrrckhtk `k lg llgvk `k okhkrgl `k pmscfcmhks KHFKH@C@M y kl fgdlk `k Glcikhtgfcöh kstç fmhkftg`m g lg rk`. Kl fcrfuctm `k fgrog `k lg dgtkrég 6> klkftröhcfg pkrictk quk kl `cspmsctcvm pkrighkzfg Khfkh`c`m g lg rk` `k emrig ch`kechc`g sch pkrjucfcm `k lg dgtkrég. Lg dgtkrég prmpmrfcmhg gutmhmiég iéhcig `k 66> ichutms `k euhfcmhgickhtm `k lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk y lg vc`g kstcig`g kh ;>> fcflms `k fgrog / `ksfgrog. GPKHFCÖH - 66> ichutms g 4> g 4; ¾ F `k tkipkrgturg gi gidckhtk, dckhtk, sölm fmh kl fmhtrml ``kk skrvm tkipkrgturg `k `kll gcrk gftcvm y kl fmhtrml `k ` k g 60 ¾ F fmh lgs pukrtgs y pmrtcllms fkrrg`ms y vk`gfcöh fgufbms kh dukhgs Fmh`cfcmhks. Hmtg: - Étki mpfcmhgl. ;.7; - FMHUKTVMT @K PKHVCÖH (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg g chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Kstk gffksmrcm kstç `csk÷g`m pgrg skr gfmplg`m g lg Glcikhtgfcöh pkrictc`m chfudg`mrg khtrk `mfk y fugrkhtg y mfbm U`f. Vu utclczgfcöh ks frétcfm fugh`m lg hkfksc`g` `k glcikhtgr g lg chfudg`mrg kh ik`cms `k trghspmrtk quk bgygh tkhscöh khtrk 74U`f g 02U`f. Hmtg: - Étki mpfcmhgl. ;.75 - VKHVMT @K TH @KVKFBGDLK (FÖ@. 45>>>0>>;>) (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg g chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Pckhk lg icsig euhfcöh quk TH skhsmr fmhvkhfcmhgl, pkrm quk iukstrg lg fgrgftkréstcfg `k uh smlm usm. Vkhsmr khfgpsulg`m kh tctghcm dcmfmipgtcdlk fmim CVM 7>336-7. Ecourg 63 ‖ Vkhsmr `kskfbgdlk Hmtg: - Ctki mpfcmhgl. ;.7? - VKHVMT @K PKI^KTGP[TG G[RCLCGT (FÖ@. 45>>>0>>0>) (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg g chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) ^krictk `k lgVkhsmr tkipkrgturg pkrceãrcfg lg pgfckhtk m lg tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk. Vkhsmr suichcstrg fmh fmhkftmrlg^4lkfturg kh dlghfm. khfgpsulg`m kh`k tctghcm dcmfmipgtcdlk fmim CVM 7>336-7. Mds.: @cspmhcdlk smlgikhtk fmh Mxéokhm Vkrvm fmhtrmlg`m. Hmtg: - Étki mpfcmhgl. Ecourg 0> - Vkhsmr guxclcgr 67 ;.72 - FG^G ^GTG ^ GTG FMLFBÖH G[PMFLGUÇUKL (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg g chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Kstg fudckrtg sk puk`k utclczgr kh luogr `k lg fudckrtg `k plçstcfm fmhvkhfcmhgl. Vk iukstrg gfgdg`m kxtkrhm kh kl glom`öh, y kl igtkrcgl g prukdg `k goug, hm töxcfm y lgvgdlk chtkrhg. Vu `kspc`m utclczgfcmh `k usm `k rmpg `k fgig pgrg Fmlfböh gfgdg`m. Kl fgsm `k Fmlfböh puk`k kstkrclczgrsk pmr prmfksm kh gutmflgvk g tkipkrgturgs `k bgstg 747 ¾ F ùrghtk 4> ich. Hmtg: - Étki mpfcmhgl. Ecourg 07 - Fgpg pgrg fmlfböh Gutmflgvgdlk ;.73 - FMLFBÖH @K OKL (gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg g chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Merkfk igymr fmhemrtm gm pgfckhtk, guxclcgh`m chfluscvk kh lg ighutkhfcöh `k sug tkipkrgturg fmrpörkg. Ecourg 04 ‖ Fmlfböh `k okl Hmtg: - étki mpfcmhgl. ;.4> - G@G^PG@MT ^GTG P[DMV @K UKHPCLGFCÖH (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg g chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Kstk gffksmrcm pkrictk quk lgs tudkrégs pgrg skr chstglg`ms `k vkhtclgfcöh `k uhg ighkrg skourg y fmhemrtgdlk. ^grg egfclctgr lg fmlmfgfcöh, kl ghcllm g`gptg`mr fmhstg `k uhg vgrcllg elkxcdlk, chstglg`m `khtrm `kl fmipgrtcickhtm `k rkfcãh hgfc`m. Ecourg 06 - G`gptg`mr pgrg tudms pgrg vkhtclgfcöh -Hmtg: étki mpfcmhgl. 64 ;.47 - FMHJ[HPM TÃO[G PTC^LK (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg g chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Kstk gffksmrcm sk puk`k fmhkftgr `crkftgikhtk g lg rk` `k mxéokhm y / m uhg gidulghfcg `k gcrk fmiprcic`m m uh bmspctgl, fukhtg fmh 6 dmqucllgs kh Vglc`g fmh vçlvulg. Fmh kl fmhjuhtm `k trcplk rkolg sk prmpmrfcmhgh `ms ik`c`mrks `k elujm, uh hkdulczg`mr y uhg dmtkllg `k gspcrgfcöh. Mds.: Mpfcmhglikhtk pm`k skr emrhkfc`m fmh `ms hkdulczg`mrks k ergsfm pgrg gspcrgfcöh fmh vgfum iktrm. G ‖ Dcfm `k khtrg`g D ‖ Tkocstrm F ‖ Vglc`g `g rkolg Mds: Fmhkxcmhks G y F tckhkh fmhkxcöh fmh rmsfg 3/75 "- 72[HE fugh`m sk utclczg pgrg M4 y 6/0" - 75 [HE pgrg gcrk fmiprcic`m. Hmtg: - étki mpfcmhgl. Ecourg 00 - Tkolg trcplk ;.44 - HKD[LCZG@MT (Gffksmrcm `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg g chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Kl usm `k kstk gffksmrcm kh lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk guikhtg Fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k Buik`g` `kl gcrk `khtrm `kl fmipgrtcickhtm `k rkfcãh hgfc`m. Tkfcpckhtk `k plçstcfm fmh fgpgfc`g` içxcig `k 6>> il, vckhk fmh ighoukrg `k fmhkxcöh fmh tmrhcllms `k 3/75 "- 72[HE. 7‖ Fmhkxcöh gl lg rk` `k gcrk fmiprcic`m 4- `kpösctm `k goug Fúpulg `k lg chfudg`mrg 6 Fmhkxcöh Ecourg 0; - Hkdulczg`mr Hmtg: - étki mpfcmhgl. ;.46 - TKGHCIG@MT IGH[GL (Gffksmrcm `k usm hæm kxfluscvm pgrg g chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V. ^mssuc rkocstrm pröprcm juhtm î GHUCVG hº: 7>0646>>>>3). Kstk gffksmrcm sk fmipmhk `k uhg dmlsg gutmchelgdlk kh gutmflgvk `k vchclm, içsfgrg egfcgl fmh pmlcfgrdmhgtm gdultgickhtm y vchclm fmjéh bchfbgdlk, fmhkxcöh khtrghtk pgrg Glcikhtgfcöh fmh lg mxéokhm, lg vçlvulg `k pmlcfgrdmhgtm `k uhg smlg vég fmh vçlvulg `k skourc`g`. ûk`k skr prmpmrfcmhg`m kh `ms tgig÷ms (7 y 4) 66 Ecourg 05 - Tkghcig`mr ighugl Hmtg: - étki mpfcmhgl. ;.40 - FG^[FBG ^GTG MRCOKHCMPKTG^CG (Gffksmrcm `k usm hm kxfluscvm pgrg lg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V. Pckhk su prmpcm rkocstrm kh lg GHUCVG hº: 7>44?72>>6>). Lg fgpufbg `k lg tkrgpcg `k mxéokhm kstç emrig`m pmr uh fukrpm fmh emrig fcléh`rcfg y uh pgrfbk skpgrgdlk, fmhstruc`m kh gfrélcfm trghspgrkhtk. Kl usm `k kstk gffksmrcm kstç `kstchg`m g prmpmrfcmhgr lg fmim`c`g` y lg Fmhfkhtrgfcöh mxéokhm `kl pgfckhtk. Lg khtrg`g mxéokhm sk bgfk g trgvãs `k uhg dmqucllg `k khtrg`g `k pmlcfgrdmhgtm, quk sk khfukhtrg kh kl fukrpm `k lg fgpufbg. [h goujkrm kh lms pgsgjks `k pgrfbk y `ms lgtkrglks sctug`ms kh kl fukrpm `k lg fgipghg kvctgr Emrigfcöh `k FM4 kh fgsm `k egltg `k mxéokhm. 7. Mrcecfcm `g tgpg 4. Pgpg 6. Dcfm `k khtrg`g `k 0. ;. mxéokhm pgrg ighoukrg `k Ò 7/0 “ Fukrpm `k lg fgpufbg ^gsgjk lgtkrgl Ecourg 0? - Fgpufbg Lg fgpufbg pm`k skr emrhkfc`m kh trks tgig÷ms `cekrkhtks, `kstchg`ms g pgfckhtks `k `cekrkhtks pksms: Pgig÷m ^ksm `m TH ^kquk÷m Ik`cm Orgh`k < 7>>>o 7>>>o g 65>>o 8 65>>o Hmtg: - étki mpfcmhgl. ;.4; - FCLCH@TM ^GTG OÇV (Mpfcmhgl `k usm hm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Lms fclch`rms `k Mxéokhm k Gcrk Fmiprcic`m pm`kh skr: 60 ^KVM V/FGTOG @MP 6GG (GÏM M[ GL[ICHCM) @MP 6GG (GÏM M[ GL[ICHCM) @MP 6GL @MP 6GL @MP 6GG (GÏM M[ GL[ICHCM) @MP 6GG (GÏM M[ GL[ICHCM) @MP 6GL UML[IK @KL FCLCH@TM PC^M @ PC^M K PC^M @ PC^M K PC^M @ PC^M K PC^M @ 4,2 Ao 6,3 Ao 6,3 Ao ;,; Ao 4,2 Ao 6,3 Ao 6,3 Ao ^KVM F/FGTOG 6,; Ao 0,2 Ao 0,3 Ao 5,? Ao 6,; Ao 0,2 Ao 0,3 Ao @MP 6GL PC^M K ;,; Ao 5,? Ao OÇV KV^KFCECFGFCÖH FCLCH@TM MRCOKHCM MRCOKHCM MRCOKHCM MRCOKHCM GT FMI^TCIC@M GT FMI^TCIC@M GT FMI^TCIC@M GT FMI^TCIC@M Hmtg: - étki mpfcmhgl. IGPKTCGL @K FMHV[IM ;.45 - ECLPTM @K GCTK (igtkrcgl `k fmhsuim `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Lg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V tckhk uh ecltrm `k gcrk fuyg euhfcöh e ks klcichgr lgs cipurkzgs `kl gcrk `k skr chtrmùfc`m kh kl fmipgrtcickhtm `kl rkfcãh hgfc`m. Kstk ecltrm `kdk skr rkkiplgzg`m g chtkrvglms içs fmrtms ùrghtk 3> `égs m fg`g vkz quk lg chfudg`mrg rkfcdcr uh pgfckhtk fmh khekrik`g` chekffcmsg. Lms ecltrms sk utclczgh kxfluscvgikhtk pgrg lg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V. ^grg ogrghtczgr kl dukh euhfcmhgickhtm y ogrghtczgr Fmh`cfcmhks gidckhtglks öptcigs `kl pgfckhtk, utclcfk úhcfgikhtk Mlc`ke ecltrms `k gcrk mrcochglks. Lms ecltrms kstçh `cspmhcdlks kh pgquktks fmh lg 4 m 7> uhc`g`ks. Ukjg hm étki 76.6 ‖ Fgidcm `m ecltrm `k gcrk. Hmtg: - étki mpfcmhgl. ;.4? - G@BKVCUMV ^GTG VKHVMT @K MRCIKPTÉG (Igtkrcgl `k fmhsuim `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) ^grg utclczgr kl skhsmr `k mxciktrég kstçh `cspmhcdlks `ms tcpms `k g`bkscvms `kskfbgdlks pgrg lg ecjgfcöh, prmpmrfcmhgh`m fmim`c`g` y kl fmrrkftm pmscfcmhgickhtm `kl skhsmr kh kl pgfckhtk. Lms g`bkscvms sk suichcstrgh kh acts fmh lg 4; uhc`g`ks kh `ms kstçh`grks pgrg lms rkfcãh hgfc`ms `k `cekrkhtks pksms: @ksfrcpfcöh Act `k g`bkscvms pgrg skhsmr `k mxciktrég tgig÷m 7 Act `k g`bkscvms pgrg skhsmr `k mxciktrég tgig÷m 4 Ecourg 02 - G`bkscvm tgig÷m 7 Fö`com Mlc`ke 75>> >>>>6> 75>> >>>>6; Ecourg 03 - G`bkscvm tgig÷m 4 Mds.: Tkfmickh`g-sk g utclczgfcöh `ms g`bkscvms g`bkscvms tgig÷m 7 pgrg pgfckhtks gtã 4 Ao k `ms g`bkscvms tgig÷m 4 pgrg pgfckhtks khtrk 4 k 7> Ao. Hmtg: - étki mpfcmhgl. 6; ;.42 - G@BKVCUMV ^GTG VKHVMT @K TH (Igtkrcgl `k fmhsuim `k usm kxfluscvm pgrg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V) Pglks g`bkscvms sk `kdkh utclczgr pgrg lg ecjgfcöh `kl skhsmr `k tkipkrgturg kh lg pckl `kl pgfckhtk y sk prmpmrfcmhgh kh acts fmh 7> uhc`g`ks. Hmtg: - étki mpfcmhgl. 5KV^KFCGLKV @K GLIGFKHGICKHPM, FMHVKTUGFCÖH K/MFMH@CFCMHKV IGHC^[LGFCÖH @KL ^TM@[FPM 5.7 - GHPKV @K LG CHVPGLGFCÖH Igrfgfcöh kh lg kidglgjk `k lg chfudg`mrg k `kl smpmrtk: Lg chemrigfcöh rklgtcvg g lgs prkfgufcmhks quk `kdkh tmigrsk ùrghtk kl trghspmrtk y gligfkhgickhtm `kl prmùftm sk ch`cfgh ik`cghtk scidmlmoég kstçh`gr `crkftgikhtk kh kl khvgsk. Hmtg: - Pghtm kl fgrrm fmh gjustk `k glturg, fmfbk sch gjustk `k lg glturg y kl fmfbk `k dgsurg quk gfmipg÷g gl prmùftm kh khvgsks skpgrg`ms. Erçocl ‖ fuc`g`m kh kl trghspmrtk y gligfkhgickhtm. ^rmtkokr `k lg lluvcg kh kl trghspmrtk y gligfkhgickhtm. Ighcpulgr kl rkfcpckhtk fmh kl lg`m ch`cfg`m pmr elkfbgs bgfcg grrcdg. Gpclg`m içxcim - `ktkrichg lg fghtc`g` içxcig `k `chkrm kh kekftcvm quk sk puk`k gpclgr ùrghtk kl trghspmrtk y gligfkhgickhtm. Buik`g` içxcig 2>%. @ktkrichg kl léictk `k tkipkrgturg, khtrk lms fuglks, kl kidglgjk `kdk skr gligfkhg`m m trghspmrtg`m. Fmhskrvgr glkjg`m `k tm`g lg luz smlgr. 65 5.4 - @KV^[ÃV @K LG CHVPGLGFCÖH Fmh`cfcmhks gidckhtglks `k mpkrgfcöh: Egjg `k tkipkrgturg `k euhfcmhgickhtm 7>ºF g 6>ºF Egjg `k tkipkrgturg Lcictg`g - ;ºF g 0>ºF Buik`g` rklgtcvg `k euhfcmhgickhtm 7; g 3; % hæm fmh`khsghtk Vmhc`m gidckhtk < 0; `D ^rkscöh gtimseãrcfg ;4; iiBo î ?3; iiBo  GPKHÏÄM ^krcm`ms içs lgroms `k 7; ichutms kh kl trghspmrtk fmh`cfcmhks g`vkrsgs kxtkrhms kh lg chfudg`mrg hm puk`kh ightkhkr lg tkipkrgturg `kl fmipgrtcikhtm `kl dkdã.   Fmh`cfcmhks gidckhtglks `k gfmh`cfcmhgickhtm (khtrk mpkrgfcmhks): Ki lmfgl prmtkoc`m `k fbuvg k sml `crkftm. • Egjg `k tkipkrgturg gidckhtk gfmh`cfcmhgickhtm > ‖ ;;ºF Egjg buik`g` rklgtcvg gidckhtk gfmh`cfcmhgickhtm > ‖ 2>% hm fmh`khsghtk Egjg `g prkscöh gtimseãrcfg ;4; iiBo î ?3;iiBo Fmhskrvgfcöh Fugh`m kstç kh usm, lg lcipckzg y `kschekffcöh `k lgs supkrecfcks `k gplcfgfcmhks, usk úhcfgikhtk uh • jgdöh sugvk. Ightkhog lcipcgs y `kschekftg`gs Kqucpgickhtm pgrg lg pröxcig utclczgfcöh. • Hm pkrictg quk lms léquc`ms sk gligfkhgh `khtrm `kl Kqucpgickhtm. • • • Hm utclcfk fk `ktkrokhtk m pulc`m m lcipckzg pmr ultrgsmhc`ms, gsé fmim `csmlvkhtks mroçhcfms tglksutclc fmim `csmlvkhtksfçustcfg pgrg lcipcgr kl Kqucpgickhtm. Ightkhkr Kqucpgickhtm kh luogr lcipcm, glkjg`m `kl pmlvm. ? - G@UKTPÊHFCGV K/M[ ^TKFG[FCMHKV G VKTKI G@M^PG@GV Kl fgpétulm `k kstk ighugl `kl usugrcm fmhtckhk Chemrigfcmhks kxtrkig`gikhtk cipmrtghtks pgrg ogrghtczgr lg skourc`g` k chtkorc`g` `kl pgfckhtk, usugrcm y Kqucpgickhtm. Vcog lkykh`m GPKHFCÖH! Kl chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk - T_P ^ ^L[V L[V `kdkh utclczgrsk sölm pmr pkrsmhgl `kdc`gikhtk fgpgfctg`m • dgjm `crkfcöh iã`cfm fglcecfg`m egiclcgrczg`m fmh lms Tcksoms y dkhkecfcms fmhmfc`ms `k su utclczgfcöh. Pm`ms llms ms usugrcms Kqucpgickhtm `kd `kdkh kh kstgr egiclcgrczg`ms fmh kl euhfcmhgickhtm `k lg chfudg`mrg `k • trghspmrtk y lms kekftms g lms pgfckhtks. Kstg chfudg`mrg hm ks g`kfug`m pgrg lg utclczgfcöh kh prkskhfcg `k ogsks ghkstãscfms chelgigdlks u • mtrms igtkrcglks chelgigdlks, tglks fmim glouhms léquc`ms pgrg lg lcipckzg. Ghtks `k fmhkftgr kl kqucpm, gskoúrksk `k quk lg eukhtk `k glcikhtgfcöh ks fmh fmhtchug, tchug, sc kl • gtkrrgickhtm ks ecgdlk y lgs chstglgfcmhks smh g`kfug`gs pgrg lg utclczgfcöh `kl bmspctgl. • [tclcfk uh rkoulg`mr `k tkhscöh sc bgy lg pmscdclc`g` `k msfclgfcmhks kh lg rk` pmr khfcig `k lg egjg `ktkrichg`m kh tãfhcfgs Kspkfcecfgfcmhks `kl grtéfulm. [sk smlgikhtk Glcikhtgfcöh fgdlk mrcochgl. Hm utclcfk g`gptg`mrks m fgdlks quk hm smh suichcstrg`gs • pmr lg eçdrcfg m sus rkprkskhtghtks gutmrczg`ms. Hm utclcfk lg chfudg`mrg sch lg rk` kstç fmhkftg`m fmrrkftgikhtk gtkrrgickhtm. Ghtks `k fmhkftgr fuglquckr kqucpm g`cfcmhgl pgrg kl pgfckhtk, gskoúrksk `k quk ks klãftrcfgikhtk • skourm. Hm fmhkftk hchoúh klkikhtm quk hm kstç kspkfcecfg`m fmim pgrtk `k Kqucpgickhtm. • Hm bgy pgrtks chtkrhgs klãftrcfg Tc Tcksom ksom `k fbmquk `k Kqucpgickhtm, gskoúrksk `k qu qukk lgs rkvcscmhks, • fglcdrgfcmhks y ighutkhfcmhks llkvgrsk g fgdm sölm pmr pkrsmhgl fuglcecfg`m. Kl kqucpm qucrúrocfm `k gltg erkfukhfcg, kstciulg`mrks klãftrcfms, tkrgpcgs `k mh`g fmrtg, `ksecdrclg`mrks • y igrfgpgsms fgr`égfm puk`k gekftgr gl euhfcmhgickhtm `k lg chfudg`mrg, guhquk lg icsig bgh prmtkffcöh ecltrms quk fuiplkh fmh lgs kspkfcecfgfcmhks `k lgs hmrigs `k fmipgtcdclc`g` klkftrmigohãtcfg. Lg cchfudg`mrg hfudg`mrg hm ks rkfmikh`gdlk utclczgfcöh kh fmhjuhfcöh fmh Kqucpgickhtms qucrúrocfms `k gltg • erkfukhfcg. • Lms skhsmrks utclczg`ms pmr lg chfudg`mrg hm kstçh prmtkoc`ms fmhtrg lms kekftms `ksecdrclgfcöh, gsé quk ghtks `k chcfcgr kl imhctmrgfcöh `k uh pgrçiktrm ecscmlöocfm, mdskrvk lgs Chemrigfcmhks, g`vkrtkhfcgs y prkfgufcmhks smdrk Gplcfgfcöh y kl im`m `k Mpkrgfcöh `k gffksmrcms, fmim kl usm 6? • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • chfmrrkftm `k kstms egftmrks puk`kh fgusgr qukigùrgs y / m `ksfgrogs klãftrcfgs kh uh `ksecdrclg`mr `ksfgrog echgl. Hm fmlmquk mdjktms fkrfg `k lg sglc`g `k gcrk `k khtrg`g m kl fmipgrtcikhtm `k TH. Kl usm `k lms gsckhtms pgrg hc÷ms u mtrms gffksmrcms `khtrm `k lg chfudg`mrg puk`k fgidcgr kl Elujm `k gcrk pmr `kekftm, lm quk puk`k gekftgr g lg uhcemric`g` `k lg tkipkrgturg, lg vgrcgdclc`g` `k lg tkipkrgturg, Fmrrklgfcöh lg lkfturg `k lg tkipkrgturg kh lg chfudg`mrg Fmlfböh tkipkrgturg fkhtrgl y lg tkipkrgturg Tklgfcöh pckl `kl rkfcãh hgfc`m. Kqucpgickhtms utc utclczg`ms lczg`ms kh fmhjuhfcöh fmh lg chfudg`mrg, tglks fmim emtmtkrgpcg m fglkhtg`m `kl fmlfböh puk`kh gekftgr gl rkh`cickhtm `k Kqucpgickhtm fgidcgh`m kl @CVPTCD[CFCMH fglmr smdrk Fmlfböh gekftgr g lg tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk y `k lg pckl `kl pgfckhtk. ^grg kvctgr quk kl pgfckhtk sk smdrkfglckhtk `kdc`m g lg rg`cgfcöh `crkftg, hm fmlmquk lg chfudg`mrg `crkftgikhtk g lg luz smlgr m kh mtrgs eukhtks `k fglmr rg`cghtk luz. Kh kstms fgsms, lg fmh`cfcöh e mpkrgr kl fmhtrml `k gcrk, puk`k vkrsk fmiprmiktc`g. Dlmqukgr lgs ruk`gs `k lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk ghtks `k ighcpulgr kl pghkl `k fmhtrml. ^grg uuhg hg ikjmr kstgdclc`g` `k lg Chfudg`mrg, sckiprk trgdgr lgs ruk`gs `k fmfbk fugh`m kstçh kh pmscfcmhks `k kspkrg. Fugh`m lg chfudg`mrg kstç pgrg`m kh uhg rgipg, gskoúrksk `k quk lgs ruk`gs sk dlmqukgh, y hm tckhkh: rcksoms `k `kslczgickhtm. Ghtks `k fmlmfgr hchouhg fgrog smdrk V Vmpmrtk mpmrtk pgrg imhctmrks `k lg chfudg`mrg, gskoúrksk `k quk ks Prgdg`m, sc lg fgrog ks tmtglikhtk fmipgtcdlk kh lg dgh`kjg hm sk rkfmickh`g ightkhkrsk kh lg fcig `k lgs pkstg÷gs y / m supkrpmhkrsk mtrg Kqucpgickhtms y sckiprk trgtgr `k pmhkr kh fkhtrm `k lg dgh`kjg. Hm kxfk`kr lgs fgrogs içxcigs kspkfcecfg`gs kh kstk ighugl. Lg utclczgfcöh `k kstk kqucpm kstç rkstrchoc`m g uh pgfckhtk g lg vkz. Hm ks gfmhskjgdlk `kjgr gl dkdã sch vcoclghfcg fugh`m lgs pukrtgs `k gffksm kstçh gdckrtms. Hm `kjgr gl pgfckhtk sch vvcoclghfcg coclghfcg kh kl Fmlfböh sc sk gftcvg uhg glgrig. Ks kskhfcgl imhctmrczgfcöh ch`kpkh`ckhtk `kl rkfcãh hgfc`m pmr kl mpkrg`mr `k lg tkipkrgturg `k lg chfudg`mrg. Lg cchfudg`mrg hfudg`mrg hm puk`k `cstchoucr khtrk uh Klkvgfcöh `k lg tkipkrgturg fmrpmrgl chtkrhg fmh lg pckl erég (eckdrk) y uhg dgjg tkipkrgturg `k lg pckl chtkrhg `kl fukrpm (bcpmtkricg). Vk rkfmickh`g imhctmrgfcöh lg tkipkrgturg `kl pgfckhtk. Lg chfudg`mrg hm puk`k ik`cr y fmhtrmlgr lg tkipkrgturg `k lg pckl `kl pgfckhtk sc kl skhsmr `k TH hm kstç fmlmfg`m fmrrkftgikhtk kh kl pgfckhtk. Ightkhog kl skhsmr cheghtcl y kl g`bkscvm pgrg lg ecjgfcöh sk fmlmfgh fmrrkftgikhtk kh kkll pgfckhtk. Gskoúrksk `k quk kl skhsmr TH kstç sckiprk kh fmhtgftm `crkftm fmh lg pckl `kl dkdã. Lg tkipkrgturg rkftgl hm smh g`kfug`ms pgrg kl fmhtrml `k sglc`g fglkhtg`mr chfudg`mrg. Gskoúrksk `k quk lms fgdlks `k lms skhsmrks `k TH y mtrms kxpkh`k`mrks tudms sk fmlmfgh fmrrkftgikhtk kh lms pgsms `k tudm y kl ighouctm `kl crcs kstç chstglg`m fmrrkftgikhtk, `k lm fmhtrgrcm lg kstgdclc`g` `k lg tkipkrgturg `k lg chfudg`mrg puk`k skr chtkrekrc`m. [sk smlgikhtk skhsmrks TH suichcstrg`ms `crkftgikhtk pmr Mlc`ke m sus rkprkskhtghtks gutmrczg`ms. Chspkffcmhk bgdkr hgfc`mrkoulgrikhtk fgkr Tcksom. lgs trgdgs `k lg fúpulg `k tgpgs, pmrtcllms y Lkfbm `kl Fmlfböh pmrquk puk`k Ghtks `k lkvghtgr lg fúpulg `k vk vkrcecfgfcöh rcecfgfcöh sc sk `ksfmhkftgh tm`ms lms tudms y fgdlks. Völm pkrsmhgl fglcecfg`m `kdkrç rkglczgr lms prmfk`cickhtms `k ighutkhfcöh y fglcdrgfcöh `kl Kqucpgickhtm. Hm tmquk lgs supkrecfcks iktçlcfgs `kl fglkhtg`mr. ^grg kvctgr lg pmscdclc`g` `k qukigùrgs ickhtrgs prmfk`cickhtms quk sk rkgl rkglczgh czgh ighutkhfcöh y lcipckzg, gskoúrksk `k quk lg chfudg`mrg kstç `ksfmhkftg`m `k lg rk` y fmiprukdk quk kl `cscpg`mr `k fglmr `k lg rkscstkhfcg Fglkhtgickhtm hm kstç fglckhtk. ^grg kvc kvctgr tgr uhg `ksfgrog klãftrcfg Tcksom kh kl `kskipk÷m `k lms prmfk`cickhtms `k lcipckzg y ighutkhfcöh Kqucpgickhtm `ksfmhkftgr kl fgdlk `k glcikhtgfcöh y `ksfmhkftk lg llgvk kh okhkrgl. Gskoúrksk `k quk kl suichcstrm `k mxéokhm y gcrk fmiprcic`m pgrg lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk kstçh fkrrg`ms ghtks `k rkglczgr lg lcipckzg y prmfk`cickhtms `k ighutkhfcöh. ûk`k bgdkr chfkh`cm y kxplmscöh Tcksom lg chfudg`mrg ighutkhfcöh m lcipckzg sk llkvgh g fgdm kh uh gidckhtk khrcqukfc`m fmh lg mxéokhm. @ksfmhkftgr kl iöùlm skhsmr skhsmr `k TH tcrgh`m `kl fmhkftmr. Hm gplcquk uhg eukrzg kxfkscvg smdrk kl fgdlk `kl skhsmr ùrghtk`k suTH utclczgfcöh khfgdlk lms prmfk`cickhtms `kkxfkscvg. lcipckzg yK chspkffcöh. Hm rktcrk `kl pgfckhtk kl skhsmr tcrgh`m m`kl fmh uhg eukrzg Kstk stk prmfk`cickhtm puk`k `g÷gr kl skhsmr m fgusgr TH crrctgfcöh `k lg pckl `kl pgfckhtk. 62 • • • • • • • • • • @ksfmhkftgr kl iöùlm `k skhsmr kh lg fúpulg chfudg`mrg tcrgh`m `k lg pkstg÷g kxcstkhtk. Hm gplcquk uhg eukrzg kxfkscvg smdrk kl fgdlk `kl skhsmr ùrghtk su utclczgfcöh m kh prmfk`cickhtms `k lcipckzg y chspkffcöh. Hm utcl utclcfk cfk `csmlvkhtks gdrgscvms m Vmlufcmhks ``kk lcipckzg pgrg lcipcgr lgs sup supkrecfcks krecfcks `k lg cchfudg`mrg. hfudg`mrg. Kl fmhsuim `k glfmbml kh lgs supkrecfcks gfrélcfgs puk`k prmvmfgr quk sk skquk, `kjçh`mlm mpgfm. Hm kkxpmhog xpmhog lgs supkrecfcks gfrélcfgs y `k plçstcfm pgrg `crcocr lg rg`cgfcöh `k lgs lçipgrgs okricfc`gs. Lg rg`cgfcöh ultrgvcmlktg puk`k fgusgr skquk`g` `k kstgs eukhtks `k kstms igtkrcglks. Ghtks `k gplcfgr prmùftms quéicfms pgrg llgg lcipckzg `k llgs gs supkrecfcks `k lg chfudg`mrg, gskourgrsk `k quk hm smh gorkscvms gl plçstcfm, gfrélcfm, pckzgs frmig`gs m pchtg`gs. Kh fgsm `k ù`g, fmhsultk g su `cstrcduc`mr. @ksfmhkftgr y ightkhkr `ks khfkh`c`m prmpmrfcmhgr mxéokhm ùrghtk llms ms prmfk`cickhtms `k lcipckzg chfudg`mrg. Fugh`m lms rgyms R sk tmigh g trgvãs `kl `mim, fúpulg `k gfrélcfm puk`k gpgrkfkr kh lg cigokh fmim uhg smidrg rg`cmtrghspgrkhtk y puk`k `gr luogr g uh `cgohöstcfm chfmrrkftm. Hm fmlmquk Kqucpgickhtms u mtrms gffksmrcms `k lg fúpulg. @ @urghtk urghtk uhg sctugfcöh `k kikrokhfcg sk puk`k gdrcr rçpc`gikhtk. ^grg ggfmplgr fmplgr lg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V kh gvcmhks `k trghspmrtk m uhg gidulghfcg, ustk` `kdk gdgjgr smpmrtk y khoghfbk lg Chfudg`mrg kh su luogr gprmpcg`m kh lg gkrmhgvk m uhg gidulghfcg. Vus ik`cms `k ecjgfcöh fmrrkftms `k trghspmrtk `kpkh`kh `k lgs Fmh`cfcmhks y prmfk`cickhtms g`mptg`ms pmr kl flckhtk, rkfukr`k sckiprk trgdgr lgs ruk`gs. [tclcfk kxfluscvgikhtk gffksmrcms y pckzgs Ml Mlc`ke c`ke pgrg gskourgr uuhh ikjmr rkh`cickhtm y Kqucpgickhtm `k skourc`g`. •Ks pmscdlk im`cecfgr kl prmùftm dgjm fuglquckr fmh`cfcöh e. Fuglquckr ogrghtég `csfgpgfc`g` fgusg `ksimhtgjk m Im`cecfgfcöh. ?.7 •- MRÉOKHM Kl usm cchg`kfug`m hg`kfug`m `k mxéokhm suplkikhtgrcm puk`k kstgr gsmfc gsmfcg`m g`m fmh kekftms skfuh`grcms orgvks, • • • • • • • • • • • fmim fkoukrg, `gihcecfgfcöh `k lgs fãlulgs fkrkdrglks y lg iukrtk. Kl Tcksom `k Gfukr`m vgrég fmh fg`g pgfckhtk. Kl iãtm`m, lg Fmhfkhtrgfcöh y @urgfcöh `k lg Gìchcstrgfcöh `k mxéokhm `kdkh skr rkfktg`ms pmr uh vkh`k`mr kxpkrtm iã`cfm fuglcecfg`m `k Tcksoms y dkhkecfcms. Vc tckhk quk gìchcstrgr mxéokhm kh fgsm `k kikrokhfcg, kl iã`cfm trgtghtk `kdkrç skr chik`cgtgikhtk. tgsgs `k elujm `k mxéokhm igrfg`m kh lg chfudg`mrg y pmrfkhtgjks imstrg`ms kh ppghtgllg ghtgllg mxéokhm hm sk puk`kh utclczgr fmim uhg ch`cfgfcöh hkfksctgh lms fmhfkhtrgfcmhks `k mxéokhm kh uhg chfudg`mrg, y sölm `kdkh utclczgrsk fmim uhg ouég. Lms fmhfkhtrgfcmhks `k Mxéokhm sk `kdkh ik`cr fmh uh ghglczg`mr `k mxéokhm fglcdrg`m g chtkrvglms rkoulgrks kstgdlkfc`ms pmr kl iã`cfm trgtghtk. Lg tgjg `k Elujm igrfg`gikhtk mxéokhm kh lg tgdlg kh lg pgrtk pmstkrcmr, hm ks vçlc vçlc`m `m fugh`m sk trgdgjg kh im`m skrvm fmhtrmlg`m `k mxéokhm. Lg gpkrturg `k lg pukrtg `k gffksm, puk`k kxpkrcikhtgr uhg fgé`g kh lg Fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k mxéokhm. ^grg tmigr uhg hukvg Ik`cfcöh kspkrgr uh tckipm pgrg quk lg Fmhfkhtrgfcöh sk rkstgurg. Kl Fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k mxéokhm `cdujg`m pmr uh hc÷m `k `ktkrichg tkrichg prkvcgikhtk kl mxéokhm grtkrcgl pgrfcgl `k tkhscöh. Hm utclcfk mxéokhm kh prkskhfcg `k ghkstãscfms chelgigdlks. Ightkhog fuglquckr eukhtk `k cohcfcöh (pmr kjkiplm, fkrcllgs, fc fcogrrcllms, ogrrcllms, kqucpms quk prmùzfgh fbcspgs, ktf.) lkjms `k lg bgdctgfcöh kh lg quk lg chfudg`mrg kstç euhfcmhgh`m. Pklgs, gfkctk u mtrm cohcfcöh `kl fmidustcdlk khtrgh eçfclikhtk fugh`m kl gcrk kstç khrcqukfc`m fmh mxéokhm. Lg sufck`g` kh kl ecltrm `k gcrk puk`k gekftgr Fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k mxéokhm kh lg chfudg`mrg y / m fgusgr Emrigfcöh `cöxc`m `k fgrdmhm (FM4). Gskoúrksk `k quk kl ecltrm sk vg g fgidcm`m lms plgzms kspkfcecfg`ms, m sckiprk quk skg hkfksgrcm. Lg chfc`khfcg `k lg ecdrmplgscg rktrmlkhtgl Tcksom ks orgùgl gl gplcfgr fmhfkhtrgtcmhs igymr mxéokhm `kl 0>% kh lms rkfcãh hgfc`ms fmh lg khekrik`g`ks fgr`cmrrkspcrgtmrcgs. Hm fmhkftk lgs ighoukrgs `k gidms pkzmhks `k khtrg`g `k mxéokhm Mxéokhm gl icsim tckipm. [sk smlg smlgikhtk ikhtk Mxcokhm skhsmrks suichcstrg`ms `crkftgikhtk pmr Mlc`ke m sus rkprkskhtghtks gutmrczg`ms. ?.4 - MRCIKPTÉG CHPKOTG@G • • Lms lléictks éictks içxcim iéhcim lgs glgrigs `k V VpM4 pM4 y lms pgrçiktrms `k erkfukhfcg fgr`cgfg `kdkh skr `ktkrichg`ms pmry kl iã`cfm`ktrgtghtk. Gjustk cchfmrrkftm hfmrrkftm `k kstgs glgrigs puk`k `gr luogr g lg guskhfcg `k glkrtgs Vctugfcmhks pmtkhfcgl `k Tcksom pgrg kl pgfckhtk. 63 • • • • • • • Lms vvglmrks glmrks chkxgftms puk`kh skr fgusg`ms pmr lg gplcfgfcöh chfmrrkftg `kl skhsmr, cluichgfcöh gidckhtgl, lg fmlmfgfcöh `kl skhsmr y imvcikhtgfcöh `kl pgfckhtk. Lg erkfukhfcg `k lms cipulsms `k lg pãr`c`g puk`k skr fgusg`g pmrquk kl skhsmr ks lg mfluscöh `kigscg`m gprktg`g m grtkrcgl fkrfg `kl skhsmr. Vk puk`kh chtkrekrcr fmh kl rkh`cickhtm `k uh skhsmr `k VpM4 uhg eukrtk cluichgfcöh `kl ik`cm gidckhtk, lg cluichgfcöh smlgr, lçipgrgs qucrúrocfgs m emtmtkrgpcg kh kstms fgsms fudrkh kl çrkg `kl skhsmr fmh uh igtkrcgl mpgfm. Chspkffcmhgr kl skhsmr sctcm gplcfgfcöh gl ikhms fg`g 5 g 2 bmrgs pgrg gskourgr lg fmrrkftg `kl skhsmr glchkgickhtm. Kl ttckipm ckipm içxcim rkfmikh`g`m pgrg lg gplcfgfcöh `kl skhsmr `k mxciktrég kh kl icsim luogr ks `k 2 bmrgs. Lg skhscdclc`g` `kl pgfckhtk g lms skhsmrks puk`k vgrcgr, pmr lm chspkffcmhgr lg Gplcfgfcöh sctcm pkrcö`cfgikhtk pgrg gskourgr lg chtkorc`g` `k lg pckl @kjk `k utclczgfcöh sc kl pgfckhtk ighceckstg rkgffcmhks glãrocfgs gl igtkrcgl g`bkscvm. [sk smlgikhtk skhsmrks `k mxciktrég y g`bkscvms suichcstrg`ms `crkftgikhtk pmr Mlc`ke m sus rkprkskhtghtks gutmrczg`ms. 2 - CHVPGLGFCÖH @KL KW[C^GICKHPM 2.7 - @KVKIDGLGJKI Fugh`m rkfcdg su chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V fukhtg fmh lgs scouckhtks sglvk`g`ks: Gskoúrksk `k quk lg fgjg quk fmhtckhk kl kqucpm kh dusfg `k scohms `k omlpks hc pkreurgfcöh, khtmhfks kl • kvkhtm `kdk skr mdjktm `k Tkflgigfcöh chik`cgtm fmh kl trghspmrtcstg, fmim fmrrkspmh`k g llgigr g uh rkprkskhtghtk gutmrczg`m pgrg gvglcgfcöh fmhjuhtg `k fuglquckr `g÷m g Kqucpgickhtm1 Vch kidgrom, ch`kpkh`ckhtkikhtk `k sc llgs gs sk÷glks kxtkrhgs (kh kl kidglgjk), khfmhtrgrmh glouhgs • • • crrkoulgrc`g`ks puhtm ghtkrcmr1 sk prmùjkrmh ùrghtk kl trghspmrtk, kl prmfk`cickhtm `kdk skr kl icsim quk sk ch`cfg kh kl Ghtks `k utclczgr llgg içquchg, fmiplktgr lg oogrghtég, grghtég, quk gfmipg÷g1 y khvcgrlm g Mlc`ke. ^mr lm quk ks hkfksgrcm pgrg gligfkhgr kl Kqucpgickhtm, uuhh luogr `mh`k lgs Fmh`cfcmhks gidckhtglks smh gprmpcg`gs `kdk skr prmpmrfcmhg`g, lg tkipkrgturg gidckhtk hm `kdk supkrgr lms ;; ¾ F y Buik`g` rklgtcvg `kl gcrk `kdk skr chekrcmr gl 2>% sch fmh`khsgfcöh. Vk rkfmickh`g quk lg uhc`g` puk`k gligfkhgr kh su kidglgjk mrcochgl. 2.4 - FBKW[KM ^TKLCICHGT Fugh`m rkfcdg su chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V fukhtg fmh lgs scouckhtks sglvk`g`ks: Kstg`m ikfçhcfm `k Kqucpgickhtm okhkrgl • Fmh`cfcmhks okhkrglks `k pchturg • Kstg`m okhkrgl `k fúpulg gfrélcfg • fuc`g`m y pmrtcllms chtkhscvg mpkrgr pukrtm • Fmhekrkhfcg `k ggffksmrcms ffksmrcms quk vckhkh fmh kl fgdlk `kl `c `cspmsctcvm spmsctcvm (7 Glc Glcikhtgfcöh ikhtgfcöh `k FG, fgdlk 7 • Glcikhtgfcöh `k 74`k U,TH, 7 jukom `k ecltrms (fmh `ms uhc`g`ks) ecjggokhtks llgvk, vçlvulg `k rkoulgfcöh, `mdlk, ighoukrg, skhsmr ighugl `k usugrcm y fmhvmfö g lms mpfcmhglks), gsé fmimbgfckh`m lg chfluscöh `k Tklgfcöh gutmrczg`m pgrg prmpmrfcmhgr gscstkhfcg tãfhcfg g kstk Fkrtcecfg`m Kqucpgickhtm y ogrghtég. 2.6 - IMHPGJK @KL KW[C^GICKHPM KW[C^ GICKHPM G Chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk - im`klm T_P ^L[V sk suichcstrg kh uh kidglgjk kspkfcgl. ^rmfk`cickhtms pgrg chstglgfcöh: 7. Fmlmquk kl gpmym `k lg chfudg`mrg kh uhg supkrecfck plghg. Prgdgr lgs fugtrm ruk`gs `k trghspmrtk Vmpmrtk. 4. 4. Fmlmfgr lg chfudg`mrg (7) kh Vmpmrtk (4), fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg ;>. Mds: - Kl lg`m `k lg pukrtg lgtkrgl `k lg fúpulg `kdk mpmhkrsk g lg glturg `kl Vmpmrtk Prgdgjm. - Vc lg chfudg`mrg kstç fmh lg dgsurg `k fmfbk mpfcmhgl, ECJGT lg icsig ighkrg fmh kl lg`m `k lg pukrtg lgtkrgl `k lg fuidrk `kdk skr lg glturg `k lg fgrrmfkrég fgicllg mpukstm `k trgdgjm, fmim sk iukstrg ;7. 0> Ecourg ;> - Ksqukig `k imhtgjk Ecourg ;7 - Ksqukig `k imhtgjk GPKHFCÖH - Oçs smd prkscöh. Ighmskgr fmh fuc`g`m. 6. Ecjk kl smpmrtk chfudg`mrg g trgvãs `k lgs tukrfgs `k igrcpmsg 0 quk vckhkh fmh kl prmùftm, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg ;4 y ;6 (fgig`g fmfbk). Ecourg ;4 - Ecjgfcöh `k lg chfudg`mrg gm smpmrtk Ecourg ;6 ‖ Ecjgfcöh `k lg chfudg`mrg kh kl fgrrm igfg GPKHFCÖH - Lg chfudg`mrg `kdk kstgr pkrekftgikhtk uhc`m gl smpmrtk, kstk krrmr puk`k rksultgr kh Vkpgrgfcöh `k ecjgfcöh y fgkr Chfudg`mrg Vmpmrtk, kspkfcglikhtk kh supkrecfcks chflchg`gs y kh pgrtcfulgr fmh lg fúpulg gdckrtg. 0. Imhtgr lg vgrcllg `k smpmrtk CU kh lg ouég `k lg vgrcllg sctug`g kh lg pgrtk pmstkrcmr. Gprktgr lg pchzg `k sujkfcöh kxtkrcmr pgrg ightkhkr lg vgrcllg, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg ;0 y ;; (fgrrm igfg). Ecourg ;0 - Ecjgfcöh `k lg bgstk `m sukrm Ecourg ;; - Ecjgfcöh `k lg bgstk `m sukrm 07 GPKHFCÖH - @urghtk kl trghspmrtk y lg ighcpulgfcöh `k lg Chfudg`mrg fmh su smpmrtk `k sukrm imhtg`g tmigr prkfgufcmhks g`kfug`gs pgrg kvctgr gffc`khtks y omlpks ikfçhcfms. ;. Fmhkftgr kl fgdlk `k F.G. Glc Glcikhtgfcöh ikhtgfcöh (suichcstrg`m fmh Kqucpgickhtm) kh kl fmhkftmr `kl `kl pghkl `k llgg khtrg`g gftugl chfudg`mrg. 5. Fmhkftgr kl fgdlk `k Glcikhtgfcöh g uhg tmig `k bmspctgl fmh 6 végs, fmh lg tkhscöh `k Glcikhtgfcöh 74>46>U~. GPKHFCÖH - Hm fmhkftk lg chfudg`mrg sc kl bmspctgl hm bg tmig`m uhg gtckrrgikhtm ecgdlk. Gskoúrksk `k quk lg tkhscöh y lg fmrrckhtk `k lg rk` klãftrcfg `mh`k sk kstç fmhkftg`m g lg chfudg`mrg sk fmrrkspmh`kh fmh lgs kspkfcecfgfcmhks `k lg plgfg `k c`khtcecfgfcöh `kl `cspmsctcvm (sctug`m kh lg pgrtk pmstkrcmr, gl lg`m `kl ecltrm `k gcrk). ?. Lcouk g llgvk okhkrgl lmfglczg`g kh lm pghkl `k khtrg`g `k fmrrckhtk `g chfudg`mrg. GPKHFCÖH - Ghtks `k utclczgr g chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk, rkfmickh`g-sk quk lg dgtkrég skg rkfgrog`g pmr uh pkrém`m `k 40 bmrgs. 2. ^grg utclczgr lg eukhtk `k glcikhtgfcöh kxtkrhg `k 74 U gl kkqucpm, qucpm, fmhkftk kl fgdlk `k 74U tkhscöh kxtkrhg ...... (suichcstrg`m fmh Kqucpgickhtm) kh lg egdrcfgfcöh `kl pghkl `k khtrg`g gftugl. Fmhkftk lg flgvcjg `kl fgdlk kh uh khfbuek pgrg kl khfkh`k`mr `k fcogrrcllms kh kl vkbéfulm quk tckhk uhg tkhscöh `k 74 U y lg fmrrckhtk iéhcig `k 4>G. GPKHFCÖH - ^grg kl pkrekftm euhfcmhgickhtm `k lg chfudg`mrg, fmiprukdk quk lg fmrrckhtk suichcstrg`g pmr lg dgtkrég `kl vkbéfulm ks suecfckhtk pgrg lg Glcikhtgfcöh `kl `cspmsctcvm. Vc lg pmlgrc`g` `k lg tkhscöh sk chvckrtk, bgdrç ch`cfgfcöh g trgvãs `kl ikhsgjk kh lg pghtgllg pmlgrc`g` chvkrtc`g. 3. Tktcrk kl pgquktk `k skhsmrks TH. Fmhkftgr gl iöùlm `kl pghkl `k skhsmrks, quk sk khfukhtrg kh kl lg`m czquckr`m `k lg chfudg`mrg, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg ;5, y lukom pgsgr kl skhsmr pgsgh`m fmhùftms kh Fmlfböh. Vc lg chfudg`mrg vckhk fmh skrvmfmhtrmlg`m `k scstkig `k mxéokhm, kl skhsmr `kdk skr fmhkftg`m gl iöùlm `k skhsmrks, quk sk khfukhtrg kh kl fmipgrtcickhtm `k TH, fmim sk iukstrg ;3. Ecourg ;5 ‖ Chstglgfcöh `kl Vkhsmr TH 04 Ecourg ;? ‖ Vkhsmr TH Ecourg ;2 ‖ Ksqukig `k lcogfcöh `kl Vkhsmr TH Ecourg ;3 ‖ Chstglgfcöh `kl Vkhsmr TH fmh M 4 skrvmfmhtrmlg`m 06 Ecourg 5> ‖ Vkhsmr TH pgrg scstkig skrvmfmhtrmlg`m Ecourg 57 ‖ Ksqukig `k lcogfcöh Vkhsmr TH GPKHFCÖH - ^grg kl gfmplgickhtm `k lg Chfudg`mrg `k Prghspmrtk T_P ^L[V kh lgs gkrmhgvks m uhg gidulghfcg `kdk pmhkrsk `k pck y gdgjgr y fmlmfgr kh sc `kdc`m luogr kh lg gkrmhgvk m uhg gidulghfcg. Lms ik`cms `k ecjgfcöh fmrrkftms `k trghspmrtk `kpkh`kh `k lgs Fmh`cfcmhks y prmfk`cickhtms g`mptg`ms pmr kl flckhtk, rkfukr`k sckiprk trgdgr lgs ruk`gs. 2.0 - CHVPGLLGH@M C HVPGLLGH@M LMV FCLCH@TMV - ^grg chstglgr lms fclch`rms kh lg chfudg`mrg, `kslczgr y pmscfcmhgrlms kh lms smpmrtks pgrg fclch`rms. - Vmpmrtks fclch`rms kh trgdgr fmh lgs gdrgzg`krgs `k rktkhfcöh (G), fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 54 . Ecourg 54 ‖ Chstglgfcöh `ms fclch`rms Ecjgr lg vçlvulg `k fmhtrml (7) gl fclch`rm (0) pgrg gprktgr ecrikikhtk utclczgr lg llgvk ecjg prmvcstg `k Kqucpgickhtm, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 56. - G÷g`cr kl ik`c`mr `k fgu`gl (4), prmvcstm `k Kqucpgickhtm, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 56. - Fmhkftgr ighoukrg (6) pgrg kl ik`c`mr `k elujm, fmim kh lg Ecourg 56. 00 Ecourg 56 ‖ Chstglgfcöh `k lg vçlvulg rkoulg`mrg, eluxöiktrm y ighoukrg Ecourg 50 ‖ Chstglgfcöh hm fclch`rm (0) `g vçlvulg rkoulg`mrg (7), eluxöiktrm (4) k ighoukrgs (6) kh lg tmig`g `mdlk (;) Hmtg: - Vc `kfc`k utclczgr kl scstkig skrvmfmhtrmlg`m `k mxéokhm, utclczgrç Hkfksgrcm kl fgu`gléiktrm. GPKHFCÖH -- Ighkjgr kl fclch`rm pgrg quk hm`ksuerk pkrturdgfcmhks. ûk`k kxcstcr rcksomfmh sc klfuc`g`m ogs rçpc`gikhtk lg vçlvulg. 2.; - CHVPGLGFCÖH C HVPGLGFCÖH @KL VCVPKIG @K MRCIKPTÉG CHPKOTG@M (M^FCMHGL) Kl scstkig `k mxciktrég chtkorg`m kstã chstglg`m `k eçdrcfg, kl usugrcm sölm tckhk quk fmhkftgr kl fgdlk `kl skhsmr kh kl iöùlm `kl pghkl `k skhsmrks, fmim iukstrg lg Ecourg 5;. 0; Ecourg 5; ‖ Chstglgfcöh `kl skhsmr `k mxciktrég chtkorg`m Hmtg: Vc bgy hkfksc`g` `k kxtkh`kr lg lmhoctu` `kl fgdlk `kl skhsmr, lg Mlc`ke prmpmrfcmhg uh fgdlk `k kxtkhscöh `k lg mxciktrég `k pulsm. 2.5 - CHVPGLGFCÖH C HVPGLGFCÖH @KL HKD[LCZG@MT (M^FCMHGL) ^grg usgrlm, fmlmquk kl goug `kstclg`g kh kl `kpösctm (içxcim 6>> il), fmhkftk kl hkdulczg`mr kh kl gfmplg`mr sctug`m kh lg pgrtk supkrcmr y fmhkftgrlm g lg rk` m fclch`rm `k gcrk fmiprcic`m `cspmhcdlk. Chik`cgtgikhtk quk kl hkdulczg`mr prmùfcmh `k uhg hckdlg `k pkquk÷gs pgrtéfulgs `k goug. Ecourg 55- Hkdulczg`mr gfmplg`m kh lg fúpulg 2.? - CHVPGLGFCÖH @KL FGTTM IGFG KH UKÉF[LM (M^FCMHGL) - Fmlmfgr lg fgig kh kl vkbéfulm kh kl luogr `k lg chstglgfcöh. Mdskrvgr sc lg fgig hm tckhk mdstrufcöh kh lg khtrg`g y sglc`g bgfcg y `ks`k kl vkbéfulm. Ecourg 5? ‖ Fgrrm igfg i gfg kh lg gidulghfcg - Chskrtk kl sglckhtk kh kl kjk `k lg lctkrg `k gcrk pgrg igrfgr kl eurgfcöh. - Gjustgr lgs pgrg`gs kh lg ouég g uhg `cstghfcg iéhcig `k 2> ii khtrk kl tmpk y lg ouég 52 fmim sk iukstrg. 05 Ecourg 52 ‖ @cstghfcg `k lgs trgdgs Ecourg 53 ‖ Ucstg lgtkrgl - Gskourk kl pcsm `k lg gidulghfcg lms tmrhcllms quk sujktgh lgs pgrg`gs y lg ouég. GPKHFCÖH - Fmiprukdk lg udcfgfcöh `k lms goujkrms pgrg kvctgr `g÷gr lg gidulghfcg. - ^grg chstglgr lg trgdg `k dlmqukm mtrg vkz gvghzgr kh kl fmfbk fgicllg quk sk `ktuvckrg, y lukom kipujgr lg tmrtuog Kl trgdgjm smdrk kl kjk `k trgffcöh quk sk khfukhtrg kh lg pgrtk chekrcmr `k lg fgig`g (ecourg ?7) pgrg igrfgr lg `cstghfcg kxgftg khtrk kl trgdgjm y lg trgdg sk `ktckhk. @kspuãs `k fmiprmdgr lg eurgfcöh gskourgr kl trgdgjm ekrrmvcgrcm kh kl pcsm `k lg gidulghfcg. Ecourg ?> ‖ Ucstg lgtkrgl Ecourg ?7 ‖ Lmfglczgfcöh `m pchm rky GPKHFCÖH - Ghtks `k tglg`rgr kl suklm gskourgrsk `k quk kstk lcdrk `k gdgjm pgrg fmhtchugr Mpkrgfcöh, kvctgh`m `g÷ms kh kl vkbéfulm. - @kspuãs `k kstgr g lg tmrtuog trgdgjm, ks hkfksgrcm rkglczgr kl gjustk. Kstgdlkfkr lgs pmscfcmhks `kskg`gs imvckh`m lg tmrtuog kjkfutg fmim sk ch`cfg pmr lgs elkfbgs gdgjm, suecfckhtk pgrg llkogr g lg dgsurg trgdgikhtm oucgr y pgsg`mr `k grkhg quk smstckhk lg tmrtuog trgdgjm.- Kl tmrhcllm `kdk gprktgrsk fmh uh pgr 76H.i fmh uhg llgvk `k tmrscöh fglcdrg`g fmh uhg llgvk hº 7?. 0? Ecourg ?4 ‖ Prgdg tmrtuog - ^grg gjustgr kl tmpk `k khoghfbk `kl prcikr imhtgjk `k `kjgr `k pmhkr `ms tukrfgs y pkrhms. Uuklvg g khfbuegr lms goujkrms kh kl pcsm, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg ?6. Ecourg ?6 ‖ Pukrfgs y tmrhcllms t mrhcllms - Ecjk lms dgtckhtks y kl ouég kh lm pcsm, fmhemrik ecourg ?0. Ecourg ?0 ‖ Ecjgfcöh `kl pcsm - Bgog kl gjustk `k lg glturg `k echglczgfcöh pulsgh`m lgs tukrfgs `k lms tmrhcllms fkhtrglks. Gskourk lg tukrfg pgrg ightkhkr kl gjustk, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg ?;. Ecourg ?; ‖ Tkolgjk `kl dgtckhtk 02 - ^grg rkoulgr lg tmrtuog `k dlmqukm, rkoulg lg glturg `kl pcvmtk fmim lg tmrtuog `k trgdgjm. Gelmjgr lg tukrfg `ks`k kl fkhtrm (4) y kstgdlkfkr lg tukrfg supkrcmr (7) `k gfukr`m fmh lg glturg `kskg`g, fmim kh lg Ecourg ?5. Ecourg ?5 ‖ Tkolgjk `k lg glturg `kl pchm rky - ^grg lg rkoulgfcöh `kl kjk gãrkm, ks cipmrtghtk quk lgs ruk`gs `kl kjk `k gcrk `kdkh kstgr kh kl hcvkl `kl suklm `k lg gidulghfcg. Ghtks `k fmikhzgr g chstglgr kl fmfbk fgicllg fmiprukdgh lg ik`c`g `ks`k kl suklm bgstg kl pcsm `k lg gidulghfcg ks kl icsim quk kl suklm `k lg ruk`g `kl fmfbk fgicllg kjk `k gcrk, fmim lg ecourg ??. Ecourg ?? ‖ @cstghfcg smlm bgstg lg ruk`g `kl kjk gãrkm `kl fgrrm igfg - ^grg gjustgr, rktcrk lms tmrhcllms `k kjk, Ecourg ?2. - Tkoulg lg glturg `kl kjk fmim kl hcvkl `k pcsm `k lg gidulghfcg gl klkocr uhg `k trks glturgs `kechc`gs y gprcktk lms tmrhcllms `k hukvm. Ecourg ?2 ‖ Tkolgjk `k lg glturg `k lgs ruk`gs GPKHFCÖH - Ightkhkr lgs ruk`gs supkrcmrks sckiprk g rgs `k suklm gidulghfcg. - ^grg chtkrprktgr kl fmfbk fgicllg, tcrgr `kl fgrrm fgicllg kh kl pgrgfbmquks `k lg gidulghfcg. Gskoúrksk `k quk lgs ruk`gs `kl kjk `k gcrk kstçh kh kl suklm `kl vkbéfulm, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg ?3. 03 Ecourg ?3 ‖ Fmlmfgh`m kl fgrrm igfg kh lg gidulghfcg GPKHFCÖH - Hm gffcmhk kl gsc`krm `k rktrgffcöh ùrghtk kl trghspmrtk `k lms pgfckhtks. Lg pckrhg rktrgffcöh sölm `kdk skr utclczg`m pgrg pmhkr lg fgicllg kh kl fmfbk gidulghfcg. - Pcrk `kl gsc`krm `k rktrgffcöh (G) y kipujgr kl fmfbk fgicllg kh kl vkbéfulm, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 2>. - Vkourc`g` kh kl Prgdgjm sk lcdkrg fugh`m sk gftcvg lg pglghfg `k rktrgffcöh. Ecourg 2> ‖ Lmfglczgfcöh `k lg glïg `k rktrgffcöh ^grg rktcrgr kl fgrrm igfg `m vkbéfulm: 7. Vukltk kl pgsg`mr `k dlmqukm. 4. @kslcfk kl fmfbk fgicllg eukrg `kl vkbéfulm 6. Ghtks `k rktcrgr pmr fmiplktm kl fmfbk lctkrg vkbéfulm (kjk gãrkm kh kl suklm) gskourgrsk `k quk kl grigfcöh lg pgrtk chekrcmr `k lg kstrufturg (rm`cllgs) sk prmùjkrmh. 0. Klcichgr fmiplktgikhtk kl vkbéfulm fgicllg y prmfk`kr fmh kl trghspmrtk. 2.2 - CHVPGLGFCÖH C HVPGLGFCÖH @KL VKHVMT PKI^KTGP[TG G[RCLCGT (M^FCMHGL) - Fmhkftgr kl khfbuek `kl skhsmr guxclcgr kh kl iöùlm `k skhsmrks, quk sk khfukhtrg kh kl fmipgrtcickhtm `k TH, fmim kh lg Ecourg 27. Mds.: Mpfcmhgl `cspmhcdlk sölm kh lg vkrscöh fmh fmhtrml `k skrvm `k mxéokhm. ;> Ecourg 27 ‖ Chstglgh`m m skhsmr guxclcgr Ecourg 24 ‖ Vkhsmr TH guxclcgr Ecourg 26 ‖ Ksqukig `k lcogfcöh Vkhsmr TH guxclcgr - Ukrcecquk lg lkfturg kh lg pgrtk supkrcmr `kl `csplgy, fmhemrik ecourg 20. Ecourg 20- @csplgy orçecfm ‖ skhsmr guxclcgr 3 - TKLGPÖTCM @K CHVPGLGFCÖH Fg`g vkz quk sk bgfk lg chstglgfcöh `k lms kqucpms, kl skrvcfcm `kdk rkllkhgr kl chemrik kstçh`gr y khvcgrlm g lg eçdrcfg. Kstms `gtms smh kskhfcglks pgrg lg trgzgdclc`g` `k Ighutkhfcöh y ogrghtég `kl scstkig `k fglc`g`. G`kiçs `k lms `gtms `kl flckhtk y lms prmdlkigs tãfhcfms khfmhtrg`ms kh kl s chstglgfcöh, `kdkh skr chemrig`ms pmr kl prkskhtk chemrik lms `gtms `k c`khtcecfgfcöh `k Kqucpgickhtm. Kstms `gtms puk`kh mdtkhkrsk kh lg skrck `k lg chfudg`mrg `k lg ktcquktg, `k gfukr`m fmh fcergs `k 2; y 25: ;7 Ecourg 2; - Lmfglczgfcöh `k lg ktcquktg `k skrck - pgrtk trgskrg `k lg chfudg`mrg Ecourg 25 - Ktcquktg `k skrck 7> - KHFKH@CKH@M LG CHF[DG@MTG @K PTGHV^MTPK - IM@KLM T_P ^L[V [tclczgfcöh kh lg Tk`k Klãftrcfg - Fmhkftgr kl fgdlk `k glcikhtgfcöh `k lg chfudg`mrg `k trghsicscöh kh uhg tmig fmipgtcdlk fmh lg tkhscöh `k Glcikhtgfcöh kspkfcecfg`g kh Kqucpgickhtm. GPKHFCÖH - Lg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V tckhk VKLKFFCÖH gutmiçtcfm `k lg tkhscöh, kl Kqucpgickhtm puk`k skr Khfkh`c`m kh lg rk` 74>-46>U ~ y lg erkfukhfcg ;> / 5>Bz. - Hm fmhkftk kl T_P ^L[V chfudg`mrg sc kl bmspctgl hm bg tmig`m uhg gtkrrgickhtm ecgdlk. Gskoúrksk `k quk lg tkhscöh y lg fmrrckhtk `k lg rk` klãftrcfg `mh`k sk kstç Khfkh`c`m `k lg chfudg`mrg sk fmrrkspmh`kh fmh lgs kspkfcecfgfcmhks `k lg tgrjktg `k c`khtcecfgfcöh `kl ikfghcsim. • -- Fmhkftk llgvkMH okhkrgl, sctug`m kh kl pghkl `k khtrg`g `k fmrrckhtk chfudg`mrg. ûlsgr kl lg dmtöh sctug`m kh kl pghkl `k fmhtrml. ;4 • Fmhecourgfcöh Lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk T_P ^L[V tckhk fgrgftkréstcfgs quk lk pkrictk prmorgigr lg bmrg y lg ekfbg y kl rkocstrm `kl hmidrk `kl pgfckhtk. (^grg kstgdlkfkr lg bmrg y lg ekfbg vkr Étki- 77.4 - Ekfbg y Bmrg) (^grg kl rkocstrm `kl hmidrk `kl pgfckhtk vkg Étki- 77.6 - Tkocstrm `k ^gfckhtks ) 7>.7 - [PCLCZGFCÖH GCTK Kl im`m `k fmhtrml GCTKIM@M prmpmrfcmhg uh fmhtrml kstgdlk `k lg tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk kh kl fmipgrtcickhtm `kl rkfcãh hgfc`m g trgvãs `k lg rkscstkhfcg Fglkhtgickhtm `k gffcmhgickhtm gutmiçtcfm fmim lg tkipkrgturg `kskg`g kstgdlkfc`g pmr kl mpkrg`mr. Mpkrgfcöh kstk im`m, lg chfudg`mrg tckhk glgrigs y GCTK FGLCKHPK gcrk gfmh`cfcmhg`m, quk sckiprk sk gffcmhgh quk lg tkipkrgturg sk fmiprukdg g GCTK fmh uhg `cekrkhfcg glfgl`k kh 7,>F Tklgfcöh `k lg tkipkrgturg `kskg`g. Kl vglmr `kskg`m pgrg lg tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk puk`k skr prmorgig`m kh lg egjg `k 4> g 6?, kh chfrkikhtms `k >,7 ¾ F. Kl vglmr rkgl y kl vglmr `kskg`m sk imstrgrçh kh kl pghkl `k fmhtrml. Föim utclczgr kl im`m GCTK: Ukrcecfgr quk kl iöùlm skhsmr kstç fmhkftg`m. - Fmhkftgr lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk - im`klm T_P ^L[V. - Kl Kqucpgickhtm vckhk fmh kl puhtm `k gjustk ecjg`m kh lg eçdrcfg bgstg 60,;ºF. Fg`g vkz ks `ks khfkh`c`m Kqucpgickhtm, kl vglmr kstgdlkfc`m pgrg rkchcfcgr kl im`m `k Mpkrgfcöh GCTK, skrç khvcg`m `ks`k lg eçdrcfg. - ^grg gjustgr kl vglmr `kskg`m pgrg lg tkipkrgturg `k lg GCTK, pulsk lg pghtgllg kl fgipm `k rkfursms buighms, m pulsk kl GCTK rmtgtcvm y `ksplgzgrsk tm`ms lms fgipms pgrg GCTK k y prkscmhgrlm. - ^grg kstgdlkfkr uh vglmr, utclcfk lgs tkflgs vcrtuglks m KLKUGFCMH pgrçiktrms rkùffcöh m ocrk kl Dmtöh ocrgtmrcm pgrg kl vglmr `k tkipkrgturg `kskg`m pgrg lg GCTK `khtrm `kl fmipgrtcickhtm `kl rkfcãh hgfc`m. ^grg fmhecrigr, pulsk kl dmtöh Gpmrtks rmtgtmrcm m kspkrgr sch bgfkr içs gltkrgfcmhks. Ecourg 2? ‖ Vkt pmcht `k lg tkipkrgturg `kl GCTK Lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk T_P ^L[V pkrictk gl mpkrg`mr g tkipkrgturgs supkrcmrks g 6? ¾ F. prmorgigr ^grg fmhecourgr gltg (pmr khfcig khfci g `k 6? ¾ F): - ûlsk lg tkflg "8 6?" pgrg pkrictcr g uh puhtm `k gjustk khtrk 6?,7ºF g 63ºF, kl LK@ ch`cfgrç fmim sk iukstrg 22. ;6 Ecourg 22 ‖ LK@ ch`cfg`mr tkflg “86?ºF’ gfcmhg`g - ^grg kstgdlkfkr kl vglmr `kskg`m, pulsk lg pghtgllg kl fgipm `k rkfursms buighms, m pulsk kl k rmtgtcvm y `ksplgzgrsk tm`ms lms fgipms pgrg GCTK k y prkscmhgrlm. - ^grg kstgdlkfkr kl vglmr pmr khfcig `k 6? ¾ F, utclcfk lgs tkflgs `k euhfcöh `k pgrçiktrms KLKUGFCMH m ocrk kl Dmtöh ocrgtmrcm, gl cougl quk fmh lg prkhsg "8 6?" ks pmscdlk. ^grg fmhecrigr, pulsk kl dmtöh Gpmrtks rmtgtmrcm m gjustgr sch igymrks. Ecourg 23 ‖ Vkt pmcht `k lg tkipkrgturg `kl GCTK grrcdg `k 6?ºF Hmtgs: - @khtrm `kl fgipm GCTK, kl húikrm içs orgh`k (g lg `krkfbg) rkprkskhtg kl vglmr gftugl `k lkkr. Kl húikrm içs dgjm (g lg czquckr`g) ks kl vglmr prmorgig`m (puhtm `k gjustk). - Lg chfudg`mrg fmhtrmlgr gutmiçtcfgikhtk lg pmtkhfcg `k lg rkscstkhfcg Fglkhtgickhtm pgrg kstgdclczgr lg tkipkrgturg `k lg chfudg`mrg skoúh lg tkipkrgturg kstgdlkfc`m pmr kl usugrcm. - Kl fmhtchúg `krkfbg kl vglmr lké`m `k lg tkipkrgturg GCTK bgy uh dgr ch`cfgfcöh prmpmrfcmhgl gl hcvkl `k Fglkhtgickhtm, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 23. - Lg glgrig sk chbcdk lg tkipkrgturg dgjg ùrghtk 0> ichutms `kspuãs `k khtrgr kh kl im`m Mpkrgfcöh Kqucpgickhtm. Lg glgrig `kschbcdcrç gutmiçtcfgikhtk `kspuãs `k kstk tckipm. 7>.4 - [PCLCZGFCÖH @KL IM@M TH Kh kl im`m `k TH, lg chfudg`mrg prmpmrfcmhg gl pgfckhtk kl fglkhtgickhtm hkfksgrcm pgrg kstgdclczgfcöh su tkipkrgturg fmrpmrgl g trgvãs `k lg mpkrgfcöh gutmiçtcfg rkscstkhfcg fglkhtgickhtm `k gfukr`m fmh kl vglmr kstgdlkfc`m pmr kl mpkrg`mr. Mpkrgfcöh kstk im`m, lg chfudg`mrg tckhk glgrigs `k bcpkrtkricg y lg bcpmtkricg, quk sckiprk smh imvc`ms quk lg tkipkrgturg kstç igrfg`g pmr lg TH fmh uhg `cekrkhfcg glfgl`k kh 7,> F Tklgfcöh `k lg tkipkrgturg `kskg`g. Kh kl im`m `k TH, lg chfudg`mrg prmpmrfcmhg gl pgfckhtk kl fglkhtgickhtm hkfksgrcm pgrg kstgdclczgfcöh su tkipkrgturg fmrpmrgl g trgvãs `k lg mpkrgfcöh gutmiçtcfg rkscstkhfcg fglkhtgickhtm `k gfukr`m fmh kl vglmr kstgdlkfc`m pmr kl mpkrg`mr. Mpkrgfcöh kstk im`m, lg chfudg`mrg bcpkrtkricg y lgkh bcpmtkricg, quk sckiprk smh imvc`ms quk lg tkipkrgturg kstç igrfg`g pmrtckhk lg THglgrigs fmh uhg`k`cekrkhfcg glfgl`k 7,> m F Tklgfcöh `k lg tkipkrgturg `kskg`g. - Fmlmfgr kl skhsmr `k lg pckl kh lg rkocöh gd`michgl `kl pgfckhtk y gskourgr quk kl usm `k uh g`bkscvm bcpmglkroãhcfm, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 3>. ;0 G. D. F. G. G`bkscvm pgrg kl skhsmr `k tkipkrgturg D. Vkhsmr `k TH ^ckl TH Ecourg 3> ‖ Ksqukig pgrg ecjgfcöh `m skhsmr `k TH - Khfckh`g lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk - im`klm T_P ^L[V. - ^grg gjustgr kl vglmr `kskg`m pgrg lg tkipkrgturg `kl TH, pulsk lg pghtgllg kl fgipm TH, m pulsk kl k rmtgtcvm y `ksplgzgrsk tm`ms lms fgipms pgrg mdtkhkr k y prkscmhgrlm. - Kl Kqucpgickhtm vckhk fmh kl puhtm `k gjustk ecjg`m kh lg eçdrcfg bgstg 65,>ºF. Fg`g vkz ks `kskhfkh`c`m Kqucpgickhtm, kl vglmr kstgdlkfc`m pgrg rkchcfcgr kl im`m `k Mpkrgfcöh TH, skrç khvcg`m `ks`k lg eçdrcfg. - ^grg kstgdlkfkr uh vglmr, utclcfk lgs tkflgs `k euhfcöh `k Klkvgfcöh m pgrçiktrms rkùffcöh m ocrk kl Dmtöh ocrgtmrcm pgrg kl vglmr `kskg`m `k lg tkipkrgturg `kl TH `kl rkfcãh hgfc`m. ^grg fmhecrigr, pulsk kl dmtöh Gpmrtks rmtgtmrcm m kspkrgr sch bgfkr içs gltkrgfcmhks. Ecourg 37 ‖ Vkt pmcht `k lg tkipkrgturg `kl TH Lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk T_P ^L[V pkrictk gl mpkrg`mr g tkipkrgturgs supkrcmrks g 6? ¾ F. prmorgigr ^grg fmhecourgr gltg (pmr khfcig khfci g `k 6? ¾ F): -34. ûlsk lg tkflg "8 6?" pgrg pkrictcr g uh puhtm `k gjustk khtrk 6?,7ºF g 62ºF, kl LK@ ch`cfgrç fmim sk iukstrg Ecourg 34 ‖ LK@ ch`cfg`mr tkflg “86?ºF’ gffcmhg`g - ^grg kstgdlkfkr kl vglmr `kskg`m, pulsk kl fgipm TH `k lg pghtgllg m pulsk kl dmtöh Gpmrtks rmtgtcvm y `ksplgzgrsk tm`ms lms fgipms pgrg mdtkhkr TH y prkscmhgrlm. ;; ;; - ^grg kstgdlkfkr kl vglmr pmr khfcig `k 6? ¾ F, utclcfk lgs tkflgs `k euhfcöh `k pgrçiktrms KLKUGFCMH m ocrk kl Dmtöh ocrgtmrcm, gl cougl quk fmh lg prkhsg "8 6?" ks pmscdlk. ^grg fmhecrigr, pulsk kl dmtöh Gpmrtks rmtgtmrcm m gjustgr sch igymrks gltkrgfcmhks. Ecourg 36 ‖ Vkt pmcht `k lg tkipkrgturg TH grrcdg `k 6?ºF Hmtgs: - @khtrm `kl fgipm `k TH, kl húikrm içs orgh`k (g lg `krkfbg) rkprkskhtg kl vglmr gftugl `k lkkr. Kl húikrm içs dgjm (g lg czquckr`g) ks kl vglmr prmorgig`m. - Lg chfudg`mrg fmhtrmlgrç gutmiçtcfgikhtk lg pmtkhfcg fglkhtgickhtm rkscstkhfcg g kstgdclczgr lg tkipkrgturg `k lg TH `k gfukr`m fmh lg tkipkrgturg ecjg`g pmr kl usugrcm. - Kl vglmr fmhtchúg `krkfbg pgrg lkkr lg tkipkrgturg `k lms rkfcãh hgfc`ms bgy uh dgr ch`cfgfcmh prmpmrfcmhgl gl hcvkl `k fglkhtgickhtm, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 36. - Kl pksm TH, k`g`, Fmh`cfcöh fléhcfg y mtrms egftmrks iktgdölcfms y gidckhtglks gekftgrçh kl tckipm rkqukrc`m pgrg lg tkipkrgturg Tklgfcöh tkipkrgturg kstgdclczgfcöh pgfckhtk prmorgig`m. - Lg glgrig sk chbcdk lg tkipkrgturg dgjg ùrghtk 0> ichutms `kspuãs `k khtrgr kh kl im`m Mpkrgfcöh Kqucpgickhtm. Lg glgrig `kschcdcrç gutmiçtcfgikhtk `kspuãs `k kstk tckipm. GPKHFCÖH - Kl skhsmr `k lg pckl huhfg `kdk skr usg`m pgrg fmhtrmlgr lg tkipkrgturg rkftgl pmrquk kl pgfckhtk pm`rég rkfcdcr chsuecfckhtk m kxfkscvg `k fglmr. - Lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk T_P ^L[V hm puk`k ik`cr m fmhtrmlgr lg tkipkrgturg `k lg pckl `kl pgfckhtk sc kl skhsmr `k TH hm kstç fmlmfg`m fmrrkftgikhtk kh kl pgfckhtk. Lg `ksfmhkxcöh m egllm kh kl fmhtgftm `crkftm `kl skhsmr fmh lg pckl `kl pgfckhtk `grég luogr g uhg lkfturg `k lg tkipkrgturg chfmrrkftg, k lg chfudg`mrg puk`kh hm hkfksctgr gjustgr kl pgfckhtk fglkhtgickhtm. - [tclcfk úhcfgikhtk skhsmrks `k tkipkrgturg prmpmrfcmhg`ms pmr Mlc`ke m sus rkprkskhtghtks gutmrczg`ms. Lg utclczgfcöh `k `cekrkhtks skhsmrks kspkfcecfg`ms puk`k prmvmfgr krrmrks kh lg lkfturg `k lg tkipkrgturg k pmr lm tghtm lms pgfckhtks Tcksoms. 7>.6 - FMHPTML @K B[IK@G@ Lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk T_P ^L[V pm`rç gìchcstrgr lg buik`g` `k `ms ighkrgs `cekrkhtks kh lm fmipgrtcikhtm `kl TH. Buik`g` rklgtcvg `kl gcrk pgscvg • • Vkrvm fmhtrml `k buik`g` rklgtcvg `kl gcrk • Buik`g` Tklgtcvg `kl Gcrk ^gscvg 7. ^grg `ksdlmqukgr y gdrcr lg pukrtg `k gffksm ermhtgl y lgtkrgl 4. Pcrk `kl lkfbm `k lg fúpulg gl echgl `k su fursm 6. kspmhjg búik`g "G" (Ecourg 30) sctug`m ddgjm gjm kl lkfbm fmlfböh vkrtkr lkhtgikhtk 0;> il ``kk goug `kstclg`g m kstãrcl g trgvãs `k uhg tgzg `k `mscecfgfcöh. Kstg fghtc`g` `k goug ks suecfckhtk pgrg uh tckipm igymr `k 74 bmrgs `k usm 0. Uuklvg g fmlmfgr kl lkfbm g lgs pmscfcmhks mrcochglks y pukrtgs `k gffksm fkrfghms ;5 Ecourg 30 ‖ Lmfglczgfcöh `g kspuig `k buic`cecfgfcöh GPKHFCÖH - Kl hcvkl `k Buik`g` rklgtcvg `khtrm `k lg chfudg`mrg `kpkh`k Buik`g` rklgtcvg `kl gcrk gidckhtk. - Fugh`m lg tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk `khtrm `k lg chfudg`mrg ks rklgtcvgikhtk glfgl`k `k lg tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk kxtkrcmr uhg puk`k emrigr fmh`khsgfcöh kh lgs pgrk`ks chtkrhgs `k lg fúpulg. Fugh`m lg `cekrkhfcg khtrk lgs tkipkrgturgs ks içs dgjm, hm gpgrkfkrç lg fmh`khsgfcöh. Vkrvm Fmhtrml `k Buik`g` Tklgtcvg `kl Gcrk (Iöùlm Mpfcmhgl) Kh kl im`m skrvm-fmhtrmlg`m, lg chfudg`mrg prmpmrfcmhg uh fmhtrml kstgdlk `k lg Buik`g` `kl gcrk kh lg fçigrg `k rkfcãh hgfc`m, g trgvãs `kl gffcmhgickhtm gutmiçtcfm `k lg pgstcllg pckzmklãftrcfg `k gfukr`m fmh kl vglmr kstgdlkfc`m pmr kl mpkrg`mr. Mpkrgfcöh kstk im`m, lg chfudg`mrg tckhk Glgrigs `k Buik`g` k Buik`g` GLPG DGJG, quk sckiprk sk chcfcgrç g quk Buik`g` rkocstrg`m kh lg dgbég kstç fmh uhg `cekrkhfcg glfgl`k quk kl 7;% `k lg Tklgfcöh Buik`g` `kskg`g. Kstk scstkig skrvm fmhtrmlg`m pkrictk quk kl mpkrg`mr chfudg`mrg pgrg fmhtrmlgr y gjustgr lg Buik`g` rklgtcvg `kl gcrk `khtrm `kl fmipgrtcikhtm `kl dkdã. Kl vglmr `kskg`m pgrg lg Buik`g` rklgtcvg `kl gcrk puk`k skr prmorgig`m `khtrm `k lg egjg 4>-3;% kh chfrkikhtms `kl 7%. Kl vglmr rkgl y kl vglmr `kskg`m `k Buik`g` rklgtcvg `kl gcrk sk ch`cfgrçh kh kl pghkl `k fmhtrml. • Gdgstkfckh`m kl rkskrvgtmrcm `k goug: 7- @ksdlmqukk kl fgjöh `k goug tcrgh`m `kl pkstcllm (G) bgfcg `klghtk, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 3;. Ecourg 3; - Lmfglczgfcöh `k lg trgdg `k lg ogvktg `k goug ;? 4- Tktcrk fmh fuc`g`m y rktcrgr lg tgpg `kl tghquk. 6- Tkllkhk m sustctucr kl `kpösctm `k goug bgstg kl hcvkl ch`cfg`m quk kh lg ecourg 35. Ecourg 35 ‖ Gdgstkfcickhtm `kl rkskrvgtmrcm `k goug Hmtg: - Fgpgfc`g` içxcig `kl rkskrvgtmrcm ã `k 7L. GPKHFCÖH - [sk smlgikhtk goug `kstclg`g m `k cmhczg`g. 0- Uuklvg g fmlmfgr llgg tgpg `kl `kpösctm. ;- Chtrmùzfg lg dgh`kjg kh su pmscfcöh mmrcochgl rcochgl pgrg `grsk fukhtg `k quk ks gtrgpg`m kh lgs pmscfcmhks fmrrkftgs. ^rmorgigh`m lg buik`g` rklgtcvg `kl gcrk `khtrm `k lg fúpulg: - - ^grg gjustgr kl vglmr `kskg`m pgrg Buik`g` rklgtcvg, pulsk kh kl fgipm `k lg VT pghtgllg m pulsk kl dmtöh Gpmrtks rmtgtcvm y `ksplgzgrsk tm`ms lms fgipms pgrg mdtkhkr TB y prkscmhgrlm. - ^grg kstgdlkfkr uh vglmr, utclcfk lgs tkflgs vcrtuglks m KLKUGFCMH pgrçiktrms rkùffcöh m ocrk kl Dmtöh ocrgtmrcm pgrg kl vglmr rklgtcvm `kskg`m `k Buik`g` `kl gcrk kh kl chtkrcmr `k lg fçigrg `k rkfcãh hgfc`m. ^grg fmhecrigr, pulsk kl dmtöh Gpmrtks rmtgtmrcm m kspkrgr sch bgfkr içs gltkrgfcmhks. - @kspuãs `k tkrichgr lg prmorgigfcöh `kl skrvm scstkig `k buic`cecfgfcöh fmhtrmlg`g lg chfudg`mrg T_P ^L[V fmikhzgrç kl prmfksm bgstg quk lg Buik`g` rklgtcvg glfghzg kl vglmr prk`ktkrichg`m pmr kl mpkrg`mr, ightkhckh`m lg scouckhtk Buik`g` kl vglmr prmorgig`m. Ecourg 3? - @csplgy orçecfm- fmhtrml `k buik`g` Hmtgs: - @khtrm `kl(gfgipm GCTK, kl orgh`k (g lg `krkfbg) rkprkskhtg kl vglmr gftugl `k lkkr. Kl húikrm içs dgjm lg czquckr`g) kshúikrm kl vglmr içs prmorgig`m. ;2 - - Lg utclcz utclczgfcöh gfcöh `kl scstkig `k skrvm buic`cecfgfcöh fmhtrmlg`g ks mpfcmhgl. ^grg `ksgftcvgr kkll sc scstkig, stkig, kstgdlkfkr lg Buik`g` `kskg`g g uh vglmr pmr `kdgjm `kl vglmr lké`m. Lg pghtgllg fmhtchugrç pgrg ch`cfgr lg Buik`g` rklgtcvg `kl gcrk kh kl chtkrcmr `k lg fúpulg y kl vglmr `kskg`m kstç gpgog`m. @khtrm `kl fgipm GCTK, kl húikrm içs orgh`k (g lg `krkfbg) rkprkskhtg kl vglmr gftugl `k lkkr. Kl húikrm içs dgjm (g lg czquckr`g) ks kl vglmr prmorgig`m. - Lg utclczgfcöh `kl sc scstkig stkig `k skrvm bu buic`cecfgfcöh ic`cecfgfcöh fmhtrmlg`g ks mpfcmhgl. ^grg `ksgftcvgr kl sc scstkig, stkig, kstgdlkfkr lg Buik`g` `kskg`g g uh vglmr pmr `kdgjm `kl vglmr lké`m. Lg pghtgllg fmhtchugrç pgrg ch`cfgr lg Buik`g` rklgtcvg `kl gcrk kh kl chtkrcmr `k lg fúpulg y kl vglmr `kskg`m kstç gpgog`m. GPKHFCÖH - Vckiprk quk sk `ksgftcvg kl scstkig `k Buik`g` skrvm-fmhtrmlg`m, klcichgr tm`m kl `kpösctm `kl goug g trgvãs `kl `rkhgjk. 7>.6 - FMHPTML @K MRÉOKHM Lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk T_P ^L[V puk`k gìchcstrgr mxéokhm `k trks ighkrgs `cekrkhtks, pkrm skrç lcdkrg`m `k lg eçdrcfg sölm 4 ighkrgs. • vçlvulg `k mxéokhm lcictghtk (khtrg`g lcictg`g g 2 lpi) • vçlvulg `k mxéokhm pgscvg (khtrg`g lcictg`g g 64Lpi) • mxéokhm `k fmhtrml skrvm (mpfcmhgl - lcictgh lg khtrg`g g 64Lpi). Hmtg: Lg vçlvulg lcictg`mrg `k mxéokhm y lg vçlvulg `k mxéokhm pgscvg smh klkikhtms Léhkg sc kl flckhtk klcok kl scstkig `k skrvm fmhtrml `k mxéokhm Fmipmscfcöh `kl Kqucpgickhtm skrç kl scouckhtk: - Uçlvulg `k mxéokhm lcictg`mrg1 - Vkrvm fmhtrml `k mxéokhm. GPKHFCÖH -Lkg y fmiprkh`g lgs chstruffcmhks fmhtkhc`gs kh kl puhtm 6 - G`vkrtkhfcg y / m prkfgufcmhks quk sk g`mptkh kh kstk ighugl. -Kl Gcrk kh lg fgdchg `kl rkfcãh hgfc`m sölm sk bg khrcqukfc`m fmh mxéokhm dgjm prksfrcpfcöh iã`cfg.  - - Im`m `k Mpkrgfcöh Uçlvulg `k Mxéokhm Lcictg`mrg Khfckh`g lg chfudg`mrg y kspkrgr kstgdclczgfcöh `k lg tkipkrgturg chtkrhg. Vc llgg chfudg`mrg tckhk quk okstcmhgr buic`cecfgfcöh g`kiçs `k Gplcfgfcöh `k mxéokhm, kspkrgr g quk lg Buik`g` sk kstgdclczg kl gcrk `khtrm `k lg fgjg. G trgvãs `k uhg ighoukrg trkhzg`g `k hylmh ^rkscöh 4;> ^VC hm töxcfm, fmhkftgr lg rk` fgu`gléiktrm sglc`g `kl bmspctgl m `kl fclch`rm mxéokhm `k lg Chfudg`mrg pkzöh mxéokhm vçlvulg `k khtrg`g, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 32. Ecourg 32 ‖ Lcogfcöh pgrg mpkrgfcöh vçlvulg `k mxéokhm lcictg`mrg - Chstglgr uuhh imhctmr `k mxéokhm, kl skhsmr fmlmfg`m fkrfg `kl fkhtrm `kl fmipgrtcickhtm `kl rkfcãh hgfc`m. ;3 Chcfcgr kl mxéokhm sölm `kspuãs `k khfkh`kr lg chfudg`mrg pgrg gskourgr lg ikzflg g`kfug`g `k ogsks `kl chtkrcmr `k lg fúpulg. @ktkrichgr kl Elujm `k mxéokhm chcfcgl dgsg`m kh lg tgdlg sctug`g khfcig `k lg tgpg ecltrm `k gcrk kh lg pgrtk pmstkrcmr `k lg chfudg`mrg. Kstg tgdlg iukstrg lms vglmrks gprmxcig`ms `k Elujm `k mxéokhm hkfksgrcm pgrg ightkhkr lg Fmhfkhtrgfcöh `kskg`g. Lg Fmhfkhtrgfcöh mdtkhc`m puk`k vgrcgr `kpkh`ckh`m `k lg Buik`g` rklgtcvg `kl gcrk `khtrm `kl fmipgrtcickhtm, lg fmh`cfcöh `kl ecltrm `k gcrk, lg fúpulg `k vk`gfcmhks, kl húikrm y lg erkfukhfcg `k gpkrturg `k pmrtcllms. Kspkrk 7; ichutms y fmiprmdgr lg Fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k mxéokhm `khtrm `k lg chfudg`mrg ch`cfg`g pmr kl imhctmr `k M4 sch hkfksc`g` `k gdrcr lg fuidrk. Vc ks hkfksgrcm, gjustgr kl Elujm `k mxéokhm g trgvãs `k lg rk` fgu`gléiktrm m fclch`rms. Tkpctg lg lkfturg `k M4 fg`g 7; ichutms fmhfkhtrgfcöh. Hmtg: - Elujms `k mxéokhm `k içs `k 7; lctrms pmr ichutm prmùfcrçh fmhfkhtrgfcmhks `k mxéokhm pmr khfcig `k lms vglmrks ch`cfg`ms kh lg tgdlg. - Elujm `k Khtrg`g (L/ich) > 4 0 5 2 7> 74 7; Fmhfkhtrgfcöh M4 (%) 47 45 ‖ 65 00 ‖ ;0 02 ‖ ;2 5; ‖ ?; 55 ‖ ?5 ?; ‖ 2; 2> - 3> GPKHFCÖH - Lg tkrgpcg `k mxéokhm puk`k klkvgr kl hcvkl `k ruc`m pgrg kl dkdã `khtrm `k lg chfudg`mrg. - Kl mxéokhm Elujm `k hm sk puk`k utclczgr fmim uhg ik`c`g kxgftg `k mxéokhm `k Fmhfkhtrgfcöh `khtrm `k lg chfudg`mrg, mxéokhm `k fmhfkhtrgfcmhks `kdk ik`crsk fmh uh ghglczg`mr `k fglcdrg`m.suplkikhtgrcm puk`k kstgr gsmfcg`m fmh kekftms skfuh`grcms -mxéokhm Kl usm g`kfug`gikhtk chg`kfug`m `k mxéokhm orgvks, fmim fkoukrg, `ghcecfgfcöh `k lgs fãlulgs fkrkdrglks k lg iukrtk. Kl Tcksom `k Gfukr`m vgrég fmh fg`g pgfckhtk. Kl iãtm`m y lg fmhfkhtrgtcmh @urgfcöh `k lg GìchcstrgfcÆ¶h mxéokhm `kdkh skr rkfktg`ms pmr uh gscstkhtk iã`cfm fuglcecfg`m fmh fmhmfcickhtms `k: rcksoms y dkhkecfcms. - Vc ustk` hkfksctg pgrg gìchcstrgr mxéokhm kh fgsm `k kikrokhfcg, kl gscstkhtk iã`cfm `kdk skr hmtcecfg`m chik`cgtgikhtk. - Lg Gìchcstrgfcöh `k mxéokhm `kdk skr rkglczg`m úhcfgikhtk fmh mrckhtgtcmh `k pkrsmhgl iã`cfm fglcecfg`m. - Lg Fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k mxéokhm `cdujg`m pmr uh hc÷m hm `ktkrichg prkvcgikhtk kl mxéokhm grtkrcgl pgrfcgl `k tkhscöh. - Gl gdrcr lg pukrtg `k gffksm puk`k prmvmfgr uh `ksfkhsm `k Fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k mxéokhm. ^grg tmigr uhg hukvg Ik`cfcöh kspkrgr uh tckipm pgrg quk lg fmhfkhtrgtcmh `k rkstgurgfcöh. - Hm utclcfk mxéokhm kh prkskhfcg `k ghkstãscfms chelgigdlks. - Ightkhog fuglquckr eukhtk `k cohcfcöh (pmr kjkiplm, lms pgrtc`ms, lms fcogrrcllms, Kqucpgickhtms prmùftmr `k fbcspg, ktf.) lkjms `k lg bgdctgfcöh kh lg quk lg chfudg`mrg kstç euhfcmhgh`m. Pklgs, gfkctk u mtrm cohcfcöh `kl fmidustcdlk khtrgh eçfclikhtk fugh`m kl gcrk khrcqukfc`m fmh mxéokhm sk.  - - Im`m `k Mpkrgfcöh `k lg Uçlvulg Uçl vulg `k Mxéokhm ^gscvg. Khfckh`g lg chfudg`mrg y kspkrgr kstgdclczgfcöh `k lg tkipkrgturg chtkrhg. Vc llgg chfudg`mrg tckhk quk okstcmhgr buic`cecfgfcöh g`kiçs `k Gplcfgfcöh `k mxéokhm, kspkrgr g quk lg Buik`g` sk kstgdclczg kl gcrk `khtrm `k lg fgjg. G trgvãs `k uhg ighoukrg trkhzg`g ^rkscöh hylmh 4;> ^VC hm töxcfm, sglc`g sk fmhkftgh g lg rk` `k iktrm `k elujm u bmspctgl fclch`rm `k mxéokhm `k lg Chfudg`mrg pkzöh mxéokhm vçlvulg `k khtrg`g `kl vkbéfulm, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 33. 5> Ecourg 33 ‖ Lcogfcöh pgrg mpkrgfcöh `g vçlvulg `k mxéokhm pgscvg Chstglgr uuhh imhctmr `k mxéokhm, kl skhsmr fmlmfg`m fkrfg `kl fkhtrm `kl fmipgrtcickhtm `kl rkfcãh hgfc`m. Chcfcgr prmpmrfcmhgr mxéokhm sölm `kspuãs `k khfkh`kr lg chfudg`mrg pgrg gskourgr lg ikzflg g`kfug`g `k ogsks `kl chtkrcmr `k lg fúpulg. @ktkrichgr kl Elujm `k mxéokhm chcfcgl dgsg`m kh lg tgdlg sctug`g khfcig `k lg tgpg ecltrm `k gcrk kh lg pgrtk pmstkrcmr `k lg chfudg`mrg. Kstg tgdlg iukstrg lms vglmrks gprmxcig`ms `k Elujm `k mxéokhm hkfksgrcm pgrg ightkhkr lg Fmhfkhtrgfcöh `kskg`g. Lg Fmhfkhtrgfcöh mdtkhc`m puk`k vgrcgr `k Buik`g` `kl gcrk `khtrm `k lg fmh`cfcöh `k lg fgrfgsg `kl ecltrm `k gcrk, lg fúpulg `k vk`gfcmhks, kl húikrm y lg erkfukhfcg `k gpkrturg `k pmrtcllms. Kspkrk 7; ichutms y fmiprmdgr lg Fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k mxéokhm `khtrm `k lg chfudg`mrg ch`cfg`g pmr kl imhctmr `k M4 sch hkfksc`g` `k gdrcr lg fuidrk. Vc ks hkfksgrcm, gjustgr kl Elujm `k mxéokhm g trgvãs `k lg rk` fgu`gléiktrm m fclch`rms. Tkpctg lg lkfturg `k M4 fg`g 7; ichutms fmhfkhtrgfcöh. Hmtg: - Elujms `k mxéokhm gfcig `k 7; lctrms pmr ichutm cræm prmùzcr fmhfkhtrgfcmhks `k mxéokhm gfcig `ms vglmrks ch`cfg`ms hg tgdklg. - - Elujm `k Khtrg`g (L/ich) > 4 0 5 2 7> 74 7; Fmhfkhtrgfcöh M4 (%) 47 45 ‖ 65 00 ‖ ;0 02 ‖ ;2 5; ‖ ?; 55 ‖ ?5 ?; ‖ 2; 2> - 3> GPKHFCÖH -`kLglggìchcstrgfcöh chfudg`mrg. `k mxéokhm puk`k bgfkr quk kl hcvkl `k ruc`m gl rkfcãh hgfc`m kh kl chtkrcmr - Kl mxéokhm Elujm `k hm sk puk`k utclczgr fmim uhg ik`c`g kxgftg `k mxéokhm `k fmhfkhtrgfcöh `khtrm `k lg chfudg`mrg, mxéokhm `k fmhfkhtrgfcmhks `kdk ik`crsk fmh uh ghglczg`mr `k mxéokhm g`kfug`gikhtk fglcdrg`m. - Kl usm chg`kfug`m `k mxéokhm suplkikhtgrcm puk`k kstgr gsmfcg`m fmh kekftms skfuh`grcms orgvks, fmim fkoukrg, `ghcecfgfcöh `k lgs fãlulgs fkrkdrglks k lg iukrtk. Kl Tcksom `k Gfukr`m vgrég fmh fg`g pgfckhtk. Kl iãtm`m, lg fmhfkhtrgfcöh k @urgfcöh `k lg Gìchcstrgfcöh `k mxéokhm `kdk skr prksfrctm pmr uh gscstkhtk iã`cfm fuglcecfg`m fmh fmhmfcickhtms `k: rcksoms y dkhkecfcms. - Vc tckhk quk gìchcstrgr mxéokhm kh fgsm `k kikrokhfcg, kl gscstkhtk iã`cfm `kdk skr hmtcecfg`m chik`cgtgikhtk. - Lg Gìchcstrgfcöh `k mxéokhm `kdk bgfkrsk sölm dgjm mrckhtgtcmh `k pkrsmhgl iã`cfm fglcecfg`m. - Lg fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k mxéokhm `cdujg`m pmr uh hc÷m hm `ktkrichg prkvcgikhtk kl mxéokhm grtkrcgl pgrfcgl `k tkhscöh. - Gl gdrcr pukrtgIk`cfcöh `k gffksm puk`k uh `ksfkhsm `k fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k mxéokhm. ^grg tmigr uhglghukvg kspkrgr uhprmvmfgr tckipm pgrg quk lg fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k rkstgurgfcöh. - Hm utclcfk mxéokhm kh prkskhfcg `k ghkstãscfms chelgigdlks. - Ightkhog fuglquckr eukhtk `k cohcfcöh (pmr kjkiplm, lms pgrtc`ms, lms fcogrrcllms, Kqucpgickhtms prmùftmr `k fbcspg, ktf.) lkjms `k lg bgdctgfcöh kh lg quk lg chfudg`mrg kstç euhfcmhgh`m. 57 Pklgs, gfkctk u mtrm cohcfcöh `kl fmidustcdlk khtrgh eçfclikhtk fugh`m kl gcrk khrcqukfc`m fmh mxéokhm sk.  Vkrvm Fmhtrml `k Mxéokhm (Iöùlm Mpfcmhgl) Kh kl im`m `k fmhtrml skrvm, lg chfudg`mrg prmpmrfcmhg uh fmhtrml kstgdlk `k mxéokhm kh lg fçigrg `k rkfcãh hgfc`m pmr gffcmhgickhtm `k lg vçlvulg `k smlkhmc`k gutmiçtcfm `k gfukr`m fmh kl vglmr kstgdlkfc`m pmr kl mpkrg`mr. Mpkrgfcöh kstk im`m, lg chfudg`mrg tckhk Glgrigs HCUKL GLPM M4 y M4 dgjm hcvkl, quk sckiprk sk chcfcgrç g quk mxéokhm sk rkocströ kh kl fmipgrtcikhtm quk`k fmh uhg `cekrkhfcg glfgl`k quk kl 6% `kl mxéokhm Tklgfcöh `kskg`g. - - Kl `kskg`m`kpgrg kh vglmr chfrkikhtms 7%. lg fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k mxéokhm puk`k skr prmorgig`m `khtrm `k lg egjg, `k 47 g 5;%, Kl vglmr rkgl y kl vglmr `k `kskg`m skg`m `k mxéokhm `k fmhfkhtrgfcöh sk ch`cfgrçh kh `csplgy.Fmim utcl utclczgr czgr mxéokhm im`m: Fmhkftgr lg chfudg`mrg y kspkrgr kstgdclczgfcöh `k lg tkipkrgturg chtkrhg. Vc llgg chfudg`mrg tckhk quk okstcmhgr buic`cecfgfcöh g`kiçs `k Gplcfgfcöh `k mxéokhm, kspkrgr g quk lg Buik`g` sk kstgdclczg kl gcrk `khtrm `k lg fgjg. G trgvãs `k uhg ighoukrg trkhzg`g `k hylmh ^rkscöh 4;> ^VC hm töxcfg, fmhkftk lg sglc`g kh kl vkbéfulm m fclch`rm `k mxéokhm `kl bmspctgl lg Chfudg`mrg pkzöh mxéokhm rk` vçlvulg `k khtrg`g, fmim lg ecourg 7>>. Ecourg 7>> ‖ Lcogfcöh p/ mpkrgfcöh skrvm fmhtrml `k mxéokhm - ^grg fglcdrgr lms skh skhsmrks smrks `k mxéokhm, fmim puhtm "Fg "Fglcdrgfcöh lcdrgfcöh `k lms skhsmrks `k mxéo mxéokhm" khm" kh lg pçochg 56. - ^grg gjustgr tm`ms kl vglmr pgrg mdtkhkr kl mxéokhm, pulsk lg pghtgllg kl fgipm `k M4, m pulsk kl k rmtgtcvm y `ksplgzgrsk lms`kskg`m fgipms pgrg k y prkscmhgrlm. ^grg kstgdlkfkr uh vglmr, utclcfk lgs tkflgs vcrtuglks m KLKU KLKUGFCMH GFCMH pgrçiktrms rkùfcöh m ocrk kl Dmtöh ocrgtmrcm pgrg mxéokhm vglmr `kskg`m pgrg kl gcrk kh kl chtkrcmr `k lg fçigrg `k rkfcãh hgfc`m. ^grg fmhecrigr, pulsk kl dmtöh Gpmrtks rmtgtmrcm m kspkrgr sch bgfkr içs gltkrgfcmhks. [hg vkz echglczg`g lg prmorgigfcöh `kl scstkig `k mxéokhm T_P skrvm-fmhtrmlg`m PGT ^ ^L[V L[V sk cchcfcgrç hcfcgrç kl prmfksm pgrg kl mxéokhm glfghzgr kl vglmr prk`ktkrichg`m pmr kl mpkrg`mr, ightkhckh`m mxéokhm fkrfg `kl vglmr prmorgig`m. - - 54 Ecourg 7>7 - @csplgy orçecfm scstkig `k fmhtrml `k mxéokhm Hmtgs: @khtrm `kl fgipm `k M4, kl húikrm igymr (lg fmhtchúg `krkfbg) rkprkskhtg kl vglmr gftugl `k lkkr. Kl húikrm içs dgjm (g lg czquckr`g) ks kl vglmr prmorgig`m. [tclczgfcmh `kl scstkig `k skrvm fmhtrmlg`m mxéokhm ks mpfcmhgl. ^grg `ksgftcvgr kl scstkig, kstgdlkfkr kl mxéokhm g uh vglmr pmr `kdgjm `kl vglmr lké`m. Lg pghtgllg fmhtchugrç imstrgh`m lg fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k mxéokhm `kl gcrk `khtrm `k lg fúpulg y kl vglmr `kskg`m skrçh klcichg`ms. - ^grg lg euhfcöh `k mxéokhm sc scstkig stkig `k skrvm fmhtrmlg`m rkglczgr fglcdrgfcöh `k lms skhsmrks `k mxéokhm fmh glfghfks `k bgstg 7> `égs m fg`g vkzg`kfug`gikhtk, quk lg chfudg`mrg kstç khfkh`c`g. Lg glgrig sk chbc chbcdk dk lg tkipkrgturg dgjg ùrghtk 0> ichutms `kspuãs `k khtrgr kh kl im`m Mpkrgfcöh Kqucpgickhtm. Lg glgrig `kschcdcrç gutmiçtcfgikhtk `kspuãs `k kstk tckipm. GPKHFCÖH - Vk rkfmickh`g fglcdrgfcöh `cgrcgikhtk pgrg ightkhkr kl scstkig prkfcsg. - Lg Gìchcstrgfcöh `k mxéokhm puk`k klkvgr kl hcvkl `k ruc`m pgrg kl dkdã `khtrm `k lg chfudg`mrg. -Imhctmrk fmh uh ghglczg`mr `kdc`gikhtk fglcdrg`m fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k M4 kh kl Ghglczg`mr `k Mxéokhm y fmipgrgr fmh kl vglmr ch`cfg`m kh lg pghtgllg chfudg`mrg. - Kl usm chg`kfug`m `k mxéokhm suplkikhtgrcm puk`k kstgr gsmfcg`m fmh kekftms skfuh`grcms orgvks, fmim fkoukrg, `ghcecfgfcöh `k lgs fãlulgs fkrkdrglks k lg iukrtk. Kl Tcksom `k Gfukr`m vgrég fmh fg`g pgfckhtk. Kl iãtm`m, lg fmhfkhtrgfcöh k @urgfcöh `k lg Gìchcstrgfcöh `k mxéokhm `kdk skr prksfrctm pmr uh gscstkhtk iã`cfm fuglcecfg`m fmh fmhmfcickhtms `k: rcksoms y dkhkecfcms. - Vc tckhk quk gìchcstrgr mxéokhm kh fgsm `k kikrokhfcg, kl gscstkhtk iã`cfm `kdk skr hmtcecfg`m chik`cgtgikhtk. - Lg bgfkrsk dgjmhm mrckhtgtcmh `kprkvcgikhtk pkrsmhgl iã`cfm fglcecfg`m. Lg Gìchcstrgfcöh fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k mxéokhm mxéokhm `kdk `cdujg`m pmr sölm uh hc÷m `ktkrichg kl mxéokhm grtkrcgl pgrfcgl `k tkhscöh. - Gl gdrcr lg pukrtg `k gffksm puk`k prmvmfgr uh `ksfkhsm `k fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k mxéokhm. ^grg tmigr uhg hukvg Ik`cfcöh kspkrgr uh tckipm pgrg quk lg fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k rkstgurgfcöh. - Hm utclcfk mxéokhm kh prkskhfcg `k ghkstãscfms chelgigdlks. - Ightkhog fuglquckr eukhtk `k cohcfcöh (pmr kjkiplm, lms pgrtc`ms, lms fcogrrcllms, Kqucpgickhtms prmùftmr `k fbcspg, ktf.) lkjms `k lg bgdctgfcöh kh lg quk lg chfudg`mrg kstç euhfcmhgh`m. Pklgs, gfkctk u mtrm cohcfcöh `kl fmidustcdlk khtrgh eçfclikhtk fugh`m kl gcrk khrcqukfc`m fmh mxéokhm. Fglcdrgfcöh `k lms skhsmrks `k mxéokhm: Kstk prmfk`cickhtm ks rçpc`m (ikhms `k 5> skouh`ms) y ks kskhfcgl pgrg kl dukh euhfcmhgickhtm `kl Kqucpgickhtm. ^grg fglcdrgr kl Kqucpgickhtm, bgog lm scouckhtk: ^rkscmhk fgjöh `k Prgdgjm y tcrk `kl iöùlm `k lms skhsmrks gl echgl `kl fursm, fmim lg Ecourg 7>4. 56 Ecourg 7>4 ‖ Fglcdrgfcöh `ms skhsmrks `k mxéokhm - Lgs `cspmsctcvm kictk uh smhc`m k lg pghtgllg orçecfg imstrgrç kl scouckhtk ikhsgjk: "Fglcdrgfcöh" - @kspuãs `k uh pkrém`m `k gprmxcig`gikhtk 6> skouh`ms, mtrg sk÷gl smhmrg y gpgrkfk kl scouckhtk ikhsgjk kh lg pghtgllg: "Bkfbm". - @kvmlvkr kl iöùlm `k skhsmr g sus pmscfcmhks `khtrm `k lg chfudg`mrg. Lg fglcdrgfcöh `k lms skhsmrks `k mxéokhm kstç tkrichg`m. Hmtg: - ^grg kjkfutgr kstk ^rmfk`cickhtm `k fglcdrgfcöh, gskoúrksk `k quk lg bgdctgfcöh `mh`k kstç chstglg`m kl chfudg`mr prkskhtg fmhfkhtrgfcöh hmrigl `k mxéokhm (47%). 7>.0 - MRCIKPTÉG @K ^[LVM CHPKOTG@G (IÖ@[LM M^FCMHGL) Kl scstkig `k mxciktrég `k pulsm chtkorg`m pkrictk quk kl rctim fgr`égfm (DÎ), Pgjg bkimolmdchg sgturg`g fmh mxéokhm kh sghork (VpM4) y lg furvg plktcsimorçecfg sk fmhtrmlgh kh lg vcsuglczgfcöh orçecfg `kl pghkl `k fmhtrml. Kl scstkig tgidcãh fukhtg fmh glgrigs `k skourc`g` prmorgigdlks pgrg lms pgrçiktrms imhctmrczg`ms. Kl usm `k skhsmrks: - Khfckh`g lg chfudg`mrg y kspkrgr pgrg kstgdclczgr lg tkipkrgturg chtkrhg. - Gskoúrksk `k quk kl skhsmr kstç fmhkftg`m gl iöùlm `kl pghkl `k skhsmrks y lms rkfcãh hgfc`ms. - [stk` tckhk `ms tcpms `k k y g`bkscvms pgrg lg mxciktrég. Lg utclczgfcmh `k fg`g tcpm `k skhsmr y lg ecjgfcöh `k g`bkscvm `kpkh`krç `kl tgig÷m `kl pgfckhtk, fmim sk iukstrg g fmhtchugfcöh: ^gfckhtks gtã 4 Ao Vkhsmr 7 \ G`bkscvm 7 ^TMFK@CIKHPM ^GTG FMLMFGFCÖH @MV VKHVMTKV - Tktcrk kl prmtkftmr `kl g`bkscvm `kl skhsmr `k ecjgfcöh. - Ecjk kl g`bkscvm hm skhsmr `k mxciktrég. ^gfckhtks khtrk 4 k 7> Ao Vkhsmr 4 \ G`bkscvm 4 VKHVMT 7 VKHVMT 4 50 - Fmlmquk kl skhsmr kh lg supkrecfck `k lg pckl `kl pgfckhtk (`k`m m kl pck). - Kl lg`m `kl skhsmr quk fmhtckhk kl kicsmr `k luz kspkrg quk skg kh kl lg`m supkrcmr `kl lg`m `k u÷gs `kl pck m kl `k`m `kl `ktkftmr `kdk skr mpukstm. Gl fmlmfgr kl skhsmr kh kl pgfckhtk, trgtgr `k `kjgr kl rkfkptmr y `ktkftmr glchkg`m pgrg gskourgr lg ikjmr sk÷gl pmscdlk pgrg kl scstkig `k. - Ecjk ecrikikhtk kl g`bkscvm `kl skhsmr, khrmllçh`mlm kh lg pckl `kl pck m kl `k`m `kl pgfckhtk, tkhckh`m fuc`g`m `k hm mdstrucr kl Elujm `k sghork. - ^grg ogrghtczgr uh dukh rksultg`m kh lg lkfturg `k lg sk÷gl, fmhkftgr kl fgdlk `kl skhsmr (ch`kpkh`ckhtkikhtk skhsmr g`bkscvm) fmh uhg fchtg, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg ecourg. [hg vkz içs tkhkr fuc`g`m `k hm mdstrucr Elujm sghouéhkm. Hmtg: - Vc kl skhsmr hm kstç fmlmfg`m fmrrkftgikhtk, kl scstkig `k mxciktrég puk`k hm euhfcmhgr fmrrkftgikhtk. - Kl skhsmr `k mxciktrég `k fmlmfgfcmh fmrrkftg ks kskhfcgl pgrg kl euhfcmhgickhtm `kl scstkig. Vcog fuc`g`msgikhtk lgs mrckhtgfcmhks ch`cfg`gs. GPKHFCÖH - Hm utclcfk skhsmrks `k mxciktrég quk hm smh prmpmrfcmhg`ms `crkftgikhtk pmr Mlc`ke m sus rkprkskhtghtks gutmrczg`ms. - Vuspkh`kr kl skhsmr `k mxciktrég `k utclczgfcmh, sc kl g`bkscvm `k ecjgfcöh fgusg rkgfcmhks glãrocfgs pgfckhtk. - Hm utclczgr lms skhsmrks `k mxciktrég `g÷g`ms. - Vkhsmrks `k mxciktrég sk `kdkh suikrocr kh goug m fuglquckr smlufcöh e. - Hm utclcfk prmùftms gorkscvms m gdrgscvms pgrg lg lcipckzg `kl skhsmr.  Erkfukhfcg Fgr`égfg (DÎ) Kh kstk im`m `k imhctmrczgfcöh, lg chfudg`mrg tckhk glgrig GLPG DGJG DÎ y DÎ, quk sckiprk sk chcfcgrç g quk lg erkfukhfcg fgr`égfg glfghzg uhms léictks prmorgig`ms. Lg egjg `k imhctmrkm `k > g 4;> DÎ, k lms uidrglks `k gftcvgfcöh `k glgrigs sk puk`kh kstgdlkfkr `khtrm `k uhg egjg `k > g 4;>dpi, kh chfrkikhtms `k 7 ppi. Kl vglmr `k lms léictks `k lg lkfturg y kl fmhjuhtm sk ch`cfgrç kh kl pghkl `k fmhtrml. Gjustk `k lms léictks: - Kl Kqucpgickhtm vckhk fmh lms léictks `k glgrigs pgrg kstgdlkfkr lg erkfukhfcg fgr`égfg g lms ;> k 4>>dpi. Fg`g vkz ks `kskhfkh`c`m Kqucpgickhtm, kl vglmr kstgdlkfc`m pgrg rkchcfcgr kstk im`m `k imhctmrczgfcöh, sk kstgdlkfk kh lg eçdrcfg. - ^grg gjustgr kl léictk, pulsk lg pghtgllg kl fgipm DÎ, m pulsk kl k rmtgtcvm y `ksplgzgrsk tm`ms lms fgipms pgrg mdtkhkr k y prkscmhgrlm. ^grg kstgdlkfkr uh vglmr içxcim, utclcfk lgs tkflgs `k euhfcöh `k Klkvgfcöh m pgrçiktrms rkùfcöh m ocrk kl Dmtöh ocrgtmrcm pgrg kl vglmr `kskg`m. ^grg fmhecrigr, pulsk kl dmtöh Gpmrtks rmtgtcvm. - ^grg gjustgr kl uidrgl, utclcfk lgs tkflgs `k euhfcöh `k pgrçiktrms KLKUGFCMH m rkùfcöh m ocrk kl Dmtöh ocrgtmrcm pgrg kl vglmr `kskg`m. ^grg fmhecrigr, pulsk kl dmtöh rmtgtcvm. 5; Ecourg 7>6 ‖ @csplgy orçecfm ‖ Erkfukhfcg fgr`égfg DÎ Hmtgs: - @khtrm `kl fgipm `k DÎ, kl húikrm içs orgh`k (g lg `krkfbg) rkprkskhtg kl vglmr gftugl `k lkkr. Lms húikrms içs pkquk÷ms (czquckr`g) rkprkskhtgh lgs glgrigs `k içxcim y iéhcim. - Kl vglmr içxcim m iéhcim `khtrm `kl léictk "DÎ GLPM" sk rklgfcmhgh `crkftgikhtk fmh kl içxcim y kl léictk iéhcim "GDGJM DÎ". - Lg mxciktrég `k utclczgfcmh ks mpfcmhgl. ^grg `ksgftcvgr kl scstkig, `ksfmhkftgr kl iöùlm `k skhsmr `k lms skhsmrks `k lg chfudg`mrg k sclkhfcgr lg glgrig. -iukstrgh Erkfukhfcg `kl4;>. pulsm `kdgjm cipulsm `k 4> (kxfkptm kl fkrm) skch`cfgr imstrgrç 4> y hm pmrkstç khfcig `k 4;>, sk fmim [hpmr erkqukhfy fkrm sk utclczg pgrg qukfmim kl imhctmr supkrvcsgh`m kl pulsm.  V^M4 Kh kstk im`m `k imhctmrczgfcöh, lg chfudg`mrg tckhk glgrig `k GLPG% VpM4 y VpM4 DGJG%, quk sk gftcvg fg`g vkz quk lg tgjg `k bkimolmdchg sgturg`g fmh mxéokhm kh lg sghork glfghzg lms léictks prmorgig`ms. Kl skoucickhtm Egjg `k > g 7>>%, y lcictg lg uhc`g` `k glgrigs puk`k skr prmorgig`m `khtrm `k uhg egjg `k > g 7>>% kh chfrkikhtms `k 7%. Kl vglmr `k lms léictks `k lg lkfturg y kl fmhjuhtm sk ch`cfgrç kh kl pghkl `k fmhtrml. Gjustk `k lms léictks: Kl Kqucpgickhtm vckhk fmh lms léictks `k lgs glgrigs `k V^M4 3>% y 7>>%. Fg`g vkz ks `kskhfkh`c`m Kqucpgickhtm, kl vglmr kstgdlkfc`m pgrg rkchcfcgr kstk im`m `k imhctmrczgfcöh, sk kstgdlkfk kh lg eçdrcfg. ^grg gjustgr kl tkfbm, pulsk kh kl fgipm `k V^M4 pghtgllg m pulsk kl dmtöh Gpmrtks rmtgtcvm y `ksplgzgrsk tm`ms lms fgipms pgrg mdtkhkr V^M4 y prkscmhgrlm. ^grg kstgdlkfkr uh vglmr içxcim, utclcfk lgs tkflgs `k euhfcöh `k Klkvgfcöh m pgrçiktrms rkùfcöh m ocrk kl Dmtöh ocrgtmrcm pgrg kl vglmr `kskg`m. ^grg fmhecrigr, - pulsk gjustgr kl dmtöhklGpmrtks ^grg uidrgl,rmtgtcvm. utclcfk lgs tkflgs `k euhfcöh `k pgrçiktrms KLKUGFCMH m rkùfcöh m ocrk kl Dmtöh ocrgtmrcm pgrg kl vglmr `kskg`m. ^grg fmhecrigr, pulsk kl dmtöh Gpmrtks rmtgtcvg. Ecourg 7>0 - @csplgy orçecfm - ^LKP 55 Hmtgs: - @khtrm `kl fgipm `k V^M4, kl húikrm içs orgh`k (g lg `krkfbg) rkprkskhtg kl vglmr gftugl `k lkkr. Lms húikrms içs pkquk÷ms (czquckr`g) rkprkskhtgh lgs glgrigs `k içxcim y iéhcim. - Lms vglmrks içxcims y iéhcims `khtrm `kl léictk `k "GLPM VpM4" sk rklgfcmhgh `crkftgikhtk fmh kl içxcim y kl léictk iéhcim "VpM4 DGJG" ùrghtk kl gjustk. - Lg mxciktrég `k utclczgfcmh ks mpfcmhgl. ^grg `ksgftcvgr kl scstkig, `ksfmhkftgr kl iöùlm `k skhsmr `k lms skhsmrks `k lg chfudg`mrg k sclkhfcgr lg glgrig.  - Furvg ^lktcsimorçecfg ^grg vkr lg furvg plktcsimorçecfg, pulsk kh lg pkstg÷g pghtgllg ^LKP m pulsk kl dmtöh Gpmrtks rmtgtcvm y `ksplgzgrsk tm`ms lms fgipms bgstg llkogr g lg pkstg÷g ^LKP y prkscmhgrlm. Ecourg 7>; - @csplgy orçecfm- furvg plktcsimorçecfg 7>.; - OTÇECFMV @K PKH@ÊHFCG Lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk T_P ^L[V tckhk uhg vcsuglczgfcöh `k lms pgrçiktrms `kl scstkig g trgvãs `k orçecfm `k tkh`khfcg, kstms orçecfms sk khfukhtrgh kh lg pgrtk chekrcmr `k lg pghtgllg fmhtchúg `krkfbg. Lms pgrçiktrms quk sk puk`kh vkr kh lms orçecfms `k tkh`khfcg smh:      Pkipkrgturg GCTK1 Pkipkrgturg TH1 Buik`g` rklgtcvg `kl Gcrk (mpfcmhgl)1 Mxéokhm (mpfcmhgl)1 Vciultähkg ^grg tm`ms lms pgrçiktrms `k lg tkh`khfcg ks lg imhctmrczgfcöh kh tckipm lms últcims ? bmrgs. Vk prkskhtgrçh lms orçecfms fmh kl pgrçiktrm `kskg`m kh kl kjk `k mr`khg`gs y kl tckipm kh bmrgs kh kl kjk `k gdsfcsgs. Pkh`êhfcg Pkipkrgturg `kl GCTK ^grg vkr kl orçecfm `k tkh`khfcg `k lg tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk, pulsk lg pghtgllg `k lg ecfbg GCTK m `ksplgzgrsk fmh lg ruk`g Dmtöh tm`ms lms fgipms bgstg llkogr g lg GCTK Vklkffcmhgr y lm prkscmhgh. Lg pghtgllg orçecfg iukstrg uh orçecfm quk sk puk`k ghglczgr lg tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk g trgvãs `kl tckipm: • 5? Ecourg 7>5 - Orçecfm `k tkh`êhfcg pgrg tkipkrgturg `kl GCTK Pkh`êhfcg Pkipkrgturg `kl TH ^grg vkr kl orçecfm `k tkh`khfcg `k lg tkipkrgturg TH, pulsk kh lg pkstg÷g TH pghtgllg m `ksplgzgrsk fmh lg ruk`g Dmtöh tm`ms lms fgipms bgstg llkogr g lg TH Vklkffcmhgr y lm prkscmhgh. Lg pghtgllg orçecfg iukstrg uh orçecfm `mh`k lg tkipkrgturg TH sk puk`k ghglczgr fmh kl tckipm: • Ecourg 7>? - Orçecfm `k tkh`êhfcg pgrg tkipkrgturg `kl TH Pkh`êhfcg Buik`g` ^grg vkr lg tkh`khfcg `k lg Buik`g` `kl gcrk fmhfkhtrgfcöh kh kl chtkrcmr `kl fmipgrtcikhtm `k rkfcãh hgfc`m, pulsk kh lg pkstg÷g BT pghtgllg m pulsk kl dmtöh Gpmrtks rmtgtcvm y `ksplgzgrsk tm`ms lms fgipms bgstg llkogr • gLglgpghtgllg pkstg÷gorçecfg BT y lmiukstrg prkscmhg. uh orçecfm quk puk`k skr ghglczg`g fmhfkhtrgfcöh TB fmh kl tckipm: Ecourg 7>2 - Orçecfm `k tkh`êhfcg t kh`êhfcg pgrg fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k [T 52 Pkh`êhfcg Mxéokhm • ^grg vkr lg tkh`khfcg `k fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k mxéokhm, pulsk lg pkstg÷g `k M4 pghtgllg m pulsk kl dmtöh Gpmrtks rmtgtcvm y `ksplgzgrsk tm`ms lms fgipms bgstg llkogr g lg pkstg÷g `k M4 y lg pulsgfcöh. Lg pghtgllg orçecfg iukstrg uh orçecfm quk puk`k skr ghglczg`g fmhfkhtrgfcöh M4 kh kl tckipm: Ecourg 7>3 - Orçecfm `k tkh`êhfcg pgrg fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k M4 Pkh`êhfcg Vciultähkg Kl pghkl `k fmhtrml tckhk uhg euhfcöh g`cfcmhgl quk pkrictk gl mpkrg`mr vkr lg chfudg`mrg kh uh smlm orçecfm `k tm`gs lgs tkh`khfcgs. • ^grg vkr tm`gs lgs tkh`khfcgs pulsk sciultçhkgikhtk lg pghtgllg GLL pkstg÷g m pulsk kl dmtöh Gpmrtks rmtgtcvm y `ksplgzgrsk tm`ms lms fgipms pgrg mdtkhkr tm`ms y prkscmhgrlm. Ecourg 77> - @csplgy orçecfm - GLL Hmtg: - Gpgrkfki ms orçecfms `g tkipkrgturg `m GT, tkipkrgturg `m TH, Buik`g`, Mxéokhm k VpM4 ( hg fmr gzul). 77 - TKF[TVMV G@CFCMHGLKV 77.7 - DLMW[KM @K PKFLG@M Kl pghkl `k fmhtrml tckhk uhg euhfcöh g`cfcmhgl quk pkrictk gl mpkrg`mr chfudg`mrg dlmqukg kl tkflg`m, kvctgh`m gltkrgfcmhks chvmluhtgrcgs `k lms pgrçiktrms kstgdlkfc`ms prkvcgikhtk.- ^grg dlmqukgr kl tkflg`m, pulsk lg tkflg "Dlmqukm `kl tkflg`m". Kl lufks ch`cfg`mrgs flgvk `k dlmqukm. Kh kstg fmh`cfcöh e, lms pgrçiktrms ch`cfg`ms ik`cghtk lg chfudg`mrg sk puk`kh fgidcgr g trgvãs `kl tkflg`m.- ^grg `ksdlmqukgr kl hukvm kl dmtöh `k prkhsg "Dlmqukm `kl tkflg`m" tkflg`m,. Kl ch`cfg`mr `k dlmqukm `k tkflgs gpgogrçh.. 53 Ecourg 777 ‖ ^ghkl ermhtgl `k lg chfudg`mrg 77.4 ‖ EKFBG S BMTG Kl pghkl `k fmhtrml pmsãk uh rkfursm g`cfcmhgl quk ch`cfg lg ekfbg y kl bmrçrcm, fmhemrik ecourg 774. Ecourg 774 - @csplgy orçecfm ‖ EKFBG / BMTG Fmim gjustgr lg ekfbg y bmrg: - Gl fmhkftgr kl Kqucpgickhtm sklkffcmhk lg Mpfcöh ekfbg / bmrg y pulsk kl dmtöh Gpmrtks rmtgtmrcm, fmim sk iukstrg 776. Ecourg 776 ‖ Vklkfcöh BMTG / @GPG - ^grg klkocr kl pgrçiktrm quk sk puk`k im`cecfgr pulsk kl dmtöh Gpmrtks rmtgtmrcm, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 770. - ^grg gjustgr lms vglmrks `k lms pgrçiktrms g su vkz kl Dmtöh ocrgtmrcm. - @kspuãs `k gjustgr lg bmrg y lg ekfbg, pulsk KHPKT pgrg ougr`gr lms vglmrks k lg chfudg`mrg khtrgrç kh im`m VPGH@ DS. ?> Ecourg 770 - @csplgy orçecfm - BMTG / EKFBG Hmtg: - Ightkhkr kstms `gtms gjustg`ms fmrrkftgikhtk pgrg quk lms orçecfms `k tkh`khfcgs sk puk`kh imstrgr lms `gtms fmrrkftgikhtk. - Vc hm `kskg fmhecourgr ekfbg / bmrg y klkocr mpfcöh "MA" y pulsk kl dmtöh Gpmrtks rmtgtcvm. Kl Kqucpgickhtm khtrkh kh im`m stgh`dy. 77.6 - FG@GVPTM @KL ^GFCKHPK ^ GFCKHPK Kl pghkl `k fmhtrml tckhk uhg euhfcöh g`cfcmhgl quk pkrictk kl rkocstrm `kl hmidrk `kl pgfckhtk. Föim rkocstrgr kl hmidrk TH: - Gl fmhkftgr kl Kqucpgickhtm klkocr Mpfcöh `k rkocstrm `k pgfckhtks y pulsk kl dmtöh Gpmrtks `k rmtgfcöh fmim ecourg 77;. Ecourg 77; ‖ Vklkfcöh FG@GVPTM @KL ^GFCKHPK - ^grg llkhgr kl hmidrk `kl pgfckhtk, dgstg fmh utclczgr kl Dmtöh ocrgtmrcm pgrg `ksplgzgrsk g trgvãs `k lms pkrsmhgjks y pgrg chskrtgrlm, dgstg fmh pulsgr kl dmtöh Gpmrtks rmtgtcvm y pgsgr gl scouckhtk fgrçftkr, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 775. - ^mr últcim ocrk kl Dmtöh ocrgtmrcm pgrg kl fgipm MA y pulsk kl dmtöh Gpmrtks rmtgtmrcm m lg tkflg pgrg ougr`gr kl hmidrk rkocstrg`m KHPKT. Lg chfudg`mrg khtrgrç kh im`m `k Mpkrgfcöh `k emrig gutmiçtcfg GCTK. Ecourg 775 - @csplgy orçecfm ‖ fg`gstrm `k pgfckhtk Hmtgs: - Lg içquchg euhfcmhg hmriglikhtk sch kl rkocstrm `kl hmidrk `kl pgfckhtk. Vc `kskg hm rkocstrgr kl TH klkocr mpfcöh "MA" y pulsk kl dmtöh Gpmrtks rmtgtcvm. Kl Kqucpgickhtm khtrgr kh kl im`m GCTK Mpkrgfcöh gutmiçtcfgikhtk. - ^grg klcichgr kl fgrçftkr quk `kskg, ocrk kl Dmtöh ocrgtmrcm pgrg kl fgipm @KL y prkscmhgrlm. @k kstk im`m, sk dmrrg kl últcim fgrçftkr. Vc `kskg dmrrgr mtrms pkrsmhgjks, fmhtchúk prkscmhgh`m kl dmtöh Gpmrtks rmtgtcvm kh kl fgipm `k @KL. ?7 - Kl Kqucpgickhtm pgrg skr `kskhfkh`c`m Khfkh`c`m y mtrg vkz kl hmidrk rkocstrg`m yg hm gpgrkfkrç kh lg pghtgllg sc `kskg rkocstrgrsk `k hukvm prmfk`kr `k lg prcikrg ktgpg `kl puhtm 77.6 - Tkocstrm `k ^gfckhtks . 77.0 - PKI^KTGP[TG GIDCKHPK Kl pghkl `k fmhtrml tckhk uhg euhfcöh g`cfcmhgl quk ch`cfg lg tkipkrgturg gidckhtk. Ecourg 77? - @csplgy orçecfm - tkipkrgturg t kipkrgturg gidckhtk 77.; - FGTOG LG DGPKTÉG Kl pghkl `k fmhtrml@K tckhk uhg euhfcöh g`cfcmhgl quk ch`cfg lg fgrog rkstghtk `k lg dgtkrég. - Kqucpgickhtm `kskhfkh`c`m k sch rk` GF Vc kl kqucpm kstç fmhkftg`m fmh lg llgvk kh okhkrgl, sk vcsuglczg uhg pghtgllg chemrigh`m g lg fgrog rkstghtk. Fmim iukstrg lg Ecourg 772. Ecourg 772 - @csplgy orçecfm ‖ fgrog `g dgtkrég - Kqucpgickhtm `kskhfkh`c`m y fmh rk` GF Vc kl kqucpm kstç fmhkftg`m fmh lg llgvk kh okhkrgl, sk vcsuglczg uhg pghtgllg chemrigh`m g lg fgrog rkstghtk y uh séidmlm `k quk lg dgtkrég sk kstç fgrogh`m. Fmim iukstrg lg ecourg 773. Ecourg 773 - @csplgy orçecfm ‖ Dgtkrég rkfgrrkogh`m ?4 - Kqucpgickhtm khfkh`c`m Fmh chemrigfcöh Kqucpgickhtm Khfkh`c`m kstç kh lg ksquchg supkrcmr `krkfbg. Fmim iukstrg lg Ecourg 74>. Ecourg 74> - @csplgy orçecfm ‖ fgrog `k lg dgtkrég 74 - E[HFCMHGICKHPM @K LGV GLGTIGV Lg chfudg`mrg`k `kusugrcm trghspmrtk T_P tckhk uh scstkigfléhcfg `k glgrigs, euhfcöhhmriglks e ks glkrtgr gl Kqucpgickhtm kh lg- im`klm mfurrkhfcg `k ^L[V uh pgfckhtk Vctugfcöh eukrg `kfuyg lms léictks m kh fuglquckr prmdlkig tãfhcfm Kqucpgickhtm. Kh tm`gs lgs glgrigs gftcvg`gs, uh pctc`m chtkrictkhtk sk gftcvg, uhm khfckh`k kl ch`cfg`mr LK@ rmjm y sk ksfrcdk uh ikhsgjk kh lg pghtgllg. Kl gu`cm puk`k skr sclkhfcg`g tkipmrglikhtk, pkrm lms ch`cfgfcmh vcsugl quk`k bgstg quk sk rkstgdlkzfg lg hmriglc`g` Fmh`cfcöh. Hmtg: - Pkflg VCLKHFCG GLGTIG - G trgvãs `k lg glgrig dmtöh `k sclkhfcm, kl usugrcm puk`k chbcdcr lg sk÷gl smhmrg `k glouhgs glgrigs (vãgsk kl euhfcmhgickhtm `k lgs glgrigs) pmr uh pkrém`m `k 7; ichutms. Kh kstg fmh`cfcöh e, lg glgrig skoucrç sckh`m ch`cfg`g pmr LK@ rmjm (ch`cfg`mr `k glgrigs) y kl ch`cfg`mr LK@ `k glgrig sk gftcvgrç sclkhfcg`m, imstrgh`m gl usugrcm quk lg glgrig kstg gpgog`g. Kh kl fgsm `k `kskhfg`khgr mtrg glgrig, chflusm kl tmhm chbcdcãh`msk, kl vcgjk `k rkorksm g kictcr pmr Kqucpgickhtm. - Vc lg glgrig Fmh`cfcöh pkrighkfkh içs gllç `k lms 7; ichutms `k hukvm sk gftcvg lg glgrig y kl usugrcm puk`k chbcdcr lg uhc`g` `k smhc`m ùrghtk mtrms 7; ichutms pulsgh`m kl dmtöh GLGTIG sclkhfcg `k`k hukvm. - Glgrigs mxciktrég puk`kh chbcdcr kl zuidg`mr ùrghtk uh pkrém`m `k 4 ichutms, sc Fmh`cfcöh `k glgrig pkrighkfk içs gllç `k lms `ms ichutms, lg glgrig vmlvkrç g smhgr kl tcidrk y kl usugrcm puk`k chbcdcr `k hukvm pulsgh`m lms dmtmhks GLGTIGV sclkhfcg. - Fmiprukdk sckiprk lg fgusg `k lg gftcvgfcöh `k lgs glgrigs pgrg ogrghtczgr lg skourc`g` `kl pgfckhtk. Hmtg: - Glgrig `k prcmrc`g` Fmh`cfcöh: tm`gs lgs glgrigs ch`cfg`gs pmr lg Chfudg`mrg `k Prghspmrtk T_P ^L[V sk fmhsc`krgh `k gltg prcmrc`g`. - Kl hcvkl `k glgrigs smhmrgs ^rkscöh: g uhg `cstghfcg `k 6 i, pkrpkh`cfulgr g lg pgrtk ermhtgl `k lg chfudg`mrg y gprmxcig`gikhtk 7,; i pmr khfcig `kl suklm ks `k gl ikhms 5; `D. - Kl tckipm `k rktgr`m chbkrkhtk g lg `ktkrichgfcmh `k lg Fmh`cfcöh `k glgrigs: kl tckipm `k rktgr`m pgrg lg gftcvgfcöh `k lgs glgrigs ks ikhms `k ; skouh`ms. - Tktrgsm kh kl scstkig `k glgrigs: kl scstkig `k glgrigs tckhk tckipm pgrg lg `ktkffcöh `k glgrigs `k ikhms `k ; skouh`ms. ?6 GPKHFCÖH - Lgs glgrigs quk hm puk`kh skr sclkhfcg`ms pmr kl dmtöh VCLKHFCM @K GLGTIG: - glgrig `k egllm kh lg dgtkrég1 - Glgrig `k gcrk Fcrfulgfcöh1 - Iöùlm `k glgrigs `k skhsmrks `ksfmhkftg`ms1 - Iöùlm `k glgrigs `k skhsmrks `ksglmjg`gs1 - Glgrig `k egllm `k imtmr1 - Egllm `kl scstkig `k glgrig1 - Vkhsmr `k buik`g` rklgtcvg chsuecfckhfcg `k glgrig.  OKHKTGLKV: 7) Glgrig egltg `k rk` GF Kstg glgrig sk gftcvg fg`g vkz quk sk `ktckhk kl suichcstrm `k khkroég klãftrcfg g lg rk` pmr 74>-46>U ~. Kh kstk Fmh`cfcöh, lg chfudg`mrg gutmiçtcfgikhtk utclczgrç lg glcikhtgfcöh `k lg dgtkrég chtkrhg 74U. G`kiçs `k lg glkrtg gu`cdlk, bgdrç ch`cfgfcmh vcsugl g trgvãs `kl LK@ rmjm kh kl ikhsgjk GF pghkl y EGLLM TK@ kh lg pghtgllg. Lg sk÷gl gu`cdlk puk`k skr chbcdc`g pmr tkflg sclkhfcg GLGTIGV, pkrighkfckh`m, sch kidgrom, ch`cfgfcmh g trgvãs `kl LK@ rmjm. 4) Glgrig dgtkrég `ksfgrog`g Kstg glgrig sk ch`cfg ik`cghtk uh LK@ rmjm sctug`m kh kl pghkl `k fmhtrml, vcsuglczgfcöh `k ikhsgjk `k dgtkrég dgjg k uhg glkrtg gu`cdlk `k quk lg dgtkrég bg glfghzg`m uh hcvkl iuy dgjm `k fgrog `kspuãs `k lg gftcvgfcöh `k lg glgrig, lg chfudg`mrg puk`k euhfcmhgr pgrg 7> ichutms, ightkhckh`m sus Euhfcmhks hmriglks. @kspuãs `k kstk tckipm lg tkipkrgturg `k lg chfudg`mrg sk rkùfcrç bgstg kl dmrrg`m tmtgl `k lg uhc`g` `k igh`m. Lg sk÷gl gu`cdlk puk`k skr chbcdc`g pmr tkflg sclkhfcg GLGTIGV, pkrighkfckh`m, sch kidgrom, ch`cfgfcmh g trgvãs `kl LK@ rmjm. GPKHFCÖH - Lg Chfudg`mrg utclczgfcmh fmh ch`cfgfcmh `k lg dgtkrég `ksfgrog`g m su fmh`cfcöh e vgoghfcg quk pm`régh fgusgr `g÷ms crrkvkrscdlks kh lg dgtkrég. Ks kl mpkrg`mr `k lg fmhstghtk vkrcecfgfcöh `kl hcvkl `k fgrog `k lg dgtkrég `kl `cspmsctcvm. @kekftms rksultghtks `k lg utclczgfcmh chg`kfug`g `k lg dgtkrég m lg egltg `k gtkhfcöh `k Ighutkhfcöh k fgrog `k lg dgtkrég hm kstgrçh fudckrtms pmr lg ogrghtég. 6) Glgrig egllg kh lg dgtkrég Kstg glgrig sk grrghfgh`m fugh`m bgy gloúh tcpm `k egllm kh lg dgtkrég. G`kiçs `k lg glkrtg smhmrg, bgdrç ch`cfgfcmh vcsugl g trgvãs `kl LK@ rmjm kh kl pghkl `k dgtkrég y kl ikhsgjk `k KTTMT kh lg pghtgllg. Kl pctc`m hm sk puk`k chbcdcr lg tkflg sclkhfcg GLGTIGV. Hmtg: - ^grg utclczgr kl kqucpm kh kstg fmh`cfcöh e, kl mpkrg`mr `kdk gpgogr lg llgvk okhkrgl y fmhkftgr kl Kqucpgickhtm pgrg uhg rk` `k Glcikhtgfcöh 74> - 46> U ~ m Glcikhtgfcöh 74U guxclcgr ..... `kskhfg`khgr lg llgvk okhkrgl `k hukvm y khfckh`g kl Kqucpgickhtm. Kh kstk fgsm, lg chfudg`mrg iukstrg uh ikhsgjk kh lg pghtgllg chemrigh`m g lg dgtkrég y ch`cfgfcmh egllg`m g trgvãs `kl LK@ rmjm. GPKHFCÖH - Kl usm `k lg Chfudg`mrg fmh ch`cfgfcöh `k egllm kh lg dgtkrég m su fmh`cfcöh e vgoghfcg quk pm`régh fgusgr `g÷ms crrkvkrscdlks kh lg dgtkrég. @kekftms rksultghtks `k lg utclczgfcmh chg`kfug`g `k lg dgtkrég m lg egltg `k gtkhfcöh `k Ighutkhfcöh k fgrog `k lg dgtkrég hm kstgrçh fudckrtms pmr lg ogrghtég. 0) Glgrig pmlgrc`g` chvkrtc`g Kstg glgrig sk gftcvg fugh`m lg pmlgrc`g` `k lg Glcikhtgfcöh 74U guxclcgr ks chvkrtc`g.Cssm bgrç quk lg chfudg`mrg `k mpkrgr pmr lg dgtkrég. G`kiçs `k lg glkrtg smhmrg, bgdrç ch`cfgfcmh vcsugl g trgvãs `kl LK@ rmjm kh kl k lg pmlgrc`g` y kl ikhsgjk chvkrsg kh lg pghtgllg. Kstg glgrig sk puk`k chbcdcr pulsgh`m kl dmtöh sclkhfcg GLGTIG. ;) `k gcrk KstgGlgrig glgrig`k skfcrfulgfcöh gftcvg kh fgsm `k pgrg`g `kl imtmr, prmdlkig fmh kl vkhtclg`mr m lg rkùfcöh Elujm `k Gcrk. Fg`g vkz quk sk gftcvg lg glgrig `k Fcrfulgfcöh, rktcrk kl pgfckhtk chfudg`mrg yg quk kstg fmh`cfcöh e kl gcrk kh kl chtkrcmr `kl fmipgrtcikhtm `k TH, hm mdstghtk sk rkhukvg. ?0 Fg`g vkz quk lg glgrig ks `cspgrg`g gcrk fcrfulgtcmh lg chfudg`mrg sk gpgogrç gutmiçtcfgikhtk tm`ms lms scstkigs `k fmhtrml `k skrvm. Gltkrgfcmhks rkpkhtchms kh lg chfudg`mrg `k tkipkrgturg chtkrcmr `k lg fúpulg puk`k fgusgr lg gftcvgfcöh `k lg glgrig. Vc sk gftcvg lg glgrig, ightkhog lg chfudg`mrg ùrghtk 7> ichutms. Vc kl gcrk fcrfulgtcmh vmlvkr g lg hmriglc`g`, lg chfudg`mrg sk gpgogrç gutmiçtcfgikhtk lg glgrig sc lg glgrig pkrscstk khvcgr Kqucpgickhtm pgrg kl skrvcfcm gutmrczg`m içs fkrfghm. G`kiçs `k lg glkrtg smhmrg, bgdrç ch`cfgfcmh vcsugl g trgvãs `k ikhsgjk `k HM fcrfulgtcmh lg pghtgllg. Kl pctc`m hm sk puk`k chbcdcr lg tkflg sclkhfcg GLGTIGV. GPKHFCÖH - Fugh`m lg chfudg`mrg ks fmhkftgr lg glgrig Fcrfulgfcöh GCTK quk`g chbcdc`m ùrghtk 0> ichutms. - Fmh lg prkskhtgfcöh `k kstk pgfckhtk Tcksom `k glgrig hm puk`k skr chbcdc`g pmr lg llgvk sclkhfcg GLGTIGV. 5) Glgrig iöùlm `k skhsmrks `ksfmhkftg`m Kstg glgrig sk gftcvg fugh`m kl iöùlm skhsmr sk `ksfmhkftg `k Kqucpgickhtm (pmr kl usugrcm m pmr gffc`khtk). G`kiçs `k lg glkrtg smhmrg, bgdrç uhg ch`cfgfcmh g trgvãs `kl LK@ rmjm kh kl pghkl y skhsmrks @KVFMHKFPG@M ikhsgjk IÖ@[LM kh lg pghtgllg. Kl pctc`m hm sk puk`k chbcdcr lg tkflg sclkhfcg GLGTIGV. GPKHFCÖH - Kl iöùlm `k skhsmr fmhkftg`m @ēdk chfudg`mrg ùrghtk su utclczgfcmh. ?) Glgrig iöùlm `k lms skhsmrks `ksglmyg`m Ch`cfg quk kl iöùlm ks `k lms skhsmrks `k lg chfudg`mrg `k sus pmscfcmhks g`kfug`gs pgrg lg mpkrgfcöh. G`kiçs `k lg glkrtg smhmrg, bgdrç uhg ch`cfgfcmh g trgvãs `kl LK@ rmjm kh kl pghkl y kl ikhsgjk IM@[LM `ksglmjg`m lg pghtgllg. Kl pctc`m hm sk puk`k chbcdcr lg tkflg sclkhfcg GLGTIGV. Fg`g vkz quk kl iöùlm `k glgrig `k lms skhsmrks sk gftcvgh `ksglmjg`gs `k lg chfudg`mrg sk gpgogrç gutmiçtcfgikhtk tm`ms lms scstkigs `k fmhtrml `k skrvm. 2) Glgrig egllg kh kl scstkig Kstg glgrig sk gftcvg fugh`m kl scstkig klkftröhcfm `ktkftg kl egllm `k gloúh fmipmhkhtk m rutchg `k euhfcmhgickhtm. G`kiçs `k lg glkrtg smhmrg, bgdrç uhg ch`cfgfcmh g trgvãs `kl LK@ rmjm kh kl pghkl y EGLLM ikhsgjk `kl scstkig (FM@K) kh lg pghtgllg. Kl pctc`m hm sk puk`k chbcdcr lg tkflg sclkhfcg GLGTIGV. Kl (FM@K) chemrig`g ks fulpg ch`cfgfcmh sk prmùjm kh kl scstkig. Fg`g vkz quk sk gftcvg kl egllm `kl scstkig `k glgrig `k lg chfudg`mrg sk gpgogrç gutmiçtcfgikhtk tm`ms lms scstkigs `k fmhtrml `k skrvm. 3) Glgrig egllg kh kl imtmr Kstg glgrig sk `cspgrg fugh`m kl scstkig klkftröhcfm `ktkftg uh egllm kh kl imtmr m grhãs klkftröhcfm gsmfcg`m fmh ãl. G`kiçs `k lg glkrtg smhmrg, bgdrç uhg ch`cfgfcmh g trgvãs `k LK@ rmjm kh kl pghkl y kl ikhsgjk GUKTÉG @KL IMPMT @K GCTK fcrfulgtcmh kh lg pghtgllg. Kl pctc`m hm sk puk`k chbcdcr lg tkflg sclkhfcg GLGTIGV. Fg`g vkz quk sk `k gftcvg lg glgrig `k egllm `k imtmr `k lg chfudg`mrg sk gpgogrç gutmiçtcfgikhtk tm`ms lms scstkigs `k fmhtrml skrvm.  PKI^KTGP[TG: 7>) Glgrig `k gcrk fglckhtk Kstg glgrig sk gftcvg fugh`m lg tkipkrgturg kh kl chtkrcmr `k lg fúpulg ks fmh `cekrkhfcg kl glfgl`k 7.>ºF kh Tklgfcöh g lg tkipkrgturg `kskg`g (sölm pgrg kl im`m GCTK). G`kiçs `k lg glkrtg smhmrg, bgdrç uhg ch`cfgfcmh g trgvãs `kl LK@ rmjm kh kl pghkl y kl ikhsgjk GCTK FGLCKHPK kh lg pghtgllg. Lg sk÷gl gu`cdlk puk`k skr chbcdc`g pmr lg llgvk sclkhfcg glgrigs pgrg uh pkrém`m `k 7; ichutms. Gl echgl `k ksk pkrém`m, sc pkrscstk lg fmh`cfcöh e gcrk fglckhtk `k lg glkrtg gu`cdlk `k hukvm sk gftcvgrç. GPKHFCÖH - Kl gftcvgfcöh `k lg glgrig ùrghtk lg utclczgfcmh hmrigl pgrg lgroms pkrém`ms `k tckipm puk`k imstrgr gloúh tcpm `k prmdlkig tãfhcfm. Vc kstm mfurrk dusfgr uh prmvkk`mr `k skrvcfcm gutmrczg`m. 77) Glgrig `k gcrk ercm Kstg glgrig sk gftcvg fugh`m lg tkipkrgturg kh kl chtkrcmr `k lg fúpulg ks fmh `cekrkhfcg Glfgl`k 7,> ¾ F pmr `kdgjm `k lg tkipkrgturg `kskg`g (sölm pgrg kl im`m GCTK). G`kiçs `k lg glkrtg smhmrg, bgdrç uhg ch`cfgfcmh g trgvãs `k LK@ rmjm kh kl pghkl y kl ikhsgjk `k gcrk erém kh lg pghtgllg. Lg sk÷gl gu`cdlk puk`k skr chbcdc`g pmr ?; lg llgvk sclkhfcg glgrigs pgrg uh pkrém`m `k 7; ichutms. Gl echgl `k ksk pkrém`m, sc pkrscstk lg fmh`cfcöh e gcrk fglckhtk `k lg glkrtg gu`cdlk `k hukvm g eukom. GPKHFCÖH - Kl gftcvgfcöh `k lg glgrig ùrghtk lg utclczgfcmh hmrigl pgrg lgroms pkrém`ms `k tckipm puk`k imstrgr gloúh tcpm `k prmdlkig tãfhcfm. Vc kstm mfurrk dusfgr uh prmvkk`mr `k skrvcfcm gutmrczg`m. 74) Glgrig skhsmr `k TH `ksfmhkftg`m Kstg glgrig sk gftcvg fg`g vkz quk kl skhsmr TH sk `ksfmhkftg `kl iöùlm `k skhsmr (pmr kl usugrcm m pmr gffc`khtk), ickhtrgs quk lg chfudg`mrg kstç trgdgjgh`m kh kl im`m `k TH. Kh kstg fmh`cfcöh e, TH pghtgllg ch`cfgrç lg tkipkrgturg, y hm euhfcmhgrç kh kl im`m `k TH gsuickh`m `k emrig gutmiçtcfg pgrg kl im`m GT. G`kiçs `k lg glkrtg smhmrg, bgdrç uhg ch`cfgfcmh g trgvãs `kl LK@ rmjm kh kl pghkl y TH ikhsgjk VKHVMT TH kh lg pghtgllg. Lg sk÷gl gu`cdlk puk`k skr chbcdc`g pmr lg llgvk sclkhfcg GLGTIGV. 76) Glgrig egllg kh lm skhsmr TH Kstg glgrig sk gftcvg fugh`m kl skhsmr `k TH ks `kekftumsm fugh`m sk mpkrg kh kl im`m `k TH (egllm `k uh fmipmhkhtk, uh fmrtmfcrfuctm m fcrfuctm gdckrtm). Kstg glgrig sk ch`cfg ik`cghtk uh LK@ rmjm sctug`m kh kl pghkl `k fmhtrml, kl egllm `k vcsuglczgfcöh `k ikhsgjks kh kl TH VKHVMT k uhg glkrtg gu`cdlk. ^grg chbcdcr lg glgrig prkscmhk kl dmtöh sclkhfcg GLGTIG. 70) Glgrig bcpkrtkricg Kstg glgrig sk gftcvg sölm pgrg kl im`m T^H k sk gftcvg fg`g vkz quk lg `cekrkhfcg khtrk lg tkipkrgturg `kskg`g kstgdlkfc`g pmr kl usugrcm y lg tkipkrgturg `kl rkfcãh hgfc`m g lg glfgl`ég `k 7.> ¾ F. G`kiçs `k lg glkrtg gu`cdlk, bgdrç ch`cfgfcmh vcsugl g trgvãs `kl LK@ rmjm kh kl ikhsgjk `kl pghkl y lg bcpkrtkricg kh lg pghtgllg. Kl mpkrg`mr puk`k chbcdcr kl zuidg`mr ùrghtk uh pkrém`m `k 7; ichutms pulsgh`m lms dmtmhks GLGTIGV sclkhfcg. Gl echgl `k ksk pkrém`m, sc pkrscstk kl pgfckhtk Fmh`cfcöh bcpkrtkricg, vmlvkrç g gftcvgrsk lg glgrig. 7;) Glgrig bcpmtkricg Kstg glgrig sk gftcvg sölm pgrg kl im`m `k TH k sk gftcvg fg`g vkz quk lg `cekrkhfcg khtrk lg tkipkrgturg `kskg`g kstgdlkfc`g pmr kl usugrcm y lg tkipkrgturg `kl rkfcãh hgfc`m g lg glfgl`ég `k 7,> ¾ F pmr `kdgjm `k lg tkipkrgturg `kskg`g y prmorgig`g.Glãi lg glkrtg gu`cdlk, sch ch`cfgfcmh vcsugl g trgvãs `kl lK@ rmjm kh kl pghkl y kl ikhsgjk `k bcpmtkricg kh lg pghtgllg. Kl mpkrg`mr puk`k chbcdcr kl zuidg`mr ùrghtk uh pkrém`m `k 7; ichutms pulsgh`m lms dmtmhks GLGTIGV sclkhfcg. Gl echgl `k ksk pkrém`m, sc pkrscstk lg fmh`cfcöh e bcpmtkricg `kl pgfckhtk, vmlvkrç g gftcvgrsk lg glgrig. 75) Glgrig `k smdrkfglkhtgickhtm ^grg igymr skourc`g`, kl skhsmr `k lg klkftröhcfg y `k lg tkipkrgturg, rkspmhsgdlk `k `kskhfg`khgr kstg glgrig smh tkrimstgtm fmh icfrmprmfksg`mr ch`kpkh`ckhtk. Fg`g vkz quk sk gftcvg lg glgrig `k smdrkfglkhtgickhtm `k lg chfudg`mrg sk gpgogrç gutmiçtcfgikhtk tm`ms lms scstkigs `k fmhtrml `k skrvm. Fugh`m `kl rmjm chtkrcmr lg fúpulg kxfk`g`k `ksmdrkfglkhtgickhtm 0> ¾ F. G`kiçs `k glkrtg smhmrg, ch`cfgfcöhlggtkipkrgturg trgvãs `kl LK@ kh kl`kpghkl y kl ikhsgjk kh lg lg pghtgllg. Völm lgbgdrç sk÷gluhg `k smhc`m puk`k skr chbcdc`g pmr dmtöh sclkhfcg GLGTIGV, kl LK@ rmjm kh kl pghkl y kl ikhsgjk kh lg pghtgllg `k sk÷glczgfcöh `k lg glgrig fmhtchuö. Kstgs Ch`cfgfcmhks pkrighkfkh bgstg quk lg tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk `k 63ºF quk pkrictk uhg ikhmr rkscstkhfcg y `k hukvm ightkhckh`m `k kstg ighkrg. ^grg sglcr `k lg Fmh`cfcöh `k glgrig `k smdrkfglkhtgickhtm `k hukvm `kdk prkscmhgr kl dmtöh sclkhfcg GLGTIG. GPKHFCÖH - [tclcfk lg chfudg`mrg kh gidckhtks fmh gltgs tkipkrgturgs, lg kxpmscfcöh `crkftg g lg luz smlgr, lçipgrgs chfgh`ksfkhtks, fmlfbmhks tãricfms y lg emtmtkrgpcg puk`k prmvmfgr lg gftcvgfcöh `k kstg glgrig.  B[IK@G@ (M^FCMHGL): 7?) Glgrig hcvkl dgjm `k goug Kstg glgrig sk gftcvg fugh`m kl scstkig kstç Khfkh`c`m buic`cecfgfcöh y kl hcvkl `k goug `kl `kpösctm kstç pmr `kdgjm `kl hcvkl iéhcim. Fugh`m sk gftcvg lg glgrig `k hcvkl dgjm, lg mdlkg pckzmklãftrcfg sk gpgog y sk `ksgftcvgrç kl scstkig `k buic`cecfgfcöh fmhtrmlg`g skrvm. G`kiçs `k lg glkrtg smhmrg, bgdrç uhg ch`cfgfcmh g ?5 trgvãs `k LK@ rmjm kh kl pghkl y kl ikhsgjk DGJM HCUKL @K GO[G kh lg pghtgllg. Lg glgrig puk`k skr chbcdc`g pmr tkflg sclkhfcg GLGTIGV. 72) Glgrig buik`g` GLPG Kstg glgrig sk gftcvg fugh`m kl scstkig kstç Khfkh`c`m buic`cecfgfcöh y kl hcvkl `k goug `kl `kpösctm kstç pmr `kdgjm `kl hcvkl iéhcim. Fugh`m sk gftcvg lg glgrig `k hcvkl dgjm, lg mdlkg pckzmklãftrcfg sk gpgog y sk `ksgftcvgrç kl scstkig `k buic`cecfgfcöh fmhtrmlg`g skrvm. G`kiçs `k lg glkrtg smhmrg, bgdrç uhg ch`cfgfcmh g trgvãs `k LK@ rmjm kh kl pghkl y kl ikhsgjk DGJM HCUKL @K GO[G kh lg pghtgllg. Lg glgrig puk`k skr chbcdc`g pmr tkflg sclkhfcg GLGTIGV. 73) Glgrig buik`g` DGJG Kstg glgrig sk gftcvg fg`g vkz quk lg Buik`g` rklgtcvg ch`cfg`m kh kl `csplgy ks fmh uhg `cekrkhfcg glfgl`k quk kl 7;% pmr `kdgjm `kl vglmr `kskg`m ecjg`m pmr kl mpkrg`mr `k lg chfudg`mrg. G`kiçs `k lg glkrtg smhmrg, bgdrç uhg ch`cfgfcmh g trgvãs `kl LK@ rmjm kh kl pghkl y kl ikhsgjk Buik`g` DGJG lg pghtgllg. Kl mpkrg`mr puk`k chbcdcr kl zuidg`mr ùrghtk uh pkrém`m `k 7; ichutms pulsgh`m lms dmtmhks GLGTIGV sclkhfcg. Gl echgl `k ksk pkrém`m, sc pkrscstk lg fmh`cfcöh e `k Buik`g` DGJG, vmlvkrç g gftcvgrsk lg glgrig. 4>) Glgrig egllg kh kl skhsmr [T Kstg glgrig sk gftcvg fugh`m kl skhsmr `k Buik`g` udcfg`m `khtrm `kl rkfcãh hgfc`m egllg kh kl fmipgrtcickhtm `k lg lkfturg. G`kiçs `k lg glkrtg smhmrg, bgdrç uhg ch`cfgfcmh g trgvãs `k LK@ rmjm kh kl pghkl y kl ikhsgjk `k egllm kh kl skhsmr `k buik`g` rklgtcvg kh lg pghtgllg. Kstg glgrig hm puk`k skr sclkhfcg`g pmr kl sclkhfcm tkflg GLGTIG.  MRÉOKHM (M^FCMHGL): 47) Glgrig fmhfkhtrgfcöh mxéokhm Kstg glgrig gltg sk gftcvg fugh`m kl `k hcvkl `k mxéokhm sk ch`cfg kh lg pghtgllg fmh uhg `cekrkhfcg glfgl`k quk kl ;% pmr khfcig `kl vglmr `kskg`m ecjg`m pmr kl mpkrg`mr `k lg chfudg`mrg. G`kiçs `k lg glkrtg smhmrg, bgdrç uhg ch`cfgfcmh g trgvãs `kl LK@ rmjm kh kl pghkl y kl ikhsgjk GLPG @K MRÉOKHM kh lg pghtgllg. Kl mpkrg`mr puk`k chbcdcr kl zuidg`mr ùrghtk uh pkrém`m `k 7; ichutms pulsgh`m lms dmtmhks GLGTIGV sclkhfcg. Gl echgl `k ksk pkrém`m, sc pkrscstk lg fmh`cfcöh e mxéokhm `k gltg, vmlvkrç g gftcvgrsk lg glgrig. 44) Glgrig dgjg fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k mxéokhm Kstg glgrig sk gftcvgrç fugh`m kl hcvkl `k mxéokhm sk ch`cfg kh lg pghtgllg fmh uhg `cekrkhfcg Igymr quk ;% pmr `kdgjm `kl vglmr `kskg`m ecjg`m pmr kl mpkrg`mr `k lg chfudg`mrg. G`kiçs `k lg glkrtg smhmrg, bgdrç uhg ch`cfgfcöh g trgvãs `kl LK@ rmjm kh kl pghkl y kl ikhsgjk dgjms `k mxéokhm kh lg pghtgllg. Kl mpkrg`mr puk`k chbcdcr kl zuidg`mr ùrghtk uh pkrém`m `k 7; ichutms pulsgh`m lms dmtmhks GLGTIGV sclkhfcg. Gl echgl `k ksk pkrém`m, sc pkrscstk lg fmh`cfcöh e `kl mxéokhm bgfcg gdgjm, vmlvkrç g gftcvgrsk lg glgrig. 46) Glgrig egllg hm skhsmr `k mxéokhm Kstg glgrig sk gftcvg fugh`m bgy uhg `cekrkhfcg kh lg lkfturg khtrk lms `ms skhsmrks `k mxéokhm chstglg`gs kh kl chtkrcmr `kl fmipgrtcikhtm `kl dkdã. Gl pulsgr lg kl glgrig sk `ktkh`rç gutmiçtcfgikhtk mxéokhm khtrg`g kh kl fmipgrtcickhtm `kl rkfcãh hgfc`m y sk `ksgftcvgrç scstkig `k mxéokhm fmhtrmlg`m skrvm. G`kiçs `k lg glkrtg smhmrg, bgdrç uhg ch`cfgfcöh g trgvãs `k LK@ rmjm kh kl pghkl y kl ikhsgjk `k egllm `kl skhsmr `k M4 kh lg pghtgllg. Kl mpkrg`mr puk`k chbcdcr lg glgrig pulsgh`m kl dmtöh sclkhfcg GLGTIG, kstg fmh`cfcöh e sölm kl ikhsgjk "Krrmr `kl skhsmr `k M4" sk ightuvm kh lg pghtgllg. 40) Glgrig fglcdrgfcöh rkqukrc`g Kstg glgrig ch`cfg quk kl skhsmr `k mxéokhm `kdk skr fglcdrg`m `k ighkrg quk kl skrvm fmhtrml sk puk`k utclczgr y sk imstrgrç fg`g 7> `égs, m sc kl scstkig c`khtcecfg lg hkfksc`g`. Gl pulsgr lg glgrig sk `ktkh`rç gutmiçtcfgikhtk mxéokhm khtrg`g kh kl fmipgrtcickhtm `kl rkfcãh hgfc`m y kl scstkig `k skrvm fmhtrmlg`m mxéokhm. G`kiçs `k lg glkrtg smhmrg, bgdrç uhg ch`cfgfcöh g trgvãs `kl LK@ rmjm kh kl pghkl y kl ikhsgjk FGLCDTGT M4 kh lg pghtgllg. Kl mpkrg`mr puk`k chbcdcr kl zuidg`mr pulsgh`m lgs GLGTIGV dmtöh Vclkhfcm. Vc mxéokhm scstkig hm kstç fglcdrg`m y kl mpkrg`mr chtkhtg bgfkr euhfcmhgr kl skrvm fmhtrml `k M4, lg glgrig sk okhkrg `k hukvm.  MRCIKPTÉG (M^FCMHGL): 4;) Glgrig skhsmr `k mxciktrég `ksfmhkftg`m Kstg glgrig sk gftcvg fg`g vkz quk bgy uhg fckrtg ik`c`g vglc`g VpM4 y DÎ, y bgy uhg `ksfmhkxcöh Kqucpgickhtm fgdlk `kl skhsmr (pmr kl mpkrg`mr m pmr gffc`khtk). G`kiçs `k lg glkrtg smhmrg, bgdrç uhg ?? ch`cfgfcmh g trgvãs `kl LK@ rmjm kh kl pghkl y kl ikhsgjk V^M4 skhsmr `ksfmhkftg`m kh lg pghtgllg. Kl mpkrg`mr puk`k chbcdcr lg glgrig pulsgh`m kl dmtöh GLGTIG iu`ms. 45) Glgrig skhsmr `k mxciktrég `ksglmjg`m Kstg glgrig sk gftcvg fg`g vkz quk bgy uhg fckrtg ik`c`g vglc`g VpM4 y DÎ, y kl skhsmr kstç igl fmlmfg`m m gelmjgr. G`kiçs `k lg glkrtg smhmrg, bgdrç uhg ch`cfgfcöh g trgvãs `k LK@ rmjm kh kl pghkl y kl ikhsgjk skhsmr `k VpM4 `ksglmjg`m lg pghtgllg. Kl mpkrg`mr puk`k chbcdcr kl zuidg`mr pulsgh`m lms dmtmhks Iutk GLGTIGV. 4?) Glgrig GLPG V^M4 Kstg glgrig sk gftcvg fugh`m kl pmrfkhtgjk `k VpM4 lké`m pmr kl skhsmr `k mxciktrég kstç pmr khfcig `kl léictk içxcim kstgdlkfc`m pmr kl usugrcm. G`kiçs `k lg glkrtg smhmrg, bgdrç uhg ch`cfgfcöh g trgvãs `kl LK@ rmjm kh kl pghkl y kl ikhsgjk V^M4 GLPG kh lg pghtgllg. Kl mpkrg`mr puk`k chbcdcr kl zuidg`mr ùrghtk uh pkrém`m `k 4 ichutms, prkscmhgh`m lg tkflg Vclkhfcm GLGTIG. Gl echgl `k ksk pkrém`m, sc pkrscstk lg fmh`cfcöh e GLPG V^M4 `kl pgfckhtk, vmlvkrç g gftcvgrsk lg glgrig. 42) Glgrig DGJG V^M4 Kstg glgrig sk gftcvg fugh`m kl pmrfkhtgjk `k VpM4 lké`m pmr kl skhsmr `k mxciktrég kstç pmr `kdgjm `kl léictk iéhcim kstgdlkfc`m pmr kl usugrcm. G`kiçs `k lg glkrtg smhmrg, bgdrç uhg ch`cfgfcöh g trgvãs `k LK@ rmjm kh kl pghkl y kl ikhsgjk DGJG VpM4 kh lg pghtgllg. Kl mpkrg`mr puk`k chbcdcr kl zuidg`mr ùrghtk uh pkrém`m `k 4 ichutms, prkscmhgh`m lg tkflg Vclkhfcm GLGTIG. Gl echgl `k ksk pkrém`m, sc pkrscstk lg fmh`cfcöh e `k V^M4 DGJG `kl pgfckhtk, vmlvkrç g gftcvgrsk lg glgrig. 43) Glgrig gltm DÎ Kstg glgrig sk gftcvg fugh`m lg erkfukhfcg fgr`égfg lké`m pmr kl scstkig `k mxéiktrm kstç pmr khfcig `kl léictk içxcim kstgdlkfc`m pmr kl usugrcm. G`kiçs `k lg glkrtg smhmrg, bgdrç uhg ch`cfgfcöh g trgvãs `k LK@ rmjm kh kl pghkl y kl ikhsgjk GLPG DÎ kh lg pghtgllg. Kl mpkrg`mr puk`k chbcdcr kl zuidg`mr ùrghtk uh pkrém`m `k 4 ichutms, prkscmhgh`m lg tkflg Vclkhfcm GLGTIG. Gl echgl `k ksk pkrém`m, sc pkrscstk lg fmh`cfcöh e DÎ pgfckhtk `k gltm, vmlvkrç g gftcvgrsk lg glgrig. 6>) Glgrig dgjm DÎ Kstg glgrig sk gftcvg fugh`m lg erkfukhfcg fgr`égfg lké`m pmr kl scstkig `k mxéiktrm kstç pmr `kdgjm `kl léictk iéhcim kstgdlkfc`m pmr kl usugrcm. G`kiçs `k lg glkrtg smhmrg, bgdrç uhg ch`cfgfcöh g trgvãs `k LK@ rmjm kh kl pghkl y kl ikhsgjk DGJG DÎ kh lg pghtgllg. Kl mpkrg`mr puk`k chbcdcr kl zuidg`mr ùrghtk uh pkrém`m `k 4 ichutms, prkscmhgh`m lg tkflg Vclkhfcm GLGTIG. Gl echgl `k ksk pkrém`m, sc pkrscstk lg fmh`cfcöh e DGJG DÎ pgfckhtk, vmlvkrç g gftcvgrsk lg glgrig. 74.7 - UKTCECFGFCÖH @K LGV GLGTIGV [tclcfk kl scouckhtk prmfk`cickhtm pgrg fmiprmdgr kl euhfcmhgickhtm `k lgs glgrigs chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk. Ghtks `k fmikhzgr vkrcecfgfcöh gskourgr quk: - Lg chfudg`mrg hm ks pgfckhtk. - TH skhsmr sk `ksfmhkftg `ks`k kl iöùlm `k skhsmr. - Kl fgdlk `k Glcikhtgfcöh fmhkftg`m g lg rk` klãftrcfg. 7- ûlsk kl dmtöh MHkstç kh fmrrkftgikhtk kl pghkl `k fmh fmhtrml trml y fmiprukdk quk lg pgh pghtgllg tgllg sk cluichg y hm Chcfcglczgfcöh scstkig. 4- Vgltgr lg pghtgllg `k fmhecourgfcmh (Uãgsk kl puhtm 7> - K Khh fughtm gl trghspmrtk Ch Chfudg`mrg fudg`mrg - T_P im`klm ^L[V). 6- Gjustk lg tkipkrgturg `kskg`g ppgrg grg kl 6?,>F gcrk. (Fmhsultk lg skffcöh 7>.7 - Vkrvcfcm `k gcrk utclczgfcöh) Gskoúrksk `k quk kl fglkhtgickhtm ks Khfkh`c`m. 0- Kspkrgr kstgdclczgfcöh `k tkipkrgturg. Gdrg lg fúpulg y fmiprmdgr lg tkipkrgturg ch`cfg`g pgrg lg GCTK kh kl pghkl ermhtgl sk fgkrç. Kl gcrk erém `k glgrig `kdk skr gftcvg`g tgh prmhtm fmim lg tkipkrgturg ch`cfg`g pgrg kl GCTK fgk pmr `kdgjm `k 65,>ºF. Fckrrk lg fúpulg `kspuãs `k lg gftcvgfcöh `k lg glgrig. ;- Fmhkftgr kl skhsmr `k TH kh kl iöùlm skhsmr y sklkffcmhgr kl im`m `k TH (vãgsk kl puhtm 7>.4 utclczgfcöh TH im`m). 5- gjustk `k llgg tkipkrgturg `kskg`g pgrg kl im`m `k TH 6?. Fmlmquk kl skhsmr `k TH `cstghfcg `k 7> fi `k gltm kh kl fkhtrm `kl fmlfböh. Kspkrgr Kstgdclczgfcöh `k tkipkrgturg (tkipkrgturg `k TH sk ch`cfg kh lg pghtgllg `kdk kstgr fkrfg `kl vglmr `k lg tkipkrgturg `kskg`g quk ks 6?,>ºF). Ghtks `k fmhtchugr fmh kstg prukdg, gskoúrksk `k quk hm bgy hchouhg glgrig gftcvg`g. ?- Tktcrk kl skhsmr `k TH kh kl chtkrcmr `k lg fúpulg, `kjçh`mlm kxpukstm g lg tkipkrgturg gidckhtk. Fmiprukdk quk sk prmùfk lg gftcvgfcöh `k lg glgrig bcpmtkricg, lm quk `kdkrég mfurrcr fugh`m lg tkipkrgturg ch`cfg`g pgrg lms rkfcãh hgfc`ms ks `k 7,> ¾ F pmr `kdgjm `k llgg tkipkrgturg `kskg`g. ?2 2- Fmlmquk gbmrg TH skhsmr kh uh rkfcpckhtk fmh goug fmh tkipkrgturg supkrcmr g 62,> ¾ F, pmr kjkiplm, goug kxtrgé`g `k uh orcem fmh fglkhtg`mr m ùfbg klãftrcfg. Fmiprukdk quk mfurrk Klkvgfcöh `k tkipkrgturg TH ch`cfg`m pmr kl iöùlm `k fmhtrml. Lg glgrig Lg bcpkrtkricg sk `kdk gftcvgr fugh`m lg tkipkrgturg ch`cfg`g pgrg TH kh lg pghtgllg ks `k 7,> ¾ F pmr khfcig `k lg tkipkrgturg `kskg`g. Kh kstk Vctugfcöh Fglkhtgickhtm `kl ch`cfg`mr `kdk skr `kskhfkh`c`m. 3- @ksfmhkftgr kl iöùlm skhsmr skhsmr `k TH y fmiprmdgr lg gftcvgfcöh `k lg glgrig Vkhsmr `k TH @ksfmhkftg`m.. @ksfmhkftg`m 7>- @ksfmhkftk m fgdm `kl iöùlm `k skhsmrks. Ukrcecquk m gffcmhgickhtm `k lg glgrig Iöùlm `k Vkhsmrks @ksfmhkftg`m. 77- 77- Fmhkftgr kl fgdlk `kl iöùlm `k skhsmr y `kvmlvkr lg chfudg`mrg pgrg kl eeuhfcmhgickhtm uhfcmhgickhtm `k GT. 74- 74- Kh kl pghkl ermhtgl `k lg chfudg`mrg, sklkffcmhk lg fmh`cfcöh e kh kl im`m "GCTK", y gjustgr lg tkipkrgturg `k 65,>ºF. @kjk quk kl scstkig sk kstgdclcfk ùrghtk gprmxcig`gikhtk 6> ichutms. @kspuãs `k kstk kstgdclczgfcöh mdstrucr lg khtrg`g m sglc`g `k vkhtclgfcöh `k lg dgh`kjg `k lg chfudg`mrg. Kh kl rghom `k 7; g 74> skouh`ms, gffcmhgrç lgs glgrigs smhmrgs y vcsuglks `k Fcrfulgfcöh `k Gcrk. Gcrk. @ksmdstrucr lg pgsgjk `k gcrk. 76- 76- Fugh`m hm kstç chtkorg`m mxciktrég `k pulsm, fmhkftgr kl skhsmr `k mxciktrég `k fgdlk y lg pmscfcöh `kl skhsmr kh lg supkrecfck `k lg pckl (`k`m) .Fugh`m lg pghtgllg iukstrg lms vglmrks `k lkfturg `kl skhsmr `k `ksfmhkftgr kl fgdlk `kl iöùlm skhsmr. Gskoúrksk `k quk lg glgrig Vkhsmr `k Mxciktrég @ksfmhkftg`m ks gffcmhg`m. 70- 70- Vc bgy Buik`g` skrvm-fmhtrmlg`m, mpkrgr kl scstkig `k buic`cecfgfcöh, gjustgh`m kl vglmr `kskg`m `k 3>% buik`g`.Ksvgzck tm`ms lms scstkigs `k buic`cecfgfcöh g trgvãs `kl `ksgoük. Gskoúrksk `k quk lg glgrig Hcvkl Dgjm `k Goug ks gffcmhg`m. 7;- @ksfmhkftk kl fgdlk `k glcikhtgfcöh `k lg rk` klãftrcfg. Gskoúrksk `k quk lg glgrig `k egllm `k glcikhtgfcöh sk gftcvg. 75- ûlsk lg tkflg `k gpgog`m kh kl pghkl `k fmhtrml. 7?- Vc glouhg `k lgs prukdgs quk sk `ksfrcdkh hm `g luogr g lg gftcvgfcöh `k lgs glgrigs, smlcfctgr uhg vcsctg `k lg gscstkhfcg tãfhcfg içs pröxcim. Hmtg: - ^grg ogrghtczgr lg skourc`g` `kl pgfckhtk, rkglczgr kstk prmfk`cickhtm vkrcecfgfcöh `k lgs glgrigs skighglks. - Lg vkrcecfgfcöh `k lgs glgrigs hm ogrghtczg kl pkrekftm euhfcmhgickhtm `k Kqucpgickhtm. Lg tkipkrgturg `k fglcdrgfcöh y prmdgr glouhgs `k lgs glgrigs puk`kh skr rkglczg`gs úhcfgikhtk pmr kl skrvcfcm `k ogrghtég gutmrczg`m. Khvék su chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk pgrg rkvcscmhks pkrcö`cfgs kh chtkrvglms hm supkrcmrks g 5 iksks. 76 - IGH[PKHFCÖ I GH[PKHFCÖH H @kspuãs `k lg kjkfufcöh `k fuglquckr prmfk`cickhtm `k Ighutkhfcöh, gskourgr quk kl Kqucpgickhtm k sus glgrigs kstçh kh pkrekftgs Fmh`cfcmhks `k trgdgjm, `k gfukr`m fmh kl prmfk`cickhtm `ksfrctm kh kl puhtm 74.7 vkrcecfgfcöh `k Glgrigs. Gskoúrksk `k quk sckiprk Ighutkhfcöh skr rkglczg`g pmr pkrsmhgl fuglcecfg`m fmh emrigfcöh kh lg eçdrcfg y lgs pckzgs `k rkpmscfcöh utclczg`ms smh mrcochglks. Ukr puhtm Kspkfcecfgfcmhks Pãfhcfgs m fmhtgftk fmh kl fkhtrm `k skrvcfcm gutmrczg`m içs fkrfghm pgrg Chemrigfcmhks içs `ktgllg`gs smdrk prkvkhtcvm y fmrrkftcvm Ighutkhfcöh, pgrtks, ksqukigs klãftrcfms y klkftröhcfms y lg emrigfcöh tãfhcfg. GPKHFCÖH - Völm kl pkrsmhgl fuglcecfg`m y gutmrczg`m pmr lg eçdrcfg `kdkh llkvgr g fgdm lms prmfk`cickhtms `k ighutkhfcöh y rkvcscöh `k lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk. - ^grg kvctgr lg pmscdclc`g` `k lg gpgrcfcöh `k qukigùrgs ickhtrgs sk kstç rkglczgh`m lg Ighutkhfcöh chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk, gskoúrksk `k quk lg rk` ks Kqucpgickhtm `kskhfkh`c`m k kl suichcstrm `k gcrk y mxéokhm kstç fkrrg`m m `ksfmhkftg`m. 76.7 - IGH[PKHFCÖH ^TKUKHPCUG    Ightkhkr kl trghspmrtk Chfudg`mrg - im`klm T_P ^L[V pkrictk quk kl usug usugrcm rcm y kl pkquk÷m pgfckhtk uhg Kqucpgickhtm plkhm euhfcmhgickhtm sch Tcksom pgrg gidms. ^grg uhg ikjmr Fmhskrvgfcöh `kl glfgl`k Kqucpgickhtm y skourc`g` `kl pgfckhtk ghtks `k lg chfudg`mrg rkfcdk uh hukvm rkfcãh hgfc`m, kl mpkrg`mr `k lg chfudg`mrg `kdk skoucr kl prmfk`cickhtm: Tkglczgr lg lcipckzg k Gfukr`m gsãptcfg fmh lgs mrckhtgfcmhks `k kstk ighugl. Fmhtrml `k lg fgrog `k lg dgtkrég g trgvãs `k lg scouckhtk prukdg: llgigr g lg chfudg`mrg y sklkffcmhk kl vglmr `k gjustk içxcim pgrg lg tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk. @ksfmhkftk kl fgdlk `k glcikhtgfcöh ùrghtk gl ?3       ikhms 7> ichutms. Ukrcecquk g msfclgfcöh `m ch`cfg`mr `k fgrog `g dgtkrég. @urghtk ksk pkrém`m, m fglkhtgickhtm `g chfudg`mrg `kdk pkrighkfkr gffcmhg`m. Kh fgsm `k [hg `k msfclgfcöh pmr Khfcig `kl 4>%, kh kkstgs stgs ^mlétcfgs `k Kstms sc mdskrvgh, Llgik gl tãfhcfm gutmrczg`m pgrg gvglugfcöh Dgtkrég y scstkig `k fgrog `k lg MH[ `m. Chspkffcmhgr Kl Ermhtgl lgtkrgl y tgpgs `k fúpulg `k gfrélcfm, fmh Gtkhfcöh kspkfcgl pgrg Prgdgjgr ikfghcsim @kdk ightkhkr lgs tgpgs fkrrg`gs, chfluc`ms @kspuãs `k lg Gplcfgfcöh `k Khkroég Bgfcg kl chtkrcmr `k su fúpulg. fmiprmdgr v su ch chfudg`mrg fudg`mrg `k Kstgdclc`g` Chtkhtgh`m `ksplgzgrlm fmh lms erkhms `k lgs fugtrm ruk`gs imtrcfks. Fmiprmdgr kl euhfcmhgickhtm `kl ikfghcsim `k gjustk `k glturg Vmpmrtk, lm quk prmvmfö lg Mdrg y prkscmhgh`m lg chfudg`mrg bgfcg gdgjm. @kspuãs `k glfghzgr kl tckipm iéhcim `k vkrcecfgr kl Vmpmrtk pkrighkfk Prgdg`m kstg pmscfcöh. Fmiprmdgr lms fclch`rms `kl imtmr trgdgjm ik`cghtk lg gplcfgfcöh `k uhg eukrzg kh lg `crkffcöh `k lg fudktg, sk `kdkh ightkhkr lms fclch`rms `k lms prksms. ^grg vkrcecfgfcöh `k Glgrigs vãgsk kl puhtm 74 - Euhfcmhgickhtm `k Glgrigs. Lkfbm Kl lkfbm `k lg chfudg`mrg `kdk skr rkvcsg`g fg`g skcs iksks pgrg gskourgr uh euhfcmhgickhtm fmrrkftm. Okrkhtk `kdk bgfkr lm scouckhtk: - Gdrcr kl lg`m tgpg lg fúpulg y tcrk `kl lkfbm g fgdm. Fmiprukdk quk kl trgdgjm sk `kskhfg`khg ghtks `k lkfbm tmtglikhtk eukrg `k lg dövk`g chtkrcmr. - Fmiprmdgr quk kl lkfbm hm iukstrg `kemrigfcmhks m pckzgs rmtgs. - Fmiprmdgr quk kl fmlfböh kstç kh dukhgs fmh`cfcmhks, fmh su fudckrtg `k plçstcfm sch pckzgs rmtgs m fmsc`m,. Vmpmrtk Kl gpmym `k lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk `kdk skr rkvcsg`g fg`g skcs iksks pgrg ogrghtczgr su euhfcmhgickhtm. Okrkhtk `kdk bgfkr lm scouckhtk: - Fmiprmdgr quk tm`gs lgs pckzgs kstçh dckh ecjg`gs VM^MTPK. Fmhtrmlgr kl gprcktk `k lms tmrhcllms `k ecjgfcöh. - Fmiprmdgr kl euhfcmhgickhtm `k lgs ruk`gs sc ocrgh lcdrkikhtk y quk lms erkhms kstçh euhfcmhgh`m g`kfug`gikhtk. - Fmiprmdgr kl gjustk `k glturg `k trgdgjm kstç trgdgjgh`m. - Fmiprmdgr kl gjustk `k glturg `k lg uhc`g` sc lms gimrtcoug`mrks kstçh `g÷g`ms kl imvcickhtm `k `ksfkhsm m guikhtm puk`k pgrkfkr kxfkscvgikhtk `ceéfcl. Fukrpm - Fmiprukdk quk kl fukrpm `k lg chfudg`mrg tckhk uh usm hmrigl. Hm `kdk bgdkr rmtm m qukdrg`m pgrtks, kspkfcglikhtk kh lms puhtms `k ecjgfcöh `kl iöùlm `k fúpulg y fmhtrml. Fúpulg - fmiprukdk quk lg chfudg`mrg fúpulg `k gfrélcfm prkskhtg uh usm hmrigl. Hm `kdk bgdkr gorcktg`m m rmtm pckzgs. Pkstk `ms Gftug`mrks Chtrmùzfg lms gftug`mrks `k pghtgllg `k prukdg fmh kl fö`com `k gffksm 4272. @kspuãs `k kstçh chtrmùfcr kl fö`comigrfg`m `k 4272,MEE, lg pghtgllg lg prukdg lms gftug`mrks `kl scstkig. Pm`ms M^FCMHKV `ksgftcvg`ms, tgl fmimpgrg sk iukstrg kh `k lg Ecourg 747. ^grg bgdclctgr lgs M^FCMHKV `kskg`gs: - Ocrgr kl dmtöh pgrg sklkffcmhgr lg Mpfcöh `k ocrm quk `kskg bgdclctgr lg fmluihg MH. - ûlsgr kl dmtöh pgrg sklkffcmhgr ocrm y Mpfcöh sklkffcmhg`g khgdlk. - ^grg sglcr `k lg pghtgllg sk gpgouk kl Kqucpgickhtm prkscmhgh`m kl dmtöh MH / MEE. Ecourg 747 - Pklg pgrg tkstk `ms gftug`mrks 2> - Ukrcecquk kl gffcmhgickhtm `kl mxéokhm, fgsm tkhog: Gl oc ocrgr rgr kl igh`m `k ocrm bgstg quk kl fursmr llkog g lg Mpfcöh kh MH kl mxéokhm. • ûlsk kl dmtöh pgrg sklkffcmhgr lg Mpfcöh `k ocrm y bgdclctgr mxéokhm. • Gskoúrksk `k quk kstç sckh`m llcdkrg`m cdkrg`m kl mxéokhm g trgvãs `kl ruc`m. • Fmhsultk fmh uh iultéiktrm sc bgy PKHVCMH gprmxcig`gikhtk 7; U FF kh kl dus, fmim kl `c `cgorgig gorgig • `k fgdlkg`m G-7 bgstg 45;?. - Ukrcecquk kl gffcmhgickhtm `k lggrrcdg buik`g`: ^rmfk`kr grtéfulm fmim pgrg Buik`g`. • Vc kl `kpösctm chtkrhm kstç llkhm, sk puk`k ksfufbgr kl dmrdmtkm `kl goug. • Vc kl `kpösctm chtkrhm kstç vgfég, llgg dmidg `k icfrm sk gftcvgrç pgrg llkhgr kl `kpösctm. • Fmhsultk fmh uh iultéiktrm sc bgy tkhsmr 45 U FF kh kl dus, fmim kl `cgorgig `k fgdlkg`m G-7-45;?. • - Ukrcecquk kl gffcmhgickhtm `k lg fcrfulgfcöh `k gcrk kh lg fúpulg: ^rmfk`kr grtéfulm fmim grrcdg pgrg fcrfulgfcöh • Kl imtmr `k Fcrfulgfcöh sk `cspgrgrç y fmikhzgr g ocrgr kh skhtc`m bmrgrcm. • - Ukrcecquk kl gffcmhgickhtm `kl rklã `k skourghzg: ^rmfk`kr grtéfulm fmim grrcdg pgrg rklã `k skourc`g` • Vk ksfufbgrç lg gftcvgfcöh `kl rklã `k skourc`g` sc kstç euhfcmhgh`m fmrrkftgikhtk. • - Ukrcecquk kl gffcmhgickhtm `k lg rkscstkhfcg Fmh Kqucpgickhtm Khfkh`c`m Glcikhtgfcöh `k lg rk`. • • Bgdclctgr kl `cspmsctcvm `k skourc`g`, yygg quk lms grtéfulms ghtkrcmrks. Bgdclctgr y lukom lg rkscstkhfcg fmim lms klkikhtms ghtkrcmrks • [stk` fmikhzgrç g prmùfcrsk fglkhtgickhtm rkscstkhfcg. • Fmhsultk fmh uh iultéiktrm, lg tkhscöh `k 7; UFF tkhsc tkhscöh öh `kl dus `k lg rkscstkhfcg 7;U`f fmim • ksqukig klãftrcfm G-7-45;?. Fmhsultk fmh uh iultéiktrm sc kl dgsgikhtm 74U`f tkhscöh fmh lg rkscstkhfcg ks >UFF fmim ksqukig • klãftrcfm G-7-45;?. @ksfmhkftgr kl fgdlk `k rk` Glcikhtgfcöh. • Fmhsultk fmh uh iultéiktrm sc lg rkscstkhfcg ks 7;U`f tkhscöh `k dus fmh >UFF fmim ksqukig • klãftrcfm G-7-45;?. Fmhsultk fmh uh iultéiktrm, lg tkhscöh `k 74 U FF tkhscöh `kl dus `k lg rkscstkhfcg 74U`f fmim • ksqukig klãftrcfm G-7-45;?. Tkvcscöh pkrcö`cfg - Vk rkfmickh`g quk lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk pgsgh pmr rkvcscmhks pkrcö`cfgs fglcdrgfcöh fg`g 5 iksks kh uh fkhtrm `k skrvcfcm gutmrczg`m Mlc`ke. 76.4 - IGH[PKHFCÖH ^KTCÖ@CFG Kl mpkrg`mr `k lg içquchg `kdk fmiprmdgr lms scouckhtks klkikhtms pgrg gskourgr kl fmrrkftm euhfcmhgickhtm `k lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk. ^GTPKV KRGICHG@GV Vkhsmr `k TH Lçipgrg `k cluichgfcöh guxclcgr Fkrrgickhtm `k lms pmrtcllms Gdkrturg k trgdgickhtm `k lgs tgpgs ermhtgl k lgtkrgl `k lg fúpulg eéscfm `kl fmlfböh Kstg`m Ikfghcsim `k gjustk `k glturg `kl smpmrtk `k lg chfudg`mrg Prgdg `k ecjgfcöh `k lg fúpulg ^KTÉM@M @K IGH[PKHFCÖH Pm`g vkz quk utclczgr kl kqucpgickhtm G fg`g 4 iksks G fg`g 4 iksks G fg`g 4 iksks Pm`g vkz quk utclczgr m kqucpgickhtm KRKF[FCÖH [sugrcm Pãfhcfm Pãfhcfm Pãfhcfm G fg`g 4 iksks [sugrcm Pãfhcfm G fg`g 4 iksks Pãfhcfm 27 Hcvkl `k fgrog `g dgtkrég Prgdg `k ecjgfcöh `ms fclch`rms Vcstkig `k trgdg `g chfudg`mrg (Gffksmrcm) Ougrhcfcmhks `g fúpulg / pmrtcllms Kspmhjg `k buic`cecfgfcöh Fclch`rms Uçlvulg smlkhmc`k Ighoukrgs `k mxéokhm k buik`g` Ghãcs Mrcho–s mxéokhm k buik`g` Ecltrm `k gcrk Ecltrm rktkhfcöh `k pgrtéfulgs Tkskrvgtmrcm kxtkrhm k chtkrhm Ghtks `k fg`g rkimfcöh `k pgfckhtk [sugrcm Pm`g vkz quk utclczgr m kqucpgickhtm [sugrcm Pm`g vkz quk utclczgr m kqucpgickhtm [sugrcm G fg`g 5 iksks [sugrcm G fg`g 5 iksks [sugrcm G fg`g 74 iksks Pãfhcfm G fg`g 5 iksks Pãfhcfm G fg`g 74 iksks [sugrcm/Pãfhcfm G fg`g 74 iksks Pãfhcfm G fg`g 6 iksks [sugrcm G fg`g 6 iksks [sugrcm G fg`g 74 iksks Pãfhcfm Vustctufcöh `k ^grtks Tkfmikh`gims sustctufcöh pkrcö`cfg `k glouhgs pckzgs quk suerkh `ksogstk, `k gfukr`m fmh lms tãrichms quk sk `ktgllgh kh lg scouckhtk tgdlg. Lms sustctufcmhks `kdkh skr rkglczg`gs pmr pkrsmhgl tãfhcfm fgpgfctg`m. Vckiprk usk pckzgs prmpmrfcmhg`gs pmr Mlc`ke m su skrvcfcm `k ogrghtég gutmrczg`m. V[DVPCP[CFCÖH @K ^KÏGV ^TGZM KRKF[PGHPK Lçipgrg `k cluichgfcöh guxclcgr 74 iksks Pãfhcfm Dgtkrég skllg`g rkfgrogdlk ‖ 74U 72 iksks Pãfhcfm Ighoukrg `k gltg prkscöh 74 iksks [sugrcm Gimrtcoug`mrks `m smpmrtk 40 iksks Pãfhcfm Ecltrm `k gcrk 6 iksks [sugrcm Ecltrm rktkhfcöh `k pgrtéfulgs 6 iksks [sugrcm  Ghãcs Mrcho–s Ighog Crcs `gs vçlvulgs `k mxéokhm Ighog û÷m Gdmeg`m `k GT ^gsg tudms Fmlfböh Kspuig `k buik`g` Fgpg `m fmlfböh Fãlulg `k mxéokhm Dgtkrég Tkfgrogdlk 2,0U ‖ Héqukl Fg`cui 74 iksks 5 iksks 5 iksks 74 iksks 74 iksks 5 iksks 5 iksks 74 iksks 74iksks 74 iksks Pãfhcfm Pãfhcfm Pãfhcfm Pãfhcfm [sugrcm [sugrcm [sugrcm Pãfhcfm Pãfhcfm GPKHFCÖH - Lgs dgtkrégs `kdkh skr sustctuc`gs úhcfgikhtk pmr uh tãfhcfm fkrtcecfg`m pmr lg eçdrcfg. 76.6 - FGIDCM @KL ECLPTM @K GCTK ^grgecltrm rkkiplgzgr kl ecltrm `k gcrk (7),(4)`kskhrmsfgr lms `ms kl echgl `kl fursm y tcrk `kl `k pgrfbk `k prmtkffcöh bgfcg gdgjm.ighuglikhtk Uuklvg g fmlmfgr kl tmrhcllms ecltrm `k (6) gcrkbgstg y `kvmlvkrlg g su pmscfcöh mrcochgl, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 744. Ecourg 744 ‖ Vustctufcöh `kl ecltrm `k gcrk 24 76.0 - FGIDCM @KL ECLPTM @K GCTK @K LG UÇLU[LG @K MRÉOKHM ^GVCUG ^grg rkkiplgzgr kl ecltrm `k gcrk `k lg vçlvulg `k mxéokhm pgscvg, `kskhrmsfgr lg dmqucllg `k khtrg`g `k lg vçlvulg (4) bgstg kl echgl `kl fursm, fuc`g`m `k hm fmrtgr kl ghcllm `k juhtg törcfg. Fgidcgr kl ecltrm `k gcrk (7) y `kvmlvkrlm g sus pmscfcmhks mrcochglks, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 746. Ecourg 746 ‖ Vustctufcöh `m ecltrm `k gcrk 76.; - FGIDCM @KL ECLPTM @K GCTK @K LG UÇLU[LG @K MRÉOKHM LCICPG@MTG ^grg rkkiplgzgr kl ecltrm `k gcrk (7), `kskhrmsfgr lg dmqucllg `k khtrg`g `k lg vçlvulg (4) bgstg kl echgl `kl fursm, fuc`g`m `k hm fmrtgr kl ghcllm `k juhtg törcfg. Uuklvg g fmlmfgr kl ecltrm `k gcrk y `kvmlvkrlg g su pmscfcöh mrcochgl, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 740. Ecourg 740 ‖ Vustctufcöh `m ecltrm `k gcrk 76.5 - FGIDCM @KL VKTUMFMHPTMLG@G ECLPTM @K GCTK GCTK @K LG UÇLU[LG @K MRÉOKHM ^grg rkkiplgzgr kl ecltrm `k gcrk `k lg vçlvulg `k mxéokhm skrvm-fmhtrmlg`m, `kskhrmsfgr lg dmqucllg `k khtrg`g `k lg vçlvulg (6) pmr kl echgl `kl fursm, fuc`g`m `k hm fmrtgr kl ghcllm `k juhtg törcfg. Fgidcgr kl ecltrm `k gcrk (7) y `kvmlvkrlm g sus pmscfcmhks mrcochglks, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 74;. 26 Ecourg 74; ‖ Vustctufcöh `m ecltrm `k gcrk 76.? - TKIMFCÖH @KL ^GHKL @K @K GLCIKHPGFCÖH @K LG CHF[DG@MTG Kstk pghkl ks kl `krkfbm `k lg chfudg`mrg y sk khfukhtrg Llgvk okhkrgl, `csyuhtmrks ichc-2 rkgjustgdlks (E7 / E4), Glcikhtgfcöh guxclcgr `k 74 U FF y Glcikhtgfcöh 74>-46>U ~. ^grg quctgr kl pghkl `k lg Glcikhtgfcöh: - [sk uhg llgvk ^bclcps. - Tktcrgr kl tmrhcllm `k lg pgrtk chekrcmr `kl pghkl `k lg Glcikhtgfcöh `k lg chfudg`mrg, fmim iukstrg lg Ecourg 745. - Tktcrgr lms `ms tmrhcllms kh lg pgrtk supkrcmr `kl pghkl `k Glcikhtgfcöh Chfudg`mrg. Ecourg 745 ‖ Lmfglczgfcöh `k lms tmrhcllms `kl pghkl `k glcikhtgfcöh `g chfudg`mrg 76.2 - TKIMFCÖH @KL ^GHKL ^ GHKL IÖ@[LM @K LMV VKHVMTKV @K L LG G CHF[DG@MTG Kstk pghkl kstç kh kl lg`m czquckr`m `k lg chfudg`mrg y sk khfukhtrg kh lms fmhkftmrks `kl iöùlm `k skhsmr, skhsmr `k TH y skhsmrks `k mxciktrég. ^grg rktcrgr kl iöùlm `kl pghkl `k skhsmrks: - Wuctgr ighuglikhtk kl tmrhcllm imrktkg`m kh lg pgrtk chekrcmr `kl iöùlm `kl pghkl `k lms skhsmrks. - Wuctgr ighuglikhtk lms tmrhcllms kstrcg`ms kh lg pgrtk supkrcmr `kl iöùlm `kl pghkl `k skhsmrks, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 74? y 742. 20 Ecourg 74? ‖ ^ghkl iöùlms `k lms skhsmrks Ecourg 742 ‖ Tkimfcöh `k lms tmrhcllms rkfgrtclbg`ms 76.3 - TKIMFCÖH @M ^GHKL IÖ@[LM @K FMHPTML @G CHF[DG@MTG Kstk pghkl sk khfukhtrg kh lg pgrtk ermhtgl `k lg chfudg`mrg y sk khfukhtrg kh lg pghtgllg `k lg uhc`g` `k pghtgllg tçftcl fmlmr `k ? "`k pghtgllg ghfbg LF@ orçecfm, tkflg`m `k ikidrghg, lms LK@ ch`cfgfcöh rmtgtcvms y dmtöh. ^grg kxtrgkr kl iöùlm `kl pghkl `k fmhtrml: - [sk uhg llgvk ^bclcps. - Tktcrgr kl tmrhcllm kh kl pghkl chekrcmr `kl iöùlm `k fmhtrml, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 743. - Wuctgr lms tmrhcllms quk sk khfukhtrgh kh kl pghkl lgtkrgl `kl iöùlm `k fmhtrml, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 76>. Ecourg 743 ‖ Pmrhcllm chekrcmr `m pghkl iöùlm `k fmhtrml Ecourg 76> ‖ Pmrhcllms lgtkrglks `m pghkl iöùlm `k fmhtrml - Iukvg fmh fuc`g`m kl iöùlm `k fmhtrml `kl pghkl bgfcg `klghtk y rktcrk lms tmrhcllms `k ecjg`mrks y mroghczg`mrks `k fgdlk y lms tmrhcllms ecjg`mrks `k lg`m `kl pghkl gtkrrgickhtm fgdlks, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 767. - @ksfmhkftgr lms fgdlks `kl pghkl g su plkhg Tkimfcöh fmim ecourg 764. 2; Ecourg 767 ‖ Ecjg`mrks `k fgdms Ecourg 764 ‖ Fgdms fmhkftg`ms gm pghkl iöùlm `k fmhtrml 76.7> - FGIDCM @K LG DGPKTÉG @KL TKLÖJ-FGLKH@ÇTCM Kstg dgtkrég ks lg vcsuglczgfcöh `k lg tgrjktg `k fmhtrml kh kl chtkrcmr `kl iöùlm `k fmhtrml. ^grg llkvgr g fgdm kl chtkrfgidcm `k lg dgtkrég: - [sk uhg llgvk ^bclcps. - Gdrcr kl iöùlm `k fmhtrml ik`cghtk lg klcichgfcöh `k lms fugtrm tmrhcllms `k ecjgfcöh sctug`m kh kl lg`m `kl iöùlm, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 766. - Tktcrk lg dgtkrég `k su rkspkftcvg Vmpmrtk fmim ecourg 760. - Chskrtk lg hukvg dgtkrég kh su rkspkftcvg Vmpmrtk `kl tgdlkrm `k fmhtrml. 25 Ecourg 766 ‖ Pmrhcllms lgtkrglks `k ecjgfcöh pgrg gdkrturg `m iöùlm Ecourg 760 ‖ Dgtkrég rklmj-fglkh`grcm 76.77 - TKIMFCÖH @K LG PGTJKPG @K FMHPTML @KL @CV^LGS Kl tgdlkrm `k fmhtrml `k lg pghtgllg kstç `khtrm `kl iöùlm `k fmhtrml. ^grg rktcrgr lg tgrjktg `k fmhtrml: - Tktcrk kl iöùlm `k fmhtrml `kl pghkl fmim sk `ksfrcdk kh lg skffcöh 76.3-Tkimfcöh `kl pghkl `k fmhtrml `kl iöùlm chfudg`mrg. - Fmh lg gyu`g `k uhg llgvk gllkh, rktcrk lg ecjgfcöh ocrm pkrcllg `k tmrhcllm udcfg`m kh kl pghkl `k fmhtrml, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 76; y 765. 2? Ecourg 76; - Pmrhcllm `k ecjgfcöh `m spch ahmd Ecourg 765 ‖ Tkimvckh`m spch ahmd - Gdrg kl iöùlm `k fmhtrml ik`cghtk lg klcichgfcöh `k lms fugtrm tmrhcllms `k ecjgfcöh sctug`m kh kl iöùlm lgtkrgl, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 76?. - @ksfmhkftgr kl fgdlk plghm `ks`k kl tkflg`m `k ikidrghg plgfg `k fmhtrml, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 762. Ecourg 76? ‖ Pmrhcllms lgtkrglks `k ecjgfcöh pgrg gdkrturg `m iöùlm 22 Ecourg 762 ‖ Fgdms elgt `m tkflg`m `k ikidrghg - Tktcrk kl tkflg`m `k ikidrghg. - Fmh lg gyu`g `k uhg llgvk ^bclcps, quctk lms fugtrm tmrhcllms pgrg lg ecjgfcöh `kl iöùlm `k fmhtrml kh kl pghkl, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 763. - Fmh lg gyu`g `k uhg llgvk ^bclcps, quctk lms fugtrm tmrhcllms pgrg lg ecjgfcöh `k lg plgfg `k fmhtrml, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 70>. Ecourg 763 ‖ Pmrhcllms `k ecjgfcöh `m iöùlm `k fmhtrml hm pghkl Ecourg 70> ‖ Pmrhcllms `k ecjgfcöh `g plgfg `k fmhtrml 23 - ^grg fmiplktgr lg rktcrg`g `k lg plgfg `k fmhtrml, `ksfmhkftgr lms fgdlks `k lg pghtgllg plghg y Glcikhtgfcöh fmim kh lg ecourg 707. Ecourg 707 ‖ Fmhkftmrks fgdms elgt k glcikhtgfcöh `kl `csplgy 76.74 - TKIMFCÖH @M IÖ@[LM E[KHPK @G CHF[DG@MTG Kl iöùlm `k eukhtk sk khfukhtrg kh kl chtkrcmr `k lg chfudg`mrg y sk khfukhtrg eukhtk gjustgdlk Glcikhtgfcöh 74U`f, tgrjktg `k eukhtk, rkspgl`m `k dgtkrég rkfgrogdlk, kl usm `k lg dgtkrég `k rkfukhtm iöùlm `k eukhtk y fgrog `k lg dgtkrég vkrcecfgfcöh 74U`f-66gipãrks, icfrm vkhtclg`mr y plgfg `k Glcikhtgfcöh `k tgdlktg buic`cecfgfcöh (45U`f). ^grg kxtrgkr lg eukhtk `kl iöùlm: - Fmh lg gyu`g `k uhg llgvk gllkh, rktcrk lms `ms tmrhcllms pgrg lg ecjgfcöh `k Vmpmrtks `klghtkrg y trgskrg `kl fclch`rm mxéokhm y klcichgrlms, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg. Ecourg 704 ‖ Vmpmrtks `k fclch`rm `k mxéokhm - Fmh lg gyu`g `k uhg llgvk ^bclcps, quctk lms fugtrm tmrhcllms pgrg lg ecjgfcöh `k lg pgrtk `klghtkrg y trgskrg `kl iöùlm prmtkffcmhks eukhtk, tgl fmim ecourg 706. 3> Ecourg 706 ‖ Lgtkrglks chekrcmrks ermhtgl k trgskrg - @ksfmhkftk tm`ms lms fgdlks kh lg pgrtk ermhtgl y lg pgrtk pmstkrcmr `kl iöùlm `k eukhtk, fmim iukstrg lg Ecourg 700. - Wuctgr lms fugtrm tmrhcllm quk ecjgh kl iöùlm `k eukhtk kh kl fbgscs `k lg pgrtk chekrcmr `k lg chfudg`mrg, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 70;. Ecourg 700 ‖ Fgdms `m iöùlm eukhtk e ukhtk Ecourg 70; ‖ Pmrhcllms `k ecjgfcöh `m iöùlm eukhtk hm fbgsscs 37 - Tktcrk kl iöùlm `k eukhtk tcrgh`m `k ãl bgfcg eukrg y `ksfmhkftk kl fgdlk plghm Fmiuhcfgfcöh fmh lg pghtgllg tgrjktg `k fmhkxcöh y kl fgdlk `k Glcikhtgfcöh `k lg eukhtk quk lg ecourg 705. Ecourg 705 ‖ Tkimvckh`m m iöùlm eukhtk 76.76 - FGIDCM @G E[KHPK GJ[VPÇUKL @K GLCIKHPGFCÖH 7;U@F 4> GI^ÃTKV Lg eukhtk gjustgdlk 7;Uff kstç gtrgpg`m `khtrm `k lg chfudg`mrg fmh kl iöùlm `k eukhtk. ^grg kxtrgkr lg eukhtk: - Tktcrk kl iöùlm `k eukhtk fmim klkikhtm-76: 7> Tkimfcöh `k lg chfudg`mrg iöùlm `k eukhtk. - Fmh lg gyu`g `k uhg llgvk ^bclcps, rktcrk lg eukhtk `k rktcrgr kl tmrhcllm chekrcmr `k fg`g uhg `k lgs fugtrm plgfgs `k ecjgfcöh `k eukhtk eukhtk gjustgdlk kl iöùlm, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 70?. Ecourg 70? ‖ Fbgpgs `k ecjgfcöh `g eukhtk gjustgdlk 7;U`f gm iöùlm eukhtk 76.70 - FGIDCM @KL ICFTMUKHPCLG@MT @KL IÖ@[LM E[KHPK Kl vkhtclg`mr icfrm kstç `khtrm `kl iöùlm `k eukhtk. ^grg klcichgr icfrmvkhtclg`mr: - Tktcrk kl iöùlm `k eukhtk fmim klkikhtm-76: 7> Tkimfcöh `k lg chfudg`mrg iöùlm `k eukhtk. - Fmh lg gyu`g `k uh ^bclcps Llgvk, iöùlm `k eukhtk gdckrtg ik`cghtk lg klcichgfcöh `k lms fugtrm tmrhcllms lgtkrglks `k ecjgfcöh, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 702. - @ksfmhkftgr kl fgdlk `k lg plgfg `k icfrmvkhtclg`mr eukhtk quk lg ecourg 703. 34 Ecourg 702 ‖ Pmrhcllms lgtkrglks `m iöùlm eukhtk Ecourg 703 ‖ Fmhkftmr icfrmvkhtclg`mr - Fmh lg gyu`g `k uhg llgvk `k fg÷öh, rktcrk lgs `ms tukrfgs `k ecjgfcöh `k icfrmvkhtclg`mr y sgfgrlm, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 7;>. - Imhtgr kl hukvm icfrmvkhtclg`mr lms `ms tmrhcllms y ecjgrlm fmh lgs `ms tukrfgs `k ecjgfcöh. - Fmhkftgr kl fgdlk `k icfrmvkhtclg`mr kh plgfg `k eukhtk. 36 Ecourg 7;> ‖ Tkimvckh`m m icfrmvkhtclg`mr 76.7; - FGIDCM @K LG DGPKTÉG @K DGFA[^ TKFGTOÇDLK Lg dgtkrég rkfgrogdlk `k lgs rkskrvgs KHF[KHPTG @KHPTM @KL eukhtk iöùlm. ^grg kxtrgkr lg dgtkrég `k lg rkskrvg: - Tktcrgr iöùlm `k eukhtk kl klkikhtm fmim-76: 7> Tkimfcöh `k lg eukhtk iöùlm `k chfudg`mrg. - Fmh lg gyu`g `k lg MH[ ^bclcps Llgvk, iöùlm `k eukhtk gdckrtg pmr sus Klcichgfcöh `k tmrhcllms Fugtrm lms lgtkrglks `k ecjgfcöh, fmim lg Iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 7;7. - @ksfmhkftgr kl fgdlk `k lg dgtkrég kl `k gpmygr `k lg eukhtk quk sk uhk g su ecourg 7;4. Ecourg 7;7 ‖ Pmrhcllms lgtkrglks `kl iöùlm eukhtk 30 Ecourg 7;4 ‖ Fmhkftmr dgtkrég dgfaup rkfgrogdlk - Tktérklg `k lg dgtkrég Vmpmrtk `k rkskrvg, fmim lg Iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 7;6. - Chtrmùfcr lg hukvg kh kl Vmpmrtk `k lg dgtkrég. - Fmhkftgr kl fgdlk `k lg Dgtkrég kh lg eukhtk tgdlkrm. Ecourg 7;6 ‖ Tkimvckh`m dgtkrég dgfaup rkfgrogdlk 76.75 - FGIDCM @K LG PGTJKPG @K GLCIKHPGFCÖH @K LG ^GVPCLBG @K BB[IC@CECFGFCÖH) Lg plgfg `k buic`cecfgfcöh mdlkg Glcikhtgfcöhn kstç `khtrm `kl iöùlm `k eukhtk. ^grg rktcrgr lg tgrjktg: - Tktcrk kl iöùlm `k eukhtk fmim klkikhtm-76: 7> Tkimfcöh `k lg chfudg`mrg iöùlm `k eukhtk. - Fmh lg gyu`g `k uh ^bclcps Llgvk, iöùlm `k eukhtk gdckrtg ik`cghtk lg klcichgfcöh `k lms fugtrm tmrhcllms lgtkrglks `k ecjgfcöh, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 7;0. - @ksfmhkftgr kl fgdlk `k lg plgfg eukhtk plgfg `k chskrfcöh Glcikhtgfcöh fmim kh lg ecourg 7;;. 3; Ecourg 7;0 ‖ Pmrhcllms lgtkrglks `m iöùlm eukhtk Ecourg 7;; ‖ Fmhkftmr `k lg plgfg `k glcikhtgfcöh `g pgstcllg `k buic`cecfgfcöh - Fmh lg gyu`g `k uhg llgvk ^bclcps, quctgr kl tmrhcllm `k ecjgfcöh `k lg pgstcllg buic`cecfgfcöh tgdlkrm `k Glcikhtgfcöh fmim kh lg ecourg 7;5. - Fmlmfgr lg hukvg juhtg kh su luogr y sk ecjg fmh uh tmrhcllm pgrg lg ecjgfcöh. - Fmhkftgr kl fgdlk `k chskrtgr lg tgrjktg `k Glcikhtgfcöh kh lg plgfg `k eukhtk. 35 Ecourg 7;5 ‖ Tkimvckh`m g plgfg `k glcikhtgfcöh `k lg pgstcllg `k buic`cecfgfcöh 76.7? - FGIDCM @K LG DGPKTÉG FT4>64 6U @K LG PGTJKPG E[KHPK Lg dgtkrég `k lctcm FT4>64 6U ks `k tgdlkrm Eukhtk Eukhtk kh kl chtkrcmr `kl iöùlm. ^grg kxtrgkr lg dgtkrég: - Tktcrk kl iöùlm `k eukhtk fmim klkikhtm-76: 7> Tkimfcöh `k lg chfudg`mrg iöùlm `k eukhtk. - Fmh lg gyu`g `k uh ^bclcps Llgvk, iöùlm `k eukhtk gdckrtg ik`cghtk lg klcichgfcöh `k lms fugtrm tmrhcllms lgtkrglks `k ecjgfcöh, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 7;?. - Tktcrk lg dgtkrég `k su rkspkftcvg Vmpmrtk fmim ecourg 7;2. - Chskrtk lg hukvg dgtkrég kh su rkspkftcvg Vmpmrtk `k plgfg `k eukhtk. Ecourg 7;? ‖ Pmrhcllms lgtkrglks `m iöùlm eukhtk 3? Ecourg 7;2 ‖ Lmfglczgfcöh `g dgtkrég FT4>64 lctbcui 6U 76.72 - TKIMUKH@M LG ^LGFG E[KHPK Lg plgfg `k eukhtk sk khfukhtrg kh kl chtkrcmr `kl iöùlm `k eukhtk. ^grg rktcrgr lg tgrjktg: - Tktcrk kl iöùlm `k eukhtk fmim klkikhtm-76: 7> Tkimfcöh `k lg chfudg`mrg iöùlm `k eukhtk. - Fmh lg gyu`g `k uh ^bclcps Llgvk, iöùlm `k eukhtk gdckrtg ik`cghtk lg klcichgfcöh `k lms fugtrm tmrhcllms lgtkrglks `k ecjgfcöh, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 7;3. - @ksfmhkftgr tm`ms lms fgdlks `kl tgdlkrm `k eukhtk. - Fmh lg gyu`g `k uhg llgvk `k fg÷öh, klcichgr lg ecjgfcöh fugtrm tmrhcllms `k lg plgfg, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 75>. Ecourg 7;3 ‖ Pmrhcllms lgtkrglks `m iöùlm eukhtk 32 Ecourg 75> ‖ Tkimvckh`m g plgfg eukhtk 76.73 - FGIDCM @K LG LÄI^G@G G[RCLCGT ^grg quctgr lg lçipgrg guxclcgr: - Tktcrgr lg ecjgfcöh `k lg lçipgrg `k iktgl `k dlmqukm sctug`m kh lg pgrtk chekrcmr `kl Vmpmrtk `k lg lçipgrg fmim lg ecourg 757. - Tktcrgr lg lçipgrg gl fmhkftmr Ucsuglczgfcöh, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 754. - @ksfmhkftgr kl fgdlk `k lg lçipgrg `k Glcikhtgfcöh kh tm`g su Tkimfcöh fmim ecourg 756. -- Fmhkftgr fgdlk `kkhGlcikhtgfcöh Kipujk lgkldmidcllg Vmpmrtk. `k lg hukvg lçipgrg. - Vustctucr kl trgdgjm `k iktgl pgrg lg ecjgfcöh `k lg lçipgrg. Ecourg 757 ‖ Vmpmrtk `k lg lçipgrg guxclcgr 33 Ecourg 754 ‖ Wuctgh`m lg lçipgrg guxclcgr Ecourg 756 ‖ @ksfmhkxcöh `k lg lçipgrg guxclcgr 76.4> - @CV^LGS FMH PMHGLC@G@ IGV KVF[TG Vc kl msfurkfkr lg pghtgllg LF@, fmiprukdk sc lms scouckhtks fmipmhkhtks kh lg pghtgllg `k lg tgrjktg `k fmhtrml smh fmrrkftgs: - Prghscstmr W7: DF27? - Lgs rkscstkhfcgs T0 y T;: 4?>T, fmim sk iukstrg kh kl `cgorgig `k fgdlkg`m kh lg ecourg 750. Ecourg 750 ‖ Ksqukig klkftröhcfm fmhtrml tmhglc`g` `k lm `csplgy 76.47 - UKECTCFGFCÖH @KL E[HFCMHGICKHPM CHFMTTKFPM KH LG B[IC@CECFGFCÖH Vc bgy glgrig `k hcvkl `k goug dgjg m dgjg Buik`g` `cspgrg`m fmh tghquk llkhm `k goug: - Fmiprmdgr quk lg ighoukrg `k glcikhtgfcöh hm kstç dlmqukg`g, lgs durdujgs `k gcrk m `mdlg`gs. - Fmiprmdgr quk lg dmidg kstç euhfcmhgh`m fmrrkftgikhtk icfrm `k lg scouckhtk: Chtrmùzfg lg pghtgllg `k prukdg `k gftug`mrks fmh kl fö`com `k gffksm 4272, `k gfukr`m fmh kl prmfk`cickhtm `kl grtéfulm 7; - Fö`coms `k gffksm y fglcdrgfcöh O^T-^L[V. Pm`ms mpfcmhks sk igrfgrçh gpgog`m m `ksgftcvg`m. • Tktcrgr tm`g kl goug `kl `kpösctm chtkrhm g trgvãs `kl `rkhgjk kh lg pgrtk chekrcmr `k lg chfudg`mrg, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 75;. • Bgdclctgr fcrfulgfcöh y Buik`g` fmim ecourg 755. •• Fmiprukdk quk lg yicfrm dmidg cipulsg`m lg vçlvulg `k smlkhmc`k trgdgjö. Vc lg icfrm dmidg lg vçlvulg `kkstç smlkhmc`k hm sky gftcvg: - Fmiprmdgr lg tkhscöh `k 74Uff (fmh lg dgtkrég) y 7;U`f (fugh`m lg rk`) kh kl gutmdús, fmim `cgorgig `k fgdlkg`m G-7 g 4.5;?. 7>> - Fmiprmdgr lg tkhscöh 45 U FF kh kl dus (`cgorgig `k fgdlkg`m G-7-45;?), fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 75?. Ukrcecfgr lg fmhkxcöh icfrm-dmidg g lg vçlvulg `k smlkhmc`k. - Fmiprmdgr quk hm bgy fgdlks `ksfmhkftg`ms m rmtms. - Vc tm`gs lgs fmhkxcmhks, fgdlks y Glcikhtgfcöh smh fmrrkftms lg icfrmdmidg y / m smlkhmc`k `kdkh skr fgidcm`g. • Vc sk gftcvg lg icfrmdmidg: - Kspkrk 6 ichutms. - Fmiprmdgr quk hm bgy ighoukrgs `mdlg`gs`k m durdujgs kh lgs`k ighoukrgs. Tktcrgr lg fuidrk, lkfbm TH y gsãptcfg lg pglig`g, gfukr`m fmh kl puhtm 70.7 `k lcipckzg fmipgrtcickhtm `k TH. - Fmiprmdgr kl goug kstç kh kdullcfcöh y lg okhkrgfcöh `k vgpmr. - Vc ustk` hm kstç trgdgjgh`m, lg plgfg `k chtkrfgidcm `k buic`cecfgfcöh sctug`g `kdgjm `kl `kpösctm `k goug chtkrhm, `k gfukr`m fmh kl puhtm 76.6 - Fgidcm `k lg plgfg `k buic`cecfgfcöh. - Fmiprmdgr kl euscdlk 4.;G prmtkffcöh kl gutmdús 45U`f. Ecourg 75; ‖ Lmfglczgfcöh `kl `rkhm `kl rkskrvgtmrcm chtkrhm `k goug Ecourg 755 ‖ Pkstk `k lms gftug`mrks `k lg buic`cecfgfcöh bgdclctg`ms Ecourg 75? ‖ Pkhscöh 45 U`f kh lg plgfg `g eukhtk 76.44 - FGIDCM @K LG ICFTMDMIDG Lg icfrmdmidg `khtrm `k lg chfudg`mrg Glcikhtgfcöhn `kl pghkl. ^grg klcichgr lg kstç icfrmdmidg: - Tktcrgr lg tgpg `k lg Glcikhtgfcöh `k lg chfudg`mrg, skoúh kl puhtm 76.? Tkimfcöh `kl pghkl `k lg Glcikhtgfcöh `k lg chfudg`mrg. - @ksfmhkftgr kl fgdlk `k lg icfrmdmidg Glcikhtgfcöh fmim kh lg ecourg 752. @ksfmhkftgr kl fgdlk `k lg icfrmdmidg Glcikhtgfcöh fmim kh lg ecourg 752. 7>7 - Fmh lg gyu`g `k uhg llgvk ^bclcps, quctk lms `ms tmrhcllms `k lg plgfg `k ecjgfcöh icfrmdmidg, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 753. Ecourg 752 ‖ Fmhkftmr fgdm `k glcikhtgfcöh icfrmdmidg Ecourg 753 ‖ Fbgpg `k ecjgfcöh `k lg icfrmdmidg - @ksfmhkftgr lgs ighoukrgs `k lg dmidg `k icfrm, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 7?>. - Fmhkftgr lgs ighoukrgs kh kl hukvm icfrmdmidg. - Fmlmfgr kl hukvm icfrmdmidg kh su sctcm y gskourgr fmh lg plgfg `k ecjgfcöh. - Fmhkftgr kl fgdlk `k Glcikhtgfcöh `k lg icfrmdmidg. Ecourg 7?> ‖ Fmhkxcmhks ighoukrgs `k lg icfrmdmidg 7>4 76.46 - FGIDCM @G UÇLU[LG VMLKHÖC@K @K FMHPTML @K UGZÆM Lg vçlvulg `k smlkhmc`k kstç `khtrm `kl pghkl `k Glcikhtgfcöhn chfudg`mrg. ^grg quctgr lg vçlvulg `k smlkhmc`k: - Tktcrgr lg tgpg `k lg Glcikhtgfcöh `k lg chfudg`mrg, skoúh kl puhtm 76.? Tkimfcöh `kl pghkl `k lg Glcikhtgfcöh `k lg chfudg`mrg. - @ksfmhkftgr lms fgdlks `k Glcikhtgfcöh `k lg vçlvulg `k smlkhmc`k, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 7?7. -fmim Fmh sk lg iukstrg gyu`g `kkhuhg llgvk ^bclcps, lg Ecourg 7?4. quctgr lms `ms tmrhcllms `k lg plgfg `k ecjgfcöh `k lg vçlvulg `k smlkhmc`k, Ecourg 7?7 ‖ Fmhkftmrks fgdms `k glcikhtgfcöh vçlvulg smlkhmc`k Ecourg 7?4 ‖ Fbgpg `k ecjgfcöh e cjgfcöh `k lg vçlvulg smlkhmc`k - @ksfmhkftgr lgs ighoukrgs `k lg vçlvulg `k smlkhmc`k, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 7?6. - Fmhkftgr lgs ighoukrgs kh lg hukvg vçlvulg `k smlkhmc`k. - Fmlmfgr kl smlkhmc`k hukvm kh su sctcm y gskourgr fmh lg plgfg `k ecjgfcöh. - Fmhkftgr lms fgdlks `k GLCIKHPGFCÖH `k lg vçlvulg `k smlkhmc`k. 7>6 Ecourg 7?6 ‖ Fmhkxcmhks ighoukrgs `k lg vçlvulg smlkhmc`k 76.40 - FGIDCM @K LG ^LGFG @K B[IC@CECFGFCÖH ^grg llkvgr g fgdm kl chtkrfgidcm `k tgrjktg `k buic`cecfgfcöh: - Tktcrgr lg fúpulg. - Tktcrgr kl lkfbm TH. - Tktcrgr lg dmektg`g gsãptcfg. - ^grg quctgr kl pgrfbk `ks`k kl `kpösctm gelmjgr ighuglikhtk lms tmrhcllms kstrcg`ms fmim ecourg 7?0. Ecourg 7?0 ‖ Tktcrgh`m lms tmrhcllms rkhfgrrclg`ms - Pcrk `k lg fudckrtg `kl `kpösctm chtkrhm, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 7?;. Ecourg 7?; ‖ Tktcrgh`m lg tgpg `kl rkskrvgtmrcm 7>0 - Pcrk `k lg fudckrtg bgfcg eukrg chtkrcmr. - @ksfmhkftgr kl fgdlk `k lg plgfg buic`cecfgfcöh Glcikhtgfcöh fmim kh lg ecourg 7?5. - @ksfmhkftgr lgs ighoukrgs `kl `kpösctm. - Wuctgr lms trks tmrhcllms pgrg lg ecjgfcöh `k lg plgfg `k buic`cecfgfcöh kh kl tghquk fmh lg gyu`g `k uhms ^bclcps Llgvk, fmhemrik g lg ecourg 7??. - Uuklvg g fmlmfgr lg tgrjktg `k buic`cecfgfcöh pmr uhg hukvg ecjgh`m `k hukvm fmh lms tmrhcllms. - Fmhkftgr kl fgdlk `k lg plgfg buic`cecfgfcöh Glcikhtgfcöh. - Fmlmfgr kl `kpösctm chtkrhm `k hukvm y gskourgr kl `kpösctm `k pgrfbk fmh dmtmhks imlktkg`ms. Ecourg 7?5 ‖ Tkimfcöh `kl rkskrvgtmrcm chtkrhm Ecourg 7?? ‖ ^lgfg `k buic`cecfgfcöh k tmrhcllms `k eecjgfcöh cjgfcöh 76.4; - IGH[PKHFCÖH S TKIMFCÖH @KL IÖ@[LM @KL VKHVMT @K LG FÚ^[LG • Tkimfcöh Iöùlm `kl Vkhsmr sch Vkrvmfmhtrml `k M4 ^grg rktcrgr kl iöùlm `k lg fúpulg `k skhsmrks: - Tktcrk ighuglikhtk lg tukrfg (4) ecjg kl skhsmr (7), fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 7?2. • Tkimfcöh Iöùlm `kl Vkhsmr fmh Vkrvmfmhtrml `k M4 ^grg rktcrgr kl iöùlm `k skhsmr fugh`m kl skrvm `k fmhtrml `k M4: - Tktcrk ighuglikhtk kl tmrhcllm (7) - ûlsgr kl fgjöh pkstcllm (4) - Pcrk iöùlm khtkrm (6) g fgdm, `k gfukr`m g lg ecourg 7?3. 7>; Ecourg 7?2 ‖ Tkimvckh`m iöùlm `klm skhsmr • Ecourg 7?3 ‖ Tkimvckh`m iöùlm `kl skhsmr fmh skrvmfmhtrml `k M4 Euhfcmhgickhtm ch`kdc`m `kl Iöùlm `kl Vkhsmr sch Vkrvmfmhtrml `k M4 Vc bgy uh igl euhfcmhgickhtm `kl iöùlm `k skhsmr: - Fmiprmdgr quk kl fgdlk kstç fmhkftg`m fmrrkftgikhtk. - Fmiprukdk sc bgy `g÷ms m uh igl fmhtgftm `k lms fgdlks. - Vustctucr kl iöùlm skhsmr. - Ukrcecfgr lms skhsmrks `k lms skhsmrks `kl iöùlm `k pghtgllg `k Chemrigfcmhks `k iksg fmhtrmlg`mr FM@: 424> grtéfulm 7; - Fö`coms `k gffksm y fglcdrgfcöh T_P-^L[V . • Euhfcmhgickhtm ch`kdc`m `kl Iöùlm `kl Vkhsmr fmh Vkrvmfmhtrml `k M4 Vc bgy uh igl euhfcmhgickhtm `kl iöùlm skhsmr fmh: glgrig `kl skhsmr skg lghzg`m, lms prmdlkigs kh lg lkfturg y kl fmhtrml `kl mxéokhm y lg lkfturg `k lms skhsmrks. - Fmiprmdgr sc hm bgy `g÷ms kh lms fgdlks, fmhkftmrks y flgvcjgs `kl fmhkftmr `k lms skhsmrks kh kl iöùlm `k skhsmr, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 72>. - Fmiprmdgr quk lms fgdlks `k lms skhsmrks kstçh fmhkftg`ms fmrrkftgikhtk gl iöùlm g`gptg`mr `k lms skhsmrks. - Fmiprmdgr quk kl chtkrruptmr `k lçichgs hm kstçh `g÷g`gs y sk khfukhtrgh kh lgs pmscfcmhks fmrrkftgs `kl iöùlm skhsmr dmr`m, fmim lg ecourg 727. Ecourg 72> ‖ Iöùlm Iöùlm `k lms Vkhsmrks Vkhsmrks 7>5 Ecourg 727 ‖ ^lgfg Iöùlm Vkhsmr 76.45 - FGIDCM @G DGPKTÉG 74U@F 66 GI^ÃTKV ^grg fgidcgr lg pclg `k lg chfudg`mrg T_P-^L[V scog kstgs chstruffcmhks: - Tktcrgr kl iöùlm `kl pghkl `k skhsmrks `k gfukr`m fmh kl puhtm 76.2 - Tkimfcöh `kl iöùlm `kl pghkl `k lms skhsmrks `k lg chfudg`mrg. - Gpmygr kl pghkl kh su pgrgomlpks lg chfudg`mrg. - Gelmjgr lg fmrrkg `k vklfrm, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 724. - Kxtrgcog lg dgtkrég `kl fbgscs `k lg chfudg`mrg fuc`g`m, yg quk tgidcãh kstç fmhkftg`g pmr fgdlks `k Glcikhtgfcöh fmim kh lg ecourg 726. Ecourg 724 ‖ Tkimfcöh `k lg dgtkrég 7>? Ecourg 726 ‖ Tktcrgh`m g dgtkrég - @ksfmhkftgr lms fgdlks `k lg dgtkrég `k lg khkroég ik`cghtk lg klcichgfcöh `k lms tmrhcllms y lgs tukrfgs fmh lg gyu`g `k uh ^bclcps Llgvk fmim ecourg 720. Ecourg 720 ‖ Tkimfcöh `k lms fgdms `k lg dgtkrég  ^rmtkffcöh Gidckhtgl @ksfgrtk Vc bgy hkfksc`g` `k klcichgfcöh `k kqucpms y pgrtks, y quk hm tckhkh uhg `kstchgfcmh `kechc`m pmr kl flckhtk, kl grtéfulm kh fukstcöh `kdk skr khvcg`m gl egdrcfghtk m gl fkhtrm `k skrvcfcm içs fkrfghm pgrg lg klcichgfcöh sk rkglczg `k gfukr`m g lg Lkocslgfcöh gftugl. Lgs dgtkrégs rkfgrogdlks usg`gs kh lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk tckhkh uhg vc`g útcl lcictg`g. @kspuãs sustctufcöh, lg dgtkrég bgfcg g`klghtk `g÷g`m kl egdrcfghtk m fkhtrm `k skrvcfcm gutmrczg`m içs fkrfghm. Hm tcrk kstk igtkrcgl kh kl Fmiúh `k dgsurg yg quk lgs dgtkrégs tckhkh kh sus Fmipmscfcöh töxcfms igtkrcglks y iktglks pksg`ms. GPKHFCÖH - Klcichgfcöh `k lgs dgtkrégs @kdk rkglczgrsk Gfukr`m fmh Lkocslgfcöh gftugl kh kl pgés. 7>2 70 - LCI^CKZG K GVK^VCG 70.7 - LCI^CKZG GPKHFCÖH - ^grg kvctgr lg pmscdclc`g` `k quk sk prmùzfgh qukigùrgs m `ksfgrogs klãftrcfgs ùrghtk kl prmfksm `k lcipckzg y Ighutkhfcöh, gskourgh quk lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk - T_P ^L[V im`klm ks `kskhfbueg`m y gpgog`ms llgvk kh okhkrgl, gskoúrksk `k quk kl klkikhtm fglkhtg`mr hm ks fglckhtk. - Ghtks `k chcfcgr lms prmfk`cickhtms `k lcipckzg y Ighutkhfcöh, gskoúrksk `k quk kl suichcstrm `k mxéokhm sk fckrrg m sk `ksfmhkftg `k lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk. ûk`k kxcstcr rcksom `k kxplmscöh k chfkh`cm ùrghtk lg lcipckzg m Ighutkhfcöh kh uh gidckhtk khrcqukfc`m fmh mxéokhm. Lcipckzg `k lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk - Im`klm: T_P ^L[V `kdk skr kekftug`m g lg rkfkpfcöh chcfcgl, gpgog`m / eukrg `k skrvcfcm, Ighutkhfcöh `k rkorksm `kspuãs `k utclczgfcöh `kl Kqucpgickhtm (tmig`g `kl pgfckhtk) m fmim prmfk`cickhtms `k lcipckzg chtkrhg y luogr gsãptcfm, `k gfukr`m gllé lg pröxcig skfukhfcg: [sk uh pg÷m lcipcm y sugvk buik`kfc`m fmh goug y jgdöh sugvk sugvk.. • Tktcrk kl pmlvm `k lgs supkrecfcks `k plçstcfm y iktgl Kq Kqucpgickhtm. ucpgickhtm. • Lcipcgr kl imhctmr `k Vmpmrtk, Vmp Vmpmrtk mrtk pgrg sukrm y Vmpmrtk `k lg chfudg`mrg. • Lcipcgr kl skhsmr `k tkipkrgturg `kl TH y kl iöùlm `k fmhtrml, tkhckh`m fuc`g`m `k hm kipgpgr kstgs • pgrtks `kl Kqucpgickhtm. Lcipcgr tm`g lg supkrecfck fmrpmrgl chfudg`mrg fmh uh pg÷m bu buik`kfc`m ik`kfc`m fmh goug y jgdöh hkutrm. • • FMLFBÖH 7. Tktcrk kl fmlfböh `ks`k `khtrm `kl fmipgrtcickhtm `k TH TH,, fmim lg ecourg 72;. Ecourg 72; ‖ Tktcrgh`m lkfbm `m TH 4. Tktcrk kl fmlfböh `k kspuig `k su fudckrtg `k plçstcfm, fmim sk iukstrg kkhh lg Ecourg 725. Ecourg 725 ‖ Tktcrgh`m lg kspuig `m fmlfböh 6. Lgvgr lg kspuig y fudckrtg `k plçstcfm fmh uhg smlufcöh e `ktkrokhtk y `kschekftghtk gprmpcg`m y `kdc`gikhtk `cluc`g. 0. lcipckzg Khjugouk`kl lgsigtkrcgl. pckzgs fmh goug fmrrckhtk, klc klcichgh`m ichgh`m fuglquckr rkscùm `k lg smlufcöh e utclczg`m pgrg llgg ;. @kjgr skfgr g tkipkrgturg gidckhtk. 5. Uuklvg g fmlmfgr lg kspuig kh su fudckrtg `k plçstcfm. ?. Uuklvg g fmlmfgr kl fmlfböh kh T_P ^L[V lkfbm chfudg`mrg. 7>3 • FMI^GTPCICKHPM FMI^GTPCICKHP M @KL TH 7. ^grg llcipckzg cipckzg `kl TH fmipgrtcikhtm chtkrhm scog kl prmfk`cickhtm scouckhtk: 4. ^grg `kstrgdgr kl Vmpmrtk imhctmr `k tcrgr `kl Prgdgjm y lm lkvghtgh fmim kh lgs ecourgs 72? y 722. Ecourg 72? ‖ @kstrgdgh`m kl smpmrtk `kl imhctmr Ecourg 722 ‖ Lkvghtgh`m kl smpmrtk `kl imhctmr 6. Tktcrk kl iöùlm `k skhsmrks, fmhkftmrks y skhsmrks `k mxciktrég `k TH, TH, kl pghkl `kl skhsmr `kl iöùlm fugh`m. 0. ^grg `kstrgdgr y quctgr lg fúpulg, rktcrk lg skourc`g` kh kl trgdgjm fmim kh lg ecourg 72 723. 3. Ecourg 723 ‖ @kstrgdgh`m lg fúpulg ;. Tktcrk kl lkfbm TH prkscmhgh`m kl trgdgjm sctug`m `kdgjm lkfbm fmim kh lg ecourg 73>. Ecourg 73> ‖ Tktcrgh`m lkfbm `m TH 5. 5. Tktcrk lg tgpg kstãrcl lcdkrgr ighuglikhtk kl tmrhcllm imlktkg`m (G), fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 737. 77> Ecourg 737 ‖ Tktcrgh`m tmrhcllm rkhfgrrclg`m ?. Lg fukhfg y lg fudckrtg gsãptcfg sk puk`kh lcipcgr fmh goug fmrrckhtk m fmh uh pg÷m buik`kfc`m fmh goug y jgdöh sugvk. 2. G fmhtchugfcöh, sk skfgh lgs pckzgs fmh uh pg÷m lclcipcm ipcm m uhg tmgllg `k pgpkl. 3. Uuklvg g fmlmfgr lg dmektg`g gsãptcfg ecjgh`m fmh kl tmrhcllm iulktkg`m. 7>. Vustctucr kl lkfbm `kl pgfckhtk kh sus pmscfcmhks mrcochglks. • UKHPMLCHG 7. 4. 6. 0. Tktcrk lg fudckrtg iktçlcfg. Tktcrk lg TH rkscùms. Tktcrk lg dmektg`g gsãptcfg. Ightkhog kl vvkhtclg`mr khtclg`mr (4) y kxtrgkr ighuglikhtk lg tukrfg iulktkg`g (7), fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 734. Ecourg 734 ‖ @ksimhtgjk `k lg tukrfg kstrcg`g y kl vkhtclg`mr. ;. Kl vkhtclg`mr y lg tukrfg iulktkg`g sk puk`kh lcipcgr fmh goug fmrrckhtk m fmh uh pg÷m buik`kfc`m fmh goug y jgdöh sugvk. 5. Vkquk tm`gs lgs pckzgs fmh uh pg÷m lcipcm m uhg tmgllg `k pgpkl. ?. Uuklvg g fmlmfgr kl vkhtclg`mr y lg tukrfg iulktkg`g kh sus pmscfcmhks mrcochglks. • FÚ^[LG 7. Tktcrk kl iöùlm `k lms skhsmrks `k fúpulg ighuglikhtk gelmjgh`m lg tukrfg (4) ecjg kl skhsmr (7) fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 736. Hmtg: - ^grg kxtrgkr kl iöùlm `k lms skhsmrks fugh`m kl fmhtrml `k skrvm `k M4, quctgr ighuglikhtk kl tmrhcllm (7), prkscmhk kl fgjöh pkstcllm (4) y tcrk `kl iöùlm khtkrm g fgdm (6), fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 730. 777 Ecourg 736 ‖ Tktcrgh`m Tktcrgh`m iöùlm `k lms skhsmrks Ecourg 730 ‖ Tktcrgh`m Tktcrgh`m iöùlm `k lms skhsmrks fmh skrv skrvmm fmhtrml `k M4 4. ^grg quctgr lg fúpulg, rktcrk tm`gs lgs ougrhcfcmhks, pgsms `k tudkrégs y ^gsg`mrks `mdlks fúpulgs kxtkrhgs k chtkrhgs. G fmhtchugfcöh, ocrk lms tmrhcllms bgstg kl echgl `kl fursm, fmim lg ecourg 73;. Ecourg 73; ‖ Vmltgh`m lg fúpulg 6. Tktcrk lgs pgrk`ks `mdlks, fmhemrik ecourg 735. Ecourg 735 ‖ Tkimvckh`m ^grk`ks @mdlks 0. Tktcrk lg fudckrtg iktçlcfg chtkrcmr (7) y lcipck lg fúpulg (4) `k lg chfudg`mrg fmh uh pg÷m buik`kfc`m fmh goug y jgdöh sugvk, fmim sk iukstrg 73? y 732. 774 Ecourg 73? ‖ Tktcrgh`m lg fúpulg chtkrhg ;. 5. ?. 2. 3. 7>. • Ecourg 732 ‖ Tktcrgh`m lg fúpulg chtkrhg fmh skrvm fmhtrml `k M4 Lg fúpulg chtkrcmr (7) sk puk`k lclcipcgr ipcgr fmh kl icsim prmfk`cickhtm. Vkquk tm`gs lgs pckzgs fmh uh pg÷m lcipcm m uhg tmgllg `k pgpkl. Uuklvg g fmlmfgr lg fudckrtg kxtkrcmr (4) kh su pmscfcöh mrcochgl y dlmqukgrlg kh lgtkrglks. Umlvkr g imhtgr lgs ougrhcfcmhks, pgsms `k tudms y `k pgsg`mr `mdlk. Umlvkr g imhtgr lgs pgrk`ks @mdlks. 7Fmhkftgr kl iöùlm `k skhsmr kh lg pgrtk supkrcmr. TKVKTUGPÖTCM TKVKTUGP ÖTCM CHPKTHM (M^FCMHGL) 7. 7. Tktcrgr tm`g kl goug `ks`k kl `kpösctm g trgvãs `kl `rkhgjk kh lg pgrtk chekrcmr `k lg chfudg`mrg, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 733. Ecourg 733 ‖ Lmfglczgfcöh `kl `rkhm 4. 6. 0. ;. Tktcrk lg fudckrtg iktçlcfg. Tktcrk lg TH rkscùms. Tktcrk kl omlpk gsãptcfg. ^grg quctgr kl pgrfbk `ks`k kl `kpösctm gelmjgr ighuglikhtk lms tmrhcllms kstrcg`ms fmim ecourg 4>>. 776 Ecourg 4>> ‖ Tktcrgh`m ms tmrhcllms iulktkg`ms 5. Pcrk `k lg fudckrtg `kl `kpösctm chtkrhm, fmim sk iukstrg 4>7. Ecourg 4>7 ‖ Tktcrgh`m lg tgpg tgpg `kl rkskrvgtmrcm ?. 2. 3. 7>. 77. Lg tgpg `kl `kpösctm chtkrhm sk puk`k lcipcgr fmh goug fmrrckhtk. Vkfgr fmh uh pg÷m lcipcm m uhg tmgllg ``kk pgpkl. Tktcrk kl pgrfbk fmh fuc`g`m, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 4>7. Lcipcgr kl tghquk chtkrcmr fmh goug y jgdöh, gl pg÷m. Khjugouk lg vmluhtg`, `k hm llkhgr `k ightkhkr `rkhgjk gdckrtm. 74. Tktcrk kl goug, fkrrgr kl kh `ksgoük. 76. Uuklvgtm`g g fmlmfgr lg dmektg`g su pmscfcöh mrcochgl y gprcktk lms tmrhcllms kstrcg`ms. • TKVKTUGPÖTCM TKVKTUGP ÖTCM @K ÇO[G (M^FCMHGL): 7. Tktcrgr tm`g kkll goug `ks`k kl `kpösctm g trgvãs `kl `rkhgjk kh lg pgrtk chekrcmr `k lg chfudg`mrg, fmim kh lg ecourg 4>4. 770 Ecourg 4>4 ‖ Lmfglczgfcöh `kl `rkhm 4. Pcrk `kl fgjöh `k dlmqukm (G) `kl `kpösctm, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 4>6. Ecourg 4>6 ‖ Lmfglczgfcöh `k lg trgdg `k lg ogvktg 6. Pcrk `kl fmipgrtcickhtm `kl tghquk (6) pgrg kl echgl `k fgrrkrg y tcrgr kl pgrfbk `kl `kpösctm (7) y rktcrk lg ighoukrg (0) `k lg dmqucllg sctug`g kh lg pgrtk trgskrg `kl `kpösctm (4), fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 4>0. Ecourg 4>0 ‖ Tktcrgh`m kl rkskrvgtmrcm 0. Kl `kpösctm (4) sk puk`kh lgvgr kh goug lcipcg m kjkfutg fmh uuhh pg÷m buik`kfc`m fmh goug y jgdöh sugvk m kstkrclczg`m pmr gutmflgvk gut mflgvk prmfksm g tkipkrgturgs `k bgstg 747 ¾ F ùrghtk 4> i ichutms. chutms. ;. ;. G fmhtchugfcöh, sk skfgh lgs pckzgs fmh uh pg÷m lcipcm m uhg tmgllg `k pgpkl. 5. 5. Uuklvg g fmlmfgr kl `kpösctm g sus pmscfcmhks mrcochglks, fmhkftgr lg ighoukrg pusm kl omlpk kh kl tghquk y kipujk lg dgh`kjg pgrg dlmqukgrlm. 77; 70.4 - GVK^VCG Fugh`m lg chfudg`mrg sk bg utclczg`m pgrg uh hc÷m fmh uhg khekrik`g` chekffcmsg, lg gskpscg `kdk skoucr uh kstrcftm prmfksm. Vch kidgrom, trgtçh`mlm kh uh grtéfulm sch frétcfg, sch hkfksc`g` `k kstkrclczgfcöh `kl Kqucpgickhtm, m sus pgrtks, suecfckhtk sölm su `kschekffcöh. ^grg kllm, lg lcipckzg `kl Kqucpgickhtm scouckhtk puhtm 70.7 Ch`cfgfcmhks - Lcipckzg. Khtmhfks, `kspuãs `k skfgr lgs pgrtks, kl usm pgrg lg `kschekffcöh `clucr Vmlufcöh `k gimhcm fugtkrhgrcm quk tckhk kspkftrm dgstghtk giplcm gffcöh,y sch kidgrom, sch gffcöh `kjgr rkscùm ks quk puk`ge fmh pmhkrsk kh fmhtgftm fmh klkl fmlfböh fukrpm `kl rkfcãh hgfc`m fgusgr fuglquckr töxcfms.prmdgdlk Gplcquk kstg smlufcöh uh pg÷m lcipcm smdrk lkfbm, skhsmr `k TH (hm `kjk quk kstk fmhtgftm smlufcöh kl skhsmr TH khfbuek), fmipgrtcickhtm `k TH y vkhtclg`mr. Kh lg `kschekffcöh `k lgs pckzgs `k gfrélcfm, huhfg fmh prmùftms `k dgsk `k glfmbml m ãtkr, yg quk kstms `g÷ms léquc`ms tglks igtkrcglks. GPKHFCÖH - Hm kstkrclczgr kh gutmflgvk lg kspuig m lg fudckrtg `k fmlfböh. - Hm utclczgr `csmlvkhtks m prmùftms `k lcipckzg gdrgscvms pgrg lcipcgr lgs supkrecfcks `k lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk. - Hm kxpmhog lgs supkrecfcks `k plçstcfm m gfrélcfm kh lg rg`cgfcöh `crkftg `k lgs lçipgrgs okricfc`gs. Lg rg`cgfcöh ultrgvcmlktg kictc`g puk`k fgusgr skquk`g` `k kstms igtkrcglks. -hm Gutmflgvk m kstkrclczgr fuglquckr pgrtk `k lg chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk `k ogs. - ^grg lg kstkrclczgfcöh kh erém, gskoúrksk `k quk kl prmùftm sk utclcfk puk`k skr utclczg`m fmh igtkrcglks `k plçstcfm y iktgl (glkgfcöh `k frmim y pchtg`gs). - ^grg chikrscöh kh léquc`ms, glouhms prmùftms quéicfms puk`kh skr pkrju`cfcglks pgrg lms plçstcfms, kh fgsm `k ù`g fmhsultk fmh kl prmvkk`mr `k ksms prmùftms. 7; - FÖ@COMV @K GFFKVM S FGLCDTGFCÖH T_P-^L[ T_P-^L[V V Gl khfkh`kr kl kqucpm pgrkfk M^FCMHKV fmhecourgfcöh pghtgllg. Vc Kqucpgickhtm yg kstç kh Mpkrgfcöh, y kl mpkrg`mr quckrk khtrgr kh kstg pghtgllg, `kdk gpgogr kl Kqucpgickhtm trgvãs `kl fmhtrml MH / MEE `kl dmtöh `kl pghkl k chik`cgtgikhtk `kspuãs `k khfkh`krlg `k hukvm. Ocrk lg pkrcllg g lg Mpfcöh TKOCVPTM @KL ^GFCKHPK ocrm y pulsk Dmtöh ocrgtmrcm (pkrcllg `k ocrm) pgrg fmhecrigr, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 4>;. @kspuãs `k Fmhecrigfcöh lg pghtgllg `k fö`coms `k gffksm `k khtrg`g y `k fglcdrgfcöh `k lg chfudg`mrg, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 4>5. ^grg chtrmùfcr kl fö`com `kskg`m: - Ocrgr kl dmtöh pgrg bgfkr ocrgr kl vglmr m lg lktrg `kskg`g - ûlsgr kl dmtöh pgrg bgfkr ocrgr vglmr Fmhecrigfcöh m fgrtg - Tkpctg lms pgsms ghtkrcmrks bgstg quk bgyg chtrmùfc`m tm`m kl fö`com - Ocrgr kl dmtöh pgrg ocrgr Mpfcöh MA - ûlsk kl dmtöh `k ocrm pgrg fmhecrigr kl fö`com chtrmùfc`m Ecourg 4>; - Pklg `k Mpfcmhks pgrg Fmhecourgfcöh • Ecourg 4>5 - Pklg `k Fgtgstrm `k ^gfckhtk FÖ@COM ^GTG FGLCDTGFCÖH @KL PM[FB VFTKKH: FÖ@. 7460 @kspuãs `k chtrmùfcr kl fö`com `k 7460, lg pghtgllg `k fglcdrgfcöh fmim kh lg ecourg 4>?. ^grg fglcdrgr lg pghtgllg tçftcl: - Pmquk kh kl scohm içs (+) quk gpgrkfk kh lg ksquchg supkrcmr czquckr`g `k lg pghtgllg - [h hukvm scohm (+) gpgrkfk kh mtrg ksquchg `k lg pghtgllg 775 - Pmquk kh tm`ms lms scohms (+) quk gpgrkfk - G ik`c`g quk kl últcim scohm (+) quk gpgrkfk kh lg ksquchg chekrcmr `krkfbg sk tmfg, lg pghtgllg tçftcl kstç fglcdrg`g. - ^grg sglcr `k lg pghtgllg sk gpgouk kl Kqucpgickhtm prkscmhgh`m kl dmtöh MH / MEE. Ecourg 4>? - Pklg `k Fglcdrgfcöh `kl Pmufb Vfrkkh • FÖ@COM @K CHEMTIGFCMHKV IÖ@[LM E[KHPK: FÖ@COM. 7465 @kspuãs `k chtrmùfcr kl fö`com `k 7465, gpgrkfk uhg pghtgllg fmh tm`gs lgs Chemrigfcmhks hkfksgrcgs pgrg lg rkglczgfcöh `kl iöùlm `k eukhtk chfudg`mrg fmim ecourg 4>2. Ecourg 4>2 - Pklg `k Chemrigfcmhks `kl Iöùlm Eukhtk • FÖ@COM TH VKHVMT @K PKI^KTGP[TG @K FGLCDTGFCÖH: FM@. 4276 @kspuãs `k chtrmùfcr kl fö`com `k 4276, lg pghtgllg pgrg lg fglcdrgfcöh `k lg TH skhsmr `k tkipkrgturg, fmim kh lg Ecourg Kl gjustk `k 4>3. lg tkipkrgturg TH `kdk bgfkrsk fg`g vkz quk kl vglmr ch`cfg`m pmr lg pghtgllg pgrg prkskhtgr uhg `cekrkhfcg Glfgl`k >,6 ¾ F kh Tklgfcöh g lg tkipkrgturg lké`g pmr uh tkriöiktrm fléhcfm m uh tkriöiktrm `k prkfcscöh. ^grg fglcdrgr kl skhsmr `k tkipkrgturg `kl TH: - Fmhkftgr kl skhsmr `k tkipkrgturg `kl TH kh kl fmhkftmr `kl skhsmr `k HD kh kl iöùlm `k skhsmrks m fmhkftgr kl pghkl `kl skhsmr. - Fmlmfgr kl vglmr `k tkipkrgturg tki pkrgturg `k rkekrkhfcg TKE 60.; ¾ g ksk: Ocrgr kl dmtöh `k sklkffcöh pgrg kl vglmr `kskg`m. • ûlsk lg tkflg `k dlmqukm `kl tkflg`m, kl pghkl `k fmhtrml, pgrg fmhecrigr kl vglmr y okhkrgr kl `ksplgzgickhtm. - Fmlmfgr kl skhsmr `k TH kh uh rkfcpckhtk fmh goug, tkipkrgturg fmhtrm fmhtrmlg`g lg`g `k uhm g 60,; ¾ F. - Lg tkipkrgturg `kl goug `khtrm `kl rkfcpckhtk `kdk fmhtrmlgrsk fmh uhg prkfcscöh tkriöiktrm, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 47>. - Fmipgrgfcöh `k lg lkfturg `kl tkriöiktrm `coctgl fmh tkriöiktrm `k prkfcscöh `k vc`rcm. Lg `cekrkhfcg içxcig khtrk lgs tkipkrgturgs tkipkrgtur gs `kdk skr chekrcmr g >,6 ¾ F. - Vc ks hkfksgrcm gjustgr lg tkipkrgturg `k rkekrkhfcg TKE gl vglmr lké`m kh kl tkriöiktrm `k prkfcscöh quk kstç imhctmrkgh`m rkfcpckhtk y pulsk lg tkflg `k dlmqukm `kl tkflg`m, lgs `ms tkipkrgturgs fmchfc`crçh fmh kl tkriöiktrm `k klprkfcscöh. - Kspkrgr gprmxcig`gikhtk ; ichutms, Kstgdclczgfcöh `k lkkr kl skhsmr `k tkipkrgturg `kl TH. - ûlsk kl dmtöh KHPKT kh kl pghkl `k fmhtrml pgrg ougr`gr lms pgrçiktrms `k fglcdrgfcöh y tkrichgr. - ^grg sglcr `k lg pghtgllg sk gpgouk kl Kqucpgickhtm prkscmhgh`m kl dmtöh MH / MEE. 77? Ecourg 4>3 - Pklg pgrg Fglcdrgfcöh `kl Vkhsmr `k Pkipkrgturg `kl TH Ecourg 47> - Pkriöiktrm `k ^rkfcscöh y Tkfcpckhtk pgrg Fmhtrml `k Pkipkrgturg `k lg goug • FÖ@COM FGLCDTGFCÖH @KL VKHVMT @K PKI^KTGP[TG @KL GCTK KH LG FÚ^[LG: FM@. 4270 Lg tkipkrgturg `k lg chfudg`mrg `kdk skr lké`m pmr uhg prkfcscöh tkriöiktrm fmim ecourg 477. ^grg fmiprmdgr lg tkipkrgturg `k lg chfudg`mrg, fmlmquk lg chfudg`mrg kh kl im`m GT fmh tkipkrgturg prmorgig`g 60,;ºF y kspkrgr Kstgdclczgfcöh `k lg tkipkrgturg. Lg Kqucpgickhtm vckhk fmh kl prmorgig kh eçdrcfg `kl puhtm `k gjustk `k 60,;ºF. Vc lg tkipkrgturg lké`g `kspuãs `k Kstgdclczgfcöh hm kstç `khtrm `k lg egjg `k lg fmrrkftg fglcdrgfcöh sk rkquckrk quk kl skhsmr `k tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk. Ecourg 477 - Pkriöiktrm `k ^rkfcscöh 772 ^grg lg fglcdrgfcöh `kl skhsmr `k tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk: - Fmiprmdgr quk kl iöùlm skhsmr kstç fmhkftg`m. - Fmhkftgr kl skhsmr `k tkipkrgturg `kl TH. - Kl skhsmr `k tkipkrgturg TH fmh kl tkriöiktrm `k prkfcscöh `k 7> fi kh kl fkhtrm `kl fmlfböh chfudg`mrg fmim ecourg 474. - Chtrmùfcr kl fö`com `k 4270 kh lg pghtgllg `k rkocstrm `k pgfckhtks. - @kspuãs `k chtrmùfcr kl fö`com `k 4270, kh lg pghtgllg `k fglcdrgfcöh `kl skhsmr `k tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk kh lg pgrtk supkrcmr, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 476. -chtkrcmr Kspkrgr Kstgdclczgfcöh tkipkrgturg g 60,; ¾ F, lké`m pmr kl skhsmr `k tkipkrgturg `kl TH fmlmfg`m kh kl `kTKE lg fúpulg kh kl fkhtrm `kl fmlfböh. - Kspkrk `ms bmrgs pgrg lg kstgdclczgfcöh `k lg tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk kh lg fúpulg, fmh uhg tkipkrgturg khtrk 4>,> ¾ F y 4;,> ¾ F, fmipgrgr lg lkfturg `kl tkriöiktrm `k prkfcscöh `khtrm `k lg fúpulg fmh kl vglmr TKE `k 60,; ¾ F. Lg `cekrkhfcg içxcig khtrk lgs tkipkrgturgs `kdk skr chekrcmr g >,6 ¾ F. - ûlsk lg tkflg `k dlmqukm `kl tkflg`m kh kl iöùlm `kl pghkl `k fmhtrml pgrg okhkrgr meeskt y quk fmchfc`g fmh lg GT y GT-4 TKE tkipkrgturgs `k tkipkrgturg, kstk prmfksm tgr`grç uhms skouh`ms, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 470. - Kspkrgr 6> ichutms Kstgdclczgfcöh tkipkrgturgs, kstk Chtkrvglm fmipgrgh lgs tkipkrgturgs. Lg `cekrkhfcg içxcig khtrk lgs tkipkrgturgs `kdk skr `k >,6 ¾ F. - ûlsk lg tkflg `k dlmqukm `k tkflg`m `k hukvm pgrg fmipkhsgr hukvg. - Kspkrgr 6> ichutms Kstgdclczgfcöh tkipkrgturgs, kstk chtkrvglm fmipgrgh lgs tkipkrgturgs. Lg `cekrkhfcg içxcig khtrk lgs tkipkrgturgs `kdk skr `k >,6 ¾ F. - ûlsk lg tkflg KHPKT kh kl pghkl `k fmhtrml `kl iöùlm pgrg fmhecrigr fglcdrgfcöh. Ecourg 474 - Pkriöiktrm `k ^rkfcscöh k Vkhsmr `k Pkipkrgturg `m TH Ecourg 476 - Pklg `k Fglcdrgfcöh `kl Vkhsmr `k Pkipkrgturg `kl Gcrk Ecourg 470 - Pklg fmh Vkhsmr Fglcdrg`m GPKHFCÖH - Vc `kspuãs `k lg kstgdclczgfcöh `k lg tkipkrgturg, lg `cekrkhfcg khtrk kllms ks kl glfgl`k `k >,6 ¾ F, pulsk tkflg `k khtrk dlmqukm `kl tkflg`m gl hukvmks `ksplgzgickhtm. Fmhtchugr kstk prmfk`cickhtm bgstg quk lglg`cekrkhfcg lg tkipkrgturg içxcig `k >,6 ¾ F. - Vc kl içxcim `k >,6 ¾ F `k `cekrkhfcg huhfg sk lmorg `k fglcdrgfcöh, quk bgy gcrk fcrfulgfcöh skourm kh kl ik`cm gidckhtk, yg quk kstm puk`k chelucr `crkftgikhtk kh lg chtkrrupfcöh `k lg fglcdrgfcöh Kqucpgickhtm. 773 Hmtg: - Ks hkfksgrcm fglcdrgr kl TH skhsmr `k tkipkrgturg ghtks `k rkglczgr kl skhsmr `k tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk `k fglcdrgfcöh. • FÖ@COM FGLCDTGFCÖH @KL IMPMT @K FCTF[LGFCÖH @K GCTK KH LG FÚ^[LG: FM@. 4275 ^grg fglcdrgr kl gcrk `kl imtmr fcrfulgfcöh kh lg fuidrk: -- Kl Kqucpgickhtm `kdk tkipkrgturg gidckhtk. Chtrmùfcr kl fö`com `k kstgr 4275 erém kh lgg pghtgllg `k rkocstrm `k pgfckhtks. - @kspuãs `k chtrmùfcr kl fö`com `k 4275, kh lg pghtgllg `k fglcdrgfcöh `kl imtmr Fcrfulgfcöh `k gcrk kh lg pgrtk supkrcmr, quk iukstrg kl vglmr `k lg fmrrckhtk kh iclcgipkrcms, 47; fmim sk iukstrg. - Kspkrgr uhms ; ichutms Kstgdclczgfcöh lg fmrrckhtk `kl imtmr, quk `kdk kstgr kh kl rghom `k 7;; g 72> iG. Kl vglmr c`kgl ks `k 7;2 · 6 iG. - ûlsk lg tkflg `k dlmqukm `k tkflg`m pgrg okhkrgr fmipkhsg`m. - Ukrç lg pghtgllg fmh vglmrks `k fmrrckhtk khtrk kl içxcim y kl iéhcim `k fmrrckhtk `kl imtmr, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 475. - ûlsk KHPKT pgrg fmhecrigr y echglczgr lg fglcdrgfcöh. - ^grg sglcr `k lg pghtgllg sk gpgouk kl Kqucpgickhtm prkscmhgh`m kl dmtöh MH / MEE. Ecourg 47; - Pklg `k fglcdrgfcöh `kl imtmr `k fcrfulgfcöh `k gcrk • Ecourg 475 - Pklg P klg fmh vglmrks gftuglczg`ms `k lg fglcdrgfcöh `kl imtmr FÖ@COM ^GTG BGDCLCPGFCÖH @K LMV IÖ@[LMV @K M^KTGFCÖH @KL VCVPKIG: FM@. 427? @kspuãs `k chtrmùfcr kl fö`com `k 427?, lg pghtgllg pgrkfk pkrictcr iöùlms `k Mpkrgfcöh `kl scstkig. Pm`ms M^FCMHKV kstçh `ksgftcvg`ms, igrfg`m MEE, tgl fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 47?. ^grg bgdclctgr lgs M^FCMHKV `kskg`gs: - Ocrgr kl dmtöh pgrg sklkffcmhgr lg Mpfcöh `k ocrm quk `kskg bgdclctgr lg fmluihg MH. - ûlsgr kl dmtöh pgrg sklkffcmhgr ocrm y Mpfcöh sklkffcmhg`g khgdlk. - ^grg sglcr `k lg pghtgllg sk gpgouk kl Kqucpgickhtm prkscmhgh`m kl dmtöh MH / MEE. Ecourg 47? - Pklg pgrg bgdclctgfcöh `k lms iöùlms • FÖ@COM @K VKLKFCÖH @KL C@CMIG: FM@. 4273 @kspuãs `k chtrmùfcr kl fö`com `k 4273, kh lg pghtgllg `k sklkffcöh `k c`cmig, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 472. 74> ^grg sklkffcmhgr kl c`cmig `kskg`m: - Ocrgr kl dmtöh pgrg sklkffcmhgr lg Mpfcöh ocrm kl c`cmig `kskg`m. - ûlsk kl dmtöh `k ocrm pgrg igrfgr y fmhecrigr kl c`cmig sklkffcmhg`m. - ^grg sglcr `k lg pghtgllg sk gpgouk kl Kqucpgickhtm prkscmhgh`m kl dmtöh MH / MEE. Ecourg 472 - Pklg pgrg sklkffcöh `kl c`cmig • FÖ@COM @K CHEMTIGFCMHKV @K LG ^LGFG FMHPTMLG@MTG IÖ@[LM VKHVMTKV: FM@. 424> @kspuãs `k chtrmùfcr kl fö`com `k 424>, gpgrkfk uhg pghtgllg fmh tm`gs lgs Chemrigfcmhks hkfksgrcgs pgrg lg rkglczgfcöh `k lms iöùlms `k tgrjktgs `k fmhtrmlg`mr `k skhsmrks fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 473. Ecourg 473 - Pklg pgrg sklkffcöh `kl c`cmig • FÖ@COM ^GTG PKVPK @K LG ^LGFG S FBCFMPK @KL VCVPKIG V^M4, HMHCI: FM@. 4247 @kspuãs `k chtrmùfcr kl fö`com `k 4247, gpgrkfk uhg pghtgllg fmh VpM4 y DÎ chemrigfcöh pgrg lg vkrcecfgfcöh `kl euhfcmhgickhtm `k lms skhsmrks, fmim sk iukstrg kh lg Ecourg 44>. - Fmlmquk kl skhsmr kh kl `k`m pgrg fmiprmdgr lms vglmrks `k lkfturg. Ecourg 44> - Pklg pgrg tkstk `k V^M4 k HMHCI • FÖ@COM ^GTG TKVKP @K PM@MV LMV ^GTÄIKPTMV FGLCDTG@MV: FM@. 427; @kspuãs `k chtrmùfcr kl fö`com `k 427;, tm`ms lms pgrçiktrms vuklvkh g su eçdrcfg pmr `kekftm. 747 @kspuãs `k rkstgdlkfkr tm`ms lms pgrçiktrms `k Kqucpgickhtm skrç sch fglcdrgr y khtrgr kh im`m `k kspkrg. 7;.7 - FÖ@COMV @K KTTMT @K VCVPKIG T_P-^L[V TU->.>/>2-4>76 • FÖ@COM: K>7 Vkhsmr HPF 7>A N 4; ¾ F 9 6,3?>, rkspm rkspmhsgdlks hsgdlks `k lg ik`cfcöh `k lg tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk kh lg fúpulg. ^mscdlks prmdlkigs: - Vkhsmr `ksfmhkftg`m. - Vkhsmr fmh uh igl fmhtgftm kh kl fgdlkg`m / fmhkftmrks. • FÖ@COM: K>4 Icfrm TÎN0.6U-753 imtmr 75;> iG, rkspmhsgdlk `k lg fcrfulgfcöh `k gcrk kh lg fúpulg. ^mscdlks prmdlkigs: - Kl imtmr sk bg imhtg`m y ks sch vkhtclg`mr. - Kl imtmr kstç imhtg`m ks fmh kl vkhtclg`mr y kl fgdlk kstç rmtm m `ksfmhkftg`m `k lg plgfg `kl fmhtrmlg`mr. - Vk imhtg imtmr kstç fmh kl fgdlk `kl vkhtclg`mr kstç fmhkftg`m g lg plgfg `kl fmhtrmlg`mr, pkrm ks fmrtmfcrfuctm kh gloúh imikhtm pmr lg kxtkhscöh tmtgl. - Kl imtmr kstç imhtg`m fmrrkftgikhtk, pkrm kl vkhtclg`mr kstç trgdg`g kstgr tmfgh`m kl pgrfbk `k khsgym m kl kjk `k tmrhcllm kstç kh fmhtgftm fmh kl fukrpm. FÖ@COM: K>6 HM CI^LKIKHPG@M. • • FÖ@COM: K>0 74,; U dgtkrég `k 66GB, rkspmhsgdlks `k glcikhtgr g lg chfudg`mrg pgrg kl trghspmrtk. ^mscdlks prmdlkigs: - Dgtkrég fmh lg tkhscöh kstç pmr `kdgjm `k 5U. - Dgtkrég chtkrhg `g÷g`g, fmh uhg cipk`ghfcg iuy gltg fuyg fmrrckhtk 6.;G eukrzg `k tkhscöh skr glfgl`k m cougl g 76.2;U · 0%. - Fgdlk `k fmhkxcöh khtrk lg dgtkrég y kl iöùlm `k eukhtk `g÷g`m, rmtm m hm kstç fmhkftg`m. - Dgtkrég `kekftumsg rklã `k fmhkxcöh. - Fgdlk `k gffcmhgickhtm `kl rklã `k fmhkxcöh `k lg dgtkrég sk `ksfmhkftg m sk rmipk. - Lg dgtkrég hm kstç prkskhtk kh kl scstkig `k. • FÖ@COM: K>; 74,; U dgtkrég `k 66GB, rkspmhsgdlks `k glcikhtgr g lg chfudg`mrg pgrg kl trghspmrtk. ^mscdlks prmdlkigs: - Dgtkrég tkhscöh fmh lms tkrichglks pmr `kdgjm `k 77U · 6%, fmh lg fgrog gplcfg`g. - Lg dgtkrég sk kstç fgrogh`m, mpkrgtcvm <;% kh lgs Fmh`cfcmhks [sm. • FÖ@COM: K>5 iöùlm `k skhsmr, fgjg m tudm ^mlctkf. ^mscdlks prmdlkigs: - @ksfmhkxcöh `kl pghkl lgtkrgl czquckr`m. - Gzmtgr `g÷g`m. - @ksfmhkftg`m `k fgrtöh, m lgs uhcmhks `k tudm ^mlctkf. • FÖ@COM: K>? HM CI^LKIKHPG@M. FÖ@COM: K>2 Vkhsmr HPF 7>A N 4; ¾ F 9 6,2?>, lm quk rkprkskhtg lg i ik`cfcöh k`cfcöh `k lg tkipkrgturg gi gidckhtk. dckhtk. ^mscdlks prmdlkigs: • - Vkhsmr `ksfmhkftg`m. 744 - Igl fmhtgftm kh lms fgdlks / fmhkftmrks. - Fmrtmfcrfuctm kh gloúh imikhtm. • FÖ@COM: K>3 Vkhsmr HPF 7>A g 4; ¾ F 9 6,2?>, rkspmhsgdlk `k lg Pkipkrgturg `kl fmhùftm `k sglc`g Fglkhtgickhtm Fglk htgickhtm rkscstkhfcg `k gcrk pgrg lg Ik`cfcöh `k fúpulg. ^mscdlks prmdlkigs: - Vkhsmr `ksfmhkftg`m. Igl fmhtgftm kh lms fgdlks / fmhkftmrks. - Fmrtmfcrfuctm kh GLOÚH imikhtm. • FÖ@COM: K7> Léhkg `k tmoolk vcg bgr`wgrk pgrg löocfg `k wgtfb`mo eéscfm. ^mssévkcs prmdlkigs: - Elgt fgdlk `k fmhkxæm khtrk plgfg fmhtrmlg`mrg `m `csplgy k plgfg iöùlm eukhtk hæm kstç prkskhtk mu igl fmhkftg`m. - Elgt fgdlk `k fmhkxæm khtrk plgfg fmhtrmlg`mrg `m `csplgy k plgfg iöùlm eukhtk kstç `ghcecfg`m - ^lgfg iöùlm eukhtk kstç `ghcecfg`m k hæm rkspmh`k g löocfg `k wgtfb`mo vcg bgr`wgrk • FÖ@COM: K77 Khercgickhtm Icfrmvkhtclg`mr kl iöùlm `k eukhtk. ^mscdlks prmdlkigs: - Icfrmvkhtclg`mr hm kstç prkskhtk. - ^rkskhtk y hm kstç fmhkftg`m Icfrmvkhtclg`mr. - Icfrmvkhtclg`mr prkskhtks y fmhkftg`ms gl luogr kqucvmfg`m. - Icfrmvkhtclg`mr kl fgdlkg`m kstç `g÷g`m. - Icfrmvkhtclg`mr fmh lg rmtgfcöh `k ikhms `k 4>>> TÎ, vkrcecquk lg rmtgfcöh fmh kl fö`com 7465. • FÖ@COM: K74 IMVEKP rkspmhsgdlk `k `kskhfg`khgr kl fmhjuhtm `k dmidkm `k goug scstkig `k buic`cecfgfcöh. ^mscdlks prmdlkigs: - Imsekt fmrtmfcrfuctm `k tckrrg. - OH@ fmhjuhtm `k fgdlks, tmfgh`m kl fbgscs Kqucpgickhtm pgrg kl `kfgpg`m. • FÖ@COM: K76 Vkhsmrks `k tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk kh lg fgjg iöùlm `k skhsmr `k fúpulg y kl tudm `k ^mlctkf. ^mscdlks prmdlkigs: - VBP77 Vkhsmr puk`k kstgr eukrg `k fglcdrgfcöh. - Vkhsmr HPF 7>A puk`k skr fglcdrg`g. • FÖ@COM: K70 IMVEKP rkspmhsgdlk `k gftcvgr lg vçlvulg `k mxéokhm. ^mscdlks prmdlkigs: - Fmrtmfcrfuctm khtrk lg khtrg`g y lg sglc`g IMVEKP, kstm ciplcfg lg Glcikhtgfcöh fmhstghtk `k mxéokhm `k lg vçlvulg. • FÖ@COM: K7; IMVEKP rkspmhsgdlk `k `kskhfg`khgr lg juhtg buic`cecfgfcöh `k suichcstrm `k plghfbg. ^mscdlks prmdlkigs: - Fmrtmfcrfuctm khtrk lg khtrg`g y lg sglc`g IMVEKP, kstm ciplcfg lg Glcikhtgfcöh fmhstghtk `k Eukhtk mdlkg plgfg pckzmklãftrcfg. • FÖ@COM: K75 IMVEKP rkspmhsgdlk `k lg uhc`g` `k lg rkscstkhfcg g 74U m 7;U. ^mscdlks prmdlkigs: - Fmrtmfcrfuctm khtrk lg khtrg`g y lg sglc`g IMVEKP, kstm ciplcfg lg Glcikhtgfcöh fmhstghtk `kl scstkig `k Fglkhtgickhtm. 746 • FÖ@COM: K7? Vcstkig `k Fmiuhcfgfcöh kh skrck C4F khtrk lg tgrjktg y kl fmhtrmlg`mr `k lg eukhtk iöùlm `k vcsuglczgfcöh. ^mscdlks prmdlkigs: - Krrmr C4F Fmiuhcfgfcöh, fgusg`g pmr lg egltg `k fmhkxcöh `k fgdlk plghm. - Hm `crkffcöh fmiuhcfgfcöh C4F, fgusg`m pmr `g÷ms kh kl fgdlk plghm `k fmhkxcöh khtrk lg tgrjktg y kl fmhtrmlg`mr `k lg eukhtk iöùlm `k vcsuglczgfcöh. - Krrmr C4F Fmiuhcfgfcöh, pgrg lms fcrfuctms klkftröhcfms `g÷ms klãftrcfms kh kl iöùlm `k eukhtk m `k pghtgllg lg tgrjktg fmhtrmlg`mrg. `k gltg chtkhsc`g` sk dlmqukg pmr egltg `k 44>pE fmh`khsg`mr, lms sml`g`ms kh lgs -`kKrrmr C4F Fmiuhcfgfcöh, pgtgs 7-OH@ y OH@-6, lg plgfg `k lg pghtgllg `kl fmhtrmlg`mr. • FÖ@COM: K72 Vkhsmr `k tkipkrgturg `k Fglkhtgickhtm rkspmhsgdlk `k lg ik`cfcöh `k lg tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk kh kl fmhùftm `k sglc`g g lg fuidrk. ^mscdlks prmdlkigs: - Lg tkipkrgturg glfghzö uh vglmr pmr khfcig khfci g `k 54 ¾ F. G trgvãs `k prukdgs, sskk khfmhtrö quk sk ffmhscouk mhscouk kstg tkipkrgturg sölm sc kl gcrk Fcrfulgfcöh `kl scstkig kh lg sglc`g fúpulg kstç mdstruc`m m sc sk prmùfk gloúh krrmr orgvk y kl scstkig `k fglkegffcöh pgrg ightkhkr fmhstghtk. 7;.4 - VML[FCÖH @K ^TMDLKIGV Lms prmdlkigs `k igrfm Vmlufcöh ch`cfg gl usugrcm uhg skrck `k kvkhtms okhãrcfms, sus pmscdlks fgusgs y lgs ik`c`gs quk `kdkh g`mptgrsk pgrg prmdlkigs VML[FCMH pmscdlks. Vc kstms hm smh suecfckhtks pgrg lg chsuecfckhfcg Chemrigfcmhks fmrrkffcöh, chfudg`mrg pgrg su rkvcscöh kh kl skrvcfcm gutmrczg`mlgiçs fkrfghm.`k trghspmrtk - T_P ^L[V im`klm `kdk skr prkskhtg`g EGLL EGLLG G G chfudg`mrg hm khfckh`k FG[VG FG[VG • • • • • • • • • Kl LK@ `k lg ch`cfgfcöh `k im`m `k hm gpgog • • Glgrig `k dgtkrég `ksfgrog`g gftcvg Lg tkipkrgturg `kl gcrk hm guikhtg • • • • • bcpmtkricg m bcpkrtkricg fmhstghtkikhtk glgrigs gftcvg`gs • • Fgdlk `k Glcikhtgfcöh `kskhfbueg`m Llgvk léhkg okhkrgl Lg egltg `k rk` `k FG. Dgtkrég `ksfgrog`g, `ksfmhkftg`m m `g÷g`m Ichc `csyuhtmr `cspgrg`m scstkig `k icfrmprmfksg`mr Vc hm sk Igl fmhtgftm kh lms fgdlks `kl iöùlm `k eukhtk Igl fmhtgftm `kl fgdlk `kl iöùlm `k fmhtrml Pkflg`m `k ikidrghg fmh igl fmhtgftm m `g÷g`m Ichc `csyuhtmrks E7 y E4 grigs pkfg`m Kl fgdlk kstç fmhkftg`m kh Glcikhtgfcöh Lg dgtkrég `g÷g`g vgfcg ûkrtg `k Gffksm gdckrtm Lg egltg `k rmjm GF Glcikhtgfcöh Lg Dgtkrég Tkscstkhfcg gl fmhtgftm eukrtks `g÷ms g lms Gdrcr Prcgf kh Fmhùfk Ighkjg lg tkipkrgturg @cekrkhfcg @cekrk hfcg lg `k 7,> ¾ F pmr lg @kdgjm pmr Khfcig `kl vglmr @kskg`m Vkhsmr `k fglcdrgfcöh`k THtkipkrgturg pkfg`m, luogr Eukrg, kl rmtm kh fmrtmfcrfuctm VML[ VML[FC FC H • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Fmhkftgr kl fgdlk `k Glcikhtgfcöh Fmhkftgr lg llgvk okhkrgl kh kl kl iöùlm iöùlm `k fmhtrml y pulsk kl dmtöh MH kh kl pghkl ermhtgl Fmiprukdk lg glcikhtgfcöh klãftrcfg Fmiprmdgr lg dgtkrég chtkrhg, fgrouk lg dgtkrég ùrghtk 40 bmrgs g plkhg fgrog m lg dgtkrég Fgidcmr Tkstgdlkfcickhtm `k ichc chtkrruptmr `k fcrfuctm @ksfmhkftgr llgvk kh okhkrgl, kspkrk 6> skouh`ms y vuklvg g Fmiprmdgr lg fmhkxcöh y lg tkhscöh kh lms fgdlks `kl iöùlm `k eukhtk fmim kl `cgorgig `k fgdlkg`m Fmiprukdk kl fgdlk `kl iöùlm `k fmhtrml `k fmhkxcöh Fmiprukdk lg fmhkxcöh `k lms fgdlks `kl tkflg`m `k ikidrghg Khvcgr g uh skrvcfcm Tkstgurgfcöh `k lms `csyuhtmrks ichcgturg Fmiprukdk lg fmhkxcöh `kl fgdlk `k Glcikhtgfcöh Fmhkftgr lg chfudg`mrg ùrghtk 40 bmrgs pgrg fgrogr fmiplktgikhtk lg dgtkrég m rkkiplgzgr lg dgtkrég Fckrrk lgs pukrtgs `k gffksm Fmhtrmlgr lg tkhscöh `k lg rk` Glcikhtgfcöh y lg tkhscöh kh lg dgtkrég Fmiprmdgr lg fmhkxcöh m lg rkscstkhfcg Fgidcm Khvcgr g uh skrvcfcm Fgidcgr kl Prcgf Fmhtrmlgr lg tkipkrgturg `kskg`g Fmhtrmlgr lg tkipkrgturg tkipkrgturg `kl pgfckhtk fmh uh tkriöiktrm fléhcfm y fmipgrgr fmh kl vglmr lké`m pmr lg chfudg`mrg. Vc lms vglmrks hm smh fmhscstkhtks kh fmhtgftm fmhlgsupmscfcöh `cstrcduc`mr Fmiprukdk `kl skhsmr `k TH Fmiprukdk sc kl kl skhsmr kstç rmtm m kh fmrtmfcrfuctm, fmiprmdgr kl vglmr öbicfm `k skhsmr `k 7>A • gprmxcig`gikhtk g 4; ¾F Khvcgr g uh skrvcfcm 740 Kl vglmr `k lg tkipkrgturg ch`cfg`g pmr lg TH ks chfmrrkftg • • • • Kl skhsmr `k tgpöh `k TH kstç igl fmhkftg`g Vkhsmr `k TH kstç `g÷g`m skhsmr TH m ecjgfcöh g`bkscvg `kl skhsmr sk fmlmfgh chfmrrkftgikhtk kh pgfckhtk skhsmr `cekrkhtk • • • • • Glgrig eglbg `k fcrfulgfcöh gfcmhg`m fmhstghtkikhtk • • • • Dgjg fmhfkhtrgfcöh mxéokhm `k • • • • • • • Dgjg fmhfkhtrgfcöh `k buik`g` • • • • • glgrig `k hcvkl dgjm `k goug gftcvg • • • • skhsmr `k mxciktrég hm ksfghkg • • skhsmr `k mxciktrég fmh lg lkfturg chkstgdlk Vkhsmr `k iöùlm `k glgrig `ksglmjg`m gftcvg fmhstghtkikhtk • • • • Lg mdstruffcöh `k lgs végs gãrkgs Igl pmscfcmhgickhtm `k lg fudckrtg gsãptcfg Imtmr Prgdg`m, fmh uhg rkùffcöh `kl rkh`cickhtm m `g÷g`m Fgdlk `k Glcikhtgfcöh `kl imtmr `ksfmhkftg`m fmh igl fmhtgftm m `g÷g`m Lgs pukrtgs `k gffksm m `k lg ighog `kl crcs gdckrtg. Pgpg gskpscg kh iglg pmscfcöh Mdstruffcöh `k lgs végs rkspcrgtmrcgs kxtkrhg m kxtrgvcg`m Fuidrk Chtkrhg ighoukrg `k khtrg`g `k mxéokhm euogs Vkhsmr `k mxéokhm sch fglcdrgr Vmlkhmc`k `g÷g`m mxéokhm. ûkrtgs `k gffksm gdckrtm Pgpgs gsãptcfgs kh iglg iglg pmscfcöh Lg mdstruffcöh `k lgs végs gãrkgs Lg gfuiulgfcöh `k rkscùms kh kl goug `kl `kpösctm chtkrhm ighoukrgs mdstruc`gs Lg egltg `k goug ighoukrgs mdstruc`gs @rkhgjk gdckrtm vçlvulgs `k suichcstrm `g÷g`ms Fgdlk `ksfmhkftg`m skhsmr fmh igl fmhtgftm m `g÷g`m skhsmrks m echgl `k lg vc`g `g÷g`ms Vkhsmr `g÷g`m, eukrg `k luogr m gl echgl `k lg vc`g kxtkrhg y chtkrhg fúpulg eukrg `k luogr Iöùlm igl pmscfcmhg`m Vkhsmrks pmscfcmhks `g÷g`ms • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Chskrtk ecrikikhtk kl khfbuek `kl `kl skhsmr `k TH kh kl iöùlm `k fmhtrml Khvcgr gl Vmpmrtk Pãfhcfm Fmiprukdk sc kl kl skhsmr kstç rmtm m kh fmrtmfcrfuctm, fmiprmdgr kl vglmr öbicfm `k skhsmr `k 7>A gprmxcig`gikhtk g 4; ¾F Fmlmfgr fmrrkftgikhtk kl skhsmr `k TH y kl g`bkscvm `k ecjgfcöh (vãgsk kl puhtm 7>.4 `k kstk ighugl) Fmiprukdk TH skhsmr kstçh`gr. @kspkjgr fmhùftms `klggcrk fmlmfgh`mlms fmrrkftgikhtk tgpg kstãrcl Fmiprukdk kl fmhkftmr klãftrcfm Fckrrk lgs pukrtgs fmlmfgh`m fmrrkftgikhtk lg tgpg kstãrcl @kspkjgr fmhùftm `k gcrk ^mscfcöh kxtkrhg m chtkrhg fúpulg fmrrkftgikhtk Fgidcgr kl tudm Bgog lg fglcdrgfcöh y kl skhsmr gekrcfcöh Fgidcgr smlkhmc`k Fckrrk lgs pukrtgs fmlmfgh`m fmrrkftgikhtk lg tgpg kstãrcl pgsm `k gcrk @kspkjgr Bgog quk lg lcipckzg `kl `kpösctm chtkrhm Fmiprukdk lgs ighoukrgs `k lgs Fmh`cfcmhks Fgidck kl goug kh kl `kpösctm @kspkjgr lgs ighoukrgs Fkrrgr kl `rkhm Khvém `k Gscstkhfcg Pãfhcfg Fmiprukdk lg fmhkxcöh `kl fgdlk Khvcgr g Gscstkhfcg Pãfhcfg Fmiprukdk lg pmscfcöh `kl skhsmr Khvcgr g Gscstkhfcg Pãfhcfg ^mscfcöh kllgs fúpulgs fmrrkftgikhtk pmscfcmhgr fmrrkftgikhtk kl iöùlm `k skhsmr Khvcgr g Gscstkhfcg Pãfhcfg 75 - @CD[JMV S TKLGFCÖH @K ^GTPKV ^ GTPKV Tklgfcöh `k `cdujms pgrg imhtgjk y ighutkhfcöh: @KVFTCFCÖH Chfudg`mrg Prghspmrtk T_P-^L[V Iöùlm `k Fmhtrml Chfudg`mrg T_P-^L[V Fj. Fbgscs Chfudg`mrg T_P-^L[V Fj. Fukrpm `k lg Chfudg`mrg T_P-^L[V 7? - KVW[KIGV KLÃFPTCFMV @CD[JM G7 454; G6 4?4? G4 4544 G7 4540 EMTIGPM MTCOCHGL G7 G6 G4 G7 Tklgfcöh `k lms ksqukigs klãftrcfms pgrg imhtgjk k ighutkhfcöh: 74; @KVFTCFCÖH Ksqukig Klãftrcfm Chfudg`mrg T_P-^L[V ^lgfg `k Fmhtrml `k lg T_P-^L[V ^lgfg `k Fmhtrml `k lg Eukhtk `g T_P-^L[V ^lgfg `m Vkhsmr VBP77 ^lgfg Iöùlm `m Vkhsmr `k lg T_P-^L[V Fj. Hkdulczgfcöh Chfudg`mrg T_P-^L[V @KCD[JM G7 45;? G7 4567 G7 456> G6 4335 G4 45;> G4 4550 EMTIGPM MTCOCHGL G7 G7 G7 G6 G4 G4 72 - OGTGHPCG G MLC@KE - Ch`ústrcg k Fmiãrfcm `k Gpgrklbms Bmspctglgrks Lt`g gskourg kl tctulgr `k lg Chfudg`mrg `k trghspmrtk - im`klm T_P ^L[V ogrghtég fmhtrg `kekftms `k igtkrcglks m `k egdrcfgfcöh quk sk prkskhtgrç `khtrm `k lms 74 iksks (`mfk) g pgrtcr `k lg ekfbg `k g`qucscfcöh pmr kl prcikr g`qucrkhtk. Lg rkspmhsgdclc`g` `k lg ogrghtég kstç lcictg`g g lg rkpgrgfcöh m sustctufcöh `k lgs pckzgs `kekftumsgs y rkpgrgfcmhks `k egdrcfgfcöh y lms gjustks quk skgh hkfksgrcms pgrg quk lg uhc`g` euhfcmhk `khtrm `k sus Kspkfcecfgfcmhks sckiprk y fugh`m sk pusm kh lg sk`k `k lg kiprksg, ^gtrcgrfg Gvkhuk, 4446 - Tcdkcrgm ^rktm m uhc`g`ks `k skrvcfcm Mlc`ke, ogstms y Tcksoms trghspmrtk y khvgsg`m pmr kl prmpcktgrcm. Vk kxfluykh `k kstg ogrghtég lgs pckzgs quk smh `kekftumsms pmr kl `ksogstk hgturgl, fmim kl fgdlk Glcikhtgfcöh, `csyuhtmrks ichc-rkgjustgdlks, duldms, vk`gfcmhks, ktf. Kstg ogrghtég hm ks vçlc`g sc lg uhc`g` g lg `csfrkfcöh `kl Mlc`ke, rkfcdcr `g÷m pmr gffc`khtk, fgé`g, m imstrgr scohms `k gjustks m chtkhtms `k Tkpgrgfcöh pmr pgrtk `k pkrsmhgs hm gutmrczg`gs. Fuglquckr Gltkrgfcöh m kxtkhscöh `k ogrghtég, g`kiçs `k lgs Fmh`cfcmhks kstrcftgs kstk tãrichm, sölm skrçh vçlc`gs fugh`m sk tmig pmr ksfrctm `crkftgikhtk pmr Mlc`ke.

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